Fine particulate silver powder and production method thereof

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a silver powder which is an unprecedentedly fine particulate silver powder, has a dispersibility more approximate to monodispersibility resulting less aggregation, and has a low impurity content. To achieve the above object, a fine particulate silver powder having unprecedented powder properties in which: a. the average particle diameter D.sub.IA of the primary particles obtained by image analysis of a scanning electron micrograph is 0.6 .mu.m or less; b. the crystallite diameter is 10 nm or less; c. the sintering starting temperature is 240.degree. C. or less; and d. the carbon content is 0.25 wt % or less is obtained by allowing a silver ammine complex aqueous solution S.sub.1 to flow in a certain flow path (hereinbelow referred to as "first flow path") providing a second flow path b which joins the first flow path a on its way and allowing an organic reducing agent and additives S.sub.2, if required, to flow into the first flow path a through the second first flow path b, and contacting and mixing them at the joining point of the first flow path a and the second flow path b to allow reduction and deposition of particles, and washing the particles with an excess amount of an alcohol.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The invention of this application relates to a fine particulate silver powder and a production method of the fine particulate silver powder. Particularly, the present invention relates to a fine particulate silver powder having a low impurity content.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] Conventionally, for the production of a silver powder, wet reduction process has been adopted in which an aqueous solution of silver ammine complex is produced with a silver nitrate solution and ammonia water, and an organic reducing agent is added to this as described in Patent Document 1. In late years, these silver powders are used for forming electrodes and circuits of chip parts, plasma display panel, etc. as main field of application. [0003] [Patent document 1]: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-107101

[0004] Therefore, as for such electrodes and circuits, drastic fine production of the electrodes and circuits are demanded, and high reliability has come to be demanded along with high density and high accuracy of electric wiring.

PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

Disclosure of the Invention

[0005] However, the powder particles of silver powder obtained by this conventional production method have an average particle diameter of primary particles D.sub.IA usually exceeding 0.6 .mu.m and an average particle diameter D.sub.50 by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method exceeding 1.0 .mu.m, and the aggregation degree expressed by D.sub.50/D.sub.IA exceeds 1.7 in actual condition. Therefore they were unsuitable for the recent fine-pitched circuit formation, and made a significant factor of decreasing product yield.

[0006] In the meantime, the following problems have arisen from a viewpoint of usage of silver powders. It has been conventionally considered that a low crystalline silver powder is desirable for achieving a high degree of sinterbility at a low temperature because non-sintering or low-temperature-sintering type in which the heat temperature is 300.degree. C. or less has been largely used in the circuit formation using a silver paste. However, fast reduction reaction systems have had to be adopted in the production condition to obtain a low crystalline silver powder, and, as a result, only silver powders which have low crystallinity but are remarkably aggregating have been able to be obtained.

[0007] Under these circumstances, silver powders which are unprecedentedly fine particulate silver powders and have a dispersibility more approximate to monodispersibility resulting less aggregation and also have excellent low-temperature sintering properties have been desired to be provided in the market.

[0008] In the meantime, it has been demanded that the silver powder has a low impurity content. That is to say, the above-mentioned wet reduction process has been adopted for the production of a silver powder and the reducing agent and the like used in the process remain on the surface of the powder particles of the silver powder. Accordingly, this is an inevitable problem as long as the conventional production process is adopted. And as the impurity content increases, the electric resistance of the conductor formed of the silver powder increases.

[0009] As a result, the market has demanded a silver powder which is fine, highly dispersible, and low in the impurity content.

[0010] Accordingly, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and made the best use of inventiveness in the production method based on a conventional production method in which an aqueous solution of silver ammine complex is obtained by mixing and reacting an aqueous silver nitrate solution and ammonia water, and an organic reducing agent is added to this to allow reduction and deposition of silver particles which are then filtered, washed and dried. As a result, fine particulate silver powders of a level unattainable can be obtained by a conventional production method, and fine particulate silver powders never present conventionally can be obtained by significantly reducing the impurity content of the fine particulate silver powders. Further, the production method according to the present invention attained a production method which enables the fine particulate silver powders to be obtained stably at a high yield. Hereinbelow, the present invention will be described as divided into the "fine particulate silver powder" and the "production method".

<Fine Particulate Silver Powder>

[0011] First, the fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention is described. The fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention is mainly characterized in that it has the following powder properties a. to c. As for these powder properties, they are enumerated as the most conspicuous properties and common in the fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention under current powder measurement techniques. Hereinbelow, each of the properties is described.

