U.S. patent application number 11/311938 was filed with the patent office on 2007-01-11 for multi-phase candle.
This patent application is currently assigned to BMC Manufacturing,LLC. Invention is credited to Dennis Wayne Bartholomew, Michael Licciardello, Tommie Susanne Smith.
Application Number | 20070006521 11/311938 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37617028 |
Filed Date | 2007-01-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070006521 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Licciardello; Michael ; et
al. |
January 11, 2007 |
Multi-phase candle
Abstract
A multi-phase candle is provided that contains at least two
contiguous phases that occupy separate and distinct physical
spaces, and are not emulsified or mixed to any significant degree.
The phases may possess a different color (including transparent and
opaque phases). The contiguous phases of the candle are generally
formed from respective wax compositions that are the same or
different, and contain one or more waxes (including blends
thereof).
Inventors: |
Licciardello; Michael;
(Spartanburg, SC) ; Smith; Tommie Susanne;
(Spartanburg, SC) ; Bartholomew; Dennis Wayne;
(Aiken, SC) |
Correspondence
Address: |
DORITY & MANNING, P.A.
POST OFFICE BOX 1449
GREENVILLE
SC
29602-1449
US
|
Assignee: |
BMC Manufacturing,LLC
|
Family ID: |
37617028 |
Appl. No.: |
11/311938 |
Filed: |
December 19, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60698167 |
Jul 11, 2005 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
44/275 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11C 5/008 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
044/275 |
International
Class: |
C11C 5/00 20060101
C11C005/00 |
Claims
1. A candle comprising first and second contiguous phases that are
substantially immiscible and arranged in a three-dimensional spiral
pattern, wherein the first phase is formed from a first wax
composition and the second phase is formed from a second wax
composition, the first and second wax compositions each containing
at least about 50 wt. % of at least one wax and having a viscosity
of from about 500 to about 5000 centipoise, as measured with a
Brookfield viscometer at a temperature of 39.degree. C. and a
spindle speed of 20 revolutions per minute.
2. The candle of claim 1, wherein the first wax composition, the
second wax composition, or both comprise from about 60 wt. % to
about 90 wt. % of at least one wax.
3. The candle of claim 1, wherein the first wax composition, the
second composition, or both comprise petroleum wax, vegetable wax,
or blends thereof.
4. The candle of claim 3, wherein the first wax composition, the
second composition, or both comprise petrolatum, paraffin wax,
microcrystalline wax, or blends thereof.
5. The candle of claim 1, wherein the first wax composition
comprises a polar wax and the second wax composition comprises a
nonpolar wax.
6. The candle of claim 5, wherein the polar wax is vegetable wax
and the nonpolar wax is petroleum wax.
7. The candle of claim 1, wherein the first and second wax
composition each have a viscosity of from about 750 to about 3000
centipoise, as measured with a Brookfield viscometer at a
temperature of 39.degree. C. and a spindle speed of 20 revolutions
per minutes.
8. The candle of claim 1, wherein the first and second wax
composition each have a viscosity of from about 900 to about 2500
centipoise, as measured with a Brookfield viscometer at a
temperature of 39.degree. C. and a spindle speed of 20 revolutions
per minute.
9. The candle of claim 1, wherein the first wax composition, the
second wax composition, or both comprise a viscosity modifier.
10. The candle of claim 9, wherein the viscosity modifier comprises
an ester oil.
11. The candle of claim 9, wherein the viscosity modifier
constitutes less than about 20 wt. % of the first wax composition,
the second wax composition, or both.
12. The candle of claim 9, wherein the viscosity modifier
constitutes from about 1 to about 15 wt. % of the first wax
composition, the second wax composition, or both.
13. The candle of claim 1, wherein the first and second phases are
visually distinctive.
14. The candle of claim 13, wherein the first phase has a different
color than the second phase.
15. The candle of claim 1, wherein the first wax composition, the
second wax composition, or both comprise a colorant, fragrance,
ultraviolet stabilizer, or combinations thereof.
16. The candle of claim 1, wherein the spiral pattern defines a
spiral angle of from 0.degree. to about 90.degree..
17. The candle of claim 1, wherein the spiral pattern defines a
spiral angle of from about 30.degree. to about 45.degree..
18. The candle of claim 1, wherein the spiral pattern defines from
about 2 to about 50 stripes.
19. The candle of claim 1, wherein the spiral pattern defines from
about 4 to about 12 stripes.
20. The candle of claim 1, wherein the spiral pattern defines at
least one stripe having a pitch in a plane normal to the stripe of
from about 0.25 to about 10 centimeters.
21. The candle of claim 1, wherein the spiral pattern defines at
least one stripe having a pitch in a plane normal to the stripe of
from about 1 to about 2.5 centimeters.
22. The candle of claim 1, wherein the first and second phases are
disposed within a container.
23. The candle of claim 1, further comprising a wick.
24. The candle of claim 1, further comprising an additional
phase.
25. A candle comprising first and second contiguous phases that are
substantially immiscible and arranged in a three-dimensional spiral
pattern, wherein the first phase is formed from a first wax
composition and the second phase is formed from a second wax
composition, the first and second wax compositions each containing
from about 60 wt. % to about 95 wt. % of at least one wax, each wax
composition also having a viscosity of from about 500 to about 5000
centipoise, as measured with a Brookfield viscometer at a
temperature of 39.degree. C. and a spindle speed of 20 revolutions
per minute.
26. The candle of claim 25, wherein the first wax composition, the
second composition, or both comprise petroleum wax, vegetable wax,
or blends thereof.
27. The candle of claim 25, wherein the first wax composition
comprises a polar wax and the second wax composition comprises a
nonpolar wax.
28. The candle of claim 26, wherein the polar wax is vegetable wax
and the nonpolar wax is petroleum wax.
29. The candle of claim 25, wherein the first and second wax
composition each have a viscosity of from about 750 to about 3000
centipoise, as measured with a Brookfield viscometer at a
temperature of 39.degree. C. and a spindle speed of 20 revolutions
per minute.
30. The candle of claim 25, wherein the first and second wax
composition each have a viscosity of from about 900 to about 2500
centipoise, as measured with a Brookfield viscometer at a
temperature of 39.degree. C. and a spindle speed of 20 revolutions
per minute.
31. The candle of claim 25, wherein the first and second phases are
visually distinctive.
32. The candle of claim 31, wherein the first phase has a different
color than the second phase.
