U.S. patent application number 11/461908 was filed with the patent office on 2006-11-23 for organic electroluminescence material and electroluminescence device using the same.
This patent application is currently assigned to SAMSUNG SDI CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Hitoshi Ishikawa, Yukiko Morioka, Atsushi Oda, Hiroshi Tada, Satoru Toguchi.
Application Number | 20060263639 11/461908 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26522511 |
Filed Date | 2006-11-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060263639 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Tada; Hiroshi ; et
al. |
November 23, 2006 |
ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENCE MATERIAL AND ELECTROLUMINESCENCE DEVICE
USING THE SAME
Abstract
An organic electroluminescence material of the present invention
includes, in order to provide an durable organic EL device emitting
light of high brightness, a compound shown by the general formula
(A-I) or (B-I) (as explained in the specification) wherein, A.sub.1
to A.sub.3 which may be the same or different, are independently
each a substituent shown by the general formula (A-II) (as
explained in the specification): and a.sub.1, b.sub.1, and b.sub.2
are independently each an aryl group which may be substituted,
a.sub.1 having at least one substituent shown by the general
formula (B-II) (as explained in the specification), and b.sub.1 and
b.sub.2 each having at least one substituent shown by the general
formula (B-III) (as explained in the specification), and b.sub.1
and b.sub.2 may be the same of different.
Inventors: |
Tada; Hiroshi; (Tokyo,
JP) ; Oda; Atsushi; (Tokyo, JP) ; Ishikawa;
Hitoshi; (Tokyo, JP) ; Toguchi; Satoru;
(Tokyo, JP) ; Morioka; Yukiko; (Tokyo,
JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
H.C. PARK & ASSOCIATES, PLC
8500 LEESBURG PIKE
SUITE 7500
VIENNA
VA
22182
US
|
Assignee: |
SAMSUNG SDI CO., LTD.
Suwon-si
KR
|
Family ID: |
26522511 |
Appl. No.: |
11/461908 |
Filed: |
August 2, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10448704 |
May 30, 2003 |
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11461908 |
Aug 2, 2006 |
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09630633 |
Aug 1, 2000 |
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11461908 |
Aug 2, 2006 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
428/690 ;
252/301.16; 252/301.35; 257/E51.051; 313/504; 313/506; 428/917;
564/433; 564/434 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07C 211/56 20130101;
C07C 211/54 20130101; H01L 2251/308 20130101; C07C 217/80 20130101;
C09K 2211/1014 20130101; H01L 51/0059 20130101; H01L 51/0081
20130101; H01L 51/006 20130101; C07C 211/57 20130101; Y10S 428/917
20130101; H05B 33/14 20130101; C07C 217/92 20130101; H01L 51/5048
20130101; C09K 11/06 20130101; H01L 51/5012 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
428/690 ;
428/917; 313/504; 313/506; 257/E51.051; 252/301.16; 252/301.35;
564/433; 564/434 |
International
Class: |
H01L 51/54 20060101
H01L051/54; H05B 33/12 20060101 H05B033/12; C07C 211/00 20060101
C07C211/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Aug 2, 1999 |
JP |
1999-218336 |
Aug 2, 1999 |
JP |
1999-218337 |
Claims
1. An organic electroluminescence material, comprising a compound
shown by the following general formula (A-I): ##STR126## wherein,
A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 are independently, each a substituent shown by
the general formula (A-II), ##STR127## wherein, at least one of
Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.4 and Z.sub.7 to Z.sub.10 is independently, each a
halogen atom or hydroxyl, amino or substituted amino, nitro, cyano,
alkyl or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl (except
styryl), cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy or
substituted alkoxy, aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic
hydrocarbon, aromatic heterocyclic or substituted aromatic
heterocyclic; aralkyl or substituted aralkyl, aryloxy or
substituted aryloxy, alkoxy carbonyl or substituted alkoxy carbonyl
or carboxyl group, and the others being a hydrogen atom; or Z.sub.1
and Z.sub.2, or Z.sub.3 and Z.sub.4 and Z.sub.7 to Z.sub.10 may
form a ring by two adjacent atoms or groups Z.sub.5 and Z.sub.6 are
independently, each a hydrogen atom, alkyl or substituted alkyl,
aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon or
aromatic heterocyclic or substituted aromatic heterocyclic group;
and Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are independently each an aryl group
which may be substituted.
2. An organic electroluminescence material, comprising a compound
shown by the following general formula (A-III) ##STR128## wherein,
B.sub.1 to B.sub.3 are independently., each a substituent shown by
the general formula (A-IV), which may be the same or different,
##STR129## wherein, at least one of Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.5 is a
substituent shown by the general formula (A-V), ##STR130## the
others being independently each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or
hydroxyl, amino or substituted amino, nitro, cyano, alkyl or
substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl (other than
styryl), cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy or
substituted alkoxy, aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic
hydrocarbon, aromatic heterocyclic or substituted aromatic
heterocyclic; aralkyl or substituted aralkyl, aryloxy or
substituted aryloxy, alkoxy carbonyl or substituted alkoxy carbonyl
or carboxyl group; with the proviso that if Y.sub.3 is of the
formula A-V, then Y.sub.8 cannot be NAr.sub.1Ar.sub.2; and Y.sub.1
to Y.sub.5 may form a ring by two adjacent atoms or groups;
wherein, at least one of Y.sub.6 to Y.sub.10 is a substituent of
the formula --NAr.sub.1Ar.sub.2, the others being independently
each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or hydroxyl, amino or
substituted amino, nitro, cyano, alkyl or substituted alkyl,
alkenyl or substituted alkenyl (other than styryl), cycloalkyl or
substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy or substituted alkoxy, aromatic
hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic
heterocyclic or substituted aromatic heterocyclic, aralkyl or
substituted aralkyl, aryloxy or substituted aryloxy,
alkoxy-carbonyl or substituted alkoxy carbonyl or carboxyl group;
and Y.sub.6 to Y.sub.10 may form a ring by two adjacent atoms or
groups; Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are independently each an aryl group
which may be substituted; and Y.sub.11 and Y.sub.12 are
independently, each a hydrogen atom or alkyl or substituted alkyl,
aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic
heterocyclic or substituted aromatic heterocyclic group.
3. An organic electroluminescence material comprising an organic
electroluminescence material of claim 1 or claim 2 dispersed in a
polymer binder.
4. An organic electroluminescence device comprising one or more
layers of organic thin films placed between an- anode and cathode,
wherein at least one of said layers is composed of at least one
organic electroluminescence material of claim 1 or claim 2.
5. The organic electroluminescence device of claim 4, wherein at
least one layer composed of said at least one organic
electroluminescence material is about 2 to about 500 nm thick.
6. An organic electroluminescence device of claim 4, comprising a
hole transport layer, a light emitting layer and an electron
transport layer, wherein at least one of the hole transport,
light-emitting and electron transport layers is composed of at
least one of said organic electroluminescence material.
7. The organic electroluminescence device of claim 6, wherein said
light-emitting layer is doped with an organic luminescent
agent.
8. The organic electroluminescence device of claim 6, wherein said
hole transport layer is located between an anode and cathode and
contains first and second hole transport layers facing the side of
the anode and the side of the light-emitting layer, respectively,
and said first hole transport layer is composed of said at least
one of said organic electroluminescence material.
9. The organic electroluminescence device of claim 8, wherein said
second hole transport layer contains an aromatic tertiary amine
compound.
10. The organic electroluminescence device of claim 6, additionally
comprising an anode interface layer located between said anode and
said hole transport layer.
11. The organic electroluminescence device of claim 8, additionally
comprising an anode interface layer located between said anode and
said first hole transport layer.
12. The organic electroluminescence device of claim 9, additionally
comprising an anode interface layer located between said anode and
said first hole transport layer.
13. The organic electroluminescence material of claim 2, wherein
exactly one of Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.5 is a substituent shown by the
general formula A-V.
14. An organic electroluminescence device comprising an anode, a
hole transport region, a light emitting layer, an electron
transport layer, and a cathode wherein at least one of the hole
transport region, light emitting layer and electron transport layer
comprises the electroluminescence material of claim 1.
15. An organic electroluminescence device comprising an anode, a
hole transport region, a light emitting layer, an electron
transport layer, and a cathode wherein at least one of the hole
transport region, light emitting layer and electron transport layer
comprises the electroluminescence material of claim 2.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to an
organic-electroluminescence (EL) device used for planar light
sources and displays, and the organic EL material therefore
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
[0002] An organic EL device has been attracting attention as a
planar display element. The organic EL device with two or more
organic layers has much improved light-emitting efficiency,
emitting light of high brightness at a voltage of 10 V or less
applied thereto (Applied Physics Letters, vol. 51, pp. 913, 1987
and vol. 56, pp. 799, 1990). It generally comprises an anode, hole
transport region, EL light-emitting region, electron transport
region and cathode as the basic structure. It may lack one of the
hole and electron transport regions, or both. Each region may
consist of one layer, or two or more layers.
