U.S. patent application number 11/430307 was filed with the patent office on 2006-12-28 for web materials with active agent for use in forming reclosable packages.
Invention is credited to Craig E. Cappel, Nathan A. Kolovich, Toby R. Thomas.
Application Number | 20060291756 11/430307 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38510458 |
Filed Date | 2006-12-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060291756 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Thomas; Toby R. ; et
al. |
December 28, 2006 |
Web materials with active agent for use in forming reclosable
packages
Abstract
Web materials for use in forming reclosable packages generally
include a first material layer made of a barrier material, and an
active agent carried by the first material layer. When embodied as
a bag, the web is used to form at least one of the body panels of
the bag, with a pair of opposing body panels joined together along
a pair of opposing sides, with a bottom bridging the sides in order
to define a compartment between the opposing body panels. The
active agent is disposed on the first material layer so as to be in
communication with the compartment.
Inventors: |
Thomas; Toby R.; (Pleasant
Prairie, WI) ; Kolovich; Nathan A.; (Round Lake,
IL) ; Cappel; Craig E.; (Lake Villa, IL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BAKER BOTTS, LLP
30 ROCKEFELLER PLAZA
NEW YORK
NY
10112-4498
US
|
Family ID: |
38510458 |
Appl. No.: |
11/430307 |
Filed: |
May 5, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11055575 |
Feb 10, 2005 |
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11430307 |
May 5, 2006 |
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11055574 |
Feb 10, 2005 |
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11430307 |
May 5, 2006 |
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10375188 |
Feb 26, 2003 |
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11055574 |
Feb 10, 2005 |
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60359874 |
Feb 27, 2002 |
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60543344 |
Feb 10, 2004 |
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60543345 |
Feb 10, 2004 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
383/105 ;
206/524.4; 383/109; 383/113 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B32B 3/06 20130101; B32B
2250/24 20130101; B65D 33/2591 20130101; B32B 27/08 20130101; B32B
2439/06 20130101; B32B 2250/44 20130101; B65D 33/2508 20130101;
B32B 27/18 20130101; B32B 2307/728 20130101; B32B 2439/46 20130101;
B32B 2255/10 20130101; B65D 33/2525 20130101; B32B 2307/4023
20130101; B65D 81/24 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
383/105 ;
206/524.4; 383/109; 383/113 |
International
Class: |
B65D 33/00 20060101
B65D033/00; B65D 30/08 20060101 B65D030/08; B65D 85/84 20060101
B65D085/84 |
Claims
1. A bag comprising: a pair of opposing body panels joined together
along a pair of opposing sides and a bottom bridging the sides to
define a compartment between the opposing body panels; at least one
of the body panels formed of a web including a first material layer
made of a barrier material, and an active agent carried by the
first material layer in communication with the compartment.
2. The bag of claim 1, wherein the barrier material is capable of
inhibiting transfer of water therethrough.
3. The bag of claim 1, wherein the barrier material is capable of
inhibiting transfer of the active agent therethrough.
4. The bag of claim 1, wherein the active agent is disposed in the
form of a coating on the first material layer.
5. The bag of claim 1, wherein the active agent is disposed in the
form of a stripe on the first material layer.
6. The bag of claim 5, wherein a mouth is defined between the pair
of panels opposite the bottom, the stripe being disposed proximate
the mouth.
7. The bag of claim 1, wherein the active agent is disposed in the
form of a pattern distributed on the first material layer.
8. The bag of claim 1, wherein the active agent is disposed in
microcapsules.
9. The bag of claim 1, wherein the active agent is disposed through
co-extrusion with the barrier material of the first material
layer.
10. The bag of claim 1, wherein the active agent is selected from
the group consisting of a freshness-extension agent, an
antimicrobial agent, an odor management agent, a color indicator, a
spoilage indicator, a fragrant and combinations thereof.
11. The bag of claim 1, further comprising a second material layer
having a predetermined material property.
12. The bag of claim 11, wherein the predetermined material
property includes permeability to the active agent.
13. The bag of claim 11, wherein the predetermined material
property includes permeability to water.
14. The bag of claim 11, wherein the active agent is disposed in an
intermediate layer between the first material layer and the second
material layer.
15. The bag of claim 11, wherein the predetermined material
property includes a sealing characteristic.
16. The bag of claim 15, wherein the sealing characteristic
includes at least one of a heat seal, cold seal, ultrasonic,
friction characteristic, adhesive or cohesive.
17. The bag of claim 11, wherein the second material layer is
hydrophilic.
18. The bag of claim 11, further comprising at least one additional
layer disposed between the active agent and the first material
layer.
19. The bag of claim 11, wherein the second material layer is made
of a barrier material, the second material layer being removable
from the first material layer.
Description
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S.
patent application Ser. Nos. 11/055,575 and 11/055,574, each of
which filed Feb. 10, 2005, is currently pending and is a
continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 10/375,188 filed on Feb. 26, 2003, which is currently pending
and claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119(e) of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 60/359,874 filed on Feb. 27, 2002. U.S. patent
application Ser. Nos. 11/055,575 and 11/055,574 also each claim the
benefit under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119(e) of both U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 60/543,344 and U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 60/543,345 filed on Feb. 10, 2004, to which the present
application also claims priority.
[0002] Each of the foregoing applications is expressly incorporated
by reference herein in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present invention relates to a web material, and more
particularly to a web material for use in forming packages, and to
structures and methods for releasing active agents in such
packages. More specifically, the present invention relates to
active agents, such as freshness-extension agents, odor management
agents, and other functional agents, and structures and methods for
releasing such active agents to extend the freshness of perishable
products and manage or control the odor related to such products
disposed within such packages, for example.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The use of packages for a number of household and industrial
purposes has gained wide acceptance. For example, wraps, bags and
containers are commonly used by commercial entities and consumers
to store perishable products and items. Also for example, bags or
liners are commonly used in industrial settings and households to
collect garbage or waste.
[0005] Reclosable packages, such as food containers with fitted or
hinged lids, and bags with pinch-to-close or slider fasteners, are
a great convenience to suppliers and consumers of pre-packaged
perishables, especially for products such as luncheon meats and
cheeses where, typically, only a portion of the product is used at
any given time. Additionally, perishables are often packaged in
wrap materials and in containers, such as trays, on which a film
overwrap or lid material is applied to seal the container. Such
containers are often used, for example, for prepackaged foods, such
as meats and cheeses, or for storage by a consumer. Although
sufficient for its intended purpose, it is desirable to provide a
web material for such packages having qualities to extend the shelf
life of the product contained therein.
[0006] Packages such as thermoplastic bags or liners are also
commonly used as waste or garbage bags. Generally, such bags are
constructed from a structure having two layers of thermoplastic web
or film, joined along three sides and having a mouth formed along
the fourth side. A need also exists to provide efficient,
affordable and effective odor control for waste or garbage
bags.
[0007] Web materials used to form the foregoing and other packages
typically consist of extruded polymers. As used herein, the term
"web" includes a variety of thin material structures, such as
films, sheets and the like. Such web materials can be used in stock
form for the manufacture of wrap or lidding materials.
Alternatively, the web materials can be used in forming processes,
such as thermoforming processes to form contoured containers, or
heat sealing processes to form flexible containers, such as bags.
In the case of wrap materials, a cling material or cling layer is
typically desirable. In the case of lidding materials, materials
that facilitate heat sealing or are otherwise capable of being
adhered to another material, for example by way of an adhesive, are
typically desirable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] Packages and materials for forming such packages having
active agents are disclosed herein.
[0009] In accordance with the invention, a web material is provided
having a first material layer made of a barrier material and an
active agent carried by the first material layer. As used herein,
the term "web" generally includes relatively thin material
structures, such as a film, a sheet, or the like. In some aspects,
as used herein, a "web" can be provided as a continuous sheet of
material manufactured or undergoing manufacture, or a portion
thereof, such as in the form of a panel or sheet. A web can range
from between 0.2 mil and 100 mil in thickness. For use in flexible
packages, such as bags, the thickness is preferably between 0.7 mil
and 6 mil. For use in more rigid containers, the web thickness is
preferably between 8 mil and 100 mi. For use as a wrap material,
the thickness is preferably between 0.5 mil and 1.5 mil, and for
use as a lidding material, the thickness is preferably between 1
mil and 15 mil. As used herein, 1 mil is equal to 1/1000 inch.
[0010] Preferably, the barrier material of the first layer is
capable of inhibiting the transfer of water and/or active agent
therethrough. Embodied as such, the barrier material is preferably
capable of inhibiting transfer of solid, liquid and gas forms of
water and active agent. Generally, barrier materials that
demonstrate resistance to oxygen diffusion also demonstrate
resistance to the diffusion of active agent vapor therethrough.
[0011] The active agent can be disposed on the first material
layer, such as in a coating applied thereto, or can be impregnated
or otherwise incorporated into the first material layer. If the
active agent is disposed in the form of a coating on the first
material layer, the coating can be formed or applied by a spray, by
dipping the first material layer into active agent, through static
adhesion, printing, co-extrusion, electroless deposition, casting,
vapor deposition, fusion, and/or embedding processes. Printing can
include any suitable method, such as with printing plates, roller,
brush, or ink jet.
[0012] In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, the
active agent can be disposed in the form of a stripe or pattern on
the first material layer. The stripe can be applied as coating,
co-extruded with the first material layer, or applied as a separate
layer. The pattern can include a logo, stripes, cross-hatch
pattern, dots or the like. The pattern can extend essentially
across an entire surface of the first material layer, or can be
applied only to a predetermined area, which itself can be in the
form of a stripe or band.
[0013] If the active agent is incorporated in the web material, any
of a variety of suitable techniques can be used. For example, the
active agent can be disposed in microcapsules, or through
co-extrusion with the barrier material of the first material layer,
for example.
[0014] The active agent can be selected, for example, from
freshness-extension agents, antimicrobial agents, odor management
agents, color indicators, spoilage indicators, fragrants, and
combinations thereof.
[0015] Web materials, in accordance with the invention, can include
a second material layer having a predetermined material property.
Such material properties can include cling characteristics and/or
sealing characteristics. Such characteristics can be imparted by
way of forming the second layer of the web material from one or
more suitable materials.
[0016] Additionally or alternatively, the second material layer can
be permeable to the active agent and/or water, and can be
hydrophilic. In this manner, the active agent can be disposed in an
intermediate layer between the first material layer and the second
material layer. Release and/or production of active agent can be
effected by the introduction of water.
[0017] Alternatively, the second material layer can be made of a
barrier material, and can be removable from the first material
layer. Also, in accordance with the invention, the web material can
be disposed in a roll.
[0018] The web material of the invention can form a lidding
material or a wrap material, based on the material provided for the
first layer. Alternatively, the web material can be formed into a
package or at least a body panel thereof. For example, certain
packages include a pair of opposing body panels joined together
along a pair of opposing sides and a bottom bridging the sides, a
reclosable fastener extending along a mouth formed opposite the
bottom, and at least one active agent. Certain other packages
disclosed herein are rigid or semi-rigid molded containers where a
film lid or over wrap has been applied thereto, while in other
embodiments, packages are wrap materials, such as food wrap, that
are used to cover perishable items. In alternative embodiments,
such wrap materials can be used to protect and preserve
agricultural produce, such as in the form of wraps to apply to
pallets of recently harvested produce, or the like.
[0019] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a bag is
provided that includes a pair of opposing body panels, wherein at
least one of the body panels is formed of a web. The pair of
opposing body panels are joined together along a pair of opposing
sides and a bottom bridging the sides to define a compartment
between the opposing body panels. The web, from which at least one
of the body panels is formed, includes a first material layer made
of a barrier material, and an active agent carried by the first
material layer in communication with the compartment. A mouth can
be defined between the pair of panels opposite the bottom, and
active agent can be disposed in a stripe proximate the mouth.
Further, any of the optional features set forth above can be
incorporated into this aspect of the invention.
