U.S. patent application number 11/451625 was filed with the patent office on 2006-12-14 for polyether-containing copolymer.
Invention is credited to Manfred Bichler, Herbert Hommer, Konrad Wutz.
Application Number | 20060281886 11/451625 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38649155 |
Filed Date | 2006-12-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060281886 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bichler; Manfred ; et
al. |
December 14, 2006 |
Polyether-containing copolymer
Abstract
Copolymers include two monomer components, a) an olefinic
unsaturated monocarboxylic acid comonomer or an ester or a salt
thereof of an olefinic unsaturated sulfuric acid comonomer or a
salt thereof, and b) an ether comonomer of the general formula (I)
##STR1## Components a) and b) are present in amounts of from 30 to
90 mol-% and from 70 to 10 mol-%, respectively, and comonomer
component a) is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid,
methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, allylsulfonic
acid, vinylsulfonic acid and a salt thereof or an alkyl or
hydroxyalkyl ester. Compositions including a hydraulic binder such
as cement, gypsum, lime and anhydrite and the copolymer are also
disclosed. The copolymer can be used as superplasticizer or
dispersant for non-hardened (wet) and a hydraulic binder containing
compositions.
Inventors: |
Bichler; Manfred;
(Engelsber, DE) ; Hommer; Herbert; (Muhldorf,
DE) ; Wutz; Konrad; (Trostberg, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
FULBRIGHT & JAWORSKI, LLP
666 FIFTH AVE
NEW YORK
NY
10103-3198
US
|
Family ID: |
38649155 |
Appl. No.: |
11/451625 |
Filed: |
June 12, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
11152678 |
Jun 14, 2005 |
|
|
|
11451625 |
Jun 12, 2006 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
526/317.1 ;
526/318.2; 526/333 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C08F 220/26 20130101;
C04B 2103/308 20130101; C08F 216/1416 20130101; C04B 2103/32
20130101; C04B 24/2647 20130101; C08F 220/06 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
526/317.1 ;
526/318.2; 526/333 |
International
Class: |
C08F 20/06 20060101
C08F020/06 |
Claims
1-16. (canceled)
17. A copolymer comprising two monomer components, wherein
component: a) is an olefinic unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
comonomer or an ester or a salt thereof or an olefinic unsaturated
sulfuric acid comonomer or a salt thereof, and component b) is a
comonomer of the general formula (I) ##STR5## wherein R.sub.1 is
##STR6## and wherein R.sub.2 is H or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group
having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 is a non-substituted or
substituted aryl group and preferably phenyl, and R.sub.4 is H or
an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a
cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, a
substituted aryl group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms or a
compound selected from the group ##STR7## wherein R.sub.5 and
R.sub.7 may each be an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl group and
R.sub.6 may be an alkyliden, aryliden, aralkyliden or alkaryliden
group and p=0 to 3, m, n=2 to 4, x and y are independently and
integer from 55 to 350, and z=0 to 200.
18. The copolymer of claim 17, comprising from 30 to 99 mol-% of
comonomer component a) and from 70 to 1 mol-% of said ether
component b).
19. The copolymer of claim 17, wherein the amount of said comonomer
component a) is from 40 to 90 mol-% and the amount of said
comonomer component b) is from 60 to 10 mol-%.
20. The copolymer of claim 17 wherein said comonomer component a)
is an acrylic acid or a salt thereof and the said ether component
b) with p=0 or 1 represents an allyl or vinyl group and
additionally contains a polyether.
21. The copolymer of claim 17, wherein said comonomer component a)
is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic
acid, croton acid, isocrotonic acid, allylsulfonic acid,
vinylsulfonic acid and salts thereof and alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
esters thereof.
22. The copolymer of claim 17 wherein the copolymer comprises an
additional structural group in copolymerized form.
23. The copolymer of claim 22, wherein said additional structural
group is selected from the group consisting of a styrene, an
acrylamide, a hydrophobic compound, and an ester, polypropylene
oxide, and polypropylene oxide/polyethylene oxide.
24. The copolymer of claim 22, wherein the additional structural
group is present in an amount of up to 5 mol-%.
25. The copolymer of claim 17, wherein formula (I) is an allyl or
vinyl group containing polyether.
26. The copolymer of claim 17, wherein the copolymer is a
powder.
27. A hydraulic binder containing composition comprising a
hydraulic component and the copolymer of claim 17.
