U.S. patent application number 11/502351 was filed with the patent office on 2006-12-07 for display input device and display input system.
This patent application is currently assigned to Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba. Invention is credited to Masahiko Akiyama, Tsuyoshi Hioki, Kenichi Kameyama, Isao Mihara, Kazuki Taira.
Application Number | 20060274036 11/502351 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 29714258 |
Filed Date | 2006-12-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060274036 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hioki; Tsuyoshi ; et
al. |
December 7, 2006 |
Display input device and display input system
Abstract
A display input device comprises a display unit having a
flexibility; and a first form change detection unit having a
flexibility. The first form change detection unit is able to detect
a deformation ascribed to the flexibility as a change in a
electrical property. A display input system further comprises a
display driving unit that supplies a display signal to the display
unit and signal judging unit that judges a input data based on the
change in a electrical property in the first form change detection
unit. The input of a first data can be performed by adding the
deformation to the display input device.
Inventors: |
Hioki; Tsuyoshi;
(Kanagawa-ken, JP) ; Akiyama; Masahiko; (Tokyo,
JP) ; Kameyama; Kenichi; (Kanagawa-ken, JP) ;
Taira; Kazuki; (Tokyo, JP) ; Mihara; Isao;
(Tokyo, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
C. IRVIN MCCLELLAND;OBLON, SPIVAK, MCCLELLAND, MAIER & NEUSTADT, P.C.
1940 DUKE STREET
ALEXANDRIA
VA
22314
US
|
Assignee: |
Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
29714258 |
Appl. No.: |
11/502351 |
Filed: |
August 11, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10401584 |
Mar 31, 2003 |
7109967 |
|
|
11502351 |
Aug 11, 2006 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
345/156 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F 3/045 20130101;
G06F 3/0412 20130101; G06F 2203/04102 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
345/156 |
International
Class: |
G09G 5/00 20060101
G09G005/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 29, 2002 |
JP |
2002-093812 |
May 17, 2002 |
JP |
2002-143181 |
Claims
1. A display input system comprising: a flexible sheet-type display
input part, the display input part including: a display unit having
a thin shape and displaying information electronically; and a
geometric change detection unit laminated with the display unit,
having a flexibility, and being able to detect a geometric change
of form of the display unit as a change in an electrical property;
wherein an input of a first data is performed by adding at least
one of bending, rounding, turning over or torsion to the display
input part.
2. A display input system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a control unit that controls contents to be displayed on the
display unit based on the first data.
3. A display input system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a data input unit that receives a second data inputted by a
user.
4. A display input system according to claim 1, wherein the
geometric change detection unit extends around a screen of the
display unit.
5. A display input system according to claim 1, wherein the change
in the electrical property depends on an amount of the geometric
change of form.
6. A display input system according to claim 1, wherein the
geometric change detection unit has a pair of conductive layers and
a perception layer interposed between the conductive layers, the
perception layer being constituted by a layer having an electric
property that changes by at least one of stress and displacement,
and a resistance between the pair of conductive layers changes when
the geometric change of form is added.
7. A display input system according to claim 1, wherein the
geometric change detection unit has a plurality of divided parts,
and each of the divided parts is able to detect the geometric
change of form independently.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is based upon and claims the benefit of
priority from the prior Japanese Patent Application No.
2002-093812, filed on Mar. 29, 2002, and the prior Japanese Patent
Application No. 2002-143181, filed on May 17, 2002; the entire
contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. This
application is a divisional of U.S. Pat. Ser. No. 10/401,584 filed
on Mar. 31, 2003.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates to a display input device and a
display input system, and more particularly, to a display input
device with which data input of not only digital information but
also analog information or vector information become possible by
combining a display unit which has a pliability to form change and
an input part which can detect the form change, and to the data
input system comprising the data input device.
[0003] As an input device which can be combined with a display, a
"touch panel" can be mentioned, for example. Such a device has a
matrix-like signal input mechanism on a display screen, for
example, and enables a signal input by detecting the existence and
its coordinate position of a signal input. That is, a user contacts
an input part corresponding to a button displayed on the display.
Corresponding to this, the device can detect the existence of an
input and the position information.
[0004] By such an input method, although a coordinate position is
detectable, the signal is substantially restricted to binary
signals of ON/OFF. This is because it is not easy for the user to
control the thrust precisely when contacting the input part. For
this reason, in order to input multi-value information or analog
information, it is necessary to combine techniques, such as a
numerical selection type input and a ten-key input, separately, for
example, to obtain an amount of signals corresponding to that
button display position.
[0005] That is, in order to carry out a multi-value input or an
analog value input, in view of a position by the side of a user, it
is necessary to perform selection of an input item, and an input of
an analog value separately. On the other hand, research and
development of a display called electronic paper which combines the
features of paper and an electronic display are performed in recent
years (for example, JP2002-072257A etc.). Although electronic paper
does not attain to commercial production yet, a device of an
experimental production level is seen.
[0006] However, when it is apparatus for which portability is
needed especially, it is desirable that various information can be
inputted by the easiest possible operation from a viewpoint of the
use form. As such a portable device, an "electronic book" to which
development is advanced can be mentioned, for example. In
reproducing contents, such as a novel, a magazine and a newspaper,
using the electronic book, it becomes main operation to turn over
pages or to scroll the display screen. It is also possible to use
the touch-sensitive input method like the conventional example for
this operation. However, in the case of contents like a magazine or
a newspaper, the contents are various and discrete. For this
reason, random access which jumps over several pages or tens pages
will be needed, and a function to input multi-values or an analog
value like the number of pages or the amount of scroll is needed.
However, operationality and portability are restricted when the
conventional ten-key input or a numerical selection type input is
used.
[0007] On the other hand, when displaying information on a large
area like map information, only the part is displayed on a screen
from restrictions of area of a display, or the degree of minuteness
in many cases. In such a case, in order to search a position which
a user wishes to obtain, a scroll function etc. is used. In the
case of apparatus having input devices, such as a mouse and a
pointing device, the analog input of the scroll direction and the
amount of movements can be carried out. However, since a touch
panel is mainly adopted as an input device in the case of apparatus
excellent in portability, it is necessary to input separately the
scroll direction and its amount of movements of a screen.
[0008] Thus, there is no simple method of inputting the amount of
signals as an analog value with a device which combines a
conventional display and a conventional input device. For this
reason, for example, in switching a display over tens pages, both
hands will surely be needed in the case of an input, or many
operations will be required of the user side, and a burden by the
side of a user increases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] According to an embodiment of the invention, there is
provided a display input device comprising: a display unit having a
flexibility; and a first form change detection unit having a
flexibility, and being able to detect a deformation ascribed to the
flexibility as a change in a electrical property.
[0010] According to other embodiment of the invention, there is
provided a display input system comprising: a display input device
including: a display unit having a flexibility; and a first form
change detection unit having a flexibility, and being able to
detect a deformation ascribed to the flexibility as a change in an
electrical property; a display driving unit that supplies a display
signal to the display unit; and a signal judging unit that judges a
input data based on the change in the electrical property in the
first form change detection unit, a input of a first data being
performed by adding the deformation to the display input
device.
[0011] According to other embodiment of the invention, there is
provided a display input system comprising: a display input device
including: a display unit having a flexibility; and a first form
change detection unit having a flexibility, and being able to
detect a deformation ascribed to the flexibility as a change in a
electrical property; a display driving unit that supplies a display
signal to the display unit; and a signal judging unit that judges a
input data based on the change in a electrical property in the
first form change detection unit, wherein the change in the
electrical property corresponds to an amount of the deformation,
the electrical property changes continuously in accordance with the
amount of the deformation, and the signal judging unit converts the
change in the electrical property into a numerical data.
[0012] According to other embodiment of the invention, there is
provided a display input system comprising: a display input device
including: a display unit having a flexibility; a first form change
detection unit having a flexibility, and being able to detect a
deformation ascribed to the flexibility as a change in a electrical
property; and a second form change detection unit laminated with
the form change detection unit, the second form change detection
unit having a flexibility, and being able to detect a deformation
ascribed to the flexibility as a change in a electrical property, a
display driving unit that supplies a display signal to the display
unit; and a signal judging unit that judges a input data based on
the change in a electrical property in the first form change
detection unit, wherein the changes in the electrical property of
the first and second form change detecting units being different
when the deformation is added to the display device, and an input
of a first data that depends on a direction of the deformation is
enabled.
[0013] In the specification the term "deformation" includes form
changes of at least "bending", "rounding", "turning over" and
"torsion".
[0014] According to the invention, based on the completely
different concept from the prior art, the display input device with
which analog data input by easy and intuitive operation can be
offered, and various display input system comprising the same can
be also offered, and thus the merit on industry is great.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] The present invention will be understood more fully from the
detailed description given herebelow and from the accompanying
drawings of the embodiments of the invention. However, the drawings
are not intended to imply limitation of the invention to a specific
embodiment, but are for explanation and understanding only.
[0016] In the drawings:
[0017] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the display input
system according of the embodiment of the invention;
[0018] FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams which illustrate the
fundamental sectional structures of the display input devices of
the embodiment;
[0019] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the principle for
inputting data in an analog fashion in the embodiment;
[0020] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the case where the
bending is added to the initial state 30A to create the final state
30C;
[0021] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a principle for
distinguishing an input by the direction of the bending in the
embodiment;
[0022] FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram which illustrates the
structure of the form change detection unit 30;
[0023] FIGS. 7A and 7B arc schematic diagrams explaining a function
of the perception layer 35 made of a resistance material;
[0024] FIG. 8 is graph which illustrates the response
characteristic of a cell shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B;
[0025] FIGS. 9A through 9C are conceptual diagrams explaining the
states where bending is added to a form change detection unit
30;
[0026] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram which illustrates the circuit
structure of the form change detection unit 30;
[0027] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram which illustrates another
circuit structure of the form change detection unit 30;
[0028] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing another structure of
the form change detection unit 30;
[0029] FIGS. 13 is a schematic diagram which shows a structure
where the form change detection unit 30 is divided;
[0030] FIGS. 14A and 14B are also schematic diagrams showing the
display input devices where the form change detection units 30 are
divided;
[0031] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram which illustrates the display
input device with which two or more form change detection units are
laminated;
[0032] FIG. 16 shows the structure where the analog signal outputs
AS1 and AS2 can be taken out from these form change detection units
30A and 30B, respectively;
[0033] FIG. 17 shows the structure where signal processing of the
analog signal outputs AS1 and AS2 in a processing part SP is
carried out, and an analog output AS and a digital output DS are
obtained;
[0034] FIG. 18 is a schematic sectional diagram showing an example
of a laminated type display input device;
[0035] FIG. 19 shows the structure where analog signal outputs AS1
and AS2 obtained from each of form change detection units 30A and
30B can be processed, and an analog output AS and a digital output
SD can be obtained;
[0036] FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing a display input
device of the example of the invention combined with a touch
panel;
[0037] FIG. 21 shows that the outputs can be separately used;
[0038] FIG. 22 shows that a digital output DS from a touch panel 50
and an analog output AS1 from a form change detection unit 30 can
be processed, and an analog output AS2 can also be obtained;
[0039] FIGS. 23A through 25C are process sectional views showing
the principal parts of the manufacturing process of the liquid
crystal display used in this example;
[0040] FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing the cross-sectional
structure of the display input device of the example;
[0041] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram showing the plane arrangement
relation of the principal part;
[0042] FIG. 28 is a block diagram of the display input system of
the fifth example of the invention;
[0043] FIG. 29 shows an outline view of the display input
system;
[0044] FIG. 30 shows that a user 200 holds the right-hand side of
the display unit 20 (that is, display input system) with the right
hand, adds bending to left-hand side to turn over a page;
[0045] FIG. 31 shows that the user 200 holds the left-hand side of
the display unit 20 (that is, display input system), adds bending
to right-hand side to turn over a page.