[0012] The property a. is that the average particle diameter D.sub.IA of the primary particles obtained by image analysis of a scanning electron microscope image is 0.6 .mu.m or less. Here, the "average particle diameter D.sub.IA of the primary particles obtained by image analysis of a scanning electron microscope image " is an average particle diameter obtained by image analysis of an image of the silver powder observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (wherein it is preferable to observe at a magnification of 10,000 times in the case of a fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention and at a magnification of 3000-5000 times in the case of a conventional silver powder.). The image analysis of the silver powder observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the present specification is performed by obtaining average particle diameter D.sub.IA by using IP-1000PC manufactured by Asahi Engineering Co., Ltd. and conducting around particle analysis assuming the circular threshold as 10, and the overlapping degree as 20. Because the average particle diameter D.sub.IA obtained by the image analysis of the observed image is directly obtained by the SEM observation image, the average particle diameter of the primary particles can be surely obtained. The D.sub.IA as used in the present invention is mostly falls within the range of 0.01 .mu.m to 0.6 .mu.m, as far as the present inventors observe it, but more minute particle size may be observed in reality, and therefore, no specific lower limit is described on purpose.

[0013] As for the property b., because the fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention shows a high dispersibility never shown by the conventional silver powders, "aggregation degree" as an index of showing this dispersibility is used.

[0014] The "aggregation degree" as used in this specification is the value represented by D.sub.50/D.sub.IA using the above-mentioned average particle diameter D.sub.IA of primary particles and the average particle diameter D.sub.50 by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method. Here, D.sub.50 is particle size at 50% weight accumulation obtained by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method, and the value of this average particle diameter D.sub.50 is not by directly and truly observing the diameter of the powder particles one by one but it can be said that an average particle diameter by assuming an aggregated powder particle as one particle (aggregated particle) is calculated. This is because powder particles of a real silver powder are usually considered not to be so-called monodisperse powder in which each individual particle is completely separated but in a condition in which several powder particles are aggregated. However, it is usual that the value of average particle diameter D.sub.50 becomes smaller as less aggregation of powder particles is present, and they are more approximate to monodisperse. D.sub.50 of the fine particulate silver powder to be used in the present invention is a range of about 0.25 .mu.m to 0.80 .mu.m, and a fine particulate silver powder is provided having an average particle diameter D.sub.50 of the range which has not been obtained at all by a conventional production method. The laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method as used in this specification is performed by mixing 0.1 g of fine particulate silver powder with ion-exchange water, and dispersing it with an ultrasonic homogenizer (a product of Nippon Seiki Seisaku-sho Co., Ltd., US-300T) for five minutes and measuring with a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus MicroTrac HRA 9320-X 100 type (a product of Leeds & Northrup company).

[0015] In contrast, the "average particle diameter D.sub.IA of the primary particles obtained by image analysis of a scanning electron micrograph" is an average particle diameter obtained by image analysis of an image of the silver powder observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the average particle diameter of the primary particles is surely observed without considering state of aggregation.

[0016] As a result, the present inventors have decided to take the value calculated by D.sub.50/D.sub.IA calculated from the average particle diameter D.sub.50 by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method and the average particle diameter D.sub.IA obtained by image analysis as the aggregation degree. That is to say, assuming that the D.sub.50 and D.sub.IA values can be measured with same precision in a fine particulate silver powder of the same lot, the value of D.sub.50 allowing the state of aggregation to be reflected in the measured value is supposed to be larger than that of D.sub.IA based on the theory stated above. The value of D.sub.50 approaches the value of D.sub.IA limitlessly, and the value of D.sub.50/D.sub.IA which is the aggregation degree will approach 1 as the state of aggregation of the powder particles of the fine particulate silver powder is reduced. At the stage where the aggregation degree becomes 1, the powder can be said to be monodisperse powder in which the state of aggregation of the powder particles is not present at all.

