U.S. patent application number 11/564689 was filed with the patent office on 2007-05-03 for information recording medium, information reproducing apparatus, information reproducing method and information recording method.
This patent application is currently assigned to KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA. Invention is credited to Hideo ANDO, Yutaka Kashihara, Akihito Ogawa, Hideki Takahashi.
Application Number | 20070097846 11/564689 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34858515 |
Filed Date | 2007-05-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070097846 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
ANDO; Hideo ; et
al. |
May 3, 2007 |
INFORMATION RECORDING MEDIUM, INFORMATION REPRODUCING APPARATUS,
INFORMATION REPRODUCING METHOD AND INFORMATION RECORDING METHOD
Abstract
An information recording medium includes a user information
storage area which stores user information, a test write area which
is extendable and for test write of information, a spare area which
is extendable and capable of alternatively storing user
information, and a recording position management information area
including recordable range information expressing recordable ranges
in the aforesaid test write area and the aforesaid spare area. The
information recording medium, an information reproducing apparatus,
an information reproducing method and an information recording
method which make it easy to record and reproduce information
properly are provided.
Inventors: |
ANDO; Hideo; (Yokohama-shi,
JP) ; Kashihara; Yutaka; (Chigasaki-shi, JP) ;
Ogawa; Akihito; (Kawasaki-shi, JP) ; Takahashi;
Hideki; (Kashiwa-shi, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
OBLON, SPIVAK, MCCLELLAND, MAIER & NEUSTADT, P.C.
1940 DUKE STREET
ALEXANDRIA
VA
22314
US
|
Assignee: |
KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
34858515 |
Appl. No.: |
11/564689 |
Filed: |
November 29, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11085516 |
Mar 22, 2005 |
|
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11564689 |
Nov 29, 2006 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
369/275.3 ;
G9B/20.027; G9B/7.017; G9B/7.025; G9B/7.033; G9B/7.034 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G11B 2220/2537 20130101;
G11B 2020/1287 20130101; G11B 2220/237 20130101; G11B 20/1217
20130101; G11B 2020/1275 20130101; G11B 20/10055 20130101; G11B
20/1426 20130101; G11B 2020/1278 20130101; G11B 2020/1457 20130101;
G11B 7/261 20130101; G11B 2220/21 20130101; G11B 7/0053 20130101;
G11B 2020/122 20130101; G11B 2007/0013 20130101; G11B 2020/1244
20130101; G11B 2220/216 20130101; G11B 20/1012 20130101; G11B
7/00745 20130101; G11B 7/00736 20130101; G11B 2020/1245 20130101;
G11B 2020/1222 20130101; G11B 20/10009 20130101; G11B 2020/1277
20130101; G11B 7/00458 20130101; G11B 2020/1239 20130101; G11B
20/1833 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
369/275.3 |
International
Class: |
G11B 7/24 20060101
G11B007/24 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 26, 2004 |
JP |
2004-092864 |
Claims
1. (canceled)
2. An information storage medium comprising: a data area for
storing user data; a data lead-in area consisting of data segments
adjacent to an inside of the data area; a data lead-out area
consisting of the data segments adjacent to an outside of the data
area; a recording cluster which is at least in the data lead-in
area, the data area and the data lead-out area, and which consists
of equal to or more than one of the data segment and extension
guard fields; and wherein when data is newly recorded in the unit
of the recording cluster, the extension guard fields are set in the
recording cluster for partially overwriting by physically
overlapping between the adjacent recording duster.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO THE INVENTION
[0001] This application is based upon and claims the benefit of
priority from the prior Japanese Patent Application No.
2004-092864, filed on Mar. 26, 2004; the entire contents of which
are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] This invention relates to an information recording medium,
an information reproducing apparatus, an information reproducing
method and an information recording method.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] An optical disk is used as an information recording medium
for recording and reproducing information.
[0006] An art of increasing a total number of test write area (test
area) in proportion to an increase of optical disk capacity is
disclosed (See Patent document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-open
Application No. 2001-273637). Namely, a test write area is disposed
in an inner peripheral position, and its extension scaling factor
is discretely set. Then, an SYNC pattern of an ATIP wobble signal
is detected to determine the kind of the disc, and the total number
of test areas (test write area) is determined.
[0007] An art of an optical disk capable of setting a spare area
extendable to an outer peripheral side is disclosed (See Patent
document 2: Japanese Patent No. 3090316). The position information
of the extendable spare area is described in position information
of a second spare area in a file entry area of the second spare
area.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] In the art disclosed in Patent document 1, the size of the
test write area (test area) cannot be set optionally, and there is
the possibility of causing substantial capacity reduction.
[0009] In the art disclosed in Patent document 2, the position
information of the extendable spare area cannot be rewritten in a
"recordable information storage medium", and the data structure
concerning the position information of the spare area cannot be
taken.
[0010] In view of the above description, the present invention has
its object to provide an information recording medium, an
information reproducing apparatus, an information reproducing
method and an information recording method which make it easy to
record and reproduce information properly.
[0011] An information recording medium according to the present
invention includes a user information storage area which stores
user information, a test write area which is extendable and for
test write of information, a spare area which is extendable and
capable of alternatively storing user information, and a recording
position management information area including recordable range
information expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test
write area and the aforesaid spare area.
[0012] An information reproducing apparatus according to the
present invention includes an information reproducing device which
reproduces information from an information recording medium
including a user information storage area which stores user
information, a test write area which is extendable and for test
write of information, a spare area which is extendable and capable
of alternatively storing user information, and a recording position
management information area including recordable range information
expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test write area and
the aforesaid spare area.
[0013] An information reproducing method according to the present
invention includes reproducing information from an information
recording medium including a user information storage area which
stores user information, a test write area which is extendable and
for test write of information, a spare area which is extendable and
capable of alternatively storing user information, and a recording
position management information area including recordable range
information expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test
write area and the aforesaid spare area.
[0014] An information recording method according to the present
invention includes recording information in an information
recording medium including a user information storage area which
stores user information, a test write area which is extendable and
for test write of information, a spare area which is extendable and
capable of alternatively storing user information, and a recording
position management information area including recordable range
information expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test
write area and the aforesaid spare area.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a point list (1) of an
embodiment.
[0016] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a point list (2) of the
embodiment.
[0017] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a point list (3) of the
embodiment.
[0018] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a point list (4) of the
embodiment.
[0019] FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a structure in the
embodiment of an information recording and reproducing
apparatus.
[0020] FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a detailed structure of
a peripheral part of a synchronous code position detecting unit in
this embodiment.
[0021] FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a signal
processing circuit using a slice level detection method.
[0022] FIG. 8 is a detailed explanatory diagram showing a slicer
circuit.
[0023] FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a signal
processing circuit using a PRML detection method.
[0024] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a structure in a
viterbi decoder.
[0025] FIG. 11 is a state transition diagram of a PR (1, 2, 2, 2,
1) class.
[0026] FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a method of creating a
maker indicating a next border by overwrite processing.
[0027] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a structure and
dimension of an information storage medium.
[0028] FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of process steps in an
information reproducing apparatus or an information recording
apparatus.
[0029] FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a physical sector number
setting method of a recordable information storage medium or a
single-layer reproduction-only information storage medium.
[0030] FIGS. 16A and 16B are diagrams showing physical sector
number setting methods of reproduction-only information storage
media having double-layer structures.
[0031] FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a physical sector number
setting method in a rewritable information storage medium.
[0032] FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a general parameter setting
example in a reproduction-only information storage medium.
[0033] FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a general parameter setting
example in a recordable information storage medium.
[0034] FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a general parameter setting
example in a rewritable information storage medium.
[0035] FIG. 21 is a data structure comparison explanatory diagram
in a system lead-in area and a data lead-in area.
[0036] FIG. 22 is a data structure explanatory diagram in a
recording position management zone.
[0037] FIG. 23 is a data structure comparison explanatory diagram
in a data area and a data lead-out area.
[0038] FIG. 24 is a waveform (write strategy) explanatory diagram
of a record pulse.
[0039] FIG. 25 is a definition explanatory diagram of a record
pulse shape.
[0040] FIG. 26 is a structure explanatory diagram concerning a
border area in the recordable information storage medium.
[0041] FIG. 27 is a data structure explanatory view in a control
data zone and an R physical information zone.
[0042] FIG. 28 is an information content comparison explanatory
diagrams in physical format information and R physical format
information.
[0043] FIG. 29 is an information content comparison explanatory
view in disposition place information of a data area DTA.
[0044] FIG. 30 is a data structure explanatory diagram (1) in a
recording position management data.
[0045] FIG. 31 is a data structure explanatory diagram (2)
(continued) in the recording position management data.
[0046] FIG. 32 is a data structure explanatory diagram (3)
(continued) in the recording position management data.
[0047] FIG. 33 is an explanatory view of process steps of setting a
test write area and test write.
[0048] FIGS. 34A to 34C are conversion steps explanatory diagrams
until forming a physical sector structure.
[0049] FIG. 35 is a structure explanatory diagram in a data
frame.
[0050] FIG. 36A is an explanatory diagram of initial values which
are given to a shift register when a frame after scramble is
created.
[0051] FIG. 36B is an explanatory diagram of a circuit construction
of a feedback shift register for creating scramble bytes.
[0052] FIG. 37 is an explanatory diagram of an ECC block
structure.
[0053] FIG. 38 is a frame arrangement explanatory diagram after
scramble.
[0054] FIG. 39 is an explanatory diagram of an interleave method of
PO.
[0055] FIG. 40 is a structure explanatory diagram in a physical
sector.
[0056] FIG. 41 is an explanatory diagram of a synchronous code
pattern content.
[0057] FIG. 42 is a diagram showing a construction of a modulation
block.
[0058] FIG. 43 is a diagram showing a connection rule for code
words.
[0059] FIG. 44 is a diagram showing connection of a code word and a
sync code.
[0060] FIG. 45 is a diagram showing a separation rule for
reproducing code words.
[0061] FIG. 46 is a diagram showing a conversion table in a
modulation method.
[0062] FIG. 47 is a diagram showing the conversion table in the
modulation method.
[0063] FIG. 48 is a diagram showing the conversion table in the
modulation method.
[0064] FIG. 49 is a diagram showing the conversion table in the
modulation method.
[0065] FIG. 50 is a diagram showing the conversion table in the
modulation method.
[0066] FIG. 51 is a diagram showing the conversion table in the
modulation method.
[0067] FIG. 52 is a diagram showing a demodulation table.
[0068] FIG. 53 is a diagram showing the demodulation table.
[0069] FIG. 54 is a diagram showing the demodulation table;
[0070] FIG. 55 is a diagram showing the demodulation table.
[0071] FIG. 56 is a diagram showing the demodulation table.
[0072] FIG. 57 is a diagram showing the demodulation table.
[0073] FIG. 58 is a diagram showing the demodulation table.
[0074] FIG. 59 is a diagram showing the demodulation table.
[0075] FIG. 60 is a diagram showing the demodulation table.
[0076] FIG. 61 is a diagram showing the demodulation table.
[0077] FIG. 62 is an explanatory diagram of a reference code
pattern.
[0078] FIG. 63 is a data unit explanatory diagram of a recorded
data on an information storage medium of this embodiment.
[0079] FIG. 64 is a comparison explanatory diagram of a data
recording type of each kind of information storage medium in this
embodiment.
[0080] FIG. 65A is an explanatory diagram of comparison of a data
structure in the information storage medium of this embodiment with
a prior art example.
[0081] FIG. 65B is an explanatory diagram of comparison of the data
structure in the information storage medium of this embodiment with
the prior art example.
[0082] FIG. 65C is an explanatory diagram of comparison of the data
structure in the information storage medium of this embodiment with
the prior art example.
[0083] FIG. 66 is an explanatory diagram of 180 degrees phase
modulation in wobble modulation and an NRZ method.
[0084] FIG. 67 is an explanatory view of relationship between the
wobble shapes and address bits in an address bit area.
[0085] FIG. 68 is a comparison table of a wobble position and a
recording place in the recordable information storage medium and
the rewritable information storage medium of this embodiment.
[0086] FIG. 69 is a comparison explanatory view of the wobble
position and the recording place in the recordable information
storage medium and the rewritable information storage medium of
this embodiment.
[0087] FIGS. 70A and 70B are explanatory diagrams of address
defining methods in the recordable information storage medium and
the rewritable information storage medium of this embodiment.
[0088] FIG. 71 is a wobble address format explanatory diagram on
the recordable information storage medium of this embodiment.
[0089] FIG. 72 is an explanatory diagram of a gray code
example.
[0090] FIG. 73 is an explanatory diagram of a gray code conversion
algorithm.
[0091] FIG. 74 is an explanatory diagram showing an example in
which an indefinite bit area is formed in a groove area.
[0092] FIG. 75 is an explanatory diagram of a disposition place of
a modulation area on the recordable information storage medium of
this embodiment.
[0093] FIG. 76 is a disposition explanatory view in a wobble data
unit concerning a primary disposition place and a secondary
disposition place of the modulation area.
[0094] FIG. 77 is a comparison explanatory diagram of disposition
relationship in a wobble sync pattern and a wobble data unit.
[0095] FIG. 78 is a disposition place explanatory view of a
modulation area in a physical segment on the recordable information
recording medium.
[0096] FIG. 79 is a comparison explanatory diagram of a data
structure in wobble address information in the rewritable
information storage medium and the recordable information storage
medium according to this embodiment.
[0097] FIG. 80 is a relation explanatory diagram of a combination
method of a wobble sync pattern and type identifying information of
a physical segment and a disposition pattern of a modulation
area.
[0098] FIG. 81 is a layout explanatory diagram in a recording
cluster.
[0099] FIG. 82 is a data recording method explanatory view of a
rewritable data recorded on the rewritable information storage
medium.
[0100] FIG. 83 is a data random shift explanatory view of the
rewritable data recorded on the rewritable information storage
medium.
[0101] FIG. 84 is an explanatory view of a recording method of a
recordable data recorded on the recordable information storage
medium.
[0102] FIG. 85 is an explanatory view concerting a reflectivity of
an unrecorded part in an "H.fwdarw.L" recording film and an
"L.fwdarw.H" recording film.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0103] An information storage medium such as an optical disk has an
Updated data area allocation area inside an RMD field 0, and in
that area, information which is the information of an Updated outer
limit of Data Recordable area and in a recordable range is
written.
[0104] An extendable test write area (test area) and an extendable
alternate area (spare area) are settable in an outer peripheral
part of the information storage medium, and an area which is the
result of taking the above described extendable test write area
(test area) and the extendable alternate area (spare area) from an
entire recording area corresponds to the recordable range of the
information of the Updated outer limit of Data Recordable area and
in the recordable range.
[0105] The points concerning an embodiment of the present invention
are summarized and described in FIGS. 1 to 4. The effects provided
when the respective points are combined are shown in the rows in
FIGS. 1 to 4, and the mark of (star) is given to the portion with
the highest contribution ratio to each effect, and marks of
.circleincircle. (double circle), .largecircle. (single circle) and
.DELTA. (triangle) are given in the order of higher contribution
ratio. Outlines of the effects provided when the respective points
are combined are as follows.
[0106] 1. Determine the Optimum Recording Condition
[0107] After stably detecting BCA, it is determined whether
recommended recording condition information can be used with a
value of rim intensity stably read in slice level detection. When
the determination is NG (No Good), it is necessary to carefully
determine the recording condition in a drive test zone, and
therefore, extension of the test zone and its position control
become necessary.
[0108] 2. Reproduction Circuit Setting Method
After stably detecting BCA, identification information of
H.fwdarw.L or L.fwdarw.H which is stably read in the slice level
detection is read at high speed, and optimal circuit adjustment
corresponding to PR (1,2,2,2,1) is performed by utilizing reference
codes.
[0109] 3. Ensure High Reliability at the Time of Reproduction of
User Recorded Information
[0110] After stably detecting BCA, system lead-in information is
reproduced by slice level detection, and thereafter, user recorded
information is reproduced by using PRML. Ensure reliability of
recorded information by alternative processing of a defective
position. Stabilization of a servo at the time of reproduction is
also important.
[0111] 4. Reduction of Access Time to a Recording (Rewrite or
Record) Place
Confirm the recording (rewrite or write) place by defect management
information
[0112] 5. Recording of a Stable and Highly Accurate Record Mark
Stable tracking and recording place confirmation are important.
Record at optimum speed based on recording speed information.
[0113] 6. Handle both of "L.fwdarw.H recording film" and
"H.fwdarw.L recording film", achieve commonality of a circuit and
realize simplification of control.
[0114] Hereinafter, detailed embodiments will be described.
[0115] In the following explanation of the embodiments, the
explanation corresponding to each of the points shown in FIG. 1 to
FIG. 4 is partially included. The corresponding parenthesized point
code is given to the part of the explanation corresponding to each
of the points shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4.
[0116] An explanatory diagram of a structure in an embodiment of
the information recording and reproducing apparatus is shown in
FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, an upper side from a control unit 143 mainly
shows an information record control system for an information
storage medium. An embodiment of the information reproducing
apparatus corresponds to a structure in FIG. 5 except for the
aforementioned information record control system. In FIG. 5, the
thick solid arrows indicate the flow of main information which
means a reproduction signal or a recording signal, the thin solid
arrows indicate the flow of information, the dashed line arrows
indicate reference clock lines, and the thin broken line arrows
indicate a command instruction direction.
[0117] An optical head not shown is disposed in an information
recording and reproducing unit 141 shown in FIG. 5. In this
embodiment, PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood) is used for
reproducing information, and density of an information storage
medium is enhanced (FIG. 1 [A]).
[0118] As a result of various experiments, as a PR class for use,
adoption of PR (1, 2, 2, 2, 1) can enhance line density and enhance
reliability of the reproduction signal (demodulation reliability at
the time of occurrence of a servo correction error such as blooming
and a track deviation, for example). Therefore, in this embodiment,
PR (1, 2, 2, 2, 1) is adopted ((A1) in FIG. 1).
[0119] In this embodiment, a channel bit string after modulation is
recorded in the information storage medium in accordance with (d,
k; m, n) modulation regulation (meaning RLL (d, k) of m/n
modulation). As a concrete modulation method, ETM (Eight to Twelve
Modulation) for converting 8-bit data into 12 channel bits (m=8,
n=12) is adopted, and as run-length limited RLL limitation for
limiting continuation of "0" in the channel bit string after
modulation, the condition of RLL (1, 10) in which the minimum value
of continuation of "0" is set as d=1 and the maximum value is set
as k=10 is imposed.
[0120] Aiming at densification of the information storage medium,
this embodiment shortens the channel bit interval near to the
limit. As a result, when the pattern of "101010101010101010101010"
which is the repetition of the pattern of d=1, for example, is
recorded in the information storage medium, and the data is
reproduced in the information recording and reproducing unit 141,
the density is close to the cutoff frequency of the MTF
characteristic of the reproducing optical system. Therefore, the
signal amplitude of the reproduction signal is in the state in
which it is almost buried in noise. Accordingly, as the method for
reproducing a record mark or pit with density enhanced near to the
limit (cutoff frequency) of the MTF characteristic, the art of PRML
(Partial Response Maximum Likelihood) is used.
[0121] Namely, a signal reproduced from the information recording
and reproducing unit 141 is subjected to reproduction waveform
correction by a PR equalizing circuit 130. The signal after passing
the PR equalizing circuit 130 is sampled and converted into a
digital amount in AD converter 169 in accordance with timing of a
reference clock 198 which is transmitted from a reference clock
generating circuit 160, and viterbi decoding processing is
performed for it in a viterbi decoder 156. The data after the
viterbi decoding processing can be processed in totally the same
manner as the binarized data at the conventional slice level.
[0122] When the art of PRML is adopted, an error rate of the data
after viterbi decoding increases if sampling timing is shifted in
the AD converter 169. Accordingly, in order to enhance accuracy of
the sampling timing, the information reproducing apparatus or the
information recording and reproducing apparatus of this embodiment
especially has a sampling timing extracting circuit (combination of
a Schmidt Trigger binary circuit 155 and a PLL circuit 174)
separately.
[0123] The Schmidt Trigger circuit 155 has the characteristic in
that a specific range (actually the forward voltage value of diode)
is given to the slice reference level for binarization, and
binarization is achieved only when the specific range is exceeded.
Accordingly, for example, when the pattern of
"101010101010101010101010" is inputted as described above, the
signal amplitude is so small that switching of binarization does
not occur, but when, for example, "1001001001001001001001" or the
like, which is a sparser pattern than the above, is inputted, the
amplitude of the reproduction signal becomes large, and therefore,
polarity switching of the binary signal occurs in accordance with
the timing of "1" in the Schmidt trigger binarization circuit
155.
[0124] A NRZI (Non Return to Zero Invert) method is adopted in this
embodiment, and the position of "1" of the above-described pattern
and the record mark or the edge portion (border portion) of a pit
agree to each other.
[0125] In the PLL circuit 174, deviations of the frequency and
phase between the binarized signal which is the output of this
Schmidt Trigger binarization circuit 155 and the signal of the
reference clock 198 transmitted from the reference clock generating
circuit 160 are detected, and the frequency and phase of the output
clock of the PLL circuit 174 are changed. In the reference clock
generating circuit 160, (frequency and phase of) the reference
clock 198 is fed back by using the output signal of the PLL circuit
174 and the decoding characteristic information of the viterbi
decoder 156 (information of the convergence length (distance to
convergence) in the pass metric memory in the viterbi decoder 156
which is not shown concretely) so that the error rate after viterbi
decoding becomes low. The reference clock 198 generated in this
reference clock generating circuit 160 is utilized as the reference
timing at the time of processing the reproduction signal.
[0126] A synchronous code position extracting unit 145 detects the
existence position of a synchronous code (sync code) mixed in the
output data string of the viterbi decoder 156, and has the function
of extracting the start position of the above described output
data. With this start position as a reference, demodulation
processing is performed in a demodulation circuit 152 for the
temporarily stored data in a shift register circuit 170. In this
embodiment, the data is converted into the original bit string with
reference to a conversion table recorded in a demodulating
conversion table recording unit 154 for every 12 channel bits.
Thereafter, error correction processing is performed by an ECC
decoding circuit 162, and descrambling is performed by a
descrambling circuit 159. In the recording type (rewriting or
recording) information storage medium, address information is
previously recorded by wobble modulation. This address information
is reproduced by wobble signal detection unit 135 (namely, the
content of the wobble signal is distinguished), and necessary
information for access to a desired place is supplied to the
control unit 143.
[0127] The information record control system existing at the upper
side from the control unit 143 will be explained. Data ID
information is generated from a Data ID generating unit 165 in
accordance with the recording position on the information storage
medium, and when copy control information is generated in a CPR_MAI
data generating unit 167, each kind of information of Data ID, IED,
CPR_MAI and EDC is added to the information to be recorded by a
Data ID, IED, CPR_MAI and EDC addition unit 168. Thereafter, the
information is descrambled in the descrambling circuit 157, after
which, the ECC block is constructed in an ECC encoding circuit 161.
After it is converted into a channel bit string in the modulation
circuit 151, the synchronous code is added in a synchronous code
generating/adding unit 146, and data is recorded in the information
storage medium in the information recording/reproducing unit 141.
At the time of modulation, a DSV (Digital Sum Value) value after
modulation is consecutively calculated in a DSV value calculating
unit 148, and is fed back to code conversion at the time of
modulation.
[0128] A detailed structure of a peripheral part including the
synchronous code position detecting unit 145 shown in FIG. 5 is
shown in FIG. 6. The synchronous code is constituted of a
synchronous position detecting code part having a fixed pattern and
a variable code part. The position of the synchronous position
detecting code part having the above described fixed pattern is
detected by a synchronous position detecting code detecting unit
182 from a channel bit string outputted from the viterbi decoder
156, and variable code transfer units 183 and 184 extract the data
of variable codes existing before and after it, and determines
which sync frame in a sector described below the synchronous code
detected by an identifying unit 185, which is for a sync frame
position identifying code content, is located. The user information
recorded on the information storage medium is sequentially
transferred to a shift register circuit 170, a demodulation
processing unit 188 in the demodulation circuit 152, and the ECC
decoding circuit 162 in this order.
[0129] In the embodiment of the present invention, densification
(linear density is especially enhanced) of the information storage
medium is achieved by using PRML for reproduction in a data area, a
data lead-in area and a data lead-out area as shown in [A] in FIG.
1, and compatibility with a current DVD is secured and stability of
reproduction is secured by using a slice level detection method for
reproduction in a system lead-in area and a system lead-out area as
shown in [B] in FIG. 1.
[0130] An example of a signal reproducing circuit using the slice
level detection method which is used at the time of reproduction in
the system lead-in area and the system lead-out area is shown in
FIG. 7. A quadrant optical detector in FIG. 7 is fixed in an
optical head existing in the information recording and reproducing
unit 141 in FIG. 5. A signal which takes the sum total of a
detection signal capable of being obtained from each optical
detection cell of the quadrant optical detector is called a lead
channel 1 signal here. A preamp to a slicer in FIG. 7 means the
detailed structure in the slice level detection circuit 132 in FIG.
5. A reproduction signal obtained from the information storage
medium passes through a high pass filter which cuts off lower
frequency components than the reproduction signal frequency band,
and thereafter, is subjected to waveform equalizing processing by a
pre-equalizer. According to the experiment, it is found out that as
for this pre-equalizer, by using a 7-tap equalizer, the
reproduction signal can be detected with the smallest circuit scale
and high accuracy, and therefore, the 7-tap equalizer is also used
in this embodiment. A VFO circuit and PLL part in FIG. 7 correspond
to a PLL circuit in FIG. 5, and a demodulation circuit and an ECC
decoding circuit in FIG. 7 correspond to the demodulation circuit
152 and the ECC decoding circuit 162 in FIG. 5.
[0131] A detailed structure in the slicer circuit in FIG. 7 is
shown in FIG. 8. A binarization signal after slicing is generated
by using a comparator. In this embodiment, a low pass filter output
signal is set at a slice level at the time of binarization for the
inversion signal of binary data after binarization by using the
duty feedback method. The cutoff frequency of the low pass filter
is set at 5 kHz in this embodiment. If this cutoff frequency is
high, the slice level varies early and therefore, the influence of
noise is easily given, and if the cutoff frequency is low on the
other hand, response of the slice level is late, and therefore, the
influence of dust and flaw on the information storage medium is
easily given. The cutoff frequency is set at 5 kHz in consideration
of the relationship between the aforementioned RLL (1, 10) and the
reference frequency of the channel bit.
[0132] A signal processing circuit using the PRML detection method
which is used for signal reproduction in the data area, the data
lead-in area and the data lead-out area is shown in FIG. 9. A
quadrant optical detector in FIG. 9 is fixed in the optical head
existing in the information recording and reproducing unit 141 in
FIG. 5. The signal taking the total sum of the detection signal
obtained from each of optical detection cells of the quadrant
optical detector is called a lead channel 1 signal here.
[0133] A detailed structure in the PR equalizing circuit 130 in
FIG. 5 is constituted by each circuit from a preamp circuit to a
tap controller, equalizer, and an offset canceller in FIG. 9. A PLL
circuit in FIG. 9 is a part of the inside of the PR equalizing
circuit 130 in FIG. 5, and means a different thing from the Schmidt
Trigger binarization circuit 155 in FIG. 5.
[0134] The primary cutoff frequency of a bypass filter circuit in
FIG. 9 is set at 1 kHz. The pre-equalizer circuit uses a 7-tap
equalizer as in FIG. 7 (use of 7-tap makes it possible to detect
the reproduction signal with the smallest circuit scale and high
accuracy).
[0135] Sample clock frequency of an A/D converter circuit is 72
MHz, and digital is set at 8-bit output. If the influence of the
level variation (DC offset) of the entire reproduction signal is
exerted in the PRML detecting method, an error easily occurs at the
time of viterbi demodulation. The structure is designed to correct
offset by the offset canceller by using a signal obtained from the
output of the equalizer in order to remove the influence. In the
example shown in FIG. 9, adaptive equalization processing is
performed in the PR equalizing circuit 130. Therefore, a tap
controller for automatically correcting each tap coefficient in the
equalizer by utilizing the output signal of the viterbi decoder 156
is used.
[0136] The structure in the viterbi decoder 156 shown in FIG. 5 or
FIG. 9 is shown in FIG. 10. The branch metrics for all the branches
which can be estimated for the input signal are calculated in the
branch metric calculating part, and the value is sent to the ACS.
The ACS is the abbreviated name of Add Compare Select, which
calculates the pass metric which can be obtained by adding the
branch metric corresponding to each pass which can be estimated in
the ACS, and transfers the calculated result to a pass metric
memory. At this time, calculation processing is performed with
reference to the information in the pass metric memory in the ACS.
Each pass (transition) situation which can be estimated and the
value of pass metric calculated in the ACS corresponding to each
pass are temporarily stored in the pass memory. The pass metric
corresponding to each pass is compared in the output switching
part, and the pass of which pass metric value is minimum is
selected.
[0137] The state transition in the PR (1, 2, 2, 2, 1) class in the
embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 11. As for the
transition of the state which can be taken in the PR (1, 2, 2, 2,
1) class, only the transition shown in FIG. 11 is possible, and the
pass which is capable of existing (being estimated) at the time of
decoding is determined based on the transition diagram of FIG. 11
in the viterbi decoder 156.
[0138] FIG. 13 shows a structure and a dimension of the information
storage medium in the embodiment of the present invention. As
examples, the following three kinds of information storage medium
can be cited. [0139] "Reproduction-only information storage medium"
only for reproduction and incapable of recording [0140] "Recordable
information storage medium" capable of recording only once [0141]
"Rewritable information storage medium" capable of rewriting any
number of times.
