U.S. patent application number 10/561404 was filed with the patent office on 2007-05-03 for dispenser.
This patent application is currently assigned to GLAXO GROUP LIMITED. Invention is credited to Gregor John McLennan Anderson, James Terence Collins, Ralph George Lamble, Allen John Pearson, Tom Snow, Paul John Turner.
Application Number | 20070095851 10/561404 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27742063 |
Filed Date | 2007-05-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070095851 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Anderson; Gregor John McLennan ;
et al. |
May 3, 2007 |
Dispenser
Abstract
A hand-held dispenser (1) for dispensing a multiplicity of unit
products (3) having a storage area (100) for storing the unit
products, an outlet opening (311) through which the unit products
are dispensable from the dispenser and a dispensing mechanism (350)
adapted to dispense a predetermined number of said unit products
through the outlet opening per actuation thereof. The dispenser is
adapted such that the dispensing mechanism is actuable by pushing
the dispenser into a palm of a user and such that the associated
predetermined number of unit products is dispensed into that
palm.
Inventors: |
Anderson; Gregor John McLennan;
(Hertfordshire, GB) ; Collins; James Terence;
(Cambridgeshire, GB) ; Lamble; Ralph George;
(Cambridgeshire, GB) ; Pearson; Allen John;
(Cambridgeshire, GB) ; Snow; Tom; (Cambridgeshire,
GB) ; Turner; Paul John; (Cambridgeshire,
GB) |
Correspondence
Address: |
GLAXOSMITHKLINE;CORPORATE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, MAI B475
FIVE MOORE DR., PO BOX 13398
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
NC
27709-3398
US
|
Assignee: |
GLAXO GROUP LIMITED
|
Family ID: |
27742063 |
Appl. No.: |
10/561404 |
Filed: |
July 9, 2004 |
PCT Filed: |
July 9, 2004 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP04/07818 |
371 Date: |
December 16, 2005 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
221/15 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D 83/0409 20130101;
A61J 7/02 20130101; B65D 2583/0481 20130101; A61J 1/03 20130101;
B65D 50/041 20130101; A61J 7/04 20130101; A61J 7/0076 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
221/015 |
International
Class: |
B65B 59/00 20060101
B65B059/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 11, 2003 |
GB |
0316352.4 |
Claims
1. A hand-held dispenser for dispensing a multiplicity of unit
products having a storage area for storing the unit products, an
outlet opening through which the unit products are dispensable from
the dispenser and a dispensing mechanism adapted to dispense a
predetermined number of said unit products through the outlet
opening per actuation thereof, the dispenser being adapted such
that the dispensing mechanism is actuable by pushing the dispenser
into a palm of a user and such that the associated predetermined
number of unit products is dispensed into that palm.
2. The dispenser of claim 1 wherein the dispenser has a dispensing
end in which the outlet opening is provided, and the dispensing
mechanism has an actuator at the dispensing end engagable by the
palm for actuating the dispensing mechanism.
3. The dispenser of claim 2 wherein the actuator is displaceable
into the dispenser for actuating the dispensing mechanism.
4. The dispenser of claim 3 wherein the actuator protrudes from the
dispensing end.
5. The dispenser of claim 2 wherein the actuator is a nozzle which
provides the outlet opening.
6. The dispenser of claim 5 wherein the nozzle has a tubular
configuration with the outlet opening being provided by the lumen
thereof.
7. The dispenser of claim 2 further having a closure which is
releasably engageable on the dispensing end to close the outlet
opening.
8. The dispenser of claim 7 wherein when the closure is engaged on
the dispensing end the actuator is unable to actuate the dispensing
mechanism.
9. The dispenser of claim 7 wherein the closure is a cap.
10. The dispenser of claim 7 wherein the closure and dispensing end
have co-operable retaining features.
11. The dispenser of claim 10 wherein the co-operable retaining
features are screw thread profiles.
12. The dispenser of claim 1 in which the dispensing mechanism has
a gate mechanism which, on actuation of the dispensing mechanism,
moves from a closed configuration, in which it closes the outlet
opening, to an open configuration, in which it allows the
predetermined number of unit products to be dispensed from the
outlet opening.
13. The dispenser of claim 12 in which the gate mechanism has a
biasing structure for biasing the gate mechanism to its closed
configuration.
14. The dispenser of claim 12 wherein when the dispensing mechanism
is actuated the gate mechanism moves to the open configuration to
enable the predetermined number of unit products to be dispensed
and moves back to the closed configuration behind the dispensed
unit products.
15. The dispenser of claim 12 wherein the actuator is displaceable
into the dispenser for actuating the dispensing mechanism, and
wherein the actuator provides at-least a part of the gate
mechanism.
