U.S. patent application number 11/581805 was filed with the patent office on 2007-04-26 for resistance exercise method and system.
Invention is credited to Vincent J. Bocchicchio.
Application Number | 20070093369 11/581805 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37986071 |
Filed Date | 2007-04-26 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070093369 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bocchicchio; Vincent J. |
April 26, 2007 |
Resistance exercise method and system
Abstract
A method for exercise by performing exercise sets in a sequence
progressing from exertion of larger to smaller muscles, with the
exercise movement performed using slow movements. Each exercise set
is performed to a point of momentary failure. The slow movement is
at a rate of less than about thirty degrees per second. The
exercise sets are performed with as little rest between each
exercise set as global or central fatigue will allow. Resistance is
applied during each exercise set to produce muscle failure within a
predefined time under tension parameter.
Inventors: |
Bocchicchio; Vincent J.;
(Scottsdale, AZ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
GREENBERG TRAURIG LLP
2450 COLORADO AVENUE, SUITE 400E
SANTA MONICA
CA
90404
US
|
Family ID: |
37986071 |
Appl. No.: |
11/581805 |
Filed: |
October 17, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60729326 |
Oct 21, 2005 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
482/148 ;
482/142 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 21/154 20130101;
A63B 22/0087 20130101; A63B 21/0628 20151001; A63B 21/068 20130101;
A63B 22/0002 20130101; A63B 24/00 20130101; A63B 2208/0238
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
482/148 ;
482/142 |
International
Class: |
A63B 26/00 20060101
A63B026/00; A63B 23/00 20060101 A63B023/00 |
Claims
1. A method for exercising, comprising: performing a regimen of
single exercise sets in a sequence progressing substantially from
exertion of larger to smaller muscles, wherein exercise movement is
performed substantially using slow movements; and performing each
exercise set substantially to a point of momentary failure.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the slow movements comprise
movement at a rate of less than about thirty degrees per
second.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising: performing the regimen
of single exercise sets with substantially little rest between each
exercise set; and applying appropriately determined resistance
during each exercise set to produce failure substantially within a
predefined time under tension parameter.
4. The method of claim 3 further comprising performing the regimen
of single exercise sets about two times per week.
5. The method of claim 4 further comprising providing recovery time
of at least about 48 hours between performing the regimen of single
exercise sets.
6. A method for exercising, comprising: performing a regimen of
single exercise sets in a sequence, wherein exercise movement is
performed substantially using slow movements; and performing each
exercise set substantially to a point of momentary failure.
7. The method of claim 6 further comprising performing the regimen
of single exercise sets with substantially little rest between each
exercise set.
8. An inclined exercise system configured for operation according
to the method of claim 1.
9. The system of claim 8 further comprising an inclined, moving
platform for supporting an exerciser.
10. The system of claim 8 further comprising memory including
software for executing computer instructions according to the
method comprising: performing a regimen of single exercise sets in
a sequence progressing substantially from exertion of larger to
smaller muscles, wherein exercise movement is performed
substantially using slow movements; and performing each exercise
set substantially to a point of momentary failure.
11. The system of claim 10 further comprising a feedback means for
providing feedback information to an exerciser as to conformance to
the method comprising: performing a regimen of single exercise sets
in a sequence progressing substantially from exertion of larger to
smaller muscles, wherein exercise movement is performed
substantially using slow movements; and performing each exercise
set substantially to a point of momentary failure.
12. The system of claim 11 wherein the feedback means is an LCD
display or speaker.
13. A system for exercising comprising: an inclined exercise bench
to provide exercise resistance for an exerciser; and means for
coaching or monitoring the exerciser's use of the inclined exercise
bench in a regimen of single exercise sets in a sequence
progressing substantially from exertion of larger to smaller
muscles, wherein exercise movement is performed substantially using
slow movements.
14. The system of claim 13 wherein the means for coaching or
monitoring is an electronic monitor for monitoring the rate of
exercise movement by the exerciser and for providing an indication
to the exerciser so that each exercise set may be performed
substantially to a point of momentary failure.
15. The system of claim 14 wherein the monitor comprises a memory
containing program instructions to implement the method comprising:
performing a regimen of single exercise sets in a sequence, wherein
exercise movement is performed substantially using slow movements;
and performing each exercise set substantially to a point of
momentary failure.
