U.S. patent application number 11/448434 was filed with the patent office on 2007-01-25 for apparatus and method for dispensing frozen carbonated beverages.
Invention is credited to Terrence Robert Davis, Steven Moulder, Ian Thomas Richard Whittington.
Application Number | 20070017234 11/448434 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34835180 |
Filed Date | 2007-01-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070017234 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Moulder; Steven ; et
al. |
January 25, 2007 |
Apparatus and method for dispensing frozen carbonated beverages
Abstract
Frozen carbonated beverage apparatus and method is illustrated,
and has a freeze chamber in which beverage is frozen wherein the
addition of beverage to the freeze chamber is controlled in
response to pressure in the freeze chamber. Controlling the
addition of unfrozen beverage to the freeze chamber in response to
the pressure provides a method of controlling the beverage in the
freeze chamber. As freeze chamber pressure falls to a
pre-determined lower pressure, beverage is added to the freeze
chamber until a pre-determined upper pressure. Beverage may be
added to the freeze cylinder at a rate that matches the cooling
rate of the beverage within the freeze chamber so that unfrozen
beverage added to the freeze chamber is rapidly frozen and does not
significantly alter the viscosity (consistency) of the frozen
carbonated beverage.
Inventors: |
Moulder; Steven; (Headless
Cross, GB) ; Whittington; Ian Thomas Richard;
(Stratford-upon-Avon, GB) ; Davis; Terrence Robert;
(Redditch, GB) |
Correspondence
Address: |
PYLE & PIONTEK
221 N. LASALLE STREET,
SUITE 2036
CHICAGO
IL
60601
US
|
Family ID: |
34835180 |
Appl. No.: |
11/448434 |
Filed: |
June 6, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/66 ;
62/135 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A23G 9/045 20130101;
A23G 9/28 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
062/066 ;
062/135 |
International
Class: |
F25C 1/00 20060101
F25C001/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jun 6, 2005 |
GB |
0511455.8 |
Claims
1. An apparatus for dispensing a frozen carbonated beverage
comprising a freeze chamber in which the beverage is frozen, means
for providing the addition of beverage to the freeze chamber in
response to the pressure in the freeze chamber, said pressure in
the freeze chamber being related to the level (volume) of frozen
carbonated beverage in the freeze cylinder and controlling the
addition of unfrozen beverage to the freeze chamber in response to
the pressure.
2. In an apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the pressure in the
freeze chamber falls until a pre-determined lower pressure is
detected at which beverage is added to the freeze chamber until a
pre-determined upper pressure is detected at which the addition of
beverage is stopped.
3. In an apparatus as in claim 2, wherein the difference between
the upper and lower pressures may be such that several frozen
carbonated beverages may be dispensed before beverage is added to
the freeze cylinder.
4. In an apparatus as in claim 1, wherein beverage is added to the
freeze cylinder at a rate that matches the cooling rate of the
beverage within the freeze cylinder so that unfrozen beverage added
to the freeze chamber is rapidly frozen and does not significantly
alter the viscosity (consistency) of the frozen carbonated beverage
within the freeze cylinder.
5. In the apparatus of claim 1, wherein the beverage and
carbonating gas are added simultaneously to the freeze chamber.
6. In the apparatus of claim 5, wherein the carbonating gas may be
introduced to the beverage line upstream of the freeze cylinder so
that the beverage/carbonating gas mixture is introduced
simultaneously into the freeze cylinder, and some in-line
carbonation of the beverage may then occur in the beverage line
with the carbonation process being completed within the freeze
cylinder.
7. In the apparatus of claim 1, wherein the freeze chamber is
maintained at a temperature below the freezing temperature of the
beverage during a freeze mode of operation, for example below
0.degree. C. for a beverage containing water and syrup, and
carbonation may be carried out below the freezing point of the
beverage within the freeze chamber.
8. In the apparatus of claim 1, comprising a control unit includes
means for mixing the components in the required ratio for the
beverage to be produced, said means for mixing comprises a ratio
pump comprising a separate pump unit for each component and an
actuator for simultaneously operating the pump units to deliver the
components to a line for mixing and delivering the components to
the freeze chamber in the correct ratio.
