U.S. patent application number 10/539986 was filed with the patent office on 2007-02-22 for insect trap.
Invention is credited to Alvaro E. Eiras, Martin Geier, Andreas Rose.
Application Number | 20070039236 10/539986 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32403984 |
Filed Date | 2007-02-22 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070039236 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Geier; Martin ; et
al. |
February 22, 2007 |
Insect trap
Abstract
The invention relates to an insect trap which is especially
intended for catching and/or rendering harmless flying insects
and/or harmful insects. The insect trap (10), in a first
embodiment, has a planar or curved, light surface (12) and at least
one dark contrast spot (16) disposed inside said surface. The
insect trap (10), in a second embodiment, has a diffuser surface
(14) for producing a weak air current (22) that emanates from said
surface. Both embodiments can be combined as required to increase
the effectiveness of the trap. The insect trap (10) is further
provided with devices for keeping, catching and/or eliminating
trapped insects (42) on a surface of the trap and/or in a cavity
(20) arranged therein. Insect traps of the above mentioned type are
used in pest control indoors and outdoors and for detecting an
insect density (monitoring).
Inventors: |
Geier; Martin; (Regensburg,
DE) ; Rose; Andreas; (Regensburg, DE) ; Eiras;
Alvaro E.; (Belo Horizonta, BR) |
Correspondence
Address: |
THE FIRM OF KARL F ROSS
5676 RIVERDALE AVENUE
PO BOX 900
RIVERDALE (BRONX)
NY
10471-0900
US
|
Family ID: |
32403984 |
Appl. No.: |
10/539986 |
Filed: |
December 17, 2003 |
PCT Filed: |
December 17, 2003 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/DE03/04162 |
371 Date: |
August 7, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60434563 |
Dec 19, 2002 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
43/139 ; 43/107;
43/112; 43/114 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01M 1/02 20130101; A01M
1/026 20130101; A01M 2200/012 20130101; A01M 1/08 20130101; A01M
1/223 20130101; A01M 1/145 20130101; A01M 1/2016 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
043/139 ;
043/107; 043/114; 043/112 |
International
Class: |
A01M 1/06 20060101
A01M001/06; A01M 1/14 20060101 A01M001/14; A01M 1/22 20060101
A01M001/22; A01M 1/02 20070101 A01M001/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 18, 2002 |
DE |
102 59 651.4 |
Claims
1-35. (canceled)
36. An insect trap comprising: a generally hollow body having a
foraminous wall region of a predetermined area; means including a
fan in the body for expelling air through the region in a weak
stream; and means on the body for holding insects attracted by the
weak stream.
37. The insect trap defined in claim 36 wherein the fan displaces
the air stream through the region at a speed between 2 cm/sec and
100 cm/sec.
38. The insect trap defined in claim 37 wherein the speed is
between 3 cm/sec and 50 cm/sec.
39. The insect trap defined in claim 37 wherein the speed is
between 5 cm/sec and 20 cm/sec.
40. The insect trap defined in claim 36 wherein the body is formed
with a passage having an opening adjacent the region and of a
cross-sectional size equal to substantially less than the
predetermined area, the fan having an intake connected only to the
passage and an output connected only to the foraminous region,
whereby air is sucked into the passage at an intake speed much
greater than a speed at which air is expelled through the
foraminous region.
41. The insect trap defined in claim 40 wherein a flow speed in the
intake passage is at least 1 m/sec.
42. The insect trap defined in claim 41 wherein the flow speed in
the intake passage is at least 2 m/sec.
43. The insect trap defined in claim 40 wherein a flow speed in the
intake passage is at least about ten times greater than a flow
speed of the weak current through the foraminous region.
44. The insect trap defined in claim 36 wherein the foraminous
region is a mesh.
45. The insect trap defined in claim 36 wherein the foraminous
region is a generally horizontal upper surface of an upper end of
the body.
46. The insect trap defined in claim 45 wherein the body is
centered on an upright axis.
