U.S. patent application number 11/417556 was filed with the patent office on 2007-04-19 for medical connector with closeable male luer.
Invention is credited to Thomas F. JR. Fangrow.
Application Number | 20070088292 11/417556 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37949059 |
Filed Date | 2007-04-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070088292 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Fangrow; Thomas F. JR. |
April 19, 2007 |
Medical connector with closeable male luer
Abstract
A luer connector comprising a housing with a hollow bore having
first and second ends. The hollow bore also has a male luer tip and
a tapering interior surface. The luer connector also comprises a
rigid valve member configured to at least partially extend through
the housing. The valve member has a first opened end and a second
closed end. The valve member also comprises a passageway within the
valve member and an outwardly extending flange near the second end
adapted to seal the hollow bore at the second end of the housing
when placed in contact with a tapering interior surface of the
housing. The valve member further comprises at least one opening
near the closed end of the valve member extending outward from the
passageway through the valve member and at least one strut attached
to the valve member. At least a portion of the strut extends
substantially parallel to the central axis of the valve member. The
luer connector also comprises a retaining member configured to
couple the valve member and the housing and a sealing element
disposed within the housing. The sealing element is configured to
inhibit fluid communication through the hollow bore of the housing
between the interior of the male luer tip of the housing and the
first end of the housing.
Inventors: |
Fangrow; Thomas F. JR.;
(Mission Viejo, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
KNOBBE MARTENS OLSON & BEAR LLP
2040 MAIN STREET
FOURTEENTH FLOOR
IRVINE
CA
92614
US
|
Family ID: |
37949059 |
Appl. No.: |
11/417556 |
Filed: |
May 3, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60696894 |
Jul 6, 2005 |
|
|
|
60707319 |
Aug 11, 2005 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/246 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M 39/26 20130101;
A61M 2039/1066 20130101; Y10T 137/87973 20150401; A61M 39/22
20130101; A61M 2039/267 20130101; A61M 2039/261 20130101; A61M
2039/1033 20130101; A61M 2039/268 20130101; A61M 39/10 20130101;
A61M 39/12 20130101; A61M 2039/263 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
604/246 |
International
Class: |
A61M 5/00 20060101
A61M005/00 |
Claims
1. A luer connector comprising: a housing with a hollow bore having
a first end and a second end wherein the second end comprises a
male luer with an interior inward ledge at the tip, the inward
ledge extending towards the central axis of the hollow bore; a
rigid valve member configured to at least partially extend through
the housing, the valve member having a first opened end and a
second closed end, wherein the second closed end tapers and is
adapted to seal the hollow bore of the housing at the second end of
the housing by contacting the inward ledge and comprising: a
passageway within the valve member; at least one opening near the
closed end of the valve member extending outwardly from the
passageway through the valve member; at least one strut attached to
the valve member, at least a portion of the strut extending
substantially parallel to the central axis of the valve member; a
retaining member configured to couple the valve member and the
housing; and a sealing element disposed within the housing and
configured to inhibit fluid communication through the hollow bore
of the housing between the interior of the male luer tip of the
housing and the first end of the housing.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is related to, and claims benefit under 35
U.S.C. .sctn. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
60/696,894, filed Jul. 6, 2005 and to U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 60/707,319, filed Aug. 11, 2005, each of which is
incorporated in its entirety by reference herein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONS
[0002] 1. Field of the Inventions
[0003] This invention relates generally to medical connectors
through which fluids flow, and in particular, to medical connectors
with male luers.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] Systems of connectors, valves, and tubing are routinely used
in hospitals and other medical settings for facilitating the
transfer of fluids to and from patients. It is often a challenge to
keep such systems sterile and to prevent leakage of fluids when the
various components are engaged and disengaged.
[0006] In order to maintain a barrier to bacteria, debris, and
fluid leakage, female connectors often have been provided with
closures, such as septa, flexible seals, or other impediments, at
their mating ends. When a male luer connector is engaged with the
female connector, the closure of the female connector is
temporarily opened, pierced, or moved to allow fluid to flow
between the two connectors. Male connectors typically employ
needles or luers to open, pierce, or move the closure on the female
connectors.
[0007] In many systems, only the female connectors are
automatically blocked from the external environment when
disengaged. Male luer connectors are generally not provided with
automatic closing mechanisms. Male luer connectors sometimes employ
additional components, such as caps, to stop the flow of fluid and
impede the entry of bacteria and debris. Because such closure
mechanisms are not automatic (or not used at all), male luer
connectors are sometimes left unsealed, allowing fluid to drip out.
This may increase the risk of unsanitary conditions inside and
outside of the fluid transfer system. In addition, in some medical
applications such as certain chemotherapy treatments, the fluids in
the tubing and connectors can be harmful if released.
[0008] Moreover, in the busy environment of hospitals and other
medical settings, health care providers must often quickly
manipulate multiple medical implements with one hand, making it
difficult to retrieve male luer caps and rapidly attach them upon
disengagement of male connectors. In addition, male luer connectors
are often employed at the downstream end of gravity-fed fluid
sources such as IV bags. When the connectors and tubing are
initially connected to such sources, they are generally empty
(i.e., filled with air) and must be primed with fluid before they
can be connected to a patient. During the priming procedure, fluid
is allowed to flow from the upstream end of the tubing toward the
male luer connector on the downstream end. As the flow flows
through the tubing, the air in the tubing escapes through the male
connector on the downstream end into the environment. Once the
fluid itself reaches the male connector, it can also escape and
spill out. Because male luer connectors do not usually close
automatically after priming, the male luer often drips out a small
amount of fluid as the male connector is rapidly moved into mating
engagement with a female connector. For this reason, the male luer
is generally held over a sink or trash can at the end of the
priming procedure to contain the dripping fluid.
[0009] There is a need for a closable male luer connector that
automatically opens when engaged with a female connector and
automatically closes when disengaged from such connector to
minimize or eliminate dripping during priming and other procedures
and to improve the barrier of the fluid transfer system against
bacteria and other debris.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONS
[0010] Disclosed are various embodiments of medical connectors with
closable male luers. It is contemplated that the features of the
various embodiments disclosed herein are combinable to form
additional embodiments. Such combinations are within the scope of
this disclosure.
[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, a male luer connector has a main
housing with first and second ends. The second end of the housing
comprises a male luer and a shroud surrounding at least a portion
of the male luer. The shroud has screw threads disposed on an
internal wall thereof. A tubular valve member with a fluid pathway
is disposed within the housing. The valve member has a tip on its
second end. In the region near the tip, a pair of fluid holes is
positioned on opposite sides of the valve member. The tip is
configured to abut snugly against an internal wall of the male luer
in a region at or near the second end of the male luer. The valve
member also has a pair of struts directed towards the second end.
The struts extend axially through a portion of the housing, and the
ends of the struts towards the second end are positioned within a
space between the male luer and the shroud on the second end of the
housing. A length of medical tubing is connected to the connector.
An end of the tubing is attached to the first end of the valve
member by adhesive, welding, or some other means. A resilient,
elastomeric member extends from a mid-section region on the outside
of the housing to a region at or near the first end of the valve
member within the housing.
[0012] In a substantially closed state, the resilient member is
configured to pull the housing and the tubular valve member
together along their respective axes. In this state, the tip of the
valve member is pressed into close contact with a portion of the
internal wall on the second end of the male luer, and fluid flow
from the medical tubing through the tubular valve member is
impeded. Fluid generally cannot escape through the opening on the
second end of the male luer because such opening is blocked by the
tip of the valve member.
[0013] When a force is applied to separate the valve member from
the housing, the resilient member is stretched and the tip of the
valve member is displaced in the direction of the first end from
the second end of the male luer. This separating force can be
applied manually, for example, by grasping the external wall of the
housing with two fingers and grasping the tubing adhered to the
first end of the valve member with two other fingers, and then
moving the fingers in opposite direction. The separating force can
also be applied automatically by a different manual action. For
example, the action of connecting the male luer to a female end of
another medical implement can automatically separate the valve
member from the housing. As the advancing end of the female
connector proceeds up the screw threads on the second end of the
housing of the male luer connector, the female connector makes
contact with and exerts a force directed towards the first end
against the struts of the valve member. This force moves the valve
member towards the first end against the biasing force directed
towards the second end exerted by the resilient member. In this
opened state, fluid is permitted to flow through the opposing
holes, around the tip of the valve member, and out of the connector
through the gap between the tip of the valve member and the
internal wall on the second end of the male luer. In some
embodiments, the valve member is automatically advanced in the
direction of the first end when the valve member contacts a fluid
conduit (e.g., a spike positioned within a female connector) as the
male and female connectors are brought together.
[0014] When the separating force is removed, for example, by
releasing the manual grip on the housing and the tubing, or by
detaching the female connector from the second end of the housing,
the resilient member once again draws the housing and the valve
member together. This causes the tip on the second end of the valve
member to abut closely against a portion of the internal wall in a
region near the second end of the male luer, and impedes fluid flow
out of the valve.
[0015] Also disclosed herein are other features and configurations
for the foregoing embodiment, as well as additional embodiments for
other connectors with closable male luers. Such embodiments
generally include means for permitting or impeding fluid flow
through a male luer on a connector, preferably automatically upon
connection with a corresponding female connector.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Certain embodiments of this invention will now be discussed
in detail with reference to the following figures. These figures
are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the invention is
not limited to the subject matter illustrated in the figures.
