U.S. patent application number 10/570200 was filed with the patent office on 2006-12-14 for diet food.
Invention is credited to Masafumi Koide.
Application Number | 20060280776 10/570200 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34269627 |
Filed Date | 2006-12-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060280776 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Koide; Masafumi |
December 14, 2006 |
Diet food
Abstract
The diet food of this invention having effects to reduce body
weight and prevent/improve obesity and atherosclerotic or metabolic
disorders includes an .omega.-3 PUFA or an .omega.-6 PUFA, and at
least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an L-arginine precursor and
an L-ornithine precursor, and further includes diacylglycerol, a
middle or short chain fatty acid, a phytosterol, a nucleo-base, a
nucleoside, a nucleic acid, dextrin, various vitamins, various
minerals or a probiotics material.
Inventors: |
Koide; Masafumi; (Aichi,
JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
YOUNG & THOMPSON
745 SOUTH 23RD STREET
2ND FLOOR
ARLINGTON
VA
22202
US
|
Family ID: |
34269627 |
Appl. No.: |
10/570200 |
Filed: |
September 2, 2004 |
PCT Filed: |
September 2, 2004 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP04/12741 |
371 Date: |
March 2, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/439 ;
424/442; 426/635; 514/171; 514/45; 514/49; 514/546; 514/547;
514/560; 514/565 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 9/12 20180101; A23L
33/175 20160801; A23V 2002/00 20130101; A23V 2002/00 20130101; A23L
33/16 20160801; A23L 33/40 20160801; A61P 3/04 20180101; A61P 3/10
20180101; A23L 33/12 20160801; A23L 33/15 20160801; A61P 3/06
20180101; A23L 33/20 20160801; A23L 33/13 20160801; A23V 2250/156
20130101; A23V 2250/0606 20130101; A23V 2250/218 20130101; A23V
2250/1882 20130101; A23V 2250/1944 20130101; A23V 2250/70
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/439 ;
514/560; 514/171; 514/546; 514/547; 514/565; 514/045; 514/049;
424/442; 426/635 |
International
Class: |
A61K 31/7076 20060101
A61K031/7076; A61K 31/7072 20060101 A61K031/7072; A61K 31/56
20060101 A61K031/56; A61K 31/22 20060101 A61K031/22; A23K 1/165
20060101 A23K001/165 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 2, 2003 |
JP |
2003-309966 |
Claims
1. A diet food, DIET, comprising: an .omega.-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acid (PUFA); and at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an
L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor.
2. The diet food of claim 1, further comprising an .omega.-6
PUFA.
3. The diet food of claim 1, wherein whole or part of said
.omega.-3 PUFA is included as fish oil.
4. The diet food of claim 2, wherein whole or part of said
.omega.-3 PUFA and said .omega.-6 PUFA are included as fish
oil.
5. The diet food of claim 1, wherein an intake per meal of the diet
food includes 0.1 g or more and 3.5 g or less of said .omega.-3
PUFA and 0.6 g or more and 15 g or less of said at least one of
L-arginine, L-ornithine, an L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine
precursor.
6. The diet food of claim 2, wherein said fish oil is
encapsulated.
7. A diet food, DIET, comprising: at least one of diacylglycerol, a
medium or short chain fatty acid and a phytosterol and at least one
of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an L-arginine precursor and an
L-ornithine precursor.
8. The diet food of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a
nucleo-base, a nucleoside and a nucleic acid.
9. The diet food of claim 8, wherein said nucleo-base is at least
one of adenine, guacine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, cytosine, uracil
and thymine.
10. The diet food of claim 8, wherein said nucleoside is at least
one of uridine, adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, ribothymidine,
deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxyuridine, deoxycytidine,
thymidine, inosine and xanthosine.
11. The diet food of claim 8, wherein said nucleic acid is at least
one of DNA, RNA and polynucleotide obtained by polymerizing
nucleotides.
12. The diet food of claim 8, wherein an intake per meal of the
diet food includes 0.1 g or more and 1.5 g or less of at least one
of a nucleic acid, a nucleo-base and a nucleoside.
13. The diet food of claim 1, further comprising at least one of
maltodextrin, cluster dextrin, indigestible dextrin and
oligosaccharide.
14. The diet food of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a
mucopolysaccharide and a uronic acid-containing polysaccharide.
15. The diet food of claim 1, further comprising a component having
an absorption suppressing action for saccharide and lipid.
16. The diet food of claim 1, wherein the diet food is included in
a low-calorie food of an intake per meal of 400 Kcal or less.
17. The diet food of claim 1, further comprising yoghurt or a
probiotics material derived from yoghurt.
18. The diet food of claim 1, further comprising a water-absorbing
fiber component.
19. The diet food of claim 1, further comprising at least one of an
anorectic component, a circulatory stimulating component, a lipid
decomposition/consumption accelerating component and an antioxidant
component.
20. The diet food of claim 1, further comprising at least one of
glutamine, branched chain amino acid, vitamin A, vitamin B complex,
vitamin C, vitamin D complex, vitamin E, .beta.-carotene, linolenic
acid, triglyceride linolenate, eicosapentaenoic acid, triglyceride
eicosapentaenate, docosahexaenoic acid and triglyceride
docosahexaenate.
21. The diet food of claim 1, wherein active ingredients are
substances derived from natural products.
22. The diet food of claim 1, for use for keeping health or
improving a diathesis of a fat person, a person having an adult
disease disposition or a person affected by an adult disease.
23. The diet food of claim 1, for use for keeping health or
improving a diathesis of a domestic animal, a fowl or a pet.
24. A diet food, DIET, composition comprising: (A) 0.1 through 6 wt
% of at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an L-arginine
precursor and an L-ornithine precursor; (B) 0.02 through 1.2 wt %
of .omega.-3 PUFA; and (C) 0.02 through 2 wt % of nucleic acid.
25. A liquid diet food, DIET, composition comprising: (A) 0.1
through 6 wt % of at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an
L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor; (B) 0.02 through
1.2 wt % of .omega.-3 PUFA; (C) 0.02 through 2 wt % of nucleic
acid; (D) 1 through 7 wt % of protein or peptide; (F) 1 through 10
wt % of saccharide; and (G) 0.5 through 5 wt % of lipid, wherein
water is used as a solvent.
26. A liquid diet food, DIET, composition comprising: (A) 0.1
through 6 wt % of at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an
L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor; (B) 0.02 through
1.2 wt % of .omega.-3 PUFA; (C) 0.02 through 2 wt % of nucleic
acid; (D) 1 through 7 wt % of protein or peptide; (E) 1 through 10
wt % of saccharide; (F) 0.5 through 5 wt % of lipid; (G) 0.01
through 2 wt % of ginger juice; and (H) 0.3 through 10 wt % of
natural fruit juice or a fruit juice-like component, wherein water
is used as a solvent.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a diet food having effects
to reduce body weight and prevent/improve obesity and adult
diseases, i.e., cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and
hyperlipidemia, namely DIET.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Recently, there are increasing cases where diatheses of
obesity, hyperlipemia, diabetes and hypertension are factors to
affect or aggravate various diseases arising from a variety of
circulatory or metabolic disorders. Specifically, although the
human race originally has a genetic mechanism for coping with
starvation (thrifty genes), the mechanism for coping with excessive
food ingestion is merely a hypoglycemic action of insulin. However,
recent problems in daily eating habits are excessive food ingestion
and shortage in energy consumption, and there are demands for
health care to prevent or improve obesity and arterial sclerosis,
and hence, a variety of diet foods, supplements and alimentary
therapies are now being earnestly studied.
[0003] On the other hand, a parenteral dietary supplement including
a mixture of oils rich in .omega.-3 and .omega.-6 polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFA) is recently disclosed. (For example, see Patent
Literature 1: U.S. Pat. No. 4,820,731.) The invention described in
Patent Literature 1 relates to a parenteral dietary supplement
using .omega.-3 and .omega.-6 PUFA for minimizing risks of an
infectious disease of a postoperative patient.
[0004] Also, a dietary supplement including .omega.-3 oils and
middle-chain triglycerides (see, for example, Patent Literature 2:
U.S. Pat. No. 4,871,768) and a composition for traumatic injury
treatment including intact protein, arginine, carbohydrate and
lipid including .omega.-3 fatty acids of fish oil and linoleic acid
(see, for example, Patent Literature 3: U.S. Pat. No. 5,053,387)
are also disclosed.
[0005] Furthermore, a technique related to a liquid elemental diet
including carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid components having a pH
ranging from approximately 3.0 to 4.4 is also disclosed (see, for
example, Patent Literature 4: U.S. Pat. No. 4,414,238).
PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION
[0006] There is a problem that conventional simple caloric control
using a supplement or alimentary therapy tends to cause a reaction
of weight increase as a middle or long-term result, and a
supplement added to a daily food cannot attain a sufficient effect
in many cases.
