U.S. patent application number 11/522787 was filed with the patent office on 2007-03-22 for heat exchanger and production method for the heat exchanger.
This patent application is currently assigned to DENSO Corporation. Invention is credited to Junji Kato, Ryouichi Sanada, Naoki Sugimoto.
Application Number | 20070062671 11/522787 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37882909 |
Filed Date | 2007-03-22 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070062671 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Sugimoto; Naoki ; et
al. |
March 22, 2007 |
Heat exchanger and production method for the heat exchanger
Abstract
A bracket portion and a caulking pawl portion are provided on a
tank cap closing an end portion of a first refrigerant header tank
of an evaporator. Brazing is carried out in a state where the pawl
portion is caulked and provisionally fixed to side plates by the
pawl portion. As the evaporator and a radiator for electric
components are coupled through the bracket portion, the coupling
distance can be reduced and a suitable fastening strength between
the evaporator and the radiator for electric components can be
secured.
Inventors: |
Sugimoto; Naoki; (Anjo-city,
JP) ; Sanada; Ryouichi; (Oobu-city, JP) ;
Kato; Junji; (Kariya-city, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
HARNESS, DICKEY & PIERCE, P.L.C.
P.O. BOX 828
BLOOMFIELD HILLS
MI
48303
US
|
Assignee: |
DENSO Corporation
Kariya-city
JP
448-8661
|
Family ID: |
37882909 |
Appl. No.: |
11/522787 |
Filed: |
September 18, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
165/67 ; 165/140;
180/68.4 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28F 9/002 20130101;
F28D 1/0452 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
165/067 ;
165/140; 180/068.4 |
International
Class: |
F28F 9/00 20060101
F28F009/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 20, 2005 |
JP |
2005-271605 |
Sep 27, 2005 |
JP |
2005-279994 |
Claims
1. A heat exchanger comprising: a core portion (13) having a
plurality of tubes (11) through which a fluid flows; side plates
(21) arranged on both end sides of said core portion (13) and
reinforcing said core portion (13); a pair of header tanks (14, 15)
arranged on both end sides of said tubes (11) in a longitudinal
direction and communicating with said tubes (11); and tank caps
(23, 28) closing the ends of said header tank (14) in the
longitudinal direction; wherein at least one of said tank caps (23,
28) is a tank cap (23) with a bracket having a bracket (23)
provided thereon; said tank cap (23) with a bracket has provisional
fixing means (21) to said side plates (21); and said tank cap (23)
with a bracket is coupled with said header tank (14) in a state
where it is provisionally fixed to said side plates (21) by said
provisional fixing means (25b).
2. A heat exchanger comprising a first heat exchanger (1) and a
second heat exchanger (2), wherein said first heat exchanger (1)
includes: a first core portion (13) having a plurality of first
tubes (11) through which a first fluid flows; side plates (21)
arranged on both end sides of said first core portion (13) and
reinforcing said first core portion (13); a pair of first header
tanks (14, 15) arranged on both end sides of said first tubes (11)
in a longitudinal direction and communicating with said first tubes
(11); and tank caps (23, 28) closing the ends of said first header
tank (14) in the longitudinal direction; wherein at least one of
said tank caps (23, 28) is a tank cap (23) with a bracket having a
bracket (26) provided thereon; and said second heat exchanger (2)
includes: a second core portion (33) having a plurality of second
tubes (31) through which a second fluid flows; and a pair of second
header tanks (34, 35) arranged on both end sides of said second
tubes (31) in a longitudinal direction and communicating with said
second tubes (31); said tank cap (23) with a bracket having
provisional fixing means (25b) to said side plates (21); said
bracket (23) with a bracket being coupled with said first header
tank (14) in a state where it is provisionally fixed to said side
plates (21); said first heat exchanger (1) and said second heat
exchanger (2) being coupled in parallel with each other through
said bracket (26) with respect to a flow direction of a third fluid
that executes heat exchange with said first fluid and said second
fluid.
3. A heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein said provisional
fixing means is a pawl portion (25b) caulked to an outer edge
portion of said side plate (21) when it is bent.
4. A heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein said provisional
fixing means is a pawl portion (25b) caulked to an outer edge
portion of said side plate (21) when it is bent, and said pawl
portion (25b) is caulked to a portion in proximity with a coupling
portion between said side plate (21) and said first header tank
(14).
5. A method for producing a first heat exchanger (1) as defined in
claim 2, comprising: the first step for provisionally fixing said
tank cap (23) with a bracket to said side plate (21) by said
provisional fixing means (25b); and the second step for coupling
said tank cap (23) with a bracket and said first header tank (14)
after said first step.
6. A heat exchanger comprising: a core portion (13) having a
plurality of tubes (11) through which a fluid flows; a pair of
header tanks (14, 15) arranged on both end sides of said tubes (11)
in a longitudinal direction and communicating with said tubes (11);
and tank caps (23, 138) closing the ends of said header tanks (14,
15) in the longitudinal direction; a bracket (136) coupled with at
least one of said tank caps (23, 138); and a pin member (137) for
provisionally fixing said tank cap (23) and said bracket (136);
wherein said pin member (137) is caulked and provisionally fixed to
provisional fixing hole portion (134b) formed in said tank cap (23)
and a provisional fixing hole portion (136c) formed in said bracket
(136); and said tank cap (23) and said bracket (136) is coupled in
a state where they are caulked and provisionally fixed.
7. A heat exchanger comprising a first heat exchanger (1) and a
second heat exchanger (2), wherein said first heat exchanger (1)
includes: a first core portion (13) having a plurality of first
tubes (11) through which a first fluid flows; a pair of first
header tanks (14, 15) arranged on both end sides of said first
tubes (11) in a longitudinal direction and communicating with said
first tubes (11); tank caps (23,138) closing the ends of said first
header tanks (14, 15) in the longitudinal direction; a bracket
(136) coupled with at least one of said tank caps (23, 138); and a
pin member (137) for provisionally fixing said tank cap (23) and
said bracket (136); and wherein said second heat exchanger (2)
includes: a second core portion (33) having a plurality of second
tubes (31) through which a second fluid flows; and a pair of second
header tanks (34, 35) arranged on both end sides of said second
tubes (31) in a longitudinal direction and communicating with said
second tubes (31); said pin member (137) being caulked and
provisionally fixed to a pin provisional fixing hole portion (34b)
formed in said tank cap (23) and to a pin provisional fixing hole
portion (136c) formed in said bracket (136); said tank cap (23) and
said bracket (23) being coupled with each other in a state where
they are caulked and provisionally fixed; said first heat exchanger
(1) and said second heat exchanger (2) being coupled in parallel
with each other through said bracket (136) with respect to a flow
direction of a third fluid that executes heat exchange with said
first fluid and said second fluid.
8. A heat exchanger according to claim 6, wherein said tank caps
(23, 138) include a tank cap (138) to which said bracket (136) is
not coupled.
9. A production method for a heat exchanger according to claim 6,
which further comprises: the first step for caulking and
provisionally fixing said pin member (137) to a pin provisional
fixing hole portion (134b) formed in said tank cap (23) and to a
pin provisional fixing hole portion (136c) formed in said bracket
(136); and the second step for coupling said tank cap (23) and said
bracket (136) in a state where they are caulked and provisionally
fixed.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] This invention relates to a heat exchanger having a bracket
and a production method for the heat exchanger. More particularly,
the present invention is effective when applied to a composite-type
heat exchanger, for a vehicle, having a plurality of heat
exchangers integrated with one another.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] A heat exchanger having a bracket and a production method
are disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3,591,569.