28. The composition of claim 27 wherein the hydraulic binder is
selected from the group consisting of cement, gypsum, lime, and
anhydrite.
29. A method comprising adding the copolymer of claim 17 as a
superplasticizer to a non-hardened (wet) and a hydraulic binder
containing composition.
30. The method of claim 24, wherein the copolymer is added as
superplasticizer in amounts from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight,
preferably in amounts from 0.05 to 5.0% by weight, wherein the
amounts are relating to the weight of the binder component.
31. The method of claim 24, wherein the copolymer is used in
combination with a defoaming component.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein the copolymer comprises the
defoaming agent as additional structural unit.
33. The composition of claim 28, wherein the hydraulic binder
comprises calcium sulfate.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No.
11/152,678 filed Jun. 14, 2005, pending, which is incorporated
herein by reference in its entirety.
[0002] This invention relates to a copolymer on a polyether basis
comprising two monomer components and a method of use.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Various types of organic compounds have been used to
advantageously alter certain properties of wet hydraulic cement
compositions. One class of components, which can collectively be
called "superplasticizers" fluidify or plasticize the wet cement
composition to obtain a more fluid composition. A controlled
fluidity is desired, such that the aggregate used in mortars and
concretes does not segregate from the cement paste. Alternatively,
superplasticizers may allow the cement composition to be prepared
using a lower water to cement ratio in order to obtain a
composition having a desired consistency which often leads to a
hardened cement composition having a higher compressive strength
development after setting.
[0004] A good superplasticizer should not only fluidify the wet
cement composition to which it is added, but also maintain the
level of fluidity over a desired period of time. This time should
be long enough to keep the wet cement composition fluid, e.g. in a
ready-mix truck while it is on its way to a job site. Another
important aspect relates to the period for discharging the truck at
the job site and the period needed for the cement composition for
being worked in the desired final form. On the other side, the
cement mixture cannot remain fluid for a too long time, that means
the set must not greatly be retarded, because this will slow down
the work on the job and show negative influences on the
characteristics of the final hardened products.
[0005] Conventional examples of superplasticizers are melamine
sulfonate/formaldehyde condensation products, naphthalene
sulfonate/formaldehyde condensation products and lignosulfonates,
polysaccharides, hydroxycarboxylic acids and their salts and
carbohydrates.
[0006] In most cases, fluidizing agents are multi-component
products with copolymers based on oxyalkylenglykolalkenylethers and
unsaturated dicarboxylic acid-derivatives as most important
species. The European Patent EP 0 736 553 B1 discloses such
copolymers comprising at least three sub-units and especially one
unsaturated dicarboxylic acid derivative, one
oxyalkylenglykolalkenylether and additionally one hydrophobic
structural unit, such as ester units. The third structural unit can
also be represented by polypropylenoxid- and
polypropylenoxid-polyethylenoxid-derivatives, respectively.
[0007] The German published application DE 195 43 304 A1 discloses
an additive for water containing mixtures for the construction
field comprising a) a water-soluble sulfonic acid-, carboxylic- or
sulfate group containing cellulose derivative, b) a sulfonic acid-
and/or carboxylic acid containing vinyl-(co)-polymer and/or a
condensation product based on aminoplast-builders or acryl
containing compounds and formaldehyde. This additive shall show
sufficient water retention ability and rheology-modifying
properties. Therefore, this additive shall be suitable for
construction chemical compositions containing cement, lime, gypsum,
anhydrite and other hydraulic binder components.
[0008] Disclosed are also copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated
ethers that can be used as plasticizers for cement containing
mixtures (EP 0 537 870 A1). These copolymers contain an ether
co-monomer and as additional co-monomer an olefinic unsaturated
mono-carboxylic acid or an ester or a salt thereof, or
alternatively an olefinic unsaturated sulfuric acid. These
copolymers show a very short ether side chain with 1 to 50 units.
The short side chain shall cause a sufficient plasticizing effect
of the copolymers in cement containing masses with a reduced slump
loss of the construction chemicals mass itself.
[0009] Based on the different characteristics and the availability
of the superplasticizers mentioned above, it has been further
desired to come up with new superplasticizers which are an
improvement over the current state of the art. It is thus an object
of this invention to provide new additives for hydraulic binder
containing compositions which impart to wet binder compositions
excellent slump and slump retention over the time. An additional
aspect is an aqueous binder suspension with sufficient workability.
