U.S. patent application number 11/530203 was filed with the patent office on 2007-03-15 for child resistant blister package.
Invention is credited to Steve Jones.
Application Number | 20070056876 11/530203 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37517174 |
Filed Date | 2007-03-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070056876 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Jones; Steve |
March 15, 2007 |
Child Resistant Blister Package
Abstract
An exemplary blister package includes a blank having a face
panel with blister and finger apertures, a center panel with gates
and finger tabs, and a back panel with pull tabs and tear strips. A
blister pack is positioned between the face panel and center panel
so that each blister is positioned within a respective blister
aperture. During assembly, the center and back panels are folded
such that each gate and tear strip aligns with a respective
blister, and each pull tab and finger tab aligns with a respective
finger aperture. The respective panels and elements are bonded
except for the tear strips and gates. To remove an item from a
blister, the pull tab is pressed out of the panel, the tear strip
is peeled from the back panel, and pressure is applied to force the
item through the backing sheet of the blister pack and the exposed
gate.
Inventors: |
Jones; Steve; (Elon,
NC) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MEADWESTVACO CORPORATION;ALEXANDRA B. URBAN,ESQ.
299 PARK AVENUE, 13TH FLOOR
NEW YORK
NY
10171
US
|
Family ID: |
37517174 |
Appl. No.: |
11/530203 |
Filed: |
September 8, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60717129 |
Sep 14, 2005 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
206/531 ;
206/538 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D 2575/3236 20130101;
B65D 2215/04 20130101; B65D 75/327 20130101; B65D 83/0463 20130101;
B65D 2585/56 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
206/531 ;
206/538 |
International
Class: |
B65D 83/04 20060101
B65D083/04; B65D 85/42 20060101 B65D085/42 |
Claims
1. A blank for forming a package for use with a blister pack, the
blank comprising: a first panel including at least one blister
aperture and means for identifying an underlying finger tab; a
second panel including at least one gate defined at least in part
by a severance line and at least one finger tab defined at least in
part by a severance line; a third panel including at least one tab
strip having a pull tab and a tear strip; and wherein said panels
are arranged such that said at least one blister aperture and said
at least one gate and said at least one tear strip are
operationally aligned, and said means for identifying an underlying
finger tab and said finger tab and said pull tab are operationally
aligned.
2. The blank of claim 1, wherein said first panel is secured to at
least one of said second and said third panels.
3. The blank of claim 2 further comprising means for adhesion, such
that said at least one gate and said at least one tear strip are
not substantially connected.
4. The blank of claim 1, wherein said means for identifying an
underlying finger tab is a tactile indicator.
5. The blank of claim 1, wherein said means for identifying an
underlying finger tab is a visual indicator.
6. The blank of claim 1, wherein said at least one finger tab is
removable from said second panel.
7. The blank of claim 1, wherein said pull tab is removable from
said third panel.
8. The blank of claim 1, wherein said tear strip is at least
partially removable from said third panel.
9. The blank of claim 1, wherein said at least one gate is at least
partially removable from said second panel.
10. A blank for forming a package for use with a blister pack, the
blank comprising: a first panel including at least one gate defined
at least in part by a severance line and means for identifying an
underlying pull tab; a second panel including at least one tab
strip having a pull tab and a tear strip, wherein said pull tab is
removable and said tear strip is at least partially removable from
said second panel; means for adhesion positioned such that said at
least one gate and said at least one tear strip are not
substantially connected; and, wherein said panels are secured to
each other such that said gate and said at least one tear strip are
operationally aligned, and said means for identifying an underlying
pull tab and said pull tab are operationally aligned.
11. The blank of claim 10, wherein said means for identifying an
underlying pull tab is a tactical indicator.
12. The blank of claim 10, wherein said means for identifying an
underlying pull tab is a visual indicator.
13. The blank of claim 10, wherein said at least one gate is at
least partially removable from said first panel.