[0017] FIG. 1A shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a male
luer connector attached to tubing configured to receive fluid from
a hanging gravity-fed IV bag. In this and other figures, the
relative size of the connector and attached tubing is increased in
comparison to other objects to facilitate viewing certain
details.
[0018] FIG. 1B shows a perspective view of the connector of FIG. 1A
in a stretched, substantially opened configuration.
[0019] FIG. 1C shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the
connector of FIG. 1A being connected to an exemplary female
connector attached to tubing inserted into a patient.
[0020] FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a
closeable male luer connector.
[0021] FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a housing portion of the
connector of FIG. 2.
[0022] FIG. 4A shows a perspective view of a valve member portion
of the connector of FIG. 2.
[0023] FIG. 4B shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a
valve member portion of the connector of FIG. 2.
[0024] FIG. 4C shows a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of
the valve member portion of the connector of FIG. 4B.
[0025] FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a resilient member of the
connector of FIG. 2.
[0026] FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a sealing portion of the
connector of FIG. 2. The relative size of the sealing portion is
increased in comparison with the components of the connector shown
in other figures to facilitate viewing.
[0027] FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of certain components of the
connector of FIG. 2 in a partially assembled configuration. The
housing portion of FIG. 5 is not shown in FIG. 7.
[0028] FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the connector of FIG.
2 adjacent a female portion of another medical implement. At this
stage, fluid is impeded through the connector of FIG. 2.
[0029] FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of the connector of FIG.
2 in engagement with the medical implement of FIG. 8. Fluid is
flowing through the engaged connectors.
[0030] FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the connector of
FIG. 2 adjacent another medical implement with a closeable female
luer connector. At this stage, fluid is impeded through the
connector of FIG. 2 and the female luer connector.
[0031] FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional view of the connectors of
FIG. 10 after engagement. Fluid is flowing through the engaged
connectors.
[0032] FIG. 12 shows a perspective of the connector of FIG. 2
adjacent a syringe with a male luer tip. At this stage, fluid is
impeded through the connector.
[0033] FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of the components of FIG.
12 after engagement. At this stage, fluid is still impeded through
the connector.
[0034] FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of the connector and
the male luer tip of the syringe of FIG. 13.
[0035] FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of the a closeable male
luer connector located with its first end adjacent a syringe with a
male luer tip and with its second end located adjacent a hypodermic
needle with a female luer attachment portion.
[0036] FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of the components of FIG.
15 in engagement. At this stage, fluid can flow through the
connector.
[0037] FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the connector, male
luer tip of the syringe, and hypodermic needle of FIG. 16. At this
stage, fluid can flow through the connector.
[0038] FIG. 18A is a perspective view of another embodiment of a
closeable male luer connector.
[0039] FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional view of the connector of FIG.
18A.
[0040] FIG. 18C is a detail of the cross-sectional view of the
connector of FIG. 18A.
[0041] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the connector of FIG. 18A
located adjacent a syringe with a male luer tip.
[0042] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the components of FIG. 19
in engagement.
[0043] FIG. 21 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a
closeable male luer connector engaged with a syringe with a male
luer tip.
[0044] FIG. 22A is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of
a closeable male luer connector.
[0045] FIG. 22B is a detail of the cross-sectional view of the
connector of FIG. 22A.
[0046] FIG. 23A is a side view of another embodiment of a closeable
male luer connector with a shroud.
[0047] FIG. 23B is a cross-sectional view of the connector of FIG.
23A.
[0048] FIG. 23C is a perspective view an embodiment of a closeable
male luer connector adjacent a closeable female connector. At this
stage, fluid flow is impeded through the female luer connector.
[0049] FIG. 23D is a perspective view of the components of FIG. 23C
in engagement.
[0050] FIG. 24A is a perspective view of another embodiment of a
closeable male luer connector.
[0051] FIG. 24B is a cross-sectional view of the connector of FIG.
24A.
[0052] FIG. 25A is a side view of another embodiment of a closeable
male luer connector with a shroud.
[0053] FIG. 25B is a cross-sectional view of the connector of FIG.
25A.
[0054] FIG. 26A is a perspective view of another embodiment of a
closeable male luer with a flexibly connected female luer
connector.
[0055] FIG. 26B is a perspective view of another embodiment of a
closeable male luer with a flexibly connected female luer
connector.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0056] In one aspect of the present inventions, a variety of means
are shown for closing the second end of a male luer connector. In
some embodiments, these closing mechanisms function to prevent
and/or impede fluid from escaping from or entering into the male
luer, while allowing fluid flow when the male luer is manually
opened or engaged with a corresponding female luer. As used herein,
terms such as "closed" or "sealed" should be understood as
obstructions or barriers to fluid flow. These terms should not be
understood to require that a particular structure or configuration
achieves a complete fluid closure in all circumstances.
[0057] In FIG. 1A, an embodiment of a closable male luer connector
10 is shown in a closed position. The luer connector 10 is attached
to a gravity-fed IV bag 9 filled with fluid hanging from a pole
stand 11. At the bottom of the bag 9, a section of tubing 13 is
attached. The opposite end of the tubing 13 is connected to the
first end 12 of the luer connector 10. A closing mechanism on the
interior of the second end 14 of the luer connector 10 prevents the
fluid contained within the bag 9 from flowing through the tubing 13
and leaking out of the luer connector 10, as long as the luer
connector 10 remains in a closed configuration.
[0058] In FIG. 1B, the connector 10 is illustrated in an open
position. Fluid can flow out into the first end 12 of the connector
10 and out of the second end 14 of the connector 10. A health care
provider can move the male luer connector 10 into this
configuration by grasping the second end of the closable male luer
10 with two fingers, grasping the tubing 13 with two other fingers,
and gently moving the fingers in opposite directions.
[0059] The IV delivery system illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B can be
easily readied for fluid communication with a patient. In most
circumstances, the tubing 13 is filled with air when it is
initially connected to the IV bag 9. If the other end of the tubing
13 is connected to a closed connector, as illustrated in FIG. 1A,
the air cannot escape and fluid cannot enter the tubing 13 from the
IV bag 9. The luer connector 10 is therefore manually moved into
the opened position until all of the air has been purged through
the luer 10 and the fluid in the IV bag 9 fills the tubing 13 and
connector 10. This procedure is known as "priming." As soon as the
fluid line and connector are properly primed, the health care
provider can quickly release the opposing forces applied to the
second end 14 of the luer connector 10 and the tubing 13, and the
closing mechanism of the luer connector 10 can rapidly stop the
flow of fluid through the luer connector 10.
[0060] Referring now to FIG. 1C, a catheter 17 has been inserted
into a patient's arm 15. The catheter 17 penetrates the skin of the
arm 15 and is preferably fluidly connected with the patient's
bloodstream. The catheter 17 is also connected to a length of
medical tubing 19 attached to a female medical connector 21. The
example of a female medical connector 21 illustrated in FIG. 1C is
a version of the Clave.RTM. connector manufactured by ICU Medical,
Inc., San Clemente, Calif. Various embodiments of a connector of
this type are illustrated and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,685,866,
which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. It is
contemplated that many of the male luer embodiments disclosed
herein can be used with other types of female connectors. The
tubing 19, catheter 17, and female connector 21 were previously
primed with fluid using standard procedures. The luer connector 10
is primed as described previously and brought into engagement with
the female connector 21. As described in further detail below, when
the male connector 10 and female connector 21 are engaged, fluid is
permitted to flow from the IV bag 9 into the patient. When the male
connector 10 and female connector 21 are disengaged, fluid is once
again prevented from flowing out of the second end 14 of the male
connector 10. In general, fluid is also prevented from flowing out
of the opening in the female connector 21.
[0061] The embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1C is described in
further detail below. Each of the other embodiments disclosed
herein can be used in the illustrated fluid system, and in various
modifications and alternatives thereof. Further, it is contemplated
that the various embodiments of connectors in accordance with the
inventions can be used in a wide variety of additional medical
fluid systems. For example, the disclosed connectors can also be
used to transfer bodily fluids such as blood, urine, or insulin,
nourishing fluids, and/or therapeutic fluids such as fluids used in
chemotherapy treatments. The disclosed connectors can also be used
to interconnect various other components of fluid transfer
systems.
[0062] Referring now to FIGS. 2-9, the closeable male luer of FIGS.
1A-1C is illustrated in greater detail. As illustrated in FIG. 2,
the assembled luer connector 10 comprises four portions: a housing
23, a valve member 16, a resilient member 18, and a sealing ring 20
(not visible in FIG. 2). These portions are individually
illustrated in FIGS. 3 through 6, and will be discussed in further
detail with reference to these figures. The luer connector 10 can
be constructed of more or fewer portions, and such portions can be
combined into different configurations.
[0063] FIG. 3 illustrates the housing 23 of the connector 10, apart
from the other portions of the luer connector 1O. The housing 23 is
generally a tube-like structure with an axial passageway 28 that
extends from the first end 12 of the connector 10 through the upper
housing 34, and the middle portion 32, and the luer tip 22, to the
second end 14 of the housing 23. In some embodiments, the length of
the housing 23 from the first end 12 to the luer tip 22 is
approximately 11/8 inches. The housing 23 is preferably, but not
necessarily, less than or equal to about 11/2 inches from the first
end 12 to the second end 14 so that the weight and bulk of the
connector are minimized. The housing 23 can have any suitable
length for a particular application. The luer tip 22 connects to
the remainder of the housing 23 at a base 25 that is surrounded by
a shroud 24. The end 27 of the luer tip 22 towards the second end
of the luer connector 10 extends some distance beyond the edge 29
of the shroud.