9. In the apparatus of claim 8, wherein the ratio pump may be
adjustable to vary the amounts of the components for achieving the
desired ratio of components for the beverage to be produced and/or
the flow rate of the combined components for achieving the desired
fill rate in the freeze cylinder.
10. An apparatus as in claim 1, which avoids the provision of a
separate carbonator to carbonate the beverage.
11. A method of dispensing a frozen carbonated beverage comprising
providing a freeze cylinder in which the beverage is frozen for
dispense and controlling the addition of beverage to the freeze
chamber in response to the pressure in the freeze cylinder.
12. A method as in claim 10, wherein carbonation of said occurs in
the freeze cylinder.
13. A method of dispensing a frozen carbonated beverage as in claim
11, comprising providing a freeze cylinder in which the beverage is
carbonated and frozen for dispense.
14. A method as in claim 11, comprising a mixture of at least two
components with a ratio pump controlling the addition of the
controlling the required ratio.
15. The method of claim 14, comprising providing a separate pump
unit for each component and means for simultaneously actuating the
pump units to provide the components in the required ratio.
16. The method of claim 15, comprising the actuating the means
controls and making pumping stroke to achieve a desired fill rate
in the freeze chamber.
17. The method of claim 11, comprising dispensing a frozen
carbonated beverage from the freeze chamber and adding beverage to
the freeze chamber at a rate that substantially matches the rate of
cooling of beverage within the freeze chamber.
18. The method of claim 17, including matching the fill rate to the
cooling rate and maintaining the viscosity (consistency/quality) of
the frozen beverage in the freeze chamber.
19. The method of claim 11, including providing some carbonization
in the freeze chamber and some carbonation prior to the beverage
being introduced into the freeze chamber.
Description
[0001] This invention relates to an apparatus and method for,
dispensing a frozen carbonated beverage.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention has application to dispense of both alcoholic
and nonalcoholic frozen carbonated beverages. For convenience, the
invention is described hereinafter with reference to dispense of
frozen carbonated beverages formed by a combination of carbonated
water and a syrup. It will be understood however that the invention
is not limited to such application and dispense of other types of
beverages is included within the scope of the invention.
[0003] Apparatus for producing frozen carbonated beverages from the
partial freezing of a combination of carbonated water and syrup to
produce a so-called "slush" beverage is well known, see for example
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,608,779 and 3,460,713. As used herein, the term
"frozen" is used to describe beverages of this type and includes
terms such as "semi-frozen".
[0004] There are many types of apparatus for producing frozen
carbonated beverages. In the known apparatus, the beverage may be
mixed in the apparatus and converted to the desired frozen state in
a. freeze chamber for dispense via a tap connected to the freeze
chamber. Such apparatus can be bulky and require a large amount of
floor space.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] It is an object of this invention to provide an improved
apparatus and method for dispensing frozen carbonated
beverages.
[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is
provided apparatus for dispensing a frozen carbonated beverage
comprising a freeze chamber in which the beverage is frozen wherein
the addition of beverage to the freeze chamber is controlled in
response to the pressure in the freeze chamber.
[0007] The pressure in the freeze chamber is related to the level
(volume) of frozen carbonated beverage in the freeze cylinder and
controlling the addition of unfrozen beverage to the freeze chamber
in response to the pressure provides a simple and effective method
of controlling the beverage level in the freeze chamber.
[0008] In use, as frozen carbonated beverage is dispensed, the
pressure in the freeze chamber falls until a pre-determined lower
pressure is detected at which beverage is added to the freeze
chamber until a pre-determined upper pressure is detected at which
the addition of beverage is stopped. The difference between the
upper and lower pressures may be such that several frozen
carbonated beverages may be dispensed before beverage is added to
the freeze cylinder.