[0017] Accordingly, the present inventors have tried to examine the correlation among the aggregation degree, viscosity of fine particulate silver powder pastes produced with a fine particulate silver powder of different aggregation degree and surface smoothness of the conductor obtained by sintering. As a result, it has been found that an extremely good correlation can be obtained. As is understood from this, it can be judged that free control of viscosity of a fine particulate silver powder paste is possible by controlling the aggregation degree of the fine particulate silver powder used therein. Besides, it has been found that if the aggregation degree is maintained to be 1.5or less, fluctuation of the viscosity of fine particulate silver powder paste, and the surface smoothness after sintering processing can be retained in an extremely small region. In addition, as the aggregation state is eliminated, the film apparent density of the conductor obtained by sintering the fine particulate silver oxide powder improves and, as a result, it comes to be possible to reduce the electric resistance of the formed sintered conductor.

[0018] In addition, when the aggregation degree is actually calculated, there are some cases where the value less than 1 is shown. It is considered that this is due to the assumption that D.sub.IA used for calculation of aggregation degree is a truth sphere, and although the value of aggregation degree cannot be a value under 1 theoretically, it is supposed that such a value of aggregation degree less than 1 can be obtained in reality because it is not a truth sphere.

[0019] The property c. is that crystallite diameter is 10 nm or less and there is a very close relationship between this crystallite diameter and sintering starting temperature. That is to say, in the comparison between the silver powders having equal average particle diameter, the sintering temperature can be lower as the crystallite diameter is smaller. Therefore, the fine particulate silver powder of the present invention having a large surface energy due to its small particle size, and having a small crystallite diameter of 10 mm or less can reduce the sintering starting temperature. Here, no lower limit is defined for the crystallite diameter, and the reason therefor is that a certain measurement error occurs depending on measuring apparatus, measurement condition and so on. It is difficult. to demand high reliability in the measured values in the range where the crystallite diameter is less than 10 nm and if the lower limit is dared to be determined, it is supposed to be around 2 nm obtained as a result of study of the present inventors.

[0020] The property d. is that the content of organic impurities is 0.25 wt % or less in terms of the amount of carbon. Here, the carbon content is used as an index of the content of organic impurities and is to estimate the amount of impurities adhered to the powder particles of the silver powder. The carbon content at this time is measured by mixing 0.5 g of a fine particulate silver powder, 1.5 g of tungsten powder and 0.3 g of tin powder and placing the mixture in a porcelain crucible and performing the measurement by burn up infrared absorption method using EMIA-320V manufactured by Horiba, Ltd. The carbon content of a silver powder obtained by a conventional production method will be that containing more than 0.25 wt % carbon no matter how strongly washing is enhanced.

[0021] The fine particulate silver powders according to the present invention have the powder properties a. to d. as stated above, and they can be taken as fine particulate silver powders never present conventionally. In addition, from a viewpoint of sintering starting temperature, the fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention can be said to be fine particulate silver powder for which sintering can be started at a low temperature as low as 240.degree. C. or less. No lower limit is particularly defined for this sintering starting temperature either, but it is almost impossible to attain a sintering starting temperature less than 170.degree. C. and this is supposed to be said temperature corresponding to the lower limit in consideration of the study performed by the present inventors and general technique common sense.

[0022] Furthermore, tap bulk density of the fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention is as high as 4.0 g/cm.sup.3 as an effect resulted by the powder properties mentioned above. The tap bulk density as used herein is measured by a method comprising accurately weighing 200 g of fine particulate silver powder, placing the powder in a measuring cylinder of 150 cm.sup.3, tapping by dropping at a stroke of 40 mm, 1,000 times repeatedly, and then measuring the volume of the fine particulate silver powder. This tap bulk density will be obtained as a higher value as the powder has theoretically more minute particle size, and it is in a state of higher dispersibility without aggregation among the particles. Considering that the tap bulk density of the conventional silver powders was less than 4.0 g/cm.sup.3, this supports that the fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention is very fine and excellent in dispersibility.

<Production Method of Fine Particulate Silver Powder>

[0023] The production method according to the present is a method in which an aqueous solution of silver ammine complex is obtained by contacting and reacting an aqueous silver nitrate solution and ammonia water, and an organic reducing agent is added to this to allow reduction and deposition of silver particles which are then filtered, washed and dried, significantly characterized in that the reducing agent, silver nitrate and ammonia water are used in amounts so that they may be diluted after they are added. Conventionally, it was common to mix a reducing agent solution and a silver ammine complex aqueous solution in a tank at once and therefore, large amounts of silver nitrate, reducing agent and ammonia water should be added in order to make the silver concentration to be 10 g/l or more, and otherwise productivity for the scale of facilities was not able to be secured.