[0003] Many of the conventional organic EL devices use a
triphenylamine derivatives for the hole transport region. For
example, 1,1-bis-(4-diparatolylaminophenyl)cyclohexane and
N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine
are preferably used, because of their good hole injection and
film-making characteristics. It is reported, however, that the
films of these compounds are uniform immediately after they are
formed, but tend to suffer agglomeration in several days (Spring
Meeting of the Japan Society of Applied Physics, 30a-SZK-1, 1993,
Autumn Meeting of the Japan Society of Applied Physics, 29a-ZC-8,
1993), accelerating deterioration of brightness (Applied Physics
Letters, vol. 68, pp. 1787, 1996).
[0004] On the other hand, Japanese Patent Publication No. SHO
641-7635 discloses use of a porphyrin compound for the hole
transport layer. However, crystallization or agglomeration of the
layer also occurs after the device is assembled, deteriorating its
functions.
[0005] Japanese Patent Publication No. HEI 7-110940 (110940/1995 B)
and Applied Physics Letters, vol. 65, pp. 807, 1994 disclose use of
a starburst type tertiary amine derivatives for the hole transport
material. However, it also fails to give the device which can
continuously emit sufficiently bright light.
[0006] Japanese Patent No. 2597377 discloses an organic-EL device
structure comprising two hole transport layers of hole injection
type compounds, one being of a porphyrin compound and the other of
an aromatic tertiary amine from the anode side, in order to reduce
pinholes and thereby to improve device stability. However, even
this structure shows insufficient improvement in device
stability.
[0007] Moreover, the conventional organic EL device is insufficient
in brightness, when it is to be used for light-emitting devices,
e.g., full-color display, and is required to have higher
brightness.
[0008] As described above, the organic EL device is less durable
than other types of light-emitting devices, and insufficient in
brightness-related properties, which have greatly retarded its
commercialization.
[0009] The present invention has been developed to solve the above
problems, and thereby to provide an organic EL device of longer
serviceability and emitting light of high brightness.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The organic electroluminescence material, characterized by
containing a compound shown by the following general formula (A-I):
##STR1##
[0011] wherein, A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 are independently, each a
substituent shown by the general formula (A-II), which may be the
same or different. ##STR2##
[0012] wherein, at least one of Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.4 and Z.sub.7 to
Z.sub.10 are independently, each a halogen atom or hydroxyl, amino
or substituted amino, nitro, cyano, alkyl or substituted alkyl,
alkenyl or substituted alkenyl (except styryl), cycloalkyl or
substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy or substituted alkoxy, aromatic
hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic
heterocyclic or substituted aromatic heterocyclic, aralkyl or
substituted aralkyl, aryloxy or substituted aryloxy, alkoxy
carbonyl or substituted alkoxy carbonyl or carboxyl group, and the
others being a hydrogen atom;
[0013] Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2, Z.sub.3 and Z.sub.4 and Z.sub.7 to
Z.sub.10 may form a ring by two adjacent atoms or groups;
[0014] Z.sub.5 and Z.sub.6 are independently, each a hydrogen atom,
alkyl or substituted alkyl, aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted
aromatic hydrocarbon, or aromatic heterocyclic or substituted
aromatic heterocyclic group; and
[0015] Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are independently each an aryl gourp
which may be substituted.;
[0016] The organic electroluminescence material, characterized by
containing a compound shown by the following general formula
(A-III) (Except that the substituent shown by the general formula
(A-V) is at the site of Y.sub.3 and, at the same time, the
substituent shown by the formula --NAr.sub.1Ar.sub.2 is at the site
of Y.sub.8.). ##STR3##
[0017] wherein, B.sub.1 to B.sub.3 are independently, each a
substituent shown by the general formula (A-IV), which may be the
same or different. ##STR4##
[0018] wherein, at least one of Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.5 is a substituent
shown by the general formula (A-V), the others being independently
each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or hydroxyl, amino or
substituted amino, nitro, cyano, alkyl or substituted alkyl,
alkenyl or substituted alkenyl (other than styryl), cycloalkyl or
substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy or substituted alkoxy, aromatic
hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic
heterocyclic or substituted aromatic heterocyclic, aralkyl or
substituted aralkyl, aryloxy or substituted aryloxy, alkoxy
carbonyl or substituted alkoxy carbonyl or carboxyl group; and
[0019] Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.5 may form a ring by two adjacent atoms or
groups; ##STR5##
[0020] wherein, at least one of Y.sub.6 to Y.sub.10 is a
substituent shown by the formula --NAr.sub.1Ar.sub.2, the others
being independently each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or
hydroxyl, amino or substituted amino, nitro, cyano, alkyl or
substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl (other than
styryl), cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy or
substituted alkoxy, aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic
hydrocarbon, aromatic heterocyclic or substituted aromatic
heterocyclic, aralkyl or substituted aralkyl, aryloxy or
substituted aryloxy, alkoxy carbonyl or substituted alkoxy carbonyl
or carboxyl group;
[0021] Y.sub.6 to Y.sub.10 may form a ring by two adjacent atoms or
groups;
[0022] Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are independently each an aryl gourp
which may be substituted; and
[0023] Y.sub.11 and Y.sub.12 are independently, each a hydrogen
atom or alkyl or substituted alkyl, aromatic hydrocarbon or
substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic heterocyclic or
substituted aromatic heterocyclic group.
[0024] The organic electroluminescence material, characterized by
containing a compound shown by the following general formula
(A-VI): ##STR6##
[0025] wherein, D.sub.1 to D.sub.3 are independently, each a
substituent shown by the general formula (A-VII). They may be the
same or different. ##STR7##
[0026] wherein, at least one of X.sub.1 to X.sub.6 is a substituent
shown by the formula --NAr.sub.1Ar.sub.2, the others being
independently each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or hydroxyl,
amino or substituted amino, nitro, cyano, alkyl or substituted
alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl (other than styryl),
cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy or substituted alkoxy,
aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic
heterocyclic or substituted aromatic heterocyclic, aralkyl or
substituted aralkyl, aryloxy or substituted aryloxy, alkoxy
carbonyl or substituted alkoxy carbonyl or carboxyl group;
[0027] Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.5 may form a ring by two adjacent atoms or
groups;
[0028] Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are independently, each an aryl group
which may be substituted:
[0029] X.sub.6 and X.sub.7 are independently, each an alkyl group
having 2 or more carbons, aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic
heterocyclic group, all of which may be substituted; and
[0030] X.sub.8 to X.sub.11 are independently, each a hydrogen atom,
a halogen atom or hydroxyl, amino or substituted amino, nitro,
cyano, alkyl or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl
(except styryl), cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy or
substituted alkoxy, aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic
hydrocarbon, aromatic heterocyclic or substituted aromatic
heterocyclic, aralkyl or substituted aralkyl, aryloxy or
substituted aryloxy, alkoxy carbonyl or substituted alkoxy carbonyl
carboxyl group and X.sub.8 to X.sub.11 may form a ring by two
adjacent atoms or groups.
[0031] The organic electroluminescence material, characterized by
containing a compound shown by the following general formula (B-I);
##STR8##
[0032] wherein, a.sub.1, b.sub.1 and b.sub.2 are independently,
each an aryl group which may be substituted, a.sub.1 having at
least one substituent shown by the general formula (B-II), each of
b.sub.1 and b.sub.2 having at least one substituent shown by the
general formula (B-III), and b.sub.1 and b.sub.2 may be the same or
different: ##STR9##
[0033] wherein, y.sub.1 to y.sub.5 are independently, each a
hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, alkyl or
substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl (except styryl),
cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy or substituted alkoxy,
aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic
heterocyclic or substituted aromatic heterocyclic, aralkyl or
substituted aralkyl, aryloxy or substituted aryloxy, alkoxy
carbonyl or substituted alkoxy carbonyl or carboxyl group; and
[0034] y.sub.1 to Y.sub.5 may form a ring by two adjacent atoms or
groups;
[0035] y.sub.6 and y.sub.7 are independently, each a hydrogen atom,
alkyl or substituted alkyl, aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted
aromatic hydrocarbon, or aromatic heterocyclic or substituted
aromatic heterocyclic group. ##STR10##
[0036] wherein, at least one of z.sub.1 to z.sub.5 is a substituent
shown by the formula --NAr.sub.1Ar.sub.2, the others being
independently, each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or hydroxyl,
amino or substituted amino, nitro, cyano, alkyl or substituted
alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl (except styryl), cycloalkyl
or substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy or substituted alkoxy, aromatic
hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic
heterocyclic or substituted aromatic heterocyclic, aralkyl or
substituted aralkyl; aryloxy or substituted aryloxy, alkoxy
carbonyl or substituted alkoxy carbonyl or carboxyl group;
[0037] z.sub.1 to z.sub.4 may form a ring by two adjacent atoms or
groups;
[0038] Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are independently, each an aryl group
which may be substituted; and
[0039] z.sub.6 and z.sub.7 are independently, each a hydrogen atom
or alkyl or substituted alkyl, aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted
aromatic hydrocarbon, or aromatic heterocyclic or substituted
aromatic heterocyclic group.