[0020] These and other features of the disclosed packages of the
present invention can be more fully understood by referring to the
following detailed description and accompanying drawings. The
drawings are not drawn to scale, but show only relative
dimensions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a mouth portion of a
reclosable package or bag with the opposing body panels attached to
respective fin portions according to one embodiment of the present
invention;
[0022] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the reclosable package
incorporating the mouth portion depicted in FIG. 1 in which the
reclosable fastener or zipper has a slider mechanism being opened
and the one-time breakable element being partially opened according
to another embodiment;
[0023] FIG. 3a is a partial cross-sectional view of one side of a
reclosable package or bag comprising a polymeric structure with one
layer according to one embodiment of the present invention;
[0024] FIG. 3b is a partial cross-sectional view of one side of a
reclosable package or bag comprising a polymeric structure with two
layers according to one embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] FIG. 3c is a partial cross-sectional view of one side of a
reclosable package or bag comprising a polymeric structure with
three layers according to one embodiment of the present
invention;
[0026] FIG. 3d is a partial cross-sectional view of one side of a
reclosable package or bag comprising a polymeric structure with two
layers according to another embodiment of the present
invention;
[0027] FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of one side of a
reclosable package or bag according to another embodiment of the
present invention;
[0028] FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of one side of a
reclosable package or bag according to a further embodiment of the
present invention;
[0029] FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of one side of a
reclosable package or bag according to yet another embodiment of
the present invention;
[0030] FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of one side of a
reclosable package or bag according to yet a further embodiment of
the present invention;
[0031] FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of one side of a
reclosable package or bag according to another embodiment of the
present invention;
[0032] FIG. 9a is a partial cross-sectional view of one side of a
reclosable package or bag that includes a polymeric structure with
four layers according to one embodiment of the present
invention;
[0033] FIG. 9b is a partial cross-sectional view of one side of a
reclosable package or bag that includes a polymeric structure with
six layers according to one embodiment of the present
invention;
[0034] FIG. 10a is a partial cross-section view of two sides of a
reclosable package or bag that includes two polymeric structures
that each comprise two layers according to one embodiment of the
present invention;
[0035] FIG. 10b is a partial cross-section view of two sides of a
reclosable package or bag that includes two polymeric structures
that each comprise two layers according to another embodiment of
the present invention;
[0036] FIG. 10c is a partial cross-section view of two sides of a
reclosable package or bag that includes two polymeric structures
that each comprise three layers according to one embodiment of the
present invention;
[0037] FIG. 11a is a partial cross-section view of two sides of a
reclosable package or bag with a polymeric structure disposed
therebetween, in which the polymeric structure includes a one-time
breakable element.
[0038] FIG. 11b is a partial cross-section view showing the
reclosable package or bag of FIG. 11a after breakage of the
one-time breakable element;
[0039] FIG. 12a is a partial cross-section view of two sides of a
reclosable package or bag, in which one side includes a polymeric
structure that comprises two layers, and in which the polymeric
structure is connected to the other side by a removable
element;
[0040] FIG. 12b is a partial cross-section view showing the
reclosable package or bag of FIG. 12a after removal of the
removable element;
[0041] FIG. 13 is an isometric view of one embodiment of a web
material web material in accordance with the invention, including a
two-layer structure;
[0042] FIG. 14 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a web
material in accordance with the invention, including a three-layer
structure;
[0043] FIGS. 15 and 16 are isometric and end views, respectively,
of another embodiment of a web material in accordance with the
invention, including a stripe embedded between first and second
layers of the web material;
[0044] FIG. 17 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a web
material in accordance with the invention, including active agent
applied in a pattern;
[0045] FIG. 18 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a web
material in accordance with the invention, including active agent
incorporated into a portion of the web material;
[0046] FIG. 19 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a web
material in accordance with the invention, including active agent
applied as a stripe to a base layer of the web material;
[0047] FIG. 20 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a web
material in accordance with the invention, including active agent
applied in a pattern;
[0048] FIG. 21 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a web
material in accordance with the invention, wherein the web material
is being formed into a reclosable bag;
[0049] FIG. 22 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a web
material in accordance with the invention, wherein the web material
with a stripe of active agent has been formed into a reclosable
bag;
[0050] FIG. 23 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a web
material in accordance with the invention, wherein the web material
includes a plurality of stripes of active agent;
[0051] FIG. 24 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a web
material in accordance with the invention, wherein the web material
includes a central stripe of active agent;
[0052] FIG. 25 is an end view of a reclosable bag formed by the web
material of FIG. 24; and
[0053] FIG. 26 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a web
material in accordance with the invention, wherein the web material
having active agent is a lidding material.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0054] The present invention relates to packages, packaging
materials, materials for forming such packages and other related
web materials having an active agent incorporated therein or
carried thereon. As such, the invention has applications for
various flexible and rigid containers and packages, such as
reclosable plastic bags, waste bags and liners, rigid trash
containers, air-TIGHT storage containers, food containers, as well
as wraps and foils commonly used for packaging, covering or sealing
perishable items.
[0055] In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a web
material is provided including a first layer of barrier material
with an active agent carried thereon. In one embodiment, the
barrier layer defines at least a portion of a body panel of a
package. The active agent can be carried on the barrier layer in
the form of a pouch, patch, tape or the like, or can otherwise be
printed, coated, adhered to or incorporated, impregnated or
disposed on the first layer. Various embodiments will be described
for the purpose of illustration and not limitation.
[0056] As used herein, the term "package" can be understood to
include any kind of package or container, such as flexible plastic
bags and rigid containers, as well as foils, wraps or lidding
materials commonly used to package or store perishable items.
[0057] As used herein, the term "active agent" can be understood to
include any agent, ingredient, or composition that provides an
enhancing or beneficial effect within a package or container. An
active agent can include a "freshness-extension" agent for
extending the freshness or shelf life of food products or other
perishables stored in a package, an "odor management" agent for
masking, neutralizing and/or reducing odors from the package, or
another functional agent. For example, an active agent can include
an atmosphere modifier, e.g., a drying agent, a water absorbing
agent, or a gas releasing agent; an enhancer, e.g., a flavor
enhancer, an odor enhancer, or an agent that enhances any other
function, such as water absorption, insulation, or microwave
cooking; an inhibitor which inhibits or deters a certain condition,
e.g., a spoilage inhibitor, a fungus inhibitor, a soil inhibitor, a
flame inhibitor, a UV inhibitor, a freezer burn inhibitor, or an
anti-static agent; or an indicator, e.g., an indicator of food
ripeness or spoilage, or of contamination, temperature, moisture,
modified atmosphere, or the presence of particular gas or a
compound in the atmosphere, or the passage of time, e.g. timed
release; or otherwise used or used in conjunction with such an
indicator.
[0058] Each of the active agents of the present invention can be
used in combination with the web material and the packages formed
with such web materials, as described below. For example, each
freshness-extension agent of the present invention can be used to
inhibit spoilage of food products or other perishables in the
packages or packaging materials, and each odor management agent of
the present invention can be used to reduce, neutralize, and/or
mask odors from the package. Each of the active agents of the
present invention can be carried by or otherwise disposed on the
web material so as to be in communication with the environment of
the package, e.g., disposed in the form of a coating, patch, pouch,
or tape that is attached to a component of the package; extruded
with a component of the package; sprayed, brushed, coated,
laminated, or stamped onto a component of the package; impregnated
into a component of the package; and/or distributed in the material
of a component of the package, such as in the form of
microcapsules. The active agents can also be carried by or disposed
on a web material for use as, or as part of packages by printing,
which can be achieved by printing plates, rollers, brushes, or ink
jets, for example. The active agents can also be disposed by way of
electroless deposition, vapor deposition, casting, fusion or
embedding processes.
[0059] For purposes of illustration and not limitation, the web
materials of the present invention can be used to form a polymeric
bag for storing perishable items, with the active agent(s) in
communication with the environment inside such polymeric bag. The
polymeric bag can be intended for consumer storage of food products
(e.g., leftover food products) or commercial applications, such as
"form, fill, and seal" food packaging operations. The polymeric bag
can include non-reclosable or reclosable polymeric bags. Reclosable
polymeric bag are typically made to be reclosable via reclosable
elements or fasteners, such as resealable adhesive or cohesive
seals, mated tracks, and/or mated dimples. The mated tracks can be
opened and closed by applying finger pressure or by using an
auxiliary device, such as a slider. Some examples of reclosable
polymeric bags include the bags disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,067,208 and 6,147,588 and U.S. patent application Publication
Ser. No. 2004/0066985, the contents of which documents are
expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
These packages are often manufactured from a web of material
initially disposed in roll form prior to forming of individual
bags.
[0060] Further for purposes of illustration and not limitation, the
active agents of the present invention can also be disposed in the
environment of a rigid package for storing perishables, such as
bakery containers, deli containers, fruit containers, lunch
containers, processing trays, such as those for poultry or ground
meat, and roaster containers. Some examples of containers include
containers disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,042,586, 6,257,401,
6,349,857, 6,644,494, 6,845,878 and U.S. patent application
Publication Ser. Nos. 2004/0074902 and 2005/0000966, the contents
of which documents are expressly incorporated by reference herein
in their entireties. These can be are either of a "clam-shell"
type, having a hinged lid or can be covered with a web material
such as a film overwrap or lidding material. Such overwrap and
lidding materials can be provided in the form of a web. The film
overwrap preferably includes a cling layer, such that the film
overwrap can be used to wrap the entire package. If lidding
material is provided, a processing machine or "lidding machine" can
be used to seal the lidding material to the rigid package. Such
sealing is typically effected by virtue of heat sealing and the
preselected material properties, but can also include the use of an
adhesive.
[0061] Additionally for purposes of illustration and not
limitation, the odor management agents of the present invention can
be used in the environment of bags, liners and rigid trash
containers for collecting garbage or waste and other containers for
collecting items with undesirable odors, such as laundry and
diapers. Such waste bags can include a tie feature that assists in
closing the bag or liner securely, forming a handle for carrying
the bag or liner to be disposed, and/or facilitating the opening of
the bag or the liner. Some examples of waste bags include the bags
disclosed in U.S. patent application Publication Ser. No.
2003/0223657, the contents of which document are expressly
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0062] Illustrative embodiments will now be described to provide an
overall understanding of the disclosed packages and related web
materials and active agents. For purposes of illustration and not
limitation, the packages of the present invention are described in
the context of reclosable polymeric bags made from the subject web
materials having active agent. Illustrative embodiments are
provided in the drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will
understand that each disclosed web material, package and/or bag
having an active agent can be adapted and modified to provide
alternative embodiments for other applications, and that other
additions and modifications can be made to the disclosed web
materials, packages and active agents without departing from the
scope of the present disclosure. For example, features of the
illustrative embodiments can be combined, separated, interchanged,
and/or rearranged to generate other embodiments. Such modifications
and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the
present disclosure.
[0063] Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 depicts a mouth portion
of a reclosable package 10 with an agent structure 50 containing an
active agent. The agent structure 50 is located below a reclosable
closure arrangement such as a fastener or zipper 14. FIG. 2 shows
the reclosable package 10 with the mouth portion depicted in FIG. 1
in a partial open position.
[0064] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the mouth portion of the
reclosable package 10 includes a pair of first and second opposing
body or wall panels 16, 18 that make up a package body 20 and
define an interior space 22. Typically, the body or wall panels 16,
18 are formed from a web of stock material. The web can be provided
certain features prior to forming into the body or wall panels. The
web of material can be provided with any of the active agents set
forth herein, prior to forming the reclosable package 10. Connected
to the first body panel 16 is a first track 24 having a first
profile 26 and a first fin portion 28 extending generally downward
from the first profile 26. The first body panel 16 has an outer
surface 16a and an inner surface 16b. Connected to the second body
panel 18 is a second track 30 having a second profile 32 and a
second fin portion 34 extending generally downward from the second
profile 32. The second body panel 18 has an outer surface 18a and
an inner surface 18b. The inner surface 16b is attached to the
first fin portion 28. The inner surface 18b is attached to the
second fin portion 34. It is contemplated that one or more of the
fin portions can be attached to the outer surfaces 16a, 18a.
[0065] The first and second profiles 26, 32 are releasably
engageable with each other to provide a reclosable seal to the
package 10. An optional breakable element 12 that initially extends
from the first fin portion 28 to the second fin portion 34 can be
used. The breakable element 12 of FIG. 1 is depicted with an
optional one-time breakable preferential area of weakness or
preferential tear area 38 to form a one-time breakable tamper
evident feature. It is not necessary that the breakable element 12
have the one-time breakable preferential area of weakness 38. For
example, in some embodiments, the breakable element 12 includes a
resealable adhesive or cohesive seal. The one-time breakable
preferential area of weakness 38 can be a score line, a series of
perforations, a thinned area or a highly oriented region.
Additionally, the preferential area of weakness 38 can be made in a
manner to separate by cutting therethrough. The preferential area
of weakness 38 inhibits tampering with the reclosable package 10
prior to being opened.
[0066] The reclosable package 10 can further include an optional
slider mechanism 36 (FIG. 2) slidably mounted to the fastener 14
for movement between a closed position and an open position.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the first and second profiles 26, 32
are engaged to each other while the slider mechanism 36 is in the
closed position, and movement of the slider mechanism 36 from the
closed position to the open position disengages the profiles 26, 32
from each other.
[0067] The package 10 of FIG. 2 also includes end terminations 37.
End terminations can have various purposes such as (a) preventing
or inhibiting the slider mechanism 36 from going past the ends of
the fastener 14, (b) interacting with the slider 36 to give a
tactile indication of being closed, (c) assisting in inhibiting or
preventing leakage from the package 10, and (d) holding the first
and second profiles 26, 32 together and providing additional
strength in resisting stresses applied to the profiles 26, 32
during normal use of the package 10. Further details concerning the
construction and operation of the slider mechanism 36 and the end
terminations 37 can be obtained from U.S. Pat. No. 5,067,208 to
Herrington, Jr. et al., which is incorporated herein by reference
in its entirety.
[0068] It is contemplated that other end terminations can be used
instead of the above-described end terminations 37. For example, an
end weld can be formed by heated bars pressed against the end of
the fastener, ultrasonic welding, or other ways known in the
art.