16. A system for exercising, comprising: an inclined bench to
provide an exercise resistance for an exerciser using the bench;
and a set of instructions for communication to the exerciser prior
to and/or during use of the inclined bench, wherein the set of
instructions comprises instructions to implement the method of
exercising of claim 1.
17. The system of claim 16 wherein the set of instructions is
communicated to the user solely during use of the inclined
bench.
18. The system of claim 16 further comprising a force monitor,
connected to the user, operable to determine when the point of
momentary failure is substantially reached.
19. A method of teaching an exercise method, comprising instructing
an exerciser to implement the method of exercising of claim 1.
20. The method of claim 19 further comprising using an inclined
bench to implement the method of exercising.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a non-provisional application claiming
benefit under 35 U.S.C. sec. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application
Ser. No. 60/729,326, filed Oct. 21, 2005 (titled RESISTANCE
EXERCISE METHOD AND SYSTEM by Vincent J. Bocchicchio), which is
incorporated in full by reference herein.
BACKGROUND
[0002] 1. Field
[0003] This invention relates in general to exercise systems and
methods. More specifically, the present invention relates to a
resistance exercise method and system using slow movements by an
exerciser.
[0004] 2. General Background
[0005] The conventional wisdom and literature supports the
mechanism of resistance (exercise) training incorporated to produce
increases in muscle strength and size. Concurrently, the abundance
of literature reinforces the cardiovascular (aerobic, endurance)
responses to longer duration, lower intensity exercise.
[0006] In point of fact, the preponderance of established science
indicates that the two aforementioned pathways (anaerobic/strength
related and aerobic/endurance related) are in fact, inhibitory to
and practically exclusive of the other. In the practical
application of these established theories, separate exercise
regimens are utilized in order to elicit the two predominantly
corresponding responses. The term "circuit training" has been used
to describe exercise regimens that attempt to combine elements of
the two pathways to elicit the corresponding responses
simultaneously. Some attempts to incorporate both of these exercise
elements have been less effective than either type performed
independently. In this linear approach, it is often unclear what
"working model" drives the choice of exercises, duration of each
and order in which they are performed.
[0007] Accordingly, it would be desirable to have an improved
exercise method and system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure,
reference is now made to the following FIGURE:
[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates an inclined exercise bench system used in
accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0010] The exemplification set out herein illustrates particular
embodiments, and such exemplification is not intended to be
construed as limiting in any manner.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0011] The following description describes specific embodiments
sufficiently to enable those skilled in the art to practice it.
Other embodiments may incorporate structural, process and other
changes. Examples merely typify possible variations. Individual
components and functions are optional unless explicitly required,
and the sequence of operations may vary. Portions and features of
some embodiments may be included in or substituted for those of
others. The scope of the invention encompasses the full ambit of
the claims and all available equivalents.
[0012] An improved resistance exercise method and system is
described herein. The exercise method and system is generally a
slow resistance training system. The method is designed to attempt
to produce multi-dimensional physiological responses in an
exerciser. It is desired that the exercise method instigate a
myriad of positive physiological responses from a single exercise
intervention. The conventional wisdom and literature refutes the
concept that this scenario is even substantially plausible.
[0013] Generally, the method involves exercise by performing
exercise sets in a sequence progressing from exertion of larger to
smaller muscles, with the exercise movement performed using slow
movements. A sequence of hips, legs, back, chest, shoulders and
arms is a specific example of working larger to smaller
muscles/groups.
[0014] Each exercise set is performed substantially to a point of
momentary failure. The slow movement is, for example, at a rate of
less than about thirty degrees per second. The exercise sets are
typically performed with as little rest between each exercise set
as global or central fatigue will allow. Resistance is applied
during each exercise set to produce muscle failure within a
predefined time under tension parameter.
[0015] One example of an exercise protocol according to the above
method is outlined as follows:
Exercise Protocol
[0016] 1. Resistance exercise performed in a sequence of larger to
smaller muscles. [0017] 2. Each exercise performed for one set.
[0018] 3. Each set continued to a point of momentary failure.