33. A method for forming a candle, the method comprising: supplying
a first wax composition and a second wax composition to a nozzle
assembly, the first and second wax compositions each containing at
least about 50 wt. % of at least one wax and having a viscosity of
from about 500 to about 5000 centipoise, as measured with a
Brookfield viscometer at a temperature of 39.degree. C. and a
spindle speed of 20 revolutions per minute; inducing relative
rotation between the nozzle assembly and a container; and
dispensing the first and second wax compositions into the container
to form the candle, the candle having first and second contiguous
phases that are substantially immiscible.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the nozzle assembly is rotated
relative to the container.
35. The method of claim 33, wherein the nozzle assembly rotates at
a speed of from about 50 to about 1000 revolutions per minute.
36. The method of claim 33, wherein the nozzle assembly rotates at
a speed of from about 200 to about 500 revolutions per minute.
37. The method of claim 33, wherein the first and second wax
compositions are dispensed while the nozzle assembly is moved away
from the container in a vertical direction.
38. The method of claim 33, wherein the temperature of the first
wax composition, the second wax composition, or both is from about
20.degree. C. to about 45.degree. C. before being dispensed into
the container.
39. The method of claim 33, wherein the temperature of the first
wax composition, the second wax composition, or both is from about
25.degree. C. to about 35.degree. C. before being dispensed into
the container.
40. The method of claim 33, wherein the first wax composition, the
second composition, or both comprise petroleum wax, vegetable wax,
or blends thereof.
41. The method of claim 33, wherein the first and second wax
composition each have a viscosity of from about 750 to about 3000
centipoise, as measured with a Brookfield viscometer at a
temperature of 39.degree. C. and a spindle speed of 20 rpms.
42. The method of claim 33, wherein the first and second wax
composition each have a viscosity of from about 900 to about 2500
centipoise, as measured with a Brookfield viscometer at a
temperature of 39.degree. C. and a spindle speed of 20 rpms.
43. The method of claim 33, wherein the first and second phases are
visually distinctive.
44. The method of claim 43, wherein the first phase has a different
color than the second phase.
45. The method of claim 33, wherein the first and second phases are
arranged in a three-dimensional spiral pattern.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/698,167, which was filed on Jul. 11, 2005.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Candles have enjoyed a significant increase in popularity
over the past several years. As their popularity has risen, candles
of many different types, shapes, and colors have been developed.
For example, candles have been formed that contain multiple colored
layers for providing a decorative effect. U.S. Patent Application
Publication No. 2002/0168600 to McGee, et al. describes one such
decorative candle that contains an opaque region and a transparent
region. The decorative candle is formed by dispensing one material
into a container, allowing the material to cool to form a first
region, and thereafter, forming the other region. Unfortunately,
such techniques for forming a colored candle are time-consuming,
costly, and difficult to control in that they require multiple
dispensing and cooling steps. As such, a need currently exists for
an improved technique for forming a candle having multiple
colors.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention,
a candle is disclosed that comprises first and second contiguous
phases that are substantially immiscible and arranged in a
three-dimensional spiral pattern. The first phase is formed from a
first wax composition and the second phase is formed from a second
wax composition. The first and second wax compositions each contain
at least about 50 wt. % of at least one wax and have a viscosity of
from about 500 to about 5000 centipoise, as measured with a
Brookfield viscometer at a temperature of 39.degree. C. and a
spindle speed of 20 revolutions per minute.
[0004] In accordance with another embodiment of the present
invention, a method for forming a candle is disclosed. The method
comprises supplying a first wax composition and a second wax
composition to a nozzle assembly, the first and second wax
compositions each containing at least about 50 wt. % of at least
one wax and having a viscosity of from about 500 to about 5000
centipoise, as measured with a Brookfield viscometer at a
temperature of 39.degree. C. and a spindle speed of 20 revolutions
per minute. Relative rotation is induced between the nozzle
assembly and a container. The first and second wax compositions are
dispensed into the container to form the candle, the candle having
first and second contiguous phases that are substantially
immiscible.
[0005] Other features and aspects of the present invention are set
forth in more detail below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention,
including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill
in the art, is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the
specification, which makes reference to the appended figures in
which:
[0007] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a
multi-phase candle of the present invention disposed within a
container;
[0008] FIG. 2 illustrates the pitch and spiral angle parameters for
the spiral pattern of the multi-phase candle shown in FIG. 1;
and
[0009] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a
filling system that may be used in the present invention to form a
multi-phase candle.
[0010] The figures are not necessarily to scale. Further, repeat
use of reference characters in the present specification and
drawings is intended to represent same or analogous features or
elements of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF REPRESENTATIVE EMBODIMENTS
[0011] It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art
that the present discussion is a description of exemplary
embodiments only, and is not intended as limiting the broader
aspects of the present invention, which broader aspects are
embodied in the exemplary construction
[0012] Generally speaking, the present invention is directed to a
multi-phase candle. As used herein, the term "multi-phase"
generally refers to a composition having at least two contiguous
phases that occupy separate and distinct physical spaces, and are
not emulsified or mixed to any significant degree. The phases are
also visually distinctive, e.g., they possess a different color
(including transparent and opaque phases). One benefit of the
present invention is the ability to arrange the phases in a variety
of different patterns to achieve a desired aesthetic candle design.
Exemplary patterns that may be formed in accordance with the
present invention include, but are not limited to stripes, marbles,
rectilinear, interrupted stripes, checkers, clustered, speckles,
spots, ribbons, arrays, grooves, waves, sinusoidal, curves, cycles,
streaks, striations, contours, laces, weaves, etc. In one
particular embodiment, the phases are arranged in a
three-dimensional spiral ("swirl") pattern, such as a cylindrical
spiral (i.e., helix), conical helix (i.e., vortex), and so forth.
The stripes of the spiral pattern may be uniform or non-uniform
across the dimension of the candle. Further, the spiral pattern may
or may not extend across the entire dimension of the candle.