[0024] The first characteristic of the production method according to the present invention is that the concentration of the organic reducing agent after contacting and reacting a silver ammine complex aqueous solution and an organic reducing agent is low, and it is possible to decrease the organic reducing material which may be adsorbed and left on the surface of the powder particles of the generated silver powder, or taken in the powder particles in the growing process of the powder particles. Therefore, it is the most preferable to maintain the concentration of the organic reducing agent to 1 g/l to 3 g/l and adjust the silver concentration to 1 g/l to 6 g/l in the mixed solution.

[0025] Here, there is a proportional relationship between the silver concentration and naturally quantitatively a larger amount of silver powders can be obtained as the silver concentration is higher. However, when the silver concentration exceeds 6 g/l, there arises a tendency that the deposited silver particle becomes coarse particles, and the particle diameter will not be different at all from that of the conventional silver powders and silver powders having high dispersion properties by the present invention cannot be obtained. In contrast, if the silver concentration here is less than 1 g/l, extremely fine particulate silver powder can be obtained but because the powder is too fine, oil absorption increases and the viscosity of the paste rises, which brings about necessity to increase the amount of the organic vehicle, and leads to decrease in the film density of the finally formed sintered conductor, and tendency of increase in the electric resistance. In addition, it will not satisfy the necessary industrial productivity.

[0026] And it is the most suitable condition for obtaining fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention in a high yield to maintain the concentration of the organic reducing agent to 1 g/l to 3 g/l and the silver concentration to 1 g/l to 6g/l. Here, the reason for adjusting the concentration of the organic reducing agent to 1 g/l to 3 g/l is to select it as the range most suitable for obtaining a silver powder of fine particles in a relationship with the silver concentration in the silver ammine complex aqueous solution. When the concentration of the organic reducing agent exceeds 3 g/l, the amount of the reducing agent liquid to be added to the silver ammine complex aqueous solution decreases, but the progress of aggregation of the powder particles of the reduced and deposited silver powder comes to be significant, and the amount of impurity contained in the powder particles (In this specification, the amount of impurity is taken as carbon content.) begins to increase rapidly. On the other hand, when the concentration of the organic reducing agent is adjusted to less than 1 g/l, the total liquid volume of the reducing agent to be used increases and the amount of waste water treatment grows significantly, and it cannot satisfy the industrial economic efficiency.

[0027] The "organic reducing agent" as used herein is hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, glucose, etc. Among these, it is preferable to use hydroquinone for an organic reducing agent selectively. Hydroquinone is comparatively excellent in reactivity in the present invention in comparison with other organic reducing agents, and it may be said that it is the agent having a reaction rate most suitable for obtaining low crystalline silver powder having a small crystallite diameter.

[0028] And the other additives can be used in combination with the above-mentioned organic reducing agents. The additives as used herein are glue such as gelatine, amine-based polymeric agent, cellulose and so on and desirably they stabilize the reduction deposition process of silver powder and have functions to be a certain dispersing agent at the same time and can be used suitably selectively in accordance with the organic reducing agent, type of production process and so on.

[0029] And according to the present invention, it is desirable to adopt a method of contacting and reacting the resulting silver ammine complex aqueous solution and an organic reducing agent to reduce and deposit a fine particulate silver powder, wherein the silver ammine complex aqueous solution S.sub.1 flows in a certain flow path (referred to as "the first flow path" in the above and the following) and the second flow path b is provided which joins the first flow path a on its way as shown in FIG. 1 and the organic reducing agent and an additive S.sub.2, if required, are allowed to flow into the first flow path a though the second first flow path b and are contacted and mixed at the joining point m of the first flow path a and the second first flow path b to reduce and deposit a silver powder (hereinafter referred to as "interflow mixing method").

[0030] By adopting such interflow mixing method, mixing of the two liquids is achieved in the shortest time and the reaction proceeds in a uniform state within the system a, and therefore, powder particles of the uniform shape can be formed. In addition, because the amount of the organic reducing agent after mixing is small when observed as the whole solution, the amount of the organic reducing agent adsorbed and left on the surface of the powder particles of the reduced and deposited silver powder decreases. As a result, the amount of impurities adsorbed on each of the fine particulate silver powder obtained by filtering and drying can be reduced. This reduction of the amount of impurities adsorbed on the fine particulate silver powder also enables to reduce the electric resistance of the sintered conductor which is formed through a silver paste.