[0019] 4. Resistance applied on each exercise to produce failure
within a given "time under tension" parameter. [0020] 5. All
movement performed in a slow manner (e.g., slower than 30 degrees
per second). [0021] 6. Exercises performed with as little rest
between exercises as central fatigue will allow. [0022] 7. Two
exercise sessions are performed per week. [0023] 8. Recovery time
is prescribed between 48 and 96 hours.
[0024] It should be noted that many other variations may be
implemented according to the slow resistance exercise method
described herein.
The Mechanism of Action
[0025] This exercise system benefits from (without intending to
limit the scope of the exercise method) sustained, multi-strata
muscle fiber or motor unit recruitment eliciting multiple pathway
(aerobic and anaerobic) responses substantially simultaneously. The
neurological and central responses to sustained muscle recruitment
trigger mechanisms conventionally associated with long duration
exercise. In addition, at the site of the exercising muscle or
muscle group a variety of metabolite and signal molecule
concentrations stimulate a typically predictable cascading of
chemical events externally associated with positive lean tissue
exercise responses. In addition (without intending to limit the
scope of the exercise method), the fluid shear resulting from
continuous tension dynamic exercise instigates an NO pathway and
its associated physiological benefits.
[0026] This novel system offers a novel usage of muscle fiber
recruitment. One assumption is based on the skeletal muscle fiber
recruitment model indicating an orderly and graduated recruitment
pattern demonstrated repeatedly in the theoretical literature.
[0027] This novel system establishes the attainment of both aerobic
and anaerobic thresholds, as defined in the published technical
literature, simultaneously for the first time. It has been
heretofore accepted that the two energy pathways were mutually
inhibitory to the extent of exclusion. It should be noted here that
positive thresholds can be established substantially
simultaneously.
[0028] As an example: Production and removal of La are influenced
by the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the sarcoplasm of
the muscle fibers. This LDH can be present as heart specific
(H-LDH) or muscle specific (M_LDH) isozymes. M-LDH facilitates the
reduction of pyruvate to La, whereas H-LDH favors oxidation of La
to pyruvate. In the exercise method described herein, both of these
enzyme responses can be induced simultaneously and can be measured
either as elevated total LDH or fractionated as separate isozymes.
Accordingly, both mechanisms can attain the required threshold
concentrations and drive positive, albeit divergent, pathway
responses as a result of a singular mechanical intervention.
Working Model
[0029] The working model of slow resistance training performed
under the following aspects generally refutes the conventional
theories of exercise and their mechanical applications and instead
supports a synergistic phenomenon:
[0030] The mechanical aspects typically include the most or all of
the following: [0031] Generally working (exercising) larger muscles
to smaller muscles (or groups) (this initiates the central response
mechanism more significantly and more readily than beginning with
smaller, less demanding muscles); [0032] Achieving and maintaining
an elevated cardiac response (demand), not necessarily absolutely
correlated to heart rate response, to increase flux in and out of
working muscles without creating global fatigue; [0033] Moving the
resistance in a slow, deliberate manner in order to minimize
unproductive kinetic forces (momentum), during both the positive
(concentric) and negative (concentric) phases of the exercise;
[0034] Working each muscle to a point of external (mechanical)
failure through a full range of comfortable movement (the body's
fatigue mechanism is correlated with a threshold level of
metabolite build-up correlated in this model as the trigger point
for the cascading of positive metabolic events); and [0035]
Performing one such set of repetitions for each exercise.
[0036] Once the above threshold is attained, no more stimulation is
desired or necessary. More of the same muscle stimulation is
usually considered to be non-productive or counterproductive with
regard to increased oxidative and mechanical stress. As one
temporal example, the point of external failure may be reached in a
time frame of about 40 seconds to 2 minutes under tension or
exercise load.
[0037] Consistent with the established parameters of muscle fiber
recruitment and optimal sustained duration, the foregoing time
constraints have been clinically observed to reinforce their
utilization. Stimulatory (internal) chemical change is represented
by the aforementioned external (mechanical) circumstance herein
described as "failure". Moving from one exercise to the next with
little recovery allows an effort unencumbered by exaggerated
respiratory fatigue (central failure).
The Cardio-Chemical Pathway
[0038] Although it is complex in structure and function, the human
body operates on a simple set of principles. One of these
principles is that all "work, change and information utilization"
in the body is primarily mediated through chemical means.