According to this prior art technology, a core portion for
executing heat exchange and side plates for reinforcing the core
portion are provisionally fixed by a jig and, while the bracket is
caulked and provisionally fixed in such a fashion as to protrude
from the side plates, the bracket and the core portion are
integrally coupled with each other by brazing.
[0005] This method eliminates a provisional fixing step for
provisionally fixing the bracket to the side plates such as crewing
and welding, and reduces the cost of production.
[0006] The necessity for a composite-type heat exchanger fabricated
by integrating a plurality of heat exchangers with one another has
been increasing in recent years. In hybrid vehicles, for example, a
heat exchanger is necessary in which a heat exchanger operating as
a condenser for a vehicle air conditioner and a heat exchanger
operating as a radiator for cooling a driving electric motor are
juxtaposed and integrated with each other with respect to an air
flow.
[0007] When a composite-type heat exchanger is produced by
preparing a plurality of heat exchangers according to the prior art
and coupling the brackets of each heat exchanger with one another,
the distance between the adjacent heat exchangers becomes large
because each bracket is formed to protrude from a sheet-like side
plate.
[0008] When the distance between the adjacent heat exchangers
becomes large and the distance becomes large, the deflection amount
of the bracket increases, owing to the vibration of the vehicle,
and the fastening strength, between the adjacent heat exchangers,
drops.
[0009] Therefore, to decrease the distance between the adjacent
heat exchangers, the inventor of this invention has examined an
arrangement in which the bracket is provided on a tank cap for
closing an end portion of header tanks in which distribution and
gathering of heat exchange fluids are done.
[0010] According to this constitution, the adjacent header tanks
can be directly fastened by bolts through the bracket by arranging
the bracket on the tank cap of one of the heat exchangers and
disposing screw holes in the header tank of the other heat
exchanger. The distance between the adjacent heat exchangers can
then be reduced.
[0011] Nonetheless, it has been found out that when the tank cap on
which the bracket is provided is caulked and provisionally fixed to
the outer periphery of the header tank and is then brazed, the
weight of the bracket adds to the tank cap to which the bracket is
provided, so that the provisional fixing state cannot be kept when
a brazing material is molten at the time of melting, and the tank
cap falls off from the header tank.
[0012] This problem may be solved by employing a
caulking/provisional fixing means that increases the caulking load,
for provisionally fixing the tank cap having the bracket to the
header tank, but the header tank is likely to undergo deformation.
Provisional fixing means that uses screwing or welding is
conceivable, too, but a process step for screwing or welding is
necessary for provisional fixing and the production cost cannot be
reduced.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] In view of the problems described above, it is a first
object of the present invention to couple a tank cap having a
bracket provided thereon to a heat exchanger without inviting the
increase in the production cost.
[0014] In a heat exchanger formed by integrating a plurality of
heat exchangers, it is a second object of the invention to provide
a heat exchanger capable of reducing the distance between adjacent
heat exchangers and securing a fastening strength, and a production
method thereof.
[0015] The present inventor has further examined simultaneous
coupling of a tank cap and a bracket with a heat exchanger in a
state where the tank cap and the bracket are provisionally fixed
(sub-assembled) when the bracket is provided on the tank cap.
[0016] According to this method, the process step for conducting
only coupling of the tank cap and the bracket can be eliminated and
the bracket can be provided on the tank cap without inviting an
increase in production cost.
[0017] However, when pawl portions, etc, for caulking and
provisional fixing are provided on the bracket 24 for provisionally
fixing the tank cap and the bracket, the shape of the bracket
becomes more complicated and the strength of the bracket drops,
during use, for reasons such as the concentration of the stress on
a specific portion such as the pawl portion. When provisional
fixing is made through screwing or welding, a production step that
is more complicated than provisional fixing by caulking is
necessary and the production cost increases.
[0018] In view of the problems described above, it is a third
object of the invention to provisionally fix a tank cap to a
bracket without inviting a drop in bracket strength and an increase
in production cost.
[0019] It is a fourth object of the invention to provide a heat
exchanger, formed by integrating a plurality of heat exchangers,
capable of securing a fastening strength by using a bracket coupled
to a tank cap, and a production method thereof.
[0020] In order to accomplish the above object, according to a
first feature of the present invention, there is provided a heat
exchanger comprising: a core portion (13) having a plurality of
tubes (11) through which a fluid flows; side plates (21) arranged
on both end sides of said core portion (13) and reinforcing said
core portion (13); a pair of header tanks (14, 15) arranged on both
end sides of said tubes (11) in a longitudinal direction and
communicating with said tubes (11); and tank caps (23, 28) closing
the ends of said header tank (14) in the longitudinal direction;
wherein at least one of said tank caps (23, 28) is a tank cap (23)
with a bracket having a bracket (23) provided thereon; said tank
cap (23) with a bracket has provisional fixing means (21) to said
side plates (21); and said tank cap (23) with a bracket is coupled
with said header tank (14) in a state where it is provisionally
fixed to said side plates (21) by said provisional fixing means
(25b).
[0021] According to the means described above, as a tank cap (23)
with a bracket has provisional fixing means (25b) to a side plate
(21), the tank cap (23) with a bracket can be firmly coupled to the
side plate (21) and can be bonded in such a state to a header tank
(14).
[0022] As a result, the tank cap (23) having the bracket (26)
provided thereon can be coupled to the heat exchanger without
inviting an increase in production cost.
[0023] According to a second feature of the present invention, a
heat exchanger comprising a first heat exchanger (1) and a second
heat exchanger (2), wherein said first heat exchanger (1) includes:
a first core portion (13) having a plurality of first tubes (11)
through which a first fluid flows; side plates (21) arranged on
both end sides of said first core portion (13) and reinforcing said
first core portion (13); a pair of first header tanks (14, 15)
arranged on both end sides of said first tubes (11) in a
longitudinal direction and communicating with said first tubes
(11); and tank caps (23, 28) closing the ends of said first header
tank (14) in the longitudinal direction; wherein at least one of
said tank caps (23, 28) is a tank cap (23) with a bracket having a
bracket (26) provided thereon; and said second heat exchanger (2)
includes: a second core portion (33) having a plurality of second
tubes (31) through which a second fluid flows; and a pair of second
header tanks (34, 35) arranged on both end sides of said second
tubes (31) in a longitudinal direction and communicating with said
second tubes (31); said tank cap (23) with a bracket having
provisional fixing means (25b) to said side plates (21); said
bracket (23) with a bracket being coupled with said first header
tank (14) in a state where it is provisionally fixed to said side
plates (21); aid first heat exchanger (1) and said second heat
exchanger (2) being coupled in parallel with each other through
said bracket (26) with respect to a flow direction of a third fluid
that executes heat exchange with said first fluid and said second
fluid.
[0024] According to the means described above, the tank cap (23)
having the bracket (26) provided thereon can be coupled to the
first heat exchanger (1) without inviting an increase in production
cost in the same way as the heat exchanger of the first feature
described above.
[0025] As the first heat exchanger (1) and the second heat
exchanger (2) are coupled through the bracket (24) coupled to the
tank cap (23), the first header tank (14, 14) and the second header
tank (34, 35) adjacent to each other can be fastened and the
fastening strength can be secured by reducing the distance between
the first heat exchanger (1) and the second heat exchanger (2).
[0026] In the heat exchangers having the first and second features,
the provisional fixing means may concretely be a pawl portion (25b)
that is caulked to an outer edge portion of the side plate (21)
when it is bent.
[0027] Accordingly, when the pawl portion (25b) is caulked and
provisionally fixed to the outer edge of the side plate (21), the
tank cap (23) can be provisionally fixed easily and firmly. In
other words, when the pawl portion (25b) is bent in such a manner
as to extend along the outer edge of the side plate (21),
provisional fixing can be made in such a manner as to restrict the
movement of the tank cap (23) in the axial direction of the header
tank (14) and in the vertical direction of the core portion
(13).