[0040] In the present invention it is preferable that organic
electroluminescence material, wherein at least one material of said
organic electroluminescence materials according to any one of
claims 1 to 4, is dispersed in a polymer binder.
[0041] In the organic electroluminescence device comprising one or
more layers of organic thin films put between the anode and
cathode, wherein at least one of said layers is composed of at
least one of the organic electroluminescence materials according to
any one of claims 1 to 4.
[0042] In the organic electroluminescence device of claim 6,
wherein at least one of said layers is composed of at least one of
the organic electroluminescence materials according to any one of
claims 1 to 4, and 2 to 500 nm thick.
[0043] It is preferable that the organic electroluminescence device
of claims 6 to 7, wherein one of its hole transport, light-emitting
and electron transport layers is composed of at least one of the
organic electroluminescence materials according to any one of
claims 1 to 4.
[0044] It is also preferable that the organic electroluminescence
device of claim 6 or claim 8, wherein said light-emitting layer is
doped with an organic luminescent agent as the dopant.
[0045] It is also preferable that the organic electroluminescence
device of claim 6, wherein said hole transport layer contains a
first and second hole transport layer facing tile anode and
light-emitting layer sides, respectively, and said first hole
transport layer is composed of at least one of the organic
electroluminescence materials according to any one of claims 1 to
4.
[0046] It is also preferable that organic electroluminescence
device of claim 10, wherein said second hole transport layer
contains an aromatic tertiary amine compound.
[0047] It is also preferable that organic electroluminescence
device of claim 8, claim 10 or claim 11, wherein an anode interface
layer is provided between said anode and said hole transport layer
or between said anode and said first hole transport layer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0048] The objects and features of the present invention will
become more apparent from the consideration of the following
detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, in which:
[0049] FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B show an example of the sectional view of
the organic EL device of the present invention:
[0050] FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B show another example of the sectional
view of the organic EL device of the present invention;
[0051] FIG. 3 shows still another example of the sectional view of
the organic EL device of the present invention; and
[0052] FIG. 4 shows still another example of the sectional view of
the organic EL device of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0053] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be
described. FIG. 1(a) shows a section of an organic EL device which
uses an organic EL material of the present invention, where
reference numeral 11 denotes a glass substrate; reference numeral
12 denotes an anode; reference numeral 13 denotes a hole transport
layer; reference numeral 14 denotes a light-emitting layer;
reference numeral 15 denotes an electron transport layer; and
reference numeral 16 denotes a cathode. The organic EL material of
the present invention is used at least one of the hole transport
layer 13, light-emitting layer 14, and electron transport layer
15.
[0054] The organic EL device of the present invention may dispense
with the hole transport layer 13 and/or electron transport layer
15. FIG. 2 (a) shows the device which dispenses with the electron
transport layer 15, and FIG. 3 shows the device which dispenses
with both layers. The hole transport layer 13 may be divided into
the first hole transport layer 13a on the anodic side and second
hole transport layer 13b on the light-emitting device side, as
shown in FIGS. 1(b) and 2(b), where the former is made of the
organic EL material of the present invention and the latter of a
known organic material.
[0055] An anode interface layer may be provided between the anode
12 and hole transport layer 13, or anode 12 and first hole
transport layer 13a. FIG. 4 shows an example of the anode interface
layer provided between the anode 12 and hole transport layer 13 for
the organic EL device, shown in FIG. 2(a).
[0056] The halogen atoms for the substituents shown by the general
formula (A-II), (A-IV), (A-V)) (A-VII), (B-II) or (B-III) include
fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
[0057] The amino group or substituted amino group, is shown by the
general formula --NX.sup.1X.sup.2.sub.1 wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2
are independently, each hydrogen atom or methyl, ethyl, propyl,
isopropyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl,
n-heptyl, n-octyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl,
2-hydroxyisobutyl, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl, 1,3-dihydroxyisopropyl,
2,3-dihydroxy-t-butyl, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl, chloromethyl,
1-chloroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2-chloroisobutyl, 1,2-dichloroethyl,
1,3-dichloroisopropyl, 2,3-dichloro-t-butyl, 1,2,3-trichloropropyl,
bromomethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 2-bromoisobutyl,
1,2-dibromoethyl, 1,3-dibromoisopropyl, 2,3-dibromo-t-butyl,
1,2,3-tribromopropyl, iodomethyl, 1-iodoethyl, 2-iodoethyl,
2-iodoisobutyl, 1,2-diiodoethyl, 1,3-diiodoisopropyl,
2,3-diiodo-t-butyl, 1,2,3-triiodopropyl, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl,
2-aminoethyl, 2-aminoisobutyl, 1,2-diaminoethyl,
1,3-diaminoisopropyl, 2,3-diamino-t-butyl, 1,2,3-triaminopropyl,
cyanomethyl, 1-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanoisobutyl,
1,2-dicyanoethyl, 1,3-dicyanoisopropyl, 2,3-dicyano-t-butyl,
1,2,3-tricyanopropyl, nitromethyl, 1-nitroethyl, 2-nitroethyl,
2-nitroisobutyl, 1,2-dinitroethyl, 1,3-dinitroisopropyl,
2,3-dinitro-t-butyl, 1,2,3-trinitropropyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl,
2-naphthyl, 1-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 9-anthryl, 1-phenanthryl,
2-phenanthryl, 3-phenanthryl, 4-phenanthryl, 9-phenanthryl,
1-naphthacenyl, 2-naphthacenyl, 9-naphthacenyl, 4-styrylphenyl,
1-pyrenyl, 2-pyrenyl, 4-pyrenyl, 2-biphenylyl, 3-biphenylyl,
4-biphenylyl, p-terphenyl-4-yl, p-terphenyl-3-yl, p-terphenyl-2-yl,
m-terphenyl-4-yl, m-terphenyl-3-yl, m-terphenyl-2-yl, o-tolyl,
m-tolyl, p-tolyl, p-t-butylphenyl, p-(2-phenylpropyl)phenyl,
3-methyl-2-naththyl, 4-methyl-1-naththyl, 4-methyl-1-anthryl,
4'-methylbiphenylyl, 4''-t-butyl-p-terphenyl-4-yl, 2-pyrrolyl,
3-pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl,
2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 4-indolyl, 5-indolyl, 6-indolyl, 7-indolyl,
1-isoindolyl, 3-isoindolyl, 4-isoindolyl, 5-isoindolyl,
6-isoindolyl, 7-isoindolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-benzofuranyl,
3-benzofuranyl, 4-benzofuranyl, 5-benzofuranyl, 6-benzofuranyl,
7-benzofuranyl, 1-isobenzofuranyl, 3-isobenzofuranyl,
4-isobenzofuranyl, 5-isobenzofuranyl, 6-isobenzofuranyl,
7-isobenzofuranyl, 2-quinolyl, 3-quinolyl, 4-quinolyl, 5-quinolyl,
6-quinolyl, 7-quinolyl, 8-quinolyl, 1-isoquinolyl, 3-isoquinolyl,
4-isoquinolyl, 5-isoquinolyl, 6-isoquinolyl, 7-isoquinolyl,
8-isoquinolyl, 2-quinoxalinyl, 5-quinoxalinyl, 6-quinoxalinyl,
1-carbazolyl, 2-carbazolyl, 3-carbazolyl, 4-carbazolyl,
1-phenanthridinyl, 2-phenanthridinyl, 3-phenanthridinyl,
4-phenanthridinyl, 6-phenanthridinyl, 7-phenanthridinyl,
8-phenanthridinyl, 9-phenanthridinyl, 10-phenanthridinyl,
1-acridinyl, 2-acridinyl, 3-acridinyl, 4-acridinyl, 9-acridinyl,
1,7-phenanthrolin-2-yl, 1,7-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
1,7-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 1,7-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
1,7-phenanthrolin-6-yl, 1,7-phenanthrolin-8-yl,
1,7-phenanthrolin-9-yl, 1,7-phenanthrolin-10-yl,
1,8-phenanthrolin-2-yl, 1,8-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
1,8-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 1,8-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
1,8-phenanthrolin-6-yl, 1,8-phenanthrolin-7-yl,
1,8-phenanthrolin-9-yl, 1,8-phenanthrolin-10-yl,
1,9-phenanthrolin-2-yl, 1,9-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
1,9-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 1,9-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
1,9-phenanthrolin-6-yl, 1,9-phenanthrolin-7-yl,
1,9-phenanthrolin-8-yl, 1,9-phenanthrolin-10-yl,
1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl, 1,10-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
1,10-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
2,9-phenanthrolin-1-yl, 2,9-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
2,9-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 2,9-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
2,9-phenanthrolin-6-yl, 2,9-phenanthrolin-7-yl,
2,9-phenanthrolin-8-yl, 2,9-phenanthrolin-10-yl,
2,8-phenanthrolin-1-yl, 2,8-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
2,8-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 2,8-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
2,8-phenanthrolin-6-yl, 2,8-phenanthrolin-7-yl,
2,8-phenanthrolin-9-yl, 2,8-phenanthrolin-10-yl,
2,7-phenanthrolin-1-yl, 2,7-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
2,7-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 2,7-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
2,7-phenanthrolin-6-yl, 2,7-phenanthrolin-8-yl, 2,7
-phenanthrolin-9-yl, 2,7-phenanthrolin-10-yl, 1-phenazinyl,
2-phenazinyl, 1-phenothiazinyl, 2-phenothiazinyl, 3-phenothiazinyl,
4-phenothiazinyl, 1-phenoxazinyl, 2-phenoxazinyl, 3-phenoxazinyl,
4-phenoxazinyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, 2-oxadiazolyl,
5-oxadiazolyl, 3-furazanyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl,
2-methylpyrrol-1-yl, 2-methylpyrrol-3-yl, 2-methylpyrrol-4-yl,
2-methylpyrrol-5-yl, 3-methylpyrrol-1-yl, 3-methylpyrrol-2-yl,
3-methylpyrrol-4-yl, 3-methylpyrrol-5-yl, 2-t-butylpyrrol-4-yl,
3-(2-phenylpropyl)pyrrol-1-yl, 2-methyl-1-indolyl,
4-methyl-1-indolyl, 2-methyl-3-indolyl, 4-methyl-3-indolyl,
2-t-butyl-1-indolyl, 4-t-butyl-1-indolyl, 2-t-butyl-3-indolyl, and
4-t-butyl-3-indolyl group.