47. The insect trap defined in claim 46 wherein the body is formed
with a passage having an opening upwardly centrally the region and
of a cross-sectional size equal to substantially less than the
predetermined area, the fan having an intake connected only to the
passage and an output connected only to the foraminous region,
whereby air is sucked into the passage at an intake speed much
greater than a speed at which air is expelled through the
foraminous region.
48. The insect trap defined in claim 47 wherein the body has a
substantially closed floor underneath the fan and substantially
closed side walls extending axially between the floor and the upper
end of the body.
49. The insect trap defined in claim 48 wherein the side walls form
an upright tubular cylinder centered on the axis.
50. The insect trap defined in claim 48, further comprising a
screen in the passage upstream of the fan intake.
51. The insect trap defined in claim 48, further comprising means
in the body for emitting an attractant to be carried by the air
stream through the region out of the body.
52. The insect trap defined in claim 51 wherein the means for
emitting includes a plurality of separate vessels each hold a
respective component of the attractant.
53. The insect trap defined in claim 47 wherein the foraminous
region is light colored and the passage has an inner surface with a
dark coating.
54. The insect trap defined in claim 46 wherein the body is formed
with a passage having an opening upwardly annularly around the
region and of a cross-sectional size equal to substantially less
than the predetermined area, the fan having an intake connected
only to the passage and an output connected only to the foraminous
region, whereby air is sucked into the passage at an intake speed
much greater than a speed at which air is expelled through the
foraminous region.
55. The insect trap defined in claim 46, further comprising a cover
suspended spacedly above the body and oriented to shield the body
from above.
Description
[0001] The invention relates to an insect trap, in particular for
flying and/or harmful insects, with the characteristics of
independent claims 1 and 2.
[0002] Blood-sucking insects constitute one of the most significant
health issues worldwide, as they spread numerous diseases (for
example malaria, yellow fever, dengue, etc.) to both humans and
animals and are generally burdensome. Insecticides are used for
wide-scale destruction of these pests. A further possibility for
controlling and fighting pest insects is the use of traps that are
principally intended for small areas, in particular for closed
spaces.
[0003] Insect traps are known in many types and styles. Simplest is
the use of flypaper that is coated with glue so that the insects
that contact with it get stuck. Other variants emit ultraviolet
light or ultrasound and in this manner draw in insect pests. There
are also device that use aromatic attractants, for example along
with an air stream, so that the attracted insects are sucked by the
air stream into a space and held there.
[0004] Such traps are described in US 2001/0045051 and U.S. Pat.
No. 6,286,249. With this type of trap an attractant is distributed
by a blower inside a cylindrical tube so as to draw in insects.
Once they get close to the trap, the air stream sucks them into the
trap. To this end a further tube is provided around the cylindrical
tube. The insects are sucked into a space between the two coaxial
tubes.
[0005] With the known types of traps carbon dioxide is used, since
this gas is recognized by insects as what is exhaled by humans and
animals and therefore attracts them.
[0006] The effectiveness and efficiency of the hitherto known traps
is however mainly limited because they cannot be fully effective to
neutralize all the insects in a given room or space. In addition
the traps that emit carbon dioxide are relatively expensive to make
and operate.
[0007] It is an object of the invention to provided an insect trap
that is simple to make and also inexpensive to run and
efficient.
[0008] This object of the invention is achieved by the features of
the independent claims. Features of preferred embodiments of the
invention are seen in the dependent claims.
[0009] A first variant of the insect trap according to the
invention, that is in particular for flying and/or pest insects,
has a planar or curved light surface region surrounding at least
one dark contrast surface region. The insect further has means for
holding, trapping and/or killing attracted insects on a surface of
the insect trap and/or in its interior. This first variant of an
insect trap is based on the recognition that dark objects attract
many insects. Tests with this system have shown that a light
surface region with a dark spot in it, for example in its center,
is very attractive for certain insects and draws them. Hitherto it
has only been recognized that dark objects are capable of
attracting certain types of insects. The invention improves on this
by providing a dark contrast region on a light background.