[0142] As shown in FIG. 13, most of the structures and dimensions
are made common in the above described three kinds of information
storage media. In any of three kinds of information storage media,
a burst cutting area BCA, a system lead-in area SYLDI, a connection
area CNA, a data lead-in area DTLDI, and a data area DTA are
disposed from an inner peripheral side.
[0143] Data lead-out areas DTLDO are disposed in outer peripheral
parts in all media except for the OPT type reproduction-only
medium. A middle area MDA is disposed at the peripheral part in the
OPT type reproduction-only medium as will described later.
[0144] Information is recorded in a shape of emboss (prepit) in the
system lead-in area SYLDI, and in any of recordable and rewritable
types, this area is for reproduction-only (non-recordable). In the
reproduction-only information storage medium, information is also
recorded in the shape of emboss (prepit) in the data lead-in area
DTLDI. On the other hand, in the recordable and rewritable
information storage media, the data lead-in area DTLDI becomes an
area in which new information by record mark formation is
recordable (rewritable in the rewritable type).
[0145] As will be described later, in the recordable and rewritable
information storage media, in the data lead-out area DTLDO, the
area in which the new information is recordable (rewritable in the
rewritable type), and a reproduction-only area in which information
is recorded in the shape of emboss (prepit) exist mixedly.
[0146] As described above, in the data area DTA, the data lead-in
area DTLDI, the data lead-out area DTLDO and the middle area MDA
shown in FIG. 13, densification (line density is especially
enhanced) of the information storage medium is achieved by using
PRML for reproduction of the signal recorded therein ([A] in FIG.
1), and in the system lead-in area SYLDI and the system lead-out
area SYLDO, compatibility with the current DVD is secured and
stabilization of reproduction is secured by using the slice level
detecting method for reproduction of the signal recorded therein
([B] in FIG. 1).
[0147] Unlike the current DVD standard, in the embodiment shown in
FIG. 13, the burst cutting area BCA and the system lead-in area
SYLDI do not overlap each other, but are positionally separated
((B2) in FIG. 1). By physically separating both of them,
interference between the information recorded in the system lead-in
area SYLDI at the time of information reproduction and the
information recorded in the burst cutting area BCA is prevented,
and therefore, information reproduction with high precision can be
ensured.
[0148] As another embodiment with respect to the embodiment shown
in (B2) in the above described FIG. 1, there is a method of
previously forming microscopic recessed and projecting shapes in
the disposition place of the burst cutting area BCA when the
"L.fwdarw.H" type recording film is used, as shown in (B3) in FIG.
1. In the embodiment of the present invention, the explanation that
not only the conventional H.fwdarw.L type recording film but also
the L.fwdarw.H type recording film is incorporated in the standard
and the selection range of the recording film is enlarged to make
it possible to record at high speed and supply a medium at low
price ((G2) in FIG. 1) will be made in the part where the
explanation concerning the polarity (discrimination of whether
H.fwdarw.L or L.fwdarw.H) information of the record mark existing
at the 192nd byte in FIG. 28 is performed later. As will be
described later, in the embodiment of the present invention, the
case where the "L.fwdarw.H" type recording film is used is also
considered.
[0149] The data (bar code data) to be recorded in the burst cutting
area BCA is recorded by locally exposing the recording film to
laser. As shown in FIG. 21, the system lead-in area SYLDI is formed
in an embossed pit area 211, and therefore, a reproduction signal
from the system lead-in area SYLDI tends to decrease in light
reflection amount as compared with a light reflection level from a
mirror surface 210. If the burst cutting area BCA is brought into
the mirror surface state similarly to the mirror surface 210, and
the L.fwdarw.H type recording film is used, the reproduction signal
from the data recorded in the burst cutting area BCA tends to
increase more in light reflection amount than the light reflection
level from the mirror surface 210 (of the unrecorded state). As a
result, a large difference occurs between the positions of the
maximum level and minimum level (amplitude level) of the
reproduction signal from the data formed in the burst cutting area
BCA, and the positions of the maximum level and the minimum level
(amplitude level) of the reproducing signal from the system lead-in
area SYLDI.
[0150] As will be described later in the explanation of FIG. 21
(and ((B4) in FIG. 1), the information reproducing apparatus or the
information recording and reproducing apparatus perform processing
in the sequence of the following (1) to (5). This processing
content will be shown in FIG. 14.
[0151] "(1) Reproduce information in the burst cutting area
BCA"
[0152] .fwdarw."(2) Reproduce information in an information data
zone CDZ in the system lead-in area SYLDI"
[0153] .fwdarw."(3) Reproduce information in the data lead-in area
DTLDI (in the case of recordable or rewritable type)"
[0154] .fwdarw."(4) Readjust (optimize) a reproduction circuit
constant in a reference code recording zone RCZ"
[0155] .fwdarw."(5) Reproduce information recorded in the data area
DTA or record new information"
[0156] Therefore, if there is a large difference between the
amplitude level of the reproduction signal from the data formed in
the burst cutting area BCA and the amplitude level of the
reproduction signal from the system lead-in area SYLDI, there
arises the problem of reducing reliability of information
reproduction. In order to solve the problem, this embodiment has
the characteristic that the microscopic recessed and projecting
shapes are previously formed in this burst cutting area BCA when
the "L.fwdarw.H" type recording film is used for the recording film
((B3) in FIG. 1).
[0157] By previously forming the microscopic recessed and
projecting shapes, the light reflection level becomes lower than
the light reflection level from the mirror surface 210 due to
optical interference effect at the stage before the data (bar code
data) is recorded by local laser exposure, and the difference
between the amplitude level of the reproduction signal (detection
level) from the data formed in the burst cutting area BCA and the
amplitude level of the reproduction signal (detection level) from
the system lead-in area SYLDI reduces to a large extent. As a
result, reliability of information reproduction is enhanced, and
the effect that the processing when shifting from the above
described (1) to (2) becomes easy.
[0158] In the case of using the "L.fwdarw.H" type recording film,
there is the method of adopting the embossed pit area 211 as in the
system lead-in area SYLDI as a concrete content of the microscopic
recessed and projecting shapes previously formed in the burst
cutting area BCA. As the other examples, there is the method of
adopting a groove area 214, or a land area and groove area 213 as
in the data lead-in area DTLDI and the DATA area DTA.
[0159] As explained in the embodiment ((B2) in FIG. 1) in which the
system lead-in area SYLDI and the burst cutting area BCA are
separately disposed, if the inside of the burst cutting area BCA
and the embossed pit area 211 overlap each other, the noise
component of the reproduction signal from the data formed in the
burst cutting area BCA increases due to unnecessary
interference.
[0160] As an example of the microscopic recessed and projecting
shapes in the burst cutting area BCA, it is considered to form the
microscopic recessed and projecting shapes in the groove area 214
or the land area and groove area 213 instead of forming it in the
emboss bit area 211. As a result, the noise component of the
reproduction signal from the data formed in the burst cutting area
BCA due to unnecessary interference decreases, and quality of the
reproduction signal is enhanced.
[0161] If the track pitch of the groove area 214 or the land area
and groove area 213 formed in the burst cutting area BCA is
conformed to the track pitch of the system lead-in area SYLDI,
manufacturability of the information storage medium is enhanced.
Namely, at the time of producing a master of the information
storage medium, the embossed pit in the system lead-in area is
produced with the feeding motor speed of the aligner part of the
master recording apparatus made constant. At this time, the track
pitch of the groove area 214 or the land area and groove area 213
formed in the burst cutting area BCA is conformed to the track
pitch of the embossed pit in the system lead-in area SYLDI, and
thereby, the motor speed can be kept constant continuously in the
burst cutting area BCA and the system lead-in area SYLDI.
Therefore, it is not necessary to change the speed of the feeding
motor in mid course, and therefore, variation in pitch hardly
occurs, thus enhancing manufacturability of the information storage
medium.
[0162] In all of the above-described three kinds of information
storage media, the minimum management unit of the information to be
recorded in the information storing media is a sector unit of 2048
bytes. A physical address of the above described sector unit of
2048 bytes is defined as a physical sector number. A setting method
of the physical sector number in the recordable information storage
medium and the reproduction-only information storage medium having
single-layer structure is shown in FIG. 15. The physical sector
number is not given to the inside of the burst cutting area BCA and
the connection area CNA, but the physical sector numbers are set
for the system lead-in area SYLDI, the data area DTA and the data
lead-out area DTLDO in ascending order from the inner
circumference. The physical sector numbers are set so that the
final physical sector number of the system lead-in area SYLDI
becomes "026AFFh", and the physical sector number at the start
position of the data area DTA becomes "030000h".
[0163] There are two kinds of physical sector number setting
methods of the reproduction-only information storage media each
having a double-layer structure as shown in FIGS. 16A to 16B. One
is parallel placement (Parallel Track Path) PTP shown in FIG. 16A,
and has the structure in which the physical number setting method
shown in FIG. 15 is applied to both the two layers. The other
method is opposite placement (Opposite Track Path) OPT shown in
FIG. 16B, in which the physical sector number is set from the inner
circumference to the outer circumference in ascending order in the
layer at the front (Layer 0) and the physical sector number is set
from the outer circumference to the inner circumference in
ascending order in the layer at the back side (layer 1) on the
other hand. In the case of the placement of OPT, a middle area MDA,
a data lead-out area DTLDO and a system lead-out area SYLDO are
disposed.
[0164] A physical sector number setting method in the rewritable
information storage medium is shown in FIG. 17.
[0165] In FIG. 17, Zone, Nominal radius (mm), Number of Physical
segment per track, Number of tracks, Start Physical sector number
(hex value) and End Physical sector number (hex value) in each of
Land and Groove are shown with respect to each of System Lead-in
area, Connection area, Data Lead-in area, Data area and Data
Lead-out area.
[0166] In the rewritable information storage medium, the physical
sector numbers are respectively set for the land area and groove
area. The rewritable information storage medium has the structure
in which the data area DTA is divided into 19 zones.
[0167] FIG. 18 shows each parameter value of this embodiment in the
reproduction-only information storage medium, FIG. 19 shows each
parameter value of this embodiment in the recordable information
storage medium, and FIG. 20 shows each parameter value of this
embodiment in the rewrite-only information storage medium.
[0168] As is understood from comparison of FIG. 18 or FIG. 19 and
FIG. 20 (especially the comparison of the part (B)), the
rewrite-only information storage medium is enhanced in recording
capacity by closing up the track pitch and line density (data bit
length) with respect to the reproduction-only or the write-only
information storage medium. As will be described later, in the
rewrite-only information storage medium, the influence of crosstalk
of the adjacent tracks is reduced to close up the track pitch by
adopting the land groove record.
[0169] All of the reproduction-only information storage medium, the
recordable information storage medium and rewritable information
storage medium have the characteristic that the data bit length and
track pitch (corresponding to the record density) of the system
lead-in/out areas SYLDI/SYLDO are made larger than the data
lead-in/out areas DTLDI/DTLDO ((B1) in FIG. 1). Compatibility with
the current DVD is secured by making the data bit length and track
pitch of the system lead-in/out areas SYLDI/SYLDO close to the
value of the lead-in area of the current DVD.
[0170] In the embodiment of the present invention, as in the
current DVD-R, a level difference of embossing of the system
lead-in/out areas SYLDI/SYLDO of the recordable information storage
medium is set to be small. This brings about the effect that the
depth of the pre-groove of the recordable information storage
medium is made small, and the reproduction signal modulation degree
from the record mark formed on the pre-groove by recording is made
high. On the other hand, as the reaction, there arises the problem
that the modulation degree of the reproduction signal from the
system lead-in/out areas SYLDI/SYLDO becomes low. For this, the
data bit length (and track pitch) of the system lead-in/out areas
SYLDI/SYLDO is made large, and thereby, the repetitive frequency of
pits and spaces at the closest position is kept apart from the
optical cutoff frequency of the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function)
of the objective lens for reproduction (is made significantly
small). As a result, the amplitude of the reproduction signal from
the system lead-in/out areas SYLDI/SYLDO is increased, and
stabilization of reproduction can be realized.
[0171] Comparison of the detailed data in the system lead-in SYLDI
and the data lead-in DTLDI in various kinds of information storage
media is shown in FIG. 21. (a) in FIG. 21 shows the data structure
of the reproduction-only information storing medium, (b) in FIG. 21
shows the data structure of the rewritable information storage
medium, and (c) in FIG. 21 shows the data structure of the
recordable information storage medium.
[0172] As shown in (a) of FIG. 21, except that only the connection
zone CNZ is the mirror surface 210, the insides of all the system
lead-in area SYLDI, data lead-in area DTLDI and the data area DTA
are the embossed pit area 211 where embossed pits are formed, in
the reproduction-only information storage medium.
[0173] The part where the inside of the system lead-in area SYLDI
is the embossed pit area 211, and the connection zone CNZ has the
mirror surface 210 is common. As shown in (b) of FIG. 21, in the
rewritable information storage medium, the land area and groove
area 213 are formed in the data lead-in area DTLDI and the data
area DTA, and in the recordable information storage medium, the
groove area 214 is formed in the data lead-in area DTLDI and the
data area DTA. Information is recorded by forming the record mark
in the land area and the groove area 213 or the groove area
214.
[0174] An initial zone INZ indicates the start position of the
system lead-in SYLDI. As semantic information recorded in the
initial zone INZ, data ID (Identification Data) information
including the above described physical sector number or logical
sector number is discretely disposed. Information of the data frame
structure constituted of data ID, IED (ID Error Detection code),
main data recording user information, and EDC (Error Detection
Code) is recorded in one physical sector as will be described
later, and information of the above-described data frame structure
is also recorded in the initial zone INZ. However, all the
information of the main data recording user information is all set
at "00h" in the initial zone INZ, and therefore, the semantic
information in the initial zone INZ is only the above described
data ID information. The position of the present head can be known
from the information of the physical sector number or the logical
sector number recorded in this data ID information. Namely, on
starting information reproduction from the information storage
medium in the information recording and reproducing unit 141 in
FIG. 5, when reproduction is started from the information in the
initial zone INZ, the information of the physical sector number or
the logical sector number recorded in the data ID information is
extracted first. While the present position in the information
storage medium is being confirmed, shift to a control data zone CDZ
is made.
[0175] Buffer zones 1 and 2, BFZ1 and BFZ2 are each constituted of
32 ECC blocks. As shown in FIG. 18 to FIG. 20, one ECC block is
constituted of 32 physical sectors, and therefore, 32 ECC blocks
correspond to 1024 physical sectors. In the buffer zones 1 and 2,
BFZ1 and BFZ2, the information of the main data is all set at "00h"
as in the initial zone INZ.
[0176] The connection zone CNZ which exists in the connection area
(Connection Area) CNA is the area for physically separating the
system lead-in area SYLDI and the data lead-in area DTLDI, and this
area becomes the mirror surface where any embossed pit or
pre-groove does not exist.
[0177] A reference code recording zone (Reference code zone) RCZ of
the reproduction-only information storage medium and the recordable
information storage medium is the area used for adjusting the
reproduction circuit of the reproduction apparatus (for example,
for automatic adjustment of each tap coefficient value at the time
of adaptive equalization performed in the tap controller in FIG.
9), and the information of the aforementioned data frame structure
is recorded therein. The length of the reference code is the same
as one ECC block (=32 sectors).
[0178] It is the characteristic of this embodiment that reference
code recording zones (Reference code zones) RCZ of the
reproduction-only information storage medium and the recordable
information storage medium are disposed adjacently to the data
areas (Data Areas) DTA ((A2) in FIG. 1). In any of the structures
of the current DVD-ROM disc and current DVD-R disc, a control data
zone is disposed between the reference code recording zone
(Reference code zone) and the data area (Data Area), and the
reference code recording zone and the data area are spaced from
each other. If the reference code recording zone and the data area
are spaced from each other, an inclination amount and optical
reflectivity of the information storage medium, or (in the case of
the recordable information storage medium), the recording
sensitivity of the recording film changes a little, and there
arises the problem that even if the circuit constant of the
reproducing apparatus is adjusted at the reference code recording
zone, the optimal circuit constant in the data area is shifted.
[0179] In order to solve the above described problem, the reference
code recording zone (Reference code zone) RCZ is disposed
adjacently to the data area (Data Area) DTA. As a result, when the
circuit constant of the information reproducing apparatus is
optimized in the reference code recording zone (Reference code
zone), the optimized state is also kept at the same circuit
constant in the adjacent data area (Data Area) DTA.
[0180] When a signal is desired to be reproduced with high accuracy
at the optional place in the data area (Data Area) DTA, it is
preferable to pass the following steps (1) to (4). As a result,
signal reproduction at the target position becomes possible with
extremely high accuracy.
(1) Optimize the circuit constant of the information reproducing
apparatus in the reference code recording zone (Reference code
zone) RCZ.
(2) Optimize the circuit constant of the information reproducing
apparatus again while reproducing the nearest portion to the
reference code recording zone RCZ in the data area DTA.
(3) Optimize the circuit constant once again while reproducing
information at an intermediate position between the target position
in the data area DTA and the optimized position in (2).
(4) Move to the target position and reproduce a signal.
[0181] Guard track zones 1 and 2, GTZ1 and GTZ2 existing in the
recordable information storage medium and the rewritable
information storage medium are the area for defining the start
border position of the data lead-in area DTLDI and the border
position of a disc test zone DKTZ and a drive test zone DRTZ. This
area is defined as the area where recording by the record mark
formation must not be performed. The guard track zones 1 and 2,
GTZI and GTZ2 exist in the data lead-in area DTLDI. Therefore, in
this area, the pre-groove area is previously formed in the
recordable information storage medium and the groove area and the
land area are previously formed in the rewritable information
storage medium. The wobble addresses are previously recorded in the
pre-groove area or the groove are and the land area as shown in
FIG. 18 to FIG. 20, and therefore, the current position in the
information storage medium can be determined by using the wobble
addresses.
[0182] The disk test zone DKTZ is the area which is set for
performing quality test (evaluation) by the manufacturer of the
information recording medium.
[0183] The drive test zone DRTZ is secured as the area for test
writing before the information recording and reproducing apparatus
records information into the information storage medium. The
information recording and reproducing apparatus previously performs
test writing in this area, and after determining the optimal
recording condition (write strategy), it can record information in
the data area DTA under the optimal recording condition.
[0184] A disc identification zone DIZ existing inside the
rewritable information recording medium ((b) in FIG. 21) is the
optional information recording area, and a recordable area for each
set with the manufacturer name information of the recording and
reproducing apparatus and the related added information and Drive
description constituted of the area where the manufacturer can
record uniquely as one set.
[0185] Defect management areas 1 and 2, DMA 1 and 2 existing inside
the rewritable information storage medium ((b) in FIG. 21) are the
place where defect management information inside the data area DTA
is recorded, and spare spot information or the like when a defect
spot occurs, for example, is recorded.
[0186] A data structure in a recording position management zone RMZ
existing in the recordable information storage medium ((c) in FIG.
21) is shown in FIG. 22. (a) in FIG. 22 shows the same thing in (c)
in FIG. 21, and enlarged diagram of the recording position
management zone RMZ in (c) in FIG. 21 is shown in (b) in FIG.
22.
[0187] In the recording position management zone RMZ, the data
regarding the recording position management is collectively
recorded in one recording position management data (Recording
Management Data), and each time the content of the recording
management data RMD is updated, new recording management data RMD
is recorded at the rear side in sequence as a new recording
management data RMD. Namely, the recording position management data
(Recording Management Data) RMD is recorded in the size unit of one
physical segment block (the physical segment block will be
explained later), and is recorded at the rear in sequence as a new
recording management data RMD each time the data content is
updated.
[0188] The example of (b) in FIG. 22 shows the example in which the
recording management data RMD #1 is recorded first, but the
management data is changed, and the data after the change (after
updated) is recorded immediately after the recording management
data RMD #1 as recording management data RMD #2.
[0189] Accordingly, an unrecorded area 206 exists in the recording
management data RMZ so that further recording is possible. The
concrete information content in the recording management data RMD
will be described later by using FIG. 30 to FIG. 32. The
information content of an R physical information zone RIZ shown in
(c) of FIG. 21 will be also explained in detail later in the
explanation of FIG. 27 to FIG. 29.
[0190] The characteristics of this embodiment lies in that as shown
in FIG. 21, in each of the reproduction-only, recordable, and
rewritable information storing media, the system lead-in area is
disposed at the opposite side of the data area with the data
lead-in area therebetween ((B4) of FIG. 1) and as shown in FIG. 13,
the burst cutting area BCA and the data lead-in area DTLDI are
disposed at the opposite sides with the system lead-in area SYLDI
therebetween.
[0191] When the information storage medium is inserted into the
information reproducing apparatus or the information recording and
reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 5, the information reproducing
apparatus or the information recording and reproducing apparatus
perform processing in the order of the following (1) to (5). This
processing content is shown in the above described FIG. 14.
(1) Reproduce information in the burst cutting area BCA
(2) Reproduce information in an information data zone CDZ in the
system lead-in area SYLDI
(3) Reproduce information in the data lead-in area DTLDI (in the
case of recordable type or rewritable type)
(4) Readjust (optimize) a reproduction circuit constant in a
reference code recording zone RCZ
(5) Reproduce information recorded in the data area DTA or record
new information
[0192] As shown in FIG. 21, information is disposed in order from
the inner circumferential side along the sequence of the above
described processing, and therefore, unnecessary access processing
to the inner circumference is not required. Accordingly, it is
possible to reach the data area DTA with the number of accesses
reduced, and therefore, there is provided the effect of advancing
the start time of reproduction of the information recorded in the
data area DTA or recording of new information. The slice level
detection method is utilized for signal reproduction in the system
lead-in area SYLDI (FIG. 1 [B]), and PRML is used for signal
reproduction in the data lead-in area DTLDI and the data area DTA
(FIG. 1 [A]). Therefore, when the data lead-in area DTLDI and the
data area DTA are made to adjoin each other, and reproduction is
performed in order from the inner circumferential side, stable
signal reproduction is continuously possible by only switching from
the slice level detection circuit to the PRML detection circuit
only once between the system lead-in area SYLDI and the data
lead-in area DTLDI. Therefore, since the number of switching times
of reproduction circuit following the reproducing steps is small,
the processing control is simplified and time required for starting
reproduction in the data area becomes short.
[0193] Comparison of the data structures in the data area DTA and
the data lead-out area DTLDO in various kinds of information
storing media is shown in FIG. 23. In FIG. 23, (a) shows the data
structure of the reproduction-only information storage medium, (b)
and (c) show the data structures of the rewritable information
storage medium, and (d) to (f) show the data structures of the
recordable information storage medium. (b) and (d) especially show
the data structure at the initial time (before recording), and (c),
(e) and (f) show the data structures in the state in which
recording (record or rewrite) advances to some extent.
[0194] As shown in (a) in FIG. 23, the data recorded in the data
lead-out area DTLDO and the system lead-out area SYLDO have the
data frame structures (the data frame structure will be described
later) as the buffer zones 1, 2 BFZ1 and 2 in FIG. 21, and all the
values of the main data in them are set at "00h". In the
reproduction-only information storage medium, all the area in the
data area DTA can be used as the prerecorded area 201 of the user
data. As will be described later, in all embodiments of the
recordable information storage medium and the rewritable
information storage medium, the rewritable/recordable ranges 202 to
205 of the user data are smaller than the data area DTA.
[0195] In the recordable information storage medium or the
rewritable information storage medium, a spare area (Spare Area)
SPA is provided in the innermost circumferential part of the data
area DTA. When a defective place occurs in the data area DTA,
replacement processing is performed by using the above described
spare area SPA, and in the case of the rewritable information
storage medium, its replacement history information (defect
management information) is recorded in the defective management
areas 1 and 2 (DMA1, 2) in (b) of FIG. 21, and defect management
areas 3 and 4 (DMA3, 4) in (b) and (c) of FIG. 23. Defect
management information recorded in the defect management areas 3
and 4 (DMA3, 4) in (b) and (c) of FIG. 23 have the same content as
the information recorded in the defect management areas 1 and 2
(DMA1, 2) in (b) of FIG. 21.
[0196] In the case of the recordable information storage medium,
the replacement history information (defect management information)
in the case where replacement processing is performed is recorded
in copy information C_RMZ which is the record content in the
recording position management zone existing in the data lead-in
area DTLDI shown in (c) in FIG. 21 and in a border zone which will
be described later. Defect management is not performed in the
current DVD-R disc. Therefore, as the number of manufactured DVD-R
discs increases, the DVD-R discs having defective spots in part
come to appear, and the demand for enhancement in reliability of
information recorded in the recordable information storage media is
growing.
[0197] In the example shown in FIG. 23, the spare area SPA is also
set for the recordable information storage medium to make defect
management by replacement processing possible (FIG. 1 [C]). As a
result, it becomes possible to enhance reliability of recorded
information by also performing defect management processing for the
recordable information storage medium having a defective spot in
part. In the rewritable information storage medium or the
recordable information storage medium, the information recording
and reproducing apparatus determines on the user side when many
defects occur, whereby the spare place can be enlarged by
automatically setting the extended spares area (Extended Spare
Area) ESPA, ESPA1 and ESPA2 for the state immediately after selling
to the user shown in (b) and (d) in FIG. 23.
[0198] The extended spare areas ESPA, ESPA1 and ESPA2 are made
settable in this manner, and thereby, the media having a number of
defects for the reason of manufacture can be on sale. As a result,
manufacturing yield is enhanced, thus making it possible to reduce
the cost of the media.
[0199] When the extended spare areas ESPA, ESPA1 and ESPA2 are
additionally provided in the data area DTA as shown in (c), (e) and
(f) in FIG. 23, the rewritable or recordable ranges 203 and 205 of
the user data decrease, and it is necessary to manage the position
information. In the rewritable information storage medium, its
information is recorded in the defect management areas 1 to 4 (DMA1
to 4) and a control data zone CDZ as will be described. In the case
of recordable information storage medium, its information is
recorded in the data lead-in area DTLDI and a recording management
zone RMZ existing in a border out BRDO as will be described later.
As will be described later, its information is recorded in
recording position management data (Recording Management Data) RMD
in the recording position management zone RMZ. The recording
management data RMD is updated and recorded in the recording
management zone RMZ each time the management data content is
updated, and therefore, even if the extended spare area is reset
many times (the example in (e) of FIG. 23 shows the state in which
the extended spare area 1 EAPA1 is set, even after all the extended
spare area is used up, there is so many defects that it is
necessary to set another spare area, and therefore, extended spare
area 2 ESPA2 is further set at a later date), it is possible to
update and manage the data timely ((C1) in FIG. 23).
[0200] Guard track zones 3 (GTZ3) shown in (b) and (c) in FIG. 23
are disposed for separation between a defect management area 4
(DMA4) and a drive test zone DRTZ, and a guard track zone GTZ4 is
disposed for separation between a disc test zone DKTZ and a servo
calibration zone (Servo Calibration Zone) SCZ. The guard track
zones 3 and 4 (GTZ 3, 4) are defined as the area in which recording
by formation of the record marks must not be performed as in the
guard track zones 1 and 2 (GTZ1 and 2) shown in FIG. 21. Since the
guard track zones 3 and 4 (GTZ3, GTZ4) exist inside the data
lead-out area DTLDO, in this area, a pre-groove area is previously
formed in the recordable information storage medium, and a groove
area and a land area are previously formed in the rewritable
information storage medium. The wobble addresses are previously
recorded in the pre-groove area, the groove area and the land area,
as shown in FIG. 18 to FIG. 20, and therefore, the current position
in the information storage medium is determined by using the wobble
addresses.
[0201] The drive test zone DRTZ is secured as the area for test
writing before the information recording and reproducing apparatus
records information into the information storage medium as in FIG.
21. The information recording and reproducing apparatus previously
performs test writing in this area, and after determining the
optimum recording condition (write strategy), information can be
recorded in the data area DTA with the optimum write strategy.
[0202] The disc test zone DKTZ is the area for the manufacturer of
the information storage medium to perform a quality test
(evaluation) as in FIG. 21.
[0203] In all the areas in the data lead-out areas DTLDO except for
servo calibration zones (Servo Calibration Zone) SCZ, the
pre-groove area is previously formed in the recordable information
storage medium, the groove area and the land area are previously
formed in the rewritable information storage medium, and it is made
possible to record the record mark (record or rewrite).
[0204] As shown in (c) and (e) in FIG. 23, the inside of the servo
calibration zone (Servo Calibration Zone) SCZ is the embossed pit
area 211 as in the system lead-in area SYLDI instead of the
pre-groove area 214, or the land area and groove area 213 (FIG. 1
[D]). In this zone, a continuous track by the embossed pit is
formed, continuing from the other areas of the data lead-out area
DTLDO. This track consecutively continues in a spiral form, extends
over 360 degrees along the circumference of the information storage
medium to form the embossed pit.
[0205] This zone is provided to detect the inclination amount of
the information storage medium by using a DPD (Differential Phase
Detect) method. When the information storage medium inclines,
offset occurs to the amplitude of the track deviation detection
signal using the DPD method. At this time, it becomes possible to
detect the inclination amount by the offset amount and detect the
inclination direction by the offset direction with high accuracy.