[0064] The shroud 24 preferably has inner threads 26 on an interior
wall that help securely attached the connector 10 in a removable
fashion to another medical implement. In other embodiments, the
shroud 24 can include other structures or materials for providing a
releasable connection, including quick-release mechanisms and other
means. The shroud 24 includes a plurality of depressions 31 on an
outer surface to assist the user in firmly grasping and twisting
the shroud 24 of the housing 23 with the fingers. The depressions
31 have upwardly tapering sidewalls 33 that prevent the fingers
from sliding off the connector 10. On an end towards the first end
of the connector 10 of each depression 31, the surface of the
housing 23 is approximately co-planar with the surface of the
depression 31, while on an end towards the second end 14 of the
connector 12 of each depression 31, the surface of the housing 23
is offset from, and preferably lies above, the surface of the
depression 31. This configuration allows the fingers to comfortably
slide in a direction towards the second end 14 of the connector 10
along the housing 23 into a position for gripping or twisting the
connector 10. Once the fingers are in the desired position, a
tapered wall 33 on an end towards the second end 14 of the
connector 10 of the depression 31 resists further movement by the
fingers in the direction of the second end 14. A series of
depressions 31 extend around substantially the entire outer surface
of the shroud so that the user's fingers, when positioned on
opposite sides of the connector 10, will likely encounter a
depression 31 regardless of the orientation of the connector 10
during use.
[0065] In the illustrated embodiment, the tip 22 has a tapered
external wall. The diameter of the tip 22 becomes gradually smaller
from the base 25 towards the second end 27. The tip 22 includes a
hole at its second end 27. At the base 25 of the luer tip 22, an
interior hole 35 (see FIG. 8) leads into a region of the fluid
passageway 28 in the middle portion 32 of the luer connector 10.
The dimensions of the luer tip can be made to comply with
applicable standards and/or regulations, such as the ANSI
standards.
[0066] The interior wall of the luer tip 22 preferably includes a
shelf 30 that extends radially inwardly toward the axis of the
fluid passageway 28 surrounded by the luer tip 22, making the fluid
passageway 28 narrower at its second end 27 than in the region
adjacent to the second end 27. In the illustrated embodiment, the
surface of the shelf 29 that faces radially inwardly toward the
central axis of the connector 10 is tapered in a manner similar to
the taper of the outer surface of the tip 22 (see FIGS. 8 and 9).
In this configuration, the inner diameter of the shelf 29 narrows
in a direction from the side towards the first end to the side of
the shelf 29 towards the second end. As described in further detail
below, the shelf 29 in the luer tip 22 helps to block and/or impede
fluid flow through the connector 10 when the second end of the
valve member 16 abuts against it.
[0067] The middle portion 32 of the housing 23 lies between the
shroud 24 and the upper housing 34. As illustrated, the middle
portion 32 has a smaller outer diameter than either the shroud 24
or upper housing 34. The middle portion 32 also has two generally
rectangular openings 36 disposed on opposite sides of the housing
23 from each other. When the connector 10 is assembled, the middle
portion 32 is generally covered by a portion of the resilient
member 18 (see, e.g., FIG. 2). As a result, the middle portion 32
does not generally come into contact with the fingers during use.
Thus, in some embodiments, a grippable surface need not be used for
the middle portion 32. The middle portion 32 can therefore have a
smaller diameter and smoother surface than either of the other
sections of the housing 23.
[0068] The upper housing 34 is generally split into two wall
sections 45a, 45b by two gaps 38 (only one shown in FIG. 3). The
upper housing 34 includes a series of depressions 37 similar in
shape and function to the depressions 31 on the shroud 24. The
upper housing 34 may also comprise one or more protrusions 43 that
extend into the gaps 38. In the assembled configuration, the
protrusions 43 help to retain a portion of the resilient member 18
between the gaps 38 in the wall sections 45a, 45b (see FIG. 2). In
some embodiments, the protrusions 43 are tapered from a smaller
thickness on their ends towards the first end of the connector to a
larger thickness on their ends towards the second end of the
connector. The tapering of the protrusions 43 helps in the
insertion and retention of the portion of the resilient member 18
in a desired position and orientation, while allowing for bending
and contortion of the resilient member 18 during use. The
protrusions 43 also help prevent the valve member 16 from advancing
too far in the direction of the first end as the connector 12 is
moved into the opened position by contacting the set of protrusions
44 toward the second end of the valve member 16. The tapering of
the protrusions 43 allows the protrusions 44 of the valve member 16
to be advanced towards the second end during assembly into the
housing 23 past the protrusions 43 of the housing 23. The corners
47 towards the first end of the connector on each of the wall
sections are preferably rounded to prevent snagging, scratching, or
other damage or irritation to the fingers or resilient member 18
during use.
[0069] As shown in FIG. 3, the exterior surface of the upper
housing 34 includes a lower shelf 39 and the exterior surface of
the shroud 24 includes a shelf 41 configured to help retain a
central portion of the resilient member 18 around the housing 23 in
the assembled configuration (see FIG. 2). The shelf 39 of the upper
housing 34 is preferably substantially horizontal to discourage any
sliding of the resilient member 18 in the direction of the first
end of the connector. The shelf 41 of the shroud 41 is preferably
tapered (see FIG. 8) to assist in the proper positioning of the
resilient member 18 on the housing 23 during manufacturing of the
connector 10.
[0070] The housing 23 can be constructed from any of a number of
different materials. In some embodiments, the housing 23 can be
constructed from a relatively rigid material, such as polycarbonate
or other polymeric material. The housing 23 and/or valve member 16
of this embodiment, or components of other embodiments, can also be
constructed of a hydrophobic material, such as Bayer Makrolon, or
any other suitable material.
[0071] Referring now to FIG. 4A, the valve member 16 of the male
luer 10 is illustrated apart from the other components of the
connector 10. In some embodiments, the valve member 16 comprises a
fluid passageway 52 of varying diameter extending from the first
end 48 of the valve member 16 to the second end 56 thereof,
surrounded by additional structures. Near the first end 48, the
valve member 16 and corresponding section of the fluid passageway
52 are relatively wide to accommodate a section of
standard-diameter medical tubing inserted therein. Near the middle
of the valve member 16, a tube 40 surrounding a portion of the
fluid passageway 52 is attached to the portion near the first end
of the valve member 16. The tube is adjacent to two approximately
parallel struts 42 along at least a portion of the tube 40. The
tube 40 can have a circular cross-section or other appropriate
cross-section. The struts 42 are preferably relatively thin and
approximately planar. A first end of each strut 42 connects to the
valve member 16 at approximately the middle section of the valve
member 16, and a second end of each strut extends toward the second
end 56 of the valve member 16. The second end 56 of the valve
member 16 preferably extends further than the ends of the struts.
There is preferably an open space between the inner wall of each
strut 42 and the outer wall of the tube 40.
[0072] From near the middle of the valve member 16 to the first end
48 thereof, the fluid passageway 52 comprises a wider region with
protrusions 44 along its external surface. Protrusions 44 form two
channels 46 (only one is shown in FIG. 4A) lengthwise along
opposing sides of the body of the valve member 16. In some
embodiments, the struts 42 are spaced circumferentially from the
channels 46, as illustrated.
[0073] Near the first end of the valve member 16 and tube 40, a
circumferential channel 48 may be formed around the perimeter of
the body of the valve member 16. Raised tabs 49 can be formed along
the edge of the channel 48 toward the first end of the connector,
while the raised middle portion of the valve member 16 can form the
edge of the channel 48 toward the second end of the connector. In
some embodiments, the raised tabs 49 do not extend evenly about the
perimeter of the first end of the valve member 16, but instead have
two larger sections that are spaced diametrically from each
other.
[0074] The amount of material necessary to construct the valve
member 16 can be reduced by indentations made in the outer layers
of this portion. The tube 40 can have a passage 50 disposed
therethrough. This passage 50 preferably extends from a hole 52 at
the first end of the valve member 16 to a pair of holes 50 (only
one shown in FIG. 4A) positioned substantially adjacent to the
second end of the valve member 16. In the illustrated embodiment,
these holes 52 are generally rectangular in shape. The region of
the tube 40 near the second end of the connector can also be formed
with only one hole or more than two holes, and other shapes for one
or more of the holes can also be employed. For example, the holes
52 can be formed with a tear-drop shape (e.g., narrow on one end
and wider on an opposite end), which facilitates an injection
molding process of manufacture. Further, in some embodiments, the
valve member 16 can be constructed without a fluid path and
function as a blocking plunger for fluid flowing around the valve
member 16 rather than a means for conveying fluid between the first
and second ends of the connector 10.
[0075] The tube 40 of the valve member 16 comprises, at its second
end, a flange section 58. The flange section 58 preferably extends
further in the radial direction than the adjacent portion of the
tube 40. In some embodiments, the flange section 58 can be formed
of the same or substantially the same material as the rest of the
tube 40. The flange section 58 preferably tapers from the first end
of the valve member 16 towards the second end of the tube 40. In
some embodiments, the taper is formed at a 5-degree angle, and has
a substantially identical taper to that of the radially inwardly
facing surface of the shelf 30 of the housing 23. Other amounts of
taper, or no taper, can also be used.