[0046] FIG. 32A shows the operation which rolls round the display
unit 20;
[0047] FIG. 32B shows the operation which folds the display unit
20;
[0048] FIG. 33 shows that the upper left portion of the
above-mentioned display unit 20 is turned over just for a moment by
adding the bending;
[0049] FIG. 34 shows that it is possible to perform a handwriting
input using a pen;
[0050] FIG. 35 shows that operation which gathers and shakes a part
of display unit 20 (that is, display input system) is carried
out;
[0051] FIG. 36 shows the display unit 20 having a flex auxiliary
part 400;
[0052] FIG. 37 shows the whole display input system structure of
the sixth example of the invention;
[0053] FIG. 38 shows that the user carries out the turning-over
operation;
[0054] FIG. 39 shows the structure of the display input system of
the seventh example of the invention;
[0055] FIG. 40 is an outline view of the display input system
concerning the example;
[0056] FIG. 41 shows that the page turning over is performed by
bringing the paper to the bottom;
[0057] FIG. 42 is the whole display input system structure figure
concerning the example;
[0058] FIG. 43A shows that the lower part of the display unit 20 is
used for position presentation part 804;
[0059] FIG. 43B shows that the image of accumulation of paper is
displayed on the left-hand side of the display unit 20;
[0060] FIG. 44 shows that the page of actual books is turned
over;
[0061] FIG. 45 shows that the finger slides on the position
presentation part 804;
[0062] FIG. 46A shows that the finger slides on the position
presentation part 804;
[0063] FIG. 46B shows that the quantity of vibration is changed
according to the position of a page where a user 200 touches;
[0064] FIG. 47 shows the whole display input system structure of
the example;
[0065] FIG. 48 is a plane view which illustrates the arrangement
relation of the display unit;
[0066] FIG. 49A shows the early stage of having begun to read the
book;
[0067] FIG. 49B shows that the left page side is becoming
heavier;
[0068] FIG. 50 is a plane view which illustrates the display unit
50 in the display input system of this modification;
[0069] FIGS. 51A and 51B are conceptual diagrams showing the whole
display input system structure concerning this example;
[0070] FIGS. 52A through 54 are schematic diagrams showing the
operation;
[0071] FIGS. 55A and 55B are schematic diagrams showing another
display input system concerning the invention;
[0072] FIGS. 56A through 58 are conceptual diagrams showing the
operating procedure;
[0073] FIGS. 59A and 59B are schematic diagrams showing the display
input system concerning the example;
[0074] FIGS. 60A and 60B are conceptual diagrams showing the
operating procedure;
[0075] FIGS. 61A and 61B are schematic diagrams showing the display
input system concerning the example;
[0076] FIGS. 62A through 63 are conceptual diagrams showing the
operating procedure;
[0077] FIGS. 64A and 64B are schematic diagrams showing the display
input system concerning the example;
[0078] FIG. 65 shows that while pushing the first data input part
50A and adding the bending, the user inclines the whole device;
[0079] FIGS. 66A and 66B are schematic diagrams showing the display
input system concerning the example; and
[0080] FIG. 67 shows that page turning over of the up-and-down
direction can be performed by making equipment 10 incline forward
and backward.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0081] Hereafter, some embodiments of the invention will be
explained in detail referring to the drawings.
[0082] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the display input
system according of the embodiment of the invention. That is, the
display input system of this embodiment has the display input
device 10 and the drive judging unit 12.
[0083] The display input device 10 has the structure where the
display unit 20 and the form change input part 30 are laminated. It
is possible to use various kinds of methods such as a liquid
crystal, EL (electroluminescence) and ECD (electrochromic device),
for example, as the displaying method of the display unit 20.
[0084] On the other hand, the form change detection unit 30 has a
structure where a perception layer whose resistance changes with
the stress impressed is interposed between a pair of electrode
layers, for example. If a deformation is added to a display input
device 10 which has pliability, the form change detection unit 30
can detect such deformation as change of the electric
characteristic. As such a form change, "bending", "rounding",
"turning over", "torsion", etc. can be mentioned, for example. In
the specification, these form changes will be simply called
"bending".
[0085] The display unit 20 and a form change detection unit 30 may
share some of their parts, as will be explained in full detail
later. Alternatively, the form change detection unit 30 may be
incorporated into the display unit 20. Or, the display unit 20 may
be incorporated into the form change detection unit 30. On the
other hand, as for the display unit 20 and the form change
detection unit 30, those whole parts do not need to be laminated
completely.
[0086] The form change detection unit 30 may be laminated only on a
part of display unit 20, as will be explained later with reference
to FIG. 14, for example. Alternatively, the display unit 20 and the
form change detection unit 30 may not be laminated, but they may be
arranged adjacently, as will be explained later with reference to
FIG. 51, for example.
[0087] The drive judging unit 12 has the display drive unit 120 and
fi the signal judging unit 130. The display drive unit 120 has the
role to output a display signal IS to the display unit 20, and a
predetermined picture is displayed on the display unit 20. On the
other hand, the signal judging unit 130 judges the inputted
information based on the signal received from the form change
detection unit 30. These display drive unit 120 and a signal
judging unit 130 may be integrated in the display input devices 10,
or they may be provided in the exterior of the display input device
10 as the separate elements.
[0088] The display unit 20 and the form change detection unit 30
have a flexibility in "bending". In the embodiment, a stress is
impressed to the display input device 10 and a deformation such as
"bending" B is created in order to input a predetermined data.
Then, the form change detection unit 30 detects the "bending" B and
the signal about the direction and amount of stress is outputted.
That is, an analog output AS corresponding to the quantity of the
"bending" is given.
[0089] A signal judging unit 130 judges the inputted data. The
signal judging unit 130 may also change this analog signal AS to a
signal, such as a voltage signal, suitable for an output to
external apparatus.
[0090] The place where bending B is added may be an image
displaying area of the display units 20 (not shown), or may be
domains other than an image displaying area. If the detection of
bending B is enabled in an image display area, various forms of
data input in conjunction with an image display and a position of
data input will become possible, as will be explained in more
detail later.
[0091] A place where bending B is added may be near the center of a
display input device. Alternatively, a bending which covers the
whole display input device 10 and makes it in a shape of a concave
or a convex may be added.
[0092] If a substrate which consists of organic material, such as a
plastic film, is used as a support substrate of the display unit 20
and the form change detection unit 30, not only improvement in a
weight saving or impact resistance, but also an excellent
flexibility in "bending" can be obtained. That is, it becomes easy
to create bending into the form change detection unit 30 by
impressing stress from the outside. A user can hold the display
input device 10 with one hand or both hands, and can arbitrarily
adjust the position, the condition and the area to add the
bending.
[0093] For example, it is as the following when a user holds a
display input device 10 of the shape of a film of A4 size with the
left hand. That is, the user can add the bending near the upper end
on the left-hand side of the film, or he can add the bending near
the lower end. Moreover, he can adjust the conditions such as the
power to create the bending, curvature of the bending, speed and
acceleration to create the bending. Thus, he can input a data in an
analog fashion.
[0094] These information is detected by the electric signal
transformation of the form change detection unit 30, and signal
processing is carried out in a signal judging unit 130. As the
result, information which the user inputted with the left hand is
judged.
[0095] FIGS. 2A and 23 are schematic diagrams which illustrate the
fundamental sectional structures of the display input devices of
the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2A, the form change detection unit
30 can be made to laminate to the back side of the display unit
20.
[0096] When reflective-liquid-crystal mode is adopted for the
display unit 20, it becomes unnecessary for a form change detection
unit 30 to have optical transparency. Therefore, the form change
detection unit 30 can be formed by opaque materials.
[0097] On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2B, the form change
detection unit 30 may be laminated on the front side of the display
unit 20. In this case, it is needed for the form change detection
unit 30 to have predetermined transparency so that the display of
the display unit 20 may not be interrupted.
[0098] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the principle for
inputting data in an analog fashion in the embodiment. That is,
this figure is a perspective diagram showing a corner of the
display input device of the embodiment.
[0099] When bending is not added, the display input device (form
change detection unit 30) shall be substantially in a flat state
30A. Then, a certain stress is added in a downward direction as
shown by the arrow -a, a predetermined quantity of bending is added
to form the state 30B. On the other hand, if a larger stress is
added in a downward direction as shown by the arrow -b, a larger
bending is added to form the state 30C. In the embodiment,
analog-information can be input by using the deformation quantity
of the bending, the area of the bending, of those products, for
example.
[0100] On the other hand in the invention, analog input can also be
possible according to the speed or acceleration of the bending,
apart from the deformation quantity of the bending.
[0101] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the case where the
bending is added to the initial state 30A to create the final state
30C. In this case, according to speed with which the bending is
added, the amount of inputs of information can be changed. For
example, when the bending is added slowly (arrow -b1), the amount
of inputs can be made smaller and, when bending is added fast
(arrow -b2), the amount of inputs can be made larger. Here, speed
or acceleration of the bending can be determined by measuring the
time dependence of the amount of the deformation.
[0102] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a principle for
distinguishing an input by the direction of the bending in the
embodiment. That is, this figure is also a perspective diagram
showing the co4ner of the display input device of the
embodiment.
[0103] As illustrated in this figure, when adding the bending to
the corner of the display input device 10 from the flat state
(30A), the user can bend in the direction of arrow +a, i.e. the
upward direction (30B), and can bend in a direction of arrow -a,
i.e. the downward direction (30C). And in these status, according
to the direction of the bending, the sign of the input data can be
distinguished. Alternatively, the range of the input data can be
extended, or the kinds of the data can be increased according to
the direction of the bending.
[0104] For example, when bent in the direction of arrow +a, the
input data may be determined to be plus, and when bent in the
direction of arrow -a, the input data may be determined to be
minus. In both cases, the absolute value of the input data can be
determined according to the deformation quantity of the
bending.
[0105] Alternatively, a range of the data which the user can
arbitrarily select may correspond to the range between the state
30B and the state 30C.
[0106] Alternatively, when a user bends in the direction of arrow
+a, a first data range may be chosen, and when the user bends in
the direction of arrow -a, a second data range different from the
first data range may be chosen.
[0107] In order to identify the direction of the bending, two
sheets of the form detection parts 30 can be laminated, as will be
explained in more detail later.
[0108] In a case where two or more form change detection units 30
are laminated and bending is added, the curvature, the stress, and
the displacement may differ between each of the form change
detection units 30. Therefore, the direction of the bending can be
determined by detecting a difference of these parameters between
upper and lower form change detection units 30.
[0109] FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram which illustrates the
structure of the form change detection unit 30. That is, the
electrode patterns 33 and 34 are formed in the inner surface of a
pair of substrates 31 and 32 which have flexibility, respectively.
And the perception layer 35 is provided between these electrode
patterns. The perception layer 35 is a layer which has the
character that an electric property changes by at least one of
stress and displacement. Using this character, stress or
displacement impressed in each area divided in the form of a matrix
with upper and lower electrode patterns 33 and 34 can be
detected.
[0110] As the substrates 31 and 32, plates or films which consist
of resin which has flexibility can be used. As electrode patterns
33 and 34, metal or a conductive material is suitably formed by
methods, such as printing, plating, sputtering, and vacuum
deposition, and then it is suitably puttered.
[0111] As a perception layer 35, an organic material of resistance,
the charge of non-equipments, a semiconducting material, etc. can
be chosen suitably, and can be used, for example. Or a
piezoelectric material and a dielectric material may be used. As a
material of resistance, polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) or fluid-like
polyvinyl alcohol may be used. Alternatively, the pair of electrode
patterns can be hold with a predetermined distance therebetween
without filling the space.
[0112] The perception layer 35 does not need to be provided for
every division area of the matrix. Instead, the perception layer 35
may be continuously formed between the substrates 31 and 32 without
dividing. For example, when forming the perception layer 35 with a
resistance film, generally compared with a lengthwise direction
(the direction of thickness), resistance along a lateral direction
(the direction parallel to the surface of a substrate 31) is far
high. For this reason, leakage along the lateral direction can be
neglected. Therefore, the perception layer 35 can be formed
continuously between the substrates 31 and 32 without dividing.
[0113] FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic diagrams explaining a function
of the perception layer 35 made of a resistance material. That is,
as illustrated in FIG. 7A, when the perception layer 35 of
resistance is provided via the electrode which is not illustrated
among substrates 31 and 32, this cell is electrically equivalent to
the variable resistor as shown in FIG. 7B. And the amount of
resistance changes depending on the stress (pressure) P impressed
in the direction of thickness of the perception layer 35.
