U.S. patent application number 11/499419 was filed with the patent office on 2006-11-30 for method for simultaneously recording motion and still images in a digital camera.
Invention is credited to Thomas N. Berarducci, William M. Jackson, Rajan L. Joshi, Alexander C. Loui, Kenneth A. Parulski.
Application Number | 20060268117 11/499419 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36974523 |
Filed Date | 2006-11-30 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060268117 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Loui; Alexander C. ; et
al. |
November 30, 2006 |
Method for simultaneously recording motion and still images in a
digital camera
Abstract
A method for simultaneously recording motion and still images,
includes the steps of: capturing a motion image sequence and
accompanying audio of a scene with a digital video camera adapted
to record both motion and higher resolution still images;
simultaneously capturing a still image sequence having a higher
resolution and lower frame rate than the motion capture sequence;
compressing the motion image sequence using interframe compression
and the accompanying audio and storing the compressed motion image
and audio data; and compressing the still images using intraframe
coding and storing the compressed still image data.
Inventors: |
Loui; Alexander C.;
(Penfield, NY) ; Parulski; Kenneth A.; (Rochester,
NY) ; Berarducci; Thomas N.; (Webster, NY) ;
Jackson; William M.; (Victor, NY) ; Joshi; Rajan
L.; (Pittsford, NY) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Pamela R. Crocker;Patent Legal Staff
Eastman Kodak Company
343 State Street
Rochester
NY
14650-2201
US
|
Family ID: |
36974523 |
Appl. No.: |
11/499419 |
Filed: |
August 4, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09685998 |
Oct 11, 2000 |
7110025 |
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11499419 |
Aug 4, 2006 |
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09606513 |
Jun 29, 2000 |
6937273 |
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09685998 |
Oct 11, 2000 |
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08864403 |
May 28, 1997 |
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09606513 |
Jun 29, 2000 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
348/220.1 ;
348/231.99; 386/E5.072 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04N 5/77 20130101; H04N
21/44029 20130101; H04N 19/182 20141101; H04N 5/23245 20130101;
H04N 5/781 20130101; H04N 19/132 20141101; H04N 19/59 20141101;
H04N 19/33 20141101; H04N 21/4223 20130101; H04N 19/159 20141101;
H04N 19/172 20141101; H04N 9/7921 20130101; H04N 9/8047 20130101;
H04N 21/8153 20130101; H04N 5/85 20130101; H04N 9/8042 20130101;
H04N 5/772 20130101; H04N 21/64792 20130101; H04N 5/907 20130101;
H04N 21/440263 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
348/220.1 ;
348/231.99 |
International
Class: |
H04N 5/225 20060101
H04N005/225; H04N 5/76 20060101 H04N005/76 |
Claims
1. A method for simultaneously recording motion and still images in
a digital camera, comprising: a) using an image sensor to capture a
sequence of image frames, the sequence of image frames including a
repeating sequence of full resolution image frames regularly
interspersed between reduced resolution image frames, wherein the
full resolution image frames represent images with more pixels than
are represented by the reduced resolution image frames; b)
processing the sequence of image frames using a processor, wherein
the processing time for the full resolution image frames is longer
than the processing time for the reduced resolution image frames;
and c) storing the processed sequence of image frames.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the repeating sequence has a
single full resolution image frame followed by a plurality of
reduced resolution image frames.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the processed full resolution
image frames are stored using a low resolution component stored as
part of a motion sequence, and a full resolution component.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising receiving operator
input for determining a number of full resolution image frames to
be captured per second.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 09/685,998, filed Oct. 11, 2000, entitled "A
DIGITAL CAMERA FOR CAPTURING A SEQUENCE OF FULL AND REDUCED
RESOLUTION DIGITAL IMAGES AND STORING MOTION AND STILL DIGITAL
IMAGE DATA" by Loui et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated
herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates generally to the field of photography,
and in particular to combine motion and still image capture. More
specifically, the invention relates to a motion/still image capture
system which captures image sequences including both full and
reduced resolution images and stores digital image data to provide
both motion video sequences and digital still pictures.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Currently, it is common for consumers to use camcorders to
capture motion video images, which are viewed on a TV display, and
film cameras to capture still images which are developed and
optically printed to provide hardcopy prints. Carrying both types
of devices is burdensome, however. Thus, there is interest in
having a digital camcorder type device that captures motion images,
while also allowing high quality prints to be produced from
selected image frames.