By utilizing this principle, the embossed pit by which the DPD
detection can be performed is previously formed at the outermost
peripheral portion (the peripheral portion in the data lead-out
area DTLDO) of the information storage medium, whereby inclination
detection at low cost with high accuracy is made possible without
adding a special component (for inclination detection) to the
optical head existing inside the information recording and
reproducing unit 141 in FIG. 5. By further detecting the
inclination amount of this outer circumferential portion,
stabilization of the servo (by inclination amount correction) can
be also realized in the data area DTA.
[0206] In this embodiment, the track pitch in this servo
calibration zone SCZ is conformed to those in the other zones in
the data lead-out area DTLDO (FIG. 1 (D1)). As a result,
manufacturability of the information storage medium is enhanced,
and reduction in cost of the medium by enhancement of yield is made
possible. Namely, in the recordable information storage medium,
pre-groove is formed in the other zones in the data lead-out area
DTLDO. At the time of manufacturing the master of the recordable
information storage medium, the pre-groove is made by making the
speed of the feeding motor of the aligner part of the master
recording apparatus constant. At this time, by conforming the track
pitch in the servo calibration zone SCZ to those in the other zones
in the data lead-out area DTLDO, the feeding motor speed can be
also continuously kept constant in the servo calibration zone SCZ.
Therefore, a pitch variation hardly occurs, and manufacturability
of the information storage medium is enhanced.
[0207] As another example, there is the method of conforming at
least either the track pitch or the data bit length in the servo
calibration area SCZ to the track pitch or the data bit length of
the system lead-in area SYLDI (FIG. 1 (D2)).
[0208] Measuring the inclination amount and the inclination
direction in the servo calibration area SCZ by using the DPD method
and realizing servo stabilization in the data area DTA by utilizing
the result in the data area DTA are described above. As the method
for estimating the inclination amount in the data area DTA at this
time, it is considered to previously measure the inclination amount
and its direction in the system lead-in area SYLDI by the same DPD
method and estimate the inclination amount by utilizing the
relationship with the measurement result in the servo calibration
zone SCZ.
[0209] In the case of using the DPD method, the offset amount of
the detection signal amplitude with respect to the inclination of
the information storage medium and the direction in which the
offset comes out change dependently on the track pitch and the data
bit length of the embossed pitch. Accordingly, it is considered to
conform at least either the track pitch or the data bit length in
the servo calibration zone SCZ to the track pitch or the data bit
length of the system lead-in area SYLDI. In this manner, the
detection characteristics concerning the offset amounts of the
detection signal amplitude and the directions in which the offset
comes out can be conformed to each other in the servo calibration
area SCZ and the system lead-in area SYLDI. As a result, there
arises the effect of making it easy to obtain correlation between
both of them and facilitate estimation of the inclination amount
and the direction in the data area DTA.
[0210] As shown in (c) in FIG. 21 and (d) in FIG. 23, in the
recordable information storage medium, drive test zones DRTZ are
provided at two spots in the inner circumferential side and the
outer circumferential side. As the number of test writings
performed in the drive test zone DRTZ is larger, the optimal
recording condition can be sought in detail by varying the
parameter minutely, and recording accuracy to the data area DTA is
enhanced. In the rewritable information storage medium, reuse of
the drive test zone DRTZ by overwriting is made possible. However,
in the recordable information storage medium, when the recording
accuracy is enhanced by increasing the number of test writings,
there arises the problem of using up the drive test zone DRTZ in a
short time. In order to solve the problem, this embodiment has the
characteristic that it is made possible to set extended drive test
zone (Extended Drive Test Zone) EDRTZ along the direction of the
inner circumference from the outer circumferential portion, and it
is made possible to extend the drive test zone ((E2) in FIG.
1).
[0211] As the characteristics concerning the setting method of the
extended drive test zone and the test writing method in the set
extended drive test zone, the following 1 to 3 can be cited in this
embodiment.
[0212] 1. Setting (framing) of the extended drive test zone EDRTZ
is performed collectively and sequentially from the outer
circumferential direction (the side near the data lead-out area
DTLDO) to the inner circumferential side.
[0213] As shown in (e) in FIG. 23, the extended drive test zone 1
(EDRTZ1) is set as a sizable zone from the nearest place (the
nearest place to the data lead-out area DTLDO) to the outer
circumference in the data area, and after the extended drive test
zone 1 (EDRTZ1) is used up, an extended drive test zone 2 (EDRTZ2)
is made settable next as a sizable zone which exists at the inner
circumferential side from the extended drive test zone 1
(EDRTZ1).
[0214] 2. In the extended drive test zone EDRTZ, test writing is
performed sequentially from the inner circumferential side ((E3) in
FIG. 1). When test writing is performed in the extended drive test
zone EDRTZ, test writing is performed along the groove area 214
disposed in a spiral form along the outer circumferential side from
the inner circumferential side, and test writing of this time is
performed in the unrecorded place just behind the place where test
writing is performed previous time (already recorded).
[0215] The inside of the data area has the structure in which
recording is performed along the groove area 214 disposed in the
spiral form to the outer circumferential side from the inner
circumferential side. Namely, test writing in the extended drive
test zone is performed according to the method of sequentially
recording test writing into the rear of the place of the test
writing which is performed immediately before, whereby the
processing of "verifying the place of the test writing which is
performed immediately before" and the next processing of
"implementation of the test writing of this time" can be performed
serially. As a result, not only the test writing becomes easy, but
also management of the place where test writing is already
performed in the extended drive test zone EDRTZ is simplified.
[0216] 3. Resetting of the data lead-out area DTLDO is possible in
the form including the extended drive test zone EDRZ ((E4) in FIG.
1).
[0217] (e) in FIG. 23 shows an example in which two extended spare
areas 1 and 2 (ESPA1, 2) are set in the data area DTA, and two
extended drive test zones 1 and 2 (EDRTZ1, 2) are set in the data
area DTA. In this case, this embodiment has the characteristic that
reset can be performed as the data lead-out area DTLO for the area
including the area up to the extended drive test zone 2 (EDRT2)
((E4) in FIG. 1) as shown in (f) in FIG. 23. Being linked to this,
reset of the range of the data area DTA is performed in the form of
narrowed range, and it becomes easy to manage the recordable range
205 of the user data existing in the data area DTA.
[0218] In the case of performing reset as in (f) in FIG. 23, the
set place of the extended spare area 1 (ESPA1) shown in (e) in FIG.
23 is regarded as "the extended spare area already used up", and
management is performed considering that the unrecorded area (area
where additional test writing is possible) exists only in the
extended spare area 2 (ESPA2) in the extended drive test zone
EDRTZ. In this case, nondefective information which is recorded in
the extended spare area 1 (ESPA1) and used for replacement is
transferred to an unused area in the extended spare area 2 (ESPA2)
as it is, and the defect management information is rewritten. At
this time, start position information of the data lead-out area
DTLDO which is reset is recorded in the position information of the
newest (updated) data area DTA of the RMD field 0 in the recording
management data RMD as shown in FIG. 30.
[0219] The waveform of the record pulse (write strategy) for
performing test writing in the above described drive test zone is
shown in FIG. 24 and the definition of the record pulse shape is
shown in FIG. 25.
[0220] The structure of the border area in the recordable
information storage medium will be explained with FIG. 26. When one
border area is set in the recordable information storage medium for
the first time, a bordered area (Bordered Area) BRDA#1 is set at
the inner circumferential side (the nearest side to the data
lead-in area DTLDI), and thereafter, border-out (Border-out) BRDO
is formed behind it, as shown in (a) in FIG. 26.
[0221] When the next bordered area (Bordered Area) BRDA #2 is
desired to be set, the next border-in (Border-in) BRDI (of #1) is
formed behind the previous border-out BRDO (of #1) as shown in (b)
in FIG. 26, and thereafter, the next bordered area BRDA #2 is set.
When the next bordered area BRDA #2 is desired to be closed, the
border-out BRDO (of #2) is formed just behind it. In this
embodiment, the state in which the next border-in (Border-in) BRDI
(of #1) is formed behind the previous border-out BRDO (of #1) and
is paired with the border-out BRDO (of #1) is called a border zone
(Border Zone) BRDZ. The example of setting the extended drive test
zone EDRTZ in the data area DTA is shown in (b) in FIG. 26.
[0222] The state after finalizing (Finalization) the recordable
information storage medium is shown in (c) in FIG. 26. The example
in which the extended drive test zone EDRTZ is incorporated in the
data lead-out area DTLDO and the extended spare area ESPA is
further set is shown in (c) in FIG. 26. In this case, the
recordable range 205 of the user data is filled with the final
border-out BRDO so that the recordable range 205 of the user data
is not left unfilled.
[0223] The detailed data structure in the border zone BRDZ
explained above is shown in (d) in FIG. 26. Each information is
recorded in a size unit of one physical segment block (Physical
Segment Block) which will be described later.
[0224] Copy information C_RMZ of the content recorded in the
recording position management zone is recorded in the initial part
in the border-out BRDO, and a border stopping marker (Stop Block)
STB indicating that this is the border-out BRDO is recorded.
[0225] When the next border-in BRDI further comes, the initial
marker indicating that a border area comes next (Next Border
Marker) NBM is recorded in the "N1st" physical segment block
counted from the physical segment block in which this border
stopping marker (Stop Block) STB is recorded. Then, the second
marker NBM indicating that a border area comes next is recorded in
the "N2nd" physical segment block, and the third marker NBM
indicating that a border area comes next is recorded in the "N3rd"
physical segment block. In this manner, the markers NBM are
discretely recorded at the three spots in total for each size of
one physical segment block.
[0226] Updated physical format information (Updated Physical Format
Information) U_PFI is recorded in the next border-in BRDI.
[0227] When the next border area does not come (in the final
border-out BRDO) in the current DVD-R or DVD-RW disc, the place
where "the marker NBM indicating the next border" is to be recorded
(the place of one physical segment block size) shown in (d) in FIG.
26 is kept to be "the place where no data is recorded". When the
border close is performed in this state, this recordable
information storage medium (current DVD-R or DVD-RW disc) is in the
state capable of reproduction in the conventional DVD-ROM drive or
the conventional DVD player. In the conventional DVD-ROM drive or
the conventional DVD player, track deviation detection using the
DPD (Differential Phase Detect) method is performed by utilizing
the record mark recorded on this recordable information storage
medium (current DVD-R or DVD-RW disc). However, in the above
described "place where no data is recorded", a record mark does not
exist over one physical segment block size, and therefore, track
deviation detection using the DPD (Differential Phase Detect)
method cannot be performed. Therefore, there exists the problem
that the track servo does not perform stably.
[0228] As the solution to the problems of the above described
current DVD-R or DVD-RW disc, the following [1] to [5] can be cited
in this embodiment.
[0229] [1] When the next border area does not come, the data of a
specific pattern is previously recorded in "the place where the
marker NBM indicating the next border should be recorded".
[0230] [2] When the next border area comes, "overwriting
processing" is performed with a specific record pattern partially
and discretely in the place of "the marker NBM indicating the next
border" in which the above described data of the specific pattern
is recorded. Namely, the method of utilizing the overwriting
processing as the identification information indicating "that the
next border area comes" is adopted. By setting the marker
indicating the next border by overwriting (FIG. 4 [L]) in this
manner, the record mark of the specific pattern can be previously
formed in "the place where the marker NBM indicating the next
border should be recorded" even when the next border area does not
exist as shown in [1]. A a result, there arises the effect that
when the track deviation detection is performed by the DPD method
in the reproduction-only information reproducing apparatus after
the border close, track servo performs stably.
[0231] There is the fear that stabilization of the PLL circuit
shown in FIG. 5 is impaired in the information recording and
reproducing apparatus or the information reproducing apparatus when
a new record mark is overwritten even partially on the part where
the record mark is already formed in the recordable information
storage medium.
[0232] As the solution to the fear, the methods of [3] to [5] are
further adopted in this embodiment.
[0233] [3] When overwriting is performed on the position of "the
marker NBM indicating the next border" of one physical segment
block size, overwriting situation is changed in accordance with the
place in the same data segment ((L1) in FIG. 4).
[0234] [4] overwriting is performed partially in the sync data 432,
and overwriting is prohibited on the sync code 431 ((L2) in FIG.
4).
[0235] [5] Overwriting is performed in the place except for the
data ID and IED.
[0236] As will be explained in detail later by using FIGS. 65A to
65C, data fields 411 to 418 for recording the user data and guard
areas 441 to 448 are alternately recorded on the information
storage medium. A set of combination of each of the data fields 411
to 418 and each of the guard areas 441 to 448 is called a data
segment 490, and one data segment length corresponds to one
physical segment block length.
[0237] In the PLL circuit shown in FIG. 5, lead-in of PLL is easily
performed especially in VFO areas 471 and 472 shown in FIGS. 65A to
65C. Accordingly, even if PLL is off, another lead-in of PLL can be
easily performed by using the VFO areas 471 and 472 if it is in the
place immediately before the VFO areas 471 and 472, and the
influence as the whole system in the information recording and
reproducing apparatus or the information reproducing apparatus is
reduced.
[0238] By utilizing this situation, [3] the overwriting situation
is changed in accordance with the place in the data segment as
described above ((L1) in FIG. 4), and overwriting amount of a
specific pattern is increased at the rear part near the VFO areas
471 and 472 in the same data segment. In this manner, it is made
easy to determine "the marker indicating the next border", and the
accuracy deterioration of the signal PLL at the time of
reproduction can be prevented.
[0239] As is explained in detail by using FIGS. 65A to 65C and FIG.
45, one physical sector is constructed by combination of the place
where a sync code 433 (SY0 to SY3) is disposed and sync data 434
disposed between the synch codes 433. The information recording and
reproducing apparatus or the information reproducing apparatus
extracts the sync code 433 (SY0 to SY3) from a channel bit string
recorded on the information storage medium, and detects a break of
the channel bit string. The position information (physical sector
number or logical sector number) of the data recorded on the
information storage medium is extracted from the information of the
data ID in FIG. 35 as will be described later. The error of the
data ID is detected by using IED disposed immediately behind
it.
[0240] Accordingly, in this embodiment, [5] overwriting is
prohibited on the data ID and IED, and [4] overwriting is partially
performed in the sync data 432 except for the sync code 431 ((L2)
in FIG. 4), thereby also making it possible to detect the data ID
position by using the sync code 431 and reproduce information
recorded in the data ID (read the content) in "the marker NBM
indicating the next border".
[0241] In order to explain the above described content more
specifically, the flow chart at the time of performing overwriting
in the place of "the marker NBM indicating the next border" is
shown in FIG. 12. When the control unit 143 of the information
recording and reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 5 receives the
setting instruction of a new border via the interface unit 142
(ST1), the control unit 143 controls the information recording and
reproducing unit 141 and starts reproduction of the exiting
bordered area BRDA disposed at the end (ST2). Subsequently, the
information recording and reproducing unit 141 keeps tracing along
the pre-groove in the bordered area BRDA while tracking until it
detects the border stopping marker STB in the border-out BRDO
(ST3).
[0242] As shown in (d) in FIG. 26, behind the border stopping
marker STB, the markers NBM each indicating the next border which
is recorded in the specific pattern are already disposed in the
N1st, N2nd and N3rd physical segment block. The information
recording and reproducing unit 141 counts the number of physical
segment blocks while continuing reproduction in the border-out BRDO
(ST4), and seeks the position of the above described marker NBM
indicating the next border (ST5).
[0243] As described above, as a specific example of the method of
"[3] the overwriting situation is changed in accordance with the
place in the same data segment ((L1) in FIG. 4),", a wide
overwriting area is taken in at least the final physical sector in
the same data segment. When the final physical sector in the data
segment is detected (ST6), overwriting is performed from
immediately behind the data ID and IED to the end of the final
physical sector with the data ID and IED left (without overwriting
in the data ID and IED) (ST9).
[0244] In the same data segment other than at least the final
physical sector, overwriting is partially performed in a specific
pattern in the sync data 432 (ST7) while avoiding the area of the
sync code 431 (SY0 to SY3) shown in FIG. 40 or FIG. 63 which will
be described later ((L2) in FIG. 4). The above described process is
performed for each marker NBM indicating each border, and after
overwriting processing for the marker NBM indicating the third
border is finished (ST9), a new border-in BRDI is recorded, after
which user data is recorded in the bordered area BRDA (ST10).
[0245] The logical record unit of the information recorded in the
bordered area BRDA shown in (c) in FIG. 26 is called R zone (R
Zone). Accordingly, one bordered area BRDA is constructed by at
least one or more R zones. In the current DVD-ROM, the file system
called "UDF bridge" in which both the file management information
in conformity with the UDF (Universal Disc Format) and the file
management information in conformity with ISO9660 are
simultaneously recorded in one information storage medium is
adopted for its file system. Here, in the fail management method in
conformity with ISO9660, there is the rule that one file has to be
recorded continuously without fail in the information storage
medium (namely, it is prohibited to divide and dispose the
information in one file at discrete positions on the information
storage medium). Accordingly, when the information is recorded in
conformity with the above described UDF bridge, for example, all
information constituting one file is continuously recorded, and
therefore, the area where this one file is continuously recorded
can be adapted to constitute one R zone.
[0246] FIG. 27 shows the data structure in the control data zone
CDZ and the R-physical information zone RIZ. As shown in (b) in
FIG. 27, physical format information (Physical Format Information)
PFI and medium manufacturing information (Disc Manufacturing
Information) DMI exist in the control data zone CDZ. The R-physical
information zone RIZ is constituted of the medium manufacturing
information (Disc Manufacturing Information) DMI and R-physical
format information (R-Physical Format Information) R_PFI.
[0247] Information 251 concerning the medium manufacturing country
and medium manufacturer belonging country information 252 are
recorded in the medium manufacturing information DMI (FIG. 2 [F]).
When the information storage medium on sale makes infringement of
the patent, infringement warning is issued to the country where the
manufacturing place exists or the country where the information
storage medium is consumed (used) in many cases. The manufacturing
place (country name) is found out by making it mandatory to record
the above described information in the information storage medium,
and patent infringement warning is easily issued, whereby the
intellectual property is protected and the advancement of
technology is promoted. Further, the other medium manufacturing
information 253 is also recorded in the disc manufacturing
information DMI.
[0248] This embodiment is characterized in that the kind of
information to be recorded is specified in accordance with the
recording place (relative byte position from the head) in the
physical format information PFI or the R physical format
information R_PFI (FIG. 2 [G]). Namely, common information 261 in
the DVD family is recorded in the area of 32 bytes which is from 0
byte to the 31st byte as the recording place in the physical format
information PFI or the R physical format information R_PFI. 96
bytes from the 32nd byte to the 127th byte are for recording common
information 262 in the HD_DVD family which is the target of this
embodiment. 384 bytes from the 128th byte to the 511th byte is for
recording respective individual information (peculiar information)
263 concerning each written standard type and a part version. 1536
bytes from the 512th byte to the 2047th byte is for recording
information corresponding to each revision. By achieving
commonality of the information position in the physical format
information in accordance with the information content like this,
the place of the recorded information is made common irrespective
of the kinds of the media. Therefore, commonality and
simplification of reproduction processing of the information
reproducing apparatus or the information recording and reproducing
apparatus are achieved. The common information 261 in the DVD
family which is recorded in the place from 0 byte to the 31st byte
is divided into information 267 which is recorded in the place from
0 byte to the 16th byte and recorded in common in the
reproduction-only information storage medium, the rewritable
information storage medium and the recordable information storage
medium, and information 268 which is recorded in the place from the
17th byte to the 31st byte and recorded in common in the rewritable
information storage medium and the recordable information storage
medium, but not recorded in the reproduction-only type.
[0249] Concrete information contents in the physical format
information PFI or the R-physical format information R_PFI shown in
FIG. 27 and the comparison of information in the physical format
information PFI in accordance with the kind of medium (whether the
reproduction-only type, rewritable type or recordable type) are
shown in FIG. 28. As the information 267 recorded in common to all
the reproduction-only type, rewritable type and recordable type in
the common information 261 in the DVD family, there are
sequentially in the byte position 0 to 16, information of the type
of the written standard (reproduction-only/rewritable/recordable)
and version number information, medium size (diameter) and maximum
possible data transfer rate information, medium structure (single
layer or double-layer, presence or absence of embossed
pit/recordable area/rewritable area), recording density (linear
density and track density) information, position information of the
data area DTA, and presence and absence information of the burst
cutting area BCA (all present in this embodiment).
[0250] As the information 268 which is the common information 261
in the DVD family and is recorded in common in the rewritable type
and the recordable type, there are cited sequentially from the 28th
byte to the 31st byte, revision number information specifying the
maximum recording speed, revision number information specifying the
minimum recording speed, revision number table (application
revision number), class state information, and extended (part)
version information. Giving the information from the 28th byte to
the 31st byte corresponds to the characteristic of this embodiment
of giving the revision information corresponding to the recording
speed to the recording area of the physical format information PFI
or the R-physical format information R_PFI ((G1) in FIG. 2).
[0251] When the medium which is enhanced in recording speed into
the medium to double-speed, quadruple-speed or the like is
conventionally developed, extremely troublesome labor to newly
recompose the written standard has to be done corresponding to it
each time. On the other hand, in this embodiment, the written
standard is divided into a written standard which changes in
version when the content is changed to a large extent (version
book) and a revision book which is issued by changing revision
corresponding to a small change such as recording speed, and only
the revision book which is updated in revision is issued each time
the recording speed is enhanced. Thereby, extension function to
future medium corresponding to the high-speed recording is ensured,
and it is made possible to be adapted to the standard by the simple
method of revision, thus providing the effect of being adaptable to
high speed when a new high-speed recording-compliant medium is
developed.
[0252] The characteristic of this embodiment lies in that the
revision numbers are made separately settable at the maximum value
and the minimum value of the recording speed especially by
separately providing the column of the revision number information
specifying the maximum recording speed at the 17th byte, and the
column of the revision number information specifying the minimum
recording speed at the 18th byte ((G1.alpha.) in FIG. 2). For
example, when a recording film recordable at extremely high speed
is developed, such a recording film is capable of recording at the
extremely high speed, but when the recording speed is lowered, such
a recording film cannot perform recording suddenly, or the
recording film capable of lowering the recordable minimum speed is
very expensive in many cases. On the other hand, the revision
numbers are made separately settable at the maximum value and the
minimum value of the recording speed as in this embodiment, whereby
the selection range of the developable recording film is widened,
and as the result, there arises the effect of making it possible to
supply media capable of higher-speed recording and media at lower
price.
[0253] The information recording and reproducing apparatus of the
embodiment of the present invention previously has the information
of the possible maximum recording speed and possible minimum
recording speed in each revision. When an information storage
medium is put on this information recording and reproducing
apparatus, the information in the physical format information PFI
or the R-physical format information R_PFI is read first in the
information recording and reproducing unit 141 shown in FIG. 5.
Subsequently, with reference to the information of the possible
maximum recording speed and possible minimum recording speed of
each revision previously recorded in the memory unit 175 in the
control unit 143 based on the obtained revision number information,
the possible maximum recording speed and the possible minimum
recording speed of the information recording medium which is
mounted thereon are determined. Further, recording is performed at
the optimal recording speed based on the result.
[0254] Next, the meaning of the peculiar information 263 of the
type and version of each written standard from the 128th byte to
the 511th byte, and the meaning of the information content 264
peculiarly settable in each revision from the 512th byte to the
2047th byte, which are shown in (c) in FIG. 27 will be explained.
Namely, in the peculiar information 263 of the type and version of
each written standard from the 128th bite to the 511th byte,
meaning of the record information content in each byte position is
consistent irrespective of the rewritable information storage
medium and the recordable information storage medium which differ
in type. The information content 264 peculiarly settable for each
revision from the 512th byte to the 2047th byte is allowed to
differ in the meaning of the record information content at each
byte position not only when the difference between the rewritable
information storage medium and the recordable information storage
medium which differ in types exists, but also when the revision
differs in the same kind of media.
[0255] As shown in FIG. 28, as the information in the peculiar
information 263 of the type and version of each written standard in
which the meaning of the record information content is consistent
at each byte position in the rewritable information storage medium
and the recordable information storage medium which differ in
types, medium manufacturer name information, added information from
the medium manufacturer, record mark polarity (discrimination of
whether H.fwdarw.L or L.fwdarw.H) information, linear speed
information at the time of recording or at the time of
reproduction, the rim intensity value of an optical system along
the circumferential direction, the rim intensity value of the
optical system along the radius direction, and recommended laser
power (light amount value on recording surface) at the time of
reproduction are cited, and these are sequentially recorded.
[0256] This embodiment is characterized especially in that the
192nd byte is allowed to have the record mark polarity
(discrimination of whether H.fwdarw.L or L.fwdarw.H) information
(Mark Polarity Descriptor). In the conventional rewritable or
recordable DVD disc, only the recording film of "H.fwdarw.L" (High
to Low) type in which the light reflection amount in the record
mark becomes low (Low) with respect to the unrecorded state
(reflection level is relatively high: High) is admitted. On the
other hand, when the demands on "provision for high-speed
recording" and "reduction in cost" or as physical performance,
"decrease in cross erase", "increase in the upper limit value of
the number of rewrites" and the like are made for the medium, there
arises the problem of being incapable of coping with these demands
with only the conventional H.fwdarw.L type recording films. On the
other hand, in this embodiment, not only the use of the H.fwdarw.L
type recording film but also the use of the "L.fwdarw.H" type
recording film increasing in light reflection amount in the record
mark is allowed, and therefore, not only the conventional
H.fwdarw.L type but also the L.fwdarw.H type recording film is
incorporated in the standard. As a result, the selection range of
the recording film is widened, thereby providing the effect of
being capable of recording at high speed and supplying the medium
at low price.
[0257] A concrete method of carrying out the information recording
and reproducing apparatus will be explained hereinafter. In the
written standard (version book) or revision book, both the
reproduction signal characteristics from the "H.fwdarw.L" type
recording film and the reproduction signal characteristic from the
"L.fwdarw.H" type recording film are written side by side, and two
corresponding circuits are prepared in the PR equalizing circuit
130 and the viterbi decoder 156 in FIG. 5 corresponding to them.
When the information storage medium is attached in the information
reproducing unit 141, the slice level detecting circuit 132 for
reading information in the system lead-in area SYLDI is started
first. After the record mark polarity (discrimination of whether
H.fwdarw.L or L.fwdarw.H) information recorded at the 192nd byte is
read in this slice level detecting circuit 132, discrimination of
whether "H.fwdarw.L" type of "L.fwdarw.H" type is performed, and
after the circuits in the PR equalizing circuit 130 and the viterbi
decoder 156 are switched corresponding to this, the information
recorded in the data lead-in area DTLDI or the data area DTA is
reproduced.
[0258] According to the above described method, the information in
the data lead-in area DTLDI or the data area DTA can be read
comparatively fast with high accuracy.
[0259] The revision number information specifying the maximum
recording speed is described at the 17th byte and the revision
number information specifying the minimum recording speed is
described at the 18th byte, but the above described information is
only the range information specifying the maximum and minimum. The
optimal linear speed information is required at the time of record
when recording is performed most stably, and the information of it
is recorded at the 193rd byte.
[0260] Another large characteristic of this embodiment lies in that
the information of the rim intensity value of the optical system
along the circumferential direction at the 194th byte and the rim
intensity value of the optical system along the radius direction at
the 195th byte as the optical system condition information is
disposed at the position prior to the various kinds of recording
conditions (write strategy) information included in the information
content 264 which can be peculiarly set in each revision. The
information of them means the condition information of the optical
system of the optical head which is used when the recording
conditions disposed at the rear side are determined. The rim
intensity means the distribution state of incident light incident
on the objective lens before converging on the record surface of
the information storage medium, and is defined by "the intensity
value at the objective lens peripheral position (pupil surface
outer peripheral position) when the center intensity of the
incident light intensity distribution is set as "1"".
[0261] The intensity distribution of the incident light on the
objective lens is not symmetrical about a point, but elliptic
distribution, and since the rim intensity values differ in the
radius direction and the circumferential direction of the
information storage medium, two kinds of values are recorded. As
the rim intensity value is larger, the converging spot size on the
recording surface of the information storage medium becomes
smaller, and therefore, the optimal recording power condition
changes greatly in accordance with the rim intensity values. Since
the information recording and reproducing apparatus previously
knows the rim intensity value information of the optical head it
owns, it firstly reads the rim intensity values of the optical
system along the circumferential direction and the radius direction
recorded in the information storage medium, and compares them with
the values of the optical head which it owns. If no significant
difference is found in the comparison result, the recording
conditions recorded at the rear side can be applied. However, if
there is significant difference in the comparison result, it is
necessary to ignore the recording conditions recorded at the rear
side and start to determine the optimal recording conditions while
the recording and reproducing apparatus itself is performing test
writing by utilizing the drive test zone DRTZ described in FIG. 21
or FIG. 23.
[0262] It is necessary to determine quickly whether the recording
conditions recorded at the rear side is utilized, or determination
of the optimal recording conditions is started while the apparatus
ignores the information and the apparatus itself is performing test
writing in this manner. As shown in FIG. 28, at the precedent
position to the position where the recommended recording conditions
are recorded, the condition information of the optical system in
which the conditions are determined is disposed. Therefore, there
exists the effect that the rim intensity information can be read
first, and applicability of the recording conditions disposed
behind can be determined at high speed.