[0010] A variant of the insect trap according to the invention has
an output surface for producing a weak air stream passing out
through the surface and means for holding, trapping and/or killing
attracted insects on a surface of the insect trap and/or in its
interior. Tests have shown the surprising effect that a weak and
uniform air stream spread over a large surface is attractive for
many insects and draws them. This can be explained in that the weak
air stream over a large surface area is like the warm air flow of a
human or animal body that is in particular recognized by gnats
(aedes aegypti) and blood-sucking insects and that draws them.
[0011] The two described variants of the invention can be combined
with each other in that a light surface region with a dark contrast
region is provided with an output surface or formed as one. This
increases the effectiveness of the trap.
[0012] According to an embodiment of the invention at least the
light surface region or parts of it are covered with glue and/or an
insecticide. In addition at least the dark contrast surface region
can be covered with glue and/or an insecticide, so that the upper
surface of the trap functions to hold the attracted insects.
Alternatively the insects can be killed by contact with the trap
surface. This can be done by energizing the surface with
electricity, for example with a screen or the like that is
energized.
[0013] The weak air stream coming from the output surface
preferably has an average flow speed of about 2 to 100 cm/sec,
better between 3 and 50 cm/sec, and preferably from 5 to 20 cm/sec
so that the weak air stream accurately imitates the convection air
stream rising off a human or animal body.
[0014] A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is
characterized by an attractant that is emitted by the trap. This is
based on the recognition that the smell of a human or animal body
is particularly attractive for insects when it is carried by a weak
uniformly spread-out air stream. There are situations in which
carbon dioxide is used. This is an attractive that is contained in
breathed air. Such an addition of carbon dioxide is thus
particularly attractive for insects when the air flow is
discontinuous and in exhalations streams. On the other hand an
attractant imitating body odors is particularly attractive for
insects when it is carried in a weak air or convective stream as
provided for by the instant invention.
[0015] Preferably the attractant is emitted by the entire light
surface region. The attractant can for example be in a coating of
the upper surface in a predetermined concentration. To this end a
binder is applied to the light and/or dark surface regions in which
the attractant is dissolved and that is in a predetermined
concentration. Such a binder an in particular be a glue to which
the attracted insects stick. So that the attractant is uniformly
emitted and carried off in a convective stream, the trap surface
can be heated, for example by heating wires or the like.
[0016] A particularly preferred variant uses a combination of
olfactory and visual attractants for the insects. Such a preferred
embodiment of the invention has an output surface that is a light
surface region surrounding at least one dark contrast surface
region. The light surface region has an area of at least 30
cm.sup.2, preferably an area of at least 100 cm.sup.2 in order to
be effective at a distance. Such a combined optical and olfactory
effect of the insect trap according to the invention imitates
particularly well the human or animal body so that such a trap is
highly attractive and is therefore very effective for many insects,
in particular the blood-sucking types.
[0017] A further embodiment of the invention provides that at least
one intake opening for drawing in attracted insects is provided
near the trap. Alternatively a plurality of intake openings are
provided around the light surface region or around the output
surface. In particular an annular intake opening surrounds the
light surface region or the output surface. In this manner the
attracted insects can be sucked into the interior or into a
container in which they are collected and from which they cannot
fly out. If desired this space can hold an insecticide so that the
insects are killed right there.
[0018] A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the
dark contrast surface region is a dark intake passage. Thus an
inner surface of the tubular intake passage is preferably provided
with a dark coating so that the intake passage itself forms the
contrast surface region on the light surface region. A flow speed
at or in the intake passage or at or in the intake opening is at
least 1 m/sec, and can in a preferred embodiment be about 2
m/sec.
[0019] This ensures that insects that get near the intake passage
or the intake opening are sucked in and cannot fly out. At the same
time this ensures that the insects cannot fly against the air
stream and escape after being caught from the interior.