[0058] The alkyl or substituted alkyl group, useful for the present
invention include(s) methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,
s-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl,
hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyisobutyl,
1,2-dihydroxyethyl, 1,3-dihydroxyisopropyl, 2,3-dihydroxy-t-butyl,
1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl, chloromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 2-chloroethyl,
2-chloroisobutyl, 1,2-dichloroethyl, 1,3-dichloroisopropyl,
2,3-dichloro-t-butyl, 1,2,3-trichloropropyl, bromomethyl,
1-bromoethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 2-bromoisobutyl, 1,2-dibromoethyl,
1,3-dibromoisopropyl, 2,3-dibromo-t-butyl, 1,2,3-tribromopropyl,
iodomethyl, 1-iodoethyl, 2-iodoethyl, 2-iodoisobutyl,
1,2-diiodoethyl, 1,3-diiodoisopropyl, 2,3-diiodo-t-butyl,
1,2,3-triiodopropyl, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl,
2-aminoisobutyl, 1,2-diaminoethyl, 1,3-diaminoisopropyl,
2,3-diamino-t-butyl, 1,2,3-triaminopropyl, cyanomethyl,
1-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanoisobutyl, 1,2-dicyanoethyl,
1,3-dicyanoisopropyl, 2,3-dicyano-t-butyl, 1,2,3-tricyanopropyl,
nitromethyl, 1-nitroethyl, 2-nitroethyl, 2-nitroisobutyl,
1,2-dinitroethyl, 1,3-dinitroisopropyl, 2,3-dinitro-t-butyl, and
1,2,3-trinitropropyl group,
[0059] The alkenyl or substituted alkenyl group, useful for the
present invention includes vinyl, allyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl,
3-butenyl, 1,3-butanedienyl, 1-methylvinyl, 1-methylallyl,
1,1-dimethylallyl, 2-methylallyl, 1-phenylallyl, 2-phenylallyl,
3-phenylallyl, 3,3-diphenylallyl, 1,2-dimethylallyl,
1-phenyl-1-butenyl, and 3-phenyl-1-butenyl. The cycloalkyl or
substituted cycloalkyl group, useful for the present invention
include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and
4-methylcyclohexyl group.
[0060] The alkoxy or substituted alkoxy group, is represented by
the general formula --OY. The groups represented by Y useful for
the present invention include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,
n-butyl, s-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl,
n-octyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl,
2-hydroxyisobutyl, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl, 1,3-dihydroxyisopropyl,
2,3-dihydroxy-t-butyl, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl, chloromethyl,
1-chloroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2-chloroisobutyl, 1,2-dichloroethyl,
1,3-dichloroisopropyl, 2,3-dichloro-t-butyl, 1,2,3-trichloropropyl,
bromomethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 2-bromoisobutyl,
1,2-dibromoethyl, 1,3-dibromoisopropyl, 2,3-dibromo-t-butyl,
1,2,3-tribromopropyl, iodomethyl, 1-iodoethyl, 2-iodoethyl,
2-iodoisobutyl, 1,2-diiodoethyl, 1,3-diiodoisopropyl,
2,3-diiodo-t-butyl, 1,2,3-triiodopropyl, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl,
2-aminoethyl, 2-aminoisobutyl, 1,2-diaminoethyl,
1,3-diaminoisopropyl, 2,3-diamino-t-butyl, 1,2,3-triaminopropyl,
cyanomethyl, 1-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanoisobutyl,
1,2-dicyanoethyl 1,3-dicyanoisopropyl, 2,3-dicyano-t-butyl,
1,2,3-tricyanopropyl, nitromethyl, 1-nitroethyl, 2-nitroethyl,
2-nitroisobutyl, 1,2-dinitroethyl, 1,3-dinitroisopropyl,
2,3-dinitro-t-butyl, and 1,2,3-trinitropropyl.
[0061] The aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon
group(s), useful for the present invention includes phenyl,
1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 9-anthryl,
1-phenanthryl, 2-phenanthryl, 3-phenanthryl, 4-phenanthryl,
9-phenanthryl, 1-naphthacenyl, 2-naphthacenyl, 9-naphthacenyl,
1-pyrenyl, 2-pyrenyl, 4-pyrenyl 2-biphenylyl, 3-biphenylyl,
4-biphenylyl, p-terphenyl-4-yl, p-terphenyl-3-yl, p-terphenyl-2-yl,
m-terphenyl-4-yl, m-terphenyl-3-yl, m-terphenyl-2-yl, o-tolyl,
m-tolyl, p-tolyl, p-t-butylphenyl, p-(2-phenylpropyl)phenyl,
3-methyl-2-naththyl, 4-methyl-1-naththyl, 4-methyl-1-anthryl,
4'-methylbiphenylyl, and 4''-t-butyl-p-terphenyl-4-yl group.
[0062] The aromatic heterocyclic or substituted aromatic
heterocyclic group(s), useful for the present invention include
1-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, 2-pyridinyl,
3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 1-indolyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl,
4-indolyl, 5-indolyl, 6-indolyl, 7-indolyl, 1-isoindolyl,
2-isoindolyl, 3-isoindolyl, 4-isoindolyl, 5-isoindolyl,
6-isoindolyl, 7-isoindolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-benzofuranyl,
3-benzofuranyl, 4-benzofuranyl, 5-benzofuranyl, 6-benzofuranyl,
7-benzofuranyl, 1-isobenzofuranyl, 3-isobenzofuranyl.sub.1
4-isobenzofuranyl, 5-isobenzofuranyl, 6-isobenzofuranyl,
7-isobenzofuranyl, 2-quinolyl, 3-quinolyl, 4-quinolyl, 5-quinolyl,
6-quinolyl, 7-quinolyl, 8-quinolyl, 1-isoquinolyl, 3-isoquinolyl,
4-isoquinolyl, 5-isoquinolyl, 6-isoquinolyl, 7-isoquinolyl,
8-isoquinolyl, 2-quinoxalinyl, 5-quinoxalinyl, 6-quinoxalinyl,
1-carbazolyl, 2-carbazolyl, 3-carbazolyl, 4-carbazolyl,
9-carbazolyl, 1-phenanthridinyl, 2-phenanthridinyl,
3-phenanthridinyl, 4-phenanthridinyl, 6-phenanthridinyl,
7-phenanthridinyl, 8-phenanthridinyl, 9-phenanthridinyl,
10-phenanthridinyl, 1-acridinyl, 2-acridinyl, 3-acridinyl,
4-acridinyl, 9-acridinyl, 1,7-phenanthrolin-2-yl,
1,7-phenanthrolin-3-yl, 1,7-phenanthrolin-4-yl,
1,7-phenanthrolin-5-yl, 1,7-phenanthrolin-6-yl,
1,7-phenanthrolin-8-yl, 1,7-phenanthrolin-9-yl,
1,7-phenanthrolin-10-yl, 1,8-phenanthrolin-2-yl,
1,8-phenanthrolin-3-yl, 1,8-phenanthrolin-4-yl,
1,8-phenanthrolin-5-yl, 1,8-phenanthrolin-6-yl,
1,8-phenanthrolin-7-yl, 1,8-phenanthrolin-9-yl,
1,8-phenanthrolin-10-yl, 1,9-phenanthrolin-2-yl,
1,9-phenanthrolin-3-yl, 1,9-phenanthrolin-4-yl,
1,9-phenanthrolin-5-yl, 1,9-phenanthrolin-6-yl,
1,9-phenanthrolin-7-yl, 1,9-phenanthrolin-8-yl
1,9-phenanthrolin-10-yl, 1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl,
1,10-phenanthrolin-3-yl, 1,10-phenanthrolin-4-yl,
1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl, 2,9-phenanthrolin-1-yl,
2,9-phenanthrolin-3-yl, 2,9-phenanthrolin-4-yl,
2,9-phenanthrolin-5-yl, 2,9-phenanthrolin-6-yl,
2,9-phenanthrolin-7-yl, 2,9-phenanthrolin-8-yl,
2,9-phenanthrolin-10-yl, 2,8-phenanthrolin-1-yl,
2,8-phenanthrolin-3-yl, 2,8-phenanthrolin-4-yl,
2,8-phenanthrolin-5-yl, 2,8-phenanthrolin-6-yl,