[0009] Preferably, beverage is added to the freeze cylinder at a
rate that matches the cooling rate of the beverage within the
freeze cylinder so that unfrozen beverage added to the freeze
chamber is rapidly frozen and does not significantly alter the
viscosity (consistency) of the frozen carbonated beverage within
the freeze cylinder. In this way, frozen carbonated beverage having
the desired viscosity (consistency) may be dispensed while adding
unfrozen beverage to the freeze chamber.
[0010] Preferably, the beverage is carbonated within the freeze
chamber. In a preferred arrangement, the beverage and carbonating
gas are added simultaneously to the freeze chamber. In this
arrangement, the carbonating gas may be introduced to the beverage
line upstream of the freeze cylinder so that the
beverage/carbonating gas mixture is introduced simultaneously into
the freeze cylinder, Some in-line carbonation of the beverage may
then occur in the beverage line with the carbonation process being
completed within the freeze cylinder.
[0011] Preferably, the freeze cylinder is maintained at a
temperature below the freezing temperature of the beverage during a
freeze mode of operation, for example below 0.degree. C. for a
beverage containing water and syrup. In this way, carbonation may
be carried out below the freezing point of the beverage within the
freeze chamber.
[0012] Preferably, the addition of beverage is controlled by a
control unit in response to the pressure in the freeze cylinder.
Where the beverage is a mixture of two or more components, for
example a diluent such as water and a concentrate such as syrup,
the beverage components may be pre-mixed for supply to the
apparatus. More preferably, however, the apparatus is connectable
to supplies of the components and is arranged to mix the components
in-line for addition to the freeze chamber.
[0013] In this arrangement, the control unit includes means for
mixing the components in the required ratio for the beverage to be
produced. Such means preferably comprises a ratio pump comprising a
separate pump unit for each component and an actuator for
simultaneously operating the pump units to deliver the components
to a line for mixing and delivering the components to the freeze
chamber in the correct ratio.
[0014] The ratio pump may be adjustable to vary the amounts of the
components for achieving the desired ratio of components for the
beverage to be produced and/or the flow rate of the combined
components for achieving the desired fill rate in the freeze
cylinder.
[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, there
is provided a method of dispensing a frozen carbonated beverage
comprising providing a freeze cylinder in which the beverage is
frozen for dispense and controlling the addition of beverage to the
freeze chamber in response to the pressure in the freeze
cylinder.
[0016] Preferably, the beverage is carbonated in the freeze
cylinder.
[0017] According to yet another aspect of the present invention,
there is provided apparatus for dispensing a frozen carbonated
beverage comprising a freeze chamber in which the beverage is
carbonated and frozen.
[0018] Carbonating the beverage in the freeze chamber avoids the
provision of a separate carbonator to carbonate the beverage.
[0019] According to another aspect of the present invention, there
is provided a method of dispensing a frozen carbonated beverage
comprising providing a freeze cylinder in which the beverage is
carbonated and frozen for dispense.
[0020] According to a further aspect of the present invention,
there is provided apparatus for dispensing a carbonated beverage
comprising a freeze chamber in which the beverage is frozen,
wherein the beverage comprises a mixture of at least two components
and a ratio pump is provided for controlling addition of the
components in the required ratio.
[0021] Preferably, the ratio pump comprises a separate pump unit
for each component and means for simultaneously actuating the pump
units to provide the components in the required ratio.
[0022] Preferably, the actuating means controls the pumping stroke
to achieve a desired fill rate in the freeze chamber. For example,
the fill rate may be chosen to substantially match the cooling rate
of the beverage in the freeze chamber.
[0023] According to another aspect of the present invention, there
is provided a method of dispensing a frozen carbonated beverage
comprising providing a, freeze cylinder in which the beverage is
frozen for dispense, and providing a ratio pump for adding beverage
to the freeze chamber.
[0024] According to a still further aspect of the present
invention, there is provided apparatus for dispensing a frozen
carbonated beverage comprising a freeze chamber in which the
beverage is frozen, a dispense tap or valve for dispensing frozen
carbonated beverage and means for adding beverage to the freeze
chamber at a rate that substantially matches the rate of cooling of
beverage within the freeze chamber.