[0263] As described above, in this embodiment, the written standard
(version book) which is changed inversion when the content is
changed to a large extent, and the revision book which is issued by
changing in revision corresponding to a small change such as
recording speed are separately prepared, so that each time the
recording speed is enhanced, only the revision book updated in only
revision can be issued. Accordingly, when the revision number
differs, the recording conditions in the revision book change, and
therefore, the information concerning the recording conditions
(write strategy) are mainly recorded in the information content 264
which can be set peculiarly for each revision from the 512th byte
to the 2047th byte. As is obvious from FIG. 28, as the information
content 264 which can be peculiarly set for each revision from the
512th byte to the 2047th byte, not only the difference between the
rewritable information storage medium and the recordable
information storage medium which differ in types is allowed, but
also difference of the meaning of the recorded information content
at each byte position in the case where the revision differs even
in the same kind of media is allowed.
[0264] Definitions of peak power, bias power 1, bias power 2 and
bias power 3 in FIG. 28 correspond to the power values defined in
FIG. 24. The termination time of the first pulse in FIG. 28 means
TEFP defined in FIG. 24. Multi-pulse interval means TMP defined in
FIG. 24. The start time of the last pulse means TSLP defined in
FIG. 24. The period of the bias power 2 of 2T mark means TLC
defined in FIG. 24.
[0265] Comparison of the contents of the detailed information
recorded in the position information of the data area DTA recorded
at the part from the 4th byte to the 15th byte is shown in FIG. 29.
The start position information of the data area DTA is recorded in
common without discriminating the types of the media, the physical
format information PFI and the R-physical format information R_PFI.
As the information indicating the termination position, the
termination position information of the data area DTA is recorded
in the reproduction-only information storage medium.
[0266] In the rewritable information storage medium, as shown in
FIG. 17, the place with the largest value of the physical sector
number is in the groove area, but the termination position
information of the data area DTA in the land area is recorded.
[0267] The final position information in the recordable range of
the user data is recorded in the physical format information PFI of
the recordable information storage medium, and this position
information means the position just before the point .zeta. in the
example shown in (e) in FIG. 23, for example.
[0268] On the other hand, the final position information of the
recorded data in the corresponding bordered area BRDA is recorded
in the R-physical format information R_PFI of the recordable
information storage medium.
[0269] The final address information in the "layer 0" which is the
layer in front seen from the reproduction side optical system is
also recorded in the reproduction-only information storage medium.
The information of the difference value of the start position
information between the land area and the groove area is recorded
in the rewritable information storage medium.
[0270] As shown in (c) in FIG. 21, the recording management zone
RMZ exists in the data lead-in area DTLDI. As shown in (d) in FIG.
26, the copy information exists in the border-out BRDO as the copy
information C_RMZ of the record content into the recording position
management zone. In this recording management zone RMZ, recording
position management data (Recording Management Data) RMD having the
same data size as one physical segment block size is recorded as
shown in (b) in FIG. 22. Each time the content of the recording
management data RMD is updated, the recording management data RMD
can be sequentially recorded to the rear as the new updated
recording management data RMD. The detailed data structure in the
one recording management data RMD is shown in FIGS. 30 to 32. The
inside of the recording management data RMD is further divided into
small RMD field information RMDF each in the size of 2048
bytes.
[0271] The initial 2048 bytes in the recording management data RMD
is a reserve area.
[0272] In the RMD field 0 of the next 2048-byte size, the recording
management data format code information, the medium state
information indicating whether the target medium is (1) in the
unrecorded state, (2) halfway through recording before finalizing,
or (3) after finalizing, the unique disc ID (disc identification
information), the position information of the data area DTA and the
position information of the newest (updated) data area DTA, and the
position information of the recording management data RMD are
sequentially disposed.
[0273] In the position information of the data area DTA, the start
position information of the data area DTA and the final position
information of the recordable range 204 of the user data at the
initial time (in the example (d) in FIG. 23, this information
indicates the position just before the point .beta.) are recorded
as the information indicating the recordable range 204 ((d) in FIG.
23) of the user data at the initial state.
[0274] This embodiment has the characteristic in that the extended
drive test zone EDRTZ and the extended spare area ESPA are
additionally settable in the recordable range 204 of the user data
as shown in (e) and (f) in FIG. 23 ((C1) and (E2) in FIG. 1). If
the extension is made in this way, the recordable range 205 of the
user data becomes small. Another characteristic of this embodiment
lies in that the related information is recorded in "position
information of the newest (updated) data area DTA" so that user
data is not recorded in the extended zones EDRTZ and ESPA by
mistake.
[0275] Namely, it can be known whether the extended drive test zone
EDRTZ is additionally provided or not by the presence and absence
discrimination information of the extended drive test zone EDRTZ,
and it can be known whether the extended spare area ESPA is
additionally provided or not by the presence or absence
discrimination information of the extended spare area (ESPA).
[0276] Further, as the recordable range information (FIG. 1 [E])
concerning the recordable range 205 of the user data managed in the
recording management data RMD, there is the final position of the
recordable range 205 of the newest user data recorded in the
position information of the newest (updated) data area DTA in the
RMD field 0 as shown in FIG. 30. By this, the recordable range 205
of the user data shown in (f) in FIG. 23 is instantly found, and
high-speed detection of the size (unrecorded amount) of the
unrecorded area which is recordable hereafter is made possible.
[0277] This brings about the effect that by setting the optimal
transfer rate at the time of recording corresponding to the
programmed recording time designated by the user, for example,
recording into the medium can be carried out without fail with the
highest realizable image quality at the programmed recording time
designate by the user.
[0278] Taking the example of (d) in FIG. 23 as an example, the
above described "final position of the recordable range 205 of the
newest user data" means the position just before the point .zeta..
The position information can be described in the ECC block address
number as another example ((E1) in FIG. 1) instead of being
described in the physical sector number.
[0279] As will be described later, one ECC block is constituted of
32 sectors in this embodiment. Accordingly, low-order 5 bits of the
physical sector number of the sector disposed at the head in the
specific ECC block corresponds to the sector number of the sector
disposed at the head position in the adjacent ECC block.
[0280] When the physical sector number is set so that the low-order
5 bits of the physical sector number of the sector disposed at the
head in the ECC block becomes "00000", the values of the higher
bits than the low-order sixth bit of the physical sector numbers of
all the sectors existing in the same ECC block correspond to each
other. Therefore, the low-order 5-bit data of the physical sector
numbers of the sectors existing in the above described same ECC
block are removed, and the address information extracting only the
data of the higher bits than the low-order sixth bit is defined as
the ECC block address information (or the ECC block address
number).
[0281] As will be described later, the data segment address
information (or physical segment block number information) recorded
in advance by wobble modulation corresponds to the above described
ECC block address, and therefore, when the position information in
the recording position management data RMD is described in the ECC
block address number, the effects such as the following 1) and 2)
are provided.
[0282] 1) Access to an unrecorded area is especially performed at
high speed. Since the position information unit in the recording
management data RMD and the information unit of the data segment
address recorded in advance by wobble modulation correspond to each
other, calculation processing of the difference is made easy.
[0283] 2) The management data size in the recording position
management data RMD can be made small. The required number of bits
for address information description can be saved by five bits per
one address.
[0284] As will be described later, one physical segment block
length corresponds to one data segment length, and the user data of
one ECC block is recorded in one data segment. Accordingly, when
the expressions such as "ECC block address number", "ECC block
address", "data segment address", "data segment number", and
"physical segment block number" are used, all of these expressions
have the meanings of synonyms.
[0285] As shown in FIG. 30, set size information of the recording
management zone RMZ in which the recording management data RMD can
be sequentially recorded therein is recorded in ECC block unit or
physical segment block unit in the position information of the
recording management data RMD present in the RMD field 0.
[0286] As shown in (b) in FIG. 22, one recording management data
RMD is recorded in each physical segment block. With this
information, it can be found how many times the updated recording
management data RMD can be recorded in the recording management
zone RMZ.
[0287] Next to it, the current recording management data number in
the recording management zone RMZ is recorded. This means numeral
information of the recording management data RMD already recorded
in the recording management zone RMZ. For example, as the example
shown in (b) in FIG. 22, assume this information is the information
in the recording management data RMD#2, this information is the
second recorded recording management data RMD in the recording
management zone RMZ, and therefore, the value "2" is recorded in
this column.
[0288] Next to this, the remaining amount information in the
recording management zone RMZ is recorded. This information means
the information of the number of further recordable recording
management data RMD in the recording management zone RMZ, and is
described in physical segment block unit (=ECC block unit=data
segment unit).
[0289] The following relationship is established among the above
described three kinds of information. [Set size information of
RMZ]=[current recording management data number]+[Remaining amount
in RMZ]
[0290] The characteristic of this embodiment lies in that the used
amount by the recording management data RMD or the remaining amount
information in the recording management zone RMZ is recorded in the
recording area of the recording position management data RMD ((E7)
in FIG. 1).
[0291] For example, when all information is recorded in one
recordable information storage medium at one time, it is suitable
to record the recording management data RMD only once. However,
when it is desired to repeatedly record recording of user data
(recording of the user data into the recordable range 205 of the
user data in (f) in FIG. 23) in detail into one recordable
information storage medium, it is necessary to record updated
recording management data RMD for each record. In this case, if the
recording management data RMD is recorded frequently, the
unrecorded area 206 shown in (b) in FIG. 22 is used up, and it is
necessary for the information recording and reproducing apparatus
to take appropriate measures. Therefore, by recording the already
used amount by the recording management data RMD or the remaining
amount information in the recording management zone RMZ in the
recording area of the recording management data RMD, the
unrecordable state in the recording management zone RMZ can be
known in advance, and it is possible for the information recording
and reproducing apparatus to take measures early.
[0292] This embodiment has the characteristic in that the data
lead-out area DTLDO can be set in such a form as includes the
extended drive test zone EDRTZ inside as shown in the shift from
(e) to (f) in FIG. 23 ((E4) in FIG. 1). At this time, the start
position of the data lead-out area DTLDO changes from the point
.beta. to the point .epsilon. in (e) of FIG. 22. In order to manage
this situation, the column for recording the start position
information of the data lead-out area DTLDO is provided in the
position information of the newest (updated) data area DTA of the
RMD field 0 in FIG. 30. As described above, the drive test (test
writing) is basically recorded in cluster unit capable to extend in
data segment (ECC block) unit. Accordingly, the start position
information of the data lead-out area DTLDO is described in the ECC
block address number. However, as another example, it is possible
to describe the start position information in the physical sector
number or physical segment block number of the physical sector
initially disposed in the initial ECC block, data segment address,
or ECC block address.
[0293] The history information of the information recording and
reproducing apparatus which performed recording of the
corresponding medium is recorded in the RMD field 1. For each
information recording and reproducing apparatus, the manufacturer
identification information, serial number and model number
described in ASCII code, date time information of recording power
adjustment using the drive test zone, and recording condition
information at the time of additional recording are described in
accordance with the format of all recording condition information
in the information 264 (FIG. 28) individually settable for each
revision.
[0294] The RMD field 2 is an area used by a user, in which the user
can record information or the like of the recorded (desired)
content, for example.
[0295] The start position information of each border zone BRDZ is
recorded in the RMD field 3. Namely, as shown in FIG. 30, the start
position information of the first to fiftieth border-out BRDO is
described in the physical sector numbers. For example, in the
example shown in (c) in FIG. 26, the start position of the first
border-out BRDO expresses the position of the point .eta., an the
start position of the second border-out BRDO indicates the position
of the point .theta..
[0296] The position information of the extended drive test zone is
recorded in the RMD field 4. The final position information of the
place which is already used for test writing in the drive test zone
DRTZ in the data lead-in area DTLDI described in (c) in FIG. 21 is
firstly recorded, and the final position information of the place
which is already used for test writing in the drive test zone DRTZ
in the data lead-out area DTLDO described in (d) to (f) in FIG. 23
is recorded.
[0297] The drive test zone DRTZ is used for test writing
sequentially from the inner circumferential side (smaller physical
sector number) to the outer circumferential direction (the
direction in which the physical sector number becomes larger). The
place unit used for test writing is the ECC block unit since test
writing is performed in cluster unit which is the recording unit as
will be described later. Accordingly, as the final position
information of the place already used for test writing, the ECC
block address number is written, or the physical sector number of
the physical sector disposed at the end of the ECC block used for
test writing is written when it is written in the physical sector
number. The place used for test writing once is already recorded,
and therefore, when the next test writing is to be performed, the
test writing is performed at the next position to the last position
already used for test writing. Therefore, by utilizing the last
position information (=already used amount in the drive test zone
DRTZ) of the place already used for test writing in the above
described drive test zone DRTZ ((E5) in FIG. 1), the information
recording and reproducing apparatus not only can find out where to
start test writing next instantly, but also can determine whether a
vacant space capable of next test writing is present or not in the
drive test zone DRTZ from the information.
[0298] Size information of the area capable of additional test
writing in the drive test zone DRTZ in the data lead-in area DTLDI
or flag information indicating whether the drive test zone DRTZ is
used up or not, and size information of the area capable of
additional test writing in the drive test zone DRTZ in the data
lead-out area DTLDO or flag information indicating whether the
drive test zone DRTZ is used up or not are recorded. The size of
the drive test zone DRTZ in the data lead-in area DTLDI and the
size of the drive test zone DRTZ in the data lead-out area DTLDO
are already known. Therefore, it is possible to determine the size
(remaining amount) of the area in which additional test writing can
be performed in the drive test zone DRTZ with only the final
position information of the place already used for test writing in
the drive test zone DRTZ in the data lead-in area DTLDI or the
drive test zone DRTZ in the data lead-out area DTLDO. However, by
providing this information in the recording management data RMD
((E5) in FIG. 1), the remaining amount in the drive test zone DRTZ
is immediately known, and time before the determination of presence
or absence of setting of new extended drive test zone EDRTZ can be
shortened. As another example, the flag information of whether this
drive test zone DRTZ is used up or not can be recorded in this
column instead of the size (remaining amount) information of the
area where additional test writing can be performed in the drive
test zone DRTZ. If the flag by which the fact that drive test zone
DRTZ is already used up is found out instantly is set, the risk of
performing test writing in this area by mistake can be
eliminated.
[0299] In the RMD field 4, the information of the number of
additional setting of the extended drive test zone EDRTZ is
recorded next. In the example shown in (e) in FIG. 23, the extended
drive test zones EDRTZ are set at two spots which are the extended
drive test zone 1 EDRTZ1 and the extended drive test zone 2 EDRTZ2,
and therefore, "the number of additional settings of the extended
drive test zone EDRTZ=2". The range information of each of the
extended drive test zones EDRTZ and the information of the range
already used for test writing are further recorded in the field 4.
By making it possible to manage the position information of the
extended drive test zone in the recording position management data
RMD in this manner ((E6) in FIG. 1), it is made possible to set
extension of the extended drive test zone EDRTZ a plurality of
times, and the position information of the extended drive test zone
EDRTZ which is consecutively extended in the form of updating and
recording of the recording management data RMD in the recordable
information storage medium can be accurately managed. As a result,
the risk of overwriting the user data on the extended drive test
zone EDRTZ as a result of determining it as the recordable range
204 of the user data ((d) in FIG. 22) by mistake can be
eliminated.
[0300] As described above, the test writing unit is recorded in the
cluster unit (ECC block unit), and therefore, the range of each of
the extended drive test zones EDRTZ is designated in the ECC block
address unit. In the example shown in (e) in FIG. 23, the start
position information of the extended drive test zone EDRTZ which is
initially set is shown by the point .gamma. since the extended
drive test zone 1 EDRTZ1 is initially set, and the end position
information of the extended drive test zone EDRTZ which is
initially set corresponds to the position just before the point
.beta.. The unit of the position information is also described in
the ECC block address number or the physical sector number.
[0301] In the example in FIG. 30, the termination position
information of the extended drive test zone EDRTZ is shown, but
without being limited to this, the size information of the extended
drive test zone EDRTZ may be described instead. In this case, the
size of the extended drive test zone 1 (EDRTZ1) initially set is
".beta.-.gamma.". The final position information of the place which
is already used for test writing in the extended drive test zone
EDRTZ which is initially set is also described in the ECC block
address number or the physical sector number.
[0302] Next, size (remaining amount) information of the area in
which additional test writing can be further performed in the
extended drive test zone EDRTZ which is initially set is recorded.
The size of the extended drive test zone 1 (EDRTZ1) and the size of
the area which is already used therein are known from the above
described information, and therefore, the size (remaining amount)
of the area in which additional test writing can be performed is
automatically obtained. However, by providing this field ((E5) in
FIG. 1), it can be immediately known whether the current drive test
zone is sufficient or not when new drive test (test writing) is
performed, and thus, the judging time until the additional setting
of the extended drive test zone EDRTZ is determined can be
shortened. The size (remaining amount) information of the area in
which additional test writing can be further performed can be
recorded in this field, and as another example, it is possible to
set the flag information indicating whether the extended drive test
zone EDRTZ is used up or not in this field. If the flag from which
the fact that the extended drive test zone EDRTZ is already used up
is known instantly is set, the risk of performing test writing in
this area by mistake can be eliminated.
[0303] One example of the processing method for setting a new
extended drive test zone EDRTZ by the information recording and
reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 5 and performing test writing
there will be explained. This processing content is shown in FIG.
33.
[0304] (1) Attach a recordable information storage medium onto the
information recording and reproducing apparatus.
[0305] .fwdarw.(2) Reproduce the data formed in the burst cutting
area BCA in the information recording and reproducing unit 141, and
transfer it to the control unit 143.fwdarw.Decode the transferred
information in the control unit 143, and determine whether to
proceed to the next step.
.fwdarw.(3) Reproduce the information recorded in the control data
zone CDZ in the system lead-in area SYLDI in the information
recording and reproducing unit 141, and transfer it to the control
unit 143.
[0306] .fwdarw.(4) Compare the values (the 194th byte and the 195th
byte in FIG. 28) of the rim intensity when the recommended
recording condition is determined in the control unit 143 and the
values of the rim intensity of the optical head used in the
information recording and reproducing unit 141, and determine the
necessary area size for test writing.
[0307] .fwdarw.(5) Reproduce the information in the recording
management data by the information recording and reproducing unit
141 and transfer it to the control unit 143. Decode the information
in the RMD field 4 in the control unit, then determine the presence
or absence of sufficient area size necessary for test writing
determined in (4), proceed to (6) in the case having sufficient
area size, and proceed to (9) in the case without sufficient area
size. .fwdarw.(6) Determine the place at which the test writing
starts this time from the final position information of the place
which is already used for test writing in the drive test zone DRTZ
to be used for test writing or the extended drive test zone EDRTZ
from the RMD field 4. .fwdarw.(7) Execute test writing by the size
determined in (4) from the place determined in (6). .fwdarw.(8)
Temporarily store the recording management data RMD in which the
final position information of the place already used for test
writing is rewritten in the memory unit 175 because the place which
is used for test writing increases due to the processing in (7),
and proceed to (12).
[0308] *(9) Read the information of "the final position of the
recordable range 205 of the newest user data" recorded in the RMD
field 0 or "the final position information of the recordable range
of the user data" recorded in the position information in the data
area DTA in the physical format PFI shown in FIG. 29 by the
information recording and reproducing unit 141, and set the range
of the extended drive test zone EDRTZ, which is to be newly set, in
the control unit 143. .fwdarw.(10) Update the information of "the
final position of the recordable range 205 of the newest user data"
recorded in the RMD field 0, based on the result of (9), and
increment the information of the number of additional settings of
the extended drive test zone EDRTZ in the RMD field 4 by one
(adding the number and 1) to perform new setting. Store the
recording position management data RMD, to which the start/end
position information of the extended drive test zone EDRTZ is
added, temporarily in the memory unit 175. .fwdarw.(11) proceed to
(7) to (12).
[0309] *(12) Record necessary user information in the recordable
range 205 of the user data under the optimal recording conditions
obtained as a result of the test writing performed in (7).
.fwdarw.(13) Record the start/end position information (FIG. 31) in
the R zone newly generated corresponding to (12), and store the
updated recording management data RMD temporarily in the memory
unit 175. .fwdarw.(14) The control unit 143 controls and the
information recording and reproducing unit 141 additionally records
the newest recording position management data RMD temporarily
stored in the memory unit 175 in the unrecorded area 206 (for
example, (b) in FIG. 22) in the recording position management zone
RMZ.
[0310] As shown in FIG. 31, the position information of the
extended spare area ESPA is recorded in the RMD field 5. The
characteristic of this embodiment lies in that the recordable
information storage medium, the spare area is extendable and the
position information of the spare area is managed in the position
management data RMD ((C1) in FIG. 1).
[0311] In the example shown in (e) in FIG. 23, the extended spare
areas ESPA are set at two spots of the extended spare area 1
(ESPA1) and the extended spare area 2 (ESPA2), and therefore, the
number of additional settings of the extended spare area ESPA
described at the head in the RMD field 5 is "2". The start position
information of the extended spare area ESPA which is initially set
corresponds to the position of the point .delta., the end position
information of the extended spare area ESPA which is firstly set
corresponds to the position just before the point .gamma., the
start position information of the extended spare area ESPA which is
secondarily set corresponds to the position of the point .zeta.,
and the end position information of the extended spare area ESPA
which is secondarily set corresponds to the position just before
the point .epsilon..
[0312] The information concerning the defect management is recorded
in the RMD field 5 in FIG. 31. The characteristic of this
embodiment lies in that the information of the already used amount
or the remaining amount of the spare area SPA (or the extended
spare area ESPA) is recorded in the RMD ((C2) in FIG. 1). More
specifically, number information or the physical segment block
number information of the ECC blocks which are already used for
replacement in the spare area adjacent to the data lead-in area
DTLDI is recorded in the first column in the RMD field 5 in FIG.
31. In this embodiment, replacement processing is performed in the
ECC block unit for the defective area found in the recordable range
204 of the user data.
[0313] As will be described later, one data segment constituting
one ECC block is recorded in one physical segment block area.
Therefore, the number of replacements already performed equals the
number of ECC blocks already used for replacement (or the number of
physical segments, the number of data segments). Accordingly, the
unit of the information described in this column is the ECC block
unit, the physical segment block unit or the data segment unit.
[0314] In the recordable information storage medium, in the spare
area SPA or the extended spare area ESPA, the place to be used for
replacement processing is used from the inner circumferential side
with smaller ECC block address number in many cases. Accordingly,
as the information of this column, it is possible to describe the
ECC block address number as the final position information of the
used place for replacement in another example.
[0315] As shown in FIG. 31, the sections for recording the similar
kinds of information ("the information of the number of ECC blocks
or the number of physical segment blocks already used for
replacement, or the final position information of the place used
for replacement (ECC block address number) in the extended spare
area ESPA firstly set" and "the information of the number of ECC
blocks or the information of the number of physical segment blocks
already used for replacement, or the final position information of
the place used for replacement (ECC block address number) in the
extended spare area ESPA secondarily set" exist for the extended
spare area 1 (ESPA1) which is firstly set and the extended spare
area 2 (ESPA2) which is secondarily set.
[0316] The following 1) and 2) can be carried out by utilizing
these kinds of information.
[0317] 1) When the next replacement processing is to be performed,
a spare place to be newly set for the defective area which is found
out in the recordable range 205 of the user data can be found out
instantly. New replacement is performed just after the final
position of the place already used for replacement.
[0318] 2) The remaining amount in the spare area SPA or the
extended spare area ESPA is obtained by calculation, and (when the
residual amount is insufficient), presence or absence of necessity
of setting a new extended spare area ESPA can be known.
[0319] The size of the spare area SPA adjacent to the data lead-in
area DTLDI is known in advance, and therefore, if the information
concerning the number of ECC blocks already used for replacement in
the spare area SPA is available, the remaining amount in the spare
area SPA can be calculated. However, the remaining amount is found
out instantly by providing the recording frame of the information
of the number of ECC blocks or the information of the number of
physical segment blocks of the unused place usable for replacement
in future which is the remaining amount information in the spare
area SPA, and the time required for determination of presence or
absence of the necessity of setting of the additional extended
spare area ESPA can be shortened. From the same reason, the frames
in which "the information of the remaining amount in the extended
spare area ESPA firstly set" and "the information of the remaining
amount in the extended spare area ESPA secondarily set" are
provided ((C2) in FIG. 1).
[0320] In this embodiment, the spare area SPA is made extendable in
the recordable information storage medium, and its position
information is managed in the recording management data RMD ((C1)
in FIG. 1). As shown in (e) in FIG. 22, the extended spare areas
land 2 (ESPA1, ESPA2) and the like can be extended and set at
optional start positions in optional sizes in accordance with
necessity. Accordingly, the information of the number of additional
settings of the extended spare area ESPA is recorded in the RMD
field 5, and the start position information of the extended spare
area ESPA initially set and the start position information of the
extended spare area ESPA secondarily set are settable. These pieces
of start position information are described in the physical sector
numbers or ECC block address numbers (or physical segment block
numbers, data segment addresses). In the example in FIG. 30, as the
information specifying the range of the extended spare area ESPA,
"the end position information of the extended spare area ESPA
firstly set" and "the end position information of the extended
spare area ESPA secondarily set" are recorded. However, as another
example, it is possible to record the size information of the
extended spare area ESPA instead of the end position information by
the ECC block number or the physical segment block number, the data
segment number, the ECC block number or the physical sector
number.
[0321] The defect management information is recorded in the RMD
field 6. In this embodiment, the following two kinds of methods of
[1] and [2] can be provided as the method for enhancing reliability
of information concerning defect processing which is recorded in
the information storage medium.
[1] Conventional "replacement mode" for recording information
planned to be recorded in the defective place into a spare
place.
[2] "Multiplexing mode" for enhancing reliability by recording the
information of the same content twice in different places on the
information storage medium.
[0322] The information concerning by which mode the processing is
performed is recorded in "class information of defect management
processing" in the secondary defect list entry information in the
recording management data RMD as shown in FIG. 32 ((C3) in FIG.
1).
[0323] The following is provided for the content in the secondary
defect list entry information.
[1] In the Case of Replacement Mode
[0324] Class information of the defect management processing is set
at "01" (same as in the conventional DVD-RAM).
[0325] "Position information of the original ECC block" means the
position information of the ECC block which is found as a defective
place in the recordable range 205 of the user data, and the
information which is originally to be recorded in this place is not
recorded, but recorded in the spare area or the like.
[0326] "Position information of the replacement destination ECC
block" means the position information of the replacement place set
in the spare area SPA or the extended spare area 1 (ESPA1) and the
extended spare area 2 (ESPA2) in (e) in FIG. 23, and the
information, which is to be recorded in the defective place which
is found out in the recordable range 205 of the user data, is
recorded here.
[2] In the Case of Multiplexing Mode ((C3) in FIG. 1)
[0327] Class information of the defect management processing is set
at "10".
[0328] "Position information of the original ECC block" means the
position information of the non-defective place, in which the
information to be recorded is recorded and the information recorded
herein can be accurately reproduced.
[0329] "Position information of replacement destination ECC block"
means the position information of the place in which quite the same
content as the information recorded in the above described
"position information of the original ECC block" is recorded for
multiplexing set in the spare area SPA or the extended spare area 1
(ESPA1) and the extended spare area 2 (ESPA2) in (e) in FIG.
23.
[0330] When recorded in the above described "[1] replacement mode",
it is confirmed that the information recorded in the information
storage medium can be accurately read at the stage directly after
recording. However, there is the risk of being unable to reproduce
the above described record as a result of a flaw and dust attaching
to the information storage medium due to failure of the user
thereafter.
[0331] On the other hand, when recorded in the above described "[2]
multiplexing mode", even if the information cannot be partially
read due to attachment of a flaw and dust to the information
storage medium due to failure of the user, the same information is
backed up in the other part, and therefore, reliability of
information reproduction is enhanced dramatically. If replacement
processing of "[1] Replacement mode" is performed for the
information which is not read at this time by utilizing the above
described backed up information, reliability is further
enhanced.
[0332] Accordingly, by the processing of the above described "[2]
Multiplexing mode", or the combination of the processing of "[1]
Replacement mode" and the processing of "[2] Multiplexing mode",
there is provided an effect of being capable of securing high
information reproduction reliability after recording with a
countermeasure against a flaw and dust taken into
consideration.
[0333] As the method of describing the position information of the
above described ECC block, there exists the method of describing
the ECC block address, physical segment block address or data
segment address other than the method of describing the physical
sector number of the physical sector present at the head position
constituting the above described ECC block. As will be described
later, the area on the data which data of one ECC block size enters
is called a data segment in this embodiment. As a physical unit of
the place in which data is recorded on the information storage
medium, the physical segment block is defined, and one physical
segment block size corresponds to the size of the area in which one
data segment is recorded.
[0334] This embodiment also has a configuration in which the defect
position information which is detected in advance before
replacement processing. This makes it possible for the manufacturer
of the information storing media to inspect the defect state in the
recordable range 204 of the user data just before shipment and
record the defective place which is found out in advance (before
replacement processing), and also makes it possible for the
information recording and reproducing apparatus on the user side to
inspect the defect state in the recordable range 204 of the user
data when performing initializing processing and record the
defective place which is found out in advance (before replacement
processing).
[0335] The information indicating the defect position detected in
advance before replacement processing as described above is "the
presence and absence information of replacement processing of a
defective block to a spare block" (SLR: Status of Linear
Replacement) in the secondary defect list entry information shown
in FIG. 32.
[0336] When the presence and absence information SLR of replacement
processing of a defective block to a spare block is "0".
[0337] Replacement processing is performed for the defective ECC
block designated in "the original ECC block position information",
and reproducible information is recorded in the place designated in
"the replacement destination ECC block position information".
[0338] When the presence and absence information SLR of replacement
processing of a defective block to a spare block is "1".
[0339] The defective ECC block designated in "the original ECC
block position information" means the defective block detected in
advance at the stage before replacement processing, and the column
of "the replacement destination ECC block position information" is
blank (no information is recorded).