[0069] As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the reclosable package 10
of the present invention is opened by having a consumer grip the
slider mechanism 36 and move it such that the first and second
profiles 26, 32 of the respective first and second tracks 24, 30
are detached from each other. Next, the consumer tears open the
breakable element 12 (if present) along the preferential area of
weakness 38. Alternatively, the consumer may open the breakable
element 12, if used, by cutting therethrough. The package can be
resealed utilizing the fastener 14 and slider mechanism 36.
Specifically, the consumer grips the slider mechanism 36 and moves
it from the open position to the closed position so as to engage
the complementary first and second profiles 26, 32.
[0070] A one-time breakable element 12 not only provides a consumer
with the assurance that a newly purchased package has not been
opened before, but also provides a good initial seal that preserves
the freshness of the perishable contents of the package prior to
its initial opening and can inhibit or prevent the active agent
from being activated by an activation-triggering condition, such as
moisture. Since the reclosable closure arrangements of FIG. 1 are
located above the one-time breakable element, (i.e., the reclosable
closure arrangement is further from the interior space), the
operation of the reclosable closure arrangement is not hampered by
the presence of the one-time breakable element.
[0071] As embodied in FIG. 1, an agent structure can be connected
to the first body panel inner surface 16b or the body panel can be
formed of the web material as described further, below. The active
agent can include a substance known to provide a desired function
or effect on a package or contents thereof. In some embodiments,
the active agent includes a freshness-extension agent, which
functions to extend the life or freshness of food products or other
perishables disposed in the package. In other embodiments, the
active agent includes an odor management agent, which functions to
mask, neutralize, and/or reduce an undesirable odor or to produce
an aromatic odor in the package. Further, the web material can
include a color indicator and other active agents, as described
above in more detail.
[0072] The agent structure 50 can be provided in a form and
structure suitable for the desired effect of the agent and the
structure of the package. For example, in some embodiments, the
agent structure 50 can be in the form of a coating, a patch, a
tape, a pouch, a combination thereof, or in any other form that can
be carried by, or incorporated or integrated into the structure of
the web material to form the package 10. Additionally or
alternatively, the active agent can be printed onto an underlying
layer of the web material, co-extruded therewith, sprayed, applied
by dipping the web into the active agent, deposited by way of
static attraction, cast, applied via electroless deposition, vapor
deposition, fused or otherwise embedded into the web or through
combinations of these methods. The selection of a mode for
disposing the active agent on the web, such as in a coating, patch,
pouch, or tape is often dependent on the type of active agent being
used, and the desired indication. For example, an active agent in a
powder form (e.g., minerals containing chemistry) can be placed in
an air-permeable pouch, rather than a patch because it is often
difficult to embed powders in a patch. Alternatively, an active
agent in a powder form can be dusted onto and adhered to the web
material, or mixed with the material of the web prior to extrusion.
Non-limiting examples of powdery active agents that can be
incorporated into the agent structure 50 include perlite, calcium
carbonate, kaolin, and ASEPTROL.RTM. antimicrobial manufactured by
Engelhard.
[0073] If a tape or patch is used to support the agent structure
50, the tape or patch can be formed of a web of the invention and
further include an adhesive, a patch-like component, and/or a
release system such as a slip additive which assists in inhibiting
or preventing the agent structure from sticking to the adhesive.
For example, the release system can be located on a surface of the
tape or patch that is located distally from the surface that
contacts the body panel to which the tape or patch is to be
attached, so that sticking is inhibited or prevented when the
package is wound into a roll. Materials such as siloxane and
glycerol monostearate can be among the components of such a release
system.
[0074] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the active agent can be extruded with the web material that
ultimately forms the body panel 16. For example, the active agent
can be blended into the web material, and thus the body panel, in
oil or powder form, or can be distributed in the form of
microcapsules in the material of the body panel 16. In a preferred
embodiment, the active agent is microencapsulated prior to being
integrated into the web material or package structure.
Microencapsulation encloses the active agent within a polymeric
material that can withstand heat during package processing and
manufacturing, but which degrades, dissolves, or otherwise breaks
open and releases the active agent upon contact with pre-determined
environmental factors such as moisture. The active agent can be
encapsulated into microcapsules, and the microcapsules can be
interspersed with the molten material of the web material and
extruded into the web material during bulk production.
[0075] The web material of body panel 16 can be otherwise
impregnated with the active agent It is also contemplated that the
active agent can be sprayed, brushed, coated, laminated, stamped,
or otherwise applied onto the web material, and thus onto the body
panel 16.
[0076] In some embodiments, the active agent includes one or more
freshness-extension agents. The freshness-extension agent can be,
for example, a natural oil, an anti-microbial, a modified
atmosphere, or another substance that can extend the freshness or
shelf life of food products or other perishables. For example, some
non-limiting examples of freshness-extension ingredients include
isothiocyanate such as allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) from natural
sources, d-limonene, eugenol, allicin, isothymol, thymol, chlorine
dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate, ascorbic acid,
citric acid, cinnamic aldehyde, mustard, peppermint, spearmint,
triclosan, Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum), cinnamon (Cinnamomum
cassia), corni fructus (Cornus officinalis), allyl cyanide,
1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane, allyl thiocyanate, Lactobacillus
reuteri, methyl isothiocyanate, cinnamon bark oil, lemon grass oil,
thyme oil, methyl jasmonate, tea tree oil, ethyl alcohol,
Salicylaldehyde, carvacrol, cymene, essential oil extracts of
various onions, essential oil extract of garlic, berry phenolic
extracts from cranberry, cloudberry, raspberry, strawberry, and
bilberry, ellagitannins from cranberry, cloudberry, raspberry,
strawberry, and bilberry, essential oils from nutmeg, mint, clove,
oregano, cinnamon, sassafras, sage, thyme and rosemary, vanillin,
vanillyl alcohol, vanillic acid, diacetyl, natural honey, fluorine
dioxide, carbon dioxide, modified atmospheres and combinations
thereof. The modified atmosphere can include nitrogen, oxygen,
sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and combinations
thereof.
[0077] AIT, which can be naturally obtained from plants or
perishables such as mustard and wasabi, is particularly
advantageous as a freshness-extension agent for its anti-microbial
properties. Preferably, the AIT is produced from plants such as
mustard, which contains glucosinolate and myrosinase enzyme.
Myrosinase and glucosinolate react with each other to produce AIT
and, because the reaction involves hydrolysis, humidity activates
AIT production. AIT has been shown to exhibit anti-bacterial and
anti-microbial properties and, as it is released in a gaseous form
throughout the package atmosphere, it enhances the atmosphere so as
to inhibit bacterial growth and therefore extend perishable
freshness. Hence, AIT-containing or AIT-producing products,
including wasabi, horseradish and mustard in various forms, such as
extract, powder, oil, or ground seed, can be used as the
freshness-extension agent in embodiments of the present invention.
AIT can be disposed in the form of microcapsules. References that
describe the use of microcapsule include, for example, U.S. Pat.
No. 6,818,296, U.S. patent application Publication Ser. No.
2004/0051191, U.S. patent application Publication Ser. No.
2005/0249952, U.S. patent application Publication Ser. No.
2005/0208089, U.S. patent application Publication Ser. No.
2005/0089548, and U.S. patent application Ser. No.
2006/0013884.
[0078] In some embodiments, an AIT-containing freshness-extension
agent can also be used in combination with another functional
agent. For example, in one such embodiment, ground mustard seed is
combined with an acid, which greatly enhances the production of AIT
from mustard and, thus, the anti-microbial effect of mustard. Thus,
if ground mustard seed is used as the freshness-extension agent, it
can be combined, in a desired ratio, with anhydrous acid such as
anhydrous citric acid for increased AIT production and, thus,
enhanced freshness-extension function.
[0079] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a
functional agent can be provided in conjunction with another active
agent to indicate the useful life of the active agent. For example,
a color agent or a color indicator, can be provided for visually
indicating the useful life, residual amount, or release status of
the active agent. Alternatively, and additionally, the indication
can be in the form of a scent or any other means detectable to the
user. Such indicators provide a simple way to detect the release or
consumption of the active agent, such that the consumer generally
can determine the remaining life of the active agent. Thus, the
indicator minimizes the waste that might be caused by discarding
web material or package prematurely before complete release of the
active agent. This allows for a more effective use of the active
agent by informing the consumer of the need for replacement.
Reference will be made to alternative color indicators for purpose
of illustration, and not limitation.
[0080] Color change of the color indicator can be effected e.g., to
correspond with the release of the active agent or amount of
humidity in the package atmosphere, such as by moisture released by
perishables contained in the package. For example, a "matched
release" can be accomplished entrapping a color agent in
microspheres or beads that are configured to degrade at a timed
rate similar or matched with the rate of release of the active
agent under similar environmental conditions.
[0081] The color indicator can gradually change color over time as
the agent is released into the package atmosphere and the amount of
residual agent is reduced, thus providing a "matched release,"
corresponding to the release of the active agent. For example, a
color indicator that initially shows yellow color can gradually
change, corresponding to release of the agent, to a clear colorless
state. Such color indicator also indicates the extent or amount of
the residual agent by gradually changing or fading the tone or
shade of color over time. A color chart can be provided for more
precise measurement of remaining active agent of shelf life by
matching the shade of the color indicator with a color scale on the
color chart.
[0082] Any dye material or a material that can provide "matched
release" can be used. For example, a food-grade methyl cellulose
(MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), or carboxy methyl
cellulose (CMC) can be used. These materials dissolve in moisture,
and can be provided such that the material dissolves at
substantially the same rate as the life of the agent. Any
commercially available food-grade MC, HPMC, or CMC can be used,
e.g., Walocel.RTM. HM HPMC, Dow METHOCEL.RTM., and Hercules
Aqualon.RTM. and Benecel.RTM..
[0083] In one embodiment, the agent structure contains methyl
cellulose which has a different color from that of the structure.
For example, methyl cellulose having a blue color is contained in a
structure having a green color. As the agent is released and methyl
cellulose dissolves in moisture, the color of the structure changes
from blue to green, showing expiration of the agent.
[0084] The color indicator can also incorporate the technology
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,124,219 to Fujita et al. and/or U.S.
Patent Application Publication Ser. No. U.S. 2005/0129937, the
entire contents of each of which is incorporated herein by
reference thereto. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,124,219 discloses a
functional material, comprising a volatile agent, an oil-soluble
dye, and a porous carrier, which fades in color with the
volatilization of the volatile agent. According to this patent, the
volatile agent and an oil-soluble dye, which has a dissolving
proportion of 0.0001 to 1%, are retained in the pores of a porous
carrier that cannot be stained by the oil-soluble dye. The dye is
dissolved in, and therefore stains, the volatile agent. The change
in color of the functional material is therefore closely related to
the dissolving proportion of the oil-soluble dye. Since the carrier
has no affinity for the dye, the dye separates on the surface of
the carrier when the volatile agent is volatilized nearly
completely, and the functional material manifests the color of the
carrier itself. Any suitable natural or synthetic dye, ink or
coloring that is compatible with the active agent, i.e. one that
does not adversely react with the active agent, can be used.
[0085] Alternatively, or additionally, the indicator can function
as an "agent marker" that detects and indicates the existence of
the agent in the package atmosphere. For example, a color indicator
can have a yellow color when no active agent is detected, e.g.,
before activation of the active agent or after the active agent is
depleted, and can display green color when the active agent
detected.
[0086] The color indicator can be designed to indicate food
spoilage or contamination, or presence of a particular gas,
compound, or odor in the package atmosphere, in addition to the
life or presence of the active agent. Such an indicator or detector
is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,325,974; 5,306,466; 6,841,392;
6,576,474; 6,495,368; 6,361,962, and 5,439,648 and U.S. Patent
Application Publication Ser. Nos. U.S. 2004/0142495 and U.S.
2005/0112085, the entire content of each of which is incorporated
herein by reference thereto.
[0087] For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,325,974 discloses a package for
decayable foodstuffs having an indicator, which can change color
when exposed to an atmospheric gas and/or a volatile compound
produced as a result of decay of the foodstuff contained in the
package. U.S. Pat. No. 5,439,648 also discloses a gas indicator for
a modified atmosphere packaging. The indicator is adapted to change
color at different predetermined ratios of gases contained in the
package, and changes color if the package is tampered with and a
gas enters into or escapes from the package. Hence, such indicators
can be provided to detect the presence or absence of the desired
active agent.
[0088] U.S. Pat. No. 5,306,466 discloses a food contamination
detector in the form of a bar code. The bar code contains an
antigenic determinant (antibody) of toxins or contaminants
irreversibly bound to a transparent membrane. The antibody is
further labeled with a colored latex bead such that, when toxins
from food come in contact with the bar code and bind to the
antibody, the color develops on the bar code. Instead of
antibodies, a chemical indicator can be utilized, in accordance
with the invention. U.S. Patent Application Publication Ser. No.
U.S. 2004/0142495 discloses a similar method for detecting the
presence or absence of an analyte with antibodies. U.S. Pat. No.