[0028] In the heat exchanger having the second feature, the
provisional fixing means is a pawl portion (25b) caulked to the
outer edge of the side plate (21) when it is bent, and the pawl
portion (25b) may well be caulked to a portion in proximity with
the coupling portion between the side plate (21) and the first
header tank (14).
[0029] As will be explained in a later-appearing embodiment,
deformation occurs in the side plate (21) after coupling owing to
the heat at the time of coupling. This deformation amount is
smaller at a portion in proximity with the coupling portion between
the side plate (21) and the header tanks (14, 15) than the center
side of the side plate (21).
[0030] Therefore, when the pawl portion (25b) is caulked and
provisionally fixed to the outer edge of the side plate (21) in
proximity with the coupling portion between the side plate (21) and
the header tank (14, 15), the tank cap (23) can be provisionally
fixed easily and firmly and deviation of the fitting position of
the tank cap (23), resulting from deformation of the side plate
(21) after coupling, can be prevented.
[0031] Here, the term "in proximity with the coupling position" in
the present invention means a range in which a quality defect in
brazing does not occur owing to deviation of the fitting position
of the tank cap (23) after coupling. For example, the range may be
within 5 mm from the coupling position of the side plate (21) and
the header tank (14).
[0032] The third feature of the present invention resides in a
method for producing a first heat exchanger (1) of the heat
exchanger having the second feature, which method comprises the
first step for provisionally fixing a tank cap (23) with a bracket
to a side plate (21) by provisional fixing means (25b); and the
second step for coupling the tank cap (23) with a bracket and a
first header tank (14) after the first step.
[0033] According to this method, the first heat exchanger in the
heat exchanger having the second feature can be produced.
[0034] According to a third feature of the present invention, a
heat exchanger comprising: a core portion (13) having a plurality
of tubes (11) through which a fluid flows; a pair of header tanks
(14, 15) arranged on both end sides of said tubes (11) in a
longitudinal direction and communicating with said tubes (11); and
tank caps (23, 138) closing the ends of said header tanks (14, 15)
in the longitudinal direction; a bracket (136) coupled with at
least one of said tank caps (23, 138); and a pin member (137) for
provisionally fixing said tank cap (23) and said bracket (136);
wherein said pin member (137) is caulked and provisionally fixed to
provisional fixing hole portion (134b) formed in said tank cap (23)
and a provisional fixing hole portion (136c) formed in said bracket
(136); and said tank cap (23) and said bracket (136) is coupled in
a state where they are caulked and provisionally fixed.
[0035] According to the means described above, the tank cap (23)
and the bracket (136) are provisionally fixed by caulking a pin
member (137) to a pin provisional fixing hole portion (134b) formed
in the tank cap (23) and to a pin provisional fixing hole portion
(136c) formed in the bracket (136). Therefore, provisional fixing
can be easily made without making the shape of the bracket (136)
more complicated.
[0036] As a result, the tank cap (23) and the bracket (136) can be
provisionally fixed without inviting a drop in the strength of the
bracket (136) and an increase in the production cost.
[0037] According to a fourth feature of the present invention, a
heat exchanger comprising a first heat exchanger (1) and a second
heat exchanger (2), wherein said first heat exchanger (1) includes:
a first core portion (13) having a plurality of first tubes (11)
through which a first fluid flows; a pair of first header tanks
(14, 15) arranged on both end sides of said first tubes (11) in a
longitudinal direction and communicating with said first tubes
(11); tank caps (23,138) closing the ends of said first header
tanks (14, 15) in the longitudinal direction; a bracket (136)
coupled with at least one of said tank caps (23, 138); and a pin
member (137) for provisionally fixing said tank cap (23) and said
bracket (136); and wherein said second heat exchanger (2) includes:
a second core portion (33) having a plurality of second tubes (31)
through which a second fluid flows; and a pair of second header
tanks (34, 35) arranged on both end sides of said second tubes (31)
in a longitudinal direction and communicating with said second
tubes (31); said pin member (137) being caulked and provisionally
fixed to a pin provisional fixing hole portion (34b) formed in said
tank cap (23) and to a pin provisional fixing hole portion (136c)
formed in said bracket (136); said tank cap (23) and said bracket
(23) being coupled with each other in a state where they are
caulked and provisionally fixed; said first heat exchanger (1) and
said second heat exchanger (2) being coupled in parallel with each
other through said bracket (136) with respect to a flow direction
of a third fluid that executes heat exchange with said first fluid
and said second fluid.
[0038] According to this method, as in the third feature of the
heat exchanger, the tank cap (23) of the first heat exchanger (1)
can be provisionally fixed to the bracket (136) without inviting a
drop in the strength of the bracket (136) and an increase in
production cost.
[0039] Because the first heat exchanger (1) and the second heat
exchanger (2) are coupled with each other through the bracket (136)
coupled to the tank cap (23), the first header tank (14, 15) and
the second header tank (34, 35) adjacent to each other can be
fastened and the fastening strength can be secured by reducing the
distance between the first heat exchanger (1) and the second heat
exchanger (2).
[0040] In the heat exchangers having the third and fourth features,
the tank cap (23, 138) may contain a tank cap (138) to which the
bracket (136) is not coupled.
[0041] Here, the tank cap (23) to which the bracket (136) is
coupled may be the one that is obtained by disposing a pin
provisional fixing hole portion (134b) in the tank cap (138) to
which the bracket (136) is not coupled.
[0042] According to this constitution, a mold used in the
production process of the tank cap (138) on which the bracket (136)
is not provided and a mold used in the production process of the
tank cap (138) can be used in common and the production cost can be
further reduced. Moreover, an assembly error can be prevented
because it is easy to distinguish whether or not the bracket (136)
is coupled depending on the existence/absence of the pin
provisional fixing hole portion (134b).
[0043] According to a fifth feature of the present invention, a
production method of a heat exchanger, further comprises: the first
step of caulking and provisionally fixing said pin member (137) to
a pin provisional fixing hole portion (134b) formed in said tank
cap (23) and to a pin provisional fixing hole portion (136c) formed
in said bracket (136); and the second step of coupling said tank
cap (23) and said bracket (136) under a state where they are
caulked and provisionally fixed.
[0044] According to this method, the heat exchanger having the
fourth feature can be produced.
[0045] Incidentally, the reference numerals in parentheses, to
denote the above means, are intended to show the relationship of
the specific means which will be described later in an embodiment
of the invention.
[0046] The present invention may be more fully understood from the
description of preferred embodiments of the invention set forth
below, together with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0047] FIG. 1 is an overall structural view of a heat exchanger
according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
[0048] FIG. 2 is a side view showing a fitting state of the heat
exchanger of the first embodiment of the invention to a
vehicle;
[0049] FIG. 3A is an overall front view of a tank cap of the first
embodiment of the invention;
[0050] FIG. 3B is a right side view of FIG. 3A and is a top view of
FIG. 3A;
[0051] FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along a line B-B of the cap
tank shown in FIG. 3A;
[0052] FIG. 5A is an overall front view of another tank cap
according to the first embodiment of the invention;
[0053] FIG. 5B is a top view of FIG. 5A;
[0054] FIG. 6 is an enlarged view showing principal portions of the
heat exchanger before provisional caulk-fixing;
[0055] FIG. 7 is an enlarged view showing the principal portions of
the heat exchanger after provisional caulk-fixing;
[0056] FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along a line D-D of the
principal portions of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 7;
[0057] FIG. 9 is an explanatory view useful for explaining
deformation of the heat exchanger after brazing;
[0058] FIG. 10A is an overall front view of a tank cap of a second
embodiment of the invention;
[0059] FIG. 10B is a top view of FIG. 3A;
[0060] FIG. 11A is an overall front view of a bracket of the second
embodiment of the invention;
[0061] FIG. 11B is a top view of FIG. 11A;
[0062] FIG. 11C is a top view of FIG. 11A;
[0063] FIG. 12A is an overall front view of a tank cap and a
bracket that are provisionally fixed according to the second
embodiment of the invention;
[0064] FIG. 12B is a top view of FIG. 12A;
[0065] FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along a line B'-B' of FIG.