2,8-phenanthrolin-7-yl, 2,8-phenanthrolin-9-yl,
2,8-phenanthrolin-10-yl, 2,7-phenanthrolin-1-yl,
2,7-phenanthrolin-3-yl, 2,7-phenanthrolin-4-yl,
2,7-phenanthrolin-5-yl, 2,7-phenanthrolin-6-yl,
2,7-phenanthrolin-8-yl, 2,7-phenanthrolin-9-yl,
2,7-phenanthrolin-10-yl, 1-phenazinyl, 2-phenazinyl,
1-phenothiazinyl, 2-phenothiazinyl, 3-phenothiazinyl,
4-phenothiazinyl, 10-phenothiazinyl, 1-phenoxazinyl,
2-phenoxazinyl, 3-phenoxazinyl, 4-phenoxazinyl, 10-phenoxazinyl,
2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, 2-oxadiazolyl, 5-oxadiazolyl,
3-furazanyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-methylpyrrol-1-yl,
2-methylpyrrol-3-yl, 2-methylpyrrol-4-yl, 2-methylpyrrol-5-yl,
3-methylpyrrol-1-yl, 3-methylpyrrol-2-yl, 3-methylpyrrol-4-yl,
3-methylpyrrol-5-yl, 2-t-butylpyrrol-4-yl,
3-(2-phenylpropyl)pyrrol-1-yl, 2-methyl-1-indolyl,
4-methyl-1-indolyl, 2-methyl-3-indolyl, 4-methyl-3-indolyl,
2-t-butyl-1-indolyl, 4-t-butyl-1-indolyl, 2-t-butyl-3-indolyl, and
4-t-butyl-3-indolyl group,
[0063] The aralkyl or substituted aralkyl group(s), useful for the
present invention include(s) benzyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl,
1-phenylisopropyl, 2-phenylisopropyl, phenyl-t-butyl,
.alpha.-naphthylmethyl, 1-.alpha.-naphthylmethyl,
2-.alpha.-naphthylmethyl, 1-.alpha.-naphthylisopropyl,
2-.alpha.-naphthylisopropyl, .beta.-naphthylmethyl,
1-.beta.-naphthylmethyl, 2-.beta.-naphthylmethyl,
1-.beta.-naphthylisopropyl, 2-.beta.-naphthylisopropyl,
1-pyrrolylmethyl, 2-(1-pyrrolyl)ethyl, p-methylbenzyl,
m-methylbenzyl, o-methylbenzyl, p-chlorobenzyl, m-chlorobenzyl,
o-chlorobenzyl, p-bromobenzyl, m-bromobenzyl, o-bromobenzyl,
p-iodobenzyl, m-iodobenzyl, o-iodobenzyl, p-hydroxybenzyl,
m-hydroxybenzyl, o-hydroxyhexyl, p-aminobenzyl, at-aminobenzyl,
o-aminobenzyl, p-aminobenzyl, m-aminobenzyl, o-aminobenzyl,
p-nitrobenzyl, m-nitrobenzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, p-cyanobenzyl,
m-cyanobenzyl, o-cyanobenzyl, 1-hydroxy-2-phenylisopropyl, and
1-chloro-2-phenylisopropyl.
[0064] The aryloxy or substituted aryloxy group(s), which may be
substituted, is represented by the general formula --OZ. The groups
represented by Z useful for the present invention include phenyl,
1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 9-anthryl,
1-phenanthryl, 2-phenanthryl, 3-phenanthryl, 4-phenanthryl,
9-phenanthryl, 1-naphthacenyl, 2-naphthacenyl, 9-naphthacenyl
1-pyrenyl, 2-pyrenyl, 4-pyrenyl, 2-biphenylyl, 3-biphenylyl,
4-biphenylyl, p-terphenyl-4-yl, p-terphenyl-3-yl, p-terphenyl2-yl,
m-terphenyl-4-yl, m-terphenyl-3-yl, m-terphenyl-2-yl, o-tolyl,
m-tolyl, p-tolyl, p-t-butylphenyl, p-(2-phenylpropyl)phenyl,
3-methyl-2-naththyl, 4-methyl-1-naththyl, 4-methyl-1-anthryl,
4'-methylbiphenylyl, 4''-t-butyl-p-terphenyl-4-yl, 2-pyrrolyl,
3-pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl,
2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 4-indolyl, 5-indolyl, 6-indolyl, 7-indolyl,
1-isoindolyl, 3-isoindolyl, 4-isoindolyl, 5-isoindolyl,
6-isoindolyl, 7-isoindolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-benzofuranyl,
3-benzofuranyl, 4-benzofuranyl, 5-benzofuranyl, 6-benzofuranyl,
7-benzofuranyl, 1-isobenzofuranyl, 3-isobenzofuranyl,
4-isobenzofuranyl, 5-isobenzofuranyl, 6-isobenzofuranyl,
7-isobenzofuranyl, 2-quinolyl, 3-quinolyl, 4-quinolyl, 5-quinolyl,
6-quinolyl, 7-quinolyl, 8-quinolyl, 1-isoquinolyl, 3-isoquinolyl,
4-isoquinolyl, 5-isoquinolyl, 6-isoquinolyl, 7-isoquinolyl,
8-isoquinolyl, 2-quinoxalinyl, 5-quinoxalinyl, 6-quinoxalinyl,
1-carbazolyl, 2-carbazolyl, 3-carbazolyl, 4-carbazolyl,
1-phenanthridinyl, 2-phenanthridinyl, 3-phenanthridinyl,
4-phenanthridinyl, 6-phenanthridinyl, 7-phenanthridinyl,
8-phenanthridinyl, 9-phenanthridinyl, 10-phenanthridinyl,
1-acridinyl, 2-acridinyl, 3-acridinyl, 4-acridinyl, 9-acridinyl,
1,7-phenanthrolin-2-yl, 1,7-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
1,7-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 1,7-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
1,7-phenanthrolin-6-yl, 1,7-phenanthrolin-8-yl,
1,7-phenanthrolin-9-yl, 1,7-phenanthrolin-10-yl,
1,8-phenanthrolin-2-yl, 1,8-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
1,8-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 1,8-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
1,8-phenanthrolin-6-yl, 1,8-phenanthrolin-7-yl,
1,8-phenanthrolin-9-yl, 1,8-phenanthrolin-10-yl,
1,9-phenanthrolin-2-yl, 1,9-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
1,9-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 1,9-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
1,9-phenanthrolin-6-yl, 1,9-phenanthrolin-7-yl,
1,9-phenanthrolin-8-yl, 1,9-phenanthrolin-10-yl,
1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl, 1,10-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
1,10-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
2,9-phenanthrolin-1-yl, 2,9-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
2,9-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 2,9-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
2,9-phenanthrolin-6-yl, 2,9-phenanthrolin-7-yl,
2,9-phenanthrolin-8-yl, 2,9-phenanthrolin-10-yl,
2,8-phenanthrolin-1-yl, 2,8-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
2,8-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 2,8-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
2,8-phenanthrolin-6-yl, 2,8-phenanthrolin-7-yl,
2,8-phenanthrolin-9-yl, 2,8-phenanthrolin-10-yl,
2,7-phenanthrolin-1-yl, 2,7-phenanthrolin-3-yl,
2,7-phenanthrolin-4-yl, 2,7-phenanthrolin-5-yl,
2,7-phenanthrolin-6-yl, 2,7-phenanthrolin-8-yl,
2,7-phenanthrolin-9-yl, 2,7-phenanthrolin-10-yl, 1-phenazinyl,
2-phenazinyl, 1-phenothiazinyl, 2-phenothiazinyl, 3-phenothiazinyl,
4-phenothiazinyl, 1-phenoxazinyl, 2-phenoxazinyl, 3-phenoxazinyl,
4-phenoxazinyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, 2-oxadiazolyl,
5-oxadiazolyl, 3-furazanyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl,
2-methylpyrrol-1-yl, 2-methylpyrrol-3-yl, 2-methylpyrrol-4-yl,
2-methylpyrrol-5-yl, 3-methylpyrrol-1-yl, 3-methylpyrrol-2-yl,
3-methylpyrrol-4-yl, 3-methylpyrrol-5-yl, 2-t-butylpyrrol-4-yl,
3-(2-phenylpropylpyrrol-1-yl, 2-methyl-1-indolyl,
4-methyl-1-indolyl, 2-methyl-3-indolyl, 4-methyl-3-indolyl,
2-t-butyl-1-indolyl, 4-t-butyl-1-indolyl, 2-t-butyl-3-indolyl, and
4-t-butyl-3-indolyl group.