[0340] If the defective place is known in advance, there is
provided the effect of being capable of performing optimal
replacement processing at high speed (and in real time) at the
stage of the information recording and reproducing apparatus
recording the user data in the recordable information storage
medium. Especially when image information and the like are recorded
in the information storage medium, it is necessary to ensure
continuity at the time of recording, and high-speed replacement
processing based on the above described information becomes
important.
[0341] The characteristic of this embodiment lies in that the
management information area (RMD field 6) of the defect management
is extendable ([C] in FIG. 1). When a defect exists in the
recordable range 205 of the user data, replacement processing is
performed at a predetermined place in the spare area SPA or the
extended spare area ESPA, and one piece of secondary defect list
entry (Secondary Defect List Entry) information is added to each
one replacement processing, then the combination information of the
position information of the defective ECC block and the position
information of the ECC block utilized for replacement is recorded
in the RMD field 6. When a new defective place is found when
recording of new user data is repeated in the recordable range 205
of the user data, replacement processing is performed, and the
number of pieces of secondary defect list entry information
increases. By recording the recording management data RMD with
increased number of pieces of secondary defect list entry
information into the unrecorded area 206 in the recording position
management zone RMZ as shown in (b) in FIG. 22, extension of the
management information area of defect management (RMD field 6)
(FIG. 1 [C]) is handled.
[0342] By carrying out this embodiment, reliability of the defect
management information itself can be enhanced from the following
reasons.
[0343] 1) The recording position management data RMD can be
recorded by avoiding a defective place in the recording management
zone RMZ.
[0344] A defective place sometimes occurs in the recording position
management zone RMZ shown in (b) in FIG. 22. The unrecordable state
due to defect can be detected by verifying the content of the
recording management data RMD newly recorded in the recording
management zone RMZ just after recording. When the unrecordable
state is detected, the recording management data RMD is written
again next to it, and thereby, the recording management data RMD
can be recorded in such a manner as ensures high reliability.
[0345] 2) If reproduction of the past recording management data RMD
becomes impossible due to a flaw or the like attached to the
surface of the information storage medium, a certain degree of
backup becomes possible.
[0346] For example, in (b) in FIG. 22, the state in which a flaw is
made on the surface of the information storage medium due to a
user's mistake or the like after recording the recording management
data RMD #2, and reproduction of the recording management data RMD
#2 becomes impossible is assumed as an example. In this case, the
past defect management information (information in the RMD field 6)
can be restored to some degree by reproducing the information of
the recording management data RMD #1 instead.
[0347] The size information of the RMD field 6 is recorded at the
first place of the RMD field 6, and the management information area
(RMD field 6) of defect management is made extendable (FIG. 1 [C])
by making this field size variable. It is already described that
each RMD field is set at 2048 size (one physical sector size
amount), but when the information storage medium has many defects
and the number of times of replacement processing increases, the
size of the secondary defect list information increases, and cannot
be housed in 2048 byte-size (one physical sector size amount).
Considering this situation, the RMD field 6 is in the form to be
capable of being a plurality of times of 2048 size (recordable
across a plurality of sectors). Namely, when "the size of the RMD
field 6" exceeds 2048 bytes, the area of the size of a plurality of
physical sectors is allocated to the RMD filed 6.
[0348] In the secondary defect list information SDL, "the secondary
defect list discrimination information" indicating the start
position of the secondary defect list information SDL, and "update
counter of the secondary defect list (update times information)"
indicating how many times this secondary defect list information
SDL is rewritten are recorded other than the secondary defect list
entry information explained above. The data size of the entire
secondary defect list information SDL is known from "information of
the number of secondary defect list entries".
[0349] It is already described that user data is logically recorded
by R zone (R Zone) unit in the recordable range 205 of the user
data. Namely, a part of the recordable range 205 of the user data
reserved for recording the user data is called an R Zone. The R
Zone is divided into two kinds of R zones in accordance with the
recording condition. The type in which the additional user data can
be further recorded is called "open type R zone (Open R Zone)", and
the type in which the user data cannot be added further is called
"complete type R zone (Complete R Zone)".
[0350] In the writable range 205 of the user data, three or more of
"open R zones" cannot be included (namely, "open R zones" can be
set at only two spots in the recordable range 205 of the user
data). The place in which either of the above described two kinds
of R zones is not set in the recordable range 205 of the user data,
namely, the place which is reserved to record user data (as either
of the above described two kinds of R zones) is called "R zone in
undesignated state (Invisible R Zone)".
[0351] When user data is recorded in all the recordable range 205
of the user data, and cannot be added, this "Invisible R Zone" does
not exist. The position information up to the 254th R zone is
recorded in the RMD field 7. "Information of the number of entire R
zones" recorded in the first place in the RMD field 7 is the total
number of the number of "R zone in undesignated state (Invisible R
Zone)", the number of "Open R Zones" and the number of "Complete R
Zones" set logically in user data recordable range. Next, the
number information of the first "Open R Zone", and the number
information of the second "Open R Zone" are recorded. However, as
described above, three or more of "Open R Zones" cannot be included
in the recordable range 205 of the user data, and therefore, "1" or
"0" (when the first or the second Open R zone does not exist) is
recorded here. Next, the start position information and the end
position information of the first "Complete R Zone" are described
in physical sector number. Subsequently, the start position
information and the end position information from the second to the
254th are sequentially recorded in physical sector number.
[0352] Form the RMD field 8 on, the start position information and
the end position information from the 255th are sequentially
described in physical sector number, and it is possible to write
the information up to the RMD field 15 (up to 2047 Complete R Zones
at the maximum) at the maximum in accordance with the number of
"Complete R Zones".
[0353] An outline of conversion procedure of constructing the ECC
block from the data frame structure in which the user data of 2048
bytes unit is recorded, adding a synchronous code, and thereafter,
forming a physical sector structure for recording in the
information storage medium will be shown in FIGS. 34A to 34C. This
conversion procedure is adopted in common in all of the
reproduction-only information storage medium, the recordable
information storage medium and the rewritable information storage
medium. In accordance with the respective conversion stages, they
are called a data frame (Data Frame), a frame after scramble
(scrambled frame), recording frame (Recording Frame), or recorded
data field (Recorded Data Field). The data frame is where the user
data is recorded, and is constituted of main data of 2048 bytes,
data ID of 4 bytes, ID error detection code (IED) of 2 bytes,
reserved bytes (Reserved Bytes) RSV of 6 bytes, and error detection
code (EDC) of 4 bytes.
[0354] Initially, after IED (ID error detection code) is added to
the data ID which will be described later, reserved bytes of 6
bytes and main data of 2048 bytes are added, and after the error
detection code (EDC) is further added, scramble for the main data
is executed.
[0355] Here, Cross Reed-Solomon Error Correction Code is applied to
32 of data frames which are scrambled (scrambled frames), and ECC
encode processing is executed. Thereby, the recording frame is
constructed. This recording frame includes an outer parity code
(Parity of Outer-code) PO, and an inner parity code (Parity of
Inner-code) PI. PO and PI are error correction codes made for each
ECC block constituted of 32 scrambled frames.
[0356] The recording frame is subjected to ETM (Eight to Twelve
Modulation) for converting 8 data bits into 12 channel bits as
described above. The synchronous code (Sync Code) SYNC is added to
the head every 91 bytes, and 32 physical sectors are formed. As
described in the right frame in FIG. 34C, the characteristic of
this embodiment lies in that one error correction unit (ECC block)
is constituted of 32 sectors ((H2) in FIG. 2).
[0357] As will be described later, the numbers from "0" to "31" in
the respective frames in FIG. 38 or FIG. 39 indicate the numbers of
the respective physical sectors, and one large ECC block is
constituted by 32 physical sectors from "0" to "31" in total.
[0358] In the next generation DVD, it is demanded that accurate
information can be reproduced in error correction processing when a
flaw of about the same length as the current generation DVD is made
on the information storage medium surface. In the embodiment of the
present invention, recording density is enhanced with the aim of
increase in capacity. As a result, in the case of the conventional
one ECC block=16 sectors, the length of the physical flaw
correctable by error correction is shorter than as compared with
the conventional DVD. By providing the structure of constituting
one ECC block by 32 sectors as in the embodiment of the present
invention, the effect of being capable of elongating the tolerance
length of the flaw on the information storage medium surface
capable of error connection, and securing compatibility of ECC
block structure/format continuity of the current DVD is
provided.
[0359] FIG. 35 shows the structure in the data frame. One data
frame is 2064 bytes constituted of 172 bytes.times.2.times.6 rows,
in which main data of 2048 bytes is included.
[0360] FIG. 36A shows examples of the initial value which is given
to the feed back shift register when the frame after scrambling is
created, and FIG. 36B shows the circuit configuration of the feed
back shift register for creating scramble byte. r7 (MSB) to r0
(LSB) shifts by eight bits and used as scramble bytes. As shown in
FIG. 36A, 16 kinds of preset values are prepared in this
embodiment. The initial preset number in FIG. 36A equals to 4 bits
(b7 (MSB) to b4 (LSB)) of the data ID. At the time of start of
scramble of the data frame, the initial values of r14 to r0 have to
be set at the initial preset values of the Table in FIG. 36A. The
same initial preset value is used for 16 consecutive data frames.
Next, the initial preset value is switched, and the same switched
preset value is used for 16 consecutive data frames.
[0361] The lower 8 bits of the initial values of r7 to r0 are taken
out as scramble byte S0. Thereafter, 8-bit shift is performed, then
the scramble byte is taken out, and such operation is repeated 2047
times.
[0362] FIG. 37 shows the ECC block structure in this embodiment.
The ECC block is formed by 32 consecutive scrambled frames. 192
rows+16 rows are disposed in the vertical direction, and (172+10)*2
lines are disposed in the horizontal direction. Each of B0,0, B1,0,
. . . is 1 byte. PO and PI are error correction codes, and are an
outer parity and an inner parity respectively. In this embodiment,
the ECC block structure using the product code is constructed.
Namely, the data to be recorded in the information storage medium
is two-dimensionally disposed, and as the error correcting overhead
bit, PI (Parity in) is added to the "line" direction, and PO
(Parity out) is added to the "row" direction. By constructing the
ECC block structure using the product code like this, high error
correction ability by erasure correction and vertical and
horizontal repeating correction processing can be ensured.
[0363] The ECC block structure shown in FIG. 37 has the
characteristic in that PIs are set at two spots in the same "line"
unlike the ECC block structure of the conventional DVD. Namely, PI
of 10-byte size described in a centre in FIG. 37 is added to 172
bytes disposed at the left side of it. Namely, for example, PI of
10 bytes from B0,172 to B0,181 is added as PI to the data of 172
bytes from B0,0 to B0,171, and PI of 10 bytes from B1,172 to B1,181
is added as PI to the data of 172 bytes from B1,0 to B1,171. PI of
10 byte size described at the right end in FIG. 37 is added to 172
bytes disposed at the center at its left side. Namely, PI of 10
bytes from B0, 354 to B0,363 as PI is added to the data of 172
bytes from B0.182 to B0,353, for example.
[0364] FIG. 38 shows a frame arrangement explanatory view after
scramble. (6 rows.times.172 bytes) unit is dealt as a frame after
one scramble. Namely, one ECC block is constituted of consecutive
32 frames after scramble. Further, in this system, (block 182
bytes.times.207 bytes) is dealt as a pair. When L is affixed to the
number of the frame after each scramble of the ECC block at the
left side, and R is affixed to the number of the frame after each
scramble of the ECC block at the right side, the frames after
scramble are disposed as shown in FIG. 38. Namely, the left and
right frames after scramble alternately exist at the left side
block, and the frames after scramble alternately exist at the right
side block.
[0365] Namely, the ECC block is formed by 32 consecutive frames
after scramble. Each row of the odd-numbered sector at the left
side is exchanged with the row at the right side. 172.times.2
bytes.times.192 rows equals to 172 bytes.times.12 rows.times.32
scrambled frames, and is the data area. PO of 16 bytes is added to
each of 172.times.2 lines to form the outer code of RS (208, 192,
17). PI (RS (182, 172, 11)) of 10 bytes is added to each of
208.times.2 lines of left and right blocks. PI is also added to the
line of PO. The numerals in the frames indicate the scrambled frame
numbers, and R and L of the suffixes mean the right side half and
the left side half of the scrambled frame.
[0366] The characteristic of this embodiment lies in that the same
data frame is distributively disposed in a plurality of small ECC
blocks (FIG. 2 [H]). More specifically, in this embodiment, one
large ECC block is constituted of two small ECC blocks, and the
same data frame is distributively disposed alternately in two small
ECC blocks ((H1) in FIG. 2). In the explanation in FIG. 37, it is
already described that PI of 10-byte size described at the center
is added to 172 bytes disposed at its left side and PI of 10
bite-size described at the right end is added to 172 bytes disposed
at the center at its left side. Namely, the small ECC block at the
left side is constructed by the 172 bytes from the left end of FIG.
37 and PI of 10 bytes continuing from the 172 bytes, and the small
ECC block is constructed by the 172 bytes at the center and PI of
10 bytes at the right end of the 172 bytes. The mark in each frame
in FIG. 38 is set corresponding to this. For example, "2-R" in FIG.
38 shows the data frame number and which of left and right small
ECC blocks it belongs to (for example, this belongs to the small
ECC block at the right side in the second data frame).
[0367] As will be described later, in each physical sector finally
constructed, the data in the same physical sector is distributively
disposed in the left and right small ECC blocks alternately (the
left half column in FIG. 39 is included in the small ECC block at
the left side, and the right half column is included in the small
ECC block at the right side).
[0368] When the same data frame is distributively disposed in a
plurality of small ECC blocks (FIG. 1 [H]), reliability of recorded
data can be enhanced by enhancing the ability of correcting error
of the data in the physical sector (FIG. 39). For example, the case
where overwriting on the recorded data occurs due to deviation of
track at the time of recording, and data of one physical sector is
broken is considered. In the embodiment of the present invention,
the error in the broken data in one sector is corrected by using
two small ECC blocks. Therefore, the burden of error correction in
one ECC block is reduced, and error correction with high
performance is ensured. In the embodiment of the present invention,
the data ID is disposed at the head position of each sector after
formation of the ECC block, and therefore, verifying of data
position at the access time can be performed at high speed.
[0369] FIG. 39 is an explanatory view of an interleaving method of
PO. As shown in FIG. 39, 16 parity rows are distributed one by one.
Namely, each of 16 parity rows is disposed to every two recording
frames. Accordingly, the recording frame constituted of 12 rows
becomes 12 rows+one row. After the row interleave is performed, 13
row.times.182 bytes are referred to as the recording frame.
Accordingly, the ECC block after row interleave is performed is
constituted of 32 recording frames. In one recording frame, six
rows exist in each of right and left side blocks as explained in
FIG. 38. PO is disposed to be located at different positions in the
left block (182.times.208 bytes) and the right block (182.times.208
bytes).
[0370] In FIG. 39, one completed ECC block is shown. However, at
the time of reproducing actual data, such ECC blocks continuously
come to the error correction processing unit. In order to enhance
the correcting performance of such error correction processing, the
interleaving method as shown in FIG. 39 is adopted.
[0371] The physical sector structure is shown in FIG. 40. (a) in
FIG. 40 shows the even-numbered physical sector structure, and (b)
in FIG. 40 shows the odd-numbered data structure. In FIG. 40,
information of the outer parity PO shown in FIG. 39 is inserted in
the sync data field in the last two sync frames (namely, the
portion in which the portion where the last synch code is SY3 and
the sync data just after it, and the portion where the sync code is
SY1 and the sync data just after it are aligned) in both of the
even recorded data field and the odd recorded data field.
[0372] A part of PO at the left side shown in FIG. 38 is inserted
into the spots of the final two sync frames in the even recorded
data filed, and a part of PO at the right side shown in FIG. 38 is
inserted into the final two sync frame spots in the odd recorded
data field. As shown in FIG. 38, one ECC block is constructed by
the left and right small ECC blocks, and the data of different PO
groups (PO belonging to the left small ECC block or PO belonging to
the right small ECC block) are alternately inserted for each
sector. Both of the even-numbered physical sector structure shown
in (a) of FIG. 40, and the odd-numbered data structure shown in (b)
in FIG. 40 are divided into two by the center line.
"24+1092+24+1092 channel bits" at the left side of them is included
in the small ECC block at the left side shown in FIG. 37 or FIG.
38, and "24+1092+24+1092 channel bits" at the right side is
included in the small ECC block at the right side shown in FIG. 37
or FIG. 38.
[0373] When the physical sector structure shown in FIG. 40 is
recorded in the information storage medium, it is serially recorded
by each row.
[0374] Accordingly, when the channel bit data of the even-numbered
physical sector structure shown in (a) in FIG. 40, for example, is
recorded in the information storage medium, the data of 2232
channel bits to be recorded first is included in the small ECC
block at the left side, and the data of 2232 channel bits to be
recorded next is included in the small ECC bock at the right side.
The data of 2232 channel bits to be further recorded next is
included in the small ECC block at the left side.
[0375] On the other hand, when the channel bit data of the
odd-numbered data structure shown in (b) in FIG. 40 is recorded in
the information storage medium, the data of 2232 channel bits to be
recorded first is included in the small ECC block at the right
side, and the data of 2232 channel bits to be recorded next is
included in the small ECC block at the left side. The data of 2232
channel bits to be further recorded next is included in the small
ECC block at the right side.
[0376] The characteristic of this embodiment lies in that the same
physical sector is made to alternately belong to two small ECC
block every 2232 channel bits ((H1) in FIG. 2). Expressing this in
another way, the physical sector is formed in the form of
distributively disposing the data included in the small ECC block
at the right side and the data included in the small ECC block at
the left side alternately for every 2232 channel bits and is
recorded in the information storage medium. As a result, there
arises the effect of being capable of providing the structure
strong against burst error. For example, the burst error state in
which along flaw occurs in the circumferential direction of the
information storage medium and the data of more than 172 bytes
becomes unreadable is considered. Since the burst error of more
than 172 bytes of this case is distributively disposed in two small
ECC blocks, the burden of error correction in one ECC block is
reduced, and error correction with higher performance is
ensured.
[0377] The characteristic lies in that the data structure in the
physical sector differs depending on whether the physical sector
number of the physical sector constituting one ECC block is even
number or odd number ((H3) in FIG. 1), as shown in FIG. 40. Namely,
the data structure is in the following structure of 1) and 2). 1)
Small ECC block (right side or left side) to which the initial 2232
channel-bit data of the physical sector belongs differs. 2) The
data of different PO group is alternately inserted for each
sector.
[0378] As a result, the structure in which the data IDs are
disposed at the head positions of all the physical sectors is
ensured even after the ECC block is constructed, and therefore,
data position verification at the time of access can be performed
at high speed. The structure becomes more simple by adopting the PO
insertion method as shown in FIG. 39 than by mixedly inserting the
POs belonging to different small ECC blocks in the same physical
sector. As a result, information extraction at each sector after
error correction processing in the information producing apparatus
is facilitated, and organization processing of the ECC block data
in the information recording and reproducing apparatus can be
simplified.
[0379] As the method for realizing the above described content
concretely, the structure in which the interleave/insertion
position of the PO differs in the left and right ((H4) in FIG. 2).
The portions shown by the narrow double lines, or the portions
shown by the narrow double lines and slash lines in FIG. 39
indicate the interleave/insertion position of POs. POs are inserted
at the end of the left side in the even-numbered physical sector
number and at the end of the right side in the odd-numbered
physical sector number, respectively. By adopting this structure,
the structure in which the data ID is disposed at the head position
of the physical sector even after the ECC block is constructed.
Therefore, data position verification at the time of access can be
performed at high speed.
[0380] Examples of the concrete pattern contents from the sync
codes "SY0" to "SY3" shown in FIG. 40 are shown in FIG. 41. This
embodiment has three states from State 0 to State 2 corresponding
to the modulation rule (the detailed explanation will be made
later). Four kinds of sync codes from SY0 to SY3 are set, and the
sync code is selected from the left and right groups in FIG. 41 in
accordance with each state. In the current DVD standard, RLL (2,
10) (Run Length Limited: d=2, k=10: the smallest value is 2, the
largest value is 10 in the range where "0" continues in succession)
of 8/16 modulation (8 bits are converted into 16 channel bits) is
adopted as the modulation method, and four states from State 1 to
State 4 and 8 kinds of sync codes from SY0 to SY7 are set for
modulation. As compared with this, in this embodiment, the kind of
sync codes is decreased. In the information recording and
reproducing apparatus or the information reproducing apparatus, the
type of sync code is identified by the pattern matching method at
the time of reproducing information from the information storage
medium. By reducing the kind of sync codes dramatically as in this
embodiment, the target pattern required for matching can be
decreased. As a result, not only the processing efficiency is
enhanced by simplifying required processing for pattern matching,
but also recognition speed can be enhanced.
[0381] In FIG. 41, the bit (channel bit) shown by "#" expresses the
DSV (Digital Sum Value) control bit. The above described control
bit is determined to suppress the DC component (the value of DSV
approaches "0") by the DSV controller as will be described later.
It is also the characteristic of this embodiment that the polarity
inversion channel bit "#" is included in the sync code (FIG. 2
[I]). Including the frame data fields (fields of 1092 channel bits
in FIG. 40) at both sides with the above described sync codes
therebetween, the value of "#" can be selected to be "1" or "0" so
that DSV value macroscopically approach "0", and the effect of
being capable of performing DSV control from the macroscopic point
of view is provided.
[0382] The sync code in this embodiment is constituted of the
following (1) to (4) as shown in FIG. 41.
(1) Synchronous Position Detecting Code Part
[0383] This has a common pattern in all sync codes, and forms the
fixed code region. By detecting this code, the position of the sync
code can be detected. More specifically, this means the region of
"010000 000000 001001" of the final 18 channel bits in each sync
code in FIG. 41.
(2) Conversion Table Selection Code Part at the Time of
Modulation
[0384] This forms a part of a variable code region, and is a code
which changes corresponding to the State number at the time of
modulation. The first 1 channel bit in FIG. 41 corresponds to this.
Namely, when any of State 1 and State 2 is selected, the first one
channel bit becomes "0" in any of the codes from SY0 to SY3. On the
other hand, at the time of selecting State 0, the first one channel
bit of the sync code becomes "1". However, the first one channel
bit of SY3 in the State 0 becomes "0" as an exception.
(3) Sync Frame Position Identifying Code Part
[0385] This is the code for identifying the respective kinds from
SY0 to SY3 in the sync codes, and constitutes a part of the
variable code region. The channel bit part from the first to sixth
channel bits in each sync code in FIG. 41 corresponds to this. As
will be described later, from a continuing pattern of every three
sync codes detected in succession, the relative position in the
same sector can be detected.
(4) DC Suppressing Polarity Inversion Code Part
[0386] The channel bit at the position "#" in FIG. 41 corresponds
to this, and the bit at this position inverts or non-inverts,
whereby the DSV value of the channel bit string including the frame
data before and after it moves to be close to "0" as described
above.
[0387] In this embodiment, 8/12 modulation (ETM: Eight to Twelve
Modulation), and RLL (1, 10) are adopted as the modulation method.
Namely, 8 bits are converted into 12 channel bits at the time of
modulation, and the range in which "0" continues in succession
after conversion is set so that the minimum value (d value) is 1
and the maximum value (k value) is 10. In this embodiment higher
density than the prior art can be achieved by setting d=1, but it
is difficult to obtain sufficiently large reproduction signal
amplitude at the maximum density mark.
[0388] Thus, as shown in FIG. 5, the information recording and
reproducing apparatus of this embodiment has the PR equalizing
circuit 130 and the Viterbi decoder 156, and uses the technique of
PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood) to make very stable
signal reproduction possible. Since k=10 is set, eleven or more of
"0"s do not continue in succession in general modulated channel bit
data. By utilizing this modulation rule, in the above described
synchronous position detecting code unit, such a pattern as not
appear in general modulated channel bit data is given.
[0389] Namely, as shown in FIG. 41, 12 (=K+2) of "0"s continue in
succession in the synchronous position detecting code unit. In the
information recording and reproducing apparatus or the information
reproducing apparatus, the position of the synchronous position
detecting code unit is detected by finding this part. If too many
"0"s continue in succession, a bit shift error easily occurs.
Therefore, in order to relieve the harmful effect, in the
synchronous position detecting code unit, a pattern with a small
number of continuing "0"s is disposed immediately after it. In this
embodiment, d=1, and therefore, it is possible to set "101" as the
corresponding pattern. However, as described above, it is difficult
to obtain sufficiently large reproduction signal amplitude at the
position of "101" (the position of the maximum density pattern),
and therefore, "1001" is disposed instead, and the pattern of the
synchronous position detecting code unit as shown in 41 is
adopted.
[0390] This embodiment is characterized in that 18 channel bits at
the rear side in the sync code are independently set as (1)
synchronous position detecting code part, and 6 channel bits at the
front side are shared to be used as (2) conversion table selection
code part at the time of modulation, (3) synch frame position
identifying code part, and (4) DC suppressing polarity inversion
code part, as shown in FIG. 41. The synchronous position detection
accuracy is enhanced by facilitating individual detection by making
(1) synchronous position detecting code part independent in the
sync code. The 6 channel bits are shared by the code parts (2) to
(4), thereby providing the effect of decreasing the data size of
the entire sync code (channel bit size), and enhancing the
occupancy rate of the sync data to enhance the substantial data
efficiency.
[0391] The characteristic of this embodiment lies in that among
four kinds of sync codes shown in FIG. 41, only SY0 is disposed at
the first sync frame position in the sector as shown in FIG. 40. As
the effect of this, the head position in the sector can be
instantly determined only by detecting SY0, and head position
extraction processing in the sector is extremely simplified.
[0392] There is also provided the characteristic that the
combination patterns of continuing three sync codes are all
different in the same sector.
[0393] In this embodiment, a common modulation method which will be
explained below is adopted in all of the reproduction-only
type/recordable type/rewritable type information storage media.
[0394] 8-bit data word in the data field is converted into channel
bit on the disc by the 8/12 modulation (ETM: Eight to Twelve
Modulation) method. The channel bit string converted by the ETM
method satisfies the constraint of run length of RLL (1, 10) that
the channel bit 1b is apart by at least 1, and 10 channel bits at
the maximum.
[0395] Modulation is performed by using the code conversion table
shown in FIGS. 46 to 51. The conversion table shows each of data
words "000h" to "FFh", and 12 channel bits of the code word
corresponding to each of States 0 to 2, and States of the next data
words.
[0396] The configuration of the modulation block is shown in FIG.
42. X(t)=H{B(t),S(t)} S(t+1)=G{B(t),S(t)}
[0397] H represents a code word output function, and G represents a
next State output function.
[0398] Some 12 channel bits in the code conversion table include
asterisk bit "*" and sharp bit "#" as well as "0b" and "1b".
[0399] The asterisk bit "*" in the code conversion table indicates
that the bit is a merging bit. Some code words in the conversion
table have the merging bits at LSB. The merging bit is set at any
one of "0b" and "1b" by the code connector in accordance with the
channel bit following itself. When the following channel bit is
"0b", the merging bit is set at "1b". When the following channel
bit is "1b", the merging bit is set at "0b".
[0400] The sharp bit "#" in the conversion table indicates that the
bit is a DSV control bit. The DSV control bit is determined by
performing DC component suppressing control by the DSV
controller.
[0401] Concatenation rule for the cord word shown in FIG. 43 is
used for concatenating the code words obtained from the cord table.
When the adjacent two code words correspond to the pattern shown as
the previous code word and the current code word in the table,
these code words are replaced with the concatenation code word
shown in the table. "?" bit is any one of "0b", "1b" and "#". "?"
bits in the concatenation code word are not replaced, but are
assigned as the previous code word and the current code word.
[0402] Concatenation of the code words is applied at the previous
concatenation point first. The concatenation rule in the table is
applied in the sequence of index at each concatenation point. Some
code words are replaced twice for connecting the preceding code
word and the subsequent code word. The merging bit of the preceding
code word is determined before pattern matching for concatenation.
The DSV control bit "#" of the previous code word, or the current
code word is dealt as a special bit after and before code
connection. The DSV control bit is not "0b" or "1b", but "?". The
concatenation rule of the code words is not used for connecting a
code word to a sync code. The concatenation rule shown in FIG. 44
is used for connection of a code word and a sync code.
[0403] At the time of modulation of a recording frame, a sync code
is interposed at the head of each modulation code word of the data
word of 91 bytes. Modulation starts from State 2 after the sync
code, the modulation code word is sequentially outputted to the
head of each conversion code word as MSB, and is subjected to NRZI
conversion before recorded in the disc.
[0404] The sync code is determined by performing DC component
suppression control.
[0405] The DC component suppression control (DCC: DC component
suppression control) minimizes the absolute value of accumulated
DSV (digital sum value: addition is performed with "1b" set at +1,
and "0b" set at -1) in the NRZI conversion modulation channel bit
stream.
[0406] DCC algorithm controls selection of a code word and a sync
code for each of the following cases (a) and (b) so that the
absolute value of DSV is minimized.
[0407] (a) Selection of sync code (see FIG. 41)
[0408] (b) Selection of DSV control bit "#" of concatenation code
word
[0409] Selection is determined in accordance with the value of the
accumulated DSV at the position of each DSV bit of the
concatenation code word and sync code.