12A;
[0066] FIG. 14A is an overall front view of another tank cap of the
second embodiment of the invention;
[0067] FIG. 14B is a top view of FIG. 14A;
[0068] FIG. 15 is an enlarged view showing principal portions of a
heat exchanger in a provisional fixing state; and
[0069] FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along a line H'-H' of the
principal portions of the hat exchanger shown in FIG. 15.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0070] To begin with, a first embodiment of the invention will be
explained.
[0071] FIG. 1 is an overall front view of a heat exchanger for a
hybrid vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
This heat exchanger is constituted by integrally combining a
condenser 1 for radiating heat of a high-temperature, high-pressure
refrigerant discharged from a compressor (not shown in the drawing)
in a vehicle air conditioner and a radiator 2, for electrical
components, for cooling electrical devices and components such as
an electric motor, an inverter and a generator (all of which are
not shown) for the hybrid vehicle.
[0072] Therefore, the condenser 1 is a first heat exchanger and the
radiator 2 for the electric components is a second heat exchanger
in this embodiment.
[0073] First, a vehicle mounting state of this heat exchanger will
be explained. The heat exchanger is coupled with a radiator 3 for
an engine as shown in FIG. 2 and is mounted to the vehicle rear
side of a radiator grill 5 and a bumper reinforcing member 6 below
a hood 4 as shown in FIG. 2.
[0074] The condenser 1 and the radiator 2 for the electric
components are constituted on substantially the same plane and are
juxtaposed with each other in an air flow direction (direction
indicated by arrow A in FIG. 2) and the radiator 2 for the-electric
components is positioned above the condenser 1.
[0075] The heat exchanger is arranged on the upstream side in the
air flow direction with respect to the radiator 3 for the engine
and is mounted in such a fashion that when the heat exchanger is
viewed from the air flow direction, it overlaps with the radiator 3
for the engine. An electric fan 7 for supplying cooling air to the
heat exchanger is arranged on the downstream side of the radiator 3
for the engine in the air flow direction.
[0076] Next, the condenser 1 and the radiator 2 for the electric
components will be explained. Incidentally, the terms "up" and
"down" and "front" and "rear" in the following explanation are
based on the vehicle mounting condition shown in FIG. 2.
[0077] In the condenser 1, to begin with, a large number of
refrigerant tubes 11 through which a refrigerant flows are stacked,
and fins 12 for promoting heat exchange between the refrigerant and
air are arranged between adjacent tubes 11. The refrigerant tubes
11 and the fins 12 constitute a substantially rectangular core
portion 13.
[0078] A first refrigerant header tank 14 for distributing the
refrigerant to the refrigerant tubes 11 and a second refrigerant
header tank 15 for gathering the refrigerant from the refrigerant
tubes 11 are arranged at both ends of the refrigerant tubes 11 in
the longitudinal direction.
[0079] These first and second refrigerant header tanks 14 and 15
have the same number of slits (not shown) as the slits of the
refrigerant tubes 11 and communicate with all the refrigerant tubes
11 through these slits.
[0080] A refrigerant inlet pipe 16 for allowing the refrigerant to
flow into the condenser 1 and a refrigerant outlet pipe 17 for
allowing the refrigerant to flow out from the condenser 1 are
provided on the first refrigerant header tank 14. A gas/liquid
separator 18 is arranged outside the second refrigerant header tank
15 (on the opposite side to the core portion 13). The gas/liquid
separator 18 is a receiver that can separate a gas-phase
refrigerant from a liquid-phase refrigerant and can store the
liquid-phase refrigerant.
[0081] Incidentally, the second refrigerant header tank 15 and the
gas/liquid separator 18 communicate with each other at two
positions through a plate 19 having two through-holes 19a and 19b.
The through-hole 19a is arranged above the through-hole 19b.
[0082] A first separator 14a is arranged at a lower position inside
the first refrigerant header tank 14 and a second separator 15a is
arranged at the same position as the first separator 14a inside the
second header tank 15. These first and second separators 14a and
15a divide the core portion 13 into two heat exchange portions.
[0083] The portion above the first and second separators 14a and
15a inside the core portion 13 is a condensation portion in which
the gas-phase refrigerant flowing in from the refrigerant inlet
pipe 16 is allowed to exchange heat with air and to condense the
refrigerant. The refrigerant flowing out from the condensation
portion 13a passes through the through-holes 19a of the plate 19
and flows into the gas/liquid separator 18.
[0084] Therefore, the refrigerant inlet pipe 16 is arranged above
the first separator 14a and the though-holes 19 are arranged above
the second separator 15a.
[0085] The portions below the first and second separators 14a and
15a in the core portion 13 are a super-cooling portion 13b for
allowing the liquid-phase refrigerant flowing in from the
gas/liquid separator 18 through the through-holes 19b to exchange
heat with air and to super-cool the liquid-phase refrigerant. The
refrigerant cooled in the super-cooling portion 13b flows out from
the refrigerant discharge port 17.
[0086] For this reason, the refrigerant outlet pipe 17 is arranged
below the first separator 14a and the through-hole 19b is arranged
below the second separator 15a.
[0087] In this heat exchanger, the super-cooling portion 13b is
arranged below the condensation portion 13a, the gas/liquid
separator 18 is arranged on the side of the condensation portion
13a and the super-cooling portion 13b, and the upper part of the
gas/liquid separator 18 protrudes upward from the upper end face of
the condensation portion 13a of the gas/liquid separator 18. A
bracket 20 for coupling with the radiator 2 for the electric
components is provided on the protruding portion from the upper end
face of the condensation portion 13a of the gas/liquid separator
18.
[0088] Side plates 21 that extend in parallel with the refrigerant
tubes 11 and reinforce the core portion 13 are arranged at both
ends of the refrigerant tubes 11 in the stacking direction. Two
brackets 22 for mounting the heat exchanger according to this
embodiment to the radiator for the engine are provided on the side
plate 21 on the lower side in the stacking direction of the
refrigerant tubes 11.
[0089] Tank caps for closing both ends of the respective header
tanks are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the first
refrigerant header tank 14 and the second refrigerant header tank
15, respectively. First, the tank cap 23 provided on the upper end
side of the first refrigerant header tank 14 will be explained with
reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
[0090] FIG. 3A is an overall front view of the tank cap 23, FIG. 3B
is its right-hand side view and FIG. 3C is a top view. FIG. 4 is a
sectional view taken along a line B-B of FIG. 3A. Incidentally, the
tank cap 23 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 represents the single body of
the tank cap 23 before it is arranged at the upper end of the first
refrigerant header tank 14.
[0091] First, the tank cap 23 includes a tank closing portion 24, a
cap extension portion 25 and a bracket portion 26. Therefore, the
tank cap 23 is a tank cap with a bracket in this embodiment.
[0092] The tank closing portion 24 and the cap extension portion 25
have substantially flat sheet-like shapes and are constituted
integrally. The tank closing portion 24 closes the upper end of the
first refrigerant header tank 14. The cap extension portion 25
extends from the tank closing portion 24 in such a manner as to
overlap with the side plate 21 on the upper end side of the core
portion 13, and is coupled with the side plate 21.