[0076] The valve member 16, like the housing 23 of FIG. 3, may be
constructed from a number of different materials. Examples of such
materials include polycarbonate or other polymeric materials. The
valve member 16 can be approximately the same length or somewhat
shorter than the housing 23. For example, the length of the valve
member 16 can be approximately 1 inch. In some embodiments, the
valve member 16 can be substantially shorter than the length of the
housing 23. The valve member 16 can be formed from the same rigid
materials as the housing 23. In certain applications, for example,
semi-rigid or even more flexible materials may be desirable for use
in the valve member 16, and more particularly for the flange
section 58 toward the second end of the tube 40.
[0077] The valve member 16 can be manufactured through injection
molding. In some embodiments, at least two gates are used to
facilitate distribution of molten plastic throughout the mold.
Preferably, one gate can be located along one of the sides of the
valve member 16 between the end of the struts 42 towards the first
end of the connector and the raised tabs 49 and another can
preferably be located near the holes 52 in the valve member 16. The
locations of the gates are not fixed, however, and other locations
on the valve member 16 can be used for gates when injection molding
the valve member 16. Constructing both the housing 23 and the valve
member 16 of this or other embodiments out of the same material
lessens the chance of deteriorated performance of the connector 10
due to thermal expansion/contraction or chemical interaction
between the connector 10 and its environment.
[0078] Although the valve member 16 of the illustrated embodiment
is configured as shown in FIG. 4A, many other configurations are
possible. In some embodiments, the valve member 16 can be
relatively smooth on its external surface, and can principally
comprise the tube 40 defining the passage 50. In still other
embodiments, different numbers of struts 42 can be disposed along
the sides of the valve member 16.
[0079] As can be seen in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4B, the
raised tabs 150 near the first end of the valve member 16 can also
comprise an external engaging surface 150, such as a screw thread,
for removably attaching a medical implement (not shown), such as a
syringe, with the first end of the valve member 16.
[0080] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4C, the channel 48
additionally can be tapered along the internal surface. The taper
of the channel 48 can result in a decrease in width of the channel
with a larger size at the first end 180 of the valve member 16 and
a smaller size towards the second end 184 of the valve member. The
internal taper of the channel 48 can compliment and closely fit
with the taper of a male luer. Such an internal taper can conform
to ANSI standards and/or regulations, such as the standard for
medical syringes. In the illustrated embodiment, the tube 40 of the
valve member 16 does not have a flange section 58 that extends
radially outwardly beyond the wall of the tube 40, as in the
embodiment of FIG. 4A. Instead, the wall of the tube 40 tapers
radially inwardly in the region of the second end. The second end
27a of the luer tip 22a can have a smaller cross-sectional second
portion 170 which decreases the likelihood of fluid escaping along
the internal surface of the second end 27a of the luer tip 22a.
Near the second end 27a of the luer tip 22a, a larger
cross-sectional region 160 can transition to the smaller
cross-sectional portion 170 towards the second end of the connector
in many different ways, such as with an abrupt stair-step
transition as illustrated in FIG. 4C or with a gradual tapering
transition, or other transitions. Some sample cross-sectional
diameters of the opening at the second end 27a of the luer 22a
include those of about 2 mm or less, including about 0.5 mm, 0.75
mm, 1.0 mm, 1.25 mm, 1.5 mm, and 1.75 mm. The diameters of the
opening in the second end 27a can also be in the ranges of 0.4
mm-1.8 mm, 0.5 mm-1.5 mm, and 0.5-1.0 mm. Other diameters, either
inside or outside the listed ranges can also be used. Additionally,
the second end of the valve member 16 can be sized appropriately to
occupy the space in the opening of the second end 27a of the luer
22a.
[0081] Turning now to FIG. 5, the resilient member 18 is discussed
in greater detail. In the illustrated embodiment, the resilient
member 18 is formed from two rings 60, 62 separated by two elastic
members 64. The rings 60, 62 and/or the elastic members 64 can be
made of a deformable material configured to exert a restoring force
when stretched. Thus, if the rings 60, 62 are pulled in opposing
directions, the elastic members 64 function to restore the rings
60, 62 to their unextended configuration.
[0082] The elastic members 64 can be constructed from a number of
elastic materials. In some embodiments, the elastic members 64 are
made from a silicon rubber elastic material. In other embodiments,
the elastic members 64 can be made from a shape-memory material. In
still other embodiments, the elastic members 64 and/or the
resilient member 18 can comprise springs or other structures
capable of exerting a restoring force.
[0083] The rings 60, 62 can also be constructed from a number of
materials. In some embodiments, the rings 60, 62 are constructed
from the same deformable elastic material that comprises the
elastic members 64. Thus, the rings 60, 62 can be stretched into a
diameter to extend around the appropriate portion of the housing 23
to which each respective ring 60, 62 is attached. The resilience of
the rings 60, 62 can function to effectively hold each ring 60, 62
in place on the housing 23. In other embodiments, the rings 60, 62
can be constructed from rigid or semi-rigid materials, and can, for
example, comprise half-circles that can be snapped into and out of
position. In some embodiments, the resilient member 18 can be
integrated into the valve member 16 or housing 23.
[0084] Turning now to FIG. 6, the sealing portion 20 is described
in greater detail. In some embodiments, the sealing portion 20 is
substantially cylindrical and has a bore 66 extending therethrough.
In some embodiments, the sealing portion 20 further comprises a
pair of generally rectangular protrusions 68 extending from the
sidewalls of the cylindrical portion at diametrically opposed
positions. The protrusions 68 can have different shapes and/or
positions. The sealing portion 20 can also have a generally
smaller-diameter middle portion 67 surrounded by two rings 69 at
either end with larger diameters.
[0085] The sealing portion 20 can be constructed from a number of
different materials. In some embodiments, the sealing portion 20 is
made from a silicon-based deformable material 70. Silicon-based
deformable materials are among those that form fluid-tight closures
with plastics and other rigid polymeric materials. The sealing
portion 20 can be made from the same material as the resilient
member 18.
[0086] In FIG. 7, certain components of the male luer 10 of an
embodiment are shown. As illustrated, the housing 23 is omitted.
The valve member 16, the resilient member 18, and the sealing
portion 20 are shown in their respective assembled locations.
[0087] Certain interconnections between the various portions of the
male luer 10 will now be discussed in further detail. As shown, the
smaller ring 62 of the resilient member 18 fits within the
circumferential channel 54 of the valve member 16. In some
embodiments, the smaller ring 62 can be stretched until it has a
larger inner diameter than the raised tabs 49 at the first end of
the valve member 16. Once the small ring 62 has been advanced into
position about the circular channel 54, it can be released, so that
it wraps tightly about the circular channel 54, as shown.
[0088] The larger ring 60 of the resilient member 18 extends around
the middle portion 32 of the housing 23 (as shown in FIG. 2), and
can be stretched and positioned in a manner similar to that
described above with respect to the small ring 62. The elastic
members 64 of the resilient member 18 can then extend between the
small ring 62 and the larger ring 60 of the resilient member 18 and
preferably extend along and within the channels 46 in the valve
member 16. Once located within these channels, the elastic members
64 are, in effect, trapped by the protrusions 44 along the channel
outer walls. As seen in FIG. 2, the elastic members 64 can also
extend along the gaps 38 in the upper housing 34 of the housing 23.
The gaps 38 are generally located above the channels 46 in the
illustrated embodiment. The resilient member 18 thereby provides an
elastic connection between the housing 23 and valve member 16,
pulling the valve member 16 into engagement with the housing
23.
[0089] The sealing portion 20, which is partially hidden by the
resilient member 18 in FIG. 7, preferably fits snugly around the
tube 40 and lies in between the struts 42 of the valve member
16.
[0090] FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-section of the male luer of the
present embodiment adjacent an exemplary female connector 92. In
this cross-sectional view, the interconnections and interactions
between the housing 23, valve member 16 and sealing portion 20 can
be seen in greater detail. The valve member 16 is configured to be
positioned within the housing 23. As illustrated, the tube 40 of
the valve member 16 can be inserted into and through the lumen 28.
Meanwhile, the struts 42 are configured to pass through
corresponding slots that extend lengthwise through the middle
portion 32 of the housing 23. In an assembled configuration, the
struts 42 are adjacent to the tip 22 along two sides, and the tube
40 is at least partially contained within the tip 22. The
protrusions 44 are captured within the gaps 38 formed in the upper
housing 34 of the housing 23.
[0091] A closing mechanism 56 is adapted to close the fluid passage
extending through the closable male luer 10 from fluid
communication with the external environment, preferably whenever
the male luer 10 is not engaged with the female connector 92. In
the illustrated embodiment, the fluid passageway 52 comprises the
lumen 28 as well as the passage 54 of the valve member 16. The
closing mechanism 56 of the illustrated embodiment comprises both
the flange section 58 of the tube 40 and the internal taper of the
raised portion 29 of the lumen 28. As these two surfaces contact,
they can form a closure at or near the second end 20 of the male
luer 10.
[0092] The substantially matched internal tapering surfaces of the
raised portion 58 of the tube 40 and the raised portion 29 of the
lumen 28 assist in providing closure of the female connector 92.
Preferably a relatively fluid-tight closure is formed. The
engagement between the raised portions 29 and 58 can also be
created in a number of other ways. In some embodiments, the
material of the flange section 58 and the material of the raised
portion 29 of the lumen 28 are configured to fit closely together,
and are made of sufficiently compatible materials, to form a
fluid-tight closure. In other embodiments, the flange section 58,
and/or additional portions of the valve member 16, can be
constructed from a deformable material that more closely follows
the contours of the internal surface of the lumen 28, and the lumen
28 need not have a taper. The sealing portion 20 is configured, in
some embodiments, to prevent fluid from escaping from within the
male luer connector 10. When the valve member 16 engages the
housing 23, the sealing portion 20 sits between the middle portion
32 of the housing 23 and the tube 40. When fluid flows within the
lumen 28 of the housing 23 and along the outer surface of the tube
40, the fluid is prevented from flowing past the middle portion 32
by the sealing portion 20, and more particularly by the rings 69 at
either end of the sealing portion 20.