Practically speaking, this statement means that any mechanical
exertion that leads to a change in the body must be translated into
a corresponding set of chemical exertions that lead to chemical
change. Therefore, improved cardiovascular function resulting from
exercise must be the result of a chemical change that produces a
positive set of conditions. Furthermore, the systems of the body
are non-linear in nature. This condition holds that one unit of
work may result in many more than one unit of change.
[0039] Conventional wisdom, reinforced by an abundance of data and
experience, holds that one must perform a certain type of
repetitive exercise for a minimum amount of time (approximately 20
minutes) at a level of exertion that does not cause the body to
become systemically exhausted in order to achieve cardiovascular
improvement. This improvement is measured in an increased ability
of the body to do mechanical work that is linked to the uptake of
oxygen (i.e., aerobic work). The cardiovascular system is said to
become more efficient and therefore healthier.
[0040] Based on the statements above, this improved efficiency must
be the result of a positive chemical change that leads perhaps to
(among other things) increased blood supply to tissue, more oxygen
transported to and by-products transported away from tissues and in
the long term new tissue being generated.
The New Working Model: NO Pathways
[0041] Nitric oxide (NO) is a simple diatomic molecule that is the
subject of a considerable body of work in the existing literature.
NO has a role in molecular signaling and control of the
cardiovascular system. In particular, NO is responsible for
increasing blood flow to tissues through vasodilation and is a key
signal molecule in the cytokine/inflammation and tissue repair
pathways. Because of this seminal work, there has been an
overwhelming rush to produce drugs that tap into the NO pathways
(Viagra is a popular example). But this information is not directly
relevant to exercise needs.
[0042] The working model herein may be described in part by drawing
an analogy to the results of a recent system of mechanical
manipulation of the cardiovascular system known as Externally
Enhanced Counter Pulsation or EECP. EECP is a simple technique
approved by the FDA for improving the cardiovascular systems of
people who suffer from congestive heart failure and other maladies
but present too big a risk for surgery. In addition, it is used by
many elite athletes to improve recovery time after workouts and to
increase their training efficiency. EECP has been shown to initiate
re-vascularization of damaged heart tissue and to elicit the
equivalent response in terms of cardiovascular health to that of
exercise. EECP works on the principal of forcing blood from the
extremities back to the heart mechanically in a method that is
timed when the aortic valve is closed. Blood flow to the heart is
increased in such a way that vascular damage is greatly improved if
not reversed. The mechanism of action has been elucidated to a
large extent and it involves the local production of NO resulting
from the shear force of the fluid moving through the cardiovascular
system. Thus, mechanical work is translated into chemical work that
results in tissue regeneration and improvement of the health of the
cardiovascular system.
[0043] Much of the improvement in the functional capacity and
concurrent "health" of the cardiovascular system is driven by this
and related mechanisms, no matter what the origin of the stimulus.
Therefore, this working model may be utilized to design an exercise
regimen that is built around this mechanism of action to build
local muscle strength (tissue increase) and global oxygen carrying
capacity and efficiency (cardiovascular fitness) in a more
efficient way.
Lean Tissue (Anabolic Pathways)
[0044] The stated objective of resistance training has
traditionally been associated with the resulting increase in lean
mass in the form of protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle
structures and in the protein matrix of the bones. Much of the
process of anabolic response has been deduced as being correlative
in nature to numerous chemical actions, but at this time few
specific actions have been identified. However, the mechanical
interventions conventionally associated with this process are
nebulous at best and inaccurate upon objective assessment.
[0045] The health of the human body is both reflected and affected
in the maintenance of a certain optimal range (ratio) of
fat-to-lean tissue. As this ratio increases for any reason, many
disease states, such as Type II diabetes and cardiovascular
disease, begin to appear. These disease states have a specific
chemical basis--that is to say, they are the result of profound
chemical imbalances locally and globally in the body. A major
objective of any health-related exercise regimen must be to
maintain the body at or close to the optimum fat-to-lean tissue
ratio. By its very nature, this process will activate local and
global growth factors not only for lean tissue generation and
maintenance, but for the corresponding vasculature as well.