[0007] Also, in conventional dieting using an extreme alimentary
therapy or a special supplement, there is a case where essential
nutrients for an adult cannot be sufficiently supplied, and not
only a dieter feels hunger or malaise but also it is apprehended
that the dieter's health is ruined.
[0008] Furthermore, since the dietary supplements described in the
aforementioned Patent Literatures are devised for effective
alimentation to improve the immunological function or to accelerate
postoperative recovery, the quantity of supplied energy is set to
be relatively excessive as compared with human energy consumption,
and therefore, such dietary supplements cannot be used for diet for
slimming.
[0009] In consideration of the present circumstances where an
appropriate method for coping with worldwide increasing risks of
obesity and adult diseases has not been established, the present
invention was devised to create a novel diet food and dieting
system through comprehensive examinations of clinical scientific
metabolic theories, cellular biological knowledge and daily eating
habits of present-day people.
[0010] The diet food herein means a food having various cosmetic
effects including weight reduction, obesity improvement and
slimming; a food for preventing and improving adult diseases
(lifestyle-related illnesses) including obesity, hyperlipemia,
diabetes and hypertension; a food for improving the diathesis of
sport athletes; or a food capable of exhibiting an antagonistic
action to prevent a diathesis of obesity, hyperlipemia, diabetes or
hypertension from causing or becoming an aggravation factor of any
of various circulatory, metabolic or neural system disorders.
[0011] An object of the invention is providing a diet food that is
highly safe for human bodies and has a very effective function to
metabolize body fat and utilize combustion energy.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0012] What is principally aimed at is that calorie generated by
stimulating and activating a metabolizing process for body fat and
carbohydrates is used for enhancing biosynthesis of cellular
nucleic acid and proteins, and tissue/cellular physiological
activities, so as to effectively accelerate combustion/consumption
cycles.
[0013] For this purpose, nutrient sources to be supplied to a body
are redistributed in the composition of a diet food, so as to
optimize a mechanism in which a dietary component functions as a
catalyst-like factor for combusting endogenous fat and combustion
energy immediately links at equilibrium with activation of a
metabolic pathway, that is, an energy consumption system, from DNA
replication and RNA synthesis to protein biosynthesis.
[0014] An effective and highly acceptable diet food for weight
reduction, preventing obesity and adult diseases and its operation
protocol devised based on the aforementioned novel idea not only
exhibit remarkable effects in healthy people of middle and advanced
age and people carrying adult diseases but also are effective for
improving the diathesis of young people with fatness tendency
without ruining their health.
[0015] The present inventor has referred to the metabolic pathways
of an organism from different viewpoints, and has found that a diet
including a combination of arginine, an .omega.-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acid and nucleic acids has an effect to improve lipid
combustion ability of organic tissues from a side different from
the immunological function, an effect to activate the cellular
metabolic function and an effect to improve the function of
material synthesis systems for protein and the like from DNA
replication and RNA synthesis to the protein synthesis through
amino acid assembly, resulting in finding ideal diet food and
dieting system.
[0016] When problems of efficacies in singly using respective amino
acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and nucleic acids
included in the aforementioned diet and the effect of the
combination of arginine, PUFA and nucleic acids attained in
improvement of the immunological function are considered, a diet
food or a dieting system from a novel viewpoint is introduced.
Specifically, metabolic cycles exhibiting an interaction that
cannot be attained in single use are rotated, resulting in a
dieting effect useful for weight loss of fat people, conversion of
body fat into muscle tissues and improvement or prevention of adult
disease diatheses.
[0017] The present inventor has earnestly studied actions on body
fat of amino acid components typified by L-arginine or L-ornithine,
small peptides and PUFA, and has found a synergistic effect of a
lipase activating action and a cell activity increasing action
through secretion of growth hormone by these amino acid components
and an .alpha.-amylase inhibitor action, a lipid metabolism
improving action and an antiarteriosclerotic action of the
.omega.-PUFA, resulting in devising a highly safe diet food with a
very effective lipid metabolizing action.
[0018] The first invention is DIET including an .omega.-3 PUFA; and
at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an L-arginine precursor
and an L-ornithine precursor.
[0019] The second invention is the diet food of the first invention
further including an .omega.-6 PUFA.
[0020] The third invention is the diet food of the first invention
in which whole or part of the .omega.-3 PUFA is included as fish
oil.
[0021] The fourth invention is the diet food of the second
invention in which whole or part of the .omega.-3 PUFA and the
.omega.-6 PUFA are included as fish oil.
[0022] The fifth invention is the diet food of any of the first
through fourth inventions in which an intake per meal of the diet
food includes 0.1 g or more and 3.5 g or less of the .omega.-3 PUFA
and 0.6 g or more and 15 g or less of the at least one of
L-arginine, L-ornithine, an L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine
precursor.
[0023] The sixth invention is the diet food of any of the first
through fifth inventions in which the fish oil is encapsulated.
[0024] The seventh invention is DIET including at least one of
diacylglycerol, a medium or short chain fatty acid and a
phytosterol and at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an
L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor.
[0025] The eighth invention is the diet food of any of the first
through seventh inventions further including at least one of a
nucleotide, a nucleoside and a nucleic acid.
[0026] The ninth invention is the diet food of the eighth invention
in which the nucleo-base is at least one of adenine, guanine,
hypoxanthine, xanthine, cytosine, uracil and thymine.
[0027] The tenth invention is the diet food of the eighth invention
in which the nucleoside is at least one of uridine, adenosine,
guanosine, cytidine, ribothymidine, deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine,
deoxyuridine, deoxycytidine, thymidine, inosine and xanthosine.
[0028] The eleventh invention is the diet food of the eighth
invention in which the nucleic acid is at least one of DNA, RNA and
polynucleotide obtained by polymerizing nucleotides.
[0029] The twelfth invention is the diet food of the eighth
invention in which an intake per meal of the diet food includes 0.1
g or more and 1.5 g or less of at least one of a nucleic acid, a
nucleo-base and a nucleoside.
[0030] The thirteenth invention is the diet food of any of the
first through twelfth inventions further including at least one of
maltodextrin, cluster dextrin, indigestible dextrin and
oligosaccharide.
[0031] The fourteenth invention is the diet food of any of the
first through thirteenth inventions further including at least one
of a mucopolysaccharide and a uronic acid-containing
polysaccharide.
[0032] The fifteenth invention is the diet food of any of the first
through fourteenth inventions further including a component having
an absorption suppressing action for carbohydrates and lipid.
[0033] The sixteenth invention is the diet food of any of the first
through fifteenth inventions which is included in a low-calorie
food of an intake per meal of 400 Kcal or less.
[0034] The seventeenth invention is the diet food of any of the
first through sixteenth inventions further including yoghurt or a
probiotics material derived from yoghurt.
[0035] The eighteenth invention is the diet food of any of the
first through seventeenth inventions further including a
water-absorbing fiber component.
[0036] The nineteenth invention is the diet food of any of the
first through eighteenth inventions further including at least one
of an anorectic component, a circulatory stimulating component, a
lipid decomposition/consumption accelerating component and an
antioxidant component.
[0037] The twentieth invention is the diet food of any of the first
through nineteenth inventions further including at least one of
glutamine, branched chain amino acid, vitamin A, vitamin B complex,
vitamin C, vitamin D complex, vitamin E, .beta.-carotene, linolenic
acid, triglyceride linolenate, eicosapentaenoic acid, triglyceride
eicosapentaenate, docosahexaenoic acid and triglyceride
docosahexaenate.
[0038] The twenty-first invention is the diet food of any of the
first through twentieth inventions in which active ingredients are
substances derived from natural products.
[0039] The twenty-second invention is the diet food of any of the
first through twenty-first inventions for use for keeping health or
improving a diathesis of a fat person, a person having an adult
disease like atherosclerosis or metabolic disposition or a person
affected by an adult disease.
[0040] The twenty-third invention is the diet food of any of the
first through twenty-second inventions for use for keeping health
or improving a diathesis of a domestic animal, a fowl or a pet.
[0041] The twenty-fourth invention is a diet food composition
including (A) 0.1 through 6 wt % of at least one of L-arginine,
L-ornithine, an L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor;
(B) 0.02 through 1.2 wt % of .omega.-3 PUFA; and (C) 0.02 through 2
wt % of nucleic acid.
[0042] The twenty-fifth invention is a liquid diet food composition
including (A) 0.1 through 6 wt % of at least one of L-arginine,
L-ornithine, an L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor;
(B) 0.02 through 1.2 wt % of .omega.-3 PUFA; (C) 0.02 through 2 wt
% of nucleic acid; (D) 1 through 7 wt % of protein or peptide; (F)
1 through 10 wt % of carbohydrate; and (G) 0.5 through 5 wt % of
lipid, in which water is used as a solvent.