Furthermore, the properties, the performance and effects of the
provided copolymer shall be arbitrary.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The present invention relates to a copolymer consisting of
two monomer components with a first component
[0011] an olefinic unsaturated mono-carboxylic acid co-monomer or
an ester or salt thereof or an olefinic unsaturated sulfuric acid
co-monomer or a salt thereof,
[0012] and as second component
[0013] a co-monomer according to the general formula (I) ##STR2##
and R.sub.1 is represented by ##STR3## and whereby R.sub.2=H or an
aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms,
R.sub.3 is a non-substituted or substituted aryl group and
preferably phenyl, and R.sub.4 =H or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group
having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon
group having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted aryl group
having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms or a compound selected from the
group ##STR4## wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 may each be an alkyl,
aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl group and R.sub.6 may be an alkyliden,
aryliden, aralkyliden or alkaryliden group and p=0 to 3, m, n=2 to
4, x and y are independently and integer from 55 to 350, and z=0 to
200.
[0014] Surprisingly, these polymers according to the invention
based on their dispersing properties show excellent plasticizing
effects over time and additionally can be prepared by using usual
preparation methods. Therefore, under economic aspects, these
co-polymers show significant improvements over the prior art.
Another aspect may be that the claimed copolymers show their
plasticizing effect not only together with specific hydraulic
components, but in the field of cementitious mortar and concrete
and in the field of gypsum. Additionally, the improved effect of
the copolymers can be selectively chosen based on the broad variety
of the ether co-monomer and especially based on the broad scope of
the side chain length.
[0015] As used herein, the term "cement composition" refers to any
wet and not hardened mixture, such as pasty mortars, grouts such as
oil well cementing grouts, and concrete compositions comprising a
hydraulic cement binder. In this connection, an important role is
to be played by the various types of hydraulic binders, such as
cements (especially Portland cement), but also including fly ashes,
blast furnace slags, micro silicas, puzzolanic components and the
various types of gypsum.
[0016] The term "gypsum" according to this invention is also known
as calcium sulfate, whereby calcium sulfate can be used in its
various anhydrous and hydrate forms with or without crystal water.
Natural gypsum is represented by calcium sulfate dihydrate and the
natural crystal water free form of calcium sulfate is represented
by the term "anhydrite". Besides the natural forms, calcium sulfate
is a typical by-product of technical processes characterized by the
term "synthetic gypsum". One example of such technical processes is
the flue gas desulfurization. Synthetic gypsum may also be a
by-product of phosphorous acid and hydrogen fluoride production
methods for gaining semi-hydrate forms (CaSO.sub.41/2 H.sub.2O).
Gypsum (CaSO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O) is to be calcinated by driving off of
the water of hydration. Products of the various calcinating
procedures are alpha or beta hemi-hydrate. Beta calcium sulfate
hemi-hydrate results from a rapid heating in open units by a rapid
evaporation of water and by forming cavities. Alpha hemi-hydrate is
produced by a de-watering of gypsum in closed autoclaves. The
crystal form in this case is dense and therefore, this binder needs
less amounts of water than beta hemi-hydrate.
[0017] On the other side, gypsum hemi-hydrate re-hydrates with
water to dihydrate crystals. Usually, the hydration of gypsum needs
some minutes to hours indicating a clearly shortened workability
period in contrast to cements that hydrate in periods over hours or
days. These characteristics make gypsum an attractive alternative
to cement as hydraulic binder in various fields of application,
because hardened final gypsum products show a characteristic
hardness and compressive strength.
[0018] Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate can produce at least two
crystal forms, whereby .alpha.-calcined gypsum is usually
de-watered (de-hydrated) in closed autoclaves. For various fields
of application, .beta.-calcined gypsum may be selected due to its
availability under economical aspects. However, these advantages
may be reversed because .beta.-calcined gypsum needs higher water
amounts for workability and for making slurries of a given
fluidity. Hardened or dried gypsum tends to a certain weakening
based on the remained water in its crystal matrix. Therefore,
products thereof show less strength than gypsum products that have
been made with smaller amounts of water.
[0019] In general, the workability of gypsum, but also of other
hydraulic binders, can be improved under hydraulic aspects by
adding dispersants. In this connection, the copolymers according to
this invention represent suitable dispersants because of their
dispersing properties.