14. A package, comprising: a first panel including at least one
blister aperture and means for identifying an underlying finger
tab; a second panel including at least one gate defined at least in
part by a severance line and at least one finger tab defined at
least in part by a severance line; a third panel including at least
one tab strip having a pull tab and a tear strip; a blister pack
having at least one blister holding at least one item, positioned
such that said at least one blister extends through said at least
one blister aperture; and wherein said panel are arranged such that
said at least one blister and said at least one gate and said at
least one tear strip are operationally aligned, and said means for
identifying an underlying finger tab and said finger tab and said
pull tab are operationally aligned.
15. The blank of claim 14, wherein said first panel is secured to
at least one of said second and said third panels.
16. The blank of claim 15 further comprising means for adhesion,
such that said at least one gate and said at least one tear strip
are not substantially connected.
17. The blank of claim 14, wherein said means for identifying an
underlying finger tab is a tactile indicator.
18. The blank of claim 14, wherein said means for identifying an
underlying finger tab is a visual indicator.
19. The blank of claim 14, wherein said at least one finger tab is
removable from said second panel.
20. The blank of claim 14, wherein said pull tab is removable from
said third panel.
21. The blank of claim 14, wherein said tear strip is at least
partially removable from said third panel.
22. The blank of claim 14, wherein said at least one gate is at
least partially removable from said second panel.
23. A blank for forming a package for use with a blister pack, the
blank comprising: a first panel including at least one gate defined
at least in part by a severance line and means for identifying an
underlying pull tab; a blister pack having at least one blister
holding at least one item, attached to said first panel and
positioned such that said at least one blister is operationally
aligned with said at least one gate; a second panel including at
least one tab strip having a pull tab and a tear strip, wherein
said pull tab is removable and said tear strip is at least
partially removable from said second panel; means for adhesion,
such that said at least one gate and said at least one tear strip
are not substantially connected; and, wherein said panels are
secured to each other such that said at least one gate and said at
least one tear strip are operationally aligned, and said means for
identifying an underlying pull tab and said pull tab are
operationally aligned.
24. The blank of claim 23, wherein said means for identifying an
underlying pull tab is a tactical indicator.
25. The blank of claim 23, wherein said means for identifying an
underlying pull tab is a visual indicator.
26. The blank of claim 23, wherein said at least one gate is at
least partially removable from said first panel.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/717,129 filed Sep. 14, 2005, the entirety of
which is herein incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to apparatus and methods of
packaging and dispensing items, and more specifically, the present
invention is directed to a child-resistant package including a
blister pack for dispensing items.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] It is well known to use blister packaging to store and
deliver items. Such items may include pharmaceutical tablets,
pills, and capsules. Conventional blister packages include a
blister tray that is typically a thermo-formed plastic sheet having
a plurality of blister cells or depressions formed therein.
Typically, after the items are placed in the cells, the items are
retained and protected in the respective cells by securing a
backing sheet comprising foil, plastic, or paperboard to the back
of the tray to seal the cells. In other types of conventional
blister packages the contents are placed in substantially puncture
proof foil containers that are then covered with foil or paperboard
backing.
[0004] In conventional blister packages, the foil backing is thin
enough to be either punctured mechanically or ruptured by pressing
the blister so that the enclosed item penetrates the foil.
Typically with paperboard backing, gates are provided in the
backing panel that covers the opening of the blister cells. In
practice, each gate is deformed or manipulated so that it ruptures
or partially separates from the surrounding paperboard, allowing
the item within the blister cell to be pushed through the gate.
[0005] While the conventional blister packages are suitable for
some applications, there are several design deficiencies. The
conventional blister packages provide removal of the items from the
blister cells, but offer very little child resistance. Child
resistance is a feature that is particularly desired for unit dose
pharmaceutical packaging, and is mandated by the Poison Prevention
Packaging Act of 1970. Guidelines are prescribed for packaging to
satisfy the criteria for child resistance. For example, a
child-resistance (CR) rating of F=1 requires that a random sampling
of the subject packages not be compromised by an age-specific test
pool of children at no greater than a predetermined failure rate.
This general guideline is designed to ensure that the package has
sufficient integrity against tampering by children.