[0004] Recent advances in digital camcorders include the ability to
capture both motion and still images (commonly referred to as MOST
cameras), and associated audio information, such as those from JVC
(GR-DV1) and Sony Corp. (DCR-PC7) which allow the capture of motion
video and still imagery. For example, the GR-DV1 from JVC allows a
user to capture a snapshot while recording live video. Basically,
the snapshot is indicated by overlaying a white border on the
particular still frame of the captured live video. See U.S. Pat.
No. 5,382,974, issued Jan. 17, 1995 to Soeda et al. entitled Movie
Camera Having Still Picture Photographing Function and Method of
Photographing Still Picture Therewith, which shows a movie camera
capable of also capturing still images. Although these cameras
allow one to capture motion and still images, they do not provide
adequate still image quality. Furthermore, the user must decide
before taking the picture whether a still or motion type image is
desired. Often, the user would like to have both a motion video
sequence and a still image of the same event (e.g. their daughter
scoring the winning soccer goal). This is difficult to do with
these prior art systems, where the user must press a special button
to obtain a "still" image, rather than deciding at a later time
what images they would like to have as high resolution prints.
[0005] A high definition camcorder could store a high resolution
(e.g. 1280.times.960 pixels) motion sequence for each image frame,
to provide higher quality still images. However, to produce good
motion rendition of high speed objects, a high frame rate (e.g. 30
frames/sec) is required. The amount of data that would need to be
processed and stored per second (e.g. 1280.times.960.times.30
pixels) would be excessive, requiring a high cost, power-hungry
design having a limited recording time.
[0006] There is a need therefore for a digital motion/still camera
design that reduces the processing and storage requirements, while
providing both good motion rendition and the ability to obtain high
resolution prints from any desired scene after it has been
captured.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The need is met according to the present invention by
providing a method for simultaneously recording motion and still
images, that includes the steps of: capturing a motion image
sequence and accompanying audio of a scene with a digital video
camera, adapted to record both motion and higher resolution still
images; simultaneously capturing a still image sequence having a
higher resolution and lower frame rate than the motion capture
sequence; compressing the motion image sequence using interframe
compression and the accompanying audio and storing the compressed
motion image and audio data; and compressing the still images using
intraframe coding and storing the compressed still image data.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECT OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention provides a better way of capturing,
processing, and storing both motion and still images of the same
event. Another advantage of this invention is that it records both
still and motion images so that desired still images can later be
selected for printing. Another advantage of this invention is that
it uses the same image sensor and digital image processor to
provide both the motion and still images. Another advantage of this
invention is that the still image processing does not need to be
completed within the period set by the capture frame rate, so that
the processor pixel operating rate can be reduced by balancing the
processor load for still and motion images.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the operation of the
motion/still imaging system according to the present invention;
[0010] FIG. 2 shows the user interface employed in the motion/still
imaging system of the present invention;
[0011] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a motion/still image
capture system according to the present invention;
[0012] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the motion capture and
processing sequence used in the present invention; and
[0013] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the data structure for
storing the motion sequences and still images.
[0014] To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals
have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements
that are common to the figures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0015] Referring to FIG. 1, the operation of the system of the
present invention will be described. In a capture step 10, a
motion/still camera 12 is operated in a motion/still capture mode,
to alternately capture a series of both full resolution and reduced
resolution images of a subject 14 while continuously capturing a
digital audio signal. According to the present invention, a full
resolution image contains at least four times as many pixels as a
reduced resolution image. Alternatively, the user can change the
camera mode using user controls 66 (see FIG. 3) to capture only
reduced resolution motion images, or only a single full resolution
still image. Both the full and reduced resolution images are
digitized 16 in the camera. The reduced resolution images, and a
similar sized low resolution image derived from the full resolution
images, are compressed 18 using an interframe compression algorithm
operating at a relatively high compression ratio, while the full
resolution images 20 are compressed using only intraframe
compression at a relatively low compression ratio, to provide high
image quality. The high resolution image compression can either use
as an input the complete full resolution image, or can
alternatively compress the difference image (e.g. the residual
image) obtained by decompressing and subtracting the low resolution
image to be stored as part of the compressed low resolution
sequence from the full resolution image of the same image
frame.