The Working Model
[0046] If the orderly recruitment of human skeletal muscle is used
as a basis for the interpretation of muscle action and response, it
becomes evident that any system that does not rely on metabolic
responses to that recruitment pattern is flawed. The standard
mechanical schemes that have been identified as correlative to
enhanced lean tissue responses do not consider the metabolic
pathways that must influence those responses.
[0047] The production of lean body mass is associated with an
increase in the contraction proteins that constitute the skeletal
muscle fibers (e.g., myosin and actin) referred to as hypertrophy.
Traditionally, hypertrophic responses are thought to correspond to
mechanical overload. It is not the mechanical overload per se that
is the cause of the increase in lean mass, but it is rather the
specific chemical response. The aforementioned chemical response
attains threshold (stimulatory) status when the product of
concentration and local half-life (time of sustained metabolite)
concentration reach a critical level. In practical terms, the
concentration of species surpasses a critical threshold for a long
enough duration so that the product of the two is sufficient to
drive the production of enhanced lean mass.
[0048] In order to achieve this unique set of conditions in any
group of muscles, the fibers are activated that are most efficient
in producing the proper chemical response. Under the circumstances
described in the orderly recruitment of human skeletal muscle
fibers, if the most difficult and last (in order) fiber types
recruited are stimulated in the use of the muscle, then all (other,
lower strata) fibers must be utilized and must be operating to
their maximum capacity. This demand is correlated to the highest
level of exercise intensity. Historically, that (level) has been
conventionally associated with maximum force output by the working
muscles.
[0049] The problem with this model is that extremely high forces
and mechanical stresses are correspondingly imposed on the joints
and attaching system involved. Furthermore, the critical element of
sustaining a threshold level of chemical species is practically
impossible to attain through the use of violent, sporadic
contractions.
[0050] The working model described herein induces the corresponding
muscle fiber recruitment pattern (the associated internal chemical
mechanism) by substantially sustaining demand (constant load) on
the exercising muscle structure at a level that ensures the
inclusion of the most relevant fibers. The associated, external
model of this mechanism utilizes resistance that achieves
mechanical failure within the theoretically indicated time frame
of, for example, approximately 45 to 90 seconds of highest level
(fiber demand) muscle loading.
Mechanism of Action (IGF Pathway)
[0051] A major mechanism by which the body creates lean mass
(muscle and bone) is through a pathway that originates with the
secretion of human growth hormone and that is subsequently mediated
by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1). These hormones are part of
a so-called cascade that signals cellular function as well as the
migration and differentiation of stem cells or progenitor cells.
IGF-1 is found circulating in blood serum and can also be released
locally in active tissue. This hormone axis is also responsible for
stimulating the release of nitric oxide (NO) which in turn helps
drive the production of new vascular tissue. It has been shown in
separate studies that the hGH/IGF-1 axis is instrumental in
maintaining left ventricle displacement volume as well as keeping
the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines low and insuring
healthy endothelial tissue in the vascular system. All of this is
important because without healthy vascular and expanding vascular
tissue there can be no creation of new lean tissue.
[0052] The mode of exercise described herein may access both the
global and local IGF pathway. When an entire group of muscles with
all types of fibers having both aerobic and anaerobic capability
are taxed at their most intricate (highest) recruitment level and
that recruitment level is sustained, then the concentration of
species build to a critical level. Correspondingly, the IGF
pathways are activated to create new tissue to support the new
level of demand.
[0053] The effects take place not only locally in the activated
muscle, but also in the vascular system because of the IGF cascade
and the surging fluid in the arteries (especially in the coronary
arteries) that cause NO to be released. All known mechanisms are at
work simultaneously to drive tissue formation, increased
metabolism, cell division and muscle fiber creation, new
vasculature and increased cardiac function and efficiency. The
nature of this cascade is that the chemical after-effects take
place over many hours after the stimulation has ceased. This state
may be correlated with the so-called "increase in metabolism" that
leads to consumption of fat and creation and maintenance of lean
mass.
[0054] Regarding the access of these pathways simultaneously, two
basic aspects, muscle exertion with a concomitant buildup of
metabolites, and enzymes and hormones coupled with driving the NO
pathway in the cardiovascular system, can only be attained by the
proper muscle taxation (externally corresponding to muscle failure)
and by the maintaining of a certain cardiac volume output for a
minimum amount of time. These conditions require that the entire
body is worked efficiently and that the cardiovascular system is
functioning at high-volume output without central failure. There
may be a large number of trajectories that result in these
conditions being met, but it is the use of the general method as
described herein that achieves this state.