[0020] A further preferred embodiment of the invention provides a
blower in the trap for providing the intake flow in the intake
passage or in the intake opening and/or the weak air stream from
the output surface. The fan can in particular form an annular flow,
drawing the air in centrally at the intake opening or through the
intake passage and expelling the sucked-in air through the large
output surface as a uniform weak air stream. The ratio of areas of
the intake passage hd the output surface are such that the desired
air speeds are obtained.
[0021] Preferably a device inside the trap uniformly supplies the
attractant to the weak air stream. Such a device can be several
vessels with the individual components of the attractant or
different tubes with the components of the attractant, since the
attractant is typically not supplied as a mixture but as individual
components and is only combined with put into the air. Such an
attractant can in particular be a mixture of milk acids, capron
acids, and ammonia, as for example described in provisional U.S.
application 60/386,582 of 07 Jun. 2002. The components and
attractant mixture described in this application are incorporated
by reference in this application.
[0022] The output surface can be a mesh with a light weave whose
mesh size is smaller than the insects to be caught in the trap. In
this manner the light surface region is formed and at the same time
the trap is closed to the outside so that insects caught in it
cannot fly out through the mesh.
[0023] The intake passage has preferably a minimum length that
ensure s a relatively uniform flow in the passage and near the
passage. A typical intake-passage length can for example be between
5 and 10 cm. The typical diameter of the intake passage can for
example be between 3 and 15 cm. The dimensions of the output
surface and the intake passage depend in particular on the overall
size of the trap and on the desired relationship between the flow
speeds in the passage and from the emitting device. Even the
typical sizes of the preferred insect being trapped influence the
actual dimensions of the intake passage and of the trap.
[0024] An embodiment of the invention has an additional screen
upstream of the fan in the intake passage so that the sucked-in
insects do not get into the interior of the trap, but are collected
at the lower end of the intake passage. According to a preferred
embodiment the intake passage upstream of the fan holds an insert
that can if necessary be provided with glue or an insecticide and
that is periodically taken out of the trap and emptied. In order to
prevent that drawn-in insects fly out again, the fan can be set to
run permanently. If the fan does not run all the time, it can be
advantageous to provide a flared catchment from which the insects
cannot fly out. With such a variant the fan is set to operate
periodically.
[0025] In a preferred embodiment according to the invention the
insect trap is hollow and cylindrical and has at one end the output
surface and the dark intake passage in it. An end panel of the
hollow cylindrical trap can be concave or convex. In addition it
preferably for it to have a closed floor carrying means for
supplying the attractant.
[0026] The end surface of the hollow-cylindrical trap is directed
upward. The trap thus has in comparison to a trap that emits carbon
dioxide, the advantage of being more easily seen by insects, since
they can perceive the light surface or the outflowing attractant
better than with a downwardly directed active face of the trap.
Carbon-dioxide traps normally emit downward since CO.sub.2 is
heavier than air and naturally drops.
[0027] In an alternative embodiment of the invention the trap is
spherical with an outer surface on which are distributed intake
passages. At least part of an outer ball surface is formed as the
output surface. Preferably generally the entire outer ball surface
is formed as the output surface.
[0028] In a further embodiment a cover is provided spaced above the
trap to protect it from the weather. The cover can prevent rain
from getting into the trap and making it less effective. The cover
can if desired by transparent so that insects see the light surface
with the dark contrast spot. Alternatively, the cover can itself
serve as an optical attractant. To this end it can be formed as the
light surface with one or more dark contrast spots.
[0029] The trap is preferably freely hanging, for example by a
string or chain from a tree, structure or other appropriate
support.
[0030] The insect traps according to the invention are perfect not
only for dealing with pests in closed spaces and in the open, but
also for determining the insect population in a given area.
[0031] For such monitoring these traps are set out in the area to
be checked for a predetermined time and the number of caught
insects is determined. This monitoring can serve to determine the
necessity or effectivity of antipest systems before applying them
and/or after using them.