[0025] By matching the fill rate to the cooling rate, unfrozen
beverage added to the freeze chamber is converted to frozen
beverage in an efficient manner and does not significantly affect
the viscosity (consistency/quality) of the frozen beverage in the
freeze chamber.
[0026] According to another aspect of the present invention, there
is provided a method of dispensing a frozen carbonated beverage
comprising providing a freeze cylinder in which the beverage is
frozen for dispense, and controlling the addition of beverage to
the freeze chamber so that the fill rate substantially matches the
cooling rate of beverage within the freeze chamber.
[0027] According to yet another aspect of the present invention,
there is provided apparatus for dispensing a frozen carbonated
beverage comprising a freeze chamber in which the beverage is
frozen, wherein beverage and carbonating gas are introduced to the
freeze chamber in the same line.
[0028] By adding the beverage and carbonating gas to the freeze
chamber in the same line, carbonation of the beverage within the
freeze chamber is promoted so that the desired carbonation level
can be achieved and carbonated beverage frozen in an efficient
manner. Some pre-carbonation of the beverage in the supply line may
also be effected thereby further enhancing the carbonation
process.
[0029] According to another aspect of the present invention, there
is provided a method of dispensing a frozen carbonated beverage
comprising providing a freeze cylinder in which the beverage is
frozen for dispense, and adding the beverage and a carbonating gas
to the freeze chamber at the same time.
[0030] According to yet another aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a frozen carbonated beverage dispensed by the
apparatus or method according to any of the preceding aspects of
the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0031] FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of one embodiment of an
apparatus for dispensing frozen carbonated beverages according to
the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT
[0032] The invention will now be described in more detail, by way
of example only, with reference to the accompanying FIG. 1
schematic drawing of one embodiment of an apparatus for dispensing
frozen carbonated beverages according to the invention.
[0033] As shown the apparatus has a ratio pump 1 having a syrup
pump unit 2 connected to a source 3 of syrup via a syrup line 4 and
a water pump unit 5 connected to a source 6 of water via a water
line 7. In this embodiment the source 3 of syrup is a so-called
"bag in box" container and the source 6 of water is the mains
supply. It will be understood however that any other suitable
sources of syrup and water may be employed.
[0034] A vacuum switch 8 is provided in the syrup line 4 to detect
when the syrup source 3 is empty and provide a signal to an
electronic control unit (not shown), for example a printed circuit
board, to shut-down the ratio pump 1 until the syrup source 3 is
replaced. A visual and/or audible warning signal may be provided to
indicate that the syrup source 3 needs to be replaced. For example
an LED light may be illuminated and/or a buzzer may be
activated.
[0035] A regulator 9 is provided in the water line 7 to reduce the
water pressure so that a constant supply pressure is maintained. In
this embodiment the regulator reduces the water pressure to 7 psi
but it will be understood that other pressures can be employed. The
reduced water pressure enables the apparatus to be used with
different supply pressures and allows fluctuations in the supply
pressure to be accommodated.
[0036] The syrup pump unit 2 comprises a piston 2a slid able in a
cylinder 2b to draw syrup into the cylinder 2b through syrup line 4
(suction stroke) and expel syrup from the cylinder 2b through line
10 (pump stroke). Non-return valves 11,12 in the lines 4,10 control
the flow to and from the cylinder 2b and ensure a pre-determined
volume of syrup is expelled from the cylinder 2b for each complete
stroke of the piston 2a (suction and pump strokes).
[0037] In like manner, the water pump unit 5 comprises a piston 5a
slidable in a cylinder 5b to draw water into the cylinder 51a
through water line 7 (suction stroke) and expel water from the
cylinder 5b through line 13 (pump stroke). Non-return valves 14,15
in the lines 7,13 control the flow to and from the cylinder 5b and
ensure a pre-determined volume of water is expelled from the
cylinder 5b for each complete stroke of the piston 5a (suction and
pump strokes).