[0114] FIG. 8 is graph which illustrates the response
characteristic of a cell shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B. That is, the
horizontal axis of this figure expresses stress impressed in the
direction of thickness of a perception layer 35, and the vertical
axis expresses current which flows where constant voltage is
impressed among electrodes 33 and 34, respectively. Thus, if
compressive stress is impressed to a perception layer 35, current
between electrodes will increase and resistance will decrease. By
detecting such a resistance change, the quantity of the stress or
the displacement can be detected. By investigating time
differentiation of such resistance change, the speed or
acceleration of the bending can be determined as mentioned with
reference to FIG. 4.
[0115] In FIG. 8, although the case where current changes
continuously depending on the quantity of stress or deformation is
illustrated, the invention is not limited to this. For example,
even if the quantity of the stress and displacement changes
continuously, physical properties may change discretely. Such a
discrete response may happen depending on the physical properties
of the perception layer 35. In the specification, such a discrete
response is also included in a term "analog".
[0116] FIGS. 9A through 9C are conceptual diagrams explaining the
states where bending is added to a form change detection unit 30.
Namely, as shown in FIG. 9A, in a state with a flat form change
detection unit 30, each of the divided parts of the perception
layer 35 provided in the shape of a matrix is uniform.
[0117] On the other hand, if the bending is added as shown in FIG.
9B, stress will be added to the perception layer 35A of a
deformation portion, and physical properties, such as resistance,
changes locally. By detecting such a local change, the bending can
be dete
[0118] For example, in a portion to which the bending is added,
when compression stress of the direction of thickness is added to
perception layer 35A made of a resistance material, resistance
between electrodes decreases as shown in FIG. 8. Since this amount
of decrease has the correlation with the amount of the deformation,
the part of the perception layer 35A with the largest amount of
deformation shows reduction of strongest resistance among the
perception layer 35A.
[0119] And as shown in FIG. 9C, when still larger bending is added,
the deformed part expands and larger part of the perception layer
35A comes to show change in resistance. The amount of change which
the deformed part of the perception layer 35A shows also becomes
larger.
[0120] Thus, amount of the bending is quantitatively detectable
with the number of the divided parts and/or amount of resistance
change of the perception layer 35 at the deformed part. A speed or
acceleration of the bending which was mentioned above with
reference to FIG. 4 can also be obtained by investigating time
differentiation of change of the physical-properties value of the
perception layer 35.
[0121] In the invention, the perception layer 35 may give so-called
"digital" response. That is, the amount of physical properties of
the perception layer 35 may change discretely, if stress or
displacement more than a certain level is given. As the response
characteristic of the perception layer 35, binary reaction may be
shown to one threshold, or multi-valued response may be shown
according to the stress level.
[0122] Alternatively, in order not to detect a very small change at
the time of operation as a signal, signals under a certain fixed
amount may not be regarded as a signal input, and signals more than
this limit may be outputted as an inputted analog signal.
[0123] When such a perception layer 35 is used, as shown in FIG. 9,
according to the amount of the bending, the number of changing
perception layers 35 differs. That is, a signal from a form change
detection unit 30 which totaled the detected change turns into a
signal which is not continuous but discrete, even when the amount
of the bending is changed continuously.
[0124] In the specification, such a case is also included in the
term of "analog" input.
[0125] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram which illustrates the circuit
structure of the form change detection unit 30. Namely, in the case
of this example, each of the electrodes 33 and 34 wired in the
shape of an in-every-direction matrix can be switched by the
scanning circuits 33S and 34S for every electrode line. That is, a
scanning of the upper and lower electrode lines is enabled one by
one. As a result, it becomes possible to detect the part to which
the stress is impressed, and to detect the amount of change and
change speed quantitatively.
[0126] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram which illustrates another
circuit structure of the form change detection unit 30. That is, in
the case of this example, common connection of each of electrodes
33 and 34 is made. And voltage is impressed between electrodes by
source V of voltage, and current therethrough can be measured.
Thus, when common connection of each of the electrodes 33 and 34 is
made, it is difficult to detect the position of the bending added
to a form change detection unit 30. However, it becomes easy to
detect the quantity of the bending and the speed or acceleration
thereof quantitatively. Since it is not necessary to provide the
scanning circuits 33S and 34S which are shown in FIG. 10 to the
circumference of electrodes 33 and 34, it becomes very easy to form
the form change detection unit 30 on a substrate such as the form
of a film.
[0127] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing another structure of
the form change detection unit 30. In this example, the electrodes
33 and 34 which constitute a form change detection unit 30 are
formed continuously on the whole surface of the substrates 33 and
34. That is, puttering of the electrodes 33 and 34 does not have to
be carried out, and they may not necessarily be formed in the shape
of a stripe etc. And a perception layer 35 may be continuously
inserted among such whole surface electrodes 33 and 34.
[0128] That is, in a the invention, a form change detection unit 30
may need to detect only amount or change speed of the bending, and
may not need to detect the position thereof. In such a case,
so-called matrix structure is not necessarily employed in the form
change detection unit 30.
[0129] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram which shows a structure where
the form change detection unit 30 is divided. That is, in the case
of this example, the form change detection unit 30 consists of four
divided parts 30A-30D. Each of these divided parts may have a
structure where common connection of each of upper and lower
electrodes 33 and 34 is made as illustrated in FIG. 11. Or each of
these divided parts may have a structure where electrodes 33 and 34
and the perception layer 35 are not puttered as shown in FIG.
12.
[0130] When a form change detection unit of structure of FIG. 11 or
12 is adopted, it is difficult to pinpoint a position of the
bending within each of the divided parts 30A-30D. However, since it
is detectable to which divided part the bending is added, it may be
practically enough in many cases.
[0131] For example, four kinds of selection information can be
suitably displayed on a display unit 20 corresponding to the
divided parts 30A-30D. And a user can add bending to any one of the
upper right corner, the lower right corner, the upper left corner,
the lower left corner of the display input device 10(20) according
to the four kinds of selection information. Thus, any one of four
kinds of data items can be chosen, and it becomes possible to input
data in an analog fashion according to amount or changing speed of
the bending. Further, it becomes possible to input data of a
different item by adding the bending to two or more corners
simultaneously.
[0132] When such a function is applied to scrolling, various kinds
of games, etc. of a screen, very comfortable operationality is
acquired. For example, a display area currently displayed on a
display unit 20 can be scrolled in the arbitrary directions at
arbitrary quantity or speed by adding the bending of a
predetermined quantity or predetermined speed to at least any one
of the divided parts 30A-30D. Or it becomes possible to input
simply the move direction, the amount of movements, or movement
speed of a character, such as a person, vehicles, and an airplane
which are displayed on a screen.
[0133] FIG. 13 only shows one specific example of the invention.
The arrangement, the shape and the number of the divided parts of
the form change detection unit 30 can be suitably determined
according to an application, the purpose, etc. For example, the
number of divided parts is not limited to four, but can be divided
into two or more arbitrary numbers.
[0134] FIGS. 14A and 14B are also schematic diagrams showing the
display input devices where the form change detection units 30 are
divided. However, in the cases of these examples, the form change
detection units 30 do not cover the whole surface of a device
10.
[0135] That is, in an example shown in FIG. 14A, four divided parts
30A-30D are provided only near the four corners of the display
input device 10, and the form change detection unit 30 is not
provided near the center. When the positions to which bending for
data input is added can be limited to the corners of the device,
form change detection units 30A-30D may be provided only near four
corners in this way.
[0136] When the form change detection unit 30 is provided only on a
part of the display input device 10, the remaining part of the
display input device 10 may not need to have flexibility. That is,
only the portions in which form change detection units 30A-30D are
provided must have flexibility over bending among display input
devices 10, and remaining part may be made mechanically more rigid.
For this purpose, a reinforcement object of the shape of a plate
with high strength can be provided. Thus, bending can be added only
to the form change detection unit at four corners while maintaining
the center part of the screen in a flat state.
[0137] On the other hand, as illustrated in FIG. 14B, the form
change detection unit 30 may be provided only near the center of
the display input device 10. That is, when adding the bending only
near the center of the device, the form change detection unit 30
may be restrictively provided near the center in this way. In this
case, a user may give the bending only near the center locally, or
the whole device may be deformed in a convex or a concave
fashion.
[0138] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram which illustrates the display
input device with which two or more form change detection units are
laminated. That is, in the case of this example, the form change
detection units 30A and 30B are laminated by the upper and lower
sides of the display unit 20, respectively. Each of these form
change detection units 30A and 30B may consist of two or more
divided parts, as shown in FIGS. 13 through 14B.
[0139] As illustrated in FIG. 16, the analog signal outputs AS1 and
AS2 can be taken out from these form change detection units 30A and
30B, respectively. Detection sensitivity to the bending of the
display input device 10 can be made higher by adding these analog
signal outputs AS1 and AS2, for example, and using them.
[0140] As illustrated in FIG. 17, it is also possible to carry out
signal processing of these analog signal outputs AS1 and AS2 in a
processing part SP, and to obtain an analog output AS and a digital
output DS. For example, as mentioned above with reference to FIG.
5, a difference in curvatures, displacements or stresses of upper
and lower form change detection units 30A and 30B can be detected
in order to determine the direction of the bending. That is, when
the display input devices 10 is bent in a frontward or backward
direction, curvature, displacement or stress may become larger in
the inner side than in the outer side in many cases.
[0141] Therefore, it can be judged by measuring analog signal
outputs AS1 and AS2 whether the bending is added to which
direction. Information about this direction can be acquired as a
digital output DS. For example, in a case where the bending is
added frontward (upward), "1" may be output, and in a case where
the bending is added backward (downward), "0" may be output. And
the analog output may be determined according to the amount of the
bending.
[0142] A digital output DS in this case may be used as data which
expresses the sign, i.e. plus and minus, or specifies other
choices. Such a data can be combined with the analog data AS.
[0143] FIG. 18 is a schematic sectional diagram showing an example
of a laminated type display input device. That is, in the case of
this example, two form change detection units 30A and 30B are
laminated only at the surface side or the back side of the display
unit 20. When these form change detection units 30A and 30B are
provided in the back side, an advantage of not barring a display of
a display unit 20 even if the opaque material is used for the parts
30A and 30B is acquired.
[0144] As illustrated in FIG. 19, also in this example, analog
signal outputs AS1 and AS2 obtained from each of form change
detection units 30A and 30B can be processed, and an analog output
AS and a digital output SD can be obtained. Since details of these
outputs may be the same as that of what was mentioned above with
reference to FIG. 17, the detailed explanation is omitted.
[0145] FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing a display input
device of the example of the invention combined with a touch panel.
That is, in the case of this example, a touch panel 50 is provided
in the surface side of a display unit 20, and a form change
detection unit 30 is provided in the back side. The touch panel 50
may have a structure where two or more switching elements are
arranged in a matrix fashion. And a digital signal output DS that
shows whether which switch element is set to ON (or OFF) is given.
On the other hand, a form change detection unit 30 on the back side
gives an analog signal output AS, as mentioned above with reference
to FIGS. 1 through 19.
[0146] These outputs can be separately used, respectively, as
illustrated in FIG. 21. For example, when a user turns a
predetermined switching element of a touch panel 50 ON, it becomes
possible to carry out data input in an analog fashion, then the
user adds the bending to the display input device.
[0147] Alternatively, a user may choose type of data with the touch
panel, then adds a bending to input the amount of the data.
[0148] In these cases, it is not necessary to perform
simultaneously an input to these touch panels 50, and an input by
bending to a form change detection unit 30.
[0149] On the other hand, as illustrated in FIG. 22, a digital
output DS from a touch panel 50 and an analog output AS1 from a
form change detection unit 30 can be processed, and an analog
output AS2 can also be obtained. In this case, a digital output DS
from a touch panel 50 may be used in order to give a sign (plus or
minus) to an analog output AS1.
[0150] Or a digital output DS from the touch panel 50 may also be
used as a multiple (or a divisor) to the analog output AS1. That
is, an analog output AS2 is obtained by multiplying an analog
output AS1 by a multiple assigned to the switching element
according to whether which switching element of the touch panel 50
is set to ON. If a choice of the multiples by the touch panel 50
are set up broadly, it is possible to obtain a very wide range
analog output AS2.