16. The dispenser of claim 15 wherein the gate mechanism has a
first part, on the actuator, and a second part, and wherein inward
movement of the actuator causes the first part to move relative to
the second part and the gate mechanism to move from the closed
configuration to the open configuration.
17. The dispenser of claim 16 wherein in the closed configuration
the first and second parts co-operate to form a gate across the
outlet opening and in the open configuration the gate is
opened.
18. The dispenser of claim 17 wherein the first part provides a
first section of the gate and the second part provides a second
section thereof, inward movement of the actuator causing the first
and second sections to be separated to form an aperture through
which the predetermined number of unit products are able to pass
through.
19. The dispenser of claim 12 which has an internal channel
extending towards the outlet opening in which the unit products
are, in use, formed into a queue and the gate mechanism in use
selectively opens and closes the channel to enable dispensing of
the predetermined number of unit products at the front of the
queue.
20. The dispenser of claim 19 wherein the nozzle has a tubular
configuration with the outlet opening being provided by the lumen
thereof, and wherein the channel is disposed in the lumen of the
nozzle.
21. The dispenser of claim 19 wherein the gate mechanism is adapted
such that on actuation it pushes the portion of the queue behind
the predetermined number at the front backwards in the channel.
22. The dispenser of claim 21 wherein the gate mechanism has a
first part, on the actuator, and a second part, and wherein inward
movement of the actuator causes the first part to move relative to
the second part and the gate mechanism to move from the closed
configuration to the open configuration, and wherein the first part
of the gate mechanism pushes the queue portion backwards on
actuation of the actuator.
23. The dispenser of claim 1 wherein the storage area is in a first
dispenser part and the dispensing mechanism and the outlet opening
are in a second dispenser part attached to the first dispenser
part.
24. The dispenser of claim 23 in which the first and second
dispenser parts are releasably attached.
25. The dispenser of claim 23 in which the first dispenser part has
an access opening through which the unit products are transferable
from the first dispenser part to the second dispenser part and the
closure is releasably engagable with the first dispenser part, when
detached from the second dispenser part, to close the access
opening.
26. The dispenser of claim 1 in which the dispensing mechanism is a
pump-action dispensing mechanism.
27. The dispenser of claim 1 in which the predetermined number of
unit products is one.
28. The dispenser of claim 1 containing the multiplicity of unit
products.
29. The dispenser of claim 28 wherein the unit products are
pharmaceutical dosage forms.
30. The dispenser of claim 28 wherein the unit products are
pills.
31. The dispenser of claim 1 adapted such that the unit products
are gravity-fed to the outlet opening.
32. A dispensing module adapted for attachment to a container for a
multiplicity of unit products in the form of the second dispenser
part of claim 23.
33. (canceled)
34. (canceled)
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application claims priority from UK patent
application No. 0 316 352.4 filed 11 Jul. 2003, the content of
which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0002] The present application is related to the three
International patent applications filed concurrently herewith by
the Applicant (Glaxo Group Limited) under the title `A Dispenser`
which respectively claim priority from UK patent application Nos. 0
316 345.8, 0 316 348.2 and 9 316 355.7 all filed on 11 Jul. 2003.
The contents of these applications are hereby incorporated herein
by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present invention relates to a dispenser for dispensing
unit products, for instance pills, such as pharmaceutical pills.
The term "pill" is meant to embrace tablets, capsules and the like,
and other solid oral dosage forms, whether pharmaceutical or
otherwise.
[0004] There is previously known a child-resistant closure cap for
a pill bottle which includes a digital display that indicates how
many pills have been taken from the bottle in the day and how long
ago the last pill was taken that day. The display is reset at the
start of the next day. This is known as the MEMS.RTM. SmartCap
Monitor of Aardex Limited (www.aardex.ch). A drawback of this cap
is that it is removed from the pill bottle to enable the patient to
access the bottle contents in the normal way, i.e. by tipping of
the bottle. The removal of the cap is recorded by the cap and
results in the pill count and time-since-last dose, functions of
the display being updated. However, the cap is not capable of
recording how many pills are removed from the bottle, if any, upon
cap removal. Accordingly, the display may be inaccurate as removal
of the cap does not necessarily mean that the patient subsequently
removes the number of pills required in the prescribed dosing
regime.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] According to the present invention there is provided a
dispenser according to claim 1 hereof.
[0006] Other aspects and preferred features of the invention are
set out in the other claims (including those in the related
applications referred to above) and in the exemplary embodiments
hereinafter to be described with reference to the accompanying
FIGURES of drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES OF DRAWINGS
[0007] FIG. 1 shows a standard container for containing and
dispensing pharmaceutical pills comprising a bottle and a lid.