6,841,392 discloses use of multiple antibodies to detect biological
materials that have reached a predetermined concentration or
threshold level. Specific polymers can be incorporated such that
binding of a biological material induces a molecular change in the
polymer, resulting in a distinctly colored icon on the packaging
material.
[0089] Instead of antibodies, metal complexes can be used to detect
food spoilage, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,593,142 and
International Publication No. WO 00/13009, the entire contents of
each of which is herein incorporated by reference thereto. For
example, a metal complex that selectively binds biogenic amines or
sulfur compounds can be used.
[0090] The indicator can change color or emit fluorescence based on
a pH change or the presence of compounds resulting from microbial
spoilage, including amines, carboxylic acids, and aldehydes, as
disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,576,474 and 6,495,368.
[0091] Alternatively, the indicator can be odor-sensitive, as
disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication Ser. No. U.S.
2005/0112085, and can indicate, among others, garbage odor, raw
meat odor, common household odors, cooking odors, mercaptans,
amines, ammonia, sulfur, sulfides, and certain acids.
[0092] The color indicator can be carried by or disposed on the web
material in the same manner as, or even with the active agent. For
example, the color indicator can be disposed in the form of a
coating, patch, pouch, or tape that is attached to the web
material; extruded with a component of the web material; sprayed,
brushed, coated, laminated, or stamped onto the web material;
impregnated into a component of the web material; and/or
distributed in the web material, such as in the form of
microcapsules, or in any other manner described herein with respect
to the active agent.
[0093] When disposed in the form of a separate agent structure
carried by the subject web materials, a base layer also is provided
for the agent structure. The base layer can be made of a diffusion
material with the active agent contained therein, and/or can have
the active agent disposed between the base layer and one or more
removable covers. Alternatively or additionally, a diffusion layer
can be disposed between the base layer and the removable cover(s)
and/or a barrier layer can be provided on the base layer opposite
the removable cover(s). The barrier layer, base layer and diffusion
layers preferably are made of polypropylene, polyethylene, and
ethylmethyl acrylate, respectively.
[0094] The freshness-extension agent can also provide other
enhancement functions, and therefore can be used for such other
purposes. In some embodiments, the active agent, e.g. the
freshness-extension agent, can include a freshness component for
extending food freshness and an odor component for masking,
reducing, and/or neutralizing only a pungent odor of the freshness
component, but not other odors of the contents stored in a package.
Preferably, the odor component does not mask the odors of the
contents stored in the package, such as food odors or food spoilage
odors, so that decay or spoilage of the contents can be detected by
smell. For example, a freshness-extension agent including an AIT
freshness component can also include a fragrant component, such as
vanilla, cinnamon, or citrus oil, which can mask the pungent odor
of AIT, but not mask or otherwise affect the odor of the stored
contents. Preferably, the freshness-extension agent does not impart
its own organoleptic properties to the stored contents, and thus
permits a user to readily detect decay or spoilage of stored
contents by smell.
[0095] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the active agent
includes one or more odor management agents. Advantageously, the
odor management agent can be incorporated into the web materials to
form packages configured for collecting garbage or waste to mask,
neutralize, and/or reduce undesirable odors. Alternatively, the
odor management agent can be used to provide or create an odor to a
package. An odor management agent can thus be incorporated into
thermoplastic bags or liners and other containers, such as garbage
or waste bags, diaper containers, laundry bags, storage bags, and
disposable medical bags or containers.
[0096] Non-limiting examples of odor management agents include AIT,
d-limonene, mustard, natural oils, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen
sulfide, methyl mercaptan, ammonia, citronella, pine, flowery, and
substituted esters such as METAZENE.RTM..
[0097] A preferred embodiment of an odor management agent includes
AIT, which agent can be provided by incorporating, for example,
mustard in the agent structure 50. Mustard, whether in the form of
ground mustard seed, powder, oil, or paste, can be provided alone
or in combination with an acid (such as citric acid) to catalyze
the production of AIT from mustard and enhance the anti-microbial
and odor management properties of the mustard. Because of its
effectiveness in extending perishable freshness as previously
described herein, AIT can provide multiple functions when
incorporated into a perishable package, e.g., AIT can perform both
freshness-extension and odor-management functions.
[0098] In some embodiments, the odor management agent can include
an additional ingredient for providing a pleasant or desired odor
or scent to a user. For example, a natural oil such as lemon grass
oil can be used to manage odors emanating from a package, to mask
the odor of the primary odor management agent itself, or to make
the odor of the odor management more pleasant to a user. It has
been shown that a composition comprising ground mustard seed and
anhydrous citric acid mixed with about 5% by weight of lemon grass
oil is particularly effective at managing unpleasant odors.
[0099] If the active agent includes an aromatic or perfumery
ingredient for providing a desired scent to a package, an
additional material for enhancing scent concentration in the
interior of the package can be included. For example, the web
material can include perlite to increase the scent concentration.
Perlite is desirable for use because of its ability to retain
scent, its stability, and its surface area. Non-limiting examples
of other materials for enhancing scent include microspheres, talc,
silicon, silicate such as aluminum silicate, vermiculite,
diatomaceous earth, or combinations thereof.
[0100] Further in accordance with the invention, the web material
or package can be provided with an activation system that is
triggered automatically, such as when the reclosable package is
opened or filled with contents. The activation system can be
mechanical in nature, such as a perforation or a peel apart system
that once separated initiates the release of the active agent.
Another activation method can be based on the humidity or moisture
level that is present in the package (e.g., which correlates to
water activity of the contents). For example, a high amount of
humidity can initiate a chemical or other reaction that
subsequently releases a volatile chemical such as carbon dioxide or
chlorine dioxide. In such an example, a greater amount of active
agent is added when the humidity is higher in the reclosable
package. Examples of reactions that are activated by a high
humidity level are salt and acid reactions, such as sodium
bicarbonate and citric acid, or sodium hypochlorite and citric
acid. The release of AIT is also aided by humidity as previously
explained. In such examples, a greater amount of active agent is
released into the package atmosphere when the humidity
increases.
[0101] During a method of operation of a reclosable package formed
with the subject web materials having, for example, a
humidity-activated freshness extension agent, perishables are
placed in the interior of the package, and an increased humidity or
moisture level in the perishables activates the freshness-extension
agent. Preferably, the reclosable package is formed of a barrier
material as described to inhibit activation of the active agent due
to the surrounding environment. Additionally, if the agent
structure is disposed proximate the mouth of a bag-like package or
proximate the rim of a container-like package, selective activation
or release can be accomplished. For example, the humidity or
moisture level of the perishables can activate the agent as the
perishables travel in the vicinity of the agent (e.g., through the
mouth or past the rim of the package during the initial placement
of the perishable products into the interior), while the perishable
products remain disposed in the interior, and upon entry of air
into the interior (e.g., during an opening of the package).
Disposing the agent structure proximate the mouth or rim of a
package can also be advantageous when maximum display of the
contents is desired in a transparent package.
[0102] A humidity activation method can further be controlled by
providing a barrier layer material. For example, it is preferable
that the web materials provide a barrier layer or be formed of a
barrier material so as to create an enclosed environment to prevent
or inhibit the introduction of humidity and the release of active
agent when a package formed from the web material is closed. As
used herein, the terms "barrier layer" and "barrier material"
include layers or materials that inhibit or otherwise control the
release of an active agent into a package atmosphere, rather than
being limited to layers or materials that completely block or
prevent such release.
[0103] An example of a barrier material is polyethylene glycol
(PEG) incorporated into low density polyethylenes (LDPE). Other
materials providing a barrier to transfer of water, water vapor,
oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ethylene, volatile or
non-volatile active agents include but are not limited to polymers,
copolymers, blends, extrusions, co-extrusions, coatings,
metallization or laminations of: low density polyethylene (LDPE),
linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), linear medium-density
polyethylene (LMDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), very low
density polyethylene (VLDPE), metallocene (mPE), polypropylene
(PP), oriented polypropylene (OPP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS), acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA),
acrylonitrile-EPDM-styrene (AES), ASA/AES copolymers, polyamide 6,
polyamide 66 and their copolyamides, poly vinyl chloride (PVC),
acrylic, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), ethylene/ethyl acrylate
(EEA), ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA), modified polystyrene,
ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVAL or EVOH), polyvinylidene chloride
(PVDC), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyamides, polyacrylic acid
(PAA), polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET),
polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), saran, ceramic filled
polymers, nanocomposite polymers, polychlorotrifluoroethylene
(PCTFE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylonitrile-methyl
acrylate (AC-MA), polyphenylene ether (PPE), polyphenylene oxide
(PPO), thermoplastic elastomer, cellophane, nylon, modified
polyolefins with barrier properties, cyclic olefin copolymers,
polyacrylonitriles, acrylonitrile copolymers, polyacetals, modified
polyesters, acrylic derivatives, and inorganic barrier
coatings.
[0104] Preferred barrier materials include metal foil, polyethylene
terephthalate (PET), metallized polymers, such as metallized
polyester, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), and ethylene vinyl
alcohol (EVOH).
[0105] Preferred materials that are suitable for blocking the
introduction of water vapor into a package include low density
polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE),
linear medium-density polyethylene (LMDPE), high density
polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), oriented polypropylene
(OPP), acrylonitrile-methyl-acrylate (AMA), poly vinyl chloride
(PVC), PMMA, acrylic, ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinylidene
chloride (PVDC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene
terephthalate glycol (PETG), saran, ceramic filled polymers,
nanocomposite polymers, polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE),
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate
(AC-MA), modified polyolefins with barrier properties, cyclic
olefin copolymers, polyacrylonitriles, acrylic derivatives,
inorganic barrier coatings, foils and metallized polymers,
polyvinylfluoride (PVF), ionomer, polyetherimide, Polyethylene
naphthalate (PEN), Butyl rubber, and polychloroprene (Neoprene
G).
[0106] Preferred materials that are suitable for blocking the
release of active agents and/or oxygen from a package include high
density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), oriented
polypropylene (OPP), acrylonitrile-methyl-acrylate (AMA), poly
vinyl chloride (PVC), PMMA, acrylic, polyvinylidene chloride
(PVDC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene
terephthalate glycol (PETG), saran, ceramic filled polymers,
nanocomposite polymers, polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE),
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate
(AC-MA), modified polyolefins with barrier properties, cyclic
olefin copolymers, polyacrylonitriles, acrylic derivatives,
inorganic barrier coatings, foils and metallized polymers,
Polyvinylfluoride (PVF), Polyetherimide, Polyethylene naphthalate
(PEN), Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyimide,
polyetheretherketone (PEEK),polyoxymethylene (POMC), polyacetal,
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyamide 6, polyamide 66
and their copolyamides, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT),
thermoplastic polyester (TPE), modified polystyrene, ethylene-vinyl
alcohol (EVAL or EVOH), polyamides, polylactic acid (PLA),
cellophane, nylon, modified polyesters, and polyethersulfone
(PES).
[0107] Of the foregoing materials, those that are suitable as
barrier layers for blocking both the introduction of water vapor to
and the release of active agents from a package include high
density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), oriented
polypropylene (OPP), acrylonitrile-methyl-acrylate (AMA), poly
vinyl chloride (PVC), PMMA, acrylic, polyvinylidene chloride
(PVDC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene
terephthalate glycol (PETG), saran, ceramic filled polymers,
nanocomposite polymers, polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE),
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate
(AC-MA), modified polyolefins with barrier properties, cyclic
olefin copolymers, polyacrylonitriles, acrylic derivatives,
inorganic barrier coatings, foils and metallized polymers,
Polyvinylfluoride (PVF), Polyetherimide, and Polyethylene
naphthalate (PEN).
[0108] It is also contemplated that other barrier materials such as
foils and metallized polymers such as metallized oriented
polypropylenes (OPP) can be used. The barrier layer is
substantially impermeable to at least water vapor and active
agents, and, in some embodiments, also to oxygen, nitrogen, and
carbon dioxide, or combinations thereof. The barrier layer thus
inhibits or prevents water vapor (and, in some embodiments, oxygen,
nitrogen, and carbon dioxide) from entering the interior of the
package, while inhibiting or preventing the active agent from
escaping the interior of the package. An example of a cyclic olefin
copolymer that can be used in forming the barrier layer is
TOPAS.RTM. 8007. Useful cyclic olefin copolymers are believed to be
available from several companies. For example, Ticona, a business
of Celanese AG, in Summit N.J. has cyclic olefin copolymers
available. Other companies that are believed to have cyclic olefin
copolymers available include Nippon Zeon (Japan), Mitsui Chemical
(Japan) and JSR (Japan), formerly know as Japan Synthetic Rubber.
Ticona, a business of Celanese AG, has commercially available
cyclic olefin copolymers (COCs) under the designation TOPAS.RTM..