[0016] Compression of the motion sequence is necessary to lower the
bandwidth and storage requirements. For instance, an NTSC format
video signal with a frame rate of 29.97 Hz when digitized will
result in an uncompressed bit rate of about 168 Mb/s. MPEG (Moving
Picture Expert Group) compression of an NTSC video signal can
result in a bit rate of 3 to 6 Mb/s with a quality comparable to
analog cable TV and far superior to VHS video tape. The full
resolution images used to provide high quality still images are
obtained much less frequently than the motion images, and have
higher resolution and less aggressive compression.
[0017] A regular sequence of high resolution still image frames and
low resolution compressed audio/video frames is generated 22. Such
a sequence is created whenever the user presses the record button
while the camera 12 is in the combination motion/still (MOST) mode.
The camera 12 takes a fixed number of images per second (e.g. 24 or
30 frames per second) to provide the motion sequence. A relatively
small number of these images (e.g. 2 frames per second, or every
12.sup.th or 15.sup.th image) are normally full resolution images,
while the others are reduced resolution images. The user can set
the frequency of full resolution images using user controls 66, in
order to record more high resolution images per second for
important but short events, or alternatively fewer high resolution
images per second, to reduce the amount of still image related data
that must be recorded, in order to increase the recording time.
[0018] The full and reduced resolution images can be created using
the image sensor described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No.
5,440,343 issued Aug. 8, 1995 to Parulski et al., entitled
Motion/Still Electronic Image Sensing Apparatus, the disclosure of
which is incorporated herein. Alternatively, the image sensor can
always read out a full resolution image using a relatively high
speed clock, and the reduced resolution images can be obtained by
averaging or subsampling (e.g. decimating the image 2:1 both
vertically and horizontally) this full resolution image
sequence.
[0019] The low resolution video data and high resolution image data
can be stored 24 on a digital storage medium, such as CD ROM medium
or a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) medium 26. Alternatively, the
data can be stored on digital videotape, a magnetic hard drive, or
Flash EPROM memory, or any other digital storage device.
Alternatively, the data can be stored on an image server through a
wireless or wired network link. The stored data may also include
metadata, such as user-input text information and camera-generated
information such as time, date, camera model and serial number,
lens settings, etc.
[0020] The structure of the image files that store the low
resolution motion video and high resolution still image data are
described below. The display and printing of these digital image
files 28 are carried out at a user's video player terminal (which
may utilize the digital camera 12 for image playback) or computer,
and are enabled by an image processing sub-system in the terminal
or computer that decompresses the image files. Through the terminal
or computer, the user can view and browse the low resolution video
sequences, and selectively print any associated high resolution
still frames.
[0021] A user interface of the terminal or computer is depicted in
FIG. 2. The user interface 30 is displayed on a CRT 31 driven by
the terminal or computer, which may be, for example, a personal
computer (PC) 33, having an operating system 37, such as the
well-known Windows 98.TM., or Windows 2000.TM. operating systems
from Microsoft, Inc., Redmond, Oreg., and application software 39
for generating the graphical user interface and performing the
image processing, decoding and display functions described herein.
The PC 33 is connected to operator interfaces such as a keyboard 45
and a mouse 35. The basic features of the interface display 30
include an array of index images 32 representing each motion
sequence. Using a mouse 35, an operator can double click on one of
the index images 32 to display the associated audiovisual segment,
which may be, for example, an MPEG-2 compliant audio/video file, in
window 34. The MPEG-2 video compression is defined in "Generic
coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video,"
ISO/IEC 13818-2, MPEG-2 Video International Standard, 1996.