[0151] In FIGS. 20 through 22, although structures where the touch
panel SO, the display unit 20, and the form change detection unit
30 are laminated in this order are illustrated, the invention is
not limited to these specific examples. In addition, a structure
where the touch panel SO, the form change detection unit 30, and
the display unit 20 are laminated in this order, or a structure
where the form change detection unit 30, the touch panel 50, and
the display unit 20 are laminated in this order are also possible
in the invention.
[0152] Further, the touch panel 50 may be provided in the back side
of the device as seen from the user. For example, in the case where
a user holds the display input device by both hands or one hand and
carries out a touch input with a finger by the side of the back, a
structure where the form change detection unit 20, the display unit
30, and the touch panel 50 are laminated in this order, or a
structure where the display unit 30, the form change detection unit
20, and the touch panel 50 are laminated in this order as seen from
the user may be also employed.
[0153] In the above, some examples of basic structure of the
display of the invention were explained, referring to FIGS. 1
through 22.
[0154] Hereafter, the embodiment of the invention will be explained
in more detail referring to examples.
FIRST EXAMPLE
[0155] First, a display input device of structure shown in FIG. 1
was manufactured as the first example of the invention. A liquid
crystal display formed on a flexible substrate as a display unit 20
was formed. And an analog input device which has a perception layer
which consists of resistance material was formed as a form change
detection unit 30.
[0156] It is necessary to obtain flexibility for adding bending to
the periphery part of the liquid crystal display. Therefore, in
order to reduce the number of the outgoing electrodes, a liquid
crystal display using a poly-silicon thin-film transistor was
formed, where a part of the driver (drive circuit) can be
introduced into a display unit 20. Hereafter, the structure of this
liquid crystal display will be explained, referring to the
manufacturing step.
[0157] FIGS. 23A through 25C are process sectional views showing
the principal parts of the manufacturing process of the liquid
crystal display used in this example.
[0158] First, on a fully washed non-alkali glass substrate 51, a
silicon oxide film or a silicon nitride film 52 used as a under
coat layer for preventing alkali ingredient elution from a glass
substrate was deposited using a plasma excited metal-organic
chemical vapor phase deposition method (the PEMOCVD method) by
using trimethyl aluminum for source material.
[0159] Next, after growing an amorphous-like silicon film using the
PECVD method, an excimer laser using KrF, for example, was
irradiated to melt the film momentarily then it was crystallized
into a polycrystalline state.
[0160] Next, element separation of a polycrystalline silicon layer
was performed using a photo-etching process using the reactant ion
etching method (the RIE method) by fluoride gas, and island
structure 53 was formed (FIG. 23A).
[0161] Next, a silicon oxide film or a silicon nitride fin used as
an insulating film 54 for gate was formed using the plasma
excitation chemistry gaseous phase depositing method (the PECVD
method), for example. And metal film, such as Mo, W, Ta, or their
alloy, was deposited on the insulating film using a sputtering
method, for example.
[0162] Then, a gate electrode 55 and the gate wirings were formed
by using a method of selectively removing the metal film of a
portion on which photoresist mask is not formed (FIG. 23B).
[0163] Next, in order to form a junction of the thin-film
transistor, impurity was introduced into the semiconductor layer
(FIG. 23C). In this example, phosphorus (P) was used as the
impurity. At this time, by having used a gate electrode 55 as a
mask, phosphorus was introduced so that ion concentration might
become about 10.sup.22 cm.sup.-3 by an ion doping method, and a
heat-treatment was performed in order to activate the introduced
phosphorus (P).
[0164] Next, a silicon oxide film or a silicon nitride film which
became an interlayer insulation film 56 was formed by an
atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition method (the APCVD
method). Then, through holes for obtaining contacts between
source/drain electrodes and the semiconductor layer via the
interlayer insulation film 56 and the gate insulating film 54 were
formed using a photography etching process (FIG. 23D).
[0165] Next, by using metals such as Mo, Ta, W, Al and Ni, or their
alloys, metal film or laminated structure was formed by the
sputtering method, for example. And the source electrode 57, signal
wirings, and the drain electrode 58 were formed using a photography
etching process like the gate electrode formation (FIG. 23E).
[0166] And the pixel electrodes (not shown) were formed so that
they might connect with the sauce electrodes 57. In these series of
formation process of thin-film transistor and the wiring, a heat
process which exceeds 500 degrees C. might be employed. However,
the non-alkali glass substrate 51 used in this example can be used
satisfactory, for the formation of active-matrix structure.
[0167] Next, a process which transfers this active-matrix substrate
to a substrate with flexibility, such as a plastic substrate, was
started.
[0168] That is, a tentative support layer 61 was formed by applying
an adhesive on the surface of the work without a crevice. As the
adhesive, for example the ones which is resistant to
hydrofluoric-acid, and whose adhesive strength becomes weaker if
ultraviolet-rays light is irradiated, can be used.
[0169] Next, the fluoride resin sheet 62 was provided on the
tentative support layer 61 (FIG. 24B). The resin sheet 62 is
resistant to hydrofluoric-acid, and a coating was carried out on
the adhesion side of the resin sheet 62 for improving the
adhesiveness to an organic material.
[0170] Next, this laminated structure was ground from the back side
of the non-alkali glass substrate 51 to a thickness of about 0.1 mm
using slurry and by adjusting the roughness of the slurry.
Furthermore, it was dipped in the solvent of a hydrofluoric-acid,
and the non-alkali glass substrate 63 was etched to the thickness
of about 30 micrometers (FIG. 24C).
[0171] At this time, after a glass substrate 51 becomes thin, it is
desirable to adjust the etching rate by adding ammonium etc. And
after fully washing, the adhesive layer 64 was formed all over the
etched side of the non-alkali glass substrate 51.
[0172] The adhesive excellent in adhesion nature was used as a
material of the adhesive layer 64.
[0173] Then, a polyetheramide resin (PES) film of about 0.1 mm in
thickness was pasted up on the back side of the adhesive layer 64
as a support substrate 65 by using a lamination technology (FIG.
25A)
[0174] In this example, although the PES substrate was used as the
support substrate 65, other plastic substrates etc. can also be
used in the invention. For example, the Inventors have checked that
it was possible to use the polyethylene terephthalate resin film
(PET) of 0.1 mm in thickness.
[0175] Then, the ultraviolet-rays light (UV) was irradiated from
the resin sheet 62 side, and processing which weakens the adhesive
strength of tentative support layer 61 was performed (FIG.
25B).
[0176] And the resin sheet 62 used as a support substrate was
removed slowly, and the active-matrix layer surface, such as the
interlayer insulation film layer 56, was exposed (FIG. 25C). Since
the ingredient of tentative support layer 63 might remain at this
time, it was washed using organic solvents, such as isopropanol,
and the clean surface was exposed.
[0177] Then, a liquid crystal was filled between the active-matrix
substrate with the flexibility fabricated in this way, and an
opposite substrate, and the liquid crystal display was
completed.
[0178] The opposite substrate may be a film on which a transparent
conductive layer, such as indium tin oxide is coated.
[0179] Next, the form change detection unit 30 was manufactured.
Transparent conduction film, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), was
formed on the surface of the polyethylene terephthalate resin film
(PET) of 0.05 mmt, and the conduction film was patterned in a shape
of a matrix. The analog form change detection unit was formed by
making these substrates counter, and by providing
polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) between these substrates.
[0180] And the form change detection unit 30 was pasted up on the
liquid crystal display.
[0181] In the conventional touch panel, in order to perform
position detection, the mechanism to detect every matrix point is
added. On the other hand, in this example, since analog detection
of the amount of current between two films which counter is carried
out, the structure where the matrix points are connected can be
employed. That is, every one electrode by which common connection
was made for each film, respectively can be pulled out.
[0182] The liquid crystal display with which this analog input
mechanism was added has flexibility as a display input device. For
example, stress can be impressed to the form change detection unit
30 by bending one end of four corners. And since the electric
conductivity between the films changes in the portion which
received this stress, current becomes being easy to flow as
compared with a flat state. The amount of current increases as the
stress of the bending becomes larger. Similarly, the amount of
current increases as the bending area becomes larger. Therefore, a
user can control the amount of current which flows between films in
an analog fashion by adding a bending to the display input
device.
SECOND EXAMPLE
[0183] Next, the laminated type display input device illustrated in
FIG. 15 was manufactured as the second example of the invention.
That is, in this example, a liquid crystal display formed on the
flexible substrate was used as the display unit 20. And the form
change detection units 30A and 30B were given to both sides of the
display unit 20, in order to enable the analog input and the signal
input of the directivity.
[0184] When performing an analog input using the flexibility of a
display input device, the case where the display surface side
becomes concave, and the case where the display surface side
becomes convex can be intentionally distinguished.
[0185] For example, when contents like a magazine are being seen,
the display surface side may be made into concave to return to a
former page from the page currently opened, and the display surface
side may be made into a convex to progress to a latter page. Thus,
the user's intention can be reflected by giving a bending
stress.
[0186] Since the structure and the manufacturing method of a liquid
crystal display which were used as a display unit 20 in this
example are the same as that of what was mentioned above as the 1st
example, the detailed explanation is omitted.
[0187] As form change detection units 30A and 30B, the polyethylene
terephthalate resin (PET) films of 0.05 mmt were used like the
first example. That is, a transparent electric conduction film,
such as indium tin oxide (ITO), was formed on these films, and
patterning was carried out into the shape of a matrix. Then,
opposite arrangement of these films was carried out, and sensitive
resin has been provided between them.
[0188] And these form change detection units 30A and 30B were
pasted up on the both sides of liquid crystal display, i.e.,
display unit side, and opposite side of it, respectively.
[0189] The display input device of this example also has
flexibility as well as the first example. For example, stress is
added to the form change detection units 30A and 30B by bending one
end of the four corners. And in the portion which received stress,
since the electric conductivity between the films increases, as
compared with a flat state, current becomes easy to flow. The
amount of current increases as the stress of the bending becomes
larger. Similarly, the amount of current increases as the bending
area becomes larger. Therefore, a user can control the amount of
current which flows between films in an analog fashion by adding a
bending to the display input device.
[0190] Furthermore, in this example, the form change detection
units 30A and 30B are added to both sides of the display unit 20.
When performing an analog input using the flexibility of a display
input device, the case where the display surface side becomes
concave, and the case where the display surface side becomes convex
can be intentionally distinguished.
[0191] For example, when a display input device is bent so that a
display surface may become as an inner side, curvature differs
between the form change detection unit 30A added to the display
surface side, and the form change detection unit 30B added outside,
therefore, the stress applied to each perception layer differs. As
the result, the current values detected in the form change
detection units 30A and 30B differ. Therefore, detection of the
bending direction is attained by taking the difference of the
output signals from the double-sided form change detection units
30A and 30B.
[0192] For example, when a magazine is considered as contents and a
reader goes to the following interesting page from a current page,
he may jump to the latter page or former page over a number of
pages. In the case of the display input device of this example, the
reader may forward to the latter page by bending the device in a
convex fashion, and the reader may return to the former page by
bending the device in a concave fashion.
[0193] Moreover, the amount of jump of the pages may be input by
the amount of the bending in an analog fashion.
THIRD EXAMPLE
[0194] Next, as this third example of the invention, as illustrated
in FIG. 20, the display input device which has the touch panel 50
in the surface side of the display unit 20 which has flexibility,
and the form change detection unit 30 in the back side is
explained.
[0195] In the display input device mentioned above as the 1st
example, although it is possible to input an analog signal, when
the item of the data to be inputted includes a large number, there
is the necessity to provide a selection means separately. For
example, in a case where a user views the contents like a map by
scrolling the screen, it is necessary to give separately the data
about a direction of the scroll, such as north, south, east and
west directions, in addition to the amount of the scroll. In this
case, the data about the direction can be inputted by choosing a
switch element in the touch panel 50 on the side of the display
surface. At the same time, the data about migration length (the
amount of scroll) can be inputted by the amount of bending given to
the form change detection unit 30.
[0196] Since it is the same as that of what also mentioned above
the structure and the manufacture method of a liquid crystal
display which were used as a display unit 20 in this example as the
first example, the detailed explanation is omitted.