[0020] The copolymer of this invention shows more advantageous
properties when it comprises the co-monomer component a) in amounts
of from 30 to 99 mol-% and the ether component b) from 70:1
mol-%.
[0021] As used herein, the mentioned co-monomers and any possible
structures thereof are to be interpreted as structural units of the
claimed copolymer after its polymerisation.
[0022] The invention comprises an alternative characterized in that
a) the mol-% of the co-monomer component a) and the co-monomer b)
is from 40 to 90 and from 60 to 10, respectively, and whereby b)
the ether component b) with p=0 or 1 is represented by an allyl or
vinyl group and additionally contains a polyether as R.sub.1;
additionally, the co-monomer component a) is in this alternative an
acrylic acid or a salt thereof.
[0023] In general, according to this invention, the co-monomer
component a) is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid,
methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, allyl sulfonic
acid, vinyl sulfonic acid and their suitable salts or their alkyl
or hydroxyalkyl esters.
[0024] Alternatively, other co-monomers, such as styrene or
acrylamides may be additionally co-polymerized with the ether
component b) and the co-monomer component a). Alternatively, there
also may be used components with hydrophobic properties. Compounds
with ester structural units, polypropylene oxide or polypropylene
oxide-polyethylene oxide (PO/PE)-units are preferred. These
structural units should be represented in the copolymer in amounts
up to 5 mol-%; amounts from 0.05 to 3 mol-% and 0.1 to 1.0 mol-%
are preferred. Compounds as disclosed by the European Patents EP 0
736 553 B1 and EP 1 189 955 B1 as structural units c) and any
related and in these both documents disclosed species of compounds
are more preferred. Regarding the structure of the additional
co-monomer EP 0 736 553 B1 and EP 1 189 955 B1 are incorporated
into this application and therefore are to be seen as disclosed
herein.
[0025] An additional preferred alternative of the copolymers
according to this invention is to be seen in formula (I)
representing an allyl or vinyl group containing polyether.
[0026] As already mentioned, the copolymers of this invention can
be produced by relatively simple methods and especially when the
polymerisation is carried out in an oxygen-depleted or oxygen-free
atmosphere. There also may be added some amounts of solvents to
make the ether component soluble. In the case that co-monomer b) is
a poly-alcoholic group or an alkylen oxide derivatived poly-alcohol
group, and R.sub.2 of the ether component is hydrogen,
respectively, water is the solvent to be preferred. Alternatively,
a mixture of water and alcohol, such as isopropanol, may be added.
In the case that R.sub.2 is other than hydrogen, then organic
solvents and especially toluene is to be seen as preferred.
[0027] For starting the polymerisation reaction, the basic mixture
is heated to ambient temperature or smoothly cooled down. Another
suitable alternative may be the addition of a redox system as
initiator component. This redox system may comprise reducing and
oxydizing agents and preferably Rongalite.TM. or Bruggolite.TM. and
additionally a peroxide or a persulfate like H.sub.2O.sub.2 or
ammonia persulfate. These reagents may be preferably used in
systems with water as solvent.
[0028] In principal, two alternatives may be selected to produce
the copolymers according to this invention:
Alternative A:
[0029] The co-monomer mixture and the reducing agent containing
mixture are to be added to the ether containing mixture stepwise or
simultaneously; the temperatures range from 0 to 50.degree. C.
Alternative B:
[0030] The mixture containing the oxidizing agent is to be added
stepwise to the complete monomer mixture.
[0031] Then the reaction mixture is usually stirred until all the
peroxide has reacted. In the case that organic solvents are to be
used, these will be distilled. The reaction product will then be
cooled down and the copolymer is to be neutralized by using a base
(such as alkaline or alkaline earth metals, amines or alkanol
amines). The addition of an aqueous solution comprising sodium or
calcium hydroxide is a preferred alternative.
[0032] This disclosed process represents an example for producing
the copolymer according to this invention.
[0033] Finally, this invention covers a preferred alternative with
the copolymers in powdery form. The powder is to be achieved by a
final drying step and more preferably, by spray drying.
[0034] In contrast to the state of the art this method produces
beneficial powdery copolymers to be added to hydraulic mixtures in
any selected dilution.
[0035] Besides the copolymer itself this invention also covers a
hydraulic binder containing composition that comprises additionally
to the hydraulic component the copolymer of this invention. In this
connection a composition is preferred whose hydraulic binder is
selected from the group consisting of cement, gypsum, lime,
anhydrite or any other calcium sulfate based binder.