[0013] Referring to FIG. 1, for instance, one embodiment of a
candle 10 that may be formed in accordance with the present
invention is shown. As shown, the candle 10 is formed from two
contiguous phases 16 and 18 that form a spiral pattern. Although
two phases are shown, it should be understood that any number of
phases may be employed in the present invention, such as three
phases, four phases, etc. In this embodiment, each of the phases 16
and 18 are substantially continuous and extend across the entire
dimension of the candle 10. The appearance and aesthetic appeal of
the spiral pattern may be varied in the present invention by
selectively controlling one or more geometrical parameters of the
pattern. For instance, the direction of the spiral twist may be
either left or right. In addition, the relative orientation (i.e.,
horizontal or vertical) of the spiral may also be varied to achieve
a desired pattern. As shown in FIG. 2, for instance, the relative
orientation of the spiral is dependent on the angle .beta.. More
specifically, smaller spiral angles .beta. result in patterns that
are more horizontal in nature, while larger angles result in
patterns that are more vertical in nature. In most embodiments, the
angle .beta. ranges from 0.degree. to about 90.degree., in some
embodiments from about 10.degree. to about 60.degree., and in some
embodiments from about 30.degree. to about 45.degree..
[0014] The number of stripes may also be varied to achieve a
desired spiral pattern. For example, the number of stripes may vary
from about 2 to about 50, in some embodiments from about 3 to about
25, and in some embodiments, from about 4 to about 12. In the
embodiment shown in FIG. 1, for instance, each contiguous phase 16
and 18 forms two (2) stripes, such that the resulting spiral
pattern contains a total of four (4) stripes. To achieve the
desired number of stripes for a given candle size, the size of the
spirals may be appropriately controlled. For instance, a spiral
stripe has two related pitches, one in the plane of rotation
(".rho..sub.n") of the stripe and the other in a plane normal to
the stripe (".rho..sub.t") (FIG. 2). The number of stripes for a
given candle size may be increased by reducing the pitch
.rho..sub.n and/or .rho..sub.t. The pitch .rho..sub.n may range
from about 0.25 to about 10 centimeters, in some embodiments from
about 0.5 to about 5 centimeters, and in some embodiments, from
about 1 to about 2.5 centimeters. Likewise, the pitch .rho..sub.t
may range from about 0.25 to about 10 centimeters, in some
embodiments from about 0.5 to about 5 centimeters, and in some
embodiments, from about 1 to about 2.5 centimeters. As noted above,
the radius and size of the stripes are not necessarily uniform
across the entire spiral pattern. Thus, it should be understood
that the spiral angle and pitch values referenced above represent
only average values.
[0015] Referring again to FIG. 1, the candle 10 is also disposed
within a container 18 (e.g., jar), although self-supporting candles
(e.g., votives, tealights, tarts, pillars, etc.) candles are
equally suitable for use in the present invention. The candle 10
may have any desired shape and/or size. In FIG. 1, for instance,
the candle 10 has a circular base and sidewalls, with the container
18 having a shape and size corresponding to the shape and size of
the candle 10. The container 18 may be made from any of a variety
of materials, such as glass, ceramics, earthenware, metals, and so
forth. The container 18 may be clear, opaque, translucent, or
otherwise decorated. In addition, the container 18 also defines an
opening through which the fragrance may be released. Although not
shown, a top or lid may optionally be employed to cover the opening
prior to the desired release of the fragrance. The lid may prevent
the release of the fragrance, or it may contain one or more
openings to allow the fragrance to dissipate therethrough. If
desired, such a perforated lid may be employed during use to
control the extent of the fragrance released to the surrounding
environment. In addition, the candle 10 may also be provided with
one or more air channels through which the evaporating fragrance is
capable of passing. The candle 10 also includes a wick 22. The wick
may be made from an absorbent material (e.g., cotton embedded with
a metal) adapted for the transfer of the candle fuel by capillary
action. Alternatively, the candle 10 may be wickless and instead be
heated with a warming device, such as those that are electrically
operated.
[0016] To reduce the likelihood of bleeding, it is normally desired
that the contiguous phases are formed from compositions that are
solid or semi-solid at room temperature (e.g., about 25.degree.
C.). In this regard, such phases are generally formed from one or
more waxes. A "wax" is a natural or synthetic mixture of
hydrocarbons and derivatives thereof that typically melts above
40.degree. C. and is a solid or semi-solid at room temperature.
Suitable waxes may include, for instance, insect and animal waxes,
such as beeswax, lanolin, shellac wax, chinese insect wax, and
spermaceti; vegetable waxes, such as carnauba, candelila, japan
wax, ouricury wax, rice-bran wax, jojoba wax, castor wax, bayberry
wax, sugar cane wax, soybean wax, palm wax and maize wax; petroleum
waxes, such as petrolatum, paraffin wax, semi-microcrystalline wax,
microcrystalline wax, ozokerite and ceresin waxes; synthetic waxes,
such as polyethylene wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, chlorinated
naphthalene wax, substituted amide wax, ester waxes, and
.alpha.-olefin wax; and blends thereof.
[0017] Petroleum waxes are particularly suitable for use in certain
embodiments of the present invention. One example of such a wax is
petrolatum (also known as petrolatum or mineral jelly). Petrolatum
waxes are derived from heavy residual lube stock by propane
dilution and filtering or centrifuging. They are microcrystalline
in character, semi-solid at room temperature (e.g., about
25.degree. C.) and are formed predominantly of saturated
crystalline and liquid hydrocarbons having carbon numbers greater
than C.sub.25. Some suitable grades of petrolatum are available
from The International Group, Inc. ("IGI") of Wayne, Pa. under the
names PETAX.RTM. 310 and 386 (medium consistency or hardness), as
well as PETAX.RTM. 320, 321 and 387 (soft). PETAX.RTM. 310 has a
melt transition point of from 51.7 to 60.0.degree. C. (as
determined by ASTM D 127).
[0018] Another example of a suitable petroleum wax is paraffin wax,
which is a solid mixture of purified, saturated aliphatic
hydrocarbons. Paraffin waxes are extracted from the high boiling
fractions of crude petroleum during the refining process. Paraffin
waxes are primarily formed from straight chain molecules with a
small amount of branched-chain molecules having branching near the
end of the chains. As a result of the long, straight chains,
paraffin waxes have large, well-formed crystals. Although the
melting (or congealing) point of paraffin waxes generally depends
on the particular grade, most solid crystalline paraffin waxes have
a melting point within a temperature range of about 50.degree. C.
to about 60.degree. C. The degree of refinement may also influence
the properties of the wax. For example, scale waxes have an oil
content of from about 1.0 to about 3.0 wt. %, semi-refined paraffin
waxes have an oil content of from about 0.5 to 1.0 wt. %, and fully
refined paraffin waxes have an oil content of less than about 0.5
wt. %. Due to their low oil content, fully refined paraffin waxes
are dry, hard, and capable of imparting good gloss, and thus often
utilized in the present invention
[0019] Still another suitable petroleum wax for use in the present
invention is microcrystalline wax (MC). Microcrystalline wax is
generally composed of branched and cyclic hydrocarbons having
carbon chain lengths of about 30 to about 100 and has melting point
within the range of about 75.degree. C. to about 85.degree. C.