[0197] As form change detection units 30A and 30B, the polyethylene
terephthalate resin (PET) films of 0.05 mmt were used like the
first example. That is, a transparent electric conduction film,
such as indium tin oxide (ITO), was formed on these films, and
patterning was carried out into the shape of a matrix. Then,
opposite arrangement of these films was carried out, and sensitive
resin has been provided between them.
[0198] As touch panel 50, the polyethylene terephthalate resin
(PET) films of 0.05 mmt were used like the first example. That is,
a transparent electric conduction film, such as indium tin oxide
(ITO), was formed on these films, and patterning was carried out
into the shape of a matrix. Then, opposite arrangement of these
films was carried out, and sensitive resin has been provided
between them. However, the resistance of a cell for every matrix of
an electric conduction film was able to be detected in a touch
panel 50.
[0199] In the display input device of this example, determination
of the necessity for an analog input is possible. That is, a needed
function can be chosen by the touch panel 50 on the side of a
display surface, and the amount of analogs can be inputted by the
form change detection unit 30 on the side of the display back.
[0200] For example, when a magazine is considered as contents and a
reader goes to the following interesting page from a current page,
he may jump to the latter page or former page over a number of
pages. In the case of the display input device of this example, the
touch button which chooses former pages or latter pages as a
display surface inner side may be set up, and the analog input of
the number of pages may be attained by the bending given to the
form change detection unit 30.
FOURTH EXAMPLE
[0201] Next, the display input device which incorporated the form
change detection unit 30 into the display unit 20 will be explained
as the fourth example of the invention.
[0202] FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing the cross-sectional
structure of the display input device of this example.
[0203] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram showing the plane arrangement
relation of the principal part.
[0204] In the case of this example, the form change detection unit
30 is included in the opposite substrate of a liquid crystal
display. That is, the indium tin film formed in the opposite
substrate 70 in the shape of a stripe is formed, and it is formed
as the electrode layer 71. Then, the polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF)
layer 72 is uniformly formed thereon. Furthermore, on it, an indium
tin film is formed in the shape of stripes so that they may
intersect perpendicularly with the electrode layer 71, and it is
formed as the electrode layer 73.
[0205] The electrode layer 71 and the electrode layer 73 which are
located on both sides of the PVDF layer 72 constitute the form
change detection unit 30.
[0206] Furthermore, an interlayer insulation film 74 is formed
using an acrylic resin etc. At this time, in order to suppress a
coupling capacity between the opposite electrode 75 and an
electrode 73 etc., the interlayer insulation film 74 is needed to
have a sufficient film quality.
[0207] On the other hand, on the support substrate 79, the pixel
electrode 78 and a thin film transistor 77 are formed, and the
liquid crystal layer 76 is filled between the support substrate 79
and the opposite substrate.
[0208] In addition, in order not to affect the display performance
of a liquid crystal display, the electrode layer 71 and the
electrode layer 73 were formed in form which covers the pixel
electrode 78. That is, as illustrated in FIG. 27, the electrode 71
and the electrode 73 arc formed with the stripe larger than the
width of the pixel electrode 78.
[0209] In addition, in this example, in order to prevent the
deformation of a substrate and film peeling by the stress to the
electrode layer 71 and the electrode layer 73, stripe form is
employed. However, in the form change detection unit 30, it is not
a necessary to form the indium tin oxide films (71, 73) in a shape
of stripe. Moreover, in this example, PVDF 72 is used as a
resistance film. However, it will not be limited to especially this
material and any material which can be used as a resistance film
may be employed as well.
[0210] Moreover, in this example, although the form change
detection unit 30 was included in the opposite substrate, it may be
included in the support substrate on which the thin film transistor
is formed, for example.
FIFTH EXAMPLE
[0211] Next, the example of the display input system using the
display input device of the invention as the fifth example of the
invention will be explained.
[0212] FIG. 28 is a block diagram of the display input system of
the fifth example of the invention, and FIG. 29 shows an outline
view of the display input system. The display input device of this
example has the display unit 20, the geometric change detection
unit 300, the data input part 50, the control unit 12, the memory
unit 500, and the communication unit 600.
[0213] The display unit 20 has flexibility, has a thin shape like
paper and displays information electronically.
[0214] The geometric change detection unit 300 detects a geometric
change of form change of the display unit 20, posture change, etc.
The data input part 50 acquires the position and the contents which
the user 200 inputted by using a finger, a pen, etc. on the display
unit 20.
[0215] The control unit 12 controls the contents of a display of
the display unit 20 based on the geometric change information which
were distinguished in the geometric change detection unit 300
and/or the input information acquired in the data input part 50.
The memory unit 500 holds information.
[0216] The communication unit 600 communicates with external
cooperation apparatus 1000.
[0217] As shown in FIG. 29, this display input system is a
flexibility sheet as a whole, and this display input system has the
structure where the circuit part 900 which collected the control
unit 12, the memory unit 500 and the communication unit 600,
various wiring, etc. was formed in the edge of the side end where
stress is not added.
[0218] Arrangement of each part in FIG. 29 is an example to the
last, and the invention is not limited to this specific
example.
[0219] First, the display unit 20 will be explained. The display
unit 20 has a thin shape and a light weight like paper, and can
display a character, a figure, a picture, etc. electronically. The
display unit 20 is preferably constituted by the component which
can be bent and spread freely like paper.
[0220] The display unit 20 may be realized using the material
specifically called "electronic paper (or flexible display)"
generally. "Electronic paper" is a next-generation display medium
which has the advantages of paper and an electronic display. This
"electronic paper" is realized by using various kinds of
technology, such as for example:
[0221] (1) control of the molecular arrangement by the cholesteric
(chiral-nematic) liquid crystal, the ferroelectric liquid crystal,
a polymer dispersed liquid crystal, etc.,
[0222] (2) Color material movement using electric migration
etc.,
[0223] (3) Chemical changes, such as leuco dye,
[0224] (4) EL (electroluminescence), and
[0225] (5) ECD (electrochromic device).
[0226] There are the following features in "electronic paper"
[0227] (1) Power Supply is Unnecessary to Maintenance of Display
(or it is Very Maintainable by Low Power Consumption).
[0228] (2) It is Rewritable.
[0229] (3) It Has Thin Shape like Paper.
[0230] Moreover, like paper, it can be bent freely, and can be
spread.
[0231] The display unit 20 may be constituted using a material and
realization technology other than this, as long as it has the same
feature.
[0232] On the other hand, the form change detection unit 30 detects
form change of the display unit 20 produced by deformation such as
bending, rounding, turning over, pulling, and twisting, which a
user performs to the display unit 20. The form change detection
unit 30 is constituted by two or more sensors arranged on the back
of the display unit 20, as will be explained in full detail
later.
[0233] The form change detection unit 30 identifies the form change
using the sensing result obtained from the plurality of sensors. A
bending sensor can usually detect displacement and curvature with a
single degree of freedom by change of the resistance which is a
sensor output. By arranging these sensors in a matrix fashion on
the back of the display unit 20, bending and spreading can be
detected all over the display unit 20.
[0234] The sensing method explained above is an example, and the
invention is not limited to this. For example, the "shape sensor"
may be used as well. This is a sensor using the phenomenon in which
the amount of light penetration intensity changes, when the fiber
is bent or spread, and thus, displacement, curvature, acceleration,
etc. are detectable.
[0235] Moreover, the arrangement of the sensors is not restricted
in the matrix fashion. The arrangement can be freely changed
according to form change to acquire. For example, when the portion
where the form change needs to be detected is restricted, what is
necessary is not to arrange a sensor all over the back of the
display unit 20, and to arrange only in a required portion.
Moreover, if there is a portion where the curvature of deformation
needs to be detected precisely, the portion may be covered by the
sensors more densely.
[0236] On the other hand, the posture change detection unit 40
detects posture change of the display unit 20. A user 200 performs
this posture change to the display unit 20. For example, posture
change arises by operations such as, to move hands while holding
the equipment 20, to lift the equipment 20, and to shake the
equipment 20.
[0237] The posture change detection unit 40 may be constituted by
two or more acceleration sensors, a gyroscope sensor, etc. which
were provided on the back (and/or, other parts of the apparatus) of
the above-mentioned display unit 20. Posture change is identified
using the sensing result obtained from those sensors. Thereby, the
posture of the equipment at the time of the user 200 holding
equipment and the change of state of the equipment produced by
action which the user 200 is performing to equipment are
detectable. The posture change is, for example, such as, "the
right-hand side of apparatus being raised", and "equipment being
shaken at right and left."
[0238] This invention is not limited to these form change detection
unit 30 and the posture change detection unit 40. It is also
possible to add suitably other detection pans which can acquire
geometric changes other than form change and posture change.
[0239] Next, the data input part 50 will be explained. The data
input part 50 is for acquiring the position and the contents which
the user 200 inputted by a finger, a pen, etc. on the display unit
20. The data input part 50 is constituted by a transparent touch
panel arranged on the display unit 20, for example. Thereby, the
part where the user 200 is touching the above-mentioned display
unit 20 with the finger is detectable. Moreover, it is possible to
acquire the locus of the nib of the pen which the user 200 holds.
That is, the data input part 50 has the same role as the touch
panel 50 which was mentioned above about FIGS. 20 through 22.
[0240] The data input part 50 is not limited to a touch panel. For
example, an ultrasonic wave etc. may send from the circuit part 900
arranged at the side edge part of said display unit 20 as shown in
FIG. 29, and by detecting again the reflective wave which has
reflected and returned to the finger of a hand etc. in the circuit
part 900, thus, the data input part 50 may be constituted so that
the input position may be detected. Or two or more microphones
detect the ultrasonic wave sent, using the pen which sends an
ultrasonic wave, and the position of a pen may be calculated busing
the principle of triangulation.
[0241] It is also possible to generate a magnetic field on the
display unit 20, and to compute a position from magnetic field
change produced by the finger and pen on the display unit 20. It
can also use combining these methods suitably. The other sensing
technology may also be used.
[0242] Next, the memory unit 500 will be explained. The memory unit
500 is for storing various kinds of information, such as the
contents for displaying on the display unit 20, and an internal
state of the display input system. The memory unit 500 is typically
constituted using semiconductor memory. The memory unit 500 may be
able to be removed from the display input system in this example.
In this case, ii is desirable to use the semiconductor memory
medium of the existing standards, such as a memory stick,
SmartMedia, CompactFlash, and SD card. When the memory unit 500 is
made removable, this memory unit 500 can be connected to the
apparatus which is outside, and data can be outputted and inputted
in the memory unit 500.
[0243] Next, the communication unit 600 will be explained. The
communication unit 600 is for communicating with external
cooperation apparatus 1000. The communication unit 600 communicates
with external cooperation apparatus 1000 using the
wireless-communications means such as Bluetooth.
[0244] Thereby, various communications, such as an input of the
data from external cooperation apparatus 1000 to the display input
system in this example, an output of the data from the display
input system in this example to external cooperation apparatus
1000, transmission of the control information from the control unit
12 to the external cooperation apparatus 1000 mentioned later, and
reception of the control information on the control unit 12 later
mentioned from external cooperation apparatus 1000, are
attained.
[0245] In addition, a means of communication is not limited to
Bluetooth. It is possible to use the wireless LAN specified to
IEEE802.11a/b/g etc., and infrared transmission, RF communication
and other wireless-communications systems. By using wireless
communications, the information machines and equipment of this
example are not restrained by external apparatus with a cable.
Therefore, the feeling to walk around with paper freely can be
obtained.
[0246] Although it is desirable to use a wireless-communications
means as for the communication unit 600, cable-communications
means, such as serial communication, may also be used. In this
case, when not communicating with external cooperation apparatus
1000, it is desirable to make the communication unit the structure
removable from the display input system. By carrying out like this,
it is not restrained by external apparatus other than the time of
communication, but can usually carry around freely at the time of
use.
[0247] Finally, the control unit 12 will be explained. Control unit
12 has the following functions (FIG. 28):
[0248] (1) Control the contents of a display of the display unit 20
based on the geometric change information which is distinguished in
the geometric change detection unit 300 and/or the input acquired
in the input acquisition part 3.
[0249] (2) Control reading and writing of the data stored in the
memory unit 500.