[0008] FIG. 2 shows a hand-held dispenser for pharmaceutical pills
according to an embodiment of the present invention comprising the
bottle and the lid of FIG. 1 and a dispensing module., the
dispensing module being mounted on the bottle and the lid being
mounted on the dispensing module.
[0009] FIG. 3 shows the dispenser without the lid.
[0010] FIGS. 4A and B are side views of the dispensing module.
[0011] FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the dispensing module.
[0012] FIGS. 6A-C are perspective end views of the dispensing
module showing how a battery can be replaced.
[0013] FIGS. 7A-E are longitudinal sectional views of the
dispensing module illustrating its operation to dispense a pill
therefrom and showing the internal channel structure of the
module.
[0014] FIGS. 8A and B are schematic views of the channel structure
in the dispensing module.
[0015] FIGS. 9A-C are schematic views illustrating the dispensing
of a pill from the dispensing module.
[0016] FIGS. 10-C correspond to FIGS. 9A-C, but show the inclusion
of switches to control operation of an electronic dose counter of
the dispensing module.
[0017] FIG. 11 shows the dispenser being pressed against a user's
palm to "blot" out a pill therefrom.
[0018] FIG. 12 shows a display of the electronic dose counter
illustrating the segmented nature thereof.
[0019] FIGS. 13A-C are perspective side views of a modified version
of the dispenser.
[0020] FIGS. 14A and B are perspective exploded views of the lid of
the modified dispenser of FIGS. 13A-C.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES OF DRAWINGS
[0021] In the FIGURES of drawings there is shown a hand-held
dispenser 1 of the invention for dispensing pills 3, in this
embodiment pharmaceutical pills. The dispenser has a container or
bottle 100, a lid 200 and a dispensing module 300 releasably
mountable on the bottle 100.
[0022] Referring to FIG. 1, the bottle 100 in this embodiment is of
standard pill bottle construction, having a hollow body 101 which
is formed with a base 103, on which the dispenser 1, when
assembled, is able to stand upright, and a neck 105, through which
an access opening 107 is provided to the internal volume of the
body 101 in which the pills 3 are contained. The access opening 107
is sized so as to enable the pills 3 to be tipped out of the bottle
100.
[0023] The body 101 is preferably formed from a plastics material
or glass. The plastics material may be a polyethylene, for instance
low density polyethylene (LDPE), or polypropylene (PP), for
example.
[0024] The neck 105 has an outer circumferential surface 109 on
which is provided a screw thread profile 111.
[0025] The lid 200, which is preferably of a plastics material, has
an annular skirt 201 which depends from. an end wall 203. The
annular skirt 201 has an inner circumferential surface on which is
provided a screw thread profile (not shown) which is complementary
to the screw thread profile 111 on the bottle neck 105. In this
way, the lid 200 is able to be screwed onto the bottle neck 105 to
sealingly close the access opening 107. Preferably, the screw
fitting between the bottle 100 and the lid 200 is of a
child-resistant nature, i.e. a force additional to turning is
needed to remove the lid 200 from the bottle 100. As examples,
there may be mentioned "squeeze-and-turn" and "push-and-turn"
closures.
[0026] Of course, other types of co-operable connection structures
on the bottle 100 and lid 200 could be used, again preferably being
of a child-resistant type, namely requiring two different types of
force to be applied for removal of the lid 200 from the bottle
100.
[0027] As shown in FIGS. 2-7, the dispensing module 300 has a
hollow body 301, which is preferably of a plastics material, having
a lower end 303 and an upper end 305. The body 301 has an internal
cavity 307 to which there is provided a lower opening 309 in the
lower end 303, and an upper opening 311 in the upper end 305.
[0028] The lower end 303 defines an annular skirt 313 about the
lower opening 309 having an inner circumferential surface 315 on
which is provided a first screw thread profile 317 complementary to
the screw thread profile 111 on the bottle neck 105. Thus, the
dispensing module 300 is able to be screw mounted onto the bottle
neck 105, in similar fashion to the lid 200. The first screw thread
profile 317 may form a child-resistant connection with the bottle
neck screw thread profile 111, and is conveniently identical to the
lid screw thread profile.
[0029] At the module upper end 305 there is located a nozzle 319 of
tubular form having a lumen 321 which defines the upper opening
311. The nozzle 319 is arranged for sliding movement in the
dispensing module 300 along its longitudinal axis. A spring or
other biasing mechanism 320 (see FIG. 5) is provided to bias the
nozzle 319 outwardly to a rest position, as shown in FIGS. 2-4, for
example.
[0030] The nozzle 319 has an outer circumferential surface 323 on
which is provided a second screw thread profile 325 of the
dispensing module 300. The second screw thread profile 325 is
complementary to the lid screw thread profile thereby enabling the
lid 200 to be screwed onto the nozzle 319 when in its rest position
to close the upper opening 311, as shown in FIG. 2. Moreover, when
the lid 200 is mounted on the nozzle 319, the nozzle 319 is unable
to be slid inwardly from its rest position through abutment of the
lid skirt 201 with an annular shoulder 327 of the dispensing module
body 301.