[0031] Furthermore, it is desirable to obtain a silver ammine complex aqueous solution at a silver concentration of 2 g/l to 12 g/l using a silver nitrate aqueous solution of 6 g/l to 48 g/l when contacting and reacting a silver nitrate aqueous solution and ammonia water to obtain a silver ammine complex aqueous solution. The prescription of the concentration of a silver nitrate aqueous solution here is the same as prescribing the liquid volume of the silver nitrate aqueous solution and in consideration that the silver concentration of the silver ammine complex aqueous solution is adjusted to 2 g/l to 12g/1, the concentration and the liquid volume of ammonia water to be added thereto will be necessarily decided. Although clear technical reasons have not been clear in the present stage, a fine particulate silver powder showing the best production stability and stable in quality can be obtained by using a silver nitrate aqueous solution of 2.6 g/l to 48 g/l.

[0032] The second characteristic of the production method according to the present invention is washing which is finally performed and is very important. As for the washing at this time, a combination of water washing and alcohol washing may be performed or alcohol washing alone may be used but the washing by alcohol washing is enhanced. That is to say, usually washing is performed with about 100 ml of pure water and then with about 50 ml of alcohol for 40 g of a fine particulate silver powder which has been reduced and deposited. In contrast, according to the present invention, alcohol washing is performed with 200 ml or more of alcohol, that is, washing is performed with an excess amount of alcohol of 5L or more per kg of a fine particulate silver powder.

[0033] The reason why the impurities can be reduced by such enhanced washing is that a technique is adopted in the contact reaction of an aqueous solution of silver ammine complex and a reducing agent for obtaining a fine particulate silver powder in which technique a reaction system at a very low concentration is adopted and the amount of the organic reducing agent is retained to low for the whole solution after mixing.

[0034] The fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention is fine as never present conventionally, has a high dispersibility and has a small impurity content, and it can be understood that such a silver powder is an unprecedented fine particulate silver powder. In addition, it is enabled to efficiently obtain the fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention by adopting the production method described above.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] FIG. 1 is a drawing expressing the concept of mixing a silver ammine complex aqueous solution and a reducing agent;

[0036] FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention;

[0037] FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of a fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention;

[0038] FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of a fine particulate silver powder according to a conventional production method; and

[0039] FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of a fine particulate silver powder according to a conventional production method.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0040] Hereinbelow, the best mode of the present invention will be described in detail by comparing with comparative examples.

EXAMPLE 1

[0041] In this example, a fine particulate silver powder was produced using the production method stated above and the properties of the obtained fine particulate silver powder were measured. And further, a silver paste was produced with the fine particulate silver powder and a test circuit was formed and the conductor resistance and sintering starting temperature were measured.

[0042] First, 63.3 g of silver nitrate was dissolved in 9.7 liters of pure water to prepare a silver nitrate aqueous solution, and 235 ml of 25 wt % concentration ammonia water was added thereto at once and agitated and a silver ammine complex aqueous solution was obtained.

[0043] This silver ammine complex aqueous solution was introduced into the first flow path a of 13 mm inside diameter shown in FIG. 1 at a flow rate of 1,500 ml/sec and a reducing agent was flowed from the second flow path b at a flow rate of 1,500 ml/sec, and they were contacted at the joining point m at a temperature of 20.degree. C. and a fine particulate silver powder was reduced and deposited. A hydroquinone aqueous solution in which 21 g of hydroquinone was dissolved in 10 liters of pure water was used as the reducing agent on this occasion. Therefore, hydroquinone concentration at the time point when mixing was finished was about 1.04 g/l, and it was a very low concentration.

[0044] Filtration was performed with a Nutsche to separate 40 g of the resulting fine particulate silver powder, which was washed with 100 ml of water and 600 ml of methanol and further dried at 70.degree. C..times.5 hours and a fine particulate silver powder was obtained. The photomicrograph of this obtained fine particulate silver powder by scanning electron microscope was shown in FIG. 2.