[0055] An example of the application of the above exercise method
in a clinical trial is described in the Appendix to this
application, which is incorporated herein by reference. The
clinical trial measured certain body characteristics before and
after five weeks of incorporating the above exercise method as
performed on an inclined exercise bench system. It should be noted
that the above exercise method may be incorporated into many other
types of exercise equipment, and the method may be incorporated
into software used to control or operate or monitor such equipment
and its conformance to the characteristics of the exercise method
described above.
[0056] As a specific example of a use of the above exercise method
with exercise equipment, FIG. 1 illustrates an inclined exercise
bench system 100, which is a graduated resistance ladder/pulley
type of system. More specifically, system 100 is a graduated,
adjustable (e.g., by bench height adjustment), pulley-exercise
device including a sliding bench 102 upon which an exerciser may
sit, kneel or lie (depending on the part of the body being
exercised). Bench 102 is connected to a pulley or series of pulleys
104. System 100 provides various gradients of resistance as a
result of some vector of the exerciser's body weight.
[0057] System 100 may include an electronic monitor (not shown) for
monitoring the rate of exercise movement and providing an
indication to an exerciser so that each exercise set may be
performed substantially to a point of momentary failure. The
electronic monitor may be any conventional monitoring device such
as an accelerometer. The electronic monitor may include memory for
storing software, a processor, and a user monitor or other feedback
device. The software may be programmed to provide feedback to the
user and/or to process other data related to the use of the
exercise method described above by the exerciser, or coaching or
training by a trainer or therapist. Feedback to the exerciser may
also be provided, for example, using an LCD or other display or
audio means such as a speaker.
[0058] In addition, system 100 may include a force monitor (not
shown), connected to the user, operable to determine when the point
of momentary failure is substantially reached. Also, system 100 may
include a set of instructions (not shown) for communication to the
exerciser prior to and/or during use of the inclined bench. The
instructions implement the method of exercising as described
herein. The instructions may be provided, for example, in a
tangible form to the user, such as in a cardboard instruction sheet
mounted on system 100 in a manner visible to the user during
exercise.
[0059] Also, the set of instructions may be provided, for example,
in the form of an exercise instruction video that is played during
use of system 100. The instructions may also be used by a trainer
that is directing the exerciser. The instructions are considered to
be used by the exerciser in use of system 100 even if the trainer
and/or the exerciser have studied or learned the instructions prior
to any particular exercise session.
[0060] The set of instructions may also be programmed in software
associated with system 100 and executed by the exerciser and/or
trainer during exercise, or prior to exercise when first learning
to use the exercise method described herein. The software may be
stored in the memory of system 100 described above, or
alternatively, may be executed and provided as, for example, a web
service over the Internet or executed on a computer system separate
from system 100. The computer system may be, for example, placed in
the proximity of system 100 for use during exercise (e.g., guiding
the user's exercise and/or monitoring aspects of the user's
exercise progress).
[0061] By the foregoing description, an improved resistance
exercise system and method have been described. The foregoing
description of specific embodiments reveals the general nature of
the system and method sufficiently that others can, by applying
current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt it for various
applications without departing from the generic concept. Therefore,
such adaptations and modifications are within the meaning and range
of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. The phraseology or
terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and
not of limitation. Accordingly, the system and method embrace all
such alternatives, modifications, equivalents and variations as
fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
APPENDIX
Total Gym.RTM. Exercise Bench Test Study
The benefits of the Exercise System as Performed on the Total
Gym.RTM. Exercise Bench in a Cross-Sectional Population
[0062] Improved body composition (increased lean tissue and
decreased fat content), cardio respiratory endurance, upper body
and lower body strength, trunk flexibility, decreased resting blood
pressure and heart rate are shown in a cross-population clinical
trial set forth below.