[0032] The invention is more closely described in the following
with reference to preferred embodiments. Therein:
[0033] FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an upper surface of an
insect trap;
[0034] FIG. 2 is a schematic section through a first variant of the
insect trap;
[0035] FIGS. 3 to 5 are schematic sections through alternative
variants of insect traps;
[0036] FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of a further alternative
variant of an insect trap;
[0037] FIG. 7 is a schematic section through the trap of FIG.
6;
[0038] FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of a further variant of the
insect trap;
[0039] FIG. 9 is a schematic section through the trap of FIG.
8;
[0040] FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of an insect trap
according to the invention;
[0041] FIG. 11 is a diagram of an alternative variant of an insect
trap according to the invention; and
[0042] FIG. 12 is a pendant trap with a cover.
[0043] The schematic top view of FIG. 1 shows the basic principle
of the optical functioning of an insect trap 10. It has a trap
upper surface 18 having an outer light region 12 and a contrast
region 16 inside the light region 12. The contrast region 16 is
substantially darker than the light region 12, here black. The
entire upper surface 18 and its parts can, according to how the
trap 10 is made, be an output surface 14 that emits a weak air
stream 22 (see FIGS. 3, 5, 7, and 9). While the trap upper surface
18 is shown in the drawing as being circular, any other shape can
be used. The trap upper surface 18 does not have to be planar but
can be curved inward or outward.
[0044] FIG. 2 shows a simple first variant of the insect trap 10 in
a schematic sectional view. The uniformly light region 12 on the
trap upper surface 18 and the generally central contrast region 16
are shown. Such a trap attracts purely optically, since a dark or
black contrast against a light background is very attractive for
many insects and they fly toward it. The dark contrast region 16
can be treated with glue or an insecticide so that the insects that
land on it are trapped and/or killed.
[0045] FIG. 3 shows in another schematic section a second variant
of an insect trap 10 where the light region 12 serves as an output
surface 14. A weak air stream 22 flows out of this output surface
14 with a flow speed of less than 100 cm/sec. In particular the
flow speed of the weak air stream 22 can be about 5 to 20 cm/sec
and thus apes a convection stream from human or animal skin so as
to be attractive to insects. The weak air stream 22 can move out of
an output surface 14 formed as a mesh. Even the contrast region 16
in the middle of the light surface 12 forming the output surface 14
can be an output surface. This second variant uses the optical
effect of the dark contrast spot in the center of the mechanical
attractant of the weak air stream as has been found attractive for
many insects as it imitates the warm convective air flow off a skin
surface. It has been shown extremely effective in tests, as
blood-sucking insects are attracted by such an air stream which
they mistake for the convective air flow off a body.
[0046] FIG. 4 shows a variant of the insect trap 10 according to
the invention in schematic section. This variant produces a weak
air stream 22 outside the light region 12. The contract region 16
is formed as an intake opening 24, in the illustrated embodiment
connected to an intake passage through which an intake stream 25
moves into an interior 20 of the insect trap 10. The weak air
stream 22 in this embodiment of the insect trap 10 can also carry
an attractant that draws the desired insects. The attractant can
imitate emissions of a human or animal body and be comprised of
several components that are mixed together in the stream 22.
[0047] The intake stream 25 is at least strong enough that an
insect that gets near it is sucked into the intake passage 26 and
cannot get out. When the intake passage 26 has a dark coating on
its inner surface 28 it acts as a contrast region 16 so that this
trap has optical, mechanical (via the air stream), and olfactory
(by the attractant) action. Such a combination effect has a high
trapping rate since the insects are stimulated and attracted in
several ways.
[0048] FIG. 5 shows a schematic section through a further variant
of the insect trap 10 according to the invention where the light
region 12 is formed as an output surface 14 through which the weak
air stream 22 passes. The contrast region 16 is again a dark-coated
intake opening 24 or passage 26 through which flows a strong intake
stream 25 with a flow speed of more than 1 m/sec, preferably 2
m/sec or more. Insects attracted by the weak air stream 22 or the
contrast region 16 are sucked through the intake passage 26 into
the trap interior 20. Preferably an attractant can be carried by
the weak air stream 22.