[0045] The powder properties of the fine particulate silver powder obtained as above are shown in Table 1 along with the powder properties of the silver powders obtained in Example 2 and Comparative Examples. Therefore, measuring method and the like unidentified in the explanation described above are clarified here. The sintering starting temperature in Table 1 was measured by accurately weighing 0.5 g of a fine particulate silver powder with a balance and pressing this into a shape of a pellet at a pressure of 2 t/cm.sup.2 for one minute and performing measurement with TMA/SS6000 which was a thermomechanical analysis equipment (TMA equipment) manufactured by SEIKO Instruments Corporation and in a condition of air flow rate of 200cc/min, temperature elevating rate of 2.degree. C./min and retention time of 0 minute in the range of ordinary temperature to 900.degree. C. The conductor resistance described in Table 1 was measured by using a 1 mm width circuit obtained by producing a silver paste with each of the silver powders and drawing circuit on a ceramic substrate and sintering it at a temperature of 180 to250.degree. C. The composition of this silver paste was 85 wt % of a fine particulate silver powder, 0.75 wt % of ethyl cellulose, 14.25 wt % of terpineol. FIB analysis measured the dimension of deposited crystal particles and was used for measurement of crystallite diameter.

EXAMPLE 2

[0046] In this example, a fine particulate silver powder was produced using the production conditions different from those of Example 1 and the properties of the obtained fine particulate silver powder were measured. And further, a silver paste was produced with the fine particulate silver powder and a test circuit was formed and the conductor resistance and sintering starting temperature were measured.

[0047] First, 63.3 g of silver nitrate was dissolved in 3.1 liters of pure water to prepare a silver nitrate aqueous solution, and 235 ml of 25 wt % concentration ammonia water was added thereto at once and agitated and a silver ammine complex aqueous solution was obtained.

[0048] This silver ammine complex aqueous solution was introduced into the first flow path a of 13 mm inside diameter shown in FIG. 1 at a flow rate of 1,500 ml/sec and a reducing agent was flowed from the second flow path b at a flow rate of 1,500 ml/sec, and they were contacted at the joining point m at a temperature of 20.degree. C. and a fine particulate silver powder was reduced and deposited. A hydroquinone aqueous solution in which 21 g of hydroquinone was dissolved in 3.4 liters of pure water was used as the reducing agent on this occasion. Therefore, hydroquinone concentration at the time point when mixing was finished was about 3.0 g/l, and it was a very low concentration.

[0049] 40 g of the resulting fine particulate silver powder was filtered with a Nutsche as in Example 1, washed with 100 ml of water and 600 ml of methanol and further dried at 70.degree. C..times.5 hours and a fine particulate silver powder was obtained. The photomicrograph of this obtained fine particulate silver powder by scanning electron microscope was shown in FIG. 3. The powder properties of the fine particulate silver powder obtained as above are shown in Table 1 along with the powder properties of the silver powders obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

[0050] Only the condition for washing is changed from Example 1 in this Comparative Example, and only the condition for washing is described to avoid repetition of description. 40 g of the fine particulate silver powder obtained in Example 1 was filtered with a Nutsche, washed with 100 ml of water and 50 ml of methanol and further dried at 70.degree. C..times.5 hours and a fine particulate silver powder was obtained. The photomicrograph of this obtained fine particulate silver powder by scanning electron microscope was as shown in FIG. 2. The powder properties of the fine particulate silver powder obtained as above are shown in Table 1 along with the powder properties of the silver powders obtained in the other Examples and Comparative Examples.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2

[0051] Only the condition for washing is changed from Example 2 in this Comparative Example, and only the condition for washing is described to avoid repetition of description. 40 g of the fine particulate silver powder obtained in Example 2 was filtered with a Nutsche, washed with 100 ml of water and 50 ml of methanol and further dried at 70.degree. C..times.5 hours and a fine particulate silver powder was obtained. The photomicrograph of this obtained fine particulate silver powder by scanning electron microscope was as shown in FIG. 3. The powder properties of the fine particulate silver powder obtained as above are shown in Table 1 along with the powder properties of the silver powders obtained in the other Examples and Comparative Examples.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3

[0052] In this example, a fine particulate silver powder was produced using the production method shown below and the properties of the obtained fine particulate silver powder were measured. And further, a silver paste was produced with the fine particulate silver powder and a test circuit was formed and the conductor resistance and sintering starting temperature were measured.

[0053] First, 63.3 g of silver nitrate was dissolved in 1.0 liter of pure water to prepare a silver nitrate aqueous solution, and 235 ml of 25 wt % concentration ammonia water was added thereto at once and agitated and a silver ammine complex aqueous solution was obtained.