Study Background
[0063] Decreased muscle mass, bone density and cardio respiratory
endurance are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular
disease, stroke, hypertension, type II diabetes, osteoporosis and
mortality. (1), (2) (see citation references used throughout this
Appendix listed by reference number in the Bibliography provided
below). Improvements in the aforementioned areas can decrease the
probability of disease, disability and mortality. (3), (4) Aerobic
exercise is conventionally associated with increasing cardio
respiratory endurance. (5) Anaerobic, strength training is
conventionally associated with increasing lean mass. (6) To date,
no studies are known to have been designed to measure or observe
the effects of total body resistance exercise on all of the
aforementioned areas of human performance and their correlation to
known health risks.
Purpose of This Study
[0064] This clinical trial was undertaken to measure body
composition, cardio respiratory endurance, upper body strength,
lower body strength, trunk flexibility, resting blood pressure and
resting heart rate before and after 5 weeks of incorporating the
resistance exercise method above as performed on an inclined
exercise bench system (sold under the trademark TOTAL
GYM.RTM.).
Participants and Methodology
[0065] Ten healthy adults were intentionally selected on an age,
gender and fitness level varied basis from the age of 18 to 72
within fitness levels categorized from non-conditioned to
highly-fit. The participants all performed the same seven-exercise
protocol two times per week.
[0066] The exercise method utilized was the resistance exercise
method described in the application above. This regimen
incorporates very slow speed resistance training performed in a
sequence of large to small muscle (groups) to a point of
(perceived) momentary failure within time under load parameters
that coincide with physiological indices and clinical observation.
(6) Each exercise followed with as little rest as required by the
subject to perform the next exercise without perceived respiratory
limitation. All subjects at all levels were readily capable of
following these design parameters.
[0067] All exercises were performed on a Total Gym XL or a Total
Gym 26000 exercise system. All increments were recorded for each
training session. All repetitions and sets were timed under load,
and the total workout time was recorded for each session. All
exercise sessions were constantly supervised by two testers.
Subjects reported very little difficulty in performing the basic
exercises and very little was noted by the supervisors. No specific
diet or exercise supplementation was prescribed.
[0068] All participants underwent the following assessments on a
pre-test and post-test basis:
Body Composition Analysis:
[0069] Using an RJL B-103 Analyzer, all subjects were pre-tested
using a bio-electrical impedance method. The instrument was
calibrated each day testing was recorded. All tests were performed
by the applicant and an assistant to witness data collection.
(7)
Aerobic Power Assessment:
[0070] Using a Schwinn Airdyne ergometer, each subject was
pre-tested using an incremental protocol of one minute intervals
after a 30-second exposure at the minimum level of resistance. Each
full interval was sustained for one minute and then increased for
each additional minute or part thereof until the subject felt a
perceived exertion of 8 to 8.5 on the Borg scale. (8)
Upper Body Strength Assessment:
[0071] Using a MAXICAM seated bench press machine, each subject was
tested for a one, full repetition maximum lift. If the subject
succeeded, he or she elected to increase the load by 5 to 20 pounds
until a maximum lift was attained.
Lower Body Strength Assessment:
[0072] Using a MAXICAM leg extension machine, each subject was
tested for a one, full-repetition maximum lift. If the subject
succeeded, he or she elected to increase the load by 5 to 20 pounds
until a maximum lift was attained.
Trunk Flexibility:
[0073] Each subject was pre-tested performing a simple sit and
reach trunk extension test. The subjects were given three attempts
and instructed not to bounce or strain.
Resting Blood Pressure:
[0074] Each subject was seated for 5 minutes and a simple
plethysmographic measurement was taken on the left arm and repeated
to insure accuracy.
Resting Heart Rate:
[0075] While seated for the blood pressure analysis, each subject
was manually tested for resting heart rate using a left arm radial
pulse count for 60 seconds.
[0076] It should be noted that none of the performance testing
indices were performed during the study in order to prevent any
level of skill acquisition from convoluting the data.
Health Benefits of Exercise Training
[0077] The benefits of both aerobic training and resistance
training are widely and consistently reported and supported in the
literature. (9), (10), (11) An overview of that scientific data
provides the consensus that aerobic activity reduces the long-term
development of cardiovascular disease. (12), (13) Concurrently,
resistance training has been more recently reported to promote
musculoskeletal fitness and metabolic improvements in insulin
sensitivity, glucose metabolism and a host of other health related
conditions. (14), (15)
[0078] A significant finding from this clinical trial is that
multiple (beneficial) metabolic pathways can be stimulated by a
singular mechanical (exercise) intervention. In addition, the
exercise exposure (time) required to elicit these myriad responses
can be reduced drastically from that supported in the existing
literature.