[0065] The alkoxy carbonyl or substituted alkoxy carbonyl group(s),
is represented by the general formula --COOY. The groups
represented by Y useful for the present invention include methyl,
ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl,
n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl,
2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyisobutyl, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl,
1,3-dihydroxyisopropyl, 2,3-dihydroxy-t-butyl,
1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl, chloromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 2-chloroethyl,
2-chloroisobutyl, 1,2-dichloroethyl, 1,3-dichloroisopropyl,
2,3-dichloro-t-butyl, 1,2,3-trichloropropyl, bromomethyl,
1-bromoethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 2-bromoisobutyl, 1,2-dibromoethyl,
1,3-dibromoisopropyl, 2,3-dibromo-t-butyl, 1,2,3-tribromopropyl,
iodomethyl, 1-iodoethyl, 2-iodoethyl, 2-iodoisobutyl,
1,2-diiodoethyl, 1,3-diiodoisopropyl, 2,3-diiodo-t-butyl,
1,2,3-triiodopropyl, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl,
2-aminoisobutyl, 1,2-diaminoethyl, 1,3-diaminoisopropyl,
2,3-diamino-t-butyl, 1,2,3-triaminopropyl, cyanomethyl,
1-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanoisobutyl, 1,2-dicyanoethyl,
1,3-dicyanoisopropyl, 2,3-dicyano-t-butyl, 1,2,3-tricyanopropyl,
nitromethyl, 1-nitroethyl, 2-nitroethyl, 2-nitroisobutyl,
1,2-dinitroethyl, 1,3-dinitroisopropyl, 2,3-dinitro-t-butyl, and
1,2,3-trinitropropyl group.
[0066] The divalent groups which can form a ring include
tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene,
diphenylmethane-2,2'-diyl, diphenylethane-3,3'-diyl,
diphenylpropane-4,4'-diyl, and 1,3-butadiene-1,4-diyl.
[0067] The aryl groups represented by a.sub.1, b.sub.1, b.sub.2,
Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 include phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl,
phenanthryl, naphthacenyl and pyrenyl.
[0068] These aryl group(s) may be substituted with a halogen atom,
hydroxyl, the above described amino, nitro, cyano, the above
described alkyl, the above described alkenyl (other than styryl),
the above described cycloalkyl, the above described alkoxy, the
above described aromatic hydrocarbon, the above described aromatic
heterocyclic, the above described aralkyl, the above described
aryloxy, the above described alkoxy carbonyl or carboxyl (of which
amino, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aromatic hydrocarbon,
aromatic heterocyclic, aralkyl, aryloxy, and alkoxy carbonyl may be
substituted).
[0069] The inventors of the present invention have found, after
having extensively studied to solve the problems involved in the
conventional, organic EL material, that the organic layer can be
stabilized by containing a compound shown by the general formula
(A-I), (A-III), (A-VI) or (B-I), because they have excellent
film-making properties and strongly amorphous to efficiently
prevent agglomeration, with the result that the organic EL device
of the present invention is highly durable.
[0070] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. HEI 10-140146 discloses an
organic EL device which uses the compound shown by the general
formula (A-I) with hydrogen atom for each of the substituents
Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.4 and Z.sub.7 to Z.sub.10, and hydrogen atom or
methyl group for each of the substituents of Z.sub.5 and Z.sub.6.
The inventors of the present invention have found, after having
further developed the concept, that introduction of a substituent
other than hydrogen atom into one or more of the substituents of
Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.4 and Z.sub.7 to Z.sub.10 makes the molecular
structure less planar, more distorted and more amorphous, to
further stabilize the organic layer. It is also found that the
similar effect is obtained to further stabilize the organic layer
by introducing a bulky substituent in the ortho or meta position,
like the compound shown by the general formula (A-III), rather than
in the para position, and that the molecular structure is also
distorted to stabilize the organic layer by introducing an alkyl
group having 2 or more carbons, or aromatic hydrocarbon or aromatic
heterocyclic group in the substituent X.sub.6 or X.sub.7, like the
one shown by the general formula (A-VI), where the alkyl, aromatic
hydrocarbon and aromatic heterocyclic groups may be
substituted.
[0071] Moreover, it is possible to contain the compound shown by
the general formula (A-I), (A-III), (A-VI) or (B-I) in the
light-emitting region. The inventors of the present invention have
found that the compounds shown by the general formula (A-I),
(A-III), (A-VI) or (B-I) each have a very high fluorescence yield
and thus the organic EL device emits EL light of higher brightness,
when its light-emitting region contains one of the above compounds.
The compound disclosed by Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. HEI
10-140146 exhibits light-emitting characteristics, but the
inventors of the present invention have found, after having further
developed the concept, that the compounds shown by the general
formulae (A-I), (A-III), (A-VI) or (B-I) have better light-emitting
characteristics.
[0072] Each of the compounds shown by the general formulae (A-I),
(A-III), (A-VI) or (B-I) can form a light-emitting layer by itself,
but can be doped with a light-emitting dopant to obtain the EL
light emitted from the dopant. A known dopant can he used for the
above purpose. It is also possible to use each of the compounds
shown by the general formulae (A-I), (A-III), (A-VI) and (B-I) as
the dopant. In this case, a known material can be used for the
light-emitting host.
[0073] The layer containing the compound shown by the general
formula (A-I), (A-III), (A-VI) or (B-I) preferably has a thickness
of 1 to 1000 nm, more preferably 2 to 500 nm. An excessively thick
film is undesirable, because it needs an excessively high driving
voltage for the organic EL device. Because current flows into the
organic EL device it will generate a large quantity of heat within
the device, when its driving voltage is excessively high, to
accelerate its aging.
[0074] The layer containing the compound shown by the general
formula (A-I), (A-III), (A-VI) or (B-I) can be produced by a known
method, e.g., vacuum deposition, more concretely, resistance
heating, electron beam heating, sputtering, ion plating, MBE
(molecular beam epitaxy), and so on.
[0075] It can he also produced by wet film-making methods, e.g.,
spin coating, spray coating, bar coating, dip coating, and roll
coating.
[0076] A known solvent can be adequately used for preparing the
coating solution. The solvents include, for example, alcohols,
aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, aliphatic halogenated
hydrocarbons, ethers, amides, sulfoxides or the like.
[0077] A polymer binder dispersed with at least the compound shown,
by the general formula (A-I), (A-III), (A-VT) or (B-I) may be used
to prepare the layer containing the compound shown by the general
formula (A-I), (A-III), (A-VI) or (B-I). The polymer binder can he
selected from known substances, e.g., resins (e.g., vinyl-based
resin, acrylic-based resin, epoxy-based resin, silicon-based resin,
styryl-based resin, polyimide, polysilylene, polyvinyl carbazole,
polycarbonate, cellulosic resin, polyolefin-based resin), and
natural resins (e.g., glue and gelatin).
[0078] The polymer binder dispersed with the compound shown by the
general formula (A-I), (A-III), (A-VI) or (B-I) may be formed into
a film by a known method, e.g., the wet film-making method. A
combination of the wet film-making method and solvent may be
adequately selected from the known ones above described.