[0054] And this silver ammine complex solution was placed into a reaction tank and a hydroquinone aqueous solution in which 21 g of hydroquinone was dissolved in 1.3 liters of pure water was added thereto at once as the reducing agent and agitated while the liquid temperature was maintained at 20.degree. C. for allowing reaction and a fine particulate silver powder was reduced and deposited. The hydroquinone concentration at the time point when mixing was finished was about 8.23 g/l, and it was a high concentration.

[0055] The resulting fine particulate silver powder was filtered with a Nutsche as in Example 1, washed with 100 ml of water and 50 ml of methanol and further dried at 70.degree. C..times.5 hours and a fine particulate silver powder was obtained. The photomicrograph of this obtained fine particulate silver powder by scanning electron microscope was shown in FIG. 4. The powder properties of the fine particulate silver powder obtained as above are shown in Table 1 along with the powder properties of the silver powders obtained in the above-mentioned Examples and the second Comparative Example.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4

[0056] In this example, a fine particulate silver powder was produced using the production method shown below and the properties of the obtained fine particulate silver powder were measured. And further, a silver paste was produced with the fine particulate silver powder and a test circuit was formed and the conductor resistance and sintering starting temperature were measured.

[0057] First, 63.3 g of silver nitrate was dissolved in 300 ml of pure water to prepare a silver nitrate aqueous solution, and 235 ml of 25 wt % concentration ammonia water was added thereto at once and agitated and a silver ammine complex aqueous solution was obtained.

[0058] And this silver ammine complex solution was placed into a reaction tank and a hydroquinone aqueous solution in which 3 g of gelatine was added to 200 ml of pure water and further 21 g of hydroquinone was dissolved in 700 ml of pure water was added thereto at once as the reducing agent and agitated while the liquid temperature was maintained at 20.degree. C. for allowing reaction and a fine particulate silver powder was reduced and deposited. The hydroquinone concentration at the time point when mixing was finished was about 14.5 g/l, and it was a high concentration.

[0059] The resulting fine particulate silver powder was filtered with a Nutsche as in Example 1, washed with 100 ml of water and 50 ml of methanol and further dried at 70.degree. C..times.5 hours and a fine particulate silver powder was obtained. The photomicrograph of this obtained fine particulate silver powder by scanning electron microscope was shown in FIG. 5. The powder properties of the fine particulate silver powder obtained as above are shown in Table 1 along with the powder properties of the silver powders obtained in the above-mentioned Examples and the second Comparative Example.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5

[0060] In this example, a fine particulate silver powder was produced using the production method shown below and the properties of the obtained fine particulate silver powder were measured. And further, a silver paste was produced with the fine particulate silver powder and a test circuit was formed and the conductor resistance and sintering starting temperature were measured.

[0061] First, 20 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone was dissolved in 260 ml of pure water and further 50 g of silver nitrate was dissolved to prepare a silver nitrate aqueous solution, and 25 g of nitric acid was added thereto at once and agitated and anitric acid solution containing silver was obtained. The ascorbic acid concentration at the time point when mixing was finished was about 36.0 g/l.

[0062] In the meantime, 35.8 g of ascorbic acid was added and dissolved to 500 ml of pure water as a reducing agent to prepare a reducing agent solution.

[0063] And this nitric acid solution containing silver was placed into a reaction tank and the above-mentioned reducing agent solution was added thereto at once and agitated while the liquid temperature was maintained at 25.degree. C. for allowing reaction and a fine particulate silver powder was reduced and deposited.

[0064] The resulting fine particulate silver powder was filtered with a Nutsche as in Example 1, washed with 100 ml of water and 50 ml of methanol and further dried at 70.degree. C..times.5 hours and a fine particulate silver powder was obtained. The powder properties of the fine particulate silver powder obtained as above are shown in Table 1 along with the powder properties of the silver powders obtained in the above-mentioned Examples and Comparative Examples.