[0250] (3) Control the contents of communication in the
communication unit 600, a communication method, timing, etc.
[0251] (4) In addition, control predetermined operation of a
display input system.
[0252] According to the display input system of this example, a
user 200 can operate it by giving deformation of form and change of
a posture to the display unit 20. Moreover, a user 200 can operate
a display input system, combining a motion of a finger, a pen
input, etc. suitably.
[0253] Next, some examples about operation realized by the display
input system in this example will be explained. First, the example
where the display input system in this example is applied as an
Electronic Book leader terminal is explained.
[0254] Suppose that a certain page of a novel is now displayed on
the display unit 20. In this case, as shown in FIG. 30, when a user
200 holds the right-hand side of the display unit 20 (that is,
display input system) with the right hand, adds bending to
left-hand side to turn over a page, then the contents currently
displayed on the display unit 20 are advanced by 1 page. On the
contrary, as shown in FIG. 31, when the user 200 holds the
left-hand side of the display unit 20 (that is, display input
system), adds bending to right-hand side to turn over a page, the
contents currently displayed on the display unit 20 are returned by
1 page. Thus, the user 200 has a feeling to turn over a book of
paper, when he operates the display input system.
[0255] The position currently held by hand and the position of the
hand which tries to turn over a page are detected by the data input
part 50. Moreover, posture change and the deformation state added
by the page turning-over operation to the display input system in
that case are detected by the geometric change detection unit 300.
When detected from these detection results that "The right-hand
side of the display unit 20 (that is, display input system) is held
with the right hand, and operation which turns over left-hand side
is carried out", the data of the following page currently held at
the above-mentioned memory unit 500 is acquired through the
above-mentioned control unit 12, and the contents of a display of
the above-mentioned display unit 20 are updated.
[0256] If a matrix structure which was illustrated in FIG. 10, and
divided type structure which was illustrated in FIG. 13 and Pig. 14
are adopted as a form change detection unit 30, it is also
detectable to which portion bending is added.
[0257] In the conventional display input system, the page skip etc.
had to be operated using the button etc. On the other hand, in the
display input system of this example, a user can operate it with
the feeling as if he is operating a real paper medium (such as a
novel). According to the embodiment, those who have not touched a
computer machine also lose his uncomfortable feeling to operation
of the display input system, and everyone can operate the display
input system intuitively. As mentioned above with reference to FIG.
4, the amount of progress of pages can also be changed according to
the speed or acceleration of the action to add the bending. That
is, when bending is added quickly, the amount of progress of pages
is enlarged, and when bending is added slowly, the amount of
progress of pages can be lessened. Thus, very intuitive operation
can be attained.
[0258] Above, although the example which realizes page turning over
using the geometric change of the display unit 20 (that is, display
input system) was shown, the invention is not limited to this. For
example, practical use that the power supply of a display input
system will serve as OFF if operation which rolls round the display
unit 20 (that is, display input system) is carried out as shown in
FIG. 32A, or operation which folds the display unit 20 is carried
out as shown in FIG. 32B, and it will be turned on if it is spread
into a plane conversely is also possible.
[0259] As shown in FIG. 33, when the upper left portion of the
above-mentioned display unit 20 is turned over just for a moment by
adding the bending, a menu may be made to be displayed. Further, it
is also good to insert a bookmark when the bending is added to a
part for an upper right portion. Thus, all operations may be
attained with the feeling as if a paper medium is handled.
[0260] Next, the example where the display input system is applied
as an electronic memorandum terminal will be explained. According
to the display input system in this example, as shown in FIG. 34,
it is possible to perform a handwriting input using a pen (what
does not output ink in itself (for example, stylus)).
[0261] The locus of the nib position detected in the data input
part 50 is processed as stroke data in the control unit 12, and the
contents are reproduced by the display unit 20 as it is.
[0262] In this case, as shown in FIG. 35, when operation which
gathers and shakes a part of display unit 20 (that is, display
input system) is carried out, the contents currently displayed on
the display unit 20 may be cleared. Thus, a user 200 can eliminate
the contents intuitively.
[0263] At this time, the position currently held by hand is
detected by the above-mentioned data input part 50, and posture
change of the equipment obtained by operation to shake is detected
by the posture change detection unit 40 provided in the
above-mentioned geometric change detection unit 300. Thus, it is
also possible to perform freely the gesture input of a certain kind
by a user 200 to the display input system.
[0264] Next, the example to which the display input system is
applied as an electronic map viewer will be explained. That is, by
storing map information in the memory unit 500, or by obtaining map
information from the exterior through the communication unit 600,
an electronic map system can be realized by displaying these map
information on the display unit 20.
[0265] Also in this case, as explained with reference to FIGS. 3,
4, 5, 30, 31, or 33, etc., it is possible to scroll the contents of
a display in the predetermined direction, by adding a bending to
any portion of the display input system. For example, as explained
with reference to FIG. 30, when a user 200 adds a bending to
left-hand side of the system, the map displayed on the display unit
20 may be shifted to left-hand side. Moreover, display
magnification may also be changed by adding bending. For example,
operation of expanding a map when bending is added in the shape of
a convex toward a user 200, and on the other hand reducing a map
when bending is added to a concave toward a user 200 is possible.
Furthermore, it becomes still more convenient by combining with the
posture change detection unit 40. For example, if a user 200 puts a
display input system in the predetermined direction, the contents
of a display may scroll in the direction.
[0266] In this case, if such a scroll function always works, the
contents of a display always scroll by an unprepared inclination,
and it is inconvenient. Then, it is good to combine with the data
input by the data input part 50.
[0267] That is, if a user 200 touches the predetermined switch
portion prepared in the display input system, the data input part
50 will detect it and will turn ON a scroll function. A user 200
can scroll the contents of a display towards desired direction by
making a display input system incline in the predetermined
direction in this state. Moreover, at this time, the amount of
scroll (or scroll speed) can also be changed according to the
amount of inclinations.
[0268] For example, when the system is inclined greatly, it scrolls
at high speed, and when the system is inclined slightly, it may
scroll slowly. If the contents of the display unit 20 are scrolled
and a desired map is displayed, a user 200 will lift a hand from a
predetermined switch portion. Then, the data input part 50 detects
this and turns OFF a scroll function.
[0269] In this state, even if the display input system is inclined,
the contents of a display are not scrolled. Thus, undesirable
scroll can be easily prevented.
[0270] As explained above, when this example is applied to an
electronic map viewer, the portion of the request in a vast display
area can be displayed intuitively and quickly by operation of
bending or inclination. The system is not limited to a map, and may
display the portion of a predetermined report quickly out of the
whole newspaper, for example.
[0271] As explained above, it becomes possible by using the display
input system by this example to perform intuitively predetermined
operation of devices, such as ON/OFF of the power supply of a
device, change of the contents of a display, selection of the
contents of operation, and menu operation, with the feeling which
is touching the paper medium using a geometric change of the device
itself and/or the input using the finger and pen of a hand of a
user 200.
MODIFICATION OF THE FIFTH EXAMPLE
[0272] In the above-explained fifth example, the display unit 20 is
made flexible. However, as shown in FIG. 36, the display unit 20
can also use what is not flexible form by newly adding the flex
auxiliary part 400 to the structure of the first embodiment.
[0273] The flex auxiliary part 400 will be explained. The flex
auxiliary part 400 is constituted by a flexible component which can
be bent and can be spread freely like a paper. A user 200 can bend
it instead of the display unit 20. This is arranged near the
display unit 20, and same operation is performed by detecting
modification of the flex auxiliary part 400 in the geometric
modification detection part 2.
[0274] The flex auxiliary part 400 is made by a transparent thin
film, for example, and is placed on the display unit 20. And a user
200 performs modification operation of turning-over operation etc.
to the film on the display unit 20.
[0275] The realization method of the flex auxiliary part 400 is not
limited to this. An opaque thin big film may be attached the
display unit 20, so that the surroundings of the film may project
around the display unit 20, and the film it may be used as the flex
auxiliary part 400. Or the flex auxiliary part 400 may be arranged
in a size equivalent to the display unit 20 beside the display unit
20, and the portion may be used. The structures except these will
also be available to realize the system with the flex auxiliary pan
400.
SIXTH EXAMPLE
[0276] Next, the sixth example of the invention will be
explained.
[0277] FIG. 37 shows the whole display input system structure of
the sixth example of the invention. The display input system of
this example has first display unit 20A and second display unit 20B
which have the same function as the display unit 20 explained with
reference to the fifth example. Moreover, the control unit 12 in
this example can control individually the contents of a display of
first display unit 20A, and the contents of a display of second
display unit 20B based on the input acquired in the data input part
50, respectively. As for the geometric change detection unit 300,
the data input part 50, the control unit 12, the memory unit 500,
and the communication unit 600 may be substantially the same with
the fifth example.
[0278] First display unit 20A and second display unit 20B will be
explained. The first display unit 20A and second display unit 20B
are in a thin shape with lightweight, which can display information
like paper like the display unit 20 explained with reference to the
fifth example, respectively. They are constituted by the component
which can be bent and spread freely like paper. Typically, the
first display unit 20A and second display unit 20B are arranged in
the position of the relation of the both sides of paper,
respectively, as shown in FIG. 38.
[0279] Next, the control unit 12 will be explained. Control unit 12
has the following functions (FIG. 37):
[0280] (1) Control the contents of a display of the first display
unit 20A based on the geometric change information distinguished in
the above-mentioned geometric change detection unit 300, or/and the
input acquired in the above-mentioned data input part 50.
[0281] (2) Control the contents of a display of the first display
unit 20D based on the geometric change information distinguished in
the above-mentioned geometric change detection unit 300, or/and the
input acquired in the above-mentioned data input part 50.
[0282] (3) Control reading and writing of the data stored in the
above-mentioned memory unit 500.
[0283] (4) Control the contents of communication, a communication
system, timing, etc. in the above-mentioned communication unit
600.
[0284] (5) In addition, it is for controlling predetermined
operation of apparatus.
[0285] According to the display input system in this example
explained above, a user 200 can operate the display input system in
this example using deformation of the form of the first display
unit 20A (and also the second display unit 20B, since display unit
20B of the above second is arranged on this back side), or change
of a posture thereof.
[0286] Moreover, a user 200 can operate the display input system in
this example, combining a motion of a finger, a pen input, etc.,
suitably. Furthermore, the user can peep into the information
displayed on the second display unit 20B while referring to the
information currently displayed on the first display unit 20A, by
adding the bending so as to turn over a paper.
[0287] Hereafter, some examples about operation realized by the
display input system will be explained.
[0288] First, the example where the display input system is applied
as an Electronic Book leader terminal will be explained. Suppose
that a certain page of a novel is now displayed on the first
display unit 20A. In this case, suppose that notes were attached to
a word in the novel. Typically, since notes are summarized at the
last of the chapter and are describing in many cases, when a user
is reading a usual book, he must carry out several pages of page
turning-over, and must look for the page to which notes are
summarized.
[0289] In contrast to this, when turning-over operation is instead
performed as shown in FIG. 38, notes are displayed on the portion
of the second display unit 20B according to the invention. Thus,
the display input system in this example can be used with the
feeling as if the user steals the information on the back side of
the paper by which double-sided printing is carried out. Or suppose
the user does not understand a certain word in the text currently
displayed on first display unit 20A. Then he touches the portion
where the word is displayed with his finger, or makes a mark by a
pen. After that, when he carries out the turning-over operation as
shown in FIG. 38, a part of a dictionaries which describes the
meaning of the word is displayed in the portion of the second 2nd
display unit 203.
[0290] Moreover, a translation of the text displayed on the first
display unit 20A may be displayed on the second display unit
20B.
[0291] When turning-over operation is carried out as shown in FIG.
38, it is necessary to display the contents on the second display
unit 9 in upside down. This is because the upper and lower sides of
the display unit which is visible from a user 200 are reversed in
turning-over operation of this direction. In the above-mentioned
control unit 12, such a situation is also taken into
consideration.
[0292] Next, the example where the display input system is applied
as a map display terminal will be explained.
[0293] Now, the address of a place (for example, restaurant) to go
is inputted into the first display unit 20A. Then, if operation
which turns over the bottom is performed as shown in FIG. 38,
service that the inputted map around the address is displayed on
the turning-over portion of the second display unit 20B can be
offered. Moreover, different information may be made to be acquired
when the position to turn over is changed.