[0031] Again, the second screw thread profile 325 preferably
co-operates with the lid screw thread profile to form a
child-resistant connection. Conveniently, the second screw thread
profile 325 is identical to the screw thread profile 111 on the
bottle neck 105.
[0032] It will therefore be seen that the dispenser 1 enables the
lid 200 to be replaced on the bottle 100 by the dispensing module
300 and then in turn mounted on the nozzle 319 to close the upper
opening 311 of the module 300 (the "assembled state"). Thus, the
dispensing module 300 can be mounted on a standard pill bottle and
be closed by the lid for the standard bottle. This is shown in FIG.
2.
[0033] As shown in FIGS. 6-8, the module internal cavity 307 has a
funnel-like configuration, having a cylindrical entrance 329 at the
lower opening 309, with tapered sides 330, and a generally
rectangular slot 331, which extends towards the upper opening 311
through the lumen 321 of the nozzle 319.
[0034] As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the slot 331 has a lower section
332 of a first width w1, which is greater than the diameter pd of
the pills 3, and an upper section 334 of a second width w2 less
than the first width w1, but greater than the pill diameter pd, but
less than twice the pill diameter pd. The upper slot section 334 is
offset to the lower slot section 332. Moreover, the lower slot
section 332 has a base surface 336 which tapers in the upward
direction.
[0035] When the dispenser 1 is inverted in its assembled state, the
pills 3 are gravity fed from the bottle 100 into the dispensing
module 300 through the communicating access and lower openings
107,309. The pills 3 so transferred into the dispensing module 300
are funnelled firstly by the tapered sides 330 into the lower slot
section 332. In this regard, the tapered sides 330 act to funnel
the pills 3 into the slot 331 in the same predetermined
orientation. In this embodiment, the pills 3 are circular and
funnelled into the slot 331 in a radial orientation so that they
are arranged circumference-to-circumference in the slot 331.
[0036] The pills are then gravity fed into the upper slot section
334 by the tapered base surface 336 of the lower slot section 332.
In this way, a single-line queue 333 of pills 3 is formed in the
upper slot section 334, as shown in FIG. 7, for example.
[0037] Preferably, the lower and upper Blot sections 332,334 have
dimensions relative to the pills 3 as shown in FIGS. 8A-B. That is
to say, the lower slot section 332 preferably has a depth dl from
its entrance to the side edge of the tapered base surface 336 which
is greater than 1.5 times the pill diameter pd. Furthermore, the
upper slot section 334 preferably has a depth d2 which is less than
the pill diameter pd, but greater than the pill width pw. This
enables dispensing of the pills 3 to occur while preventing or
inhibiting the pills jamming and disabling operation. It allows
pills 3 already in the dispensing module 300 to move down the slot
331 even when pills 3 are blocking the entrance 329.
[0038] As will now be described with reference to FIGS. 7, 9 and
10, the dispensing module 300 has a dispensing mechanism 350 which
is actuable to dispense one pill 3 from the upper opening 311 per
actuation. In this embodiment, the nozzle 319 forms the actuator of
the dispensing mechanism 350. The dispensing mechanism 350 further
has a gate 351 comprising a movable part 353 carried by the lumen
321 of the nozzle 319, and a stationary part 355 in front of the
slot 331.
[0039] The movable part 353 comprises a first switch member 357 on
a first side of the nozzle lumen 321, and a guide member 359 on the
opposite side of the nozzle lumen 321. The first switch member 357
is arranged so as to slide over the outer surface of the upper slot
section 334 when the nozzle is depressed, whereas the guide member
359 is arranged so as to slide inside the upper slot section
334.
[0040] The first switch member 357 has a resilient arm 358 which is
biased to an outboard rest state. This is the open state of the
first switch member 357. The guide member 359, on the other hand,
has a curved guide surface 360 which, in the rest position of the
nozzle 319, forms an extension of a side wall 340 of the upper slot
section 334 at the outlet end thereof.
[0041] As shown in FIG. 7E, for example, the stationary part 355
comprises a side extension 361 of the upper slot section 334 and a
finger 363 which extends from the side extension 361 transversely
to the slot axis and which is spaced from the outlet end of the
upper slot section 334 by a distance at least equal to the pill
diameter pd. Moreover, the finger 363 is offset to the slot axis on
the same side of the axis as the first switch member 357.