[0043] The twenty-sixth invention is a liquid DIET composition
including (A) 0.1 through 6 wt % of at least one of L-arginine,
L-ornithine, an L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor;
(B) 0.02 through 1.2 wt % of .omega.-3 PUFA; (C) 0.02 through 2 wt
% of nucleic acid; (D) 1 through 7 wt % of protein or peptide; (E)
1 through 10 wt % of saccharide; (F) 0.5 through 5 wt % of lipid;
(G) 0.01 through 2 wt % of ginger juice; and (H) 0.3 through 10 wt
% of natural fruit juice or a fruit juice-like component, in which
water is used as a solvent.
[0044] In more detail, the present invention is a diet food
including an .omega.-3 PUFA and at least one of L-arginine,
L-ornithine, an L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine
precursor.
[0045] First, among a large number of amino acids, the arginine is
cationic and unique and is easily transferred into cells. Also,
polyamine obtained by linking some arginines works as a vehicle
capable of transporting an exotic molecule, which cannot singly
enter a cell, into a cell. Furthermore, the arginine also exhibits
actions to accelerate secretion of growth hormone and glucagon and
to activate biological function of lipase.
[0046] Moreover, the ornithine has a function to complement the
arginine action. Accordingly, it is occasionally taken as a
supplement by an athlete such as a bodybuilder. However, the
contents of the arginine and the ornithine in general food protein
are small, and it is difficult to express the arginine specific
action in a body by taking general food. Furthermore, when the
arginine is simply ingested, neutral fat once decomposed into
glycerol and fatty acid by lipase can be easily restored to the
original form.
[0047] At this point, when an .omega.-3 PUFA, an .omega.-6 PUFA or
exotic short or medium chain fatty acid is present, the neutral fat
cannot be restored to the original form, and endogenous fatty acid
cannot help entering a combustion metabolic pathway.
[0048] Also, when mono-glyceride or di-glyceride is present, a
further higher effect can be attained. When nucleic acids are
sufficiently supplied, combustion energy can be supplied to a
material synthesis system, and hence, re-transformation to
saccharide or fat can be prevented.
[0049] Specifically, it is devised to supply, as a diet food for
reducing body weight or preventing/improving obesity and adult
diseases, a food including an .omega.-3 PUFA, an .omega.-6 PUFA and
a nucleic acid typified by ribonucleic acid as specific functional
components.
[0050] As the theoretic ground, the arginine accelerates secretion
of growth hormone and activates metabolism as well as activate
biological function of lipase for fat decomposition and is an
essential amino acid for synthesis of RNA and polyamine.
[0051] Also, the L-ornithine plays an effective role in effective
expression of immunological functions and a liver function, and is
related to synthesis and secretion of the growth hormone by a
pituitary gland. Accordingly, it improves the cell metabolism and
reduces fat, and hence is useful as a diet component. When the
ornithine is combined with the arginine, the secretion of the
growth hormone is more effectively accelerated.
[0052] On the other hand, with respect to the .omega.-3 PUFA or the
.omega.-6 PUFA, arachidonic acid is a precursor of PG,
eicosapentaenoic acid improves insulin action, and docosahexaenoic
acid reduces low density lipoprotein and improves the activity of
cerebral nerves. Also, the .omega.-3 or .omega.-6 PUFA is bonded to
glycerin freed from neutral fat so as to prevent re-bonding of
endogenous fatty acid and accelerate the decomposition of
endogenous lipid.
[0053] Accordingly, hypertriglyceridaemia, that is, the basic
diathesis of syndrome X and deadly quartet (hypertension, diabetes,
hyperlipemia and obesity), can be improved. Also, in the same
manner as in, for example, protein synthesis of cultured cells
consuming calorie in a medium, nucleic acids including ribonucleic
acid increase energy consumption required in intracellular
metabolism in a process mainly from RNA assembly to protein
synthesis. Energy generated through combustion of endogenous fatty
acid inhibited from re-bonding to glycerin is effectively consumed
in the process from the RNA assembly through recruit of amino acid
to the synthesis of peptide and protein. Accordingly, excessive fat
tissues are processed in the metabolic cycle, so as to exhibit a
remarkable effect for weight loss and prevention of an adult
disease. Furthermore, increase of protein included in muscles and
the like leads to increase of basal metabolism, and hence, the
dieting effect is further reinforced.
[0054] The present invention can be DIET including not only the
.omega.-3 PUFA but also an .omega.-6 PUFA.
[0055] In the diet food of this invention, whole or part of the
.omega.-3 PUFA and the .omega.-6 PUFA are preferably included as
fish oil.
[0056] In the diet food of this invention, an intake per meal of
the diet food includes 0.1 g or more and 3.5 g or less of the
.omega.-3 PUFA and 0.6 g or more and 15 g or less of the at least
one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an L-arginine precursor and an
L-ornithine precursor. In other words, an intake per day of the
diet food includes 0.5 g or more and 10 g or less and preferably
0.6 g or more and 7 g or less of the .omega.-3 PUFA, and 2 g or
more and 40 g or less of at least one of the L-arginine, the
L-ornithine, the L-arginine precursor and the L-ornithine
precursor.
[0057] In the diet food of the invention, the fish oil is
encapsulated. The smell peculiar to fish oil tends to lower the
intake motivation, and any of various means for reducing or
eliminating smell and favoring with ginger juice or yoghurt as well
as the encapsulation can be employed as an effective method for
processing the smell of fish oil.
[0058] In one aspect of the invention, the diet food includes at
least one of diacylglycerol, a medium or short chain fatty acid and
a phytosterol and at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an
L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor.
[0059] In this invention, the diacylglycerol and the middle or
short chain fatty acid have a fatness preventing action, a
weight-increase suppressing action and the like. On the other hand,
the phytosterol has a function to inhibit absorption of cholesterol
in a process where cholesterol is dissolved in bile acid to be
absorbed.
[0060] Accordingly, when either or both of them are ingested
together with the arginine and ornithine, a synergistic action of
the increase of the cell metabolism and the decomposition of the
endogenous fat with the lipid metabolism improvement and the
combustion can be attained, and since the used energy is thus
increased, energy balance exceeds the critical point and is
inclined to be negative, resulting in exhibiting the dieting
effect. In this case, the .omega.-3 PUFA or the .omega.-6 PUFA may
be used as a component of the lipid, or nucleic acid may be
included in addition to the lipid, the arginine and the like so as
to further enhance the dieting effect.
[0061] The diet food of this invention preferably includes a
nucleic acid as purine substrate source.
[0062] Examples of the nucleic acid, purine substrate source, are
natural nucleic acid substrates, nucleosides, nucleo-bases, RNA,
DNA, equivalence of any of them, and/or a mixture including one or
more of these compounds.
[0063] The nucleo-bases, the nucleosides and the nucleic acids are
materials of an energy use system required in the intracellular
metabolism in the process mainly from the RNA assembly through the
DNA transcription to the protein synthesis, and in addition, they
increase basal metabolism energy by the cell tissues as a
middle-term result of the protein synthesis.
[0064] Accordingly, energy generated through combustion of the free
fatty acid generated by activated lipase that derived from arginine
is effectively consumed in the process from the RNA assembly
through the recruit of amino acid to the synthesis of peptide and
protein. In other words, the nucleo-bases, the nucleosides and the
nucleic acids work to link the protein synthesis function to the
fat metabolizing action of the diet food of this invention
including at least one of the L-arginine, the L-ornithine, the
L-arginine precursor and the L-ornithine precursor, so as to bring
the consumption and the effective use of excessive energy.
[0065] On the other hand, the nucleo-base is preferably at least
one of adenine, guacine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, cytosine, uracil
and thymine.
[0066] The nucleoside is preferably at least one of uridine,
adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, ribothymidine, deoxyadenosine,
deoxyguanosine, deoxyuridine, deoxycytidine, thymidine, inosine and
xanthosine.
[0067] The nucleic acid is preferably at least one of DNA, RNA and
polynucleotide obtained by polymerizing nucleotides.
[0068] Furthermore, in the case where the nucleic acid substrate
source is in a form of a free nucleic acid substrate, uracil is
preferably included. Natural nucleotides include phosphate esters
of natural nucleosides, for example, monophosphate esters such as
adenylate (AMP), guanilate (GMP), uridilate (UMP), cytidilate
(CMP), deoxythymidilate (dTMP) and deoxycytidilate (dCMP), and
diphosphate esters or triphosphate esters of natural nucleoside
such as ADP and ATP.
[0069] As a purified nucleic acid substrate source, baker's or
brewer's yeast RNA or fish sperm and egg DNA is preferred, and any
of the other biological materials may be used as a starting
source.
[0070] With respect to a dose of the nucleic acid substrate source,
in the case where a dieter is an adult, when the diet food of this
invention is prepared so as to attain a dose per day of the RNA or
an equivalent weight of another nucleic acid substrate source of
0.2 through 4.0 g, preferably 0.3 through 3 g and most preferably
0.5 through 2 g, a response of effective salvage nucleic acid
synthesis can be easily obtained.