[0093] The sealing portion 20 is preferably held in position
between the housing 23 and valve member 16 by the protrusions 68
(see FIG. 6) configured to fit within the holes 36 in the middle
portion 32 of the housing 23. The protrusions 68 help to maintain
the sealing portion 20 in proper alignment.
[0094] With reference to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8, the
structure of an exemplary female connector 92 will now be discussed
in further detail. The female connector 92 can comprise an elongate
body 72 having a fluid passageway 74 therethrough, and the female
connector 92 can have a tip 76 near its distal end. In some
embodiments, the tip 76 of the female connector 92 has a radially
extending surface 78 disposed on its external surface. The female
connector 92 can have a fluid conduit positioned within the female
connector 92. The fluid conduit is not included or required in all
female connectors compatible with the connectors 10 disclosed
herein. Along a proximal inner surface 80 of the female connector
92, the fluid passageway 74 is preferably tapered such that the
diameter of the fluid passageway 74 decreases in the distal
direction.
[0095] As shown in FIG. 8, the housing 23, the valve member 16, the
resilient member 18, and the sealing portion 20 are in an assembled
configuration, in which the closing mechanism 56 forms a closing
engagement between the flange section 58 and the interior of the
lumen 28. In addition, the sealing portion 20 is in closing
engagement between the valve member 16 and the housing 23. Fluid
from the passage 50 can flow through the windows 54 of the tube 40
of the valve member 16. In this position, the windows 54
communicate with the interior of the tip 22, but not yet with the
external environment. The lumen 28 is closed at its second end by
the closing mechanism 56 and at its first end by the sealing
portion 20.
[0096] As shown in FIG. 8, the struts 42 of the valve member 16
extend through slots in the housing 23 such that their ends extend
to positions near the end of the shroud 24 toward the second end of
the connector. These struts 42 are configured to engage the
proximal ends 84 of the female connector 92 as the female connector
92 advances into engagement with the closable male luer 10.
[0097] In FIG. 8, the male and female luers are shown in an
unengaged configuration. To engage the male luer 10 and female
connector 92, the radially extending surface 78 of the female
connector 92 are screwed into the inner threads 26 of the male luer
10.
[0098] As shown in FIG. 9, the two luers can be threadedly engaged
towards one another until the taper of the inner surface 80 of the
female connector 92 lies adjacent the correspondingly tapered
external surface of the tip 22. In other embodiments, the two luers
can be threadedly engaged until the second end of the tip 22 forms
a closure with a corresponding surface (not shown) of the female
connector 92.
[0099] As the male luer connector 10 and female connector 92 move
towards each other into threaded engagement, the proximal end 84 of
the tip of the female connector 92 contacts the struts 42 of the
valve member 16. As the male luer connector 10 and female connector
92 move further into threaded engagement, the struts 42, and
thereby the valve member 16, are moved in the direction of the
first end of the male connector by the female connector 92,
displacing the valve member 16 relative to the housing 23. Thus,
the flange section 58 moves from the second end of the tip 22 of
the housing 23 towards the first end of the male connector. As
these two tapered surfaces separate, a space forms between the
valve member 16 and the housing 23 and fluid is allowed to pass
through the hole 30 into the fluid passageway 74 of the female
connector 92, or vice versa. When used with some embodiments of the
female connector 92, an internal fluid conduit contacts the second
end of the valve member 16 before the housing of the female
connector 92 contacts the struts 42 to open the male connector 10.
In some embodiments, the closure remains intact until the inner
surface 80 of the tip of the female connector 92 has formed a
closing engagement with the outer surface of the tip 22 of the male
luer 10. Thus, the passage 50 of the male luer 10 need not be in
fluid communication with the external environment.
[0100] As the valve member 16 moves relative to the housing 23, the
elastic members 64 (not shown in FIG. 9) of the resilient member 18
distend and exert a restoring force. As long as the female
connector 92 engages the male luer 10, this restoring force can be
resisted by the radially extending surface 78 of the female
connector 92 contacting the inner threads 26 of the housing 23.
However, when the female connector 92 is withdrawn from the male
luer 10, the resilient member 18 returns the valve element of the
valve member 16 to closing engagement with the lumen 28.
[0101] Despite the relative movement between the housing 23 and the
valve member 16, the sealing portion 20 preferably maintains a
fluid barrier between the outer surface of the tube 40 and the
inner surface of the lumen 28. In some embodiments, the position of
the sealing portion 20 is maintained by the protrusions 68. In
other embodiments, the sealing portion 20 can be positioned by
gluing the outer surface of the deformable material 70 to the inner
surface of the lumen 28 of the housing 23. Other means of fixing
the sealing portion 20 can also be used.
[0102] As shown in FIG. 9, in the opened configuration, the fluid
passageway 74 of the female connector 92 can fluidly communicate
with the passage 50 of the valve member 16. Fluid can thereby flow
from tubing 13 attached to the male luer 10, into the passage 50 of
the valve member 16, through the windows 54 into the lumen 28, out
from the lumen 28 through the hole 30 at the second end of the tip
22 into the fluid passageway 74 of the female connector 92, and
vice versa. Fluid is prevented from escaping the male luer 10
through the gap between the housing 23 and valve member 16 by the
sealing portion 20. A fluid-tight closure can also be formed
between corresponding tapers of the tip 22 of the housing 23 and
the inner surface 80 of the female connector 92.
[0103] Turning to FIG. 10, the connector 10 is displayed adjacent
to a closeable female luer connector 210. In the sample embodiment
illustrated here, the closeable female luer connector 210 comprises
an outer housing 213, a void space 212, a fluid passageway 218, a
fluid conduit 216 with one or more holes 215, a compressible seal
element 214 with a proximal surface 217, and a threaded engagement
region 211. The closeable female connector 210 is positioned with
its proximal end adjacent the second end 56 of the male connector
10. The threaded engagement region 211 of the closeable female
connector 210 can conform to standard sizing for luer connectors,
such as those that meet ANSI standards. The compressible seal
element 214 can be composed of water-impermeable, resilient
material which can reduce in size when a force is exerted upon it.
The fluid conduit 216 can be composed of a rigid material, such as
polycarbonate plastic, which is capable of resisting deformation
when a force sufficient to compress the seal element 214 is exerted
upon the closeable female connector 210. The fluid passageway 218
can place the fluid conduit 216 in fluid communication with the
second end 219 of the closeable female connector 210. At least one
hole 215 in the fluid conduit 216 can be sealed by the compressible
seal element 214 to prevent the fluid passageway 218 from being in
fluid communication with the void space 212 between the
compressible seal element 214 and the inner wall of the housing 213
and/or with the exterior of the housing 213. The hole or holes 215
can be sized appropriately small enough to permit fluid to pass
between the fluid passageway 218 and the void space 212 at an
appropriate flow rate. One such size for the hole or holes 215 is
approximately one millimeter in diameter, although irregular shapes
and other sizes can be used. Holes of at least about 1 mm or
approximately 1 mm-1 mm, or less than about 1 mm can also be used.
The connector 10 can be engaged with a tubing 13 containing a
fluid.
[0104] With reference to FIG. 11, the connector 10 can be
threadedly engaged with the closeable female connector 210. The
threaded region 211 of the closeable female connector 210 can
engage with the inner threads 26 of the male connector 10 to engage
the connectors 10, 210, as illustrated. In the illustrated
engagement, the luer tip 22 advances into the closeable female
connector 210 by compressing the compressible seal element 214. As
can be seen, the luer tip 22 contacts the compressible seal element
214 on the proximal surface 217 of the compressible seal element
214. The force exerted to engage the connectors 10, 210 and engage
the threaded regions 26, 211 is sufficient to compress the seal
element 214 to expose the holes 215 in the fluid conduit 216. With
the seal element 214 compressed, the fluid passageway 218 is in
fluid communication with the interior space of the luer tip 22.
[0105] As the luer tip 22 advances further into the closeable
female connector 210, the fluid conduit 216 contacts the end of the
valve member 16 towards the second end of the male connector. The
valve member 16 is displaced towards the first end of the male
connector by the contact and continued advancement of the luer tip
22. The resilient member 18 exerts a closing force in a direction
towards the second end of the male connector on the valve member
16. As a result, the tip of the valve member 16 towards the second
end of the male connector generally maintains contact with the
fluid conduit 216 throughout the engagement. As the valve member is
moved in a direction towards the first end of the male connector,
the flange section 58 of the valve member 16 separates from the
interior surface of the housing 23 through which the hole 30
passes. As a result, the windows 54 are opened to fluid
communication with the closeable female connector 210. The
compressed seal element 214 inhibits fluid flow into the interior
of the closeable female connector 210 beyond the luer tip 22. In
this configuration, fluid can flow from the tubing 13 at the end of
the valve member 16 toward the second end of the male connector and
into the tube 40 through the windows 54 into the interior of the
lumen 28, out the hole 30 in the luer tip 22, into the interior of
the outer housing 213 of the closeable female connector 210, in the
holes 215 of the fluid conduit 216 and into the fluid channel 217
in the interior of the fluid conduit 216. Thus, the second end of
the connector 210 is placed in fluid communication with the
proximal end 219 of the closeable female connector 210.