[0042] When the nozzle 319 is in its outboard, rest position, the
movable and stationary parts 353,355 co-operate to form a barrier
across the upper opening 311, i.e. the gate 351 is closed. This is
shown in FIGS. 7A, 9A and 10A. More particularly, the guide surface
360 ends adjacent the finger 363 on one side thereof, and the
switch arm 358 is in its rest state disposed adjacent the finger
363 on the other side.
[0043] As mentioned previously, when the dispenser 1 is inverted, a
queue 333 of pills 3 forms in the slot 331. As will be appreciated
from FIGS. 7A, 9A and 10A, the pill 3 at the front of the queue
(hereinafter the "leading pill") passes out of the slot 331 and
slides down the guide surface 360 and comes to rest on the finger
363 and against the switch arm 358. The other pills 3 in the queue
333 are stacked-up behind the leading pill offset thereto.
[0044] As shown in FIGS. 7, 9 and 10, in order to dispense the
leading pill 3 of the queue 333 from the dispenser 1, the nozzle
319 is depressed inwardly. This results in the switch and guide
members 357,359 moving inwardly. As the first switch member 357
moves inwardly, the switch arm 358 closes through its interaction
with the leading pill 3. In this relation, the guide surface 360
may have a camming action which pushes the leading pill 3 sideways
against the switch arm 358. Eventually, a gap 367 is formed between
the first switch member 357 and the finger 363 large enough for the
leading pill 3 to fall out of the nozzle 319 (see FIGS. 7E, 9C and
10C). In other words, the gate 351 has been opened.
[0045] As shown in FIG. 11, a pill 3 can be dispensed in this
manner by a user pushing the nozzle 319 into their palm. Such
action causes the leading pill 3 to be "blotted" out of the
dispenser 1 into the palm as the nozzle 319 is slid inwardly from
its rest position to actuate the dispensing mechanism 350. This
action is natural and a logical progression from the tipping out of
pills from a conventional pill bottle.
[0046] As further shown in FIGS. 7D, 7E, 9C and 10C, inward
movement of the nozzle 319 not only causes the leading pill 3 to be
dispensed, but causes the guide member 359 to push the remaining
pills 3 in the queue 333 inwardly as well. This action helps to
free pills 3 which would otherwise jam the dispensing module
300.
[0047] Return of the nozzle 319 to its rest position closes the
gate 351 in preparation for the next dispensing cycle.
[0048] It will therefore be understood that the dispenser 1 has a
dispensing mechanism 350 which operates to dose one pill 3 from the
dispenser 1 per actuation.
[0049] From FIG. 5 it will be seen that the dispensing module 300
is formed from an assembly of component parts, predominantly of a
plastic material. More particularly, the module 300 has an outer
casing 370, which provides the first screw thread profile 317, an
inner insert 375, which co-operates with the outer casing 370 to
define the funnel-like channel configuration, an outer insert 380
which presents the nozzle 319 and is slidably mountable in the
outer casing 370 for sliding movement relative to the inner insert
375, and a collar 385 fixable to the outer casing 370 which
presents an aperture 387 behind which the electronic display 401 is
disposed.
[0050] As shown in FIGS. 2-6 and 11, the dispensing module 300 is
further provided with an electronic dose counter 400, having a
circular electronic visual display 401, preferably a liquid crystal
display (LCD), on which is numerically displayed the number of
pills 3 contained in the dispenser 1. After each dispensing cycle,
the counter 400 decrements the number displayed on the display 401
by one.
[0051] The electronic counter 400 is powered by a battery 402, e.g.
a 3 volt CR2016 lithium cell or similar capacity variant, and has a
printed circuit board (PCB) 403 on which is mounted a
microcontroller (not shown), e.g. an Epson S1CG0N16, and other
appropriate electronic componentry, as will be understood by the
skilled person in the art. The microcontroller is programmed to
control the number displayed on the display 401, and in this
connection may be connected to the display 401 through an
elastomer, such as a flexible heat-seal connector. Moreover, the
microcontroller is electrically connected to the first switch
member 357 forming part of the gate 351 and also to a second switch
member 367 carried by the nozzle 319 (FIGS. 10A-C).
[0052] Thus, the microcontroller receives a first electrical input
signal when the resilient arm 358 of the first switch member 357 is
closed as it interacts with the leading pill 3 as the nozzle 319 is
depressed. In other words, the first input signal is indicative
that a pill 3 has passed the first switch member 357 and has been
dispensed. Alternatively, the first switch member 357 may be
configured such that it is closed, and hence produces the first
input signal, when the gate 351 is closed. For instance, by the
leading pill 3 bearing against the switch arm 358 when the
dispenser 1 is inverted.
[0053] The second switch member 367 also has a resilient arm 369.
The resilient arm 369 of the second switch member 367 is biased to
an open position, but when the nozzle 319 is actuated it abuts an
internal surface 371 of the nozzle 319 (FIGS. 10A-C) causing it to
close. This results in a second electrical input signal being
received by the microcontroller, which signal is representative of
the nozzle 319 have been depressed a sufficient amount to effect
dispensing (i.e. actuated).