[0006] In addition to a blister package being child-resistant, it
is also desirable that the package be senior friendly, that is, the
package permits easy withdrawal of items from the package by an
intended user requiring minimum manipulation even where a user's
manual dexterity and strength is reduced. Accordingly, there
remains in the art a need for apparatus and methods of blister
packaging and dispensing items where child resistance is
significant and can be easily increased, while the package remains
senior friendly.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the
known art and the problems that remain unsolved by providing a
child-resistant package that is inexpensive, easy to fabricate, and
can be used with conventional blister packs. Generally speaking,
one embodiment of the child-resistant package includes a blister
pack that is disposed and sealed between three panels. The package
includes at least one tab strip and pull tab formed from a first
panel, where the tab strip covers a gate formed on a second panel.
The gate correspondingly aligns with a blister of a blister pack to
additionally secure at least one item within the blister. In some
embodiments, adhesive, placed between the tab strip and gate during
assembly of the package substantially prevents the tab strip from
attaching to the gate.
[0008] In operation, pressure is applied to the pull tab to bend
the pull tab out of the plane of the surrounding panel. The pull
tab is pulled to break the tab strip from the surrounding panel and
expose the gate. Finally, pressure is applied to the corresponding
blister to force the enclosed item to rupture the backing sheet of
the blister pack and to dislodge the gate, thereby gaining access
to the item. The child-resistant value of the present invention
includes security features that require a sequence of coordinated
motions including pressing, pulling, and pressing again to gain
access to an item.
[0009] More specifically, in one embodiment a blank for forming a
package for use with a blister pack comprises a first panel, which
includes a blister aperture and means for identifying an underlying
finger tab, a second panel which includes at least one gate defined
at least in part by a severance line and at least one finger tab
defined at least in part by a severance line, and a third panel
which includes at least one tab strip having a pull tab and a tear
strip. Here, the panels are arranged such that the blister
aperture, gate, and tear strip are operationally aligned, and the
means for identifying an underlying finger tab, the finger tab, and
the pull tab are operationally aligned. In another embodiment, a
blank for forming a package for use with a blister pack comprises a
first panel including at least one gate defined at least in part by
a severance line and means for identifying an underlying pull tab,
and a second panel including at least one tab strip having a pull
tab and a tear strip. Here, the pull tab is removable and the tear
strip is at least partially removable from the second panel, and
the means for adhesion is positioned such that the gate and tear
strip are not substantially connected. Further, the panels are
secured to each other such that the gate and tear strip are
operationally aligned, and the means for identifying an underlying
pull tab and the pull tab are operationally aligned. In a different
embodiment, a package comprises a first panel including blister
apertures and means for identifying an underlying finger tab, a
second panel includes gates and finger tabs defined at least in
part by severance lines; and a third panel including tab strips
having pull tabs and a tear strips. Here, a blister pack having
blisters holding items are positioned such that the blisters extend
through the blister apertures, the panels are arranged such that
the blisters and gates and tear strips are operationally aligned,
and the means for identifying an underlying finger tab and the
finger tabs and the pull tabs are operationally aligned. In yet
another embodiment, a blank for forming a package for use with a
blister pack comprises a first panel including gates and means for
identifying an underlying pull tab, a blister pack having blisters
holding items attached to the first panel and positioned such that
the blisters are operationally aligned with the gates, and a second
panel including tab strips having pull tabs and tear strips. Here
the panels are secured such that the gates and tear strips are
operationally aligned, and the means for identifying an underlying
pull tab and the pull tabs are operationally aligned. The pull tabs
are removable and the tear strips are at least partially removable
from said second panel. Means for adhesion is provided such that
the gates are not connected to the respective tear strips.
[0010] Regarding the embodiments described herein, as well as those
covered by the claims, the face panel, center panel, or back panel
may or may not include a tear-resistant layer to provide structural
integrity or increased child-resistance. In addition, the panels
and package may be designed to include any shape or dimension that
accommodates any blister pack. Further, the terms, "face",
"center", and "back" are merely directional in order to distinguish
one panel from another. Accordingly, those terms are not
limitations but may be used interchangeably.