[0049] FIGS. 6 and 7 show an alternative variant of an insect trap
10 where the trap upper surface 18 is formed as a light region 12
with an annular surrounding intake opening 24. The intake opening
24 serves for producing an intake stream 25 into the interior 20 of
the insect trap 10. Here also the light region 12 is formed as an
output surface 14 through which the weak air stream 22 passes. The
air stream 22 can even as described carry an attractant.
[0050] FIGS. 8 and 9 show a further alternative variant where
several contrast regions 16 are provided on a light region 12. Here
only the light regions 12 or the entire trap upper surface 18 can
form an output surface 14 through which the weak air stream 22
flows to the outside. Even with this variant the weak air stream
can carry an attractant.
[0051] An entire insect trap 10 is shown in FIG. 10. The insect
trap 10 has a cylindrical body defining an interior 20 and having
an end panel forming the trap upper surface 18. The trap upper
surface 18 has a light region 12 formed as an output surface and
that has a central contrast region 16 that in the illustrated
embodiment is formed as an intake passage with a dark-coated inner
surface 28. The light surface 12 can be formed by a mesh 15 that is
spanned on the hollow cylindrical trap and through which the weak
air stream 22 moves outward.
[0052] At the lower end of the intake passage 26 is a fan or blower
30 that produces the intake stream 25 into the interior 20 of the
insect trap 10. A floor 34 of the interior 20 has several
attractant holders 38 that each emit a component of an attractant
40 in the desired concentration so that the attractant 40 is
optimally mixed and expelled outward in the weak air stream 22. The
light region 12 and the diameter of the intake passage 26 are such
that the one fan 30 serves both to produced the desired intake
stream of about 2 m/sec and the desired weak air stream of 5 to 20
cm/sec. Preferably there is a screen upstream of the fan 30 to
prevent the insects from getting inside it.
[0053] A particularly advantageous embodiment provides an insert in
the intake passage 26 that can be taken out and emptied once it is
full of insects. The intake stream 25 is at least strong enough
that insects 42 near the trap 10 are sucked into the intake passage
26 and cannot escape.
[0054] FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of an alternative
embodiment of the insect trap that in this case is formed as a
sphere. The sphere outer surface 36 of the insect trap 10 can be an
output surface 14. preferably several intake passages 26 are
distributed over the ball surface so that at least one dark
contrast region 16 is visible from any angle on the light ball
surface. The spherical insect trap 10 according to FIG. 11 is more
effective than the cylindrical embodiment of FIG. 10 as a result of
its larger effective surface area, since the optical component with
the dark contrast regions 16 of the intake passages 26 is effective
in all directions.
[0055] In all the described embodiments that have a weak air stream
22 moving through an output surface 14 this can also serve to carry
an attractant 40. The weak air stream 22 imitates a convective
updraft of a human or animal body. The attractant 40 can be like
human or animal emanations. Preferably other attractants can be
used that draw insects.
[0056] The contrast region 16 inside the light region 12 is
preferably sufficiently dark that it optically attracts the insects
42. Tests have proven that individual dark contrast regions on a
light background attract many insects so that the system of this
invention can operate purely optically.
[0057] Finally, FIG. 12 shows a pendant trap 10 with a cover 44
spaced above it. The trap 10 can have any shape, for example a
hollow cylinder or a ball corresponding to FIG. 10 or 11. The cover
44 can preferably be transparent so as not to shield the light
regions 12 of the trap with the dark contrast regions from the
insects. Alternatively the cover 44 itself can be a light region
with dark contrast regions in it, in order to draw insects from a
distance.
[0058] The insect trap according to the invention is particularly
effective for gnats, mosquitos, and other stinging and/or
blood-sucking flying insects.
* * * * *