[0036] Also claimed by this invention is a method of use of the
copolymer according to this invention as superplasticizer
(dispersant) for any non-hardened (wet) and a hydraulic binder
containing composition. In this connection the copolymer is
preferably used in amounts from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight und more
preferably in amounts from 0.05 to 5.0% by weight, each amount
relating to the weight of the binder component.
[0037] Another aspect of the claimed method of use is directed to
the alternative to use the copolymer according to the invention in
combination with a defoaming component. This alternative may be
realized by an addition of the copolymer and the defoaming agent to
the construction material composition in separated form depending
from the specific application. This invention additionally claims
the alternative that the claimed copolymer comprises the defoaming
component as third structural group in copolymerized form.
[0038] In the case that the defoaming component is added to the
composition in separated form then representatives of the following
group are to be seen as preferred: non-ionic tensides like
copolymers comprising ethylene oxide/propylene oxide-(EO-PO)-units
(Dowfax.TM. of the Dow company) or EO-PO-EO or PO-EO-PO block
copolymers, respectively (Pluronic.TM. of BASF). Additionally
defoamer on a mineral oil basis can also be used; such defoamers
can be used in powder form such as Agitan types of the Munzing
Chemie company.
[0039] In the case that the defoaming agent represents an
additional chemical structural group of the copolymer the already
mentioned structural units c) of the European patents EP 0 736 553
B1 and EP 1 189 955 B1 maybe used.
[0040] The claimed copolymer and especially its application as
superplasticizer or dispersant in hydraulic binder containing
composition represents a clear improvement of the state of the art
because the claimed copolymer induces a uniform plasticizing effect
over time and a reduced tendency of the negative slump loss in the
wet construction chemicals mass. In sum, the claimed copolymer
shows a typical retention effect. Additionally, the pumpability and
workability of the wet hydraulic binder containing composition is
significantly improved.
[0041] The following examples underline the advantages of the
claimed copolymer and its use.
EXAMPLES
Preparation Example 1
[0042] To a 1 liter four necked glass flask with a temperature
controller, a reflux condenser and two dropping funnels 350 g
water, 350 g (0.06 mol) of polyethylene glycol-5800-monovinylether
and 4 g of a propylene oxide/ethylene oxide(PO-EO)-block polymer
with a molecular mass of 2,000 g/mol ("defoamer") and 25 g NaOH
(20%) have been added. A mixture comprising 45 g (0.63 mol) of
acrylic acid in 17 g water has been produced separately and 15 g of
this mixture has been added to the polyethylene
glycol-5800-monovinylether solution in the flask; the pH decreased
to 8.0. Then 40 mg iron(II)sulfate-heptahydrate ("green vitriol")
and 3.6 g of a 50% hydrogen peroxide have been added. Within 20
minutes the remaining acrylic acid mixture and 34 g of a 10%
Rongalite.TM. solution containing 6 g of mercaptoethanol have been
added under a constant but differing mass flow. The temperature
rose from 23 to 35.degree. C. After the final addition the reaction
mixture showed a pH of 4.8. The solution has been stirred at
ambient temperature for 10 minutes and subsequently has been
neutralized with 50 g of a 20% sodium hydroxide solution. The
product was a yellow colored, clear and aqueous polymer solution
with a solid concentration of 45% by weight.
Preparation Example 2
[0043] To the flask according to Example 1 450 g water, 450 g (0.06
mol) polyethylene glycol-7500-monovinylether and 14 g NaOH (20%)
have been added. A mixture of 41.8 g (0.58 mol) of acrylic acid in
40 g water has been produced separately and added to the flask
containing polyethylene glycol-7500-monovinylether solution; the pH
decreased to 5.5. Then 40 mg iron(II)sulfate-heptahydrate ("green
vitriol") and 4 g Rongalite.TM. and 2 g mercaptoethanol have been
added. Within 20 minutes a solution comprising 3.6 g 50% hydrogen
peroxide in 34 g water have also been added. The temperature rose
from 20 to 31.degree. C. After the final addition, the reaction
mixture showed a pH of 5.4. The solution has been stirred for 10
minutes at ambient temperature and subsequently has been
neutralized with 60 g of a 20% sodium hydroxide solution. The
product was a light yellow colored, clear and aqueous polymer
solution with a solid concentration of 43% by weight.