[0011] In addition, terms such as "cut line", "severance line",
"cut", and "frangible line", whether in the singular or plural, are
used expansively and interchangeably to include all manner of full
and partial cuts, perforations, slits, nicks, combinations thereof,
and all similar means for separating an element from a surrounding
panel. In some embodiments the fold or score lines may likewise be
severance lines.
[0012] Further, the terms "adhesive", "adhesion", "means for
adhesion", and all variations thereof as used herein will be
understood by those skilled in the art to include the substantial
opposite of adhesion, such that adhesion prevents the substantial
or complete adhering, bonding, binding, attaching, or connecting of
elements. Adhesive compositions and the chemical preparation
thereof, as well as adhesive methods and the mechanical execution
thereof, are known in the art.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1 is a plan view of an exemplary packaging blank,
according to the present invention.
[0014] FIGS. 2-4 are perspective views of the packaging blank of
FIG. 1 as it is folded to form a package, according to the present
invention.
[0015] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a package formed from the
packaging blank of FIG. 1, according to the present invention.
[0016] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the reverse side of the
package of FIG. 5, according to the present invention.
[0017] FIG. 7 is a plan view of an alternative exemplary packaging
blank, according to the present invention.
[0018] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a package formed from the
packaging blank of FIG. 7, according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention
are disclosed herein. It must be understood that the disclosed
embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention that may be
embodied in various and alternative forms, and combinations
thereof. As used herein, the word "exemplary" is used expansively
to refer to embodiments that serve as an illustration, specimen,
model or pattern. The figures are not necessarily to scale and some
features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of
particular components. In other instances, well-known components,
systems, materials or methods have not been described in order to
avoid obscuring the present invention. Therefore, specific
structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be
interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and
as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to
variously employ the present invention.
[0020] For the purposes of illustration and teaching only, the
present invention is taught within the context of pharmaceutical
products. It will be understood that the present invention is
applicable to the packaging, storing, and dispensing of various
items or products, including but not limited to, tablets, pills,
capsules, lozenges, chewables, patches, drug delivery devices,
medications, and/or non-medications, liquids and the like. The term
"items" as used herein include a unit dose of a pharmaceutical
product and all manner of portable items or products that a user
may wish to keep secure and dispense in a regulated, safe
manner.
[0021] Referring now to the drawings, wherein like elements are
represented by like numerals, FIG. 1 is a plan view of an exemplary
packaging blank 10. The packaging blank 10 has a face panel 12, a
back panel 14, and a center panel 16 that are hingedly connected.
The face panel 12 is hingedly connected to the back panel 14 along
a foldable score line 18 and to the center panel 16 along a
foldable score line 20. Although in this exemplary embodiment the
panels 12, 14, 16 are integrally formed as one piece, it will be
understood that one or more panels can be separate and distinct
from one another.
[0022] The packaging blank 10 can be constructed from any suitable
substrate material to include plastics, conventional paperboard
grades, including solid bleached sulfate (SBS) paperboard of
suitable weight, size, and shape, and combinations thereof.
Examples of suitable substrate include Easy Seal.RTM. brand and
Easy Seal Plus.RTM. self-sealing boards, presently available
through the Applicant. A tear resistant layer may or may not be
adhered to packaging blank 10. Tear resistant layers are often
laminated to the blank before cutting. The blank 10 may also be an
unbleached board, depending on the desired appearance of the final
package.
[0023] The face panel 12 includes blister apertures 22 and finger
apertures 24. The blister apertures 22 are shaped and dimensioned
to receive the blisters 25a of a blister pack 25, each containing
an item 25b. In this illustrated embodiment, the finger apertures
24 are shaped and dimensioned to receive a finger of a user, or
some tool, in a method that will be described in more detail below.
The face panel 12 further includes foldable score lines 26.
[0024] The back panel 14 includes tab strips 28. Each tab strip 28
includes a tear strip 30 hingedly connected to a pull tab 32 along
a foldable score line 34. Each tear strip 30 is defined by a
severance line 36 and the foldable score line 34. Each pull tab 32
is defined by a cut line 38 and the foldable score line 34. Each
pull tab 32 aligns with a respective finger aperture 24 and each
tear strip 30 aligns with a respective blister aperture 22, when
the blank 10 is folded as described below. Further, the back panel
includes foldable score lines 26.