Results
[0079] As a result of a five-week, ten-session exposure utilizing
the exercise system conducted on the Total Gym exercise bench, the
following responses were attained: [0080] BODY COMPOSITION: The
average body composition change was minus 5.89%, which constituted
a 26.4% loss in body fat. [0081] FAT LOSS: The average fat loss was
10.43 pounds. Again, that loss is indicated as an average 26.4%
loss of fat tissue in 5 weeks. [0082] LEAN TISSUE (MUSCLE) GAIN:
The average increase in lean (muscle) mass was 7.88 pounds in 5
weeks. [0083] AEROBIC POWER: The average increase in aerobic power
was 36% with no "conventional" aerobic training involved. That was
an average increase of 3.79 METS. [0084] TRUNK FLEXIBILITY: The
average trunk flexibility increase was 2.175 inches. [0085] UPPER
BODY STRENGTH: The average upper body strength increase was 16.5
pounds which was an average increase of 24.7%. No bench presses
(the test exercise) were performed during the study. [0086] LOWER
BODY STRENGTH: The average lower body strength increase was 26.75
pounds which was an average increase of 19.7%. No leg extensions
(the test exercise) were performed during the study.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
[0087] The predominant theme of public health advisors reinforces
the need to institute and program productive exercise for all
Americans from childhood through the elder years. (16), (17) The
growing prevalence of type II diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis and a
number of fat-related, sedentary lifestyle disorders mandates that
real intervention is essential on a social, economic and a
scientific level. (18) (19)
[0088] The governmental and academic models for exercise adherence
have not been embraced and have largely failed. Recently, those
recommendations have increased with regard to the suggested optimal
exercise exposure. However, that is an unrealistic approach. It is
preferred to provide a viable alternative to the apparently
overwhelming (with regard to compliance) prior model that has
failed so convincingly. (20)
[0089] Significant long-term weight loss is typically sustained
only with the inclusion of exercise. As substantiated by the
preponderance of the associated literature, the predictable
metabolic response to caloric restriction is (metabolic) rate
reduction. (21), (22) With the exception of precarious
pharmacological intervention or radical surgery, no methodology
other than exercise has proven to be an effective adjunct to
long-term weight loss maintenance. The working model described
herein suggests that the metabolic pathways that stimulate protein
uptake also stimulate fat utilization and inhibit fat storage. A
modest regimen of exercise that effectively stimulates those
cascading pathways associated with protein uptake is valuable for
continued positive feedback and associated widespread
adherence.
[0090] This study, in addition to a long-term clinical observation,
also supports that older populations can significantly increase
lean mass. (23), (24) This working model attributes this phenomenon
to local growth factor responses to this protocol. (25), (26) The
consequences of that mechanism can reasonably be assumed to provide
additional benefits manifested in the support systems (cardiac,
vascular, endocrine etc.) as reinforced by the data in this trial.
(27), (28), (29)
[0091] In addition, it is noted that the average cumulative muscle
load time of the exercise protocol was less than 13 minutes per
session. Nothing approaching such a limited exercise exposure (as
used in this study) has produced positive responses of this
magnitude using such a wide variety of parameters.
[0092] This study provided a small reflection of a fairly simple,
safe, and universally-applicable exercise protocol performed on a
simple device that can be utilized in a home or other setting. The
prescription of this protocol is palatable (e.g., twice per week
for approximately 20 minutes per session). It has been demonstrated
historically that its application can provide ample stimulus to
produce positive responses in the muscle, skeletal and
cardiovascular systems. In addition, consistent and universal (at
typically all fitness levels) increases in performance and
physiological status have been noted and reinforced by the study
data.
Seven-Week Follow-Up
[0093] The subjects were followed for seven additional weeks
following the five-week protocol. They all adhered to the study
regimen on their own. They all used the Total Gym exercise bench at
a supervised exercise facility or in their homes. Seven persons
have been re-tested and have all maintained or improved their
post-test scores. It should be noted that the average training time
is less than 20 minutes, two times per week.
BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR CITATION NUMBER REFERENCES IN TEST STUDY ABOVE
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