[0410] The DSV as the basis of calculation is added as the initial
value of 0 at the time of starting modulation, and addition
continues sequentially from that time on until the modulation is
finished, but the DSV is not reset at zero. The starting point of
selection of the DSV control bit is the DVS control bit, the
channel bit stream to minimize the absolute value of the DSV is
selected just before the next DSV control bit. Out of two channel
bit streams, the one with a smaller absolute value of DSV is
selected. If the absolute values of the DSVs of two channel bit
streams are the same, the DSV control bit "#" is set as "0b".
[0411] Considering maximum DSV in the calculation of scenario with
logical possibility, the range of DVS calculation needs to be at
least .+-.2047.
[0412] A demodulation method will be explained hereinafter.
[0413] A demodulator converts the code word of 12 channel bits into
the data word of 8 bits. The code word is reproduced by using the
detachment rule shown in FIG. 45 from the read bit stream. When the
adjacent two code words agree to the pattern of the detachment
rule, these code words are replaced with the current code word and
the subsequent code word shown in the table. "?" bit is any of
"0b", "1b" and "#". The "?" bits of the current code word and the
subsequent code word are not replaced, but assigned as they are in
the read code word.
[0414] The border of the sync code and the code word is detached
without being replaced.
[0415] Conversion from the code word into the data word is carried
out in accordance with the demodulation table shown in FIGS. 52 to
61. All the code words with possibility are described in the
demodulation table. "z" may be any data word of "00h" to "FFh". The
detached current code word is decoded by observing 4 channel bits
of the next code word, or the pattern of the next sync code.
[0416] Case 1: The next code word starts with "1b", or the next
sync code is SY0 to SY2 of State 0.
[0417] Case 2: The next code word starts with "0000b", or the next
sync code is SY3 of State 0.
[0418] Case 3: The next code word starts with "01b", "001b" and
"0001b", or the next sync code is SY0 to SY3 of State 1 and 2.
[0419] The pattern content of the reference code recorded in the
reference code recording zone RCZ shown in FIG. 21 will be
explained in detail.
[0420] In the current DVD, the "8/16 modulation" method for
converting 8-bit data into 16 channel bits is adopted as the
modulation method, and the repetition pattern of
"00100000100000010010000010000001" is used as the reference code
pattern as a channel bit string which is recorded in the
information storage medium after modulation.
[0421] As compared with this, in this embodiment, the ETM
modulation for modulating 8-bit data to 12 channel bits is used,
the run length constraint of RLL (1, 10) is performed, and the PRML
method is used for signal reproduction from the data lead-in area
DTLDI, the data area DTA, the data lead-out area DTLDO and the
middle area MDA. Accordingly, it is necessary to set the optimal
pattern of the reference code for the above described modulation
rule and PRML detection. In accordance with the run length
constraint of RLL (1, 10), the minimum value of succession of "0"
is "d=1", which results in the repetition pattern of "10101010".
When the distance from the code of "1" or "0" to the next adjacent
code is set at "T", the distance between the adjacent "1"s in the
above described pattern is "2T".
[0422] For densification of the information storage medium, the
reproduction signal from the repetition pattern ("10101010") of
"2T" which is recorded on the information storage medium is in the
vicinity of cutoff frequency of the MTF (Modulation Transfer
Function) characteristic of the objective lens (exists in the
information recording and reproducing unit 141 in FIG. 5) in the
optical head as described above in this embodiment. Therefore,
modulation degree (signal amplitude) is hardly obtained.
[0423] Accordingly, when the reproduction signal from the
repetition pattern ("10101010") of "2T" is used as the reproduction
signal used for circuit adjustment of the information reproducing
apparatus or the information recording and reproducing apparatus
(for example, initial optimization of each tap coefficient
performed in the tap controller in FIG. 9), it lacks stability with
large influence of noise.
[0424] Accordingly, it is desirable to perform circuit adjustment
for the signal after modulation performed in accordance with the
run length constraint of RLL (1, 10) by using the pattern of "3T"
with the next highest density.
[0425] When the DSV (Digital Sum Value) value of the reproduction
signal is considered, the absolute value of the DC (direct current)
value increases in proportion to the number of successions of "0"
between "1" and the next "1" which comes directly after the "1",
and the DC value is added to the immediately preceding DSV value.
The polarity of the DC value which is added is inverted each time
"1" comes.
[0426] Accordingly, as the method for making the DSV value "0"
where the continuous channel bit string continues in the reference
code, the method which will be described next increases the degree
of freedom of the reference code pattern design more than the
method of setting so that the DSV value is "0" in the 12 channel
bit string after ETM modulation. Namely, the number of occurrences
of "1" to the 12 channel bit string after ETM modulation is made an
odd number, and the DC component occurring in a set of reference
code cell constituted of 12 channel bits is cancelled off by the DC
component occurring to the reference code cell of 12 channel bits
of the next set. This increases the degree of freedom of reference
code pattern design more.
[0427] Accordingly, in this embodiment, the number of "1"s which
appear in the reference code cell constituted of 12 channel bit
string after ETM modulation is set at an odd number. In this
embodiment, the mark edge recording method in which the position of
"1" corresponds to the record mark or the border position of the
embossed pit is adopted for densification. For example, when the
repetition pattern of "3T" ("100100100100100100100") continues, and
the length of the record marks or the embossed pits, the length of
the space between them sometimes differ a little in accordance with
the recording condition or the mastering condition. When using the
PRML detection method, the level value of the reproduction signal
is very important, and in order to be able to detect signal with
stability and high precision even when the length of the record
marks and embossed bits and the length of the space therebetween
differs a little as described above, it becomes necessary to
correct the little difference in terms of circuit.
[0428] Accordingly, accuracy of adjustment of the circuit constant
is enhanced more with the presence of the record mark or the
embossed pit of the length of "3T" and the space of the length of
the same "3T" as the reference cord for adjusting the circuit
constant. Therefore, when the pattern of "1001001" is included
inside as the reference code pattern of this embodiment, the record
mark or the embossed pit and the space of the length of "3T" are
always disposed. For circuit adjustment, not only the pattern
("1001001") with high density, but also a pattern with low density
is needed. Accordingly, considering that a low density state
(pattern in which many continuous "0"s occur) is generated in the
part except for the pattern of "1001001" in the 12 channel bit
string after ETM modulation, and that the number of occurrences of
"1" is set at an odd number, the repetition of "100100100000"
becomes the optimal condition as the reference code pattern as
shown in FIG. 62. In order to make the channel bit pattern after
modulation the above described pattern, it is necessary to set the
data word before modulation at "A4h" from FIG. 59 when using the
aforementioned modulation table. The data of "A4h" (sexadecimal
notation) corresponds to the data symbol "164" (decimal
notation).
[0429] The method of creating a concrete data in accordance with
the above described data conversion rule will be explained. First,
the data symbol "164" (="0A4h") is set to the main data ("D0 to
D2047") in the above described data frame structure. Next, the data
frame 1 to data frame 15 are pre-scrambled in advance with the
initial preset number "0Eh", and the data frame 16 to the data
frame 31 are pre-scrambled in advance with the initial preset
number "0Fh". When pre-scramble is performed in advance, scramble
is doubly performed when scramble is performed in accordance with
the above described data conversion rule, (when the data is doubly
scrambled, it returns to the original pattern) the data symbol
"164" (="0A4h") appears as it is. If all the reference codes
constituted of 32 physical sectors are pre-scrambled, the DSV
control cannot be performed, and therefore, only the data frame 0
is not pre-scrambled in advance. The pattern shown in FIG. 62 is
recorded on the information storage medium when modulation is
performed after the above described scramble is performed.
[0430] The state in which the channel bit data having the structure
in one physical sector shown in FIG. 40 are continuously recorded
in the information storage medium 221 is shown in FIG. 63. In this
embodiment, the channel bit data which is recorded on the
information storage medium 221 has the hierarchic structure of the
record data as shown in FIG. 63 irrespective of the kinds
(reproduction-only type/recordable type/rewritable type) of the
information storage medium 221. Namely, one ECC block 401 that is
the largest data unit, by which the error detection or error
correction of the data is possible, is constituted of 32 physical
sectors 230 to 241.
[0431] As is already explained in FIG. 40, and as shown in FIG. 63
again, the sync frames #0 420 to #25 429 are constituted of 24
channel bit data forming any sync code (sync code 431) from "SY0"
to "SY3", and the sync data 432 having 1092 channel bit data size
disposed between the respective sync codes. Each of the physical
sectors 230 to 241 is constituted of 26 sync frames #0 420 to #25
429. As described above, one sync frame includes the data of 1116
channel bits (24+1092) as shown in FIG. 40, the sync frame length
433 which is the physical distance on the information storage
medium 221 where one sync frame is recorded is substantially
constant everywhere (when the change amount of the physical
distance for intra-zone synchronization is excluded).
[0432] Comparison of data recording modes (Format) of the
respective kinds of information storing media in this embodiment
will be explained. (a) in FIG. 64 shows the data recording modes in
the conventional reproduction-only information storage medium
DVD-ROM, the conventional recordable information storage medium
DVD-R and the conventional DVD-RW, (b) in FIG. 64 shows the data
recording mode of the reproduction-only information storage medium
in this embodiment, (c) in FIG. 64 shows the data recording mode of
the recordable information storage medium in this embodiment, and
(d) in FIG. 64 shows the data recording mode of the rewritable
information storage medium. For comparison, the sizes of the ECC
blocks 411 to 418 are made to be the same. However, one ECC block
is constituted of 16 physical sectors in the conventional
reproduction-only information storage medium DVD-ROM, the
conventional recordable information storage medium DVD-R and
conventional DVD-RW shown in (a) in FIG. 64, and this embodiment
shown in (b) to (d) in FIG. 64 differs from them in the point that
one ECC block is constituted of 32 physical sectors. It is the
characteristic of this embodiment that guard fields 442 to 448 each
of the same length as the sync frame length 433 are provided
between the respective ECC blocks #1 411 to #8 418 (FIG. 3 [K]) as
shown in (b) to (d) in FIG. 64. In the conventional
reproduction-only information storage medium DVD-ROM, the
respective ECC blocks #1 411 to #8 418 are recorded continuously as
shown in (a) in FIG. 64.
[0433] The conventional recordable information storage medium DVD-R
and the conventional DVD-RW have the problem that when recording or
rewriting processing called restricted overwrite is performed in
order to ensure compatibility of the data recording mode (format)
with the conventional reproduction-only information storage medium
DVD-ROM, a part of the ECC block is broken by overwriting and data
reliability at the time of reproduction is seriously impaired.
[0434] On the other hand, by disposing the guard fields 442 to 448
between the data fields (ECC blocks) as in this embodiment, the
effect that the overwriting place is limited to the guard fields
442 to 448 and data corruption of the data field (ECC block) can be
prevented is provided.
[0435] Another characteristic of this embodiment lies in that the
length of each of the above described guard fields 442 to 448 is
set at the sync frame length 433 which is one sync frame size as
shown in FIG. 64 ((K1) in FIG. 3).
[0436] As shown in FIG. 40 and FIG. 63, the synch codes are
disposed at the fixed sync frame length 433 of 1116 channel bits,
and in the sync code position detecting unit 145 shown in FIG. 5,
the sync code position is extracted by utilizing this fixed
intervals. By setting the length of each of the guard fields 442 to
448 at the sync frame length 433 in this embodiment, the sync frame
interval can be kept constant even if the guard areas 442 to 448
are spanned at the time of reproduction. Therefore, the effect of
facilitating detection of sync code position at the time of
reproduction is provided.
[0437] Further, with the purpose of the following 1) and 2), the
sync codes (sync data) is disposed in the guard field in this
embodiment ((K2) in FIG. 1).
1) Even in the place across the guard fields 442 to 448, frequency
of occurrence of the sync code is made consistent, and detection
accuracy of detection of the sync code position is enhanced.
2) Determination of the position in the physical sector including
the guard fields 442 to 448 is facilitated.
[0438] More specifically, as shown in FIG. 65C, a postamble field
481 is formed at the start position of each of the guard fields 442
to 468, and the sync code "SY1" of the sync code number "1" shown
in FIG. 41 is disposed in the postamble field 481.
[0439] As is known from FIG. 40, the combinations of the sync
numbers of three continuing sync codes in the physical sector
differ in all places. Further, the combinations of the sync numbers
of the three continuing sync codes with the sync code number "1"
took into consideration in the guard fields 442 to 448 also differ
in all places. Accordingly, by combination of sync code number of
three continuing sync codes in an optional field, not only the
position information in the physical sector, but also
discrimination of the position in the physical sector including the
place of the guard fields becomes possible.
[0440] The detailed structure in the guard fields 441 to 448 shown
in FIG. 64 is shown in FIG. 65C. It is shown in FIG. 63 that the
structure in the physical sector is constituted of the combination
of the sync codes 431 and the sync data 432. The characteristic of
the present invention lies in that the guard fields 441 to 448 are
also constituted of the combinations of the sync codes 433 and the
sync data 434, and that the data which is modulated in accordance
with the same modulation rule as the sync data 432 in the sector is
also disposed in the sync data 434 field in the guard field #3 443.
The field in the one ECC block #2412 constituted of 32 physical
sectors shown in FIG. 37 is called a data field 470 in the present
invention.
[0441] VFO (Variable Frequency Oscillator) areas 471 and 472 in
FIG. 65C are used for synchronizing the reference clock of the
information reproducing apparatus or the information recording and
reproducing apparatus when the data field 470 is reproduced. As the
data content which is recorded in the fields 471 and 472,
continuous repetition of data "7Eh" before modulation in the common
modulation rule which will be described later is cited, and the
channel bit pattern after modulation which is actually recorded is
the repetition pattern of "010001 000100" (the pattern in which
continuation of three "0"s is repeated). In order to obtain this
pattern, it is necessary to set the head bytes of the VFO fields
471 and 472 in the state of State 2 in modulation.
[0442] Pre-sync fields 477 and 478 express the border positions
between the above described VFO fields 471 and 472 and the data
field 470, and the record channel bit pattern after modulation is
the repetition of "100000 100000" (the pattern in which
continuation of five "0" is repeated). In the information
reproducing apparatus or the information recording and reproducing
apparatus, the pattern change positions of the repetition patterns
of "10000 100000" in the pre-sync fields 477 and 478 are detected
from the repetition patterns of "10001 000100" in the VFO fields
471 and 472, and getting near to the data field 470 is
recognized.
[0443] Postamble field 481 expresses the end position of the data
field 470 and also expresses the start position of the guard field
443. The pattern in the postamble field 481 corresponds to the
pattern of "SY1" among the sync codes (SYNC Codes) shown in FIG. 41
as described above.
[0444] Extra field 482 is a field which is used for copy control
and prevention of unauthorized copy. When the extra field 482 is
not specially used for copy control and prevention of unauthorized
copy, all channel bits are set at "0".
[0445] The data which is recorded in the buffer field is continuous
repetition of data "7Eh" before modulation as in the VFO fields 471
and 472, and the channel bit pattern after modulation which is
actually recorded is the repetition pattern of "010001 000100" (the
pattern in which continuous three "0"s is repeated). In order to
obtain this pattern, it is necessary to set the head bytes of the
VFO fields 471 and 472 at the state of "State 2" in modulation.
[0446] As shown in FIG. 65C, the postamble field 481 in which the
pattern of "SY1" is recorded corresponds to the sync code field
433, and the fields from the extra field 482 immediately after the
postamble field 481 to the pre-sync field 478 correspond to the
sync data field 434. The fields from the VFO field 471 to the
buffer field 475 (fields including the data field 470 and part of
the guard fields before and after the data field 470) are called a
data segment 490 in the present invention, and the data segment 490
shows a different content from the "physical segment" which will be
described later. The data size of each data shown in FIG. 65C is
expressed by the number of bytes of the data before modulation.
[0447] The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to
the structure shown in FIG. 65C, but the following method can be
adopted as another embodiment. Namely, instead of disposing the
pre-sync field 477 at the border portion of the VOF field 471 and
the data field 470, the pre-sync field 477 is disposed at a
midpoint between the VOF fields 471 and 472 in FIG. 65C.
[0448] In another embodiment, distance correlation is taken to be
large by increasing the distance between the sync code "SY0"
disposed at the head position of the data block 470 and the
pre-sync field 477, and the pre-sync field 477 is set as a
temporary Sync and is utilized as the distance correlation
information of the real Sync position (though different from the
distance from the other Sync). If the real Sync cannot be detected,
Sync is placed at the position where the real Sync which is
generated from the temporary Sync will be detected. The
characteristic of the other embodiment lies in that the pre-sync
field 477 is spaced by some distance from the real sync ("SY0") in
this manner. If the pre-sync field 477 is disposed at the beginning
of the VFO fields 471 and 472, the role of pre-sync is weakened
since the PLL of read clock is not locked. Accordingly, it is
desirable to dispose the pre-sync field 477 in the intermediate
position between the VFO fields 471 and 472.
[0449] In this embodiment, the address information in the
recordable (rewritable or recordable) information storage medium is
recorded in advance by using wobble modulation.
[0450] The characteristic of this embodiment lies in that the phase
modulation of .+-.90 degrees (180 degrees) is used as the wobble
modulation method, and the address information is recorded in
advance by adopting the NRZ (Non Return to Zero) method (FIG. 2
[J]). Concrete explanation will be made by using FIG. 66. In the
embodiment of the present invention, one address bit (also called
an address symbol) field 511 is expressed by 4 wobble cycles
concerning the address information, and the frequencies, amplitudes
and phases are respectively consistent everywhere in one address
bit field 511. When the same value continues as the value of the
address bit, the same phase continues at the border portion
(portion with "symbol .DELTA. (triangle)" affixed in FIG. 66) of
each one address bit field 511. When the address bit is inverted,
inversion of the wobble pattern (shift of 180 degrees of the phase)
occurs. In the wobble signal detection unit 135 of the information
recording and reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 5, the border
position of the above described address bit field 511 (place with
"symbol .DELTA. (triangle)" affixed in FIG. 66) and a slot position
512 which is a border position of one wobble cycle are
simultaneously detected.
[0451] A PLL (Phase Lock Loop) circuit not shown is incorporated in
the wobble signal detection unit 135, and PLL is carried out in
synchronism with both the border position and the slot position 512
of the above described address bit field 511. When the border
position or the slot position 512 of this address bit field 511
deviates, synchronism is deviated in the wobble signal detection
unit 135 and it becomes impossible to reproduce (read) an accurate
wobble signal. The interval between the adjacent slot positions 412
is called a slot interval 513, and as the slot interval 513 becomes
physically shorter, synchronism of the PLL circuit is more easily
taken, and it becomes possible to reproduce (read the information
content) the wobble signal stably. As is obvious from FIG. 66, when
the phase modulation method of 180 degrees which shifts to 180
degrees or 0 degree is adopted, this slot interval 513 corresponds
to one wobble cycle.
[0452] The AM (Amplitude Modulation) method which changes the
wobble amplitude as the wobble modulation method is susceptible to
dust and flaw attached on the information storage medium surface.
However, in the above described phase modulation, a change in phase
is detected instead of the signal amplitude, and therefore, the
phase modulation method is hardly influenced by dust and flaw on
the information storage medium surface comparatively. As another
modulation method, in the FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) method which
changes frequency, the slot interval 513 is long with respect to
the wobble cycle, and synchronism of the PLL circuit is relatively
difficult to take. Accordingly, when the address information is
recorded by the phase modulation of wobble as in this embodiment,
the slot interval is small, and therefore, the effect of easily
taking synchronism of the wobble signal is provided.
[0453] As shown in FIG. 66, the binary data of "1" or "0" is
assigned to one address bit field 511, an assigning method of bit
in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 67. As shown in the left side
of FIG. 67, the wobble pattern which firstly meanders to the outer
circumferential side from the start position of one wobble is
called NPW (Normal Phase Wobble), and is assigned with data of "0".
As shown in the right side, the wobble pattern which firstly
meanders to the inner circumferential side from the start position
of one wobble is called IPW (Invert Phase Wobble) and is assigned
with data of "1".
[0454] Comparison of the wobble dispositions and recording places
in the recordable information storage medium and the rewritable
information storage medium in this embodiment will be outlined by
using FIG. 68 and FIG. 69. (a) in FIG. 69 shows the wobble
disposition and the record mark 107 formation place in the
recordable information storage medium, and (b) and (c) in FIG. 69
shows the wobble disposition and the formation place of the record
mark 107 in the rewritable information storage medium. In FIG. 69,
the lateral direction is reduced, and the longitudinal direction is
extended as compared with the actual enlarged view. A CLV (Constant
Linear Velocity) method is adopted in the recordable information
storage medium as shown in FIG. 68 and (a) in FIG. 69, and the slot
position between the adjacent tracks and the border position of the
address bit field (portion shown by the dashed line in FIG. 69) are
deviated (in some places). The record mark 107 is formed on grooves
areas 501 and 502. In this case, the wobble position between the
adjacent tracks is asynchronous, and therefore, interference of the
wobble signal between the adjacent tracks occurs. As a result,
displacement of the slot position detected from the wobble signal
in the wobble signal detection unit 135 in FIG. 5 and the
displacement of the border position of the address bit field easily
occur. In order to overcome the technically difficult point,
occupancy rate of the modulation area is lowered ((J2) in FIG. 2)
as will be described later, and thereby, the modulation areas
between the adjacent tracks are displaced ((J5) in FIG. 3) in this
embodiment.
[0455] On the other hand, in the rewritable information storage
medium, "the land/groove recording method" which forms the record
marks 107 in both the land area 503 and the groove areas 501 and
502 is adopted as shown in FIG. 68 and (b) in FIG. 69, and Zoned
CAV (Zoned Constant Angular Velocity) that is the zone recording
method which divides the data area into 19 zones from 0 to 18 as
shown in FIG. 17 and synchronizes the wobbles between the adjacent
tracks in the same zone is adopted. In the rewritable information
storage medium in this embodiment, a large characteristic lies in
that "the land/groove recording method" is adopted and the address
information is recorded in advance by wobble modulation ((J4) in
FIG. 3).
[0456] When "the groove recording method" which records the record
marks 107 in only the groove areas 501 and 502 is adopted as shown
in (a) in FIG. 69, if the recording is performed by shortening the
track pitch which is the distance between the adjacent groove areas
501 and 502, the reproduction signal from the record mark 107
recorded on the one groove area 501 has the influence (crosstalk
between the adjacent tracks) from the record mark 107 recorded on
the adjacent groove area 502. Therefore, the track pitch cannot be
shortened very much and thus, the recording density is limited.
[0457] As compared with this, when the record marks 107 are
recorded on both the groove areas 501 and 502 and the land area 503
as shown in (b) in FIG. 69, if the level difference between the
groove areas 501 and 502 and the land area 503 is set at
.lamda./(5n) to .lamda./(6n) (.lamda.: wavelength of the optical
head light source utilized in reproduction, n: refractive index of
the transparent substrate of an information storage medium in the
aforesaid wavelength), there arises the phenomenon in which the
crosstalk between the adjacent areas (land and groove) is cancelled
off even if the track pitch is shortened. By utilizing this
phenomenon, the track pitch can be shortened more with "land/groove
recording method" than with "the groove recording method", and the
recording capacity as the information storage medium can be
increased.
[0458] If it is desired to have access to a predetermined position
on the information storage medium in an unrecorded state (the state
before the record marks 107 are recorded) with high accuracy, it is
necessary to record address information on the information storage
medium in advance. If this address information is recorded in
advance in the form of embossed pit, it is necessary to form the
record marks by avoiding the embossed pit area, and the recording
capacity decreases by the amount of the embossed pit area.
[0459] As compared with this, by recording the address information
by wobble modulation as in the rewritable information storage
medium of this embodiment ((J4) in FIG. 3), the record mark 107 can
be formed on the area subjected to wobble modulation, and
therefore, high recording efficiency is obtained, thus increasing
the recording capacity. By adopting "the land/groove recording
method" and recording the address information in advance by wobble
modulation as described above, the record mark 107 can be recorded
with high efficiency, and the recording capacity as the information
storage medium can be enhanced.
[0460] In accordance with the user demand that the recording
capacity of a recordable information storage medium corresponds to
the that of a reproduction-only information storage medium, the
recording capacities of the recordable information storage medium
and the reproduction-only information storage medium correspond to
each other as known from the comparison of the columns of "the
recording capacity usable by user" in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19.
Accordingly, capacity as large as that of the rewritable
information storage medium is not needed, and therefore, the
recordable information storage medium adopts "the groove recording
method" as shown in (a) in FIG. 69.
[0461] In the method shown in (b) in FIG. 69, the slot positions
and the border positions (the portion shown by the dashed line in
FIG. 69) of the address bit areas between the adjacent tracks are
all correspond to each other, and therefore, interference of the
wobble signals between the adjacent tracks does not occur. Instead,
an indefinite bit area 504 occurs. In (c) in FIG. 69, the case
where the address information of "0110" is recorded by wobble
modulation in the upper groove area 501 is considered. When the
address information of "0010" is recorded by wobble modulation in
the lower groove area 502 next, the indefinite bit area 504 in the
land shown in (c) in FIG. 69 occurs. The width of the land changes
in the indefinite bit area 504 in the land, which is in the state
where a wobble detection signal cannot be obtained from here. In
order to eliminate this technical difficulty, a gray code
((J4.beta.) in FIG. 2) is adopted in this embodiment as will be
described later, and an indefinite bit area is also formed in the
groove area by locally changing the width of the groove area
((J4.gamma.) in FIG. 2), and the indefinite bits are distributively
disposed in both the land area and groove area ((J4.delta.) in FIG.
2).
[0462] The point of this embodiment lies in that considering
occurrence of the above described indefinite bit area 504, "the
land/groove recording method" is used, and the wobble phase
modulation of 180 degrees (.+-.90 degrees) is incorporated in the
wobble modulation for recording the address information
((J4.alpha.) in FIG. 3). When an indefinite bit occurs on the land
as a result of changing the track number on the groove in the "L/G
record+wobble modulation of the groove", there arises the problem
that the entire level of the reproduction signal from the record
mark recorded thereon changes and the error rate of the
reproduction signal from the record mark there locally increases.
However, the wobble modulation for the groove is performed by the
phase modulation of 180 degrees (.+-.90 degrees) as in this
embodiment, and thereby, the land width changes in the form of
bilateral symmetry and sine wave in the indefinite bit position on
the land. Therefore, the entire level change of the reproduction
signal from the record mark is in the very gentle shape close to
the sine wave shape. When tracking is further performed stably, the
indefinite bit position on the land can be estimated in advance.
Therefore, according to this embodiment, the structure in which the
reproduction signal quality is easily improved by performing
correction processing in terms of circuit for the reproduction
signal from the record mark can be realized.
[0463] By using FIG. 68, and FIGS. 70A and 70B, the address
information which is recorded in advance by using wobble modulation
in the recordable information storage medium and the rewritable
information storage medium will be explained. FIG. 70A shows the
address information content and the setting method of the address
in the recordable information storage medium. FIG. 70B shows the
address information content in the rewritable information storage
medium and the setting method of its address. As for the detailed
content, the physical recording place unit on the information
storage medium is called "a physical segment block" in both of the
recordable information storage medium and rewritable information
storage medium, and the unit of data to be recorded (as a channel
bit string) is called "a data segment". The data of one data
segment is recorded in the area of one physical segment block
length (the physical length of one physical segment block agrees to
one data segment length when being recorded on the information
storage medium). One physical segment block is constituted of seven
physical segments. The user data of one ECC block shown in FIG. 37
is recorded in one data segment.
[0464] As shown in FIG. 68, since the "groove recording method" is
adopted in CLV in the recordable information storage medium, the
data segment address number Da is utilized as shown in FIG. 70A as
the address information on the information storage medium. This
data segment address may be called ECC block address (number), and
physical segment block address (number). In order to further obtain
detailed position information in the same data segment address Da,
the physical segment sequence Ph is owned as the address
information. Namely, each physical segment position on the
recordable information storage medium is specified by the data
segment address Da and the physical segment sequence Ph. The data
segment address Dais assigned with the numbers from the inner
circumferential side along the groove areas 501, 502, 507 and 505
in the ascending order, and as for the physical segment sequence
Ph, numbers from "0" to "6" are repeatedly set from the inner
circumferential side to the outer circumference.
[0465] In the rewritable information storage medium, the data area
is divided into 19 zones as shown in FIG. 17. Since the grooves are
connected in the spiral shape, the length of one circumference of
each of the adjacent tracks differs from each other between the
adjacent tracks, and the length of the difference between the
adjacent tracks is set for each zone to be within .+-.4 channel
bits when the length of the channel bit interval T is made equal
everywhere. The border positions of the physical segments or the
physical segment blocks agree to each other (synchronize) between
the adjacent tracks in the same zone.
[0466] Accordingly, the position information of the rewritable
information storage medium is given in the zone address (number)
Zo, track address (number) Tr, and the physical segment address
(number) Ph as shown in FIG. 68 and FIG. 70B. The track address Tr
expresses the track number from the inner circumference to the
outer circumference in the same zone, and the same track address
number Tr is set for a set of the adjacent land area and groove
area (for example, the set of the land area 503 and the groove area
502, and the set of the land area 507 and the groove area 505).
[0467] The indefinite bit area 504 frequently appears in the part
of "Ph=0" and "Ph=1" of the land area 507 in FIG. 70B, and
therefore, it becomes impossible to decode the track address Tr.
Therefore, recording of the record mark 107 in this area is
prohibited. The physical segment address (number) Ph expresses the
relative physical segment number in one circumference of the same
track, and the number of the physical segment address Ph is
assigned with the switching position of the zone in the
circumferential direction as the reference. Namely, the start
number of the physical segment address Ph is set at "0" as shown in
FIG. 70B.