[0054] Thus, the microcontroller receives two input signals, each
independently indicating dispensing. Both signals are required to
be received by the microcontroller for it to act to decrement the
number on the display 401. This is because the first input signal
indicates the presence of a pill 3 (the leading pill) at the gate
351 due to its dependence on a pill triggering the first switch
member 357, while the second input signal represents full travel of
the nozzle 319 which should ensure dispensing of the pill 3
detected by the first switch member 357. This provides a fail-safe
mode of counting.
[0055] When the dispenser 1 is first used, the microcontroller is
programmed to display the "label claim" of pills contained therein.
This may be a factory setting, or set by the prescribing medical
practitioner or pharmacist. Each time the dispenser 1 is actuated,
and the microcontroller receives the two input signals, which may
be required to be simultaneously received or, more likely,
sequentially (i.e. the first switch member 357 re-opens before the
second switch member 367 closes), perhaps within a specified time
period, it operates to cause the electronic display to decrement
the number displayed by one. There may also be a requirement that
both switches 357,367 need to be re-opened for the microcontroller
to update the display 401. That is to say, the microcontroller is
programmed or configured such that it will only operate to
decrement the count when the two input signals are not only
received, but switched-off by the switches re-opening. This adds a
further fail-safe.
[0056] Of course, the dispenser 1 could be operated with just one
of the switch members 357,367. For instance, as represented in FIG.
7, only the first switch S member 357 may be included in the
dispenser 1.
[0057] Eventually, the display 401 will record that no pills 3 are
left. In this regard, the microcontroller may be programmed to
cause the display 401 to flash when the number of pills left is at
or below a predetermined threshold to warn the user that a new
supply of pills is, or will shortly be, needed. As an example, the
microcontroller may operate to cause the display to flash the
number displayed. The display 401 may flash when the number
displayed is zero.
[0058] In addition to the counter function, the microcontroller and
electronic display are also operatively connected such that a `time
since last dose` function is displayed by the display 401. This is
particularly useful when the pills 3 are pharmaceutical pills.
[0059] As shown in FIG. 4A, about the circumference 407 of the
display 401 there is provided a scale 409 representing the time
since a pill was last dispensed, in this instance each section
between the adjacent indicia 411 of the scale 409 representing six
hour periods, although, of course, other time periods could be
represented.
[0060] After the microcontroller registers the dispensing of a pill
3 through triggering of the first and second switches 357,367, a
timer in the microcontroller is activated and at predetermined
intervals thereafter discrete time segments 413 are displayed on
the display 401 adjacent the scale 409. In this embodiment each
time segment 413 represents two hour periods, although again other
time periods could be represented. Thus, after two hours from last
dispensing, a first time segment 413 is displayed in the first
section of the scale. This is repeated after each further two hour
period until another pill is dispensed to re-set the `time since
last dose` function. Preferably, as each new time segment 413 is
displayed, the previous time segments 413 remain resulting in a
time segment chain being formed.
[0061] The user of the dispenser 1 will know the dosing regime for
the pills 3 (i.e. the time interval between pill taking), either
from the prescribing medical practitioner, pharmacist or
information leaflet packed with the dispenser 1, and is provided
with a visible indication of the time left till the next pill dose
is needed, or of the lateness of the next dose. Thus, the dispenser
1 aids in compliance of the user in following the prescribed dosing
regime. If need be, the microcontroller can be pre-programmed to
cause the display to flash when the time since the last dose
corresponds to the prescribed dosing regime, e.g. by flashing the
time segments and/or the. number of pills left.
[0062] A preferred display 401 for the dispenser 1 is shown in FIG.
12. As will be seen, the display 401 is a segmented display, having
a plurality of independently activatable segments, including the
circumferentially-arranged time segments 413 for the `time since
last dose` function. In addition, the display 401 has a pair of
seven-segment number-forming display sections 415.
[0063] FIGS. 6A-C show the sequence of steps for removing the
battery 402 from the dispensing module 300 for replacement with a
new battery. More particularly, the battery is held in a battery
holder 425 having a recess 427 for accommodating the battery 402.
The battery holder 425 is slidably mounted into a slot 429 formed
in the tapered side 330 in the cylindrical entrance 329 at the
lower module opening 309. To this end, the battery holder 402 has a
tapered surface 431 so that, when slid into the slot 429, it sits
flush with the tapered side 330. To remove the battery holder 425
to replace the battery 402, a screw driver or other like implement
is used to lever the battery holder 425 out of the slot 429.