Preparation Example 3
[0044] To the flask according to Example 1 490 g water, 350 g (0.06
mol) polyethylene glycol-5800-monovinylether and 10 g NaOH (20%)
have been added. A mixture comprising 26 g (0.36 mol) of acrylic
acid in 40 g water has been produced separately and added to the
polyethylene glycol-monovinylether-solution; the pH decreased to
5.3. Then 40 mg iron(II)sulfate-heptahydrate ("green vitriol") and
4 g Rongalite.TM. and 1.5 g mercaptoethanol have been added. After
a short period of stirring 3.6 g 50% hydrogen peroxide have been
added. The temperature rose from 20 to 29.degree. C. Then the
solution has been stirred for 10 minutes at ambient temperature and
subsequently has been neutralized with 37 g of a 20% sodium
hydroxide solution. The product was a light yellow colored, clear
and aqueous polymer solution with a solid concentration of 40% by
weight.
Application Examples
[0045] The comparative Examples 1 and 2 given in the following
application testings are related to the corresponding examples 1
(comparison 1), respectively, 3 (comparison 2) as described in EP 0
537 870 A1
Application Testing 1: Concrete
[0046] In a standardized manner a concrete recipe corresponding to
400 kg/M.sup.3 OPC CEM I 42,5 R and 1755 kg/M.sup.3 of fine and
coarse aggregate (grading 0 to 16 mm), 40 kg/M.sup.3 fly ash and
168 kg/M.sup.3 water (water from the polymer solution taken into
account, w/c ratio 0,42) were mixed. The aqueous solutions
according to the present invention, respectively, to the
comparative examples were added as superplasticizers and the spread
value was determined 4, 30 and 60 min after the polymer addition in
accordance to DIN 1048. TABLE-US-00001 Dosage Spread in cm after
Superplasticizer [% bwc] 4 min 30 min 60 min Comparison 1* 0.22 51
49 42 Example 1 0.22 65 59 50 Example 2* 0.22 64 61 58 Example 3*
0.22 65 63 60 *defoamer addition (based on polygylcols), dosage
1.0% by weight by weight of active polymer
Application Testing 2: Mortar
[0047] Guide Recipe: TABLE-US-00002 Portland Cement (different
types) 900 g Quartz sand (0-2 mm, EN 196-1) 1350 g Defoamer (Agitan
P 800) 0.45 g Dispersant (Plasticizer) 0.3%-bwc Mixing water
accordingly
Mixing Procedure and Measurement:
[0048] The mortar was mixed according to DIN EN 196-1, paragraph
6.3. The flowability was tested with a flow channel according to
the machinery grout guide lines published by the Deutsche
Betonverein eV (issued September 1990) after 5, 30 and 60 min. For
each type of cement the initial flowability was adjusted with the
superplasticizer of Comparison 1 to be in a range of 60-75 cm by
varying the w/c ratio accordingly TABLE-US-00003 Flowability in cm
after Superplasticizer W/C 4 min 30 min 60 min 1. OPC Milke (CEM I
42, 5 R) Comparison 1 0.24 72 58 0 Comparison 2 0.24 70 49 0
Example 3 0.24 73 69 39 2. OPC Karlstadt (CEM I 42, 5 R) Comparison
1 0.31 60 68 68 Comparison 2 0.31 52 50 55 Example 3 0.31 85 85 85
3. OPC Mergelstetten (CEM I 42, 5 R) Comparison 1 0.26 64 0 0
Comparison 2 0.26 62 0 0 Example 3 0.26 78 59 26 4. OPC Ube Kosan
normal OPC-Cement Comparison 1 0.245 74 14 0 Comparison 2 0.245 74
12 0 Example 3 0.245 77 72 42
Application Testing 3: Gypsum
[0049] Guide recipe TABLE-US-00004 Stucco 400 g Water (W/G = 0.35)
140 g Superplasticizer 0.35%-bwg 1.4 g (active material)
Mixing Procedure and Measurement:
[0050] The stucco is sifted into water within 15 sec and afterwards
mixed with a Hobart mixer for 60 sec at high speed (285 rpm). After
105 sec the flow value was measured with a cylinder (height: 10 cm,
diameter: 5 cm). The set time is determined by means of the
so-called knife cut test. TABLE-US-00005 Flow in Set times in
Superplasticizer cm min:sec Comparison 1 12 27:20 Comparison 2 13
30:00 Example 2 20 5:10 Example 3 23 4:40
* * * * *