[0093] The tank closing portion 24 has a positioning flange 24a for
positioning the tank cap 23 and the first refrigerant header tank
14 and provisionally fixing them. The positioning flanges 24a are
disposed at three positions in such a manner that they can clamp
the upper end portion of the first refrigerant header tank 14 from
the outer peripheral side.
[0094] The cap extension portion 25 has a positioning flange 25a
for positioning and provisionally fixing the tank cap 23 and the
side plate 21. The positioning flanges 25a are disposed at two
positions in such a manner that they can clamp the side plate 21 in
the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, the cap extension portion
25 has pawl portions 25b for caulking and provisionally fixing the
side plate 21 from the longitudinal direction at two positions.
[0095] The bracket portion 26 is for coupling the condenser 1 to
the radiator 2 for the electric components and has a coupling
surface portion 26a coupled with the tank closing portion 24 and a
fitting surface portion 26b to which the radiator for the electric
components is fitted. The coupling surface portion 26a and the
fitting surface portion 26b have a positional relation such that
they cross each other substantially orthogonally on the front
surface side of the condenser 1. The bracket portion 26 is
substantially L-shaped as viewed from the side of the evaporator 1
as shown in FIG. 3B.
[0096] In this embodiment, the tank closing portion 24 has a
through-hole 24b for pin caulking and the bracket portion 26 has a
through-hole 26c for pin caulking as shown in FIG. 4. A pin 27
inserted into these through-holes 24b and 26c is applied with a
load and caulked from the vertical direction to thereby couple the
tank closing portion 24 and the bracket portion 26.
[0097] Though the tank closing portion 24 and the bracket portion
26 are caulked and coupled through the pin 27 in this embodiment,
the tank closing portion 24 and the bracket portion 26 may be
coupled by other means. Furthermore, the tank closing portion 24
and the bracket portion 26 may be integrally constituted by cutting
work, for example.
[0098] Next, the tank caps 28 disposed at the lower end of the
first refrigerant header tank 14 and the upper and lower ends of
the second refrigerant header tank 15 will be explained with
reference to FIG. 5. Each tank cap 28 only closes the end portion
of the respective refrigerant header tank.
[0099] FIG. 5A is an overall front view of the tank cap 28 and FIG.
5B is its top view. The tank cap 28 includes a tank closing portion
28a and a cap extension portion 28b similar to those the tank cap
23 but does not have a bracket portion. Incidentally, the tank cap
28 in FIG. 5 represents the single body of the tank cap 28 before
it is provided on the refrigerant header tank.
[0100] The tank closing portion 28a has positioning flanges 28c
similar to the tank cap 23 at three positions but does not have a
through-hole for pin caulking. Furthermore, the cap extension
portion 28b has positioning flanges 28d similar to those of the
tank cap 23 but does not have pawl portions for caulking and
provisionally fixing to the side plate 21 from the longitudinal
direction.
[0101] The condenser 1 has the constitution described above. In
this embodiment, all the constituent components of the condenser 1
are formed of an aluminum alloy and are integrally coupled by
brazing.
[0102] Here, the term "brazing" means a bonding technology using a
brazing material or a solder without melting a base metal. Bonding
at a melting point of higher than 450.degree. C. by using a filler
metal (brazing material), in particular, is referred to as
"brazing" and coupling at a melting point of lower than 450.degree.
C. by using a filler metal (brazing material), in particular, is
referred to as "soldering". In this embodiment, "soldering" is used
for integral coupling as will be later described.
[0103] Next, in the radiator 2 for the electric components, a large
number of cooling water tubes 31, through which cooling water
flows, are stacked and fins 32 for promoting the heat exchange
between cooling water and air are arranged between adjacent cooling
tubes 31. The cooling water tubes 31 and the fins 32 together
constitute a substantially rectangular core portion 33.
[0104] A first cooling water header tank 34 for distributing
cooling water to the cooling water tubes 31 and a second cooling
header tank 15 for gathering cooling water from the cooling water
tubes 3, each communicating with all the cooling water tubes 31,
are arranged at both ends of the cooling tubes 31 in the
longitudinal direction.
[0105] These first and second cooling water header tanks 34 and 35
have the same number of slits (not shown) as the slits of the
cooling water tubes 31 and communicate with all the cooling water
tubes 31 through these slits.
[0106] A cooling water inlet pipe 36 for allowing cooling water to
flow into the radiator 2 for the electric components is disposed in
the first cooling water header tank 34 and a cooling water outlet
pipe 37 for allowing cooling water to flow out from inside the
radiator 2 for the electric components and an air vent valve 38 are
provided on the second cooling water header tank 35.
[0107] A screw hole (not shown) for coupling the condenser 1 with
the radiator 2 for the electric components through the bracket
portion 26 of the tank cap 23 of the condenser 1 is disposed below
the first cooling water header tank 34. A screw hole (not shown)
for coupling the condenser 1 with the radiator 2 for the electric
components through the bracket 20 of the gas/liquid separator 18 of
the condenser 1 is disposed below the second cooling water header
tank 35.
[0108] Side plates 39 extending in parallel with the cooling water
tubes 31 and reinforcing the core portion 33 are arranged at both
ends of the cooling water tubes 31 in the stacking direction. Two
fitting brackets 40 for fitting the radiator 2 for the electric
components to the radiator 3 for the engine are arranged on the
side plate 39 on the upper side of the cooling water tubes 31 in
the stacking direction.
[0109] Tank caps (not shown) for closing both ends of the
respective header tanks are arranged at the upper and lower ends of
the first and second cooling water header tanks 34 and 35,
respectively.
[0110] The radiator 2 for the electric components has the
constitution described above. In this embodiment, all the
constituent components of the radiator 2 for the electric
components are formed of an aluminum alloy and are integrally
coupled by brazing in the same way as the condenser 1. In this
embodiment, the constituent components are integrally coupled by
brazing as will be later described.
[0111] A bolt 41 penetrating through the bracket portion 26 of the
tank cap 23 is fastened to the screw hole formed in the first
cooling water header tank 34 and a bolt 42 penetrating through the
bracket 20 of the gas/liquid separator 18 is further fastened to
the screw hole formed in the second cooling water header tank 35 so
that the condenser 1 and the radiator 2 for the electric components
can be integrated with each other.
[0112] The heat exchanger having the constitution described above
is mounted to the vehicle as shown in FIG. 2. When the electric fan
7 is operated and air is allowed to flow into the engine room from
the radiator grill 5, the flowing air passes through the condenser
1 and the radiator 2 for the electric components.
[0113] In this instance, the condenser 1 causes the
high-temperature/high-pressure refrigerant ejected from the
compressor 1 to exchange heat with air to cool and condense the
refrigerant. The radiator 2 for the electric components causes
cooling water, the temperature of which rises after cooling the
electric components, to exchange heat with the air and cools the
cooling water.
[0114] Next, the production process of the heat exchanger according
to the invention will be explained. The evaporator 1 and the
radiator 2 for the electric components are separately produced and
are then coupled integrally with each other as described above.
Therefore, the production process of the evaporator 1 will be first
explained.
[0115] In the production process of the evaporator 1, the condenser
1 is assembled by inserting a large number of refrigerant tubes 11
into the slit holes formed in the first and second refrigerant
header tanks 14 and 15 and sandwiching the fins 12 between the
refrigerant tubes 11.