Alternatively, other types of MPEG compression, such as MPEG-1 or
MPEG-4, may be used. The audio portion of the MPEG segment is
played on the stereo speakers 36. Using the mouse 35, the operator
can drag and drop any one of the index images into a start window
38 and another one later in the sequence into a stop window 40.
When the operator clicks on the "PLAY" button 42, the MPEG
sequences associated with the start and stop sequences, and all
sequences in between, will be played in window 34. While any
sequence is playing, the operator can single click on the print
button 44 to initiate a printing operation. When the print button
is depressed, the image frame corresponding to the last high
resolution image is displayed in window 34. The user can skip back
to the previous high resolution image by single clinking on the
back arrow 41, or can rapidly move to earlier high resolution
images by "clicking and holding" back arrow 41. Similarly, the user
can skip forward to the next high resolution image by single
clicking on the forward arrow 43, or can rapidly move to later high
resolution images by "clicking and holding" back arrow 41. When the
user double-clicks on the print button 44, a print is produced from
the high resolution still image data for this image frame on a
color printer 47 such as an ink jet or laser printer, that is
connected to the user's terminal or personal computer 33.
[0022] The architecture of the digital motion/still camera 12 is
illustrated in FIG. 3. The digital camera 12 produces digital image
files that are recorded using a digital recorder 48. The camera is
powered by batteries 80 which connect to power supply 82, which
supplies power to the camera circuits depicted in FIG. 3. The
digital camera 12 includes a zoom lens 51 having zoom and focus
motor drives 53 and an adjustable aperture (not shown). The user
composes the scene using the electronic viewfinder 72 and the zoom
lens control buttons (not shown) of the user controls 66, and then
depresses a record button (not shown) to begin capture of a
motion/still image sequence. The zoom lens 51 focuses light from a
subject 14 (see FIG. 1) on an image sensor 50, for example, a
single-chip interline color CCD image sensor using the well-known
Bayer color filter pattern. The image sensor may be an interline
format sensor having 1280 columns.times.960 rows of active pixels.
The image sensor 50 is controlled by timing generator/clock drivers
70. The zoom and focus motors 53 and the clock drivers 70 are
controlled by control signals supplied by a control microprocessor
68. The analog output signal from the image sensor 50 is amplified
and converted to digital data by the analog signal processing (ASP)
and analog-to-digital (A/D) converter circuit 52. The camera 12
also includes a microphone 56 and an audio A/D converter 58 for
providing a digital audio signal to digital processor 68.
[0023] The digital data from ASP and A/D 52 includes both full
resolution image frames that are used to produce both high
resolution still image data and a low resolution motion image data,
and reduced resolution image frames that are only used to provide
low resolution motion image data. As described earlier, the image
sensor 50 can use the invention described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,440,343 to provide full resolution (e.g. 1280.times.960 pixel)
images and reduced resolution (e.g. 640.times.480 pixel) images by
summing and dumping appropriate color pixels. Alternatively, the
sensor can provide only full resolution (e.g. 1280.times.960 pixel)
images, and a 2:1 subsampling circuit 54 can be used to produce the
reduced resolution image by appropriately averaging the digital
sensor pixel values. The ASP and A/D 52 is coupled to a full
resolution buffer memory 60 which stores a full resolution (e.g.
1280.times.960 pixel) still image. The 2:1 subsampling circuit 54
is coupled to a multi-frame reduced resolution buffer memory 62,
which can store multiple reduced resolution images, such as buffer
memory that can store four 640.times.480 pixel images.
[0024] The outputs of the full resolution buffer memory 60 and the
multi-frame reduced resolution buffer memory 62 are coupled to a
multiplexer switch 64 which provides an input to control
microprocessor 68. The digital audio data from audio A/D 58 is also
input to control microprocessor 68. The processed image and audio
data is coupled to a digital recorder 48 which stores the digital
image files. The digital recorder can use write-once or erasable CD
or DVD optical disks. Alternatively, the digital recorder can use
other digital storage technologies, such as magnetic hard drives,
magnetic tape, optical tape, or solid-state memory.