[0064] By enabling the battery 402 to be replaced enables the
dispensing module 300 to be re-usable. Nonetheless, the dispensing
module 300 may be configured such that the battery 402 is not able
to be removed, e.g. in the event the module 300 is designed to be a
single-use component which is to be disposed of after use.
[0065] For tamper-proofing of the dispenser 1, a label 500 can be
wrapped around the dispenser 1 so as to cover the bottle and the
dispensing module 300, as shown in FIG. 2. As will be appreciated,
if the bottle 100 and dispensing module 300 are disconnected this
will damage the label 500 since this bridges the joint between the
bottle 100 and the dispensing module 300. This is particularly
advantageous where the dispensing module 300 has a re-set button or
the like for re-setting the dose counter back to the label claim"
which is only accessible when the module 300 is free of the bottle
lo0.
[0066] FIGS. 13A-C show a modified version of the dispenser 1 of
the previous FIGURES illustrating the operation of child resistant
closure (CRC) connections between the dispensing module 300 and the
container 100, and the dispensing module 300 and the lid 200. For
simplicity, the same reference numerals are used for the same
dispenser features.
[0067] A child resistant closure (CRC) connection is any type of
connection which prevents easy removal of a closure to any type of
container (which may include a dispensing module). Generally, easy
removal is achieved through unidirectional movement of the closure
or container relative to each other so that access to the container
is achieved. Unidirectional movement is movement in a single linear
or circumferential direction. For example, a closure may comprise a
screw thread and can become detached from the container by simply
rotating it in one direction. Alternatively, a closure may be a
hinged lid which is opened by rotating it about its hinge.
Therefore, some types of child resistant connection (CRC) operate
by requiring more complex movement of the closure or container in
two or more directions.
[0068] The annular skirt 313 of the dispensing module comprises a
tab 802. The body 301 of the dispensing module 300 is constructed
from resilient material such that on application of inwardly
directed forces on opposite sides of the body 301, the body 301
flexes outwards at a position 90 degrees about the longitudinal
axis of the dispensing module 300 from the points of application of
the forces. Hence, if the inwardly directed forces are applied at
90 degrees from the tab 802, the tab 802 will flex outwards. The
container 100 comprises a notch 804 into which the tab 802 will fit
when the dispensing module 300 is screwed on to the container 100.
When the tab 802 is located in the notch 804, rotation of the
dispensing module 300 is prevented and the dispensing module 300 is
locked to the container 100. By applying inwardly directed forces
on each side of the body 301 at 90 degrees from the position of the
tab 802, the tab 802 is forced outwards and thereby released from
the notch 804 such that the dispensing module 300 can be unscrewed
from the neck 105 of the container 100. The tab 802 and notch 804
are dimensioned such that the tab 802 fits into the notch 804 when
the dispensing module 300 is screwed down fully onto the container
100. A click may be heard as the tab 802 locks into the notch 804.
This type of child resistant closure (CRC) connection can be
referred to as a "squeeze-and-turn" connection. Hence, forces in
two directions are required to release the dispensing module 300
from the container 100, specifically: (i) an inward radial force on
the skirt 313; and (ii) a circumferential force on the body 301 of
the dispensing module 300.
[0069] At a position 90 degrees around the circumference of the
skirt 313 from the tab 802, there may be a disrupted surface 806
which acts as a grip for application of a turning force to the
dispensing module 100. The disrupted surface 806 also marks the
point at which a user should apply an inwardly directed force. The
disrupted surface 806 may be vertical or horizontal parallel
grooves formed in the surface of the body 301.
[0070] The lid 200 comprises an alternative type of child resistant
closure (CRC) connection to that employed between the dispensing
module 300 and the container 100. The provision of two different
types of child resistant closure connections between the dispensing
module 300 and the container 100, and the dispensing module 300 and
the lid 200 ensures that the dispensing module 300 is not released
from the container 100 as the lid 200 is disengaged from the
dispensing module 300, and alternatively that the lid 200 is not
released from the dispensing module 300 as the dispensing module
300 is disengaged from the container 100.
[0071] FIGS. 14A and 14B show one type of child resistant closure
(CRC) connection employed in the lid 200. The lid 200 comprises an
inner connector structure 910 on which a screw thread 912 is formed
for engaging with the second screw thread 325 of the dispensing
module 300. The inner connector structure 910 is generally free to
rotate in one direction in an outer shell 920 of the lid 200 when
no vertical force is applied to the cap 200. The outer shell 920
and inner connector structure 910 are formed as separate cup-like
components which are mated with each other during manufacture. A
first lip 914 around the circumference of an outer surface of the
inner connector structure 910 engages with a second lip 924 around
an inner surface of the outer shell 920 to hold the inner connector
structure 910 within the outer shell 920. The inner connector
structure 910 is movable in a vertical direction to a limited
extent inside the outer shell 920, but the outer shell 920 is
prevented from being removed from the inner connector structure 910
by the presence of the first and second lips 914, 924.