These cyclic olefin copolymers are believed to be prepared with
feedstocks of norbornene and ethylene and the use of a metallocene
catalyst. There are believed to be at least four grades of
TOPAS.RTM. resins available (TOPAS.RTM. 8007, TOPAS.RTM. 6013,
TOPAS.RTM. 6015 and TOPAS.RTM. 6017). The four grades of TOPAS.RTM.
resins available have glass transition temperatures, T.sub.g, of
80, 140, 160 and 180.degree. C., respectively. The corresponding
norbornene levels of the four grades of TOPAS.RTM. resins are 35,
48, 55 and 59 mole %.
[0109] Preferably, the web material includes thermoplastic
materials. For example, a polymeric matrix layer can be provided
for impregnating or supporting a microencapsulated active agent
therein. The matrix layer of the agent structure 50 can be made of
polyolefinic materials such as polyethylenes, polypropylenes,
polystyrenes, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of
the matrix layer materials include polymers, copolymers or blends
of: low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density
polyethylene (LLDPE), linear medium-density polyethylene (LMDPE),
high density polyethylene (HDPE), very low density polyethylene
(VLDPE), metallocene (mPE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6
polyamide 66 and their copolyamide, poly vinyl chloride (PVC),
acrylic, thermoplastic polyester (TPE), ethylene/vinyl acetate
(EVA), polystyrene (PS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), modified
polystyrene, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyamides, polyacrylic
acid (PAA), polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate
glycol (PETG), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyphenylene ether
(PPE), thermoplastic elastomer, and cellulose and filled plastics.
These materials generally provide a good barrier to water vapor,
but allow permeation of oxygen and active agents. Polyethylene is
particularly advantageous because of its recyclability. Another
example of a material that can be used to form the web material is
ethyl methyl acrylate (EMA). A surface of web material can be
formed of a porous non-woven material (e.g., gauze) that allows the
active agent such as freshness extension, odor management agent or
other active agent to be released. For odor management, one of the
layers of the odor management structure can further include a
fragrance (e.g., a liquid fragrance), a scent-enhancing mineral,
and/or a polymeric resin (e.g., LLDPE).
[0110] As will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art,
the amount of agent to be used in combination with a package will
depend on the environment in which the agent is in use, e.g., the
loss and release rates of the agent. The release rate refers to the
rate at which the agent is released into the interior of the
package, and the loss rate refers to the rate at which the released
agent escapes from the interior of the package. Preferably, the
agents of the present invention are disposed in amounts such that
the release rate of the agent is greater than the loss rate of the
agent during a pre-determined "shelf life" or duration of use, so
that the presence of agent in the interior of a package is
replenished faster than it is lost, thus ensuring effective
performance of the agent. The loss rate of the agent depends upon a
variety of factors related to package design, construction, and
use.
[0111] It is contemplated that additional layers can be used as
part of the package to enhance performance of the active agent. For
example, a barrier layer can assist in keeping the active agent,
e.g., freshness-extension agent, in communication with the interior
of the reclosable package and, thus, assist in preventing or
inhibiting the freshness-extension agent from permeating through
the body panel. Similarly, the barrier layer, when used to define
the package, inhibits humidity or other activators from activating
the active agent.
[0112] For example, and with reference to the package embodiment of
FIG. 1, each of the opposing body panels 16, 18, preferably forms a
barrier layer that is substantially impermeable to at least water
vapor and active agents and, in some embodiments, also to oxygen,
nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or combinations thereof. The opposing
body panels 16, 18 thus can include, i.e., be at least partially
formed from one or more of, the foregoing materials. The opposing
body panels 16, 18 can include barrier layers located on exterior
and/or interior surfaces of the packages.
[0113] Based upon the above, the web material of the invention,
which includes a barrier layer with active agent carried thereon,
can be used to form a portion of a package, such as a body panel, a
lidding material or a wrap. Alternatively, the web material of the
invention can be formed to define an agent structure for use with a
package or as otherwise desired.
[0114] For purposes of illustration, disclosed packages of the
present invention will now be further described herein with respect
to freshness-extension agents incorporated in or carried by agent
structures of the invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art
will understand that the disclosed packages can be suitably
modified to include other types of active agents.
[0115] In one such embodiment, the barrier layer can define or
otherwise be located on an inner surface of a freshness-extension
structure as shown in, for example, FIG. 3a. In FIG. 3a, one side
of a package 210 is depicted with a body panel 212 that includes a
freshness-extension structure 214, and a second body panel (not
shown in FIG. 3a). The freshness-extension agent of the
freshness-extension structure 214 is in communication with the
interior space, while one surface of the freshness-extension
structure 214 is attached to a surface 212a of the body panel 212
via an adhesive, a heat seal, or a weld, e.g., an ultrasonic weld.
It is contemplated that other attachment methods can be used. For
example, the freshness-extension structure can be attached to at
least one surface of the body panels, using mechanical methods such
as clips or staples. Further, the freshness-extension structure can
be provided as a coextrusion structure or as a laminate.
Alternatively, it can be coated on a layer of film. In accordance
with the invention, the web material thus includes the body panel
212 of the embodiment of FIG. 3a with the active agent disposed
thereon.
[0116] Alternatively, and as previously noted, the web material can
be formed into a separate agent structure, having a base layer with
the active agent carried by the base layer. The base layer can be
made of a barrier layer, or a diffusion material with the active
agent contained therein, and/or can have the active agent disposed
between the base layer and removable covers. Alternatively or
additionally, a diffusion layer can be disposed between the base
layer and the removable covers and/or a barrier layer can be
provided on the base layer opposite the removable covers. The
barrier layer, base layer and diffusion layers are, in one
embodiment, preferably are made of polypropylene, polyethylene, and
ethylmethyl acrylate, respectively.
[0117] The separate agent structure can be in the form of a patch,
a tape or a pouch. By providing an adhesive, the agent structures
can be adhered to a body panel of the package. If attached to the
web material, that is, ultimately attached a wall or body panel of
a package, such attachment can be facilitated by an adhesive,
cohesive, fusion or weld connection. In alternate embodiments, the
agent structures can simply be placed within the package.
[0118] One example depicted in FIG. 3b includes a reclosable
package 230 comprising a first body panel 212, a second body panel
(not shown in FIG. 3b), and a freshness-extension structure 234.
The structure 234 comprises a first layer 216 that is a barrier
layer and a second polymeric layer 218 that includes a
freshness-extension agent. The first layer 216 can be a polymeric
barrier layer using one of the previously mentioned barrier
materials. One example of a polymer that can be used in the second
polymeric layer 218 is a polyolefin such as a linear low density
polyethylene (LLDPE). An outer surface 216a of the first layer 216
of FIG. 3b is attached to an inner surface 212a of the first body
panel 212. The second polymeric layer 218 is directly adjacent to
the first layer 216 so that the freshness-extension agent is in
communication with the interior space. Depending on the materials
that form the first and second layers 216, 218, it may not be
necessary to adhesively attach the layers together. Rather, for
example, the first and second layers can be co-extruded together if
the materials for forming the first and second layers are
compatible. In the embodiment of FIG. 3b, the body panel 212 need
not be a barrier material, since a layer 216, providing barrier
function is already provided, although it is preferred that the
body panel 212 include barrier characteristics.
[0119] It is also contemplated that information can be printed on
the freshness-extension structure 234 such as on the barrier layer.
It is contemplated that the printing can occur on different
locations of the structure. For enhanced visibility and readability
of the printing, it may be desirable to print on the surface of the
freshness-extension structure that is closest to the body panel
when the structure is located in the interior of the reclosable
package. For example, in FIG. 3b, the printing would be desirably
located between the first body panel 212 and the first layer 216.
If adhesive is used to attach the first layer 216 of FIG. 3b to the
surface 212a, then the printing can be located between the adhesive
and the first layer 216. It is contemplated that other attachment
methods can be used such as a heat seal or mechanical methods.
[0120] Referring to FIG. 3c, a reclosable package 250 comprises a
first body panel 212, a second body panel (not shown in FIG. 3c),
and a freshness-extension structure 254 in the form of a patch or
tape. It is contemplated that the structure can be in the form of a
pouch or a coating. The freshness-extension structure 254 comprises
a first layer 216 that is a barrier layer, and a second polymeric
layer 218 that includes a freshness-extension agent, and a third
polymeric layer 220 that is a diffusion layer. The first layer 216,
as discussed above, can be a polymeric layer. The second polymeric
layer 218 that includes the freshness-extension agent is located
between the first and third layers 216, 220. One example of a
polymer that can be used in the second polymeric layer 218 is a
polyolefin, such as a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). The
freshness-extension agent is in communication with the interior
space of the reclosable package via the third polymeric layer 220
that is permeable. Thus, the third polymeric layer 220 controls the
permeability and must be permeable to the extent that the
freshness-extension agent can enter the interior of the reclosable
package therethrough.
[0121] It is contemplated that the third polymeric layer 220 can
comprise a cyclic olefin copolymer. The third polymer layer can
comprise from about 10 to about 80 wt. % or, more specifically,
from about 20 to about 40 wt. % cyclic olefin copolymer to assist
in reducing curling of the polymeric structure. While not being
bound by theory, curling tends to be caused when the materials
forming the polymeric-structure layers are not as compatible with
each other because of, for example, their different shrink rates.
The barrier layer can comprise a more crystalline material that
does not shrink much, if any, over time as compared to the
diffusion layer that can comprise a material, such as polyethylene,
that tends to shrink over time. The disadvantage of such structure
curl is that the edges tend to curl in a transverse direction upon
itself and therefore cause processing problems. The curling of the
polymeric structure can be reduced or inhibited by using a cyclic
olefin copolymer in the third polymeric layer, whereby the first
layer and the third polymeric layer become more compatible. The
addition of a cyclic olefin copolymer to the third polymeric layer
220 also slows the permeation of the freshness extension agent into
the interior of the reclosable package 250.
[0122] As discussed above, it is contemplated that the
freshness-extension structure 254 of FIG. 3c can have a release
agent (e.g., a slip additive) that assists in preventing or
inhibiting the polymeric structure from sticking to itself. It is
also contemplated that information can be printed on the structure
254. The first layer 216 can be attached to the surface of the body
panel(s), via an adhesive, heat seal or other methods.
[0123] Referring to FIG. 3d, a reclosable package 270 comprises a
first body panel 212, a second body panel (not shown in FIG. 3d),
and a freshness-extension structure 274 in the form of a patch or
tape. It is contemplated that the structure 274 can be a pouch. The
freshness-extension structure 274 comprises a first layer 216 being
a barrier layer, and a second polymeric layer 219 being a diffusion
layer and including a freshness-extension agent. The
freshness-extension agent must be able to communicate with the
interior space of the reclosable package or bag. The first layer
216 can be attached to the body panel 212, via an adhesive, a heat
seal, a weld, or other methods.
[0124] The reclosable package can include more than one
freshness-extension or "agent" structure that includes a
freshness-extension agent therein. For example, the reclosable
package can include two or three freshness-extension structures
that each contain a freshness-extension agent.
[0125] A freshness-extension structure (e.g., a freshness-extension
agent containing patch, tape, pouch, or coating) can vary in size
and is dependent on factors such as the desired amount of
freshness-extension, the particular freshness-extension agent being
used, the number of freshness-extension structures being used in a
package, and the size of the package. The dimensions of the
freshness-extension structure are generally from about 1/2 inch or
1 inch to about 12 inches. Non-limiting examples of
freshness-extension structure dimensions include 1/2 inch.times.1
inch, 1 inch by 1 inch, 1/2 inch.times.2 inches, 1 inch.times.6
inches, 2.times.4 inches, and 4.times.12 inches. The thicknesses of
the freshness-extension structures can vary in the present
invention but are generally less than about 20 mils. In some
embodiments, the thickness of the structures is preferably about 12
to 16 mils, and more preferably about 14 to 15 mils. In other
embodiments, the thickness of the structures is preferably about 5
to 10 mil, and more preferably 5 to 6 mil.
[0126] According to another embodiment, the freshness-extension
structure can include a non-woven matrix. The non-woven matrix can
be impregnated after the non-woven matrix has been formed. The
impregnation of the non-woven matrix can be accomplished by a
freshness-extension agent coating. Alternatively, the non-woven
matrix can be initially formed with the freshness-extension agent
therein. According to a further embodiment, the freshness-extension
agent of the agent structure can be micro-encapsulated in a
freshness-extension structure.
[0127] The freshness-extension structure being a patch, tape,
pouch, or coating in one embodiment is located in, or in
communication with the interior of a package or bag, such as the
reclosable package 10. For example in FIG. 3a, a partial
cross-sectional view of one side of the reclosable package 210 is
depicted with the body panel 212 and the freshness-extension
structure 214. The structure 214 is attached to an interior surface
212a of the body panel 212 in which the interior surface 212a forms
an interior portion of the reclosable package 210.