[0025] The center panel 16 includes gates 42 and finger tabs 44.
The gates 42 are defined by severance lines 46 and the finger tabs
44 are defined by severance lines 48. The gates 42 are aligned with
respective blisters 25a and the finger tabs 44 are aligned with
respective tabs 32 when the blank 10 is folded as described
below.
[0026] While the illustrated embodiment shows a so-called "starter
pack" with a single row of two blisters, it will be understood that
alternative embodiments of the invention include any number of
rows, columns, and number of blisters desired, the number,
configuration, and orientation being merely design choices.
Likewise, the shape and orientation of the various related
elements, including the blister apertures 22, finger apertures 24,
tab strips 28, gates 42, and finger tabs 44, are not limited to the
illustrated embodiments, but may vary as desired to accommodate
various blister configurations and still collectively function as
described herein.
[0027] The package 50 (best shown in FIG. 5 with a view to FIG. 2)
is formed by inserting the blisters 25a of a blister pack 25 into
the respective apertures 22, such that the blisters 25a protrude
from the face panel 12, and folding the blank 10 as shown in FIGS.
3-5. More specifically, FIG. 2 shows the blister pack 25 positioned
so that the blisters 25a extend through respective blister
apertures 22, and the blister pack 25 is in a face contacting
position with regard to panel 12. Next, FIG. 3 shows the center
panel 16 is folded along a fold line 20 so that each gate 42
cooperatively aligns with a respective blister 25a and blister
aperture 22. Likewise, each finger tab 44 cooperatively aligns with
a respective finger aperture 24.
[0028] Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the back panel 14 is folded to be
in face contacting position with the center panel 16. Prior to
folding the back panel 14 along a fold line 18 and securing the
panels 12, 14, 16 together, an adhesive B is applied to either or
both of the tear strips 30 and gates 42. When the respective panels
12, 14, 16 are folded, such that each tear strip 30 is in a face
contacting position with relation to a respective gate 42, and
secured to one another either by adding adhesive or heating
self-sealing boards or any of the other means for attaching panels
together, as understood by one skilled in the art, each gate 42
will not be substantially bonded to its respective tear strip
30.
[0029] With reference now to FIGS. 5 and 6, the package 50 is
formed from the blank 10 when the panels 12, 14, 16 are folded in a
face contacting arrangement and secured. The tab strips 28 are now
functionally aligned with respective apertures 22 and gates 42,
while the pull tabs 32 are functionally aligned with respective
apertures 24 and finger tabs 44. Each tear strip 30 overlaps a
respective gate 42 and each tab 32 overlaps a respective finger tab
44. In some embodiments the gates 42 are secured to the backing
sheet of a blister pack 25, and each pull tab 32 is secured to a
respective finger tab 44 to create a double pull tab 32a.
[0030] In practice, to access an item 25b from a package 25, a
user's finger or some tool is used to locate a finger aperture 24
then press and sever the double pull tab 32a (tabs 44, 32) from the
respective panels 16, 14. The double pull tab 32a forms a grip by
which a user can begin to pull a tear strip 30. Pulling the double
pull tab 32a, the user separates the tear strip 30 from the back
panel 14. Because of the severance line 36 and adhesive B between
the tear strip 30 and gate 42, the tear strip 30 is removed with
little or no delamination of the tear strip 30, gate 42, or
adjacent panel 14. In other words, the use of adhesive B and the
tear strip severance line 36 permits a substantially clean removal
of the tear strip 30.
[0031] Removing the tear strip 30 exposes the respective gate 42,
attached to the surrounding panel 16. Each gate 42 impedes access
to the item 25b stored in the respective blister 25a. To access the
item 25b the blister 25a is pushed with sufficient pressure to
force the gate 42 to sever from the adjacent panel 16 along the
severance line 46 and permit the item 25b to be removed from the
package 50. In some embodiments the tear strip 30 and gate 42 are
fully removable, in alternative embodiments the elements are
hingedly removable.