[0294] For example, if an upper end is turned over, the
abbreviation map having shown the usual route to a point to go to
may be displayed on the turning-over portion of the second display
unit 20B. Moreover, the menu information or the business status of
the restaurant may be displayed when a right end is turned
over.
[0295] That is, it is possible to change the contents to peep
depending on how to turn over the system.
[0296] Operation of the display input system in this example
explained above is summarized. While a user 200 refers to the
information in the surface of a display input system or inputs
information into the surface by using the display input system in
this example, the pertinent information corresponding to it is
displayed on the back by performing operation accompanied by a
geometric change of the cover input device itself, such as
turning-over operation, and it becomes possible to peep into the
pertinent information on the back.
SEVENTH EXAMPLE
[0297] Next, the seventh example of the invention will be
explained.
[0298] FIG. 39 shows the structure of the display input system of
the seventh example of the invention. FIG. 40 is an outline view of
the display input system concerning this example. The display input
system of this example has two or more input-and-output parts 10a,
10b, . . . . Each of the input-and-output parts 10a, 10b, . . . has
the display unit 20, the geometric change detection unit 300, and
the data input part 50. Moreover, the display input system of this
example has the position change detection unit 700. The position
change detection unit 700 detects the position change of the
input-and-output part 10, and physical relationship between each of
the two or more input-and-output parts 10. Moreover, the display
input system of this example has the control unit 12, the memory
unit 500, and the communication unit 600, as already explained with
reference to the fifth and sixth examples.
[0299] As shown in FIG. 40, the above-mentioned control unit 12,
the memory unit 500, and the communication unit 600 are summarized
to one inside the ring 710 same with having bundled the word book,
and have bundled two or more above-mentioned input-and-output parts
10a, 10b, . . . .
[0300] First, the position change detection unit 700 will be
explained. Usually, in case the word book of paper is operated,
after turning over the paper which exists in the present top and
making it go around along with a ring 710 as shown in FIG. 41, page
turning over is performed by bringing the paper to the bottom. In
case a page is returned, the paper is brought to the top through
the reverse operation, i.e., the bottom paper is moved along with a
ring 710. In case the overlapping portion of the paper is referred
to, overlapping paper is shifted off and the target paper portion
is exposed. The position change detection unit 700 can perform
operation of the same concept as the above for the above-mentioned
input-and-output parts 10a and 10b in this example.
[0301] For example, a sensor is attached to the ring 710 along
which the input-and-output parts 10a, 10b . . . pass. And the
passing action and the relative positional relationship of the
input-and-output parts 10a, 10b, . . . are monitored by the
position change detection unit 700. As the sensor, a combination of
LED and a photodiode may be used. This sensor irradiates
near-infrared light by the LED, and acquires the reflected light by
the photo-diode. Since reflected light does not come on when there
is nothing on the sensor, nothing is acquired in a photo-diode.
[0302] On the other hand, the moment the input-and-output part 10
passed through the sensor top, since the reflected light is
acquired. Moreover, the passage direction, speed, etc. can be known
by measuring the time lag of detection between sensors, using two
or more sensors. Alternatively, discernment tags, such as IR tag,
can be attached to the input-and-output parts 10a, 10b, . . . as
the position change detection unit 700.
[0303] The invention is not limited to these examples. For example,
although the ring 710 was used in the above-mentioned example as a
means to bundle the input-and-output parts 10a, 10b . . . , the
form to bundle is not limited in the shape of a ring.
[0304] Next, the control unit 12 will be explained. Control unit 12
has the following functions (FIG. 39):
[0305] (1) Control the contents of a display of the each of the
above-mentioned input-and-output parts 10a, 10b, . . . based on the
geometric change information acquired as an output from the
input-and-output parts 10a, 10b, . . . input information.
[0306] (2) Control the contents of a display of each of the
input-and-output parts 10a, 10b, . . . based on the detection
result in the position change detection unit 700.
[0307] (3) Control reading and writing of the data stored in the
above-mentioned memory unit 500.
[0308] (4) Control the contents of communication, a communication
system, timing, etc. in the above-mentioned communication unit
600,
[0309] (5) In addition, it is for controlling predetermined
operation of apparatus.
[0310] In addition to the function which was explained with
reference to the fifth and sixth example, the contents of a display
of the each of the input-and-output parts 10a, 10b . . . , based on
the detection result in the above-mentioned position change
detection unit 700. Specifically according to the result of page
turning over detected by the position change detection unit 700,
the display of the input-and-output part which is in the upper part
most now is updated, for example.
[0311] According to the display input system in this example
explained above, a user 200 has the same feeling as the case where
the word book of the paper is operated, and can operate the display
input system in this example. That is, even for persons who do not
know the concept (WIMP metaphor) of the conventional computer, it
becomes possible to operate a display input system intuitively with
the feeling to touch a word book of paper.
MODIFICATION OF THE SEVENTH EXAMPLE
[0312] In the 7th example mentioned above, as shown in FIG. 39, the
geometric change detection unit 300 and the data input part 50 are
provided in the inside of the each of the input-and-output parts
10a, 10b, . . . , respectively. In contrast to this, the control
unit 12 and the memory unit 500 can be shared like the
communication unit 600. That is, detection of a geometric change of
two or more input-and-output parts 10a, 10b, . . . , and
acquisition of input are acquirable with one geometric change
detection unit 300 and the data input part 50.
EIGHTH EXAMPLE
[0313] Next, the 8th example of a the invention will be explained.
FIG. 42 is the whole display input system structure figure
concerning this example. The display input system of this example
has the structure to which the position Management Unit 802, the
position presentation part 804, and the feedback part 806 were
added in the fifth example. The position Management Unit 802
manages the position of the information which is presented to the
display unit 20. The position presentation part 804 has the role
which presents the position that is managed at the position
Management Unit 802.
[0314] The feedback part 806 has the role which feeds back by sound
or vibration, when the above-mentioned position presentation part
804 top is touched by hand etc. Henceforth, the position Management
Unit 802 and the position presentation part 804 and The feedback
part 806 which are added in this example will be explained.
[0315] First, the position Management Unit 802 will be explained.
The position Management Unit 802 manages the position of the
information currently displayed on the display unit 20 now among
all the information that should be displayed on the display unit
20. For example, suppose that the 4th page of the novel which
Consists of 9 pages is displayed on the display unit 20. In this
case, it manages like that number of page is 9, that the present
position is the 4th page, that it is four ninths of the whole,
etc.
[0316] Next, the position presentation part 804 will be explained.
In the position presentation part 804, the position managed at the
above-mentioned position Management Unit 802 is shown on the
above-mentioned display unit 20. As the lower part of the
above-mentioned display unit 20 was used and it was shown in FIG.
43A, the position presentation part 804 expresses a page in the
shape of a tab, and presents it in the form which can imagine
intuitively existence of all the number of pages, the present page
position, and other pages etc. to a user 200. Or as shown in FIG.
43B the image of accumulation of paper (also refer to FIG. 44) may
be displayed on the left-hand side of the display unit 20. Anyway,
in the position presentation part 804, the position of information
currently displayed on the above-mentioned display unit 20, such as
existence of all the number of pages, the present page position,
and other pages, is visually shown to a user 200 by the way a user
200 tends to imagine actual books etc.
[0317] Next, the feedback part 806 will be explained. The feedback
part 806 feeds back by sound or vibration, when the above-mentioned
position presentation part 804 top is touched by hand etc. Thus, a
user 200 can understand intuitively the contents presented by the
above-mentioned position presentation part 804 by the tactile
sense, hearing, etc. Hereafter, although feedback by vibration will
be explained as an example, feedback is not limited to this
specific example.
[0318] In case the page of actual books is turned over, as shown in
FIG. 44, page turning over is usually performed with a clatter by
letting the finger of a hand slide in a part for the end of paper
in many cases. Then, on the finger of a hand, the reader can know
intuitively how many pages were turned over now by tactile feedback
being carried out for every sheet by friction at the time of a page
passing by turning-over operation. The feedback part 806 is for
introducing this feeling into the paper type electric device of
this example.
[0319] Vibration is generated, when it lets the finger of a hand
slide on the above-mentioned position presentation part 804 and
passes through the page boundary top which the above-mentioned
position presentation part 804 shows, as specifically shown in FIG.
45. It is effective, if the quantity of vibration is changed
according to the position of a page where a user 200 touches as
expressed in FIGS. 46A and 46B. For example, when the finger of a
hand is in a boundary of page 1 and 2, the page position
corresponding to a position with the finger of a hand can be
intuitively known now by giving a gradually big vibration as this
page position increases in number a small vibration. Moreover, the
distance from the present page to the page corresponding to a
position of the finger can be intuitively known by enlarging
vibration as the finger goes away from the present page.
[0320] And when the finger is lifted, the page corresponding to the
position is displayed in the display unit 20. Thus, it becomes
possible to perform page turning over simply intuitively.
[0321] According to the display input system in this example
explained above, a user 200 can change the position of the
information having the feeling same with turning over a real book
with his finger. When the display input system in these examples,
such as an electronic book leader, is applied, the finger of the
user can be used and, specifically, the page turning over can be
performed. In this case, feedback of vibration etc. can also be
obtained with the feeling same with being obtained from actual
books. Thereby, even if it is those who do not know the concept
(WIMP metaphor) of the conventional computer, it becomes possible
to operate a display input system intuitively with the feeling
which touches the books of paper.
NINTH EXAMPLE
[0322] Next, the 9th example of the invention will be
explained.
[0323] FIG. 47 shows the whole display input system structure of
the example. The display input system of this example has a first
display unit 20A and a second display unit 20B instead of the
display unit 20 explained about the fifth example, which have the
same function. The control unit 12 in this example can control
individually the contents of a display of the first display unit
20A, and the contents of a display of the second display unit 20B
based on the input acquired in the data input part 50,
respectively.
[0324] Furthermore, the position Management Unit 820 which manages
the position of the information which is presented to the first
display unit 20A and the second display unit 20B is added. Further,
the weight proportioning control unit 822 which controls weight
distribution of the first display unit 20A and the second display
unit 20B based on the position managed at the above-mentioned
position Management Unit 820 is added.
[0325] As for the geometric change detection unit 300, the data
input part 50, the control unit 12, the memory unit 500, and the
communication unit 600, the function thereof may be substantially
the same as the fifth example.
[0326] First, the first display unit 20A and the second display
unit 20B will be explained.
[0327] FIG. 48 is a plane view which illustrates the arrangement
relation of these display unit. Although 1st display unit 20A and
2nd display unit 20B are the same as that of what was explained
about the sixth example, the physical relationship arranged
differs. That is, typically, the first display unit 20A and the
second display unit 20B are arranged like two pages of the spread
of books in the position of a relation on either side.
[0328] Next, the position Management Unit 820 will be explained.
The position Management Unit 820 manages the position of the
information currently displayed on the first display unit 20A and
the second display unit 208 like what was mentioned above about the
eighth example.
[0329] Next, the weight proportioning control unit 822 will be
explained. The weight proportioning control unit 822 controls
weight distribution of the first display unit 20A, and the second
display unit 20B based on the position managed at the
above-mentioned position Management Unit 820. For example, a
spherical weight which can move over both the first display unit
20A and the second display unit 20B is provided, and by controlling
the position of the weight, the weight distribution in the first
display unit 20A and the second display unit 20B can be changed.
The above-explained method is just a one example, the invention is
not limited to this.
[0330] By change of the weight distribution explained above, it
becomes possible to control the weight distribution, for example,
so as to make the first display unit 20A side heavier by a
predetermined ratio than the second display unit 20B side etc.
[0331] As shown in FIG. 49, the situation where actual books are
read is considered. As shown in FIG. 49A, in the early stage of
having begun to read the book, since there is less number of pages
in a left page side, the left page side lighter, and the right page
side is heavier. On the contrary, if the document of books is being
read, the left page side is becoming heavier, and the right page
side is becoming lighter, as shown in FIG. 49B. Thus, when reading
books, the reader intuitively feels that the weight distribution is
changing. When reading a novel, the reader intuitively feels the
change of the weight distribution in addition to visual information
that the number of pages to go becomes fewer. Moreover, in case
predetermined information is accessed in a dictionary etc., weight
distribution of the right and left is felt intuitive, and it is
thought that the user feels unconsciously "the left page must have
been heavier surely."