[0071] In other words, in one aspect of the invention, an intake
per meal of the diet food includes 0.1 g or more and 1.5 g or less
of at least one of a nucleic acid, a nucleo-base and a
nucleoside.
[0072] In consideration of the entire description above, when the
appropriately mixed specific functional components including the
arginine, the .omega.-3 PUFA, the .omega.-6 PUFA and the nucleic
acids such as the ribonucleic acid are combined or replaced with
meals mainly including general three essential nutrients of
protein, lipid and carbohydrate, the diet food that functions
independently of intake calorie and exhibits the effects to reduce
the weight and prevent an adult disease can be obtained. Other
amino acids such as lysine, proline, leucine, isoleucine and valine
may be recruited or diacylglycerol, phytosterol and medium or short
chain fatty acid may be combined in addition to or in place of the
.omega.-3 or .omega.-6 PUFA.
[0073] In this invention, the diet food may further include at
least one of maltodextrin, cluster dextrin and indigestible
dextrin.
[0074] The maltodextrin, the cluster dextrin and the non-digestive
dextrin obtained by processing starch with an enzyme or the like
has an appropriate characteristic to ideally set the quantity of
energy, the absorbing system, the taste and the like as a diet
carbohydrate. In the case where glucose or sugar is simply
ingested, the blood sugar is abruptly increased so as to accelerate
the insulin secretion, various metabolic pathways such as protein
kinase C, PI3 kinase and NO production are activated, and hence,
angiopathy, obesity or an adult disease diathesis is aggravated as
a medium or long-term result.
[0075] The maltodextrin, the cluster dextrin and the indigestible
dextrin exhibiting characteristic digestive, absorption and
metabolic patterns belong to a saccharide group capable of
moderately increasing the blood sugar and planning to transfer to
and use in a human body as carbohydrate. Accordingly, when the
mixing ratio of the maltodextrin, the cluster dextrin or the
indigestible dextrin in the present diet food is determined, a
caloric intake and a dieting effect suitable for the aim can be
realized.
[0076] Also, for adjusting the taste and the eating
comfortableness, another natural or synthetic saccharide such as
granulated sugar, sugar, trehalose or Aspartame is preferably
included.
[0077] In this invention, the diet food may further include a
mucopolysaccharide or a uronic acid.
[0078] The uronic acid-containing polysaccharide such as pectin,
carageenan or alginic acid is a polymer that extracts moisture so
as to provide a satiety feeling as food, and at the same time, has
low calorie and exhibits a good performance to suppress the
absorption of saccharide.
[0079] Also, hyaluronic acid provides protection and smoothness to
skins and synovial tissues. Accordingly, the mixture of uronic acid
in the diet food of this invention can be effective means for
improving these effects. Natural materials including a large amount
of uronic acid-containing polysaccharide or mucopolysaccharide,
such as apples, seaweeds and yams, may be processed to be
mixed.
[0080] In the present invention, the diet food may further include
a component having an absorption suppressing action for saccharide
and lipid.
[0081] Diet pills using a large number of natural or synthetic
substances, such as yohimbine for inhibiting decomposition of fat,
a compound having an absorption inhibiting action and an
.alpha.-glycosidase inhibitor having a carbohydrate absorption
inhibiting action, have been proposed, and a conventional type of
lipid or saccharide absorption metabolism suppressing diet
including Aralia elata of Alariaceae, gymnema extract, chitin
chitosan, galcinia, polyphenol, catechin and the like used together
is useful for reinforcing the performance of the diet food of this
invention. Also, a component having an antioxidant action such as
polyphenol is more preferably included.
[0082] In the present invention, the diet food may be included in a
low-calorie food of an intake per meal of 400 Kcal or less, namely,
a low-calorie food of an intake per day of 1200 Kcal or less.
[0083] The alimentary therapy for obesity through energy intake
control is generally classified into a low-energy food of 1000
through 1300 Kcal, a maintenance food of 1600 through 1800 Kcal and
a protein keeping/adjusting food, namely, a very low-energy food of
approximately 600 Kcal in which carbohydrate and lipid are
extremely reduced.
[0084] In order to attain a higher dieting effect, practice of
calorie intake control combined with the diet food of the first
invention, DIET, or the like is useful. Assuming that the basal
metabolism is 24 Kcal/Kg and the kinetic energy is 300 through 500
Kcal, the maintenance energy is 1740 Kcal when the weight is 60 Kg,
and a food with lower calorie is a relatively low-energy food.
[0085] Therefore, when three meals are composed of the diet food of
the first invention taken twice a day with 500 Kcal in total and a
calorie-control food of 700 through 800 Kcal taken once, the
combustion energy obtained by accelerating the endogenous lipid
decomposition with the merit of exogenous energy supply control is
efficiently used in the protein synthesis process. Accordingly, the
present invention can systematize the diet food/system capable of
attaining highly effective combustion/elimination of fat tissues.
In particular, differently from diet through simple calorie control
and absorption inhibition, the present diet food can up regulate
the energy generation, the cellular activity, the RNA synthesis and
the protein synthesis even under high calorie control, and
therefore, the physical strength and the health can be kept even
during the dieting period.
[0086] In the present invention, the diet food may further include
yoghurt or a probiotics material derived from yoghurt.
[0087] The probiotics, that is, "living microbes with properties
useful for the health of humans", is useful for improving the
enteral flora and maintaining the body functions healthy.
Polyamines, that is, the product of yoghurt or yoghurt bacteria
corresponding to typical probiotics, are known to accelerate cell
protein synthesis and to have breeding activity. In other words,
the yoghurt or lactic acid bacteria is a principal element as a
material or a producer for producing, in the bowels, a substance
useful for the human body activity.
[0088] Accordingly, the combination of the diet food of any of
Claims 1 through 18 with yoghurt directly leads to useful means for
continuously employing the diet food or system while maintaining
the body functions with the action of the polyamines using the
probiotics. In this case, the yoghurt or the lactic acid bacteria
may be singly ingested separately from the diet food of any of
Claims 1 through 18 or may be prepared to be ingested
simultaneously with another diet food.
[0089] In the present invention, the diet food may further include
a water-absorbing fiber component.
[0090] The water-absorbing fiber is known to swell within
alimentary canals to provide satiety. Accordingly, when the diet
food is combined with mannnan, guar gum, xanthan gum or inulin,
physical and psychological satiety is attained through hydrated
swell within the gastrointestinal tract so as to suppress excessive
appetite, and therefore, continuous acceptability against the diet
food can be attained.
[0091] Also, such a substance is expected to exhibit an action to
reduce absorption of dietary components such as lipid and
carbohydrate. Insoluble fiber such as cellulose, hemicellulose,
lignin and agar may be used for modifying the eating
comfortableness.
[0092] In the present invention, the diet food may further include
at least one of an anorectic component, a circulatory stimulating
component, a lipid decomposition/consumption accelerating component
and an antioxidant component.
[0093] An agent for inhibiting uptake of serotonin, such as
fluoxetine, is attracting attention. In a large number of drugs and
natural products, there are substances having an appetite
suppressing effect such as peptide for reducing appetite, compounds
or derivatives of carbohydrates typified by morphine for
suppressing gastric movement, and mazindol, fluvoxamine and the
like. Substances affecting systems?? such as leptin and adiponectin
can be useful materials.
[0094] On the other hand, capsaicin, raspberry ketone, carnitine,
lycopene, taurine, saponin and xanthines have a fat
decomposition/consumption accelerating action for stimulating the
general circulation and decomposing/combusting the body fat. Also,
the antioxidant component such as polyphenol and sesamin have an
action to prevent arterial sclerosis.
[0095] In the present invention, the diet food may further include
at least one of glutamine, branched chain amino acid, vitamin A,
vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin D complex, vitamin E,
.beta.-carotene, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid,
docosahexaenoic acid, triglyceride linolenate, triglyceride
eicosapentaenate and triglyceride docosahexaenate.
[0096] Furthermore, examples of the vitamins to be preferably
included in the composition of the invention are vitamin A, vitamin
E, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin K, folic acid, thiamine,
riboflavine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, biotin and
pantothenic acid all in a pharmacologically allowable form.
[0097] Moreover, examples of mineral elements or minor elements to
be preferably included in the composition of the invention are
sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese,
copper, zinc, iron, selenium, chromium and molybdenum all in a
pharmacologically allowable form.
[0098] In particular, the composition of the invention preferably
includes beta-carotene (vitamin A), vitamin E, vitamin C, thiamine,
vitamin B12, selenium chloride and zinc all in a pharmacologically
allowable form.
[0099] In the present invention, active ingredients of the diet
food are preferably substances substantially derived from natural
products.