[0116] The side plate 21 is arranged on the refrigerant tube 11 of
the uppermost stage through the side plate 21 and the side plate 21
is also arranged below the refrigerant tube 11 of the lowermost
stage through the fin 12. The side plates 21 are provisionally
fixed by a wire 43 as shown in FIG. 9 lest they are deviated in the
vertical direction. Incidentally, FIG. 9 explains deformation of
the evaporator after brazing as will be later described and does
not represent the provisional fixing state under this
condition.
[0117] The refrigerant inlet pipe 16 and the refrigerant outlet
pipe 17 are provisionally fixed to the first refrigerant header
tank 14 by caulking at the through-hole positions formed in advance
in the first refrigerant header tank 14. The first separator 14a is
provisionally fixed at a predetermined position inside the first
refrigerant header tank 14.
[0118] On the other hand, the plate 19 and the gas/liquid separator
18 is provisionally fixed by caulking to the second refrigerant
header tank 15 in such a fashion as to mate with the through-hole
positions disposed in advance in the second refrigerant header tank
15.
[0119] Further, the bracket 22 for fitting the radiator 3 for the
engine is provisionally fixed by caulking to the side plate 21 on
the lower side.
[0120] In this state, all the components are held from both right
and left sides by a dedicated jig lest they are deviated. The tank
cap 23 is provisionally fixed to the upper end of the first
refrigerant header tank 14 and the tank cap 28 is provisionally
fixed to the lower end of the first refrigerant header tank 14 and
to the upper and lower ends of the second refrigerant header tank
15.
[0121] More concretely, the upper end of the first refrigerant
header tank 14 is clamped by the positioning flange 24 of the tank
cap 23 and the side plate 21 is clamped and provisionally caulked
for fixing by the positioning flange 25a. The upper and lower ends
of the header tanks 14 and 15 are clamped by the positioning flange
28c of the tank cap 28 and the side plate 21 is clamped and
provisionally caulked for fixing by the positioning flange 28d.
[0122] The pawl potion 25b of the tank cap 23 arranged at the upper
edge of the first refrigerant header tank 14 is caulked to the side
plate 21. FIGS. 6 and 7 show, enlarged, portions in proximity with
the tank cap 23 (C portion in FIG. 1), whereby FIG. 6 shows the
pawl portion 25b before caulking and FIG. 7 shows the pawl portion
25c after caulking. Dash line represents the radiator 2 for the
electric components for reference. Furthermore, FIG. 8 is a
sectional view taken along a line D-D in FIG. 7 and shows the state
after the pawl portion 25b is caulked.
[0123] As shown in FIG. 8, the pawl portion 25b is bent in such a
manner as to extend below the side plate 21 along the outer edge
shape of the side plate 21 and is caulked. Consequently, the
movement of the tank cap 23 in the axial direction of the header
tank 14 and in the vertical direction of the core portion 13 can be
restricted and provisional fixing by caulking stronger than
provisional fixing by the positioning flanges 24a and 25a becomes
possible.
[0124] Incidentally, the condenser 1 according to this embodiment
is provisionally fixed by a wire 43. Each constituent component is
provisionally fixed with a predetermined tension and each
constituent component can keep the provisional fixing state even
when it undergoes thermal expansion as it is heated during
brazing.
[0125] Consequently, the amount of shrinkage becomes different when
each constituent component is cooled after brazing and undergoes
shrinkage. In other words, the amount of shrinkage is different
between the portion that is restricted by the wire 43 and the
portion that is not. For example, the portion of the evaporator 1
of this embodiment on the center side of the heat exchanger shrinks
in such a manner as to be recessed in the directions F and G
indicated by arrows. The dashed line in FIG. 9 represents the shape
before deformation and the solid line represents the shape after
deformation.
[0126] The amount of shrinkage becomes larger than the expansion
amount at the portion restricted by the wire 43 owing to the
restriction force of the wire 43. Therefore, when the tank cap 23
is provisionally fixed on the center side of the side plate 21, the
positioning error of the tank cap 23 is more likely to occur with
the deformation of the side plate 21 after brazing.
[0127] Therefore, the caulking position of the pawl portion 25b is
set to a position within 5 mm from the joint portion of the side
plate 21 with the first refrigerant header tank 14 in this
embodiment. In detail, the distance E shown in FIG. 7, that is, the
distance from the joint portion of the side plate 21 with the first
refrigerant header tank 14 to the center position of the pawl 25b,
may well be 5 mm or less.
[0128] In this state, all the constituent components are heated to
about 600.degree. C., by heating means, to melt the brazing
material clad in advance to the surface of each constituent
component. When cooling is done until the brazing material is
solidified, the constituent components are integrally brazed and
the evaporator 1 is produced.
[0129] Next, in the production process of the radiator 2 for the
electric components, a large number of cooling water tubes 31 are
fitted into the slit holes formed in the first cooling water header
tank 34 and the second cooling water header tank 35 in the same way
as in the production process of the condenser 1 and the fins 32 are
sandwiched between the adjacent cooling water tubes 31 to assemble
the radiator 2 for the electric components.
[0130] The side plate 39 is arranged on the cooling water tube 31
of the uppermost stage through the fins 32 and the side plate 39 is
arranged below the cooling water tube 31 of the lowermost stage
through the fins 32. These members are fixed by the wire lest they
move in the vertical direction, in the same way as in the
evaporator 1.
[0131] The cooling water inlet pipe 36 is provisionally fixed by
caulking to the position of the communication hole that is formed
in the first cooling water header tank 34, and the cooling water
outlet pipe 37 and the air vent valve 38 are provisionally fixed by
caulking to the position of the communication hole that is formed
in the second cooling water header tank 35.
[0132] The bracket 22 for fitting to the engine radiator 3 is
provisionally fixed by caulking to the side plate on the upper end
side 39. In this state, the side plate 39 is fixed by the dedicated
jig from both right and left sides lest it is deviated.
[0133] Next, the tank caps for the cooling water header tanks 34
and 35 are provisionally fixed to the upper and lower ends of the
cooling water header tanks 34 and 35 in the same way as the
condenser 1. Each constituent component is brazed in this state and
the radiator 2 for the electric components is produced.
[0134] Next, the condenser 1 and the radiator 2 for the electric
components that are separately produced as described above are
coupled with each other by fastening the bolt 41 penetrating
through the bracket portion 26 of the tank cap 23 to the screw hole
formed in the first cooling water header tank 34 and the bolt 42
penetrating through the bracket 20 of the gas/liquid separator 18
to the screw hole formed in the second cooling water header tank
35. In this way the heat exchanger according to this embodiment is
produced.
[0135] In the condenser 1 of the heat exchanger according to this
embodiment, the pawl portion 25b disposed on the tank cap 23 is
strongly and provisionally fixed in such a manner as to encompass
the outer peripheral side of the side plate 21 as described above.
Therefore, the provisional fixing state of the tank cap 23 can be
kept at the time of brazing without inviting an increase in
production cost and the tank cap 23 can be bonded to the upper end
of the first refrigerant header tank 14.
[0136] The pawl portion 25b is provisionally fixed to the portion
in proximity with the bond portion between the side plate 21 and
the first refrigerant header tank 14 where the amount of
deformation after brazing is small. Consequently, a positioning
error of the tank cap 23 after brazing can be prevented. As a
result, brazing quality defects such as the positioning error of
the bracket portion 26 and liquid leakage from the bonding portion
between the tank cap 23 and the first refrigerant header tank 14
can be effectively prevented.
[0137] Furthermore, the header tanks in proximity with the
condenser 1 and the radiator 2 for the electric components are
fastened to each other through the bracket portion 26 disposed on
the tank caps 23. Consequently, it becomes possible to shorten the
distance between the condenser 1 and the radiator 2 for the
electric components and to secure the fastening strength.
[0138] Next, the second embodiment of the present invention will be
explained.