[0468] The recording form of the address information using wobble
modulation in the recordable information storage medium in the
embodiment of the present invention will be explained by using FIG.
71. The address information setting method using wobble modulation
in this embodiment has the large characteristic in that "assignment
is performed with the sync frame length 433 as the unit" shown in
FIG. 64. As shown in FIG. 40, one sector is constituted of 26 sync
frames, and one ECC block is constituted of 32 physical sectors as
known from FIG. 34C. Therefore, one ECC block is constituted of
26.times.32=832 sync frames. Since the length of each of the
lengths of the guard fields 442 to 468 existing between the ECC
blocks 411 to 418 agrees to one sync frame length 433, and
therefore, the length of one guard area field 462 and one ECC block
411 being added up is constituted of 832+1=833 sync frames.
[0469] Since 833 can be factorized into prime numbers as (1), the
structure and disposition which take advantage of this
characteristic is adopted. 833=7.times.17.times.7 (1)
[0470] Namely, as shown in (a) in FIG. 71, the area of which length
equals to the lengths of one guard field and one ECC block added up
is defined as a data segment 531 as the basic unit of the
rewritable data (the structures in the data segments 490 shown in
FIG. 65C agree to each other irrespective of the reproduction-only
information storage medium, the rewritable information storage
medium and the recordable information storage medium), and the area
of the same length as the physical length of one data segment 531
is divided into "seven" physical segments #0 550 to #6 556
((K3.epsilon.) in FIG. 4)), and the address information is recorded
in advance in the form of wobble modulation for each of the
physical segments #0 550 to #6 556. As shown in FIG. 71, the border
position of the data segment 531 and the border position of the
physical segment 550 do not agree to each other, but is deviated by
the amount which will be described later.
[0471] Further, each of physical segments #0 550 to #6 556 is
divided into 17 wobble data units (WDU: Wobble Data Unit) #0 560 to
#16 576 ((J1) in FIG. 2, (c) in FIG. 71). It can be known that
seven sync frames are assigned to the length of each of the wobble
data units #0 560 to #16 576 from the expression (1). The physical
segment is constituted of 17 wobble data units in this manner ((J1)
in FIG. 1), and the length of the seven physical segments is
conformed to the data segment length ((K3.epsilon.) in FIG. 4),
whereby the sync frame border is secured in the range across the
guard fields 442 to 468 and detection of the sync code 431 (FIG.
63) is facilitated. In the rewritable information storage medium,
an error of the reproduction signal from the record mark easily
occurs in the place of the indefinite bit area 504 (FIG. 69).
However, since the number of physical sectors 32 constituting the
ECC block and the number of physical segments 7 are in the
relationship in which they are indivisible by each other
(non-multiple relationship), the data recorded in the indefinite
bit area 504 is prevented from being arranged on the straight line
in the ECC block shown in FIG. 37, and the effect of being capable
of preventing reduction of the error correction ability in the ECC
block can be also provided.
[0472] Each of the wobble data units #0 560 to #16 576 is
constituted of a modulation area with 16 wobbles and non-modulation
areas 590 and 591 each with 68 wobbles as shown in (d) in FIG. 71.
This embodiment has a large characteristic that occupancy ratio of
the non-modulation areas 590 and 591 to the modulation area is made
large to a large degree ((J2) in FIG. 3). The groove area or the
land area always wobbles at a constant frequency in the
non-modulation areas 590 and 591. Therefore, PLL (Phase Locked
Loop) is performed by utilizing this non-modulation areas 590 and
591, it is made possible to stably extract (generate) a reference
clock at the time of reproducing the record mark recorded in the
information storage medium and the recording reference clock at the
time of newly recording.
[0473] The occupancy ratio of the non-modulation areas 590 and 591
to the modulation area is made significantly large in this
embodiment, the accuracy and extraction (generation) stability of
extraction (generation) of the reproducing reference clock or
extraction (generation) of the recording reference clock can be
enhanced remarkably. Namely, when the phase modulation in the
wobble is performed, if the reproduction signal is passed through
the band pass filter for waveform shaping, the phenomenon that the
detection signal waveform amplitude after shaping becomes small
appears before and after the phase change point. Accordingly, there
arises the problem that when the frequency of the phase change
point by phase modulation becomes high, the waveform amplitude
variation increases and the above described clock extraction
accuracy reduces, while when the frequency of the phase change
point in the modulation area is low on the other hand, bit shift at
the time of detection of wobble address information tends to occur.
Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the effect
of enhancing the above described clock extraction accuracy is
provided by constituting the modulation area by the phase
modulation and the non-modulation area, and making the occupancy
rate of the non-modulation area high.
[0474] In the embodiment of the present invention, the switching
position of the modulation area and the non-modulation area can be
estimated in advance. Therefore, the signal of only the
non-modulation area is detected by gating the non-modulation area
for the above described clock extraction, and the above described
clock extraction can be performed from the detection signal.
[0475] When shifting to the modulation area from the non-modulation
areas 590 and 591, the modulation start marks 581 and 582 are set
by using 4 wobbles, so that the wobble address areas 586 and 587
which are modulated in wobble come immediately after the modulation
start marks 581 and 582 are detected. In order to actually extract
a wobble address information 610, the wobble sync area 580 and each
of the wobble address areas 586 and 587 in each of the physical
segments #0 550 to #6 556 except for the non-modulation areas 590
and 591 and the modulation start marks 581 and 582 as shown in (d)
in FIG. 71 are collected and disposed again as shown in (e) in FIG.
71.
[0476] As shown in (d) in FIG. 71, in each of the wobble address
areas 586 and 587, three address bits are set with 12 wobbles
((J2.alpha.) in FIG. 3). Namely, continuous four wobbles constitute
one address bit. In this manner, this embodiment takes the
structure in which the address information is distributively
disposed every three address bits ((J2.alpha.) in FIG. 3). If the
wobble address information 610 is intensively recorded at one spot
in the information storage medium, it becomes difficult to detect
all information when dust or a flaw attaches to the surface. As
shown in (d) in FIG. 71, the wobble address information 610 is
distributively disposed at every three address bits (12 wobbles)
included in each of the wobble data units 560 to 576, and a sizable
amount of information is recorded in every address bits which are
an integral multiple of three address bits. Therefore, there is
provided the effect of making it possible to detect information of
the other information when information detection of one spot is
difficult due to influence of dust or a flaw.
[0477] As described above, by distributively disposing the wobble
address information 610, and by conclusively disposing the wobble
address information 610 for each of the physical segments 550 to
557 ((J1.alpha.) in FIG. 2), the address information can be known
for each of the physical segments 550 to 557. Therefore, when the
information recording and reproducing apparatus accesses the
medium, the current position can be known by the physical segment
unit.
[0478] In this embodiment, the NRZ method is adopted as shown in
FIG. 66, and therefore, the phase does not change in the continuous
4 wobbles in the wobble address areas 586 and 587. By utilizing
this characteristic, the wobble sync area 580 is set. Namely, by
setting the wobble pattern which is difficult to generate in the
wobble address information 610 is set in the wobble sync area 580
((J3) in FIG. 3), position discrimination of the wobble sync area
580 is facilitated. The embodiment of the present invention has the
characteristic in that in contrast to the wobble address areas 586
and 587 in which continuous four wobbles constitute one address
bit, one address bit length is set at the length other than four
wobbles at the position of the wobble sync area 580. Namely, in the
wobble sync area 580, the wobble pattern change such as "6
wobbles.fwdarw.4 wobbles.fwdarw.6 wobbles" which is different from
4 wobbles and which cannot occur in the wobble address areas 586
and 587 is set in the area where wobble bit is "1".
[0479] By utilizing the method of changing the wobble cycle
((J3.alpha.) in FIG. 3) as described above as the concrete method
for setting the wobble pattern which cannot occur in the wobble
address areas 586 and 587 for the wobble sync area 580, the
following effects 1 and 2 are provided.
1. Wobble detection (determination of a wobble signal) can be
continued stably without breakage of the PLL concerning the slot
position 512 (FIG. 66) of the wobble performed in the wobble signal
detection unit 135 in FIG. 5.
2. The detection of the wobble sync area 580 and the modulation
start marks 561 and 582 can be easily detected by the deviation of
the address bit border position performed in the wobble signal
detection unit 135 in FIG. 5.
[0480] As shown in (d) in FIG. 71, the characteristic of this
embodiment lies in that the wobble sync area 580 is formed of 12
wobble cycles and the length of the wobble sync area 580 is
conformed to the length of three address bits ((J3.beta. in FIG.
3). Thereby, all the modulation areas (16 wobbles) in one wobble
data unit #0 560 are assigned to the wobble sync are 580, and
thereby, detection easiness of the start position (placement
position of the wobble sync area 580) of the wobble address
information 610 is enhanced.
[0481] As shown in (c) in FIG. 71, the wobble sync area 580 is
disposed in the initial wobble data unit #0 560 in the physical
segment #0 550. By disposing the wobble sync area 580 at the head
position in the physical segment #0 550 ((J3.gamma.) in FIG. 3) in
this manner, there arises the effect of being capable of easily
extracting the border position of the physical segment by only
detecting the position of the wobble sync area 580.
[0482] The modulation start marks 581 and 582 are disposed at the
head position prior to the wobble address areas 586 and 587 in the
wobble data units #1 561 and #2 562, and the waveform of IPW shown
in FIG. 67 is set. In the non-modulation areas 590 and 591 disposed
at the position prior to this, consecutive waveform of NPW is set.
In the wobble signal detection unit 135 shown in FIG. 5, the
switching point from NPW to IPW is detected, and the positions of
the modulation start marks 581 and 582 are extracted.
[0483] As shown in (e) in FIG. 71, the content of the wobble
address information 610 is expressed by the following 1 to 5.
1. Track Addresses 606 and 607
[0484] These addresses mean the track numbers in the zone, and the
groove track address 606 of which address is defined on the groove
area (indefinite bit is not included.fwdarw.indefinite bit occurs
on the land), and the land track address 607 of which address is
defined on the land (indefinite bit is not
included.fwdarw.indefinite bit occurs on the groove) are
alternately recorded. Concerning only the track addresses 606 and
607, the track number information is recorded in the gray code
shown in FIG. 72 (details will be described later)
2. Physical Segment Address 601
[0485] This is the information showing the physical segment number
in the track (in one circumference in the information storage
medium 221). The number of physical segments in the same track is
shown by the "number of physical segments per track" in FIG. 17.
Accordingly, the maximum value of the physical segment address 601
in each zone is specified by the number shown in FIG. 17.
3. Zone Address 602
[0486] This shows the zone number in the information storage medium
221 and the value of "n" of "Zone (n)" shown in FIG. 17 is
recorded.
4. Parity Information 605
[0487] This is the thing set for error detection at the time of
reproduction from the wobble address information 610, and is the
information of adding up 14 address bits from the reserved
information 604 to the zone address 602 in each address bit unit
individually, and displaying whether the addition result is odd
number or even number. The value of the parity information 605 is
set so that the result of taking the Exclusive OR in each address
bit unit with respect to the total of 15 address bits including one
address bit of this address parity information 605 becomes "1".
5. Unity Area 608
[0488] The content of each of the wobble data units #0 560 to #16
576 is set to be constituted of the modulation area of 16 wobbles
and the non-modulation areas 590 and 591 each with 68 wobbles as
described above, and the occupancy ratio of the non-modulation
areas 590 and 591 to the modulation area is made significantly
large. Further, the occupancy ratio of the non-modulation areas 590
and 591 is made large, and thereby, accuracy and stability of the
extraction (generation) of the reproducing reference clock or the
recording reference clock are further enhanced.
[0489] The place which includes a unity area 608 shown in (e) in
FIG. 71 corresponds to the wobble data unit #16 576 in (c) in FIG.
71 and the whole of the wobble data unit #15 just before it though
not shown. In the monotone information 608, all of 6 address bits
are "0". Therefore, the modulation start marks 581 and 582 are not
set in the wobble data unit #16 576 including the monotone
information in which all are NPWs and the wobble data unit #15
directly before it though not shown, and all of them are the
non-modulation area with uniform phase.
[0490] The number of address bits assigned to each of the above
described information is shown in (e) in FIG. 71.
[0491] As described above, the wobble address information 610 is
separated every three address bits and is distributively disposed
in the wobble data units 560 to 576. Even if a burst error occurs
due to dust or a flaw on the surface of the information storage
medium, the probability of an error spreading across the different
wobble data units 560 to 576 is very low. Therefore, as the place
where the same information is recorded, the number of times of
spreading across different wobble data units is reduced as much as
possible, and a contrivance is made to conform the break of each
information to the border positions of the wobble data units 560 to
576. Thereby, even if specific information cannot be read as a
result that a burst error occurs doe to dust or a flaw on the
surface of an information storage medium, the other information
recorded in each of the other wobble data units 560 to 576 is made
readable, and thereby, reproduction reliability of the wobble
address information is enhanced. More specifically, as shown in (e)
in FIG. 71, nine address bits are assigned to the unity area 608,
and thereby, the border position between the unity area 608 and a
land track address 607 immediately before it and the border
position of the wobble data unit are made to correspond to each
other ((J3.delta.) in FIG. 3).
[0492] From the same reason, the zone address 605 expressed by five
address bits, and the parity information 605 expressed by one
address bit are made adjacent to each other ((J4.epsilon.) in FIG.
3), and thereby, the total value of the address bits of both of
them is made six address bits (corresponding to address bits of two
wobble data units).
[0493] It is also the large characteristic of the embodiment of the
present invention that the unity area 608 is disposed at the end in
the wobble address information 610 ((J3.epsilon.) in FIG. 3) as
shown in (e) in FIG. 71. As described above, the wobble waveform
becomes that of NPW in the unity area 608, and therefore, NPW
substantially continues in succession in the three consecutive
wobble data units 576. By utilizing this characteristic, there is
provided the effect that the position of the unity area 608
disposed at the end of the wobble address information 610 can be
easily extracted by the wobble signal detection unit 135 in FIG. 5
finding the place where NPW continues in succession by the length
of three wobble data units 576, and the start position of the
wobble address information 610 can be detected by utilizing the
position information.
[0494] Among various kinds of address information shown in FIG. 71,
FIG. 70B or FIG. 68, the physical segment address 601 and the zone
address 602 show the same values between the adjacent tracks, but
the values of the groove track address 606 and the land track
address 607 change between the adjacent tracks. Therefore, the
indefinite bit area 504 shown in (c) in FIG. 69 appears in the area
where the groove track address 606 and the land track address 607
are recorded. In order to reduce the indefinite bit frequency, the
address (number) is expressed by using the gray code of which
example is shown in FIG. 72 as for the groove track address 606 and
the land track address 607 in this embodiment. The gray code means
the code after conversion when the original value changes by "1" as
in FIG. 72 changes by only "one bit" anywhere. Thereby, the
indefinite bit frequency is reduced, and signal detection of not
only a wobble detection signal but also a reproduction signal from
the record mark can be stabilized.
[0495] The algorithm for concretely realizing gray code conversion
shown in FIG. 72 is shown in FIG. 73. For the original binary code,
the most significant 11th bit is conformed to the 11th bit of the
gray code as they are. Concerning the lower codes from them, the
result of adding (taking Exclusive OR) the binary code of "the mth
bit" and the binary code of "the m+1th bit" which is upper than it
by one bit is converted into the gray code of "the mth bit".
[0496] In this embodiment, the contrivance to distributively
dispose the indefinite bit area in the groove area ((J4.gamma.) in
FIG. 3) is made. More specifically, by partially changing the
widths of the groove areas 501 and 502, the width of the land area
503 sandwiched therebetween is made constant from FIG. 74. The
widths of the groove areas 501 and 502 can be changed by locally
changing the light amount of laser light for exposure at the point
of time when the groove areas 501 and 502 are made in the master
recording apparatus for the information storage medium. Thereby,
the land area is also given the area in which an indefinite bit
does not enter and the track address is defined, and thereby,
address detection with high accuracy is also made possible in the
land area. More specifically, the land width is made constant by
using the above described method in the place in the land area
where the information of the land track address 607 in (e) in FIG.
71 is recorded. Thereby, the address information can be detected
stably without inclusion of an indefinite bit concerning the land
track address 607 in the land area.
[0497] In this embodiment, indefinite bits are distributively
disposed ((J4.sigma.) in FIG. 3) in both the land area and the
groove area. More specifically, at the rightmost side in FIG. 74,
the widths of the groove areas 501 and 502 are changed to make the
width of the land area 503 constant. At a slightly left side from
the center of FIG. 74, the widths of the groove areas 501 and 502
are kept constant, but the width of the land area 503 locally
changes. The groove width is made constant in the place in the
groove area where the information of the groove track address 606
is recorded in (e) in FIG. 71 by utilizing this method. Therefore,
concerning the groove track address 606 in the groove area, the
address information can be detected stably without inclusion of the
indefinite bit. If indefinite bits are intensively disposed in
either one of the land area or the groove area, the frequency at
which the error detection occurs becomes very high at the time of
reproduction of address information at the part where the
indefinite bits are intensively disposed. The risk of error
detection is distributed by distributively disposing the indefinite
bits in the land area and the groove area, and the system which
facilitates to stably detect the address information totally can be
provided. The area where the track address is defined without
inclusion of the indefinite bits can be estimated in advance in
each of the land area and groove area by distributively disposing
indefinite bits in both the land area and the groove area like
this, and therefore, track address detection accuracy is
enhanced.
[0498] As already explaining by using FIG. 68, the record mark is
formed on the groove area and the CLV recording method is adopted
in the recordable information storage medium of this embodiment. It
is already described that in this case, the wobble slot positions
are displaced between the adjacent tracks, and therefore,
interference between the adjacent wobbles is easily exerted on the
wobble reproduction signal. In order to remove this influence, a
contrivance to shift the modulation area ((J5) in FIG. 3) is made
so that the modulation areas of the adjacent tracks do not overlap
each other in this embodiment.
[0499] More specifically, it is made possible to set a primary
position 701 and a secondary position 702 in the position of the
modulation area as shown in FIG. 75. Basically, the method in which
all the modulation areas are temporarily disposed at the primary
position as the placement position, and if there arises the place
where the modulation areas partially overlap each other between the
adjacent tracks, the modulation area is partially shifted to the
secondary position. For example, when the modulation area of the
groove area 505 is set at the primary position in FIG. 75, the
modulation area of the adjacent groove area 502 and the modulation
area of the groove area 506 partially overlap each other, and
therefore, the modulation area of the groove area 505 is shifted to
the secondary position. Thereby, interference between the
modulation areas of the adjacent tracks in the reproduction signal
from the wobble address is prevented, and the effect of being
capable of reproducing the wobble address stably can be
provided.
[0500] The concrete primary position and the secondary position
concerning the modulation area are set by switching the positions
in the same wobble data unit. In this embodiment, the occupancy
rate of the non-modulation area is set higher than that of
modulation area ((J2) in FIG. 3), and therefore, switching of the
primary position and the secondary position can be performed by
only changing the position in the same wobble data unit. Thereby,
the same placement of the physical segments 550 to 557 and
placement of the wobble data units 560 to 576 as shown in (b) and
(c) in FIG. 71 as in the rewritable information storage medium also
becomes possible in the recordable information storage medium, and
compatibility with different kinds of media can be enhanced. More
specifically, in the primary position 701, the modulation area 598
is disposed at the head position in each of the wobble data units
560 to 571 as shown in (a) and (c) in FIG. 76. In the secondary
position 702, the modulation area 598 is disposed at the latter
half position in each of the wobble data units 560 to 571 as shown
in (b) and (d) in FIG. 76.
[0501] In the recordable information storage medium of this
embodiment, the first three address bits of the wobble address
information 610 are utilized for the wobble sync area 580 and are
recorded in the wobble data unit #0 560 disposed initially in each
of the physical segments 550 to 556 as in the rewritable
information storage medium in (e) in FIG. 71. The modulation area
598 shown in each of (a) and (b) in FIG. 76 shows the wobble sync
area 580. The initial IPW areas in the modulation area 598 in (c)
and (d) in FIG. 76 correspond to the modulation start marks 581 and
582 shown in (d) in FIG. 71. The address bits #2 to #0 in the
modulation areas 598 in (c) and (d) in FIG. 76 correspond to the
wobble address areas 586 and 587 shown in (d) in FIG. 71.
[0502] The characteristic of this embodiment lies in that the
wobble sync patterns in the wobble sync areas are changed in the
primary position 701 and the secondary position 702 ((J5.beta.) in
FIG. 3). In (a) in FIG. 76, as the wobble sync pattern of the
wobble sync area 580 which is the modulation area 598, six wobbles
(cycles) are assigned to each IPW and four wobbles (cycles) are
assigned to NPW. On the other hand, in the modulation area 598 in
(b) in FIG. 76, the number of wobbles (wobble cycles) which are
assigned to each IPW is 4, but six wobbles (cycles) are assigned to
NPW. In the wobble signal detection unit 135 in FIG. 5, by only
detecting the difference in the wobble sync pattern immediately
after rough access, the position of the modulation area (the
difference between the primary position 701 and the secondary
position 702) is known, and it is easy to estimate the place of the
modulation area to be detected next in advance. Therefore,
preparation for detection of the modulation area to come next can
be made in advance, and therefore, signal detection
(discrimination) accuracy in the modulation area can be
enhanced.
[0503] Other examples except for the examples shown in (a) and (b)
in FIG. 76 are shown in (b) and (d) in FIG. 77 concerning the
relationship between the position of the modulation area and the
wobble sync pattern. For comparison, the example of (a) in FIG. 76
is shown in (a) in FIG. 77 and the example shown in (b) in FIG. 76
is shown in (c) in FIG. 77. In (b) and (d) in FIG. 77, the numbers
of wobbles which are assigned to the IPW and the NPW in the
modulation area 598 are made opposite to those in (a) and (c) in
FIG. 77 (four wobbles are assigned to the IPW and six wobbles are
assigned to the NPW).
[0504] The application range of the primary position 701 and the
secondary position 702 shown in FIG. 76 and FIG. 77, namely, the
range in which the primary position or the secondary position
continues in succession is defined to be the range of the physical
segment in this embodiment. Namely, as shown in FIG. 78, three
kinds (plurality of kinds) from (a) to (c) of disposition patterns
of the modulation area in the same physical segment are given
((J5.alpha.) in FIG. 1), the wobble signal detection unit 135 in
FIG. 5 identifies the disposition pattern of the modulation area in
the physical segment from the wobble sync pattern or the
information of the type identification information 721 of the
physical segment which will be described later as described above,
whereby the position of the other modulation area 598 in the same
physical segment can be estimated in advance. As a result,
detection of the modulation area to come next can be prepared in
advance, and therefore, the effect of being capable of enhancing
signal detection (discrimination) accuracy in the modulation area
is provided.
[0505] In FIG. 78, the second stage shows the disposition of the
wobble data unit in the physical segment, and the number described
in each frame in the second stage shows the wobble data unit number
in the same physical segment. The 0th wobble data unit is called a
sync field 711 as shown in the first stage, and the wobble sync
area exists in the modulation area in the sync field. The first to
the eleventh wobble data units are each called an address field
712, and the address information is recorded in the modulation area
in this address field 712. The twelfth to the sixteenth wobble data
unit is a unity field 713 in which all the wobble patterns are
NPW.
[0506] Marks "P" described in the third stage and thereafter in
FIG. 78 show that the modulation area is at the primary position in
the wobble data unit, and marks "S" shows that the modulation area
in the wobble data unit is at the secondary position. The mark "U"
shows that the wobble data unit is included in the unity field 713
and the modulation area does not exist. The disposition pattern of
the modulation area shown in (a) in FIG. 78 shows that the entire
physical segment becomes the primary position, while the
disposition pattern of the modulation area shown in (b) in FIG. 78
shows that the entire physical segment becomes the secondary
position. In (c) of FIG. 78, the primary position and the secondary
position are mixed in the same physical segment, the modulation
area becomes the primary position in the 0th to the fifth wobble
data units, and the modulation area becomes the secondary position
in the sixth to the eleventh wobble data units. As shown in (c) in
FIG. 78, by disposing the primary positions and the secondary
positions half-and-half in the area with the sync field 711 and the
address field 712 added up, and thereby, overlap of the modulation
areas between the adjacent tracks can be finely prevented.
[0507] FIG. 79 shows an embodiment relating to a data structure in
wobble address information of a recordable type information
recording medium. FIG. 79(a) shows a data structure in wobble
address information of a rewriteable type information recording
medium for comparison. FIGS. 79 (b) and (c) show two embodiments
relating to data structures in wobble address information of
recordable type information recording mediums.
[0508] In wobble address area 610, 3 address bits is set with 12
wobble (see FIG. 66). In other words, 1 address bit is constituted
by 4 successive wobbles. In the embodiment, address information are
distributively disposed every 3 address bits. If the wobble address
information 610 is intensively recorded at one spot in the
information storage medium, it becomes difficult to detect all
information when dust or a flaw attaches to the surface. In the
embodiment, the wobble address information 610 is distributively
disposed at every three address bits (12 wobbles) included in each
of the wobble data units 560 to 576, and a sizable amount of
information is recorded in every address bits which are an integral
multiple of three address bits. Therefore, there is provided the
effect of making it possible to detect information of the other
information when information detection of one spot is difficult due
to influence of dust or a flaw.
[0509] As described above, by distributively disposing the wobble
address information 610, and by conclusively disposing the wobble
address information 610 for each of the physical segments, the
address information can be known for each of physical segments.
Therefore, when the information recording and reproducing apparatus
accesses the medium, the current position can be known by the
physical segment unit.
[0510] As for reference, in wobble address information 610 of
rewritable type information recording medium, the following
information (1) to (4) are recorded.
(1) Physical Segment Address 601
[0511] This is the information showing the physical segment number
in the track (in one circumference in the information storage
medium 221).
(2) Zone Address 602
[0512] This shows the zone number in the information storage medium
221.
(3) Parity Information 605
[0513] This is the thing set for error detection at the time of
reproduction from the wobble address information 610, and is the
information of adding up 14 address bits from the reserved
information 604 to the zone address 602 in each address bit unit
individually, and displaying whether the addition result is odd
number or even number. The value of the parity information 605 is
set so that the result of taking the Exclusive OR in each address
bit unit with respect to the total of 15 address bits including one
address bit of this address parity information 605 becomes "1".
(4) Unity Area 608
[0514] The content of each of the wobble data units is set to be
constituted of the modulation area of 16 wobbles and the
non-modulation areas 590 and 591 each with 68 wobbles as described
above, and the occupancy ratio of the non-modulation areas 590 and
591 to the modulation area is made significantly large. Further,
the occupancy ratio of the non-modulation areas 590 and 591 is made
large, and thereby, accuracy and stability of the extraction
(generation) of the reproducing reference clock or the recording
reference clock are further enhanced. In unity area 608, all NPW
areas exist continuously and unity area 608 is non-modulation area
of uniform phase.
[0515] The number of address bits assigned to each of the above
described information is shown in (e) in FIG. 71. As described
above, the wobble address information 610 is separated every three
address bits and is distributively disposed in the wobble data
units. Even if a burst error occurs due to dust or a flaw on the
surface of the information storage medium, the probability of an
error spreading across the different wobble data units is very low.
Therefore, as the place where the same information is recorded, the
number of times of spreading across different wobble data units is
reduced as much as possible, and a contrivance is made to conform
the break of each information to the border positions of the wobble
data units. Thereby, even if specific information cannot be read as
a result that a burst error occurs doe to dust or a flaw on the
surface of an information storage medium, the other information
recorded in each of the other wobble data units 560 to 576 is made
readable, and thereby, reproduction reliability of the wobble
address information is enhanced.
[0516] It is also the large characteristic of the embodiment of the
present invention that the unity area 608, 609 is disposed at the
end in the wobble address information 610 as shown in (a)-(c) in
FIG. 79. As described above, the wobble waveform becomes that of
NPW in the unity area 608, 609 and therefore, NPW substantially
continues in succession in the three consecutive wobble data units
576. By utilizing this characteristic, there is provided the effect
that the position of the unity area 608 disposed at the end of the
wobble address information 610 can be easily extracted by the
wobble signal detection unit 135 in FIG. 5 finding the place where
NPW continues in succession by the length of three wobble data
units 576, and the start position of the wobble address information
610 can be detected by utilizing the position information.
[0517] Among various kinds of address information shown in FIG.
79(a), the physical segment address 601 and the zone address 602
show the same values between the adjacent tracks, but the values of
the groove track address 606 and the land track address 607 change
between the adjacent tracks. Therefore, the indefinite bit area 504
appears in the area where the groove track address 606 and the land
track address 607 are recorded. In order to reduce the indefinite
bit frequency, the address (number) is expressed by using the gray
code as for the groove track address 606 and the land track address
607 in this embodiment. The gray code means the code after
conversion when the original value changes by "1" changes by only
"one bit" anywhere. Thereby, the indefinite bit frequency is
reduced, and signal detection of not only a wobble detection signal
but also a reproduction signal from the record mark can be
stabilized.
[0518] As shown by FIG. 79(b)-79(c), in recordable type information
recording medium as same as in rewritable type information
recording medium, wobble sync area 680 is allocated at a starting
position of physical segment to enable to easily detect a starting
position of physical segment or a border position between adjacent
physical segments. The type identifying information 721 of the
physical segment shown in (b) in FIG. 79 shows the position of the
modulation area in the physical segment as the wobble sync pattern
in the aforementioned wobble sync area 580. As a result, the
position of the other modulation area 598 in the same physical
segment can be estimated in advance, and detection of the
modulation area to come next can be prepared in advance, thus
providing the effect of being capable of enhancing signal detection
(discrimination) accuracy in the modulation area.