<Comparison and Reviewing of Examples and Comparative Examples>

[0065] The above-mentioned Examples and Comparative Examples are compared referring to Table 1. In addition, it is supposed that the particle diameter of the primary particles of a powder particle can be understood distinctly if the scanning electron microscope photographs shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 are referred to. TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Properties of Powder Properties Sintered Conductor Tap Bulk Crystallite Conductor Sintering SSA Density D.sub.50 D.sub.LA Diameter Carbon Resistance Starting Sample m.sup.2/g g/cm.sup.3 .mu.m D.sub.50/D.sub.LA nm Content % .mu.-cm Temperature.degree. C. Example 1 2.54 4.2 0.31 0.30 1.03 7 0.15 4.6 160 Example 2 1.68 4.7 0.55 0.49 1.12 7 0.21 5.9 190 Comparative 2.89 4.3 0.29 0.28 1.04 7 0.28 8.5 160 Example 1 Comparative 0.55 4.0 3.90 2.20 1.77 7 0.32 7.9 190 Example 2 Comparative 1.18 4.3 1.78 1.02 1.75 9 0.88 Not 250 Example 3 Measurable Comparative 0.55 4.0 3.90 2.20 1.77 8 0.89 Not 250 Example 4 Measurable Comparative 0.62 4.0 3.03 1.20 2.53 38 0.30 Not 350 Example 5 Measurable

[0066] As is apparent from this Table 1, it will be appreciated that the fine particulate silver powders obtained in the above Examples are extremely fine and highly dispersible and contain a small amount of impurities as compared with the silver powders produced with a conventional production method by comparing each of the powder property values and they are fine particulate powders never existed in the conventional silver powders. In addition, as for the sintered conductor properties, when the circuit is formed by using a fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention, the film density is high, the impurity content is low, and the electric resistance is reduced. In the case of each of the Comparative Examples, it can be seen that the conductor resistance is too high to be measured.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0067] The fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention is composed of fine powder particles as could never be supposed in the conventional silver powder, and the aggregation degree of the powder particle is low, and shows very excellent dispersibility as compared with the conventional silver powders. In addition, by adopting a production method of a fine particulate silver powder according to the present invention, the residual organic matter in the obtained fine particulate silver powder has been decreased, which effects along with the high film density due to fine particulate silver powder and, as a result, enables to reduce the electric resistance of the obtained conductor.

Claims

1. A fine particulate silver powder having low aggregation properties, characterized in that the silver powder has the following powder properties in which: a. the average particle diameter D.sub.IA of the primary particles obtained by image analysis of a scanning electron micrograph is 0.6 .mu.m or less; b. the aggregation degree represented by D.sub.50/D.sub.IA using the average particle diameter D.sub.IA of the primary particles and the average particle diameter D.sub.50 by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement is 1.5 or less; c. the crystallite diameter is 10 nm or less; and d. the content of organic impurities is 0.25 wt % or less on the basis of the amount of carbon.

2. The fine particulate silver powder according to claim 1, wherein the sintering starting temperature is 240.degree. C. or less.

3. A production method of a fine particulate silver powder comprising obtaining an aqueous solution of silver ammine complex by mixing and reacting an aqueous silver nitrate solution with ammonia water, reducing and depositing silver particles by adding a reducing agent thereto and performing filtering, washing and drying the particles, characterized in that the silver particles are reduced and deposited by contacting and mixing aqueous solution of silver ammine complex with an organic reducing agent, and maintaining the silver concentration to 1 g/l to 6 g/l, and the concentration of the organic reducing agent to 1 g/l to 3 g/l in the mixed solution, and the silver particles are then filtered, washed with water, and washed with an excess amount of a methanol solution.

4. The production method of a fine particulate silver powder according to claim 3, characterized in that when the aqueous solution of silver ammine complex is contacted and mixed with the organic reducing agent, the silver ammine complex aqueous solution flows in a certain flow path (hereinbelow referred to as "first flow path"), a second flow path which joins the first flow path on its way is provided, and the organic reducing agent is allowed to flow into the first flow path through the second first flow path and is contacted and mixed with the aqueous solution of silver ammine complex at the joining point of the first flow path and the second flow path.

5. The production method of a fine particulate silver powder according to claim 3, characterized in that the method employs an aqueous solution of silver ammine complex having a silver concentration of 2 to 12 g/l obtained by mixing and reacting a silver nitrate aqueous solution having a silver nitrate concentration of 2.6 to 4.8 g/l with ammonia water.

6. The production method of a fine particulate silver powder according to claim 3, wherein a dispersant is contained in the organic reducing agent to be used.

7. The production method of a fine particulate silver powder according to claim 3, wherein hydroquinone is used as the organic reducing agent.

8. The production method of a fine particulate silver powder according to claim 3, wherein alcohol is used in an amount of 5 L or more per kg of the obtained silver particles.