Additionally, the sealing portion 20 preferably maintains a fluid
barrier between the outer surface of the tube 40 and the inner
surface of the lumen 28, confining the flow of fluid towards the
closeable female connector 210. When the surface of the valve
member towards the second end of the connector is directly
contacted by a female connector member such as the fluid conduit
216, the struts 42 may not be engaged by the female connector.
[0106] The connectors 10, 210 can be threadedly disengaged. During
engagement, the force exerted by the resilient member 18 can return
the connector 10 to its pre-engaged state by directing the valve
member 16 to engage the flange section 58 of the end of the valve
member 16 toward the second end of the male connector with the
internal surface of the luer tip 22. Likewise, the resilient
material of which the compressible seal is composed can return to
its shape in the closed position and the proximal surface 217 can
seal the proximal tip of the closeable female connector 210.
[0107] Referring now to FIG. 12, the connector 10 can be engaged
with a syringe 250. In FIG. 12, the syringe 250 and connector 10
are displayed adjacent to each other. The syringe can comprise a
male luer connector 252, a plunger 258, a reservoir 260, and
convenient finger anchors 262. The luer connector 252 can further
comprise an internally threaded shroud 254 and a syringe luer tip
256. In the illustrated embodiment of the connector 10, a threaded
surface 150 is disposed on the outside surface of the first end of
the valve member 16.
[0108] With reference now to FIG. 13, the connector 10 can be
threadedly engaged with the syringe 250. The shroud 254 can engage
with the end 16 of the valve member toward the first end of the
connector to connect the connector 10 to the syringe 250. The
reservoir 260 of the syringe 250 can be placed in fluid
communication with the tube 40 interior to the valve member 16.
[0109] Turning to FIG. 14, the engagement illustrated in FIG. 13 is
shown in a cross-sectional view. The syringe 250 is threadedly
engaged with the connector 10 by the engagement between the shroud
254 and the threaded surface 150 of the valve member 16. The luer
tip 252 of the syringe 250 is extended into the tube 40 of the
valve member 16. The reservoir 260 of the syringe, shown here with
a fluid in the reservoir 260, is in fluid communication with the
interior of the valve member 16. The fluid can pass through the
tube 40 and towards the luer tip 22 of the connector 10. In the
illustrated embodiment, the fluid cannot exit the connector 10 out
its male luer tip 22 because the flange section 58 is in contact
with the interior surface of the lumen 28. Accordingly, the hole 30
in the tip of the housing 23 towards the second end of the
connector is blocked by the valve member 16. In order for the
syringe 250 and connector 10 to transition from the stage shown in
FIG. 12 to the stage shown in FIG. 14, the valve member 16 may need
to be temporarily opened to release air (as described in more
detail below).
[0110] Referring to FIG. 15, the connector 10 is shown adjacent to
and between a syringe 250 and a hypodermic needle with sheath 270.
The syringe 250, like that of FIG. 12, can comprise a male luer
connector 252, a plunger 258, a reservoir 260, and convenient
finger anchors 262. The luer connector 252 can further comprise an
internally threaded shroud 254 and a syringe luer tip 256. The
needle with sheath 270 can comprise a housing 266 with raised tabs
264 on the engagement end and a needle 268.
[0111] With reference to FIG. 16, the connector 10 is shown
threadedly engaged with both the syringe 250 and needle with sheath
270. The threaded surface 150 of the valve member 16 of the
connector 10 can engage with the threaded shroud 154 of the syringe
250. Accordingly, the luer tip 256 can protrude into the tube 40 of
the valve member 16. Similarly, the raised tabs 264 can engage with
the inner threads 26 of the shroud 24 of the connector 10. The luer
tip 22 of the connector 10 can protrude into the housing 266 of the
needle sheath.
[0112] In FIG. 17, the engagement shown in FIG. 16 is illustrated
in a cross-sectional view. The connector 10 is engaged by a syringe
250 and a needle with a sheath 270. The syringe 250 is threadedly
engaged with the threaded surface 150 of the valve member 16 of the
connector 10. The needle with sheath 270 is threadedly engaged with
the inner threads 26 of the shroud 24.
[0113] The luer tip 256 of the syringe 250 protrudes into the tube
40 of the valve member 16. The reservoir 260 of the syringe 250 is
in fluid communication with the tube 40 of the valve member 16
through the luer tip 256.
[0114] The connector 10 is engaged with the needle with a sheath
270. The housing 266 of the needle with sheath 270 has raised tabs
264 near its proximal end. The raised tabs 264 threadedly engage
the inner threads 26 of the shroud 24 of the connector 10. As the
luer tip 22 advances into the housing 266 of the needle 268, the
proximal end of the housing 266 can contact the struts 42 of the
valve member 16. When the needle with sheath 270 is fully engaged
with the connector 10, the valve member 16 has been displaced a
distance which separates the flange section 58 from the tapered
interior wall of the lumen 28 sufficiently to permit fluid to flow
out the windows 54 of the valve portion 16. The fluid can then flow
out the hole 30 in the end of the luer tip 22 and into the housing
266 of the needle with sheath 270. The hollow needle 268 permits
the fluid to flow from within the housing 266 out the distal tip of
the needle 268. The sealing portion 20 preferably maintains a fluid
barrier between the outer surface of the tube 40 and the inner
surface of the lumen 28, confining the fluid in the lumen and the
direction of flow toward the hole 30 in the luer tip 22. Thus, at
this stage, the syringe 250 is in fluid communication with the
distal tip of the needle 268. As was previously illustrated in
FIGS. 13 and 14, in some embodiments, the connector 10 will
generally not permit fluid to flow out of the syringe 250 without a
component engaged with the second end 14 of the connector 10. The
component illustrated in FIGS. 15-17 is a needle with a sheath 270;
however, other components, such as those which permit fluid flow
and possess a female luer engagement portion, can also be used.
[0115] FIG. 18A displays a perspective view of another embodiment
of a closeable male luer. The rotatable connector 300 is comprised
of a housing 310, an internal passageway 322 and a seal element
330. The housing is further comprised of a luer tip 312, a luer
receiver 316 at the first end of the connector 300, an engagement
portion 318, a manipulation portion 320, and a raised portion 340.
The seal element 330 can have an opening 350 along its face 314 in
a transverse direction. The internal passageway 322 can extend from
the luer receiver 316 to the luer tip 312. The housing 310 can be
composed of a water-impermeable material, such as a polycarbonate
plastic. The housing 310 can also be composed of a hydrophobic
plastic. Other examples of materials suitable for construction of
the housing 310 are glassed-filled GE Valox 420 or polypropylene.
Depending on the application, many other materials can also be
used.
[0116] The housing 310 illustrated is configured to receive a male
luer tip at the luer receiver 316 by threadedly engaging the male
luer at its engagement portion 318. The receiver 316 can conform to
ANSI standards for a luer receiver. The illustrated manipulation
portion 320 has two tabs extending radially from the central axis
of the housing 310. The manipulation portion 320 is configured to
aid the user in grasping and rotating the connector 300.
[0117] The housing 310 illustrated is also constructed to provide a
closeable male luer at its second end. The luer tip 312 at the
second end can be constructed to ANSI standards for a male luer
tip. The luer tip joins the main body of the housing 310 at the
raised portion 340. The raised portion 340 is constructed to
inhibit the luer tip 312 from advancing too far into a luer
receiver. The housing 310 can also have a recessed portion 342
behind the raised portion 340. The luer tip 312 can also have a
seal element 330 which has a face 314 towards the second end of the
connector. The seal element 330 can be any water-impermeable,
resilient material, including without limitation, silicone. The
selection of the material for construction of the seal can be
accomplished by one skilled in the art. The luer tip 312 can taper
smaller in a direction from the raised portion 340 as it approaches
its second end.
[0118] The seal element 330 can also have an opening 350 in the
face 314 toward the second end of the connector prior to engagement
with any other component. The opening 350 can be a slit in a
transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the housing 310.
The opening 350 can be centered across the face 314, or located in
another position on the face 314. The seal element 330 can cover
the entire second end of the luer tip 312, or only a portion
thereof. The seal element 330 can be attached to the housing by an
overmolding process, among other attachment methods. In such an
overmolding process, the housing 310 can be formed by injection
molding in a first step, and then in a second step, the housing 310
can be re-inserted into a mold (or remain in a mold) and an
appropriately sized molding pin (not shown) can be inserted through
a wider end of the housing 310, such as the second end. Silicone
material can then be injected into the mold to form the seal
element 330. In other embodiments, the seal element 330 can be
glued or otherwise adhered into the housing 310.
[0119] As can be seen from the illustrated embodiment in FIG. 18A,
the seal element 330 can inhibit fluid from flowing through the
housing 310 when the luer tip 312 is not engaged with another
component. Thus, when a fluid-containing component (not shown) with
a male luer connector is connected to the luer receiver 316, the
connector 300 can be used to control flow of fluid through its luer
tip 312. For example, when a fluid-containing component such as a
syringe is engaged with the connector 300, fluid is permitted to
fill the housing 310 of the connector 300 by flowing through the
internal passageway 322, but the seal element 330 can substantially
inhibit flow of fluid out the luer tip 312. If the interior space
of the housing is filled with air or another gas before the fluid
enters, the connector 300 may need to be opened to allow the air or
other gas to escape before the fluid can enter. In some
embodiments, as described in detail below, the internal surface of
the seal element 330 can be adapted to increase the resistance
against the widening of the opening 350, which could allow fluid to
escape when the fluid (not shown) exerts a pressure against the
seal element 330 from the internal passageway 322. Thus, the
connector 300 inhibits flow of fluid from a fluid-bearing component
when the connector 300 is attached to the male luer of the
fluid-bearing component without another component connected to the
luer tip 312 of the connector 300.