Microcrystalline waxes differ from paraffin waxes with respect to
their physical properties, chain structure and length, crystal type
and in the process of manufacture. Further, they are generally
tougher, more flexible and have a higher viscosity and melting
points than paraffin waxes. Oil content varies with grade, but is
usually between 2 to 12%.
[0020] Besides petroleum waxes, other types of waxes are also
suitable for use in the present invention. For example,
vegetable-derived waxes ("vegetable waxes") may be employed to form
one or more phases of the candle. Vegetable waxes are
triacylglycerols formed by partially or fully hydrogenating
vegetable oils. Suitable oils for use in forming vegetable waxes
may include soybean, soy stearine, stearine, corn, cottonseed,
rape, canola, sunflower, palm, palm kernel, coconut, crambe,
linseed, peanut, and blends thereof. The vegetable oil may be
hydrogenated to obtain a desired set of physical characteristics,
e.g., melting point, solid fat content, and/or Iodine Value. For
example, the vegetable wax typically has a melting point of about
49.degree. C. to about 58.degree. C., and in some embodiments, from
about 50.degree. C. to 55.degree. C. Likewise, the vegetable wax
typically has an Iodine Value of about 45 to 65, in some
embodiments from about 50 to about 60, and in some embodiments,
from about 52 to about 56. As is well known in the art, the Iodine
Value is a measure of the amount of iodine absorbed in a given time
by a compound or mixture and is an indication of the degree of
unsaturation, or the number of double bonds. Other suitable
vegetable waxes are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,824,572 to
Murphy and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0060927 to
Murphy, which are incorporated herein in their entirety by
reference thereto for all purposes.
[0021] The ability to form a candle with multiple phases depends
generally on the nature of the wax compositions used to form each
phase. Wax compositions that undergo substantial bleeding or mixing
when placed adjacent to each other do not generally form separate
and distinct phases. By carefully controlling the nature of the wax
compositions used to form each phase, however, the present
inventors have discovered that substantially immiscible, contiguous
phases may be achieved. In one embodiment, for example, the
materials used to form contiguous phases are selected for their
inherent tendency to remain immiscible. Petroleum waxes (e.g.,
petrolatum and paraffin wax), for instance, are formed primarily
from aliphatic hydrocarbons and are thus considered "non-polar."
When a non-polar wax is used to form one phase of the candle, a
"polar" wax may likewise be selected to form a contiguous phase.
One suitable polar wax is vegetable wax, which is a fatty acid
containing hydroxy- and/or carboxy-groups that impart polarity to
the wax molecule. Because polar waxes are generally immiscible in
non-polar waxes, the contiguous phases are likewise immiscible.
[0022] Unfortunately, the formation of immiscible phases from polar
and non-polar compositions typically requires the use of waxes
having a certain difference in polarity. In many cases, however, it
is desirable to use waxes that are either the same or closely
similar so as to improve processing efficiency and reduce costs. In
such embodiments, the present inventors have discovered that the
desired immiscibility may still be achieved through selective
control over the rheology of the compositions. Highly viscous
compositions, for instance, are not generally miscible to any
appreciable extent, and as such, may be used to form immiscible
phases. Too high of a viscosity, however, may adversely affect the
flowability of the material such that it is no longer easily
processed. In this regard, the present inventors have discovered
that the viscosity of the wax compositions may be controlled within
a certain range to simultaneously achieve both flowability and
immiscibility. More specifically, the viscosity may range from
about 500 to about 5000 centipoise, in some embodiments from about
750 to about 3000 centipoise, and in some embodiments, from about
900 to about 2500 centipoise, as measured with a Brookfield
viscometer at a temperature of 39.degree. C. and a spindle speed of
20 rpm (spindle size 21).
[0023] A variety of techniques may be employed in the present
invention to achieve the desired viscosity. For example, a
viscosity modifier may be used in some embodiments of the present
invention to reduce the viscosity of a wax. One particularly
suitable class of viscosity modifiers that may be used in the
present invention are esters oils, such as those having the formula
R.sub.1COOR.sub.2 wherein R.sub.1 is chosen from residues of higher
fatty acids comprising from 1 to 44 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is
chosen from hydrocarbonaceous chains comprising from 1 to 30 carbon
atoms. Examples of such ester oils may include isopropyl myristate,
isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, isopropyl oleate, n-butyl
stearate, n-hexyl laurate, n-decyl oleate, isooctyl stearate,
isononyl stearate, isononyl isononanoate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate,
2-ethylhexyl laurate, 2-hexyldecyl stearate, 2-octyldodecyl
palmitate, oleyl oleate, oleyl erucate, erucyl oleate, erucyl
erucate, and synthetic and natural mixtures of such esters, e.g.
jojoba oil. Other suitable oils may include silicone oils,
lanolins, adipic esters, butylene glycol diesters, dialkyl ethers
or carbonates, saturated or unsaturated, branched alcohols, and
fatty acid triglycerides, namely the triglycerol esters of
saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkanecarboxylic
acids with a chain length of from 8 to 24 carbon atoms. The fatty
acid triglycerides may include, for instance, olive oil, sunflower
oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, almond oil, palm oil,
coconut oil, palm kernel oil, castor oil, wheat germ oil, grape
seed oil, thistle oil, evening primrose oil, macadamian nut oil,
and so forth. One particularly beneficial aspect of the present
invention is that the viscosity modifier may also serve as an
antiflaring agent. For instance, one class of viscosity modifiers
that are also known to reduce flaring include stearic acid and the
esters thereof, such as isopropyl isostearate, butyl stearate,
hexadecyl stearate, isostearyl stearate, and mixtures thereof.
[0024] Many viscosity modifiers (e.g., oils) are liquids at room
temperature. However, as noted above, it is normally desired that
the contiguous phases remain a solid or semi-solid at room
temperature. Thus, the relative amount of waxes and viscosity
modifiers employed in the wax composition are generally balanced to
an extent that the desired viscosity level is achieved without
adversely affecting the solid or semi-solid properties of the
composition. For example, the content of viscosity modifiers in a
particular wax composition is generally less than about 20 wt. %,
in some embodiments from about 1 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, and in
some embodiments, from about 5 wt. % to about 10 wt. %. Likewise,
the total amount of viscosity modifiers employed in the candle may
also be less than about 20 wt. %, in some embodiments from about 1
wt. % to about 15 wt. %, and in some embodiments, from about 5 wt.