[0072] The outer shell 920 and inner connector structure 910 form a
clutch mechanism. The clutch mechanism includes first teeth 915
located around the outer circumference of a first side wall 913 of
the inner connector structure 910 and second teeth 925 located
around the inner circumference of a second side wall 923 of the
outer shell 920.
[0073] The first and second teeth 915, 925 are saw-tooth shaped
with a first engaging edge 931 and a second engaging edge 932. The
first engaging edge 931 is arranged vertically with respect to a
longitudinal axis 990 of the cap 200 and the second engaging edge
932 is arranged at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis
990. The angle may be 45 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis
990.
[0074] When the first teeth 915 and second teeth 925 are engaged
with each other, the inner connector structure 910 is locked to the
outer shell 920 such that rotation of the outer shell 920 in a
clockwise direction 980 rotates both the outer shell 920 and inner
connector structure 910 because the first engaging edge 931 of each
of the second teeth 925 engages with a corresponding first engaging
edge 932 of each of the first teeth 915. This way, the cap can be
secured to the dispensing module 300 by rotating the outer shell
920 in a clockwise direction so that rotational force is
transmitted to the inner connector structure 910 through the first
engaging edges 931, thereby permitting the inner connector
structure 910 to be screwed on to the dispensing module 300.
Rotation of the outer shell 920 in an anti-clockwise direction 981
whilst the inner connector structure 910 is screwed on to the
dispensing module 300 will cause the second engaging edges 932 of
both the outer shell 920 and inner connector structure 910 to move
over each other because these edges are at an angle with respect to
the longitudinal axis 990. This way the outer shell 920 is not
locked to the inner connector structure 910 and therefore the inner
connector structure 910 cannot be unscrewed from the dispensing
module 300. However, when a vertical force is applied in a
direction along the longitudinal axis 990 towards the dispensing
module 300, the friction force between the second engaging edges
932 of the inner connector structure 910 and outer shell 920
increases. Thus, when a vertical force is applied to the outer
shell 920 at the same time as an anticlockwise rotational force,
the second engaging edges 932 do not move over each other as a
result of this increased friction and hence the inner connector
structure 910 and outer shell 920 remain locked to each other and
the inner connector structure 910 becomes unscrewed from the
dispensing module 300.
[0075] The cap 200 further comprises a boss 940 which comprises a
lip 941. The lip 941 is dimensioned so that the boss 940 can be
inserted during manufacture into the inside of the inner connector
structure 910 and is then held in place by a ridge 942 located on
the inner surface of the first side wall 913 of the inner connector
structure 910. The boss 940 is free to rotate relative to the inner
connector structure 910. On application of a vertical force to the
outer shell 920 towards the dispensing module 300, a lower surface
943 of the boss 940 engages with the finger 363 in the nozzle 321
of the dispensing module 300. Thus, an upper surface 944 of the
boss 940 is forced against an end wall 945 on the inside of the
inner connector structure 910 to force the first teeth 915 of the
inner connector structure 910 to engage the second teeth 925 of the
outer shell 920 and ensure that the second engaging surfaces 932 of
the outer shell 920 and inner connector structure 910 are forced
together. This way, the reaction force to a vertical force applied
to the cap 920 is not transmitted via the screw thread 912 which
would increase the frictional force in the thread and hinder
removal of the cap 200 from the dispensing module 300.
[0076] This type of child resistant closure (CRC) connection can be
referred to as a "push-and-turn" connection. Hence, forces in two
directions are required to release the dispensing module 300 from
the container 100, specifically: (i) a downward axial force on the
end wall 203; and (ii) a circumferential force on the skirt
201.
[0077] The screw thread on the inner connector structure of the lid
200 is dimensioned to fit the screw thread on the neck 105 of the
container 100 so that the lid 200 can be used as a child resistant
closure (CRC) for the container 100. In this regard, reference to
the dispensing module 300 in the aforementioned description of FIG.
14 should be replaced with a reference to the container 100.
[0078] It will, of course, be appreciated that many different types
of child resistant closure can be used with the dispensing module
300, lid 200 and container 100. By using child resistant closures
in which movement in two directions is required for disengagement
and having at least one direction of movement that is different in
each closure, then disengagement of one connection, whilst the
other connection is being disengaged, can be prevented.
[0079] It will appreciated that the invention is not limited to the
exemplary-embodiments herein described with reference to the
accompanying FIGURES of drawings, but may be modified, varied and
adopt other guises within the scope of the appended claims. As an
example, the dispenser need not have a counter. For example, FIGS.
9A-C show a dispensing mechanism which does not rely on a switch
member.
* * * * *