[0038] The pistons 2a,5a are connected to a pivotally mounted lever
16 connected to an. actuator 17 for simultaneously reciprocating
the pistons 2a,5a in the cylinders 2b,5b. The pump units 2,5 are
sized so that the ratio pump 1 simultaneously delivers known
volumes of syrup and water to the lines 10,13 in a pre-determined
ratio for the beverage to be produced.
[0039] The actuator 17 comprises a piston/cylinder unit having a
piston 18 slidable in a cylinder 19 in response to a pressure
differential created across the piston 18 by simultaneously
connecting opposite ends of the cylinder 19 to a source 20 of gas
under pressure and atmosphere respectively and reversing the
connections at the end of each stroke of the piston 18 by means of
a valve 21.
[0040] As shown, fluid lines 22,23 connect opposite ends of the
cylinder 19 to one side of the valve 21 and fluid line 24 connects
the source 20 of gas under pressure to the other side of the valve
21. The valve is operable to alternately connect lines 22,23 to
line 24 and to exhaust ports 21a, 21b for reversing the pressure
differential across the piston 18.
[0041] Sensors (not shown) may be arranged to detect the position
of the piston 18 in the cylinder 19 and provide a signal to the
electronic control unit to switch the valve to reverse the
connections at the end of each stroke. In this embodiment, the
source of gas is carbon dioxide at 40 psi but it will be understood
that any other pressure and/or any other gas or mixture of gases
such as air may be employed. It will also be understood that the
piston/cylinder unit may be replaced by any other suitable means
for operating the ratio pump 1 such as an electric motor.
[0042] Downstream of the ratio pump 1, the syrup line 10 is joined
to the water line 13 at a T-connector 25 for mixing the syrup with
the water to produce uncarbonated beverage that flows in line 26
from the T-connector 25 to an, on/off solenoid valve 27.
[0043] Upstream of the solenoid valve 27, the beverage line 26 is
connected to a source 28 of carbonating gas via line 29 and a
non-return valve 30 in gas line 29 prevents back-flow of gas and/or
beverage from beverage line 26. In this embodiment, carbon dioxide
at 24 psi is used but it will be understood that other pressures
may be employed according to the operating requirements as
described later.
[0044] The solenoid valve 27 is connected to a freeze chamber 31
via line 32 for controlling the flow of the beverage and carbon
dioxide mixture to the freeze chamber 31. The beverage may be
partially carbonated within lines 26 and 32 and is rapidly
carbonated to the desired level on entry to the freeze chamber
31.
[0045] The apparatus includes a refrigeration circuit (not shown)
having an evaporator within the freeze chamber 31. The evaporator
cools the carbonated beverage to form frozen carbonated beverage
within the freeze chamber 31 and an agitator (not shown) such as an
Archimedes screw is operable to circulate the frozen beverage
within the freeze chamber 31 to maintain the desired viscosity
(consistency) of the frozen beverage for dispense and prevent the
frozen beverage forming a solid mass within the freeze chamber
31.
[0046] In this embodiment, the temperature within the freeze
chamber is maintained at approximately -3.degree. C. to -4.degree.
C. and the low temperature also assists the carbonation process
within the freeze chamber 31. It will be understood that the
temperature in the freeze chamber 31 may be altered according to
the freezing point of the carbonated beverage and/or the desired
viscosity of the frozen carbonated beverage.
[0047] The freeze chamber 31 is constructed to withstand the
elevated pressures arising within the chamber in use and is
connected to a dispense tap 33 for dispensing frozen carbonated
beverage into a cup or other suitable receptacle (not shown) placed
under the tap 33. The other components of the apparatus are mounted
in a casing with the appropriate adaptors for connection to the
supply lines and having an outlet 35 for escape of carbon dioxide
released by the valve 21 to atmosphere. The freeze chamber 31 may
be mounted on the casing to provide a compact unit that can be
sited on a shelf or, counter top.
[0048] In use, the pressure in the headspace of the freeze chamber
31 will fall as frozen carbonated beverage is dispensed from the
dispense tap 33. A pressure sensor 34 monitors the pressure in line
32 and freeze chamber 31 and provides a signal to the electronic
control unit when the pressure reaches a pre-determined lower
pressure to start the ratio pump 1.