% to about 10 wt. % of the candle. The content of waxes in a
particular wax composition is also generally at least about 50 wt.
%, in some embodiments from about 60 wt. % to about 95 wt. %, and
in some embodiments, at least about 75 wt. % to about 90 wt. %. In
addition, the total amount of waxes employed in the candle may be
at least about 50 wt. %, in some embodiments from about 60 wt. % to
about 95 wt. %, and in some embodiments, at least about 75 wt. % to
about 90 wt. %.
[0025] When formed, the contiguous, substantially immiscible phases
are generally visually distinguishable at a macroscopic level. One
technique for providing the desired visual distinctiveness is to
simply use contiguous phases having a different color. For
instance, one phase may be red, blue, or green, while another phase
may be white or yellow. To impart the desired color, the wax
composition used to form the phase may include a colorant (e.g.,
pigment or dye). One class of suitable pigments, for instance, are
organic pigments, such as azo, disazo, azomethine, methine,
anthraquinone, phthalocyanine, perinone, perylene,
diketopyrrolopyrrole, thioindigo, iminoisoindoline, dioxazine,
iminoisoindolinone, quinacridone, flavanthrone, indanthrone,
anthrapyrimidine, quinophthalone and blends thereof (e.g.,
azo/anthraquinone). Specific pigments that may be used are those
described in the Color Index, including but not limited to C.I.
Pigment Red 202, C.I. Pigment Red 122, C.I. Pigment Red 179, C.I.
Pigment Red 170, C.I. Pigment Red 144, C.I. Pigment Red 177, C.I.
Pigment Red 254, C.I. Pigment Red 255, C.I. Pigment Red 264, C.I.
Pigment Brown 23, C.I. Pigment Yellow 95, C.I. Pigment Yellow 109,
C.I. Pigment Yellow 110, C.I. Pigment Yellow 147, C.I. Pigment
Yellow 191.1, C.I. Pigment Yellow 74, C.I. Pigment Yellow 83, C.I.
Pigment Yellow 13, C.I. Pigment Orange 61, C.I. Pigment Orange 71,
C.I. Pigment Orange 73, C.I. Pigment Orange 48, C.I. Pigment Orange
49, C.I. Pigment Blue 15, C.I. Pigment Blue 60, C.I. Pigment Violet
23, C.I. Pigment Violet 29, C.I. Pigment Violet 37, C.I. Pigment
Violet 19, C.I. Pigment Green 7, and C.I. Pigment Green 36.
Inorganic pigments may also be employed, such as carbon black, iron
oxide, antimony yellow, lead chromate, lead chromate sulfate, lead
molybdate, ultramarine blue, cobalt blue, manganese blue, chrome
oxide green, hydrated chrome oxide green, cobalt green, metal
sulfides, cadmium sulfoselenides, zinc ferrite, and bismuth
vanadate, titanium dioxide.
[0026] Generally, the colorant may be employed in any amount
sufficient to impart the desired color. For instance, the colorant
may constitute from about 0.001 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, in some
embodiments from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, and in some
embodiments, from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of a particular
wax composition. Likewise, the total amount of colorant employed in
the candle may also range from about 0.001 wt. % to about 10 wt. %,
in some embodiment from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, and in
some embodiments, from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of the
candle.
[0027] Besides color, the visual distinctiveness of the contiguous
phases may also be imparted in a variety of other ways. For
instance, one phase may be transparent and another phase may be
opaque. Alternatively, decorative items ("icons") may be embedded
within one or more phases of the candle to provide a desired
aesthetic design. Different icons or patterns thereof may be
embedded within the phases to provide the desired distinctiveness.
Alternatively, icons may be embedded in one phase for contrasting
with a contiguous phase that lacks such objects. Exemplary icons
may include, for instance, beads, botanicals (e.g., flowers, flower
petals, fruits, vegetables, plant parts, berries, twigs, leaves,
and so forth), candy, lettering, or any other item have a desired
shape, size, or decorative appeal.
[0028] Volatile fragrances may also be employed in one or more
phases of the candle to provide a desired scent during use. As used
herein, the term "volatile" or vaporizable substance refers to any
material released from the candle to the surrounding atmosphere
upon exposure to a certain amount of heat. The volatile fragrance
typically has a vapor pressure that is greater than the vapor
pressure of the gel at the "diffusion temperature", which is the
temperature under conditions of use at which the vaporizable
substance diffuses into the surrounding atmosphere upon exposure to
heat. For example, the volatile fragrance may begin to diffuse into
the surrounding environment at temperatures of greater than about
60.degree. C., in some embodiments greater than about 70.degree.
C., and in some embodiments, greater than about 80.degree. C.
[0029] Any fragrance conventionally employed in scented candles,
air fresheners, potpourri, perfumes, etc., may be employed in the
present invention. For instance, some suitable fragrances may
include myrrh, cedarwood, cedrenol, cedrol, birch, methyl
salicylate, fir balsam, sandalwood, santalol, juniper, benzoin,
coniferyl benzoate, thyme, thymol, bay, eugenol, myrcene, basil,
camphor, methyl cinnamate, cinnamon, cinnamic aldehyde, rosemary,
clove, and borneol. Still other suitable fragrances include
limonene, .alpha.-terpinene, .alpha.-pinene, camphene, undecanol,
4-isopropylcyclohexanol, geraniol, linalool, citronellol, farnesol,
menthol, 3-trans-isocamphylcyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol,
2-phenylethyl alcohol, 3-phenylpropanol, 3-methyl-5-phenylpentanol,
cinnamic alcohol, isoborneol, thymol, eugenol, isoeugenol, anise
alcohol, methyl salicylate, etc. Other suitable fragrances include
aldehydes and ketones, such as hexanal, decanal, 2-methyldecanal,
trans-2-hexenal, acetoin, diacetyl, geranial, citronellal,
methoxydihydro-citronellal, menthone, carvone, camphor, fenchone,
ionone, irone, damascone, cedryl methyl ketone, muscone, civetone,
2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, 2-heptylcyclopentanone,
cis-jasmone, dihydrojasmone, cyclopentadecanone, benzaldehyde,
phenylacetaldehyde, dihydrocinnamaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde,
.alpha.-amylcinnamaldehyde, acetophenone, benzylacetone,
benzophenone, piperonal, etc. Still other suitable fragrance
compounds include esters, such as trans-2-hexenyl acetate, allyl
3-cyclohexylpropionate, methyl cinnamate, benzyl cinnamate,
phenylethyl cinnamate, etc. Also, "spice", "floral", "fresh",
"ozone", "baked", "green", "citrus", "musk", "woods", and "balsam"
fragrances, which are available from Bridgewater Candle Co. of
Buffalo, S.C., may also be employed in the present invention.