[0025] The control microprocessor 68 alternates between processing
one full resolution image from full resolution buffer memory 60,
followed by several reduced resolution images from multi-frame
reduced resolution buffer memory 62. As will be described later in
reference to FIG. 4, since the full resolution images have more
pixel data (e.g. 4 times as many pixels) than the reduced
resolution images, the processor spends a longer period of time
processing a full resolution image than it does processing a
reduced resolution image, while the time period between each sensor
exposure must remain constant, in order to prevent motion
artifacts. Therefore, the arrangement of the two buffer memories 60
and 62 allows the processing load to be better balanced by allowing
the control microprocessor 68 to spend a longer period of time
processing the full resolution images.
[0026] For each full and reduced resolution image frame, the
control microprocessor 68 performs color interpolation followed by
color and tone correction, in order to produce rendered sRGB image
data. For full resolution frames, the control microprocessor 68
creates both full resolution (e.g. 1280.times.960 pixel) sRGB image
data, and low resolution (e.g. 640.times.480 pixel) sRGB image
data. For reduced resolution frames, the digital processor creates
only low resolution (e.g. 640.times.480 pixel) sRGB data. The
control microprocessor 68 also creates, from the low resolution
image data of each full and reduced resolution image frame, a
"thumbnail" size image, which can be created as described in
commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,164,831 issued Nov. 17, 1992 to
Kuchta et al., entitled Electronic Still Camera Providing
Multi-Format Storage of Full and Reduced Resolution Images, the
disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. This
thumbnail image has 160.times.120 pixels and is displayed on
electronic viewfinder 72 as the image sequences are captured. The
digital processor 66 can also provide a video output signal 74, as
either a digital or analog video signal, which is encoded for
display on a standard TV display (not shown), such as an NTSC video
display. The digital processor also compresses the digital audio
signal from audio A/D 52, in order to provide an MPEG compressed
audio stream.
[0027] The rendered sRGB low resolution image data from both the
full and reduced resolution frames is then compressed, processed
and stored, along with the compressed audio data, as an MPEG-2
bitstream. The processing may include conversion form RGB data to
alternate color spaces, such as YUV, YIQ, or Y, Cb, Cr as described
in chapter 3 of "Video Demystified" by Keith Jack, published by
HighText Interactive Inc., SanDiego, Calif. copyright 1996. In the
MPEG-2 standard, frames are designated I, P or B. I indicating that
the frame is intra-coded (the encoding is not dependent on any
other frame); P indicating the frame is predicted from the previous
frame; and B indicating that the frame is predicted from both the
previous and future frames. In one embodiment of the present
invention, the low resolution image frames derived by subsampling
the full resolution image frames are preferably compressed as I
frames. This is because each I frame can be decoded as a low
resolution image, so that the full resolution image data can be
stored as the difference between this I frame low resolution image
and the full resolution image.
[0028] The rendered sRGB full resolution image data from the full
resolution frames is also compressed and stored to provide high
resolution still image data. In one embodiment, the difference
(residual) between the sRGB full resolution image data, and the
upsampled low resolution I frame image decompressed from the MPEG-2
bitstream is computed, and then compressed and stored as a complete
still image file. To recover the full resolution still image data,
the residual still image file and the corresponding MPEG-2 I frame
are both decompressed and combined. In an second embodiment, the
full resolution still image data is JPEG compressed and stored as a
complete still image file. The MPEG-2 and still image files can
store metadata, such as the date and time the picture was captured,
the lens f/number and other camera settings, and image captions or
comments that can be selected or entered by the camera user.
[0029] The motion capture and processing sequence used in the
digital camera 12 of the present invention will now be described
with reference to FIG. 4, and the structure of the digital files
stored by the digital recorder 48 of the present invention will now
be described with reference to FIG. 5. The capture sequence shown
in FIG. 4 shows that a new image is captured every 1/30 second, and
that the capture sequence has provided one high resolution frame
102, followed by four low resolution frames 104, so that a high
resolution frame is captured every 1/6 of a second. Thus, there are
4 low resolution frames in between each full resolution frame.