[0079] Tables I-1 to I-4 show examples of the compound shown by the
general formula (A-I), which by no means limit the compound.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE I-1 1 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR11## 2
A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR12## 3 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 =
##STR13## 4 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR14## 5
A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR15## 6 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 =
##STR16##
[0080] TABLE-US-00002 TABLE I-2 7 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR17##
8 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR18## 9 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 =
##STR19## 10 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR20## 11
A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR21## 12 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 =
##STR22##
[0081] TABLE-US-00003 TABLE I-3 13 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 =
##STR23## 14 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR24## 15
A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR25## 16 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 =
##STR26## 17 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR27## 18
A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR28##
[0082] TABLE-US-00004 TABLE I-4 19 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 =
##STR29## 20 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR30## 21
A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 = ##STR31## 22 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.3 =
##STR32## 23 A.sub.1.about.A.sub.2 = ##STR33## A.sub.3 =
##STR34##
[0083] Table I-5 shows examples of the compound shown by the
general formula (A-III), which by no means limit the compound.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE I-5 24 B.sub.1.about.B.sub.3 = ##STR35## 25
B.sub.1.about.B.sub.3 = ##STR36## 26 B.sub.1.about.B.sub.3 =
##STR37## 27 B.sub.1.about.B.sub.3 = ##STR38##
[0084] Table I-6 shows examples of the compound shown by the
general formula CA-VI), which by no means limit the compound.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE I-6 28 D.sub.1.about.D.sub.3 = ##STR39## 29
D.sub.1.about.D.sub.3 = ##STR40## 30 D.sub.1.about.D.sub.3 =
##STR41##
[0085] Tables II-1 to II-6 show examples of the compound shown by
the general formula (B-I), which by no means limit the compound.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE II-1 1 a.sub.1 = ##STR42## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 =
##STR43## 2 a.sub.1 = ##STR44## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR45## 3
a.sub.1 = ##STR46## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR47## 4 a.sub.1 =
##STR48## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR49## 5 a.sub.1 = ##STR50##
b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR51## 6 a.sub.1 = ##STR52## b.sub.1, b.sub.2
= ##STR53##
[0086] TABLE-US-00008 TABLE II-2 7 a.sub.1 = ##STR54## b.sub.1,
b.sub.2 = ##STR55## 8 a.sub.1 = ##STR56## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 =
##STR57## 9 a.sub.1 = ##STR58## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR59## 10
a.sub.1 = ##STR60## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR61## 11 a.sub.1 =
##STR62## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR63## 12 a.sub.1 = ##STR64##
b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR65##
[0087] TABLE-US-00009 TABLE II-3 13 a.sub.1 = ##STR66## b.sub.1,
b.sub.2 = ##STR67## 14 a.sub.1 = ##STR68## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 =
##STR69## 15 a.sub.1 = ##STR70## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR71## 16
a.sub.1 = ##STR72## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR73## 17 a.sub.1 =
##STR74## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR75## 18 a.sub.1 = ##STR76##
b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR77##
[0088] TABLE-US-00010 TABLE II-4 19 a.sub.1 = ##STR78## b.sub.1,
b.sub.2 = ##STR79## 20 a.sub.1 = ##STR80## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 =
##STR81## 21 a.sub.1 = ##STR82## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR83## 22
a.sub.1 = ##STR84## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR85## 23 a.sub.1 =
##STR86## b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR87## 24 a.sub.1 = ##STR88##
b.sub.1, b.sub.2 = ##STR89##
[0089] TABLE-US-00011 TABLE II 25 ##STR90## 26 ##STR91## 27
##STR92## 28 ##STR93## 29 ##STR94## 30 ##STR95## 31 ##STR96## 32
##STR97## 33 ##STR98## 34 ##STR99## 35 ##STR100## 36 ##STR101##
[0090] When the organic EL device of the present invention has the
first hole transport layer of anode side containing the compound
shown by the general formula (A-I), (A-III), (A-VI) or (B-I), and
the second hole transport layer of light-emitting layer side
containing an aromatic tertiary amine, the aromatic tertiary amine
can be a known one. For example, those disclosed by Japanese Patent
Publication No. HEI 6-32307, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. HEI
5-234681, Japanese Patent Publication No. HEI 7-110940, and
Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. HEI 5-239455 and HEI 6-312982 may be
used for the present invention.
[0091] When the organic EL device of the present invention has an
anode interface layer in contact with the anode, the anode
interface layer may include a known compound. For example, a
porphyrin-based compound disclosed by Japanese Patent Publication
No. SHO 64-7635 may be used. The other compounds which can be used
for the present invention include spiro, perylene, azo, quinone,
indigo, polymethine, acridine or quinacridon compounds or the
like.
[0092] A known organic fluorescent agent may be used for the EL
light-emitting material. For example, those agents useful for the
present invention include an anthracene-based compound, to begin
with, metal complex of 8-quinolinol (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
SHO 59-194393), and distyrylarylene derivative (Japanese Patent
Laid-Open Nos. HEI 2-247278 and HEI 5-17765),which may be
applicable as the light-emitting materials. The light-emitting host
may be also doped with an organic fluorescent agent. The
light-emitting dopants useful for the, present invention include
derivatives of cumarin, dicyanomethylenepiran, perylene (Japanese
Patent Laid-Open No, SHO 63-264692), and quinacridon (Japanese
Patent Laid-Open No. HEI 5-70773). They can be formed into a film
by a known film-making method, e.g., vacuum deposition or
coating.
[0093] Any layer for the present invention, except that containing
the compound shown by the general formula (A-I), (A-III), (A-VI) or
(B-I), may have any known composition. The electron transport
region may be dispensed with. The materials for the anode and
cathode may be selected from known ones.
EXAMPLES
[0094] The present invention is described more concretely by
Examples.
Synthesis Example 1
[0095] ##STR102##
[0096] N,N-dimethylformamide and 3,3',3''-trimethyltriphenylamine
(shown by the formula (i)) were put in an ice-cooled three-necked
flask equipped with a drop funnel, a nitrogen gas leading pipe and
a reflux condenser, and stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere, to which
phosphorus oxychloride was slowly added dropwise by the drop
funnel. On completion of the addition, the temperature of the
mixture was raised upto 80.degree. C. slowly and kept 80.degree. C.
for 10 hours with stirring. After on completion of the reactions
water was added thereto, the mixture was stirred for 15 min. The
mixture was purified by the common method, to obtain
3,3',3''-trimethyl-4,4',4''-triformyltriphenylamine (shown by the
formula (ii)). ##STR103##
[0097] 4-chloromethyl-4',4''-dimethyltriphenylamine (shown by the
formula (iii)) and triethyl phosphite were put in a three-necked
flask equipped with a reflux condenser, to which toluene was added
and heated with stirring for 8 hours under reflux. The mixture was
purified by the common method, to obtain
4-(4',4''-dimethyldiphenylamino)benzyl diethyl phosphonate (shown
by the formula (iv)). ##STR104##
[0098] 3,3', 3'-trimethyl-4,4',4''-triformyltriphenylamine (shown
by the formula (ii)) was reacted with
4-(4',4''-dimethyldiphenylamino)benzyl diethyl phosphonate (shown
by the formula (iv))in a solution of N,N-dimethylformamide
suspended with hydrogenated sodium at 40.degree. C. for 40 hours.
The mixture was purified by common method, to obtain
3,3',3''-trimethyl-4,4',4''-tris(4-(N,N-ditolylamino)styryl)triphenylamin-
e (shown by the formula (v)).
Synthesis Example 2
[0099] ##STR105##
[0100] 3-bromobenzyl chloride shown by the formula (vi) and
triethyl phosphite were put in a three-necked flask equipped with a
reflux condenser, to which toluene was added and heated with
stirring for 8 hours under reflux. The mixture was purified by
common method, to obtain diethyl 3-bromobenzylphosphonate shown by
the formula (vii).
[0101] Diethyl 3-bromobenzylphosphonate shown by the formula (vii)
was reacted with 4-formyltriphenylamine shown by the formula (viii)
in a solution of N,N-dimethylformamide suspended with hydrogenated
sodium at 40.degree. C. for 40 hours. The mixture was purified by
the common method, to obtain 4-(3-bromostyryl)triphenylamine shown
by the formula (ix). ##STR106##
[0102] 4-(3-bromostyryl)triphenylamine (shown by the formula (ix))
and tetrahydrofuran were put in a three-necked flask equipped with
a drop funnel and dryer tube, and stirred. The mixture was cooled
to -78.degree. C., to which a hexane solution of butyl lithium was
added dropwise by a drop funnel. The temperature of the mixture was
kept at -78.degree. C. for 1 hour and then raised upto -20.degree.
C. with stirring. A toluene solution of nitrogen chloride was
slowly added dropwise by a drop funnel. On completion of the
addition, it was further stirred for two hours. The mixture was
purified by common method, to obtain
3,3',3''-tris-(4-diphenylaminostyryl)triphenylamine (shown by the
formula (x)).
Example 1
[0103] Referring to FIG. 2(a), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin film of ITO (indium tin oxide) as the anode 12, having a
resistivity of 20 .OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, the compound
1 shown by Table I-1 to a thickness of 50 nm as the hole transport
layer 13 by resistance heating vacuum deposition,
tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum (compound (a)) to a thickness of
60 nm as the light-emitting layer 14 also by resistance heating
vacuum deposition, and finally MgAg (deposition rate ratio; 10:1)
to a thickness of 150 nm as the cathode 16 also by resistance
heating vacuum deposition, in this order. ##STR107##
[0104] Very bright green color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum
Brightness of the light was 203 cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant
current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere,
and 147 cd/m.sup.2 after 1000 hours drive, by which is meant that
this organic EL device of the present invention is more durable
than those prepared by
Comparative Examples 1 and 2
Examples 2 to 6
[0105] The same procedure as used for Example 1 was repeated,
except that the material applied to the hole transport layer was
replaced by the compound shown by Table I-7, to prepare the organic
EL devices. They emitted very bright green color emission from the
light-emitting layers of tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum.
Brightness of the emitted light, initial and after 1000 hours
drive, is given in Table I-7 for each device, at a constant current
density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere.
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE I-7 Brightness after Hole transport Initial
brightness 1000 hours drive Examples layer (cd/m.sup.2)
(cd/m.sup.2) 2 Compound 10 shown 221 150 by Table I-2 3 Compound 16
shown 216 179 by Table I-3 4 Compound 24 shown 205 151 by Table I-5
5 Compound 27 shown 210 161 by Table I-5 6 Compound 28 shown 237
177 by Table I-6
Example 7
[0106] Referring to FIG. 2(b), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin film of ITO as the anode 12, having a resistivity of 20
.OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, tile compound 1 shown by Table
I-1 to a thickness of 40 nm as the first hole transport layer 13a
by resistance heating vacuum deposition, compound (b) to a
thickness of 20 nm as the second hole transport layer 13b also by
resistance heating vacuum deposition,
tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum (compound (a)) to a thickness of
50 nm as the light-emitting layer 14 also by resistance heating
vacuum deposition and finally MgAg (deposition rate ratio; 10:1) to
a thickness of 150 nm as the cathode 16 also by resistance heating
vacuum deposition. ##STR108##
[0107] Very bright green color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum.