[0128] Alternatively, the freshness-extension structure being a
coating, patch, pouch, or tape can be located on an exterior
surface of an article or within layers of an article such that the
freshness-extension agent is able to permeate into or communicate
with the interior of the reclosable package. For example, the
freshness-extension structure being a coating, patch, pouch, or
tape can be located on the web material so as to be on an exterior
surface of a reclosable package in which a portion of the body
panel is removed such that the freshness-extension agent from the
freshness-extension structure can permeate into the interior of the
reclosable package. For example, referring to FIG. 4, a partial
cross-sectional view of a web material for forming at least one
side of a reclosable package 310 is shown with a
freshness-extension structure 314 attached to an exterior surface
316a of a body panel 316. The body panel 316 has at least one
opening 318 that allows the freshness-extension agent from the
freshness-extension structure 314 to permeate into the interior of
the reclosable package 310. The opening(s) 318 can be one large
opening or a plurality of smaller openings that extends from and
through the body panel 316 of the reclosable package 310. The
opening(s) 318 can be formed by processes known in the art
including a perforation process.
[0129] In another example, FIG. 5 depicts a partial cross-sectional
view of a web material for forming at least one side of a
reclosable package or bag 410. The reclosable package or bag 410
comprises an exterior layer 412, a freshness-extension structure
414, and an interior layer 416 with opening(s) 418. The
freshness-extension structure 414 is located between and attached
to the exterior layer 412 and the interior layer 416. The
opening(s) 418 allows the freshness-extension agent from the
structure 414 to be in communication with the interior of the
reclosable package or bag 410. The freshness-extension structure
can be inserted between the interior layer 416 and exterior layer
412 during manufacture of the web material, prior to forming the
web material into the reclosable package or bag 410.
[0130] It is contemplated that a layer of a reclosable package can
be permeable to the freshness-extension agent of the
freshness-extension structure such that the freshness-extension
agent is in communication with the interior of the reclosable
package. FIG. 6 depicts such an example where a partial
cross-sectional view of a web material for forming a reclosable
package 510 is shown. The reclosable package 510 comprises a
freshness-extension structure 514 and a diffusion layer 516. The
diffusion layer 516 allows the freshness-extension agent from the
freshness-extension structure 514 to enter the interior of the
reclosable package. The freshness-extension structure 514 can be
attached to the diffusion layer 516 during manufacture of the web
material, prior to forming the web material into the reclosable
package or bag 510.
[0131] The diffusion layer 516 can be made of a suitable material
that allows the freshness-extension agent to reach the interior of
the reclosable package in a relatively quick fashion. Thus,
materials providing permeation of water, water vapor, oxygen,
nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ethylene, volatile actives or nonvolatile
active agents can be used for the diffusion layer. Examples of a
diffusion layer 516 include polymers, copolymers, blends,
extrusions, co-extrusions, coatings or laminations of: low density
polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), very
low density polyethylene (VLDPE), metallocene (mPE), polypropylene
(PP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyamide 6, polyamide
66 and their copolyamides, poly vinyl chloride (PVC), acrylic,
polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), thermoplastic polyester (TPE),
ethylene/ethyl acrylate (EEA), ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA),
polystyrene (PS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), modified
polystyrene, ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVAL or EVOH), polyacrylic
acid (PAA), polylactic acid (PLA), filled polymers, hydrophilic
nanocomposite polymers, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA),
thermoplastic elastomers, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS),
polymethylpentene (PMP), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyvinyl alcohol
(PVAL), and cellulose acetate (CA), all of which have general
affinity for moisture.
[0132] As will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art,
the same type of polymer material can be used in forming either the
matrix, barrier, or diffusion layer, depending on the percentage
ratio of the material in the layer composition, the quantity of the
material in the layer composition (e.g., the thickness of the layer
composition), and/or the method of fabrication. Thus, the use of a
particular polymer material as a component for the matrix, barrier,
or diffusion layer depends on its amount and manner of use.
[0133] FIG. 7 depicts another embodiment with a partial
cross-sectional view of a web material for forming at least one
side of a reclosable package 530 that includes an additional layer
(exterior layer 512) as compared to the reclosable package 510 of
FIG. 6.
[0134] It is contemplated that additional layers can be added in
forming the web materials and reclosable packages shown in FIGS.
3-7. For example, an ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer or
polyvinylidene chloride layer (PVDC) can be used in forming the
body panels of the reclosable package, or in forming a barrier
layer of the package. Such a barrier layer assists in keeping the
freshness extension ingredient in communication with the interior
of the reclosable package. Other layers, such as a
freshness-extension enhancing layer, are also contemplated. A
freshness-extension enhancing layer can operate to enhance delivery
of the freshness extension agent with increasing humidity. Such a
freshness-extension enhancing layer is particularly advantageous,
since increased humidity often results in a corresponding increase
in bacterial growth that leads to increased perishable spoiling.
One example of a freshness extension enhancing layer is polyvinyl
alcohol (PVOH).
[0135] The freshness-extension structure can include one or more
peelable covers. An example of such an embodiment is depicted in
FIG. 8 where a partial cross-sectional view of a web material for
forming one side of a reclosable package 610 comprises a body panel
612, a freshness-extension structure 614, and a peelable cover 622.
The peelable cover 622 covers at least a portion of the
freshness-extension structure 614 and may cover the entire
freshness-extension structure 614 that is exposed in the interior
of the reclosable package 610. The peelable cover 622 prevents or
inhibits the freshness-extension agent from escaping the
freshness-extension structure 614 in its initial position shown in
FIG. 8. The peelable cover can be attached to the body panel 612
and/or the freshness-extension structure 614. The peelable cover
622 is removed by a user from the freshness-extension structure 614
to enhance or begin the release of the freshness-extension agent
from the freshness-extension structure 614. Typically, the removal
of the peelable cover 622 by the user occurs when a package is
going to have perishable placed into it. One example of the
peelable cover 622 is a barrier layer such as EVOH or PVDC. It is
contemplated that a peelable cover can be used with any of the
freshness-extension structures that are in the form of a patch,
tape, or pouch.
[0136] According to one embodiment, a reclosable package is adapted
to store items and comprises a first thermoplastic body panel, a
second thermoplastic body panel, and at least one polymeric
freshness-extension structure adapted to extend the freshness of
items by increasing the time items can be stored in the article
without spoiling. The first and second body panels are joined along
a pair of opposing sides and a bottom bridging the sides so as to
form an open mouth. The joined first and second body panels form an
interior space for storing items. The polymeric freshness-extension
structure is attached to a surface of the web material that forms
one or more of the first and second body panels, and is in
communication with the interior space. The freshness-extension
structure further includes a peelable cover in which the peelable
cover is adapted to initially cover at least a portion of the
polymeric freshness-extension structure.
[0137] According to another embodiment, a web material can be
provided that yields a reclosable package having two
freshness-extension structures. For example, referring to FIG. 9a,
a reclosable package 710 comprises a first thermoplastic body panel
712, a second thermoplastic body panel (not shown in FIG. 9a) a
first freshness-extension structure 714a, and a second
freshness-extension structure 714b. As discussed above, the first
and second body panels are joined along a pair of opposing sides
and a bottom bridging the sides so as to form an open mouth. The
joined first and second body panels form an interior space for
storing items.
[0138] The first freshness-extension structure 714a comprises two
layers and is a patch or tape. It is contemplated that the first
and second freshness-extension structures can form a pouch. The
first freshness-extension structure 714a comprises a first layer
716a being a barrier layer, and a second polymeric layer 719a being
a diffusion layer and including a freshness-extension agent. The
first layer 716a can be a polymeric layer. The second polymeric
layer 719a is directly adjacent to the first layer 716a. The first
layer 716a is shown in FIG. 9a as being attached to the web
material which forms the first body panel 712 via an adhesive, heat
seal or other methods.
[0139] Similarly, the second freshness-extension structure 714b
comprises two layers and is a patch or tape. The second
freshness-extension structure 714b comprises a third layer 716b
being a barrier layer, and a fourth polymeric layer 719b being a
diffusion layer and including a freshness-extension agent. The
fourth polymeric layer 719b is directly adjacent to the third layer
716b. The third layer 716b can be a polymeric layer. The second
polymeric layer 719a is releasably heat sealed at selected
locations to the fourth polymeric layer 719b such that the
respective freshness-extension agent permeates into the interior of
the reclosable package 710 via interior area 717.
[0140] The interior area 717 can be formed by having the first and
second freshness-extension structures 714a, b curl with respect to
each other. As shown in FIG. 9a, the interior area 717 is formed
between the second and fourth polymeric layers 719a, b. A slight
curl of the freshness-extension structures enables the
freshness-extension agent to be in communication with the interior
of the reclosable package. It is desirable to have some curl in the
embodiment depicted in FIG. 9a to assist in enabling the
freshness-extension agent to be in communication with the interior
of the reclosable package or bag. As discussed above, the curling
of the freshness-extension structures can be formed from using
materials for forming the freshness-extension structures that are
less compatible (i.e., the shrink rates of the materials
differ).
[0141] It is contemplated that additional layers can be used in
forming the two freshness-extension structures. For example, in
FIG. 9b, a reclosable package 730 comprises a first thermoplastic
body panel 712, a second thermoplastic body panel (not shown in
FIG. 9b), a first freshness-extension structure 734a, and a second
freshness-extension structure 734b. The first and second body
panels are joined along a pair of opposing sides and a bottom
bridging the sides so as to form an open mouth. The joined first
and second body panels form an interior space for storing
items.
[0142] The first freshness-extension structure 734a comprises three
layers and is a patch or tape. It is contemplated that the first
and second freshness-extension structures can form a pouch or a
coating. The first freshness-extension structure 734a comprises a
first layer 716a being a barrier layer, a second polymeric layer
718a comprising a freshness-extension agent, and a third polymeric
720a being a diffusion layer. The first layer 716a can be a
polymeric layer. The second polymeric layer 718a is located between
the first and third layers 716a, 720a. The first layer 716a is
shown in FIG. 9b as being attached to the web material that forms
the first body panel 712 via an adhesive or heat seal such that the
freshness-extension agent is in communication with the interior
space. It is contemplated that other attaching methods can be used
such as mechanical devices like clips or staples.
[0143] Similarly, the second freshness-extension structure 734b
comprises three layers and is a patch or tape. The second
thermoplastic freshness-extension structure 734b comprises a fourth
layer 716b being a barrier layer, a fifth polymeric layer 718b
comprising a freshness-extension agent, and a sixth polymeric layer
720b being a diffusion layer. The fourth layer 716b can be a
polymeric layer. The fifth polymeric layer 718b is located between
the fourth and sixth polymeric layers 716b, 720b. The third
polymeric layer 720a is heat sealed at selected locations to the
sixth polymeric layer 720b such that the respective
freshness-extension agent of the second polymeric layer 718a and
the fifth polymeric layer 718b is adapted to enter the interior
space of the reclosable package between the third polymeric layer
720a and the sixth polymeric layer 720b.
[0144] As discussed above, an interior area 727 can be formed by
having the first and second freshness-extension structures 734a,
734b curl with respect to each other. As shown in FIG. 9b, the
interior area 727 is formed between the third and sixth polymeric
layers 720a, 720b.
[0145] According to another embodiment, a reclosable package 810 is
shown in FIG. 10a comprising a first thermoplastic body panel 812a,
a second thermoplastic body panel 812b, a first freshness-extension
structure 814a, and a second freshness-extension structure 814b.
The first and second body panels 812a, 812b are joined along a pair
of opposing sides and a bottom bridging the sides so as to form an
open mouth. The joined first and second body panels form an
interior space for storing items.
[0146] The first freshness-extension structure 814a comprises two
layers and is a patch or tape. It is contemplated that the first
and second freshness-extension structures can be in the form of a
pouch. The first freshness-extension structure 814a comprises a
first layer 816a being a barrier layer, and a second polymeric
layer 819a being a diffusion layer and including a
freshness-extension agent. The first layer 816a can be a polymeric
layer. The second polymeric layer 819a is directly adjacent to the
first layer 816a. The first layer 816a is shown in FIG. 10a as
being attached to the web material, which forms the first body
panel 812a via an adhesive or heat seal. It is contemplated that
other attachment methods may be used. To adhere to the web
material, which forms the first body panel 812a, the first layer
816a can include a coating that is not sticky or tacky at room
temperature. Such a coating may become sticky, for example, at
higher temperatures, or upon exposure to infrared radiation or
heat.
[0147] Similarly, the second freshness-extension structure 814b
comprises two layers and is a patch or tape. The second
freshness-extension structure 814b comprises a third layer 816b
being a barrier layer, and a fourth polymeric layer 819b being a
diffusion layer and including a freshness-extension agent. The
third layer 816b can be a polymeric layer. The fourth polymeric
layer 819b is directly adjacent to the third layer 816b. The third
layer 816b is shown in FIG. 10a as being attached to the web
material, which forms second body panel 812b via an adhesive or
heat seal. It is contemplated that other attachment methods may be
used. To adhere to the web material, which forms the second body
panel 812b, the third layer 816b may include a coating that is not
sticky or tacky at room temperature. Such a coating may become s
sticky, for example, at higher temperatures, or upon exposure to
infrared radiation or heat.
[0148] It is contemplated that the first freshness-extension
structure and the second freshness-extension structure can be
formed of different compositions. For example, the first structure
can include a first freshness-extension agent, while the second
structure may be a second freshness-extension agent, and may
include a color indicator, for example. In forming such an
embodiment, the first and second freshness-extension structures
can, for example, be formed by extruding two different patches,
tapes, pouches, or by applying two different coatings.