Alternatively, other ratios of low to full resolution frames can be
used, and the digital camera 12 can include user controls 66 to
allow the user to set this ratio, and to set the capture sequence
frame rate to a value other than 30 frames per second.
[0030] In conventional camcorders, the processing time for each
video frame is equal to one frame period. In the present invention,
however, the processing time for the full resolution frames is set
to be substantially longer than the processing time for the reduced
resolution frames. As shown in FIG. 4, the processing time for each
full resolution frame 112 may be 1/12 second, which is four times
as long as the 1/48 second processing time for each reduced
resolution frame 114. Thus, the control microprocessor 68 is
allocated more time to create and compress the sRGB still images
for the full resolution frames as well as create and MPEG-2
compress the low resolution image data. For the reduced resolution
frames, the digital processor needs less time, since it is only
processing and MPEG-2 compressing the low resolution image
data.
[0031] As shown in FIG. 5, the stored image files for each captured
image sequence include an MPEG-2 sequence bitstream 200 and a
number of high resolution compressed image files 210 which are used
to provide high resolution still images. Pointers 220 relate each
high resolution compressed image file to a particular I frame 202
from the MPEG-2 motion sequence. The pointers 220 may be provided
by metadata in the MPEG-2 bitstream that provides an identifier of
the appropriate high resolution compressed image file 210
associated with each I frame 202. Alternately, the pointers 220 may
be provided by comparing the exact time recorded in the metadata of
both the MPEG-2 bitstream for each I frame 202 and also recorded in
each high resolution compressed image file 210, or by using a
separate synchronization file.
[0032] The MPEG-2 frames corresponding to the reduced resolution
frames 104 (see FIG. 4) are compressed either as B frames 204 or as
P frames 206, rather than as I frames. As stated earlier, I
indicates that the frame is intra-coded, P indicates the frame is
predicted from the previous frame; and B indicates that the frame
is predicted from both the previous and future frames.
[0033] The invention has been described with reference to a
preferred embodiment. However, it will be appreciated that
variations and modifications can be effected by a person of
ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the
invention.
PARTS LIST
[0034] 10 capture step x [0035] 12 motion/still camera x [0036] 14
photographic subject x [0037] 16 digitize step x [0038] 18 compress
video step x [0039] 20 full resolution image x [0040] 22 generate
sequence x [0041] 24 storage step x [0042] 26 writable medium x
[0043] 28 display, review and print step x [0044] 30 user interface
display x [0045] 31 CRTx [0046] 32 array of index images x [0047]
33 personal computer x [0048] 34 playback window x [0049] 35 mouse
x [0050] 36 stereo speakers x [0051] 37 operating system x [0052]
38 start window x [0053] 39 application software x [0054] 40 stop
window x [0055] 41 back arrow x [0056] 42 play button x [0057] 43
forward arrow x [0058] 44 print button x [0059] 45 keyboard x
[0060] 47 color printer x [0061] 48 digital recorder x [0062] 50
image sensor x [0063] 51 zoom lens x [0064] 52 video A/D converter
x [0065] 53 zoom and focus motor drives x [0066] 54 2:1 subsampler
x [0067] 56 microphone x [0068] 58 audio A/D converter x [0069] 60
full resolution buffer memory x [0070] 62 reduced resolution buffer
memory x [0071] 64 multiplexer switch x [0072] 66 user controls x
[0073] 68 control microprocessor x [0074] 70 timing circuit x
[0075] 72 electronic viewfinder x [0076] 74 video output signal x
[0077] 80 batteries x [0078] 82 power supply x [0079] 102 high
resolution frame x [0080] 104 low resolution frame x [0081] 112
processing time for high resolution frame x [0082] 114 processing
time for low resolution frame x [0083] 200 MPEG-2 bitstream x
[0084] 202 I frame x [0085] 204 B frame x [0086] 206 P frame x
[0087] 210 high resolution compressed image files x [0088] 220
pointer x
* * * * *