[0100] The present invention can be used for keeping health of or
improving a diathesis of a fat person, a person having an adult
disease (lifestyle-related illnesses) disposition or a person
affected by an adult disease.
[0101] Furthermore, the present invention can be used for keeping
health or improving a diathesis of a domestic animal, a fowl or a
pet.
[0102] For improving the taste or flavor of the diet food of this
invention, fruit juice of seakuwaser or the like or ginger juice is
useful.
[0103] The concentrations of the active ingredients in providing
the food of the invention as a drink are determined in
consideration of the drinking comfortableness, the taste and the
flavor, and the following diet drink compositions are
preferred:
[0104] The first diet drink composition includes (A) 0.1 through 6
wt % of at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an L-arginine
precursor and an L-ornithine precursor; (B) 0.02 through 1.2 wt %
of .omega.-3 PUFA; and (C) 0.02 through 2 wt % of nucleic acid.
[0105] Another liquid diet food composition includes (A) 0.1
through 6 wt % of at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an
L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor; (B) 0.02 through
1.2 wt % of .omega.-3 PUFA; (C) 0.02 through 2 wt % of nucleic
acid; (D) 1 through 7 wt % of protein or peptide; (F) 1 through 10
wt % of carbohydrate; and (G) 0.5 through 5 wt % of lipid, in which
water is used as a solvent.
[0106] Another liquid diet food composition includes (A) 0.1
through 6 wt % of at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an
L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor; (B) 0.02 through
1.2 wt % of .omega.-3 PUFA; (C) 0.02 through 2 wt % of nucleic
acid; (D) 1 through 7 wt % of protein or peptide; (E) 1 through 10
wt % of carbohydrate; (F) 0.5 through 5 wt % of lipid; (G) 0.01
through 2 wt % of ginger juice; and (H) 0.3 through 10 wt % of
natural fruit juice or a fruit juice-like component, in which water
is used as a solvent.
[0107] Functions
[0108] In the present invention, the L-arginine has not only an
action to accelerate the secretion of the growth hormone for
activating metabolism but also an action to improve the activity of
lipase, that is, a lipolytic enzyme. The lipase improved in the
activity by the L-arginine efficiently hydrolyses triglyceride
stored in blood and fat cells in a body so as to release fatty acid
from glycerin. On the other hand, the L-ornithine affects the
synthesis and the release of the growth hormone by the hypophysis.
Accordingly, when the L-ornithine is ingested, the synthesis and
the release of the growth hormone is activated, the metabolism of
somatic cells is improved, and material synthesis is accelerated,
resulting in accelerating the decomposition/consumption of body
fat.
[0109] Furthermore, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid,
that is, the .omega.-3 PUFA, are synthesized from linolenic acid in
a very small amount, and the amount of arachidonic acid, that is,
essential .omega.-6 PUFA, produced within a body is insufficient.
The .omega.-3 PUFA or the .omega.-6 PUFA is bonded to glycerin
freed from neutral fat within the body of a taker. Thus, the
.omega.-3 PUFA or the .omega.-6 PUFA inhibits glycerin and
endogenous fatty acid changing into triglyceride and VLDL again, so
as to accelerate VLDL turnover in the blood plasma.
[0110] As a result, the VLDL is inhibited from being transferred to
and stored in fat cells or arterial sclerosis nests. Accordingly,
it is suitable as an acceptor of triglyceride decomposed by the
arginine. Furthermore, the eicosapentaenoic acid is changed into
thromboxane A3 and prevents a thrombotic disease, the
docosahexaenoic acid improves the function of a nervous system, and
both the acids suppress the expression of an adult disease
disposition.
[0111] The .omega.-3 PUFA and the .omega.-6 PUFA included in the
diet food are included in fish oil in a comparatively high ratio.
The fish oil is comparatively inexpensive and is easily available,
and hence is suitably added to the diet food of this invention.
[0112] In the present invention, when the fish oil included in the
diet food is processed to reduce or eliminate the smell by, for
example, encapsulation, the smell peculiar to the fish oil can be
sealed and degradation of the fish oil through oxidation can be
suppressed.
[0113] In the present invention, when diacylglycerol, phytosterol
and middle or short chain fatty acid is used in addition to or in
place of part of the .omega.-3 PUFA or .omega.-6 PUFA, the
re-synthesis of body fat can be further suppressed. Specifically,
the diacylglycerol in which two molecules of fatty acid are bonded
to one molecule of glycerin is minimally re-synthesized into body
fat after being absorbed into the body. Medium or short chain fatty
acids having a carbon number of 8 through 10 have a higher
water-soluble property than a general long or short chain fatty
acid and are easily metabolized in cells. Furthermore, since the
phytosterol has a property to dissolve in bile acid, it works to
reduce the absorption of cholesterol.
[0114] When the arginine or the ornithine is ingested, the
secretion of the growth hormone and the activation of the lipase
are induced and the triglyceride is decomposed. Furthermore,
dietary triglyceride is decomposed into fatty acid and glycerin and
absorbed to be mixedly present with endogenous glycerin and fatty
acid.
[0115] However, this decomposition process is reversible, and
therefore, the fatty acids easily re-construct neutral fat together
with glycerin and are disadvantageously difficult to
combust/consume. When dietary diacylglycerol is combined, the
neutral fat is minimally re-constructed, and the effect to combust
the endogenous fatty acid is exhibited. Accordingly, owing to the
presence of the diacylglycerol, the cellular stimulation and the
lipase activation attained by the arginine are effectively linked
with the combustion of fat and the increase of cellular metabolism.
At this point, a balanced mixture of fatty acids including the
.omega.-3 PUFA or the .omega.-6 PUFA is preferably exogenously
supplied.
[0116] Also, a lipid group classified into cholesterol and neutral
fat forms a large micelle in a blood through conjugation with
apoprotein, and hence, reduction of the triglyceride is easily
complemented by cholesterol. At this point, the phytosterol
constructs a complex with bile acid iin competition with internal
cholesterol so as to enter enterohepatic circulation, but since the
phytosterol is not absorbed into the body, they can suppress the
absorption of the cholesterol and hence can adjust the expression
level and the pattern of the apoprotein. Accordingly, when the
diacylglycerol and the phytosterol are ingested in combination with
the arginine and the ornithine, the obesity and the adult disease
diathesis can be improved through the re-construction of the
endogenous lipid and the change of the expression level of the
apoprotein.
[0117] On the other hand, in the case where the endogenous lipid is
preparedly adjusted by ingesting the diacylglycerol and the
phytosterol, energy supply required for facilitating the cells and
tissues, and body functions in the end, through the activation of
the cellular metabolism attained by the arginine action is
prepared, and processes for generating various functional materials
are smoothly proceeded, resulting in up-regulating the basal
metabolism through the increase in the tissue/cellular energetic
consumption.
[0118] In the present invention, the nucleo-base, the nucleoside
and the nucleic acid have the action to promote the energy
consumption required in the intracellular metabolism in the process
mainly from the RNA assembly to the protein synthesis. Accordingly,
energy generated through the combustion of the free fatty acid
inhibited from re-bonding to glycerin is effectively consumed in
the process from the RNA assembly through the recruit of amino acid
to the synthesis of peptide and protein.
[0119] In brief, the arginine, the .omega.-3 PUFA and the .omega.-6
PUFA, and the nucleo-base, the nucleoside or the nucleic acid
together construct diet food components ideal for a obesity or a
person having an adult disease disposition.
[0120] The maltodextrin, the cluster dextrin or the indigestible
dextrin included in the diet food of the present invention can
supplement energy of the diet food in an idealistic manner.
Specifically, when such dextrin is ingested, the blood sugar level
is more moderately elevated than when glucose, sucrose or fructose
is ingested. Therefore, the secretion of insulin into the blood is
suppressed, and the downstream metabolism pathways are not
excessively activated, resulting in suppressing the advancement of
arterial sclerosis, lipid metabolism degradation or obesity
stimulation derived from high insulin. Accordingly, a taker of the
present diet food is free from abrupt hunger or fatigue.
[0121] In this invention, examples of the mucopolysaccharide
included in the diet food are chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid,
heparin, keratan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, and although the
mucopolysaccharide is a substance sufficiently produced in a body
during a human growth period, the de novo production is reduced
with ages, and hence it is significant to positively include it in
a diet food. Such a mucopolysaccharide is a sticky viscous
substance and is included in joints, eye balls, mucous membranes,
blood vessel walls and the like to provide flexibility and
smoothness of the tissues. Accordingly, appropriate supply of the
mucopolysaccharide is useful for keeping blood vessels and skins
flexible and suppressing advance of an adult disease disposition of
arterial sclerosis.