[0139] FIG. 10A is an overall front view of the tank cap 23 and
FIG. 10B is its top view. Incidentally, the tank cap 23 shown in
FIGS. 10A and 10B represents the single body of the tank cap 23
before it is arranged on the upper end side of the first
refrigerant header tank 14. The tank cap 23 closes the upper end
portion of the first refrigerant header tank 14 and the bracket 136
for fitting is bonded to the tank cap 23.
[0140] The tank cap 23 includes a tank closing portion 134 and a
cap extension portion 135. The tank closing portion 134 and the cap
extension portion 135 are integrally constituted into a
substantially flat sheet-like shape. The tank closing portion 134
closes the upper end of the first refrigerant header tank 14. The
cap extension portion 135 extends from the tank closing portion 134
in such a manner as to overlap with the side plate 21 on the upper
end side of the core portion 13, and is coupled to the side plate
21.
[0141] The tank closing portion 24 has a positioning flange 134a
for positioning the tank cap 23 and the first refrigerant header
tank 14 and provisionally fixing them. The positioning flanges 134a
are disposed at three positions in such a manner that they can
clamp the upper end portion of the first refrigerant header tank 14
from the outer peripheral side. A pin provisional fixing hole
portion 134b, as a through-hole to which a later-appearing pin
member 137 is caulked, is formed at a substantial center of the
tank closing portion 134.
[0142] The cap extension portion 135 has a positioning flange 135a
for positioning and provisionally fixing the tank cap 23 and the
side plate 21. The positioning flanges 135a are disposed at two
positions in such a manner that they can clamp the side plate 21
from the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, the cap extension
portion 135 has pawl portions 135b for caulking and provisionally
fixing the side plate 21 from the longitudinal direction at two
positions.
[0143] Next, the bracket 136 disposed at the upper part of the tank
closing portion 134 of the cap 23 will be explained with reference
to FIG. 11. FIG. 11A is an overall front view of the bracket 136,
FIG. 11B is its top view and FIG. 11C is a right-hand side view.
Incidentally, the bracket 136 shown in FIG. 11 represents a single
body of the bracket 136 before it is disposed on the tank cap
23.
[0144] The bracket 136 is for coupling the condenser 1 with the
radiator 2 for the electric components and has a coupling surface
portion 136a coupled with the tank closing portion 134 and a
fitting surface portion 136b to which the radiator 2 for the
electric components is fitted. The coupling surface portion 136a
has a pin provisional fixing hole 136c as a through-hole to which a
later-appearing pin member 137 is caulked.
[0145] The coupling surface portion 136a and the fitting surface
portion 136b have a positional relation such that they cross each
other substantially orthogonally on the front surface side of the
condenser 1. The bracket portion 136 is substantially L-shaped as
viewed from the side of the evaporator 1 as shown in FIG. 11C.
[0146] In this embodiment, the tank cap 23 and the bracket 136 are
coupled with each other in the provisional fixing state
(sub-assembled state) as will be described later. Provisional
fixing of the tank cap 23 and the bracket 136 will be explained
with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. FIG. 12A is an overall front
view of the tank cap 23 and the bracket 136 in the provisional
fixing state, FIG. 12B is its top view and FIG. 13 is a sectional
view taken along a line B'-B' of FIG. 12A.
[0147] Incidentally, dash line in FIG. 13 represents, for
reference, the positional relationship between the evaporator 1 and
the radiator 2 for the electric components coupled with each other
through the bracket 136.
[0148] The tank cap 23 and the bracket 136 are provisionally fixed
as the pin member 137 is caulked as shown in FIG. 13. More
concretely, the pin member 137 is inserted into the pin provisional
fixing hole portion 134b of the tank cap 23 and into the pin
provisional fixing hole 136c of the bracket 136 and in this state,
a load is applied from the outer peripheral side at the end in the
vertical direction of the pin member 137 so that the pin member 137
undergoes plastic deformation and is provisionally fixed.
[0149] Because the load is applied to the pin member 137 from the
direction indicated by arrows C', D', E' and F' in this embodiment,
the pin member 137 can simultaneously caulk and provisionally fix
the pin provisional fixing hole portion 134b of the tank cap 23 and
the pin provisional fixing hole 136 of the bracket 136.
[0150] Next, the tank caps 138 arranged at the lower end of the
first refrigerant header tank 14 and the upper and lower ends of
the second refrigerant header tank 15 will be explained with
reference to FIG. 14. FIG. 14A is an overall front view of the tank
cap 138 and FIG. 14B is its top view. Incidentally, the tank cap
138 shown in FIG. 14 represents the tank cap 138 in the single body
state before it is fitted to the lower end of the first refrigerant
header tank 14 and to the upper and lower ends of the second
refrigerant header tank 15.
[0151] The tank cap 138 closes the lower end of the first
refrigerant header tank 14 and the upper and lower ends of the
second refrigerant header tank 15. However, the bracket for fitting
is not coupled.
[0152] The tank cap 138 includes a tank closing portion 138a and a
cap extension portion 138b. The tank closing portion 138a has
positioning flange portions 138 at three positions in the same way
as the tank closing portion 134 of the tank cap 23 but does not
have the pin provisional fixing hole portion.
[0153] The cap extension portion 138b has entirely the same
constitution as the cap extension portion 135 of the tank cap 23
and includes a positioning flange 138d for positioning and
provisional fixing and a pawl portion 139 for caulking and
provisional fixing. Therefore, the tank cap 23 and the tank cap 138
are different from each other in only whether or not they have the
pin provisional fixing hole portion. In other words, the tank cap
23 is formed by providing the pin provisional fixing hole portion
134 to the tank cap 138.
[0154] The condenser 1 has the constitution described above and all
the constituent components of the condenser 1 are formed of an
aluminum alloy and are integrally coupled by brazing.
[0155] Next, the production of the heat exchanger according to the
invention will be explained. The evaporator 1 and the radiator 2
for the electric components are separately produced and are then
coupled integrally with each other as described above. Therefore,
the production process of the evaporator 1 will be first
explained.
[0156] In the production process of the evaporator 1, the condenser
1 is assembled by inserting a large number of refrigerant tubes 11
into the slit holes formed in the first and second refrigerant
header tanks 14 and 15 and sandwiching the fins 12 between the
refrigerant tubes 11. The side plate 21 is arranged on the
refrigerant tube 11 of the uppermost stage through the fins 12 and
the side plate 21 is arranged below the refrigerant tube 11 of the
lowermost stage through the fins 12.
[0157] In this state, a wire (jig) is wound at a predetermined
tension from the outer peripheral side of the side plate 21 and is
provisionally fixed to prevent deviation in the vertical
direction.
[0158] The refrigerant inlet pipe 16 and the refrigerant outlet
pipe 17 are provisionally fixed to the first refrigerant header
tank 14 by caulking at the through-hole positions formed in advance
in the first refrigerant header tank 14. The first separator 14a is
provisionally fixed at a predetermined position inside the first
refrigerant header tank 14.
[0159] On the other hand, the plate 19 and the gas/liquid separator
18 are provisionally fixed by caulking to the second refrigerant
header tank 15 in such a fashion as to mate with the through-hole
positions disposed in advance in the second refrigerant header tank
15. The second separator 15a is provisionally fixed at a
predetermined position inside the second refrigerant header tank
15. Further, the bracket 22 for fitting the radiator 3 for the
engine is provisionally fixed by caulking to the side plate 21 on
the lower side.
[0160] In this state, all the components are held from both right
and left sides by a dedicated jig lest they are deviated.