[0120] In some modes of use, the opening 350 on the face 314 of the
seal element 330, normally closed in the position shown, can be
opened when the luer tip 312 comes in contact with a suitable
female connector, such as a Clave.RTM. connector sold by ICU
Medical, San Clemente, Calif. An illustrated engagement of this
configuration is discussed in detail below. The engagement can be
achieved in many other ways, and with many other structures,
including connectors other than the Clave connector.
[0121] FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional view of the connector 300
illustrated in FIG. 18A. The connector 300 can have an internal
passageway 322 which connects the luer receiver 316 to the luer tip
312. The engagement portion 318 can be configured to receive an
internally threaded shroud of a male luer connector (see FIG. 19).
The manipulating portion 320 can extend radially away from the
internal passageway 322, as shown. The seal element 330 can extend
along at least part of the internal passageway 322, and can be
disposed across at least part of the second end of the connector
300. The seal element 330 can extend beyond the end of the luer tip
312. The seal element 330 can have a cross-sectional area
approximately equal to the housing 310 at the end of the luer tip
312. In those embodiments where the luer tip 312 and seal element
330 are generally circular, the outside diameter of the seal
element 330 can be equal to the outside diameter of the luer tip
312. The seal element 330 is not confined to a circular shape (nor
are any other structures disclosed herein), and other shapes can be
used. In other embodiments, the seal element 330 does not extend
beyond the end of the housing 310 towards the second end of the
connector 300, but can have a maximum outer dimension equal to that
of the inner dimension of the luer tip 312. The seal element 330
can have a closing portion 324. The closing portion 324 can permit
fluid flow through the seal element 330 of the connector 300, but
is biased to generally close the opening 350 in the seal element
330. The structure of the closing portion 324 can be adapted to
resist permitting fluid (not shown) from exiting the opening 350
when the luer tip 312 is not engaged with another component, as
described in further detail below.
[0122] As can be seen in FIG. 18C, which is a detail of the
cross-sectional view presented in FIG. 18B, the seal element 330
can comprise the entire face of the second end of the connector
300. In other embodiments, the seal element 330 may not extend
beyond the housing 300. The internal passageway 322 can extend to
the seal at the second end of the connector 300.
[0123] FIG. 19 illustrates a perspective view of the connector 300
adjacent a syringe 360. As in previous descriptions, the syringe
can comprise a male luer connector 362, a fluid reservoir 370, a
plunger 374, and finger anchors 372. The luer receiver 316 of the
connector 300, which can be of appropriate size and shape to engage
with standard luer connectors, is positioned to receive the luer
tip 364 of the syringe 360. The internal threads 368 of the shroud
364 of the syringe 360 are properly aligned to threadedly connect
with the engagement portion 318. In this way, the receiver 316 can
engage the luer connector 362 and connect the connector 300 to the
syringe 360. Before engagement of the syringe 360 with the
connector 300, the fluid within the reservoir 370 is not inhibited
from exiting the luer tip 364 by any physical component.
[0124] Referring now to FIG. 20, a perspective view of the
connector 300 threadedly connected to a syringe 360 is shown. The
connector 300 can be connected to the syringe 360, or other medical
implement, by many other means, such as glue, adhesive, solvent,
ultrasonic welding, epoxy, interference fits, mechanical
connections, and/or unitary constructions. The receiver 316 (not
shown) contains at least part of the luer tip 364 of the syringe
360. The luer tip 364 extends at least partially into the internal
passageway 322. The threaded engagement portion 318 is engaged with
the internal threads 368 of the shroud 364 of the syringe 360.
Fluid from the reservoir 370 can then flow freely within the
housing 310 of the connector 300, by way of the internal passageway
322. If the interior space of the housing is filled with air or
another gas before the fluid enters, the connector 300 can be
opened to allow the air or other gas to escape before the fluid can
enter. In some cases, the housing 310 of the connector 300 may be
filled with a gas, such as air. Before the fluid enters the housing
310, the connector may need to be opened to allow the gas to escape
before the fluid can flow. The seal element 330 inhibits fluid from
leaving the connector 300. The luer tip 312 of the connector 300
can be used to connect the connector-syringe 300, 360 combination
to other components for controlled fluid transfer. The connector
300 can also be formed integrally with the syringe 360 (not shown),
such that the housing 310 of the connector is formed by the
fluid-delivery end of the syringe. During use of this combination
connector-syringe, the male luer tip 312 of the connector 300 can,
in effect, replace the luer tip 364 of the syringe for connection
purposes.
[0125] Certain medications, such as chemotherapy medications, are
contact toxins, and avoiding exposure to the skin is desirable.
Such medications are often stored in a syringe with a hypodermic
needle, such as depicted in FIGS. 15 and 16. Under certain
conditions, without the use of a closeable male luer connector, it
can be possible for the toxic fluid to flow out of the syringe.
Even if steps are taken to avoid accidental fluid flow, such as
orienting the syringe with attached needle such that gravity aids
the retention of the medication within the syringe, the medication
can also vaporize and seep out of the hypodermic needle in a
gaseous state. The use of a closeable male luer between the syringe
and hypodermic needle inhibits the uncontrolled flow of medication,
in both liquid and gaseous states. Accordingly, risk of accidental
exposure to such toxic medications is minimized.
[0126] Referring now to FIG. 21, the closeable male luer connector
300 is illustrated in another embodiment, wherein an internally
threaded shroud 380 is disposed on the housing 310. The shroud 380
at least partially or entirely encircles the housing 310 at
approximately the recessed portion 342 (visible in FIG. 18A). In
some embodiments, the shroud 380 is not attached to the connector
300, and instead can rotate freely about the longitudinal axis of
the connector 300. The raised portion 340 (visible in FIG. 18A) can
inhibit the movement of the shroud 380 towards the luer tip 312 of
the connector 300. Additionally, the manipulation portion 320 of
the connector 300 can inhibit the movement of the shroud 380
towards the luer receiver 316. The shroud 380 can be threaded
consistent with ANSI specifications for luer connectors. The shroud
380 can assist the luer tip 312 in forming a connection between the
connector 300 and other components (not shown).
[0127] With reference now to FIG. 22A, the cross-section of a
closeable male luer connector 400 with a continuously tapering
internal passageway 402 is illustrated. The housing's 404 tapering
internal passageway 402 permits for varied injection molding
techniques of manufacture. For example, if the taper is wider at an
end with a luer receiver 406, a molding pin can be tapered in a
corresponding manner to closely fit against the wall of the
internal passageway 402, producing a seal 408 that is shorter than
the seal illustrated in FIG. 18B.
[0128] With reference to FIG. 22B, the seal 408 in the illustrated
embodiment has a closing portion 412 similar to that of the closing
portion 324 in FIG. 18B. In addition, the internal surface of the
seal 408 can be adapted to increase resistance against permitting
fluid from exiting the opening 410 when a fluid (not shown) in the
internal passageway 402 exerts a pressure against the seal 408. The
internal surface of the closing portion 412 can include slanted
surfaces against which such fluid presses to urge the opening 410
more tightly closed.
[0129] Turning to FIG. 23A, a side view of another embodiment of
the connector 400 of FIG. 22A is displayed. An internally threaded
shroud 420 is disposed about the outer surface of the housing
404.
[0130] As can be seen in FIG. 23B, the housing 404 can have a
raised portion 424 which inhibits axial movement of the shroud 420
toward the luer tip 416. The housing 404 can also have a
manipulation portion 418 which extends radially outwardly from the
longitudinal axis of the connector 400. The housing 404 also has an
internal passageway 428 extending from the luer receiver 414 to the
seal element 430. The manipulation portion 418 can inhibit movement
of the shroud towards the luer receiver 414 of the connector 400.
The manipulation portion can also be a convenient place for the
user to place his or her fingers while turning the connector 400.
Additionally, there can be a recessed portion 426 of the connector
400. The recessed portion 426 can be a portion of the connector 400
with a smaller outer diameter than the outer diameter of the raised
portion 424 or the manipulation portion 418. The shroud 420 can be
disposed on the connector 400 such that a narrow portion of the
shroud 420 encircles the connector 400 about the recessed portion
426. The shroud 420 can be unaffixed to the housing 404 and thus
free to rotate. The internal threads 422 of the shroud can conform
to ANSI standards for luer connectors, allowing the shroud to
assist the luer tip 416 in engaging the female connector of another
component (not shown).
[0131] FIG. 23C depicts the closeable male luer connector 400 of
FIG. 23B in the proximity to a suitable female connector 450, such
as a Clave.RTM. connector sold by ICU Medical, San Clemente, Calif.
The female connector 450 is similar to that illustrated in FIG.
10.
[0132] FIG. 23D illustrates an engagement between the male luer
connector 400 and female connector 450. The internal threads of the
shroud 420 can engage with a threaded region 451 of the female
connector 450. The luer tip 416 of the male luer connector 400 can
advance into the female connector 450 by compressing a compressible
seal 454. As the male connector 400 advances, a stationary fluid
conduit 456 of the female connector 450 can penetrate the opening
448 in the seal element 430 of male connector 400. The fluid
conduit 456 can advance far enough into the male connector 400 that
the holes 455 advance into the internal passageway 428 of the male
connector 400. Once the holes 455 of the female connector 450 are
disposed within the internal passageway 428 of the male connector,
fluid can flow from the luer receiver 414 of the male connector 400
through the internal passageway 428 of the male connector 400 to
the holes 455 of the fluid conduit 456 of the female connector 450.