[0149] Alternatively, the reclosable package can be formed by other
than two or more layer structures. For example, a barrier layer
need not be provided if the web material used to form the body
panels 812 are formed of a material suitable to function as a
barrier layer. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 10b, a reclosable
package 830 includes a first freshness-extension structure 834a
that comprises a first layer 816a that comprises a
freshness-extension agent, and a second polymeric layer 818a that
is a diffusion layer. The reclosable package 830 also includes a
second freshness-extension structure 834b that comprises a third
layer 816b that comprises a freshness-extension agent, and a fourth
polymeric layer 818b that is a diffusion layer. It is contemplated
that the first and second freshness-extension structures can be
made of different compositions, such as being made of different
freshness-extension agents or diffusion layers.
[0150] According to yet another embodiment, the reclosable package
can be formed by three or more layers. For example, as shown in
FIG. 10c, a reclosable package 850 made from a web material in
accordance with the invention includes a first freshness-extension
structure 854a that comprises a first layer 816a that is a barrier
layer, a second polymeric layer 818a that comprises a
freshness-extension agent, and a third polymeric layer 820a that is
a diffusion layer. The reclosable package 850 includes a second
freshness-extension structure 854b that comprises a fourth layer
816b that is a barrier layer, a fifth polymeric layer 818b that
comprises a freshness-extension agent, and a sixth polymeric layer
820b that is a diffusion layer. The first and second
freshness-extension structures 854a, b are attached to first and
second body panels 812a, 812b, respectively, via an adhesive or
heat seal. It is contemplated that the first and second structures
can be made of different compositions, such as being made of
different barrier materials or freshness-extension agents.
[0151] As previously described, the freshness-extension agents of
the present invention can contain an activation system that is
triggered by a user opening a reclosable package or placing
contents therein. In some embodiments, such as the embodiment shown
and described with respect to FIG. 8, the activation system of the
freshness-extension agents of the present invention is mechanical
in nature. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 8, the activation
system includes a perforation or a peel-apart system which, once
separated, initiates the release of the freshness-extension
agent.
[0152] In accordance with another such aspect of the invention, a
reclosable package 910, made from a web material in accordance with
the invention, is shown in FIG. 11a, including a first
thermoplastic body panel 912a, a second thermoplastic body panel
912b, and a freshness-extension structure 914 disposed
therebetween. The first and second body panels 912a, 912b are
joined along a pair of opposing sides and a bottom bridging the
sides so as to form an open mouth. The joined first and second body
panels form an interior space for storing items. The
freshness-extension structure 914 can be in the form of a patch or
tape as embodied herein, and comprises three layers. Particularly,
the freshness-extension structure 914 depicted in FIG. 11a
comprises a first layer 916a being a barrier layer, a second
polymeric layer 919 being a frangible diffusion layer with a
freshness-extension agent, and a third layer 916b being a barrier
layer.
[0153] As shown in FIG. 11a, the second layer 919 is a one-time
breakable element extending between the first barrier layer 916a
and the second barrier layer 916b. The one-time breakable element
of the second layer 919 therefore inhibits or prevents the
freshness-extension agent from escaping into the package while in
its initial position shown in FIG. 11a.
[0154] The one-time breakable element 921 can include one or more
polymeric resins and polyolefins, and can be used with any of the
previously-described freshness-extension structures. Polyolefins
used as one-time breakable element include, but are not limited to,
polyethylenes, polypropylenes, and combinations thereof. Some
non-limiting types of polyethylenes include low density
polyethylenes (LDPE), linear low density polyethylenes (LLDPE),
high density polyethylenes (HDPE), medium density polyethylenes
(MDPE) and combinations thereof. Other non-limiting examples
include plastomers, elastomers, ethylene vinyl acetates (EVA),
ethyl methacrylates, polymethylpentene copolymers,
polyisobutylenes, polyolefin ionomers, cyclic olefin copolymers
(COCs), or combinations thereof, including with polyethylenes
and/or polypropylenes.
[0155] The one-time breakable element of the second layer 919 can
include a one-time breakable preferential area of weakness or
preferential tear area similar to the preferential areas of
weakness or tear areas previously described herein or a one-time
breakable adhesive or cohesive seal. Alternatively, the second
layer 919 can be formed by selectively cross-linking the diffusion
material to define the one-time breakable element. Generally, the
bond between the second layer 919 and the adjacent layers must be
stronger than the frangible portion of the one-time breakable
element that joins portions 919a and 919b as described further
below.
[0156] As shown in FIG. 11b, breakage of the one-time breakable
element divides the second layer 919 into a first portion 919a and
a second portion 919b, each having a surface exposed, and thereby
begins or enhances the release of freshness-extension agent
thereto. Typically, breakage of the one-time breakable element by a
user occurs when the package is initially opened to place contents
therein.
[0157] In another such embodiment having a mechanical release
mechanism, a reclosable package 1010, made from a web material in
accordance with the invention, is shown in FIG. 12a comprising a
first thermoplastic body panel 1012a, a second thermoplastic body
panel 1012b, a freshness-extension structure 1014, and a removable
or peelable cover 1021. The first and second body panels 1012a,
1012b are joined along a pair of opposing sides and a bottom
bridging the sides so as to form an open mouth. The joined first
and second body panels form an interior space for storing items.
The freshness-extension structure 1014 is in the form of a patch or
tape and comprises two layers, e.g., a first layer 1016 being a
barrier layer and a second polymeric layer 1019 being a diffusion
layer and including a freshness-extension agent.
[0158] As shown in FIG. 12a, the removable cover 1021 is similar to
that of FIG. 8, but is securely attached to panel 1012b. The
removable cover 1021 covers at least a portion of the second layer
1019, and, as shown, preferably covers the entire second layer 1019
that is otherwise exposed in the interior of the package 1010. As
shown in FIG. 12b, removal of the cover 1021 exposes the
freshness-extension layer 1019 to the interior of the package 1010
and thereby begins or enhances release of freshness-extension agent
thereto at least while the package is open. This embodiment of
FIGS. 12a and 12b is particularly suitable for waste bags and
liners or the like.
[0159] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the removable cover 1021
can cooperate with a slider of the fastener of the reclosable
package 1010, so that the removable cover can be removed from the
freshness-extension layer when the reclosable package 1010 is
opened via the slider.
[0160] As set forth above, the subject web material can be used in
processes to form the foregoing reclosable containers. The web
material is used as a film to construct the body panels, or walls
of the foregoing reclosable packages. The web material is either
manufactured in a separate manufacturing process, or in-line with
and preceding forming of containers with the web material. These
containers include, but are not limited to rigid containers, bags,
wraps and foils. The previous exemplary embodiments are directed to
a web material including a first layer having an active agent
carried thereon by an agent structure. Reference will now be made
to alternative web material constructions of the invention.
[0161] FIG. 13 illustrates a web material 1300 in accordance with
another aspect of the invention. As illustrated, the web material
1300 is disposed in a roll 1301, and includes two layers 1320 and
1330, joined along an interface 1310. As embodied herein, the first
layer 1320 preferably acts as a barrier layer and the second layer
1330 preferably acts as a diffusion layer. Active agents, can be
disposed either within the second layer 1330, or between the first
layer 1320 and the second layer 1330. The first layer 1320, as a
barrier layer, preferably inhibits passage of water and active
agent, while the second layer 1330, as a diffusion layer, allows
passage of at least active agent vapor. Depending on the intended
use, permeability to both water vapor and active agent vapor is
desired through the second layer. In certain embodiments, the
diffusion layer not only is permeable to water vapor but is
hydrophilic. If desired, an increased resistance to diffusion
through the barrier layer can be achieved by increasing the
thickness of the barrier layer. By contrast, and as set forth
above, inhibition of the passage of solid, liquid and vapor phases
of water and active agent through the barrier layer is desirable.
Any of the barrier and diffusion materials set forth herein, or
other suitable materials can be utilized. In a preferred
embodiment, the barrier materials include polypropylene (PP) or
polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and the diffusion materials
include polymers such as ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA), ethylene
vinyl-acetate (EVA) or Nylon, for example.
[0162] The web material of FIG. 13 advantageously releases active
agent from the surface of the second layer, which can be aligned
with or positioned adjacent the food or other perishable product.
This feature is advantageous regardless of the form of the web
material e.g., a wrap, material or bag. Furthermore, and in
accordance with another aspect of the invention, the second
material layer has a predetermined material property. For example,
if intended for use as a food wrap, it is preferable that the
diffusion layer embodied herein include cling characteristics, such
as through inclusion or use of one or more cling materials.
Preferably, a cling material is capable of being attracted to
and/or adhering at least to glass or metal containers. If intended
for use as a lidding material, the diffusion layer should be
capable of sealing to other plastic materials. In such embodiments,
a material can be selected to include a predetermined material
property that performs the desired function. Preferably, the
material is still permeable to both water vapor and active agent,
to allow water vapor to activate the active agent, and to allow the
active agent to enter the compartment of the package.
[0163] Cling materials can include a material selected from the
group consisting of linear low density polyethylene, linear ultra
low density polyethylene, polyethylene copolymer,
ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer, polyisobutylene, atactic
polypropylene, cis-polybutadiene, bromobutyl rubber, ethylene vinyl
acetate (EVA), ethyl methyl acetate (EMA), and combinations
thereof. Selected cling materials are set forth in U.S. Pat. No.
4,624,991, U.S. Pat. No. 6,500,901, U.S. Pat. No. RE38,658, U.S.
Pat. No. 4,348,455, U.S. Pat. No. 5,334,428, U.S. Pat. No.
6,083,611, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,430,457, each of which is
incorporated herein in its entirety.
[0164] If the web material is embodied as a lidding material, the
web material can include, but need not be limited to metal foils,
polyethylene terephthalate, Nylon, metallized polymers,
polyvinylidene chloride, and ethylene vinyl alcohol.
[0165] Further in accordance with the invention, a web material can
include at least three material layers. FIG. 14 illustrates a web
material 1400 similar to the web material 1300 of FIG. 13, but one
which includes three such material layers. The web material
includes a first material layer 1440, which is preferably a barrier
layer, a second material layer 1430, which is preferably an active
agent layer, and a third material layer 1420, which is preferably a
functional layer 1420. At least one of either the active agent
layer 1430 or the functional layer preferably acts as a diffusion
layer, allowing passage of water and active agent vapor. The
functional layer 1420 has a predetermined material property, such
as providing cling and/or sealing characteristics, but also should
be permeable to active agent vapor. Accordingly, a material for the
functional layer 1420 that both provides the predetermined material
property and is suitable for use as a diffusion layer for active
agent vapor and water vapor, is desirable. Advantageously, the
amount of functional layer can be reduced as compared with that
incorporated with the embodiment of FIG. 13.
[0166] In the embodiments of FIGS. 13 and 14, the plurality of
layers can be co-extruded during manufacture, or can be mutually
attached following extrusion. Mutual attachment can be achieved in
any suitable manner and can include spraying, dipping, static
adhesion, printing, co-extrusion, electroless deposition, casting,
vapor deposition, fusion, and/or embedding, among other processes.
Further, the layers can be coextensive, or certain layers can
extend further than other layers. Other variations and
modifications are described in further detail. The amount and rate
of active agent released from the web material can be controlled by
adjusting the concentration of active agent and/or the diffusing
characteristics of the diffusion layer.
[0167] In accordance with another aspect, the invention includes a
web material disposed in the form of a stripe on the first material
layer. FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate isometric and end views,
respectively, of a web material 1500, wherein a first layer 1510
and a second layer 1530 are provided, and wherein active agent is
disposed in the form of a stripe 1540. The stripe can be
incorporated in one of the first and second layers, or disposed
between the first and second layers as depicted in FIG. 16. As set
forth above, at least one of the first layer 1510 and the second
layer 1530 embodied herein is a barrier layer, the other being a
diffusion layer, permeable to at least active agent vapor. As set
forth hereinabove, water vapor can act to initiate the release of
active agent; therefore, the diffusion layer is also preferably
permeable to water vapor. The width of the stripe 1540 therefore
can be preselected so as to provide the desired amount of active
agent at a desired location. The width of the stripe can range from
a thin line to a layer that extends substantially across the entire
with of the web material. As such, a range of amounts of active
agent can be incorporated, thereby tailoring the amount of active
agent released from the web material. If more active agent is
desired, for example, then a wider stripe 1540 can be applied. If
less is desired, a narrower stripe 1540 can be provided. Likewise,
the location of active agent can be controlled by the location of
the stripe. The relative amount of coverage provided by the stripe
1540 is referred to herein as the "active agent area." As evident
in the descriptions that follow, the active agent area is not
limited to a straight line or stripe, but can include alternative
configurations, including a pattern for the application of active
agent in accordance with the invention. In a pattern, the active
agent need not cover the entire region to which it is applied, and
therefore, allows further tailoring of the available active agent,
as appropriate.