[0030] The fragrance may be in liquid or solid form, such as a
freeze-dried or encapsulated powder. Most conventional fragrance
materials are volatile essential oils. Such oils may be
synthetically or naturally derived. Naturally derived fragrant oils
may include, for instance, bergamot, caraway, geranium, lavender,
origanum, petitgrain, white cedar, patchouli, lavandin, neroli,
rose absolute, and so forth. Synthetic fragrances may likewise
include geraniol, geranyl acetate, isoeugenol, linalool, linalyl
acetate, phenethyl alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, methylionone,
isobornyl acetate, etc. Still other synthetic fragrance
compositions may be employed, either alone or in combination with
natural oils, such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,324,915;
4,411,829; and 4,434,306, which are incorporated herein in their
entirety by reference thereto for all purposes. In contrast to
fragrant oils, crystalline or solid fragrances may sublime into the
vapor phase at ambient temperatures. Exemplary crystalline
fragrances include vanillin, ethyl vanillin, coumarin, tonalid,
calone, heliotropene, musk xylol, cedrol, musk ketone benzophenone,
raspberry ketone, methyl naphthyl ketone beta, phenyl ethyl
salicylate, veltol, maltol, maple lactone, proeugenol acetate,
evemyl, etc.
[0031] The amount of the volatile fragrance utilized generally
depends on the nature of the fragrance and the degree to which it
is desired that the candle release the fragrance. For example, the
amount of the fragrance may range from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10
wt. %, in some embodiments from about 1 wt. % to about 8 wt. %, and
in some embodiments, from about 2 wt. % to about 6 wt. % of a
particular wax composition. Likewise, the total amount of fragrance
employed in the candle may also range from about 0.1 wt. % to about
10 wt. %, in some embodiments from about 1 wt. % to about 8 wt. %,
and in some embodiments, from about 2 wt. % to about 6 wt. % of the
candle.
[0032] Besides fragrances, other volatile substances may also be
released from the candle of the present invention. Representative
examples of such volatile substances that may be released from the
candle include insect repellants, medicaments, disinfectants,
deodorants, cleansing agents, etc. Suitable insect repellents
include, for instance, citronella, DEET, terpineol, and
benzalacetone. As is well known in the art, the amount of such
volatile substances may generally vary depending on the nature of
the substance and the desired effect.
[0033] If desired, one or more phases of the candle may also
include an ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer or absorber to reduce the
amount of fragrance prematurely released. Any suitable UV absorber
may be used in the present invention. Some examples of suitable UV
absorbers include, for instance, benzotriazoles (e.g.,
2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles), benzophenones (e.g.,
2-hydroxybenzophenones), benzoxazinones, triazines (e.g.,
2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines), phenyl salicylates,
cinnamates, oxanilides, and so forth. Specific examples of suitable
2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles include
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole;
2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole;
2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole;
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole;
2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-cholorobenzotriazole;
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole;
2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole;
2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octoxyphenyl)benzotriazole;
2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole;
2-(3',5'-bis(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriaz-
ole; a mixture of
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethly)-phenyl)-5-chloro-
-benzotriazole;
2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-
-5-chloro-benzotriazole;
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-b-
enzotriazole;
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazo-
le;
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotr-
iazole; 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethyl
hexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole;
2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl-)benzotriazole and
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotri-
azole;
2,2-methylenebis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylph-
enol]; the transesterification product of
2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]benzotriazo-
le with polyethylene glycol 300; and
[R--CH.sub.2CH--COO(CH.sub.2).sub.3].sub.2 B, where R is
3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl, and
derivatives thereof.
[0034] In addition, specific examples of suitable
2-hydroxybenzophenones include 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxy-benzophenone;
2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone; 2-hydroxy-4-octoxy-benzophenone;
2-hydroxy-4-decyloxy-benzophenone;
2-hydroxy-4-dodecylox-benzophenone;
2-hydroxy-4-benzyloxy-benzophenone;
2',4,4'-trihydroxy-benzophenones;
2-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-benzophenone;
2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;
2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxy-benzophenone, and derivatives thereof.
Likewise, specific examples of suitable hindered hydroxybenzoate
compounds include
2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate;
hexadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate;
octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate;
octyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate;
tetradecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate;
behenylyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate;
2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate;
and
butyl-3-[3-t-butyl-4-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoyloxy)phenyl]propionat-
e. One particular example of a suitable UV absorber is a derivative
of 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxy-benzophenone-5-sulfonic acid (i.e., a
benzophenone derivative also known as "Benzophenone-4"), which is
commercially available from BASF Corp. under the name Uvinul.RTM.
MS-40.
[0035] When utilized, the UV absorber may be present in an amount
of from about 0.001 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, in some embodiments
from about 0.01 wt. % to about 1 wt. %, and in some embodiments
from about 0.02 to about 0.1 wt. % of a particular wax composition.
Likewise, the total amount of UV absorber employed in the candle
may also range from about 0.001 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, in some
embodiments from about 0.01 wt. % to about 1 wt. %, and in some
embodiments, from about 0.02 wt. % to about 0.1 wt. % of the
candle.
[0036] Generally speaking, any dispensing method and/or system
capable of forming a multi-phase candle may be employed in the
present invention. To form the desired spiral pattern, for example,
a nozzle assembly may be employed that contains two or more nozzle
heads. More specifically, each phase may be formed by
simultaneously dispensing wax compositions through respective
nozzle heads while rotating the nozzle assembly relative to the
container. That is, either the nozzle assembly or the container may
rotate. While undergoing relative rotation, the nozzle assemblies
and container are also displaced vertically with respect to each
other to form the desired spiral pattern. Again, either the nozzle
assembly or the container may move in the vertical direction. One
suitable example of such a nozzle system is available from Oden
Corp. of Tonawanda, N.Y. under the name "SERVO/FILL Fully Automatic
Liquid Filler (dual nozzle)." Still other suitable systems that may
be adapted for use in the present invention are described in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,996,650 to Phallen, et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,878,796 to
Phallen; U.S. Pat. No. 5,797,436 to Phallen, et al.; and U.S. Pat.