The fluid can then flow through the holes 455 and into a fluid
conduit 458 of the female connector 450. Thus, fluid can flow from
the first end of the male connector 400 to the distal end of the
female connector 450 when the two are engaged. When the connectors
400, 450 are disengaged, the fluid conduit 456 withdraws from the
internal passageway 428 and the seal element 430 closes, thereby
inhibiting fluid flow through the male connector 400. Additionally,
the compressible seal 411 of the female connector 450 returns to
its original position, and inhibits flow through the holes 455 in
the fluid conduit 456.
[0133] With reference now to FIG. 24A, a closeable male luer
connector 500 is displayed in a perspective view. The connector 500
has a housing 510 and a seal 514. The housing is comprised of a
manipulation portion 512. In this exemplary illustration, the
manipulation portion 512 includes wings 516. The wings 516 are
adapted to provide a place for the user to grasp and rotate the
housing 510 of the connector 500.
[0134] Referring now to FIG. 24B, the connector 500 of FIG. 23A is
shown in cross-section. The wings 516 are shown as extending
outward from the longitudinal axis of the connector 500 and towards
the luer receiver 518 of the connector. The internal passageway 520
of the housing 510 has a continual taper, as described in the
embodiment of the connector 400 in FIG. 22A.
[0135] Turning to FIG. 25A, a side view of a closeable male luer
connector 600 is illustrated. The connector 600 has a housing 610,
a seal element 614, and a shroud 620. The housing comprises an
internal passageway 640, a luer tip 612, and a manipulation portion
616. The manipulation portion can be constructed to comprise two
wings 630, as described in FIG. 24A. The shroud can have internal
threading 622, and such threading can be constructed to comply with
ANSI specifications for luer connectors. The seal element 614 can
be biased closed when not engaged.
[0136] With reference now to FIG. 25B, a cross-sectional view of
the connector 600 from FIG. 25A is displayed. The shroud 620 can
encircle the housing 610 at a recessed portion 652 of the housing
610. A raised portion 650 can inhibit motion of the shroud 620 in
the direction of the second end of the connector 600 while the
manipulation portion 616 can inhibit motion of the shroud in the
direction of the first end of the connector 600. The internal
threading 622 of the shroud 620 can be used to engage other
components (not shown) when used in conjunction with the luer tip
612. The continuously tapering internal passageway 640 has
characteristics that assist in injection molding as discussed with
regard to FIG. 22A.
[0137] Referring to FIG. 26A, a perspective view of a closeable
male luer assembly 725 comprising a closeable male luer 700 and a
flexibly connected female luer connector 750 is displayed. The
closeable male luer 700 can embody any number of the aspects and
features described in this application. The female luer connector
750 is adapted to receive a standard male luer connector (not
shown). The female luer connector 750 is located adjacent the male
luer connector 700 and flexibly connected to it. The female luer
connector 750 comprises an internal passageway 752, a luer receiver
754, and an engagement portion 756. The internal passageway 752
places the luer receiver 754 in fluid communication with an
internal passageway of the closeable male luer connector 700. The
closeable male luer connector 700 can be attached to the female
luer connector 750 through a flexible segment 760. In some
embodiments, such a segment 760 can include an accordion-like
flexible portion of resilient material. In other embodiments, a
straight, flexible material can be used. In other embodiments, both
a flexible outer segment and a flexible tube can be used to connect
the closeable male luer 700 with the female luer 750.
[0138] With continued reference to FIG. 26A, the flexible segment
752 permits the user to orient the female connector 750 of the
assembly 725 in a different attitude than that of the closeable
male luer connector 700. As an example, the closeable male luer 700
can remain stationary against a patient's arm while the female
connector 750 is angled away from the arm to assist in easy
connection with a syringe or other component (not shown). By
flexibly connecting the closeable male luer 700 to the female luer
connector 750, the moment generated by moving the female luer
connector 750 is accepted at a point between the two components of
the assembly 725 and is less likely to be transmitted to another
component (not shown) attached to the closeable male luer connector
700. Such a component could include an I.V. site, where angling of
the connection could result in harm to the patient. Moreover, the
moment will be less likely to bend and/or dislodge the tip of the
tube 40 from the interior of the lumen 28 (see, e.g., FIG. 28).
[0139] FIG. 26B illustrates another embodiment of a closeable male
luer assembly 800 comprising a closeable male luer connector 825
and a flexibly connected female luer connector 850. The connectors
825, 850 and their components are similar in many respects to the
embodiment depicted in FIG. 26 and can embody any number of the
aspects and features described above. The closeable male luer
connector 825 and the female luer connector 850 are flexibly
connected by a connecting member 860. The connecting member 860
places the connectors 825, 850 in fluid communication. The
connecting member 860 illustrated here comprises an
accordion-shaped plastic conduit. The connecting member 860 is
configured to permit the closeable male connector 825 and the
female luer connector 850 to be positioned at different angular
orientations. By way of example, the closeable male luer connector
825 can remain stationary while the female luer connector 850 can
be positioned at an angle to the closeable male luer connector 825.
In another example, the female luer connector 850 can remain
stationary while the closeable male luer connector can be
positioned at an angle to the female luer connector 850. In yet
another example, the closeable male luer connector 825 and the
female luer connector 850 can both be placed at an angle.
[0140] As described above, some medications, including those used
during chemotherapy, can be harmful through certain forms of
exposure to a patient. For example, exposure to the skin can
sometimes result in a chemical burn. Inhalation of aerosolized
forms of some medications can be harmful. Thus, control over the
containment of the medication is highly desirable.
[0141] At present, some potentially harmful medications are
distributed in sealed vials. The medication is removed from the
vial by inserting a needle, and drawing the medication into a
syringe. The needle is then withdrawn from the vial and the
medication can be dispensed. However, by inserting the needle into
the medication for drawing into the syringe, medication is disposed
on the outside of the needle, which can inadvertently come in
contact with the skin and cause harm. Alternatively, an injector
which penetrates the vial with a withdrawal mechanism can be used.
In such an injector, the medication is drawn through the mechanism
and passed directly to a needle for injection without the
additional step of withdrawing the mechanism from the vial. Even if
such an injector is used, there is still the possibility of latent
medication remaining on the needle used to inject the medication,
or on the mechanism after the vial is decoupled.
[0142] Additionally, some medications can be distributed by
attaching a needle to a syringe with the medication located
therein. The engaged syringe with medication and needle is
sterilized and placed into a vacuum-sealable container. The
container is then evacuated and sealed. This type of arrangement
can result in the draw of medication out through the syringe when
the container is evacuated. While in the sealed container, the
medication may aerosolize or coat the outer surface of the
components.
[0143] Additionally, when the ambient atmospheric pressure of the
treatment location is different, particularly lesser, than that of
the internal pressure of the medication within a container, there
is the possibility that an uncontrolled spray of the medication
occurs when fluid communication between the medication and the
ambient atmosphere occurs. For example, medication may escape when
a vial with a greater internal pressure than the ambient atmosphere
is penetrated by a needle for drawing the medication into a
syringe. Alternatively, medication may escape when the needle is
withdrawn from the vial before the vial seal completely closes.
[0144] With a closeable male luer, flow of the medication out of a
syringe with a needle is inhibited, except during desired
application. For example, in some embodiments, a syringe with a
closeable male luer connected will not leak medication when
packaged for shipment, even if the package is vacuum-sealed. Once
the package is opened, the male luer connector can be engaged with
a female luer connector of an IV tube, for example, and the
medication dispensed only when the connection is engaged. Following
flow of the medication from the syringe through the engaged
connectors and into the IV tube, the male luer connector can be
disengaged from the female luer connector. As described above, the
male luer connector can close on disengagement, preventing excess
flow through the connector. When a closeable female luer connector,
such as a Clave.RTM. connector sold by ICU Medical, San Clemente,
Calif., is used, flow is inhibited from exiting the female
connector as well.
[0145] Additionally, a syringe with a closeable male luer can be
engaged with a needle as described above. Flow through the needle
can thus be controlled by proper use of the closeable male luer
connector.
[0146] Medication can also be disposed within a syringe with an
integrally formed, and/or permanently attached, closeable male
luer.
[0147] Thus, direct exposure of the dangerous medications described
can be essentially limited to the highly controlled environments
where the medications are produced and contained. Such medications
can be placed in a syringe with a closeable male luer connector
prior to distribution for use, minimizing the risk of inadvertent
exposure of the medication during use of the medication.
[0148] Any features of the embodiments shown and/or described in
the figures that have not been expressly described in this text,
such as distances, proportions of components, etc. are also
intended to form part of this disclosure. Additionally, although
this invention has been disclosed in the context of various
embodiments, features, aspects, and examples, it will be understood
by those skilled in the art that the present invention extends
beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative
embodiments and/or uses of the invention and obvious modifications
and equivalents thereof. Accordingly, it should be understood that
various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can be
combined with, or substituted for, one another in order to perform
varying modes of the disclosed inventions. Thus, it is intended
that the scope of the present invention herein disclosed should not
be limited by the particular disclosed embodiments described above,
but should be determined only by a proper reading of the
claims.
* * * * *