[0049] The electronic control unit monitors switches (not shown)
controlling the suction and pumping strokes of the pump units 2,5.
When the pumping stroke is detected, the electronic control unit
opens the solenoid valve 27 to admit the beverage/carbon dioxide
mixture to the freeze chamber 31 and, when the suction stroke is
detected, the electronic control unit closes the solenoid valve 27.
This prevents the water supply by-passing the non-return valves
14,15 of the pump unit 5 and flooding the freeze chamber 31.
[0050] The ratio pump 1 is operable to add the beverage/carbon
dioxide mixture to the freeze chamber 31 at a rate that
substantially matches the rate of cooling of the beverage in the
freeze chamber 31. In this way, the addition of unfrozen beverage
does not have a significant effect on the viscosity (consistency)
of the frozen beverage in the freeze chamber 31 and frozen
carbonated beverage can be dispensed while re-filling the freeze
chamber 31.
[0051] The ratio pump 1 is operable to add the beverage/carbon
dioxide mixture to the freeze chamber 31 until the pressure sensor
34 detects a predetermined upper pressure. At this point, the
control unit stops the ratio pump 1 at the end of the suction
stroke so that the pump units 2,5 contain syrup and water ready for
the next re-fill.
[0052] In this embodiment, the lower pressure is set at 26 psi and
the upper pressure is set at 28 psi but it will be understood that
these may be altered to suit the characteristics of the beverage to
be dispensed. The pressure of the carbonating gas supply is set
below the lower pump cut-in pressure in the freeze chamber 31 so
that carbonating gas does not flood the freeze chamber when the
solenoid valve 27 is opened to re-fill the freeze chamber 31.
[0053] The electronic control unit is programmed to switch the
apparatus between the freeze mode of operation described above and
a defrost mode of operation for carrying out a defrost cycle when
the apparatus is not in use, for example overnight. During the
de-frost mode the frozen beverage in the freeze chamber 31 is
thawed and maintained at a temperature just above freezing, for
example +2.degree. C., until the apparatus switches back to the
freeze mode of operation. In this way, the time to re-freeze the
beverage after the de-frost cycle is reduced.
[0054] The apparatus also includes a manual over-ride switch (not
shown) to allow operation of the ratio pump 1 when installing the
apparatus so the freeze cylinder 31 can be filled to a
pre-determined level, before starting the freeze mode of operation.
The over-ride switch is turned off after installation and concealed
with a tamper-proof cover to prevent unauthorised operation. The
electronic control unit can then be programmed with the times for
the automatic de-frost mode of operation.
[0055] It will be understood that the invention is not limited to
the embodiment above-described and that various modifications and
improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the
invention. For example, the invention may be employed for dispense
of non-alcoholic frozen carbonated beverages such as lemonade,
colas, and alcoholic frozen carbonated beverages such as granita,
beer, lager, cider, Other frozen carbonated beverages that can be
dispensed will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The
invention may also be employed for the dispense of frozen beverages
containing a gas or mixture of gases other than carbon dioxide, for
example nitrogen and the term "carbonated beverage" is to be
construed accordingly.
[0056] The beverage may comprise a mixture of two or more
components. Where more than two components are to be mixed in a
desired ratio, separate pump units may be provided for, each
component and arranged for simultaneous operation. Alternatively or
additionally, a dosing unit may be provided to add a component such
as a flavour to the beverage either in the supply to the freeze
chamber or in the freeze chamber.
[0057] The apparatus may comprise more than one freeze chamber and
a control system operable via a user interface for dispensing a
selected frozen beverage or combination of frozen beverages. A
combination of frozen beverages may be dispensed simultaneously or
successively to produce different effects in the dispensed
beverage. For example, we may dispense a frozen carbonated beverage
having alternate layers of frozen material with different flavours,
colours, tastes or smells. We may dispense a frozen carbonated
beverage with a frozen non-carbonated beverage and/or with an
unfrozen carbonated or non-carbonated beverage containing the same
or different material. Other types of beverage that can be
dispensed will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
* * * * *