No. 5,168,905 to Phallen, which are incorporated herein in their
entirety by reference thereto for all purposes.
[0037] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, one particular method for
forming a multi-phase jar candle in accordance with the present
invention is schematically illustrated. In this embodiment, a
liquid filling machine 60 is shown that includes first and second
reservoirs 32 and 34, respectively, in which the wax compositions
used to form contiguous phases are disposed. Of course, any number
of reservoirs may be employed depending on the number and type of
phases being formed. For example, when two phases are being formed
from the same wax composition, only a single reservoir may be
needed.
[0038] The reservoirs 32 and 34 are in communication with a filling
nozzle assembly 40. The filling nozzle assembly 40 includes tubular
portions 68 and 69 that communicate with positive shut-off valves
71 and 73, respectively. When open, the valves 71 and 73,
respectively, permit flow from the reservoirs 32 and 34. The
tubular portions 68 and 69 are received by a plate 66 where they
are connected to nozzle heads 52 and 54 via conveying tubes 56 and
58, respectively. If desired, the conveying tubes 56 and 58 may be
removed such that the tubular portions 68 and 69 are in direct
communication with the nozzle heads 52 and 54. The nozzle assembly
40 also includes a disc 50 that is capable of rotating relative to
the plate 66 up to 360.degree. about an axis A. The disc 50 is
coupled to a frame 75 that is likewise attached to the nozzle heads
52 and 54. Thus, rotation of the disc 50 actuates the rotation of
the frame 75, conveying tubes 56 and 58, and the nozzle heads 52
and 54. If desired, the speed of rotation of the disc 50 may be
selectively controlled to achieve a desired pattern for the candle.
When forming a spiral pattern, for example, faster rotation speeds
generally result in a greater number of stripes, a lower pitch, and
a smaller spiral angle. In most embodiments of the present
invention, the rotation speed is from about 50 to about 1000
revolutions per minute (rpm), in some embodiments from about 100 to
about 750 rpm, and in some embodiments, from about 200 to about 500
rpm. Also, the filling nozzle assembly 40 is preferably
interconnected with a diving mechanism (not shown) that permits the
filling nozzle assembly 40 to move in a vertical direction. This
allows the nozzle heads 52 and 54 to move into and retract from a
container 18 during filling. For example, the nozzle heads 52 and
54 may retract away from the container 18 during filling to produce
a spiral pattern. Regardless, the nozzle heads 52 and 54 allow the
simultaneous dispensing of multiple phases to produce the desired
spiral pattern. It should be understood that although two nozzle
heads are shown in FIG. 3, any number of nozzle heads may be
employed in the present invention. For example, four nozzle heads
may be employed to form four contiguous phases. If desired, each of
the four phases may have a different color, or two or more of the
phases may have the same color. For example, two of the phases may
have one color (e.g., red or green) and the other two phases may
have another color (e.g., white).
[0039] The reservoirs 32 and 34 and filling nozzle assembly 40 are
interconnected with each other by a flow control system. For
instance, pumps 42 and 44 may be used in some embodiments of the
present invention. Any known pump may be employed, such as rotary,
gear, vane, lobe, circumferential piston, centrifugal, piston, and
progressing cavity pumps. During the operation, a first wax
composition may flow from the reservoir 32 to the pump 42, and then
from the pump 42 through a conveying tube 36 to the tubular portion
68. Likewise, a second wax composition may flow from the reservoir
34 to the pump 44, and then from the pump 44 through a conveying
tube 38 to the tubular portion 69.
[0040] Due to the viscous nature of the wax composition used in
certain embodiments of the present invention, it is sometimes
desired to heat the wax composition prior to dispensing it into the
container 18. In this regard, the filling system 60 may employ a
heating system that heats the composition within the reservoir
and/or the filling nozzle assembly. Although not illustrated in
FIG. 3, the system 60 may, for example, include a system in which
hot air is introduced through a duct. Such an air heating system is
described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,797,436 to Phallen, et
al. Regardless of the particular manner in which the wax
composition is heated, it is normally desired that the temperature
of the composition remain below its melting point to avoid
bleeding. For example, the temperature at which a wax composition
may be filled is typically less than about 50.degree. C., in some
embodiments from about 20.degree. C. to about 45.degree. C., and in
some embodiments, from about 25.degree. C. to about 35.degree. C.
In fact, one beneficial aspect of the present invention is that
filling may occur at room temperature (e.g., about 25.degree.
C.).
[0041] The present invention may be better understood with
reference to the following examples.
EXAMPLE 1
[0042] The ability to form a multi-phase candle in accordance with
the present invention was demonstrated. Two wax compositions were
initially formed as follows: TABLE-US-00001 Composition A
Composition B (wt. %) (wt. %) Petrolatum* 87 87 Butyl stearate 10
10 Fragrance 3 3 *obtained from The International Group, Inc. under
the name "Petax 310."
[0043] Each composition was formed by sequentially mixing the
petrolatum, butyl stearate, and fragrance under agitation at a
temperature of 21.degree. C. to 26.7.degree. C. Cyasorb.RTM. UV
5411 (a UV absorber available from Cytec Industries, Inc.) was then
added to each composition in an amount of 0.2 wt. %. Red Liquid
D-858 (red dye obtained from French Color & Chemical Co.) was
also added to Composition A in an amount of 0.15 wt. %. Both
compositions had a viscosity of between 850 to 920 centipoise, as
measured with a Brookfield viscometer at a temperature of
39.degree. C., a spindle speed of 20 rpm, and a spindle size of
21.
[0044] Upon formation, the compositions were then supplied to
separate reservoirs of a dual nozzle filling system available from
Oden Corp. of Tonawanda, N.Y. under the name "SERVO/FILL Fully
Automatic Liquid Filler." The nozzle rotation setting was between
250 to 450 units, the pump speed setting was 25%, and the volume
setting was 3000 units. The compositions were maintained at a
temperature of 21.degree. C. to 26.7.degree. C. prior to being
dispensed from the nozzle. A 10-ounce glass jar was then filled and
observed to have a visually distinct spiral pattern containing 5 to
6 stripes. The spiral angle Was between 250 to 300 and the pitch
.rho..sub.t was between 1.25 to 2.5 centimeters.