[0122] When any of conventional type of lipid or saccharide
absorption metabolism suppressing diet materials including a large
number of natural or synthetic substances, such as yohimbine for
inhibiting decomposition of fat, a compound having an absorption
inhibiting function and an .alpha.-glycosidase inhibitor having
carbohydrate absorption inhibiting action, and more specifically,
Aralia elata of Alariaceae, gymnema extract, chitin chitosan,
galcinia, polyphenol, catechin and the like or any of various
porous materials such as cholestyramine or activated carbon is used
together with the present diet food as a component having a
saccharide or lipid absorption suppressing action included in the
diet food, it is useful for reinforcing the performance of the diet
food and the dieting system of this invention.
[0123] Furthermore, a polyphenol also has an antioxidant action,
the death rate of cardiac diseases of French people is the lowest
in Europe because they ingest a large amount of polyphenol included
in red wine, and green tea includes polyphenols such as tannin,
catechin and flavonoid. In the present diet, components having an
absorption inhibiting function are preferably added as various
natural material extracts.
[0124] When the diet food of this invention is combined with a
general low-calorie food to provide calorie control per day of 1200
Kcal or less, the dietary energy supply can be suppressed.
Specifically, assuming that the basal metabolism of an adult is
approximately 24 Kcal/Kg and the kinetic energy is 300 through 500
Kcal, the maintenance energy necessary for an adult with a weight
of 60 Kg is approximately 1740 Kcal.
[0125] In order to attain a higher dieting effect by using the diet
food of this invention, it is appropriate to apply a protein
keeping/adjusting food, namely, a very low-energy food in which
saccharide and lipid are extremely reduced. When three meals are
composed of the diet food of this invention taken twice a day with
500 Kcal in total and a calorie-controlled food of 500 Kcal or less
taken once, the endogenous lipid decomposition is accelerated with
the merit of exogenous energy supply control adjusted to 1000 Kcal
or less.
[0126] The thus obtained lipid combustion energy is used in the
protein synthesis process, and hence, the diet food can attain
highly effective combustion/elimination of fat tissues. In
particular, differently from diet through simple calorie control
and absorption inhibition, the present diet food can improve the
energy generation, the cellular activity, the RNA synthesis and the
protein synthesis even under high calorie control, and therefore,
the physical strength and the health can be maintained even during
the dieting period.
[0127] In the present invention, the yoghurt or the probiotics
material derived from yoghurt included in the diet food is useful
for keeping the health of a person practicing slimming by using the
diet food. The probiotics material means living microbes with
properties useful for the health of humans, and polyamines, that
is, the product of the probiotics material, are known to accelerate
cell protein synthesis and to have breeding activity. Owing to the
action of the polyamines, the dieting can be continued while
keeping the body functions.
[0128] In the present invention, the water-absorbing fiber
component included in the diet food can swell within bowels after
being ingested, so as to provide satiety. Also, the water-absorbing
fiber component exhibits a lipid or saccharide absorption reducing
action.
[0129] In the present invention, the anorectic component included
in the diet food has an action to inhibit uptake of serotonin like
fluoxetine. Owing to this action, the intestinal movement of the
taker is suppressed so as to reduce the appetite for practicing
effective dieting. Also, an alkaloid or its derivative working on
the central nervous system for reducing the appetite can be
included.
[0130] In the present invention, the glutamine, the vitamin A, the
vitamin B complex, the vitamin C, the vitamin D complex, the
vitamin E, the .beta.-carotene, the linolenic acid, the
triglyceride linolenate, the triglyceride eicosapentaenate, the
triglyceride docosahexaenate or the like included in the diet food
assists the dieting effect as well as are useful for keeping the
health of the taker through the supplement of essential nutrients
during the dieting period.
[0131] In the present invention, the active ingredients of the diet
food are preferably substances substantially derived from natural
products.
[0132] The present invention can be used for keeping health of or
improving diathesis of a fat person, an athlete, a person having an
adult disease disposition or a person affected by an adult disease,
so as to attain remarkable effects.
[0133] Furthermore, when the diet food of the invention is used for
domestic animals and fowls such as cows, pigs and chickens, and
pets such as dogs and cats, the effects to keep health or improve
diatheses of such animals can be exhibited in the same manner as in
the case where it is ingested by a human.
[0134] Also, when the eating comfortableness is improved by fruit
juice or a flavor, the attachment of the taker for the diet food
can be usefully improved.
[0135] Effects of the Invention
[0136] According to the present invention, body fat can be safely
and effectively reduced by ingesting the diet food, so as to
effectively prevent or improve an adult disease disposition such as
obesity, diabetes or hyperlipidemia.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0137] FIG. 1 is a component table of exemplified components of a
diet food.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0138] Now, preferred embodiments of the invention will be
described in detail.
[0139] The present invention provides a diet food including a
mixture of PUFA and L-arginine or the like in an effective
aggregation amount for prevention and improvement of adult diseases
and improvement of obesity.
[0140] In general, fatty acid freed in a body is incorporated into
mitochondria present in cells, changed into a form easily usable as
energy with aerobically generating ATP through .beta.-oxidation,
TCA cycles and oxidative phosphorylation, and decomposed into
carbon dioxide and water. Accordingly, it is a significant basic
strategy for improvement of obesity and a dieting system to proceed
decomposition and combustion of lipid.
[0141] Specifically, although the principal points of a
conventional dieting system are absorption control of caloric food
and energy supply reduction through food reduction, the principal
point of the present diet is acceleration of material metabolic
cycle by paying attention to the decomposition and combustion of
lipid. Therefore, as characteristics of the dieting system using
the diet food of this invention, body fat can be effectively
reduced and a symptom such as fatigue or malaise derived from
energy shortage minimally occurs.
[0142] The diet food of this invention is ingested by a fat person
or a patient of a adult disease for preventing and improving adult
diseases and preventing and improving obesity, or is dosed to a
precritical person with an adult disease disposition.
EMBODIMENT 1
[0143] The diet food of this invention includes a mixture of an
.omega.-3 PUFA and at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an
L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor.
[0144] The .omega.-3 PUFA of this embodiment may be in a form of
free acid or a form suitable for physiological supply of the
.omega.-3 PUFA such as a form of triglyceride. Particularly
preferable examples of the .omega.-3 PUFA of this embodiment are
eicosapentaenoic acid (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "EPA")
and docosahexaenoic acid (hereinafter sometimes referred to as
"DHA"). Such an .omega.-3 PUFA is included in a comparatively high
ratio in linseed oil or fish oil such as menhaden oil, salmon oil,
mackerel oil, cod liver oil or anchovy oil.
[0145] The L-arginine precursor or the L-ornithine precursor of
this embodiment includes small peptide rich in L-arginine or
L-ornithine, respectively. Also, the L-arginine or the L-ornithine
may be in a free form or a salt together with, for example,
phosphoric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, formic acid, adipic
acid or lactic acid.
[0146] The diet food of this embodiment may be a supplement
composed of merely the mixture of the .omega.-3 PUFA and the
L-arginine or the like and is generally added to general food.
[0147] As the form of the supplement, any of the forms of generally
commercially available products such as a drink, a solid matter, a
capsule, a tablet and granules can be employed.
[0148] On the other hand, in the case where the diet food is
prepared with general food, the aforementioned components prepared
in the form of a liquid, a solid matter, a semi-solid matter
including a jelly, a mixture of a liquid and a jelly-like substance
or granules are added to food for use. Applicable foods are
confections such as baked wafers, crackers, biscuits, cookies and
cakes, breads such as a loaf, a bun, a roll, a Danish pastry, a
crescent and a stick-shaped bread, cereals, noodles, chocolates,
candies, tablets, cold sweets such as ice creams and sherbets,
Japanese confections such as a bun or a rice cake with bean jam
filling, and pates.
[0149] Also, vegetable fiber, an olive leaf, an olive leaf
extractable matter, luteolin or a luteolin derivative may be added.
Owing to the action of the olive leaf, the olive leaf extractable
matter, the luteolin or the luteolin derivative to suppress the
increase of a blood sugar level, since the decomposition of
nutrients (such as starch and amylose) is inhibited by an amylase
inhibiting action in an organism, generation of glucose easily
absorbed by the organism is suppressed, so as to suppress the
increase of the blood sugar level.
[0150] Furthermore, a compound including a variety of diet
materials such as salacia reticulate, chitosan, mulberry, aloe and
plantain may be an additional component, and vitamins and various
minerals may be added thereto. Examples of the vitamins are vitamin
A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin D and vitamin E.
Furthermore, creatine, citric acid, calcium and iron can be
added.
[0151] With respect to an intake of the diet food of this
embodiment, the amount of the .omega.-3 PUFA generally supplied to
an adult over a treatment period is preferably 2.0 g or more per
day. Also, the amount of the L-arginine, the L-ornithine or the
mixture of them supplied over the treatment period is preferably 10
g or more per day.
[0152] The diet food or the supplement is administered preferably
for 15 days or more, for example, over 15 through 60 days and once
through four times a day. For further keeping the diathesis
improving effect, the present diet food is expected to be ingested
once or twice a day over a long period of time.