[0168] FIG. 17 illustrates a web material 1700 in accordance with
the invention, wherein active agent is disposed in a pattern 1720
on a material web 1710. The material web can be any suitable
material, but preferably includes a barrier material. Additionally,
the material web 1710 can include at least one predetermined
material property to provide features such as cling or sealing
capability. In the embodiment illustrated, the pattern 1720 is
confined by borders 1750a and 1750b, which define an active agent
region R. In this embodiment, active agent is only applied as part
of the pattern. As is apparent from the figure, the active agent
area can be reduced when the active agent is disposed in a pattern.
The active agent can be applied in any of an endless variety of
patterns by way of, e.g. printing plates, roller(s), brush(es), or
ink jet. In certain embodiments, the active agent is disposed in
conjunction with color indicators. Such indicators can also be
applied in a pattern together with or separate from the active
agent. Further, the pattern and/or any other mode of presenting the
active agent, can include colorants to provide a desired aesthetic
effect. Accordingly, if desired, color images can be provided, with
such images also carrying active agent.
[0169] As an alternative to the embodiment of FIG. 15, FIG. 18
illustrates a web material 1800, in accordance with the invention
in which active agent 1830 is carried by the first material layer
1810 of the web material 1800, which itself is provided in a roll
1801. In accordance with the invention, the web material includes a
first layer, which is preferably a barrier material, and an active
agent carried by the first material layer. As embodied herein, and
as depicted in FIG. 18, the active agent is preferably disposed in
the form of a stripe. Alternatively, the active agent can be
incorporated into the web material. In this embodiment, it is
desirable to use a material for the first material layer 1810 that
is permeable to the active agent, so that once activated, the
active agent vapor can be released from the web material 1800.
Accordingly, materials suitable for use as diffusion materials are
preferred, at least for the portion of the web material 1800 that
contains active agent 1830. To inhibit the activation and release
of active agent into the surrounding environment, the embodiment of
FIG. 18 can be paired with a barrier material. The barrier material
can be laminated or co-extruded with the first material layer 1810
to form a further web material, for example, a wrap material or lid
stock, depending on the materials selected.
[0170] The first material layer 1810 can be extruded with the
active agent 1830 illustrated, in one co-extrusion step. A modular
die can be used for this purpose, such as those found, for example,
in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,762,971, 6,413,595 and 6,000,926. The active
agent can be premixed with the material used for the first material
layer 1810, in the region of the die designated for extrusion of
the active agent strip 1830 or simply injected into that portion of
the extrusion die. Further, the web material 1800 can be provided
with a removable release liner, as described below, such as waxed
paper, to prevent premature release of active agent therefrom,
prior to use. Once drawn from the roll 1801, such removable release
liner may be removed to allow active agent to be released.
Accordingly, a release liner having sufficient barrier properties
is preferred.
[0171] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, FIG. 19
illustrates a web material 1900 wherein a stripe of active agent
material in the form of a tape 1930 is applied to a surface of a
base material web 1920. The web material 1900 can then be processed
by any number of subsequent steps or techniques. The web material
1900 can be formed into a package, such as a bag, heat sealing
edges and attaching reclosable fasteners, if desired.
Alternatively, the web material can be prepared further by
incorporating additional material layers, such as a material layer
with predetermined material properties, including permeability,
cling or sealing characteristics. Alternatively or additionally, a
removable cover or covers can be applied for selective activation
of the active agent.
[0172] The material web 1920 can have a plurality of layers joined
along an interface, such as interface 1910, although a single layer
can be used if desired. The materials for the web material 1900
preferably include at least one barrier layer. Further, the tape
preferably includes properties of a diffusion layer to allow
passage of active agent therefrom. The tape 1930, which contains
active agent, can be applied via an adhesive, heat seal, sonic weld
or other attachment technique, such as those set forth herein.
Alternatively, the tape 1930 can be extruded concurrently with the
material web 1920, and joined thereto during or after forming.
[0173] The web materials having active agents, e.g. freshness
extension structures incorporated therewith of the present
invention, if disposed as a patch, tape, or pouch, can be attached
to a package such as a reclosable bag by a pressure-sensitive
self-adhesive. The pressure-sensitive self-adhesive can be any
suitable adhesive that affixes the freshness-extension structure to
the reclosable package. Non-limiting examples of suitable
pressure-sensitive adhesives include acrylic or rubber-based
adhesives. While a pouch of antimicrobial agent can be utilized in
certain embodiments, relatively flat web materials are
preferred.
[0174] When provided in the form of a tape or patch, the
freshness-extension structure can be roll fed onto a layer(s) of
the web material, as shown in FIG. 19. The roll-fed
freshness-extension structure can initially include a release liner
to assist in proper placement of the freshness-extension structure.
The release liner, if used, is separated from the roll-fed
freshness-extension structure before the tape or patch is attached
to the reclosable web material. Examples of release liners include
silicon-coated paper. Alternatively, the freshness-extension
structure can be roll fed without the use of a release liner before
being attached to the web material, if desired. Furthermore, the
freshness-extension structure can be magazine fed during attachment
to the reclosable package.
[0175] According to another embodiment, the freshness-extension
structure patch, tape, or pouch can be heat sealed or welded
directly to the web material. For example, the freshness extension
structure can be roll fed or magazine fed before being heat sealed
or welded to the reclosable package. In a heat-sealing embodiment,
a release liner would not be needed. The freshness-extension
structure can be attached continually to the web material, or at
selected locations, if desired. Alternatively, the
freshness-extension structure can be attached to the body panels
during the formation of the package. For example, the
freshness-extension structure can extend between the side seals
formed between the first and second body panels so as to be secured
by the side seals. It is contemplated that other attaching methods
can be used.
[0176] FIG. 20 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a web
material 2000 in accordance with another aspect of the invention,
including active agent applied in a pattern 2031, 2033 to a base
layer. The pattern 2032, 2033 can be applied to the base material
web 2010 by any suitable mode, such as those set forth herein. For
example, a repetitive printed pattern, such as the logo 2033 or
cross-hatch 2031 can be printed by way of plates, while a pattern
such as an expiration date, brand name, product contents or other
changeable text, can be printed by way of an ink-jet. If desired,
active agent can be disposed in the form of printed text. Moreover,
a color indicator, such as those described herein, can be
utilized--further enhancing the functionality of a package. As with
other web materials described herein, the web material 2000 can be
used to form any of a variety of items, including wraps, lid stock
and bags. In accordance with the invention, any suitable material,
such as those set forth above, can be used to form the web material
2000. Preferably, the material web 2010 of the web material 2000,
on which the active agent is applied, is a barrier material so that
the active agent is not released inadvertently or leaked through a
wall of a package.
[0177] FIG. 21 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a web
material in accordance with the invention, illustrating a partially
exploded view of a reclosable bag 2100 formed from the web material
2110. As shown, a logo 2130 is disposed on a body panel of the bag
2100. The bag 2100 can be made from one web material 2110, folded
along a crease 2150, or can be formed from a plurality of distinct
web materials, such as a first web material having an active agent,
and a second web material with or without active agent. As with the
embodiment of FIG. 20, the logo 2130 can include active agent
therein, and can be applied to the web material 2110 by way of
printing, for example. Alternatively, the logo 2130 can be disposed
on a patch, in any of the embodiments described above, with the
patch attached to the web material 2110 prior to forming the web
material 2110 into the reclosable bag 2100. Preferably, such
patches are applied to the web material 2110 at regular intervals
which allows the patches ultimately to be disposed in individual
bags or packages once the packages are formed from the web material
2110. Further, reclosable fastener portions 2170a, 2170b are
applied to the web material 2110, if desired, and the body panels
made of the web material 2110 are sealed and thereby formed into
the final bag.
[0178] The reclosable packages, such as reclosable bag 2100 or
reclosable package 10 (FIG. 1), can be formed of any suitable
material, such as by a thermoplastic material suitable for storing
or collecting items, including perishables storage. Examples
include common-sized reclosable packages such as pint storage and
freezer bags, quart storage and freezer bags, and gallon storage
and freezer bags. The reclosable packages are typically formed from
polymeric materials such as polyolefinic materials. Non-limiting
examples of polyolefinic materials include polyethylenes,
polypropylenes, polystyrene, and combinations thereof For example,
some types of polyethylenes materials include high density
polyethylenes (HDPE), low density polyethylenes (LDPE), linear low
density polyethylenes (LLDPE), and combinations thereof. It is also
contemplated that materials such as plastomers, elastomers,
ethylene vinyl acetates (EVA), ethyl methacrylates,
polymethylpentene copolymers, polyisobutylenes, polyolefin
ionomers, cyclic olefin copolymers (COCs) or combinations thereof,
including polyethylenes, and/or polypropylenes may be used in
forming the reclosable packages of the present invention. The
thicknesses of the reclosable packages can vary in the present
invention, but are generally from about 0.5 mil to about 5 mils
and, more specifically, from about 1 mil to about 3 mils.
[0179] As previously described herein, the freshness-extension
agents of the present invention can be used in combination with a
web material for use in forming a body panel of a package.
Alternatively and/or in combination, the freshness-extension agents
of the present invention can be used in combination with fin
portions of a fastener of a reclosable package, as further
described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.
11/055,574, the contents of which application are expressly
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0180] FIG. 22 is an isometric view of preferred embodiment of a
web material in accordance with the invention, wherein the web
material 2212 with a stripe 2230 of active agent has been formed
into a reclosable bag 2200. The web material can include any of the
features and materials of construction described herein. As
embodied, a reclosable fastener 2240 is provided, and the stripe
2230 extends the entire width of the bag 2200, preferably proximate
the mouth of the bag. The web material 2212 used for forming this
bag 2200 can include any of those set forth herein, such as web
materials 1500, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000 and 2300, for example.
[0181] FIG. 23 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a web
material in accordance with the invention, wherein the web material
2300 includes a plurality of stripes 2330a, 2330b of active agent
provided on a base material 2310. As with the embodiments of FIGS.
9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 10c, 11b and 12b, the active agent can be
provided in a plurality of portions. Stripes 2330a, 2330b generally
are aligned together when the web material 2300 is folded along
line 2313 during manufacture. Any of the features set forth herein
can be applied to the web material 2300, particularly the features
described in connection with FIGS. 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 10c, 11b and
12b.
[0182] Alternatively, the web material 2300 can be formed into a
wrap or lidding material, and not folded along line 2313. When
embodied as a wrap or lidding material, a functional layer (e.g., a
sealable layer or cling layer) can be disposed adjacent the base
material 2310 and stripes 2330a, 2330b. As with similar foregoing
embodiments, the functional layer preferably is permeable to active
agent vapor to allow release of the active agent from the web
material. Alternatively, the base material and stripes 2330a, 2330b
can provide such function, if constructed from appropriate
materials.
[0183] FIGS. 24 and 25 are isometric and end views of another
embodiment of a web material in accordance with the invention,
wherein the web material 2400 includes a centrally oriented stripe
2430 of active agent. As with the foregoing embodiment, the web
material 2400 can be folded along a center line 2413. Both the
active agent stripe 2430 and reclosable fastener 2550 can be
attached to the base web material 2410 or formed integrally
therewith. Alternatively, as with each embodiment herein, the
active agent can be incorporated in the web material 2410. A bag
formed by this embodiment of the web material 2400 can be used, for
example, in situations where an inconspicuous placement of active
agent at the bottom of the bag is desirable. Moreover, features set
forth hereinabove in connection with other embodiments can be
applied to this embodiment.
[0184] FIG. 26 is an isometric view of a container 2600, which
incorporates another embodiment of a web material in accordance
with the invention, wherein the web material 2610 is a lidding
material for application to a base or receptacle 2640. As set forth
above, for example as in connection with the embodiments of FIGS.
13 and 14, the lidding material can include two or more layers,
wherein the layer most adjacent to the receptacle 2640 is capable
of being sealed thereto. The lowermost layer 2620 preferably is
permeable to active agent vapor to allow the release of active
agent into receptacle space 2645 of the package. Suitable
materials, as previously described, allow relatively easy removal
from the receptacle 2640, when removal is desired. The outermost
layer is preferably a barrier material selected from those set
forth hereinabove.
[0185] While the disclosed web materials with active agent have
been shown and described with reference to the illustrated
embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize
and/or be able to ascertain many equivalents to those embodiments.
Such equivalents are encompassed by the scope of the present
disclosure and the appended claims.
[0186] For example, those of ordinary skill in the art will
understand that the present invention has applications to various
types of packages and containers, including non-reclosable bags and
liners, rigid containers such as plastic containers, lunch
containers, rigid trash containers, perishable packaging wraps and
foils, such as food wraps and agricultural and/or industrial wraps
and lidding materials or the like. Similarly, those of ordinary
skill in the art will understand that the present invention has
applications to active agents other than freshness-extension
agents, such as odor management agents and other agents providing a
desired function or effect on a package or the contents disposed
therein.
[0187] Unless otherwise provided, when the articles "a" or "an" are
used herein to modify a noun, they can be understood to include one
or more than one of the modified noun.
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