EXAMPLE 2
[0045] The ability to form a multi-phase candle in accordance with
the present invention was demonstrated. Two wax compositions were
initially formed as follows: TABLE-US-00002 Composition A
Composition B (wt. %) (wt. %) Petrolatum* 87.0 --
Vegetable/Paraffin blend** -- 84.5 Butyl stearate 10.0 9.5
Fragrance 3.0 6.0 *obtained from The International Group, Inc.
under the name "Petax 310." **obtained from The International
Group, Inc. under the name "IGI 6006", which is a solid
vegetable/paraffin wax blend that congeals at a temperature of
56.1.degree. C. (ASTM D 938).
[0046] Composition A was formed by sequentially mixing the
petrolatum, butyl stearate, and fragrance under agitation at a
temperature of 21.degree. C. to 26.7.degree. C. Composition B was
formed by sequentially mixing the vegetable/paraffin blend, butyl
stearate, and fragrance under agitation at a temperature of
54.4.degree. C. Cyasorb.RTM. UV 5411 (a UV absorber available from
Cytec Industries, Inc.) was then added to each composition in an
amount of 0.2 wt. %. Red Liquid D-858 (red dye obtained from French
Color & Chemical Co.) was also added to Composition A in an
amount of 0.15 wt. %. Composition A had a viscosity of between 850
to 920 centipoise, as measured with a Brookfield viscometer at a
temperature of 39.degree. C., a spindle speed of 20 rpm, and a
spindle size of 21. Composition B had a viscosity of between 850 to
940 centipoise, as measured with a Brookfield viscometer at a
temperature of 45.1.degree. C., a spindle speed of 20 rpm, and a
spindle size of 21 (corresponding to 1100 to 1250 centipoise at
39.degree. C.).
[0047] Upon formation, the compositions were then supplied to
separate reservoirs of a dual nozzle filling system available from
Oden Corp. of Tonawanda, N.Y. under the name "SERVO/FILL Fully
Automatic Liquid Filler." The nozzle rotation setting was between
200 to 400 units, the pump speed setting was 20 to 40%, and the
volume setting was 3000 to 4000 units. Composition A was maintained
at a temperature of 21.degree. C. to 26.7.degree. C. prior to being
dispensed from the nozzle, while Composition B was maintained at a
temperature of 40.6.degree. C. to 43.3.degree. C. A 10-ounce glass
jar was then filled and observed to have a visually distinct spiral
pattern containing 5 to 6 stripes. The spiral angle was between 250
to 300 and the pitch .rho..sub.t was between 1.25 to 2.5
centimeters.
EXAMPLE 3
[0048] The ability to form a multi-phase candle in accordance with
the present invention was demonstrated. Two wax compositions were
initially formed as follows: TABLE-US-00003 Composition A
Composition B (wt. %) (wt. %) Petrolatum* 42.25 42.25
Vegetable/Paraffin blend** 42.25 42.25 Butyl stearate 9.50 9.50
Fragrance 6.00 6.00 *obtained from The International Group, Inc.
under the name "Petax 310." **obtained from The International
Group, Inc. under the name "IGI 6006", which is a solid
vegetable/paraffin wax blend that congeals at a temperature of
56.1.degree. C. (ASTM D 938).
[0049] Each composition was formed by sequentially mixing the
petrolatum, vegetable/paraffin blend, butyl stearate, and fragrance
under agitation at a temperature of 21.degree. C. to 26.7.degree.
C. Cyasorb.RTM. UV 5411 (a UV absorber available from Cytec
Industries, Inc.) was then added to each composition in an amount
of 0.2 wt. %. Yellow Dye D-879 (obtained from French Color &
Chemical Co.) was also added to Composition A in an amount of 0.15
wt. %, and Green Dye D-880 (French Color & Chemical Co.) was
added to Composition B in an amount of 0.006 wt. %. Each
composition also had a viscosity of between 2300 to 2450
centipoise, as measured with a Brookfield viscometer at a
temperature of 39.degree. C., a spindle speed of 20 rpm, and a
spindle size of 21.
[0050] Upon formation, the compositions were then supplied to
separate reservoirs of a dual nozzle filling system available from
Oden Corp. of Tonawanda, N.Y. under the name "SERVO/FILL Fully
Automatic Liquid Filler." The nozzle rotation setting was between
300 to 400 units, the pump speed setting was 20 to 40%, and the
volume setting was 4000 to 5000 units. Both compositions were
maintained at a temperature of 21.degree. C. to 26.7.degree. C.
prior to being dispensed from the nozzle. A 15-ounce glass jar was
then filled and observed to have a visually distinct spiral pattern
containing 6 stripes. The spiral angle was 300 and the pitch
.rho..sub.t was between 1.9 to 2.5 centimeters.
EXAMPLE 4
[0051] Two wax compositions were initially formed as follows:
TABLE-US-00004 Composition A Composition B (wt. %) (wt. %)
Vegetable/Paraffin blend* 84.5 84.5 Butyl stearate 9.5 9.5
Fragrance 6.0 6.0 *obtained from The International Group, Inc.
under the name "IGI 6006", which is a solid vegetable/paraffin wax
blend that congeals at a temperature of 56.1.degree. C. (ASTM D
938).
[0052] Each composition was formed by sequentially mixing the
vegetable/paraffin blend, butyl stearate, and fragrance under
agitation at a temperature of 54.4.degree. C. Cyasorb.RTM. UV 5411
(a UV absorber available from Cytec Industries, Inc.) was then
added to each composition in an amount of 0.2 wt. %. Red Liquid
D-858 (red dye obtained from French Color & Chemical Co.) was
also added to Composition A in an amount of 0.15 wt. %. Each
composition had a viscosity of between 850 to 940 centipoise, as
measured with a Brookfield viscometer at a temperature of
45.1.degree. C., a spindle speed of 20 rpm, and a spindle size of
21 (corresponding to 1100 to 1250 centipoise at 39.degree. C.).
Both compositions were cooled to a temperature of 40.6.degree. C.
to 43.3.degree. C. and then dispensed into a 10-ounce glass jar.
The resulting candle was observed to have a visually distinct
spiral pattern.
[0053] These and other modifications and variations of the present
invention may be practiced by those of ordinary skill in the art,
without departing from the spirit and scope of the present
invention. In addition, it should be understood that aspects of the
various embodiments may be interchanged both in whole or in part.
Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate
that the foregoing description is by way of example only, and is
not intended to limit the invention so further described in such
appended claims.
* * * * *