[0153] Accordingly, the amount of the .omega.-3 PUFA included in
the diet food ingested per day is preferably not less than 0.5 g
and not more than 10 g, and the amount of the L-arginine, the
L-ornithine or the mixture of them is preferably not less than 2 g
and not more than 40 g. In other words, as an intake per meal, the
amount of the .omega.-3 PUFA is preferably not less than 0.1 g and
not more than 3.5 g, and the amount of at least one of the
L-arginine, the L-ornithine, the L-arginine precursor and the
L-ornithine precursor is preferably not less than 0.6 g and not
more than 15 g.
[0154] However, the amounts of the .omega.-3 PUFA and the
L-arginine, the L-ornithine or the mixture of them to be supplied
per day for attaining a desired effect can be varied depending upon
the treatment period (days) and individual factors of a patient or
the like to be treated.
[0155] The .omega.-3 PUFA is preferably included in the form of
fish oil. In this case, when the pH is adjusted to approximately 3
through 4 by an edible acid, the smell peculiar to the fish oil can
be reduced. Also, when the fish oil is encapsulated, the smell can
be sealed and degradation of the fish oil through oxidation can be
suppressed so as to improve the storage property.
[0156] When the L-arginine or the L-arginine precursor is added in
this embodiment, the L-arginine or the like has not only an action
to accelerate secretion of the growth hormone for activating
metabolism but also a function to activate the lipase, that is, a
lipolytic enzyme. The lipase activated by the L-arginine
efficiently hydrolyses triglyceride stored in fat cells within the
body so as to free fatty acid and glycerin. The fatty acid and
glycerin thus freed are reused for protein synthesis in the cells
or consumed through combustion as an energy source depending upon
the tissue, intracellular or extracellular physiological
environments.
[0157] On the other hand, when the L-ornithine or the L-ornithine
precursor is added in this embodiment, the L-ornithine or the like
affects the pituitary gland of the taker so as to activate the
synthesis and the release of the growth hormone and improve the
metabolism of somatic cells, resulting in accelerating the
decomposition and the consumption of body fat.
[0158] Also, the L-arginine has an action to remove ammonia within
the body and the L-ornithine has an action to complement this
action. Accordingly, even if intravital metabolisms are inclined to
tissue disorganization due to undernutrition or strain, a
detoxication action can be exhibited.
[0159] Furthermore, the .omega.-3 PUFA included in the diet food of
this embodiment is bonded to the glycerin freed from endogenous
triglyceride within the body of the taker. Thus, the .omega.-3 PUFA
prevents endogenous fatty acid from converted into triglyceride
again to be stored in fat tissues.
[0160] As a result, the diet food of this embodiment effectively
reduces body fat of the taker through the synergistic effect of the
.omega.-3 PUFA and the L-arginine or the L-ornithine, so as to
prevent/improve adult diseases and obesity.
EMBODIMENT 2
[0161] A diet food of this embodiment includes a mixture of
.omega.-6 PUFA and at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an
L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor.
[0162] The .omega.-6 PUFA of this embodiment may be in a form of
free acid or in a form of triglyceride suitable for physiological
supply of the .omega.-6 PUFA.
[0163] Particularly preferable examples of the .omega.-6 PUFA of
this embodiment are linolenic acid and arachidonic acid, and
linolenic acid is the most preferred. The preferable .omega.-6 PUFA
is included in a comparatively high ratio in vegetable oil such as
safflower oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, cotton seed oil or corn
oil.
[0164] Also the diet food of this embodiment is administered to a
taker in the form of a supplement or in the form where it is added
to general food as in the aforementioned embodiment.
[0165] With respect to an intake per day of the diet food of this
embodiment, the amount of the .omega.-6 PUFA generally supplied to
an adult over a treatment period is preferably 2.0 g or more. Also,
the amount of the L-arginine, the L-ornithine or the mixture of
them supplied to an adult over the treatment period is preferably
10 g or more.
[0166] The diet food or the supplement is administered preferably
for 15 days or more, for example, over 15 through 60 days and once
through four times a day.
[0167] Accordingly, the amount of the .omega.-6 PUFA included in
the diet food ingested per day is preferably not less than 0.5 g
and not more than 10 g, and the amount of the L-arginine or the
L-ornithine is preferably not less than 3 g and not more than 40
g.
[0168] However, the amounts of the .omega.-6 PUFA and the
L-arginine, the L-ornithine or the mixture of them to be supplied
per day for attaining a desired effect can be varied depending upon
the treatment period (days) and individual factors of a patient or
the like to be treated.
[0169] The .omega.-6 PUFA may be included in the form of fish oil.
In this case, when the pH is adjusted to approximately 3 through 4
by an edible acid, the smell peculiar to the fish oil can be
reduced. Also, when the fish oil is encapsulated, the smell can be
sealed and degradation of the fish oil through oxidation can be
suppressed so as to improve the storage property.
[0170] The actions and effects of the L-arginine and the
L-ornithine included in the diet food of this embodiment are the
same as those described in Embodiment 1.
[0171] The .omega.-6 PUFA of this embodiment is bonded to freed
glycerin so as to prevent the glycerin from re-converted into
triglyceride and being stored in fat cells in the same manner as
the .omega.-3 PUFA. Also, during the practice of the dieting system
for obesity or an adult disease, the .omega.-6 PUFA advantageously
affects resistance against catabolism, that is, a state where
self-organization is combusted for generating energy.
[0172] When the L-arginine or the L-arginine precursor is added in
this embodiment, the L-arginine or the like has not only an action
to accelerate the secretion of the growth hormone for activating
the metabolism but also an action to activate lipase, that is, a
lipolytic enzyme in the same manner as in Embodiment 1.
[0173] On the other hand, when the L-ornithine or the L-ornithine
precursor is added in this embodiment, the L-ornithine or the like
affects the hypophysis of the taker so as to activate the synthesis
and the release of the growth hormone and facilitate the metabolism
of somatic cells, resulting in accelerating the decomposition and
the consumption of the body fat.
[0174] Furthermore, the .omega.-6 PUFA included in the diet food of
this embodiment is bonded to the glycerin freed from the neutral
fat within the body of the taker. Thus, the .omega.-6 PUFA prevents
the endogenous fatty acid from bonded into triglyceride again to be
stored in the fat tissues. Moreover, since the .omega.-6 PUFA
advantageously affects the resistance against the catabolism, the
safety of the dieting can be improved.
[0175] As a result, the diet food of this embodiment effectively
reduces the body fat of the taker through the synergistic effect of
the .omega.-6 PUFA and the L-arginine or the L-ornithine, so as to
prevent/improve adult diseases and obesity.
[0176] It is noted that .omega.-3 PUFA may be combined with the
.omega.-6 PUFA to be additionally included in the diet food of this
embodiment.
EMBODIMENT 3
[0177] A diet food of this embodiment includes a mixture of at
least one of diacylglycerol, middle or short chain fatty acid and
phytosterol and at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an
L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor.
[0178] In this embodiment, the diacylglycrol is two molecules of
fatty acid bonded to one molecule of glycerin and has a property
that it is minimally re-synthesized into fat after being absorbed
into a body.
[0179] Among medium or short chain fatty acids, those having a
carbon number of 8 through 10 or not more than 8 have a higher
water-soluble property than a general long chain fatty acid and are
easily combusted.
[0180] The phytosterol has a property to dissolve in bile acid and
has a function to reduce the absorption of general cholesterol.
[0181] The actions and effects of the L-arginine, the L-ornithine,
the L-arginine precursor and the L-ornithine precursor of this
embodiment are the same as those described in each of the
above-described embodiments.
[0182] According to the diet food of this embodiment, owing to the
synergistic effect of the diacylglycerol, the medium or short chain
fatty acid or the phytosterol and the L-arginine or the
L-ornithine, body fat can be safely and effectively reduced, so as
to prevent/improve an adult disease or obesity.
ALTERNATIVE EMBODIMENTS
[0183] In an alternative embodiment of this invention, the diet
food may include at least one of nucleo-bases, nucleosides and
nucleic acids.
[0184] The nucleo-bases are preferably at least one of adenine,
guacine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, cytosine, uracil and thymine.
[0185] The nucleosides are preferably at least one of uridine,
adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, ribothymidine, deoxyadenosine,
deoxyguanosine, deoxyuridine, deoxycytidine, thymidine, inosine and
xanthosine.
[0186] The nucleic acids are preferably at least one of DNA, RNA
and polynucleotide obtained by polymerizing nucleotides. As a
purified nucleic acid substrate source, for example, baker's or
brewer's yeast RNA or fish seed DNA is preferred. However, another
source such as meat may be used as a starting source.