Brightness of the light was 273 cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant
current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere,
and 225 cd/m.sup.2 after 1000 hours drive.
Examples 8 to 12
[0108] The same procedure as used for Example 7 was repeated,
except that the material applied to the first hole transport layer
was replaced by the compound shown by Table I-8, to prepare the
organic EL devices. They emitted very bright green color emission
from the light-emitting layers of
tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum. Brightness of the emitted light,
initial and after 1000 hours drive, is given in Table I-8 for each
device, at a constant current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried
nitrogen atmosphere. TABLE-US-00013 TABLE I-8 Brightness after
First hole Initial brightness 1000 hours drive Examples transport
layer (cd/m.sup.2) (cd/m.sup.2) 8 Compound 10 shown 291 232 by
Table I-2 9 Compound 16 shown 253 199 by Table I-3 10 Compound 24
shown 256 194 by Table I-5 11 Compound 27 shown 280 241 by Table
I-5 12 Compound 28 shown 266 217 by Table I-6
Example 13
[0109] Referring to FIG. 2(a), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin film of ITO as the anode 12, having a resistivity of 20
.OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering. The anode 12 was coated with a
solution, which was a mixture of the compound 1 of Table I-1 and
polycarbonate (Mitutbishi Chemical, Z200) (1:1 by weight) dissolved
in tetrahydrofuran at 1.5 wt. %, by dip coating to a thickness of
50 nm, and dried at 80.degree. C. for 1 hour, to form the hole
transport layer 13. It was then coated with
tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum (compound (a)) to a thickness of
50 nm as the light-emitting layer 14 by resistance heating vacuum
deposition, and finally MgAg (deposition rate ratio; 10:1) to a
thickness of 150 nm as the cathode 16 also by resistance heating
vacuum deposition.
[0110] Very bright green color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum.
Brightness of the light was 212 cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant
current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere,
and 180 cd/m.sup.2 after 1000 hours drive.
Example 14
[0111] Referring to FIG. 2(a), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin film of ITO as the anode 12, having a resistivity of 20
.OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering. The anode 12 was coated with
the compound 1 of Table I-1 and compound (b) by resistance heating
vacuum deposition to a thickness of 50 nm (codeposition at a rate
ratio of 7:3), to form the hole transport layer 13. It was then
coated with tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum (compound (a)) to a
thickness of 50 nm as the light-emitting layer 14 also by
resistance heating vacuum deposition, and finally MgAg (deposition
rate ratio; 10:1) to a thickness of 150 nm as the cathode 16 also
by resistance heating vacuum deposition.
[0112] Very bright green color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum.
Brightness of the light was 276 cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant
current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere,
and 212 cd/m.sup.2 after 1000 hours drive.
Example 15
[0113] Referring to FIG. 1(a), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin film of ITO (indium tin oxide) as the anode 12, having a
resistivity of 20 .OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, the compound
1 of Table I-1 to a thickness of 50 nm as the bole transport layer
13 by resistance heating vacuum deposition,
tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum (compound (a)) and DCM (compound
(c)) to a thickness of 30 nm as the light-emitting layer 14 also by
resistance heating vacuum deposition (codeposition at a rate ratio
of 100:2), tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum to a thickness of 30
nm as the electron transport layer 15 also by resistance heating
vacuum deposition, and finally MgAg (deposition rate ratio: 10:1)
to a thickness of 150 nm as the cathode 16 also by resistance
heating vacuum deposition, in this order. ##STR109##
[0114] Very bright orange color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of DCM. Brightness of the light was 479
cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant current density of 10
mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere, and 387 cd/m.sup.2
after 1000 hours drive.
Example 16
[0115] Referring to FIG. 4, a glass substrate 11 was coated with a
thin film of ITO (indium tin oxide) as the anode 12, having a
resistivity of 20 .OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, copper
phthalocyanine (compound (d)) to a thickness of 10 nm as the anode
interface layer 17 by resistance heating vacuum deposition, the
compound 1 of Table I-1 to a thickness of 50 nm as the hole
transport layer 13 also by resistance heating vacuum deposition,
tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum (compound (a)) to a thickness of
50 nm as the light-emitting layer 14 also by resistance heating
vacuum deposition, and finally MgAg (deposition rate ratio: 10:1)
to a thickness of 150 nm as the cathode 16 also by resistance
heating vacuum deposition, in this order.
[0116] Very bright green color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum.
Brightness of the light was 223 cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant
current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere,
and 185 cd/m.sup.2 after 1000 hours drive. ##STR110##
Example 17
[0117] Referring to FIG. 1(a), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin film of ITO (indium tin oxide) as the anode 12, having a
resistivity of 20 .OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, the compound
(b) to a thickness of 50 nm as the hole transport layer 13 by
resistance heating vacuum deposition, compound 1 of Table I-1 to a
thickness of 50 nm as the light-emitting layer 14 also by
resistance heating vacuum deposition, t-Bu-PBD (compound (e)) to a
thickness of 30 nm as the electron transport layer 15 also by
resistance heating vacuum deposition, and finally MgAg (deposition
rate ratio 10:1) to a thickness of 150 nm as the cathode 16 also by
resistance heating vacuum deposition, in this order.
[0118] Very bright blue color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of the compound 1 of Table I-1. Brightness
of the light was 711 cd/m.sup.2 at a voltage of 8 V, by which is
meant that this device has improved brightness characteristics over
the one prepared by Comparative Example 3. ##STR111##
Examples 18 to 22
[0119] The same procedure as used for Example 17 was repeated,
except that the material applied to the light-emitting layer was
replaced by the compound shown by Table I-9, to prepare the organic
EL devices. They emitted very bright emission from the
light-emitting layers. Brightness of the emitted light at a voltage
of 8 V is given in Table I-9 for each device. TABLE-US-00014 TABLE
I-9 Brightness at 8 V Examples Light-emitting layer (cd/m.sup.2) 18
Compound 10 shown by Table I-2 808 19 Compound 16 shown by Table
I-3 537 20 Compound 24 shown by Table I-5 726 21 Compound 27 shown
by Table I-5 652 22 Compound 28 of Table I-6 616
Example 23
[0120] Referring to FIG. 1(a), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin film of ITO as the anode 12, having a resistivity of 20
.OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, and the compound (b) to a
thickness of 50 nm as the hole transport layer 13 by resistance
heating vacuum deposition, in this order. The hole transport layer
13 was coated with the compound 1 of Table I-1 and rubrene
(compound (f)) to a thickness of 50 nm also by resistance heating
vacuum deposition (codeposition at a rate ratio of 100:2), to form
the light-emitting layer 14. It was then coated with t-Bu-PBD
(compound (e)) to a thickness of 30 nm as the electron transport
layer 15 also by resistance heating vacuum deposition, and finally
MgAg (deposition rate ratio: 10:1) to a thickness of 150 nm as the
cathode 16 also by resistance heating vacuum deposition, in this
order.
[0121] It emitted very bright yellow color emission from the
light-emitting layer of the compound (f). Brightness of the light
was 1835 cd/m.sup.2 at a voltage of 8 V. ##STR112##
Synthesis Example 3
[0122] ##STR113##
[0123] 4-iodobenzyl chloride and triethyl phosphate were put in a
three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, to which
toluene was added and heated with stirring for 8 hours under
reflux. The mixture was purified by the common method, to obtain
diethyl 4-iodobenzylphosphonate. ##STR114##
[0124] Diethyl 4-iodobenzylphosphonate (shown by the formula (xii))
was reacted with 4-formyl-4',4''-dimethyltriphenylamine (shown by
the formula (viii)) in a solution of N,N-dimethylformamide
suspended with hydrogenated sodium at 40.degree. C. for 40 hours.
The mixture was purified by the common method, to obtain
4-(4-iodostyryl)-4',4''-dimethyltriphenylamine (shown by the
formula (xiv)). ##STR115##
[0125] 4-styrylaniline (shown by the formula (xv)),
4-(4-iodostyryl)-4',4''-dimethyltriphenylamine (shown by the
formula (xiv)), copper powder and potassium carbonate were added to
nitrobenzene, and they were allowed to react with one another at
200.degree. C. for 40 hours. The mixture was purified by the common
method) to obtain
4-styryl-4',4''-bis(4-(N,N-ditolylamino)styryl)triphenylamine
(shown by the formula (xvi)).
Synthesis Example 4
[0126] ##STR116##
[0127] 3-bromobenzyl chloride (shown by the formula (vi)) and
triethyl phosphite were put in a three-necked flask equipped with a
reflux condenser, to which toluene was added and heated with
stirring for 8 hours under reflux. The mixture was purified by the
common method, to obtain diethyl 3-bromobenzylphosphonate (shown by
the formula (vii)). ##STR117##
[0128] Diethyl 3-bromobenzylphosphonate (shown by the formula
(vii)