[0332] Thus, weight change of books is also considered to be one of
the important information for accessing information intuitively by
the user 200. The display input system in this example gives the
user 200 the feeling of this weight change intuitively. According
to the display input system in this example explained above, a user
200 can know intuitively the position of the information which the
user 200 has currently accessed by a change of the weight
distribution between the first and the second display units.
MODIFICATION OF NINTH EXAMPLE
[0333] In the ninth example, the system is constituted from the
first display unit 205 and the second display unit 206 which have
been arranged like two pages of the spread of a book at right and
left. It can be also changed so that the system may consist of only
one display unit 20 which was explained with reference to the fifth
example.
[0334] FIG. 50 is a plane view which illustrates the display unit
50 in the display input system of this modification. In this case,
what is necessary is to divide the display area of the
above-mentioned display unit 20 into two regions, and just to
display altogether the information for 2 pages in the display unit
20. And what is necessary is just to make it control by the
above-mentioned weight proportioning control unit 822 to change the
weight distribution in the above-mentioned display unit 20.
THE TENTH EXAMPLE
[0335] Next, the tenth example of the invention will be
explained.
[0336] FIG. 51 is a conceptual diagram showing the whole display
input system structure concerning this example.
[0337] FIGS. 52 through 54 are schematic diagrams showing the
operation. The display input device 10 of this example also has the
display unit 20 and the form change detection unit 30. However, the
form change detection unit 30 does not necessarily cover the whole
area of the display unit 20, and is alternatively prepared below
the display unit 20. This form change detection Unit 30 has the
role which detects the bending added to the display input device
10, and changes a display. Furthermore, the device has the first
and second data input parts 50A and 50B.
[0338] The first data input part 50A is used in order to control
ON/OFF of a display change function. The second data input part 50B
is used in order to choose a state after a display change. The
display input system of this example has the size of A4, for
example, at which a document can be checked at a glance.
[0339] A user 200 can operate a button with the thumb, supporting
across the lower central part of the display input device 10.
Although not expressed in FIGS. 51 and 52, this display input
device 10 may also have the control unit 12, the memory unit 500,
the communication unit 600, etc. if needed. The first and second
data input parts 50A and 50B may be suitably provided in any other
positions in order to improve the user-friendliness.
[0340] Pushing first data input part 50A, the user 200 makes it
change into the order expressed in FIGS. 52A and 52B and 52A, and
bends the display input device 10 temporarily. This bending is
detected by the form change detection unit 30.
[0341] Then, the contents of the display unit 20 are changed to one
of the contents which are expressed in FIGS. 53A through 53D. For
example, FIG. 52A expresses the state where choice A becomes
active, and FIG. 52B shows the state where choice B becomes active.
As expressed in FIGS. 52A and 52B, an active choice can be switched
by the operation of adding bending temporarily.
[0342] In FIGS. 53A through 53D, the case where four choices A
through D are prepared is illustrated for the sake of simplicity.
However, the invention is not limited to this. The number of
choices, and arrangement and the display appearance at the time of
active may be suitably changed.
[0343] By repeating the operation of adding bending temporarily as
expressed in FIGS. 52A and 52B, a menu is scrolled and a desired
choice is activated. Then, as expressed in FIG. 54, the choice
activated can be chosen by pushing the second data input part 50B.
It is possible to perform all the above operations by a single
hand. The device can manage a hierarchical type menu by providing
many stages.
[0344] According to this example, an operation mistake is
avoidable, since the input by the bending is possible only while
pushing the first data input part 50A.
[0345] Then, an active choice can be selected by pushing the second
data input part 50B. That is, it can be operated with rough feeling
at the time of menu scrolling, without caring about a button
position. And the choice is selected more consciously. Here, after
adding the bending as shown in FIG. 52B, in the state where it
returned to the flat condition as shown in FIG. 52A, the whole
equipment may bend lightly.
[0346] If the device is bent lightly around the longer axis of the
display unit 20 and deformation is lightly added as illustrated in
FIG. 52B, a bending deformation around a direction perpendicular to
this may be prevented.
[0347] Thus, operation is stabilized when the First and second data
input parts 50A and 50B are pushed.
ELEVENTH EXAMPLE
[0348] Next, the 11th example of the invention will be
explained.
[0349] FIGS. 55A and B are schematic diagrams showing another
display input system concerning the invention.
[0350] FIGS. 56A through 58 are conceptual diagrams showing the
operating procedure. That is, the display input device 10 of this
example has the similar structure as the tenth example. However,
the touch panel is provided as second data input part 50B.
Touch-panel 50B is laminated on the display unit 20, and it is used
in order to determine the activated choice.
[0351] In this example, the user 200 holds the device by his one
hand and adds a temporal bending, while pushing the first data
input part 50A, as shown in FIGS. 56A and 56B. Whenever he adds the
bending, either of choices A through D becomes active in order. For
example, FIG. 57A expresses the state where choice A is activated,
and FIG. 57B expresses the state where choice B is activated. Thus,
choices A through D on a menu bar is scrolled in order by repeating
the operation of bending the display input device 10 temporarily.
And after activating the desired choice, the small item in the
choice is chosen by the directions means 210, as expressed in FIG.
58. That is, he inputs into touch-panel 50B.
[0352] The directions means 210 is not limited to a pen type
stylus, but the user may touch the display directly with a finger.
An eyeshot detection system may be employed instead of the touch
panel.
[0353] Since the greater part of a series of operations can be
performed by a single hand, its operationality under the
environment where both hands always do not open, such as the time
of use in a vehicles, a bus or a train where a shake is intense,
improves.
TWENTIETH EXAMPLE
[0354] Next, the twentieth example of the invention will be
explained.
[0355] FIGS. 59A and 59B are schematic diagrams showing the display
input system concerning this example.
[0356] FIGS. 60A and 60B are conceptual diagrams showing the
operating procedure. The display input device 10 of this example
has a size settled in a palm, and the form change detection unit 30
and the data input part 50 of a jog wheel type are provided.
[0357] The data input part 50 serves both as the ON/OFF change of
detection of a bending, and a selection button. That is, while
pushing the data input part 50, an input function by bending is
turned ON. Moreover, an active choice can also be selected by
pushing the data input part 50.
[0358] On the other hand, scrolling of a selection item or a
display screen can be performed by rotating the wheel of the data
input part 50. In the drawings, the case where the jog wheel-like
data input part 50 is operated with the thumb is illustrated, while
holding and supporting in the left palm. However, the device may be
made to be operated on a right palm of the user.
[0359] Pushing the data input pan 50 in the state holding by a
single hand, the user 200 changes the menu display by bending the
display input device 10 temporarily in the order of FIGS. 60A, 60B
and 60A. Then, either of the choices is activated by rotating the
wheel of the data input part 50. Then, the choice activated can be
selected by pushing the data input part 50.
THIRTEENTH EXAMPLE
[0360] Next, the thirteenth example of the invention will be
explained.
[0361] FIGS. 61A and 61B are schematic diagrams showing the display
input system concerning this example.
[0362] FIGS. 62A through 63 are conceptual diagrams showing the
operating procedure. The display input device 10 of this example is
an equipment of size settled in a palm, as well as the twentieth
example And the first data input part 50A is prepared in the side
of equipment, and the second data input part 50B is prepared in the
back of equipment.
[0363] The first data input part 50A is the ON/OFF switch for the
bending detection function. The second data input part 50B is a
button type switch for selecting a final state. These switches can
be pushed and operated with a respectively different finger. The
second data input part 50B may not be a mere pressing button but a
button which has directivity in the pressing direction, a jog dial,
a jog wheel, a tracking pad, etc.
[0364] A user 200 holds the device in one hand, and while pushing
the first data input part 50A, changes the contents of the display
unit 20 by adding temporary bending to the display input device 10,
as shown in FIGS. 62A and 62B. For example, choices A through D
which are shown in FIG. 63 are activated in order whenever bending
is added to the device.
[0365] FIG. 63 illustrates the state where choice B is activated.
In this state, an active choice can be selected by pushing the
second data input part 50B.
FOURTEENTH EXAMPLE
[0366] Next, the fourteenth example of the invention will be
explained.
[0367] FIGS. 64A and 64B are schematic diagrams showing the display
input system concerning this example. The display input device 10
of this example has the posture change detection unit 40 On both
sides of the upper end.
[0368] This display input device 10 can be used as an electronic
viewer which can peruse the books contents for example, covering
many pages at high speed. Under the display unit 20, first data
input part 50A and second data input part 50B are provided. The
form change detection unit 30 is provided in the inside.
[0369] Pushing the first data input part 50A, the user 200 is
adding temporary bending to the display input device 10, as
illustrated in FIG. 64B, then he can perform page turning-over
operation. Moreover, in this way, while pushing the first data
input part 50A and adding the bending, the user inclines the whole
device as shown in FIG. 65A. Then, the posture change detection
unit 40 detects this inclination, and pages are turned over from
the right to the left in the display unit 20.
[0370] Alternatively, if the whole device is conversely inclined as
shown in FIG. 65B, pages will be turned over from the left to the
right. The posture change detection unit 40 may detect the absolute
value of all inclination, or may detect the speed or acceleration
of an inclination. Moreover, one posture change detection unit 40
may be provided. However, when an acceleration sensor etc. is used
as a posture change detection unit 40, it becomes possible to
detect the inclination of a horizontal direction by high
sensitivity, by preparing then in right and left of equipment 10,
respectively.
[0371] Gradual operation from under a threshold value (page
turning-over stop) to the high-speed page turning-over mode of
exceeding maximum value is possible according to the level of the
detection signal acquired from the posture change detection unit
40. Moreover, if the button of 1st data input part 50A is detached,
the page turning over operation can be compulsorily stopped, so
that it can change from high-speed page turning-over mode to a halt
condition instantly.
[0372] Moreover, operation selection of contents exchange etc. can
be performed by using the second data input part 50B.
FIFTEENTH EXAMPLE
[0373] Next, the fifteenth example of the invention will be
explained.
[0374] FIG. 66 is a schematic diagram showing the display input
system concerning this example. In the display input device 10 of
this example, the position of the posture change detection unit 40
in the fourteenth example is changed. In this example, as expressed
in FIG. 67, page turning over (operation similar to crying out in a
block-calendar) of the up-and-down direction can be performed by
making equipment 10 incline forward and backward. The other
operation methods can be made to be the same as that of the
fourteenth example etc.
[0375] Moreover, the posture change detection unit 40 may detect
the absolute value of an inclination, or may detect the speed or
acceleration of an inclination also in this example. One posture
change detection unit 40 may provided. However, when an
acceleration sensor etc. is used as a posture change detection unit
40, it becomes possible to detect the inclination of a vertical
direction by high sensitivity, by preparing then in upper and lower
sides of equipment 10, respectively.
[0376] In the above, some embodiments of the invention were
explained, referring to examples. However, the invention is not
limited to these examples.
[0377] For example, as for the form, structure, material, size,
conducting type, etc. of the each element thereof may be changed by
a killed person, and these modifications would be included in the
invention.
[0378] For example, the semiconductor layer used in the invention
can also be formed by amorphous silicon, i.e., the silicon of
non-crystalline nature.
[0379] It is also possible to realize various processing used by
the embodiment of the invention by the program which can be
executed by computer, and to memorize and provide with this program
the storage medium which can be read by computer.
[0380] As a memory unit in the invention, a magnetic disk, a floppy
disk, a hard disk, optical discs (CD-ROM, CD-R, DVD, etc.),
magneto-optical discs (MO etc.), semiconductor memory, etc. can
memorize a program, and as long as it is the memory unit which a
computer or an inclusion system can read, it would be included in
the invention.
[0381] While the present invention has been disclosed in terms of
the embodiment in order to facilitate better understanding thereof,
it should be appreciated that the invention can be embodied in
various ways without departing from the principle of the invention.
Therefore, the invention should be understood to include all
possible embodiments and modification to the shown embodiments
which can be embodied without departing from the principle of the
invention as set forth in the appended claims.
* * * * *