[0187] The nucleo-bases, the nucleosides and the nucleic acids have
an action to increase energy consumption required in intracellular
metabolism in a process mainly from RNA assembly to protein
synthesis. Accordingly, energy generated through combustion of free
fatty acid that is inhibited from re-bonding to glycerin is
effectively consumed in the process from the RNA assembly through
recruit of amino acid to the synthesis of peptide and protein.
Therefore, the nucleo-bases, the nucleosides and the nucleic acids
work to reinforce the fat metabolizing action of the diet food of
this invention.
[0188] Alternatively, the diet food may include nucleotides. The
nucleotides include phosphate esters of natural nucleosides, for
example, monophosphate esters such as adenylate (AMP), guanilate
(GMP), uridilate (UMP), cytidilate (CMP), deoxythymidilate (dTMP)
and deoxycytidilate (dCMP), and diphosphate esters or triphosphate
esters of natural nucleoside such as ADP and ATP.
[0189] A dose of the nucleic acid substrate source is varied
depending upon the type of a desired treatment, the condition of a
patient to be treated and the like. For example, when the patient
to be treated is an adult, 0.1 through 4.0 g, preferably 1.0
through 3.0 g and most preferably 1.25 through 2.5 g of RNA or an
equivalent weight of another nuclear substrate is set as a dose per
day. When the diet food of this invention thus including a given
amount of nucleic acids is used, an effective response of salvage
nucleic acid synthesis can be easily obtained. In this invention,
one weight unit of nucleic acid substrate is regarded to be equal
to 2.5 through 3.0 weight units of RNA, DNA, a nucleoside or a
nucleotide.
[0190] In another embodiment, the diet food may include at least
one of maltodextrin, cluster dextrin and indigestible dextrin.
[0191] In this embodiment, the maltodextrin, the cluster dextrin
and the indigestible dextrin included in the diet food is obtained
by reducing the molecular weight of starch by a chemical or
enzymatic method.
[0192] These dextrin can supplement energy of the diet food in an
idealistic manner. Specifically, when such dextrin is ingested, the
blood sugar level is more moderately increased than when glucose,
sucrose or fructose is ingested. Therefore, the secretion of
insulin into the blood is not excessive, and various intracellular
signal transduction systems are not excessively activated,
resulting in suppressing an unreasonable biological reaction
related to acceleration of obesity or arterial sclerosis arising
from excessive change of the blood sugar. Accordingly, the taker is
free from abrupt hunger or fatigue even when he/she is on a
diet.
[0193] Furthermore, for adjusting the taste, a low-calorie
sweetener such as aspartyl phenylalanine methyl ester (brand name:
Aspartame) may be included.
[0194] In another embodiment, the diet food may include a
water-absorbing fiber component. Soluble fiber of this embodiment
means fiber that can substantially fermented mainly in a colic so
as to produce short chain fatty acid. Preferable examples of the
soluble fiber are pectin, guar gum, locust bean gum and xanthan
gum. Such soluble fiber is hydrated and swells in the
gastrointestinal tract, so as to provide physical and psychological
satiety to the taker. Also, such a substance has an action to
suppress absorption into the body of lipid and carbohydrate and
hence reinforces the effects of the diet food.
[0195] A dose per day of the soluble fiber of this embodiment is
approximately 3.0 through 30 g per day for an adult.
[0196] In another embodiment, the diet food may include
mucopolysaccharides. Preferable examples of the mucopolysaccharides
are hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan
sulfate and heparin.
[0197] In another embodiment, the diet food may include an
anorectic component.
[0198] As a preferable anorectic component, an appropriate amount
of a substance for suppressing uptake of serotonin, that is, a
hormone for accelerating the intestinal movement, such as
fluoxetine, or an alkaloid is effectively included.
[0199] In another embodiment, the diet food may include a component
having an absorption suppressing action for saccharide and lipid.
Preferable examples of the absorption suppressing component are
yohimbine that suppresses decomposition of lipid, a glucosidase
inhibitor having a carbohydrate absorption inhibiting action,
Aralia elata of Alariaceae, gymnema extract, chitin chitosan,
sylvestre and polyphenol. These substances are useful for
reinforcing the effects of the diet food of this invention.
[0200] In another embodiment, the diet food may include yoghourt or
a probiotics material derived from yoghourt.
[0201] The yoghourt or the probiotics material derived from
yoghourt included in the diet food is useful for keeping the health
of a person who is on a diet by using the diet food. The probiotics
material means living microbes with properties useful for the
health of humans, and polyamines, that is, the product of the
probiotics material, are known to accelerate the cell protein
synthesis and to have the breeding activity. Owing to the actions
of the polyamines, it is easy to continuously practice the dieting
while retaining the body functions.
[0202] In this embodiment, the probiotics material is sealed within
a capsule or appropriately processed by, for example, pulverizing
through freeze-drying to be added to the diet food. Also, the diet
food may be ingested in a combination with yoghourt or the
like.
[0203] In this invention, the diet food may include at least one of
glutamine, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K,
folic acid, thiamine, riboflavine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin,
biotin, pantothenic acid, .beta.-carotene, linolenic acid,
triglyceride linolenate, triglyceride eicosapentaenate and
triglyceride docosahexaenate.
[0204] The diet food can further include mineral elements or minor
elements, in a pharmacologically allowable form, such as sodium,
potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, copper, zinc,
iron, selenium, selenium chloride, chromium and molybdenum.
[0205] In this invention, the active ingredients of the diet food
are preferably substances derived from natural products.
[0206] The diet food of this invention not only exhibits the
function to improve obesity or an adult disease diathesis but also
keeps a person under calorie control resistant to the catabolism,
and therefore, it is suggested to be useful for improving
cibophobia.
[0207] The invention will now be described by the following
examples:
Example 1
[0208] A sixty-five-year-old female (with a height of 156 cm, a
weight of 85 Kg and a blood pressure of 176/104 mmHg) was made to
ingest the diet food of this invention having the compositions
listed in FIG. 1 for three weeks instead of lunch out of general
breakfast, lunch and supper. In this example, the diet food was in
a liquid form and the intake per meal was 250 ml. It is noted that
the other meals were not controlled at all.
[0209] As a result, the weight of this person was reduced by
approximately 3.5 Kg and the blood pressure was lowered to 154/88
mmHg, and she felt dull headache became improved and her body
lighter as the subjective signs.
Example 2
[0210] Also, a fifty-one-year-old male (with a height of 167 cm and
a weight of 69 Kg) was made to ingest the diet food of this
invention having the compositions listed in FIG. 1 for eight weeks
instead of lunch out of general breakfast, lunch and supper. In
this example, the diet food was in a liquid form and the intake per
meal was 250 ml. It is noted that the other meals were not
controlled at all.
[0211] As a result, the weight of the male was reduced by
approximately 2 Kg in 30 days and by 3 Kg in 60 days as compared
with that weighed before the dieting.
[0212] Furthermore, the male subject was made to ingest the diet
food instead of breakfast and lunch out of general breakfast, lunch
and supper twice a day at 8 a.m. and noon.
[0213] As a result, the weight was further reduced by approximately
2 Kg in 30 days. Accordingly, over the whole dieting period, the
supper was not controlled at all and there was no restriction in
snacks and night snacks, but the weight loss of 5 Kg in total in 90
days was achieved without causing any symptom of malaise or other
complications.
Example 3
[0214] A forty-nine-year-old male having hypertension, diabetes and
adiposis (with a height of 169 cm, a weight of 106.2 Kg, a blood
pressure of 144/93 mmHg with medication and fasting blood sugar of
145 mg/ml) was made to ingest the diet food of this invention
having the compositions listed in FIG. 1 for two weeks as lunch in
combination with calorie-controlled meals of 450 kcal for breakfast
and 510 kcal for supper. In this example, the diet food was in a
liquid form, and the intake per meal was 250 ml.
[0215] As a result, after two weeks, the weight was reduced to 99.8
Kg, the blood pressure was lowered to 115/79 mmHg and the fasting
blood sugar was lowered to 95 mg/ml, and thus, all the measurement
items were remarkably improved. Furthermore, four weeks after, the
weight was reduced to 96.7 Kg, the blood pressure was lowered to
104/74 mmHg and the blood sugar was lowered to 79 mg/ml.
[0216] On the other hand, the serum protein was lowered from 6.7
g/dl to 6.1 through 6.0 g/dl once but was increased to 6.5 g/dl
after four weeks. The serum albumin was also lowered from 3.7 g/dl
to 3.5 through 3.4 g/dl once but was increased to be higher than
the initial value to 3.8 g/dl after four weeks. The cholesterol was
lowered from 165 mg/dl to 150 through 143 mg/dl once but was
increased to 162 mg/dl after four weeks.
[0217] These data reveal that the present diet food can reduce a
weight without causing any reluctance, hunger or malaise and is a
good health food capable of reducing adult disease dispositions
including hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0218] As described so far, the diet food of this invention is
useful for preventing or improving obesity or adult, life-style
related, diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and
hyperlipemia.
* * * * *