[0032] In alternative embodiments an adhesive is not applied to the
tear strip 30 or gate 42, rather an "area seal" that does not
contact these elements 30, 42 together is used. As understood by
one skilled in the art, when self-sealing panels, such as the Easy
Seal.RTM. and Easy Seal Plus.RTM. products referenced above, are
used to construct a package typically heat is applied to the entire
area of the panels in order to bond one panel to another. If
attachment between a portion of the panels is not desired, heat is
not applied to that section of panel area, forming an unbonded
section termed an "area seal". A similar result is achieved through
alternative methods of attaching panels, such as ultrasonic
welding, when those bonding methods leave a certain area unattached
to an adjacent panel or panels. Alternatively, adhesive is not
applied to areas where a connection is not desired. All these
various means for adhesion B, and combinations thereof and the
like, can be used to prevent the bonding of a tear strip 30 and
respective gate 42. Likewise, bonding methods such as cold glue or
tape may be used to attach various panels 12, 14, 16 and a blister
pack without attaching the tear strip 30 to a respective gate
42.
[0033] FIG. 7 illustrates an alternative exemplary package blank
100, according to the present invention. FIG. 8 illustrates an
alternative exemplary package 150 formed from the blank of FIG. 7,
according to the present invention. The element numbers in FIGS. 7
and 8 are the same as the previous figures, except the prefix "1"
has been added. The teaching provided with FIGS. 1-6 is applicable
to FIGS. 7 and 8.
[0034] For various reasons it may be desirable to increase the
child resistance capabilities or rating of the exemplary
embodiments illustrated and described above. For example, an adult
with a history of heart attacks may be on a regime of nitroglycerin
tablets and that adult may reside with children or grandchildren.
Because of the danger of a child accessing and swallowing
nitroglycerin tablets, the child resistance features of the
exemplary embodiments can be enhanced as described below.
[0035] In one exemplary embodiment of a package with increased
child resistance, the tactile indicator of a finger aperture 24 is
replaced with a different means for identifying an underlying
finger tab, namely a finger tab 24a (not shown), similar to the
finger tab 44 shown in the center panel 16. In other words, rather
than fully cutting and removing a portion of the front panel 12 to
create the finger aperture 24, such an area is designated with a
severance line and the same area remains intact until removed by
the user. In other alternative embodiments, other means include
treated surface areas by which the user is directed where to
initiate the first push sequence of opening the package, namely the
finger tab 24, 24a proximate the blister 25a. In alternative
embodiments the user may be directed to the finger tab 24, 24a by a
visual indicator such as printed words, symbols, or designs. With
such an embodiment the respective finger tabs 24a, 44, 32 can be of
the same size or different, and the cuts used to define the
respective finger tabs 24a, 44, 32 can be designed to increase the
amount of resistance needed to push through a triple pull tab 32b
formed by the bonded finger tabs 24a, 44, 32.
[0036] Another exemplary embodiment of a package with increased
child resistance is one wherein the tear strip 30 is joined to the
respective gate 42 and/or the surrounding panel 16. In such an
embodiment no means for preventing adhesion, as described above, is
used. Rather, this tear strip 30 will be more difficult to remove
than the illustrated embodiment because it is bonded to the
surrounding elements, and thus will likely delaminate when being
pulled by the user. Further, the cuts used to define the respective
severance lines 36, 46 for a tear strip 30 and gate 42, can be
designed to increase the amount of resistance needed to push the
item through the gate 42 and whatever part of the tear strip 30
that remains adhered to the gate 42.
[0037] As understood by one skilled in the art, the exemplary
package embodiments illustrated and/or taught herein may comprise a
single card, a bi-fold card, or a tri-fold card. Further, these
embodiments may be constructed of a single, double, or triple
panel. In addition, the invention may be practiced with a single
panel or multiple discrete panels.
[0038] It must be emphasized that the law does not require and it
is economically prohibitive to illustrate and teach every possible
embodiment of the present claims. Hence, the above-described
embodiments are merely exemplary illustrations of implementations
set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the
invention. Many combinations and variations of combinations may be
made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the
scope of the claims. All such combinations and variations of
combinations are included herein by the scope of this disclosure
and the following claims.
* * * * *