[0519] The following is expressed in concrete.
[0520] When the type identifying information 721 of the physical
segment is "0", all the physical segments shown in (a) in FIG. 78
are the primary positions, or are in the mixed state of the primary
positions and the secondary positions shown in (c) in FIG. 78.
[0521] When the type identifying information 721 of the physical
segment is "1", all the physical segments are the secondary
positions as shown in (b) in FIG. 78.
[0522] As another example of the above described example, the
position of the modulation area in the physical segment can be
shown by the combination of the wobble sync pattern and the type
identifying information 721 of the physical segment ((J5.delta.) in
FIG. 3). By combining the aforesaid two kinds of information, three
or more kinds of position patterns of the modulation areas shown in
(a) to (c) in FIG. 78 can be expressed, and a plurality of position
patterns of the modulation areas can be given. The relationship
between a combination method of the wobble sync pattern and the
type identifying information of the physical segment in another
example and the position pattern of the modulation area is shown in
FIG. 80.
[0523] In FIG. 80, A shows the aforementioned combination, and
shows the primary position or the secondary position with the
wobble sync pattern, and shows whether all of the physical segment
is at the secondary position with the type identifying information
721 of the physical segment ("1" when all of it is at the secondary
position, and in the other cases, "0"). In the case of A, and in
the case of mixture, the wobble sync pattern in (a) of FIG. 77 is
recorded in the primary position, and the wobble sync pattern of
(c) in FIG. 77 is recorded in the secondary position.
[0524] On the other hand, in the example of B, it is shown whether
all positions in the physical segment agree to each other, or are
mixed ("1" in the case where all positions agree, and "0" in the
case of mixture) with the type identifying information 721 of the
physical segment.
[0525] In the example of C, it is shown whether all positions in
the physical segment agree or mixed by the wobble sync pattern, and
it is shown whether the secondary positions exist or not in the
physical segment with the type identifying information 721 of the
physical segment ("1" in the case where the secondary position
exists even partially, "0" in the other cases).
[0526] In the above described embodiment, the positions of the
modulation areas in the physical segment in which the wobble sync
area 580 and the type identifying information 721 of the physical
segment are included are shown. However, the present invention is
not limited to this, and, for example, as another example, the
wobble sync area 580 and the type identifying information 721 of
the physical segment may show the position of the modulation area
in the physical segment which will come next. Thereby, in the case
of continuously tracking along the groove area, there arises the
effect that the position of the modulation area in the next
physical segment is known in advance, and the preparation time for
modulation area detection can be taken longer.
[0527] Layer number information 722 in the recordable information
storage medium shown in (b) in FIG. 79 shows which of the one side
surface with one recording layer and the one side surface with two
recording layers the recording layer indicates, and means the
following:
[0528] "0" means the "L0 layer" (front side layer at the laser
light incident side) in the case of the one side surface with one
recording layer medium or one side surface with two recording
layers.
[0529] "1" means "L1 layer" (back side layer of the laser light
incident side) of the one side surface with two recording
layers.
[0530] Physical segment sequence information 724 shows the position
sequence of the relative physical segments in the same physical
segment block as shown in FIG. 68, FIGS. 70A and 70B. As is obvious
by comparing with (a) in FIG. 79, the head position of the physical
segment sequence information 724 in the wobble address information
610 agrees to the head position of the physical segment address 601
in the rewritable information storage medium. By conforming the
physical segment sequence information position to the rewritable
type ((J5.epsilon.) in FIG. 3), compatibility with the different
types of media is enhanced, and commonality and simplification of
the address detecting control program using the wobble signal in
the information recording and reproducing apparatus in which both a
rewritable information storage medium and a recordable information
recording medium can be used.
[0531] As explained with FIG. 68, and FIGS. 70A and 70B, the data
segment address 725 describes the address information of the data
segment in numbers.
[0532] As is already explained, one ECC block is constituted by 32
sectors in this embodiment. Accordingly, the lower 5 bits of the
physical sector number of the sector disposed at the head in a
specific ECC block agrees to the sector number of the sector
disposed at the head position in the adjacent ECC block. When the
physical sector number is set so that the lower 5 bits of the
physical sector number of the sector disposed at the head in the
ECC block become "00000", the higher values from the sixth lowest
bits of the physical sector number of all the sectors existing in
the same ECC block agree to each other.
[0533] Accordingly, the lower 5-bit data of the physical sector
number of the sector which exists in the above described same ECC
block is removed, and the address information from which the data
of the sixth lowest bit or higher is extracted is set as the ECC
block address (or the ECC block address number). The data segment
address 725 (or the physical segment block number information)
which is previously recorded by the wobble modulation agrees to the
above described ECC block address. Therefore, when the position
information of the physical segment block by the wobble modulation
is expressed by the data segment address, the data amount decreases
by 5 bits as compared with the case where the position information
is expressed by the physical sector number, and therefore, there
arises the effect of simplifying the current position detection at
the time of access.
[0534] A CRC code 726 is the CRC code (error correction code) for
24 address bits from the type identifying information 721 of the
physical segment to the data segment address 725. If the wobble
modulation signal is partially read erroneously, it can be
partially corrected by this CRC code 726.
[0535] Each of the address bits shown in the lowest stage in (b) of
FIG. 79 is used for describing the information content. In the
writable information storage medium, the area corresponding to the
remaining 15 address bits is assigned to the unity area 609, and
five wobble data units from the 12th to the 16th are all NPW (the
modulation area 598 does not exist).
[0536] A method for recording the aforementioned data segment data
into the physical segment or the physical segment block in which
the address information is recorded in advance by wobble modulation
explained above will be explained. In both of the rewritable
information storage medium and the recordable information storage
medium, the data is recorded in the recording cluster unit as the
unit in which the data is continuously recorded. The layout of the
recording cluster is shown in FIG. 81. In each of the recording
clusters 540 and 542, one or more (integer) of data segments 531
having the data structure shown in (a) in FIG. 71 continues in
succession, and at the head or the end of the data segments 531,
the extension guard fields 528 and 529 are set.
[0537] The extension guard fields 528 and 529 are set in the
recording clusters 540 and 542. They are for partially overwriting
by physically overlapping between the adjacent recording clusters
so that a gap does not occur between the adjacent recording
clusters, when data is newly recorded or rewritten in the unit of
the recording clusters 540 and 542. As the positions of the
extension guard fields 528 and 529 which are set in the recording
clusters 540 and 542, the extension guard field 528 is disposed at
the end of the recording cluster 540 in the example in (a) in FIG.
81 ((K3.gamma.) in FIG. 4).
[0538] In the case of using this method, the extension guard field
528 comes after the postamble area 526 shown in (a) in FIG. 71.
Therefore, the postamble area 526 is not mistakenly broken at the
time of rewriting especially in the rewritable information storage
medium, protection of the postamble area 526 at the time of
rewriting can be performed, and reliability in position detection
using the postamble area 526 at the time of data reproduction can
be secured. As another example, the extension guard field 529 can
be disposed at the head of the recording cluster 542 as in (b) in
FIG. 81 ((K3.delta.) in FIG. 4).
[0539] In this case, as known by combining (b) in FIG. 81 and (a)
in FIG. 71, the extension guard field 529 comes immediately before
the VFO area 522, and therefore, the VFO area 522 can be taken to
be sufficiently long at the time of rewriting or recording.
Therefore, PLL lead in time concerning the reference clock at the
time of reproducing the data field 525 can be taken to be long, and
reproduction reliability of the data recorded in the data field 525
can be enhanced. By adopting the structure in which the recording
cluster expressing the rewriting unit is constructed by one or more
data segments ((K3.alpha.) in FIG. 4) like this, there arises the
effect of being capable of easily performing mixture recording
processing of PC data (PC file) in which a small data amount is
rewritten many times and AV data (AV file) in which a large amount
of data is continuously recorded at one time.
[0540] Namely, as for the data used for a personal computer, a
comparatively small amount of data is rewritten many times.
Accordingly, if rewritable or recordable data unit is set to be as
much as small, a recording method suitable for PC data is provided.
In the embodiment of the present invention, 32 physical sectors
constitute the ECC block as shown in FIG. 34C. Therefore, the data
segment unit which includes only one ECC block by which rewriting
or recording is performed is the minimum unit by which rewriting or
recording is performed with high efficiency. Accordingly, the
structure in this embodiment in which one or more data segments is
included in the recording cluster expressing the rewriting unit or
the recording unit is the recording structure suitable for the PC
data (PC file).
[0541] In the AV (Audio Video) data, an extremely large amount of
image information and sound information need to be continuously
recorded without being cut halfway. In this case, continuously
recorded data is recorded collectively as one recording cluster. At
the time of recording AV data, random shift amount, the structure
in the data segment, the attribute of the data segment and the like
are switched for each data segment constructing one recording
cluster, time for switching processing is taken, and continuous
recording processing becomes difficult. In this embodiment, it is
made possible to construct the recording cluster by continuously
arranging the data segments of the same type (the attribute and the
random shift amount are not changed, without interposing specific
information between the data segments) as shown in FIG. 81.
Therefore, not only the record format suitable for AV data
recording for recording a large amount of data continuously can
provided, but also the structure in the recording cluster is
simplified, simplification of the recording control circuit and
reproduction detection circuit is achieved, and reduction in price
of the information recording and reproducing apparatus or the
information reproducing apparatus is made possible.
[0542] The data structure in which the data segments continuously
aligned in the recording cluster 540 shown in FIG. 81 (except for
the extended guard field 528) has quite the same structure as the
reproduction-only information storage medium shown in (b) in FIG.
64 and the recordable information storage medium shown in (c) in
FIG. 64. All the information storage media have the common data
structures irrespective of the reproduction-only type/recordable
type/rewritable type like this, compatibility of the media is
secured, a detection circuit of the information recording and
reproducing apparatus or the information reproducing apparatus in
which compatibility is secured can be shared. Thus, high
reproducing reliability can be secured and reduction in cost can be
realized.
[0543] By taking the structure in FIG. 81, the random shift amounts
of all the data segments inevitably agree in the same recording
cluster ((K3.beta.) in FIG. 4). As will be described later,
recording cluster is recorded by performing random shift in the
rewritable information storage medium. In this embodiment, the
random shift amounts of all the data segments agree in the same
recording cluster 540. Therefore, when reproduction is performed
across different data segments in the same recording cluster 540,
synchronization (resetting of phase) in the VFO area (522 in FIG.
71) becomes unnecessary, and it becomes possible to simplify the
reproduction detection circuit and secure high reliability in
reproduction detection at the time of continuous reproduction.
[0544] A rewritable data recording method for recording in the
rewritable information storage medium is shown in FIG. 82. The
layout in the recording cluster in the rewritable information
storage medium of this embodiment will be explained by using an
example taking the layout in (a) in FIG. 81. However, in this
embodiment, without being limited to this, the layout shown in (b)
in FIG. 81 may be adopted in the rewritable information storage
medium. (a) in FIG. 82 shows the same content as the aforementioned
(d) in FIG. 64.
[0545] In this embodiment, rewriting concerning the rewritable data
is performed in the unit of the recording clusters 540 and 541
shown in (b) and (e) in FIG. 82. One recording cluster is
constructed by one or more the data segments 529 to 531, and the
extended guard field 528 which is disposed at the end. Namely, the
start position of one recording cluster 541 corresponds to the
start position of the data segment 531, and starts from the VFO
area 522. When a plurality of data segments 529 and 530 are
continuously recorded, a plurality of data segments 529 and 530 are
continuously disposed in the same recording cluster 540, and the
buffer area 547 which exists at the end of the data segment 529 and
the VFO area 532 which exits at the head of the next data segment
are continuously connected, as shown in (b) and (c) in FIG. 82.
Therefore, the phases of both of them (of recording reference clock
at the time of recording) agree to each other.
[0546] When the continuous recording is finished, the extended
guard area 528 is disposed at the end position of the recording
cluster 540. The data size of this extension guard area 528 has the
size of 24 data bytes as the data before modulation.
[0547] As known from the correspondence of (a) in FIG. 82 and (c)
in FIG. 82, the postample areas 546 and 536, the extra areas 544
and 534, the buffer areas 547 and 537, the VFO areas 532 and 522,
and the pre-sync areas 533 and 523 are included in the guard areas
461 and 462 of the rewritable type, and the extended guard field
528 is disposed only in the continuous record finishing place.
[0548] For comparison of the physical range of the rewritable unit,
(c) in FIG. 82 shows a part of the recording cluster 540 which is
the rewritable unit of the information, and (d) in FIG. 82 shows a
part of the recording cluster 541 which is the unit to be rewritten
next. The characteristic of the present invention lies in that
rewrite is performed so that the extended guard area 528 and the
VFO area 522 at the rear side partially overlap each other in the
rewriting time overlapping spots 541 ((K3) in FIG. 4). Rewrite is
performed by partially overlapping as described above, and thereby,
a gap (area where record mark is not formed) between the recording
clusters 540 and 541 is prevented from occurring. As a result,
stable reproduction signal can be detected by removing the
interlayer crosstalk in a recordable information storage medium of
one side surface with two recording layers.
[0549] As is known from (a) in FIG. 71, rewritable data size in one
data segment in the embodiment of the present invention is
expressed by the following expression (2). 67+4+77376+2+4+16=77469
data bytes (2)
[0550] As is known from (c) and (d) in FIG. 71, one wobble data
unit 560 is expressed by the following expression (3). 6+4+6+68=84
wobbles (3)
[0551] 17 wobble data units constitute one physical segment 550,
and the length of seven physical segments 550 to 556 corresponds to
the length of one data segment 531. Therefore, the following (4) is
disposed in the length of one data segment 531.
84.times.17.times.7=9996 wobbles (4)
[0552] Accordingly, the following expression (5) corresponds to one
wobble from the expression (2) and the expression (4).
77496/9996=7.75 data bytes/wobbles (5)
[0553] As shown in FIG. 83, the overlapping portions of the next
VFO area 522 and the extended guard field 528 after 24 wobbles from
the head position of the physical segment. As is known from (d) in
FIG. 71, the portion from the head of the physical segment 550 up
to 16 wobbles is in the wobble sync area 580, and 68 wobbles
thereinafter is the non-modulation area 590. Accordingly, the
portion where the next VFO area 522 and the extended guard field
528 overlap each other after 24 wobbles is in the non-modulation
area 590. By making the head position of the data segment come
after 24 wobbles from the head position of the physical segment
((K5) in FIG. 4), not only the overlapping spot is in the
non-modulation area 590, but also detection time of the wobble sync
area 580 and the preparation time of the recording processing can
be taken appropriately. Therefore, stable and highly accurate
recording processing can be ensured.
[0554] The recording film of the rewritable information storage
medium in this embodiment uses a phase change recording film. Since
deterioration of the recording film starts in the vicinity of
rewrite starting/finishing position in the phase change recording
film, and therefore, if record start/record finish is repeated at
the same position, the limitation of the number of rewrites due to
deterioration of the recording film occurs. In order to reduce the
above described problem, at the time of rewrite, as shown in FIG.
83, the record starting position is shifted by Jm+1/12 data bytes,
and the record starting position is shifted at random in the
embodiment of the present invention.
[0555] In (c) and (d) in FIG. 82, the head position of the extended
guard field 528 and the head position of the VFO area 522
correspond to each other to explain the basic concept. However,
strictly speaking, the head position of the VFO area 522 is shifted
at random as in FIG. 83 in the embodiment of the present
invention.
[0556] In the DVD-RAM disc which is a current rewritable
information storage medium, the phase change recording film is used
as a recording film, and the record start/finish position is
shifted at random to increase the number of rewrites. The maximum
shift amount range when random shift is made in the current DVD-RAM
disc is set at 8 data bytes. The channel bit length in the current
DVD-RAM disc (as the data after modulation to be recorded in the
disc) is set at 0.143 .mu.m on average.
[0557] In the rewritable information storage medium example of this
embodiment, the average length of channel bit is expressed by
expression (6) from FIG. 20. (0.087+0.093)/2=0.090 .mu.m (6)
[0558] When the length in the physical shift range is conformed to
the current DVD-RAM disc, the minimum required length as the random
shift range in the embodiment of the present invention is expressed
by expression (7) by utilizing the above described value. 8
bytes.times.(0.143 .mu.m/0.090 .mu.m)=12.7 bytes (7)
[0559] In order to secure easiness of the reproduction signal
detection processing, unit of the random shift amount is conformed
to the "channel bit" after modulation in this embodiment. In this
embodiment, the ETM modulation (Eight to Twelve modulation), which
converts 8 bits into 12 bits, is used for modulation, and
therefore, as the mathematical expression for expressing the random
shift amount, the random shift amount is expressed by expression
(8) with the data byte as the reference. Jm/12 data bytes (8)
[0560] As the value which Jm can take, Jm is from 0 to 152 from
expression (9) using the value of the expression (7).
12.7.times.12=152.4 (9)
[0561] From the above reason, as long as the range satisfies the
expression (9), the length of the range of the random shift
corresponds to the current DVD-RAM disc, and the same number of
rewrites as the current DVD-RAM disc can be ensured.
[0562] In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to
secure the number of rewrites more than the current DVD-RAM, a
little margin is given to the value of the expression (7), and the
length of the random shift range is set as expression (10).
[0563] The length of the random shift range is 14 data bytes
(10)
[0564] When the value of the expression (10) is substituted into
the expression (8), 14.times.12=168, and therefore, the value which
Jm can take is set as in expression (11). The value which Jm can
take is 0 to 167 (11)
[0565] As described above, the random shift amount is in the larger
range than Jm/12 (0.ltoreq.Jm.ltoreq.154) ((K4) in FIG. 4), and
thereby, the expression (9) is satisfied. At this time, the length
of the physical range with respect to the random shift amount
agrees to the current DVD-RAM, and therefore, there exists the
effect of being capable of ensuring the same number of times of
repetitive recording as the current DVD-RAM.
[0566] In FIG. 82, the length of the buffer area 547 and the VFO
area 532 is constant in the recording cluster 540. As is obvious
from (a) in FIG. 81, random shift amounts Jm in all the data
segments 529 and 530 have the same value everywhere in the same
recording cluster 540.
[0567] When continuously recording one recording cluster 540
including a lot of data segments inside, the recording position is
monitored from wobbles. Namely, the position detection of the
wobble sync area 580 shown in FIG. 71 is performed, and
verification of the recording position on the information storage
medium is performed at the same time as the number of wobbles is
counted in the non-modulation areas 590 and 591. At this time,
wobble slip (recording in the position shifted by one wobble cycle)
occurs due to count error of wobbles or rotational variation of a
rotational motor (for example, Motor in FIG. 1) which rotates the
information storage medium, and recording position on the
information storage medium is deviated in some rare cases.
[0568] The information storage medium of the present invention has
the characteristic in that when a recording position deviation
which occurs as described above is detected, adjustment is
performed in the guard area 461 of the rewritable type in FIG. 82
or in the guard area 452 of the recordable type shown in FIG. 64,
and correction of the recording timing is performed ((K3) in FIG.
3). In FIG. 82, important information which cannot allow bit
omission and bit overlapping is recorded in the postamble area 546,
the extra area 544 and the pre-sync area 533, but a specific
pattern is repeated in the buffer area 547 and the VFO area 532.
Therefore, as long as the repetition border position is secured,
omission and overlapping of only one pattern are allowed.
Accordingly, in this embodiment, adjustment is performed especially
in the buffer area 547 and the VFO area 532 in the guard area 461,
and correction of recording timing is performed.
[0569] As shown in FIG. 83, in this embodiment, the actual start
point position to be the reference of the position setting is set
to correspond to the position of the wobble amplitude of "0"
(center of wobble). However, since wobble position detection
accuracy is low, the actual start point position allows the
following at the maximum the deviation amount up to ".+-.1 data
byte" (12) as described as ".+-.1 max" in FIG. 83 in this
embodiment.
[0570] In FIG. 82 and FIG. 83, the random shift amount in the data
segment 530 is set as Jm (the random shift amounts of all data
segments 529 agree in the recording clusters 540 as described
above), and the random shift amount of the data segment 531 written
thereafter is set as Jm+1. As the values which Jm and Jm+1 shown in
expression (11) can take, for example, a median value is taken with
Jm=Jm+1=84, and when the position accuracy of the actual start
point is sufficiently high, the start position of the extended
guard field 528 and the start position of the VFO area 522 agree to
each other as shown in FIG. 82.
[0571] On the other hand, when the data segment 530 is recorded at
the rearmost possible position, and thereafter, the data segment
531 which can be recorded or rewritten is recorded at the foremost
possible position, the head position of the VFO area 522 sometimes
enters the buffer area 537 by 15 data bytes at the maximum from the
value shown in the expression (10) and the value in the expression
(12). Specific important information is recorded in the extra area
534 immediately before the buffer area 537.
[0572] Accordingly, in this embodiment, it is necessary to satisfy
the following (13). The length of the buffer area 537 is 15 data
bytes or more (13)
[0573] In the example shown in FIG. 82, a margin of one data byte
is taken into consideration, and the data size of the buffer area
537 is set to be 16 data bytes.
[0574] When a gap occurs between the extended guard area 528 and
the VFO area 522 as a result of random shift, interlayer crosstalk
at the time of reproduction due to the gap occurs when the
structure of the one side surface with two recording layers is
adopted. Therefore, the contrivance is made so that even if random
shift is performed, the extended guard field 528 and a part of the
VFO area 522 always overlap, and the gap does not occur ((K3) in
FIG. 4). Accordingly, in this embodiment, the length of the
extended guard field 528 needs to be set at 15 data bytes or more
from the same reason based on the expression (13).
[0575] The succeeding VFO area 522 is sufficiently taken to be as
long as 71 data bytes, and therefore, no problem occurs in signal
reproduction even if the overlapping area of the extended guard
field 528 and the VFO area 522 become large to some extent (because
the time for synchronizing the reproducing reference clock is
sufficiently secured in the VFO area 522 which does not
overlap).
[0576] Therefore, it is possible to set the extended guard field
528 at a larger value than 15 data bytes.
[0577] It is already described that in rare occasions, wobble slip
occurs at the continuous recording time, and the recording position
of 1 wobble cycle is deviated. As shown in the expression (5), 1
wobble cycle corresponds to 7.75 (.noteq.8) data bytes, and
therefore, in this embodiment, considering the expression (13) and
this value, setting is made as in expression (14). The length of
the extended guard field 528 is (15+8=) 23 data bytes or more
(14)
[0578] In the example shown in FIG. 82, the margin of 1 data byte
is added as the buffer area 537, the length of the extended guard
field 528 is set at 24 data bytes.
[0579] In (e) in FIG. 82, it is necessary to accurately set the
record starting position of the recording cluster 541. In the
information recording and reproducing apparatus of this embodiment,
this record starting position is detected by using the wobble
signal previously recorded in the rewritable or recordable
information storage medium.
[0580] As is known from (d) in FIG. 71, the pattern changes from
NPW to IPW in 4-wobble unit in all except for the wobble sync area
580. As compared with this, in the wobble sync area 580, the
switching unit of wobbles is partially shifted from 4 wobbles.
Therefore, the position detection is the most easily performed in
the wobble sync area 580. Therefore, in the information recording
and reproducing apparatus of this embodiment, after the position of
the wobble sync area 580 is detected, preparation of recording
processing is performed, and record is started.
[0581] Therefore, the start position of the recording cluster 541
needs to be in the non-modulation area 590 immediately after the
wobble sync area 580. The content is shown in FIG. 83. The wobble
sync area 580 is disposed immediately after the change of the
physical segment. As shown in (d) in FIG. 71, the length of the
wobble sync area 580 corresponds to 16 wobble cycles. After
detection of the wobble synch area 580, 8 wobble cycles are further
necessary in expectation of a margin for preparation of recoding
processing. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 83, it is necessary to
dispose the head position of the VFO area 522 existing at the head
position of the recording cluster 541 at the position 24 wobbles or
more back from the change position of the physical segment.
[0582] As shown in FIG. 82, recording processing is performed many
times at the overlapping spot 541 at the rewriting time. When
rewrite is repeated, the physical shape of a wobble groove or a
wobble land changes (deteriorates), and the quality of the wobble
reproduction signal from it is lowered. In the embodiment of the
present invention, it is contrived that the overlapping spots 541
are recorded in the non-modulation area 590 by avoiding the
overlapping spots 541 at the time of rewrite or at the time of
record coming into the wobble sync area 580 and the wobble address
area 586 ((3K.zeta.) in FIG. 4). In the non-modulation area 590,
the constant wobble pattern (NPW) is only repeated, and even if the
wobble reproduction signal quality is partially deteriorated, it
can be interpolated by utilizing the wobble reproduction signals
before and after it. In this manner, the position of the
overlapping spot 541 at the time of rewrite or at the time of
record is set to come into the non-modulation area 590. Therefore,
deterioration of the wobble reproduction signal quality due to the
shape deterioration of the wobble sync area 580 or the wobble
address area 586 is prevented, and the effect of being capable of
ensuring a stable wobble detection signal from the wobble address
information 610 is provided.
[0583] Next, an example of recording method of recordable data
which is recorded on the recordable information storage medium is
shown in FIG. 84. In this embodiment, the method in (b) in FIG. 81
is adopted for the layout in the recording cluster, but the layout
is not limited to this, and (a) in FIG. 81 may be adopted. In the
recordable information storage medium, only one recording is
performed, and therefore, the random shift explained above is not
needed. In the recordable information storage medium, the head
position of the data segment is set to come to the position 24
wobbles back from the head position of the physical segment as
shown in FIG. 83 ((K5) in FIG. 4), so that the overwriting place is
in the non-modulation area of wobble.
[0584] As already explained in "recording mark polarity
(identification of H.fwdarw.L or L.fwdarw.H) information" at the
192nd byte in FIG. 28, use of both of "H.fwdarw.L recording film"
and "L.fwdarw.H recording film" is allowed in this embodiment. The
optical reflectivity ranges of the "H.fwdarw.L recording film" and
"L.fwdarw.H recording film" specified in this embodiment are shown
in FIG. 85. This embodiment has the characteristic in that the
reflectivity lower limit value in the unrecorded part of the
"H.fwdarw.L recording film" is specified to be higher than the
upper limit value in the unrecorded part of the "L.fwdarw.H
recording film" ([M] in FIG. 4). When the above described
information storage medium is attached to the information recording
and reproducing apparatus or the information reproducing apparatus,
the optical reflectivity of the unrecorded part is measured by the
slice level detection unit 132 or the PR equalizing circuit 130 in
FIG. 5, and determination of whether it is the "H.fwdarw.L
recording film" or the "L.fwdarw.H recording film" can be made
instantly, thus extremely facilitating determination of kinds of
recording films.
[0585] As a result of measuring the "H.fwdarw.L recording film" and
"L.fwdarw.H recording film" made by changing many manufacturing
conditions, it is found out that manufacturability of the recording
film is enhanced and reduction in cost of the media is facilitated
if the optical reflectivity .alpha. between the reflectivity lower
limit value at the unrecorded part of the "H.fwdarw.L recording
film" and the upper limit value at the unrecorded part of the
"L.fwdarw.H recording film" is set at 36% ((M1) in FIG. 4).
Favorable compatibility with the reproduction-only information
storage medium is obtained when the optical reflectivity range 801
of the unrecorded part ("L" part) of the "L.fwdarw.H recording
film" is conformed to the optical reflectivity range 803 of the one
side surface double recording layer in the reproduction-only
information storage medium ((M3) in FIG. 4), and the optical
reflectivity range 802 of the unrecorded part ("H" part) of the
"H.fwdarw.L recording film" is conformed to the optical
reflectivity range 804 of the one side surface single layer in the
reproduction-only information storage medium ((M2) in FIG. 4). As a
result, the reproduction circuit of the information reproducing
apparatus can be used in common, and therefore, the information
reproducing apparatus can be made at low cost.
[0586] As a result of measuring the "H.fwdarw.L recording film" and
"L.fwdarw.H recording film" made by changing many manufacturing
conditions, the lower limit value .beta. of the optical
reflectivity of the unrecorded part ("L" part) of the "L.fwdarw.H
recording film" is set at 18% and its upper limit value .gamma. is
set at 32%, and the lower limit value .delta. of the optical
reflectivity of the unrecorded part ("H" part) of the "H.fwdarw.L
recording film" is set at 40% and its upper limit value .epsilon.
is set at 70% in this embodiment in order to enhance
manufacturability of the recording film and facilitate reduction in
cost of the medium.
[0587] In the above embodiment, the following effects can be
provided.
[0588] With the management data structure applicable to "recordable
information storage medium" which can record only once, the size of
the extendable test area and the size of the extendable spare area
are optionally settable. Therefore, the sizes of the extended test
area and the spare area can be set to the minimum necessary values.
As a result, the recordable area size can be left as large as
possible, and therefore, substantial capacity reduction can be
stopped to a minimum.
[0589] The recordable range information is simultaneously recorded
in the record management information RMD which is necessary to be
reproduced without fail before recording. Therefore, the
information of the recordable range can be obtained at high speed
as the information recording and reproducing apparatus, and thus
the size (remaining amount) of the recordable area can be known.
Accordingly, to record all image information in the time range
programmed to be recorded, for example, the bit rate at the time of
recording is controlled, whereby it is possible to ensure recording
for a user.
Other Embodiments
[0590] The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to
the above described embodiment, but are extendable and changeable,
and extended and modified embodiments are included in the technical
range of the present invention.
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