Simultaneously with the production steps described above, the tank
cap 23 and the bracket 136 are assembled into the sub-assembly by
the pin member 137 as described already. The formation of this
sub-assembly may be executed at any time before the tank cap 23 is
provisionally fixed to the upper end of the first refrigerant
header tank 14.
[0161] Next, the tank cap 23 is provisionally fixed to the upper
end of the first refrigerant header tank 14 and the tank caps 138
are provisionally fixed to the lower end of the first refrigerant
header tank 14 and the upper and lower ends of the second
refrigerant header tank 15.
[0162] More concretely, the tank cap 23 is provisionally fixed to
the upper end of the first refrigerant header tank 14 as shown in
FIGS. 15 and 16. FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of a portion in
proximity with the tank cap 23 (C portion in FIG. 1) and dash line
represents the radiator 2 for the electric components that is shown
for reference. FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along a line H'-H'
in FIG. 15.
[0163] First, the upper end of the first refrigerant header tank 14
is clamped by the positioning flange 134a of the tank cap 23 and
the side plate 21 is clamped by the positioning flange 135a.
Further, as shown in FIG. 16, the pawl portion 135b is caulked in
such a manner as to extend below the side plate 21 along the outer
edge shape of the side plate 21. The pawl portion 135b achieves
stronger provisional fixing than when clamping is done by the
positioning flanges 134a and 135a alone.
[0164] As for the tank cap 138, too, the end portions of the header
tanks 14 and 15 and the side plate 21 are clamped by the
positioning flanges 138c and 138d in entirely the same way and the
tank cap 138 is caulked and provisionally fixed to the side plate
21 by the pawl portion 139.
[0165] In this state, the entire constituent components are heated
to about 600.degree. C., by heating means, to melt the brazing
material clad in advance to the surface of each constituent
component. When cooling is done until the brazing material is again
solidified, the constituent components are integrally brazed and
the evaporator 1 is produced.
[0166] Incidentally, the brazing material is clad to a thickness of
about 0.15 mm on the side of the tank closing portion 134 of the
coupling surface portion 136a of the bracket 136 and the brazing
material is clad to a thickness of about 0.075 mm on the side of
the coupling surface portion 136a of the bracket 136 of the tank
cap 23. In this way, the tank cap 23 and the bracket 136 can be
satisfactorily brazed.
[0167] Next, in the production process of the radiator 2 for the
electric components, the radiator 2 is assembled by inserting a
large number of cooling water tubes 31 into the slit holes formed
in the first and second cooling water header tanks 34 and 35 and
sandwiching the fins 32 between the cooling water tubes 31. These
members are provisionally fixed by a wire lest they are deviated in
the vertical direction in the same way as the evaporator 1.
[0168] The refrigerant inlet pipe 36 is provisionally fixed to the
first refrigerant header tank 34 by caulking at the through-hole
positions formed in advance in the first cooling water header tank
34 and the cooling water outlet pipe 37 and the air vent valve 38
are provisionally fixed to the second cooling water header tank 35
by caulking at the through-hole positions formed in advance in the
second cooling water header tank 35.
[0169] The bracket 40 for fitting the radiator 3 for the engine is
provisionally fixed by caulking to the side plate 39 on the upper
end side. In this state, the members are held by a dedicated jig,
from both the right and the left sides, to prevent deviation.
[0170] Next, the tank caps for the cooling water header tanks 34
and 35 are provisionally fixed to the upper and lower ends of these
cooling water header tanks 34 and 35 in the same way as the
condenser 1. In this state, each constituent component is brazed
and the radiator 2 for the electric components is produced.
[0171] Next, the condenser 1 and the radiator 2 for the electric
components that are separately produced as described above are
integrated by fastening the bolt 41 penetrating through the bracket
portion 138 of the tank cap 23 to the screw hole formed in the
first cooling water header tank 34 and further fastening the bolt
42 penetrating through the bracket 20 to the screw hole formed in
the second cooling water header tank 35. In this way the heat
exchanger according to this embodiment is produced.
[0172] In the heat exchanger according to the embodiment described
above, the tank cap 23 to which the bracket 136 is provisionally
fixed by the pin member 137 is provisionally fixed to the upper end
of the fist refrigerant header tan 14 and is brazed simultaneously
with the evaporator 1. Therefore, the bracket 136 can be provided
on the tank cap 23 without inviting an increase in production cost
of the evaporator 1.
[0173] The bracket 136 and the tank cap 23 are provisionally fixed
(sub-assembled) by caulking the pin member 137. Therefore,
provisional fixing can be made without making the shape of the
bracket complicated and without inviting a drop in the strength,
and an increase in the cost necessary for provisional fixing can be
limited.
[0174] The tank cap 23 is obtained by forming the provisional
fixing hole 134b in the tank cap 138. Therefore, the mold used for
producing the tank cap 23 and the mold used for producing the tank
cap 138 can be used in common and the production cost can be
further reduced. Moreover, the tank cap 23 and the tank cap 138 can
be easily distinguished by the existence or absence of the pin
provisional fixing hole.
[0175] Further, the bracket 136 is arranged on the tank cap 23 and
the adjacent header tanks of the condenser 1 and the radiator 2 for
the electric components are fastened with each other through the
bracket 136. Therefore, the distance between the condenser 1 and
the radiator 2 for the electric components can be reduced and the
fastening strength can be secured.
[0176] Finally, other embodiments of the invention will be
explained.
[0177] (1) In the foregoing embodiments, the examples of the heat
exchanger formed by integrating a plurality of heat exchangers
having the condenser 1 and the radiator 2 for the electric
components coupled with each other has been explained. However, the
combination of a plurality of heat exchangers is not limited
thereto. For example, the heat exchanger may well be the one that
integrates the condenser 1 with an oil cooler for cooling oil.
[0178] (2) The foregoing embodiments employs a sub-cool-type
condenser for super-cooling the liquid-phase refrigerant for the
condenser 1 but a condenser not having the super-cooling portion
13b and the gas/liquid separator 18 may be used.
[0179] (3) In the foregoing embodiments, the tank cap 23 in which
the bracket 24 is provisionally fixed to only the upper end of the
first refrigerant header tank is coupled but the portion where the
tank cap having the bracket provisionally fixed thereto is not
limited to the upper end of the first refrigerant header tank.
[0180] When the length of the evaporator 1 in the transverse
direction is equal to the length of the radiator 2 for the electric
components in the transverse direction, for example, the tank caps
having the bracket provisionally fixed thereto are coupled and the
evaporator 1 and the radiator 2 for the electric components may be
integrated by utilizing these two brackets.
[0181] Furthermore, the tank caps having brackets provisionally
fixed thereto may be coupled to the lower ends of the first and
second refrigerant header tanks 14 and 15. The condenser 1 and the
radiator 3 for the engine may be coupled by using these two
brackets. They may also be used as the brackets for directly fixing
to the vehicle.
[0182] (4) In the foregoing embodiments, the constituent components
such as the refrigerant inlet pipe 16 and the refrigerant outlet
pipe 17 are first fixed provisionally and are then integrally
brazed but the constituent components are not limited to those
which are used in the foregoing embodiments. Those constituent
components which become necessary depending on the kind and
application of the heat exchanger and which can be brazed may be
provisionally fixed by caulking and may be then integrally
brazed.
[0183] (5) The foregoing embodiments represent the example of the
application of the present invention to the heat exchanger for the
vehicle but the invention can be applied to heat exchangers in
general without being limited to the vehicle heat exchangers as
long as they are in conformity with the gist of the invention.
[0184] While the invention has been described by reference to
specific embodiments chosen for purposes of illustration, it should
be apparent that numerous modifications could be made thereto, by
those skilled in the art, without departing from the basic concept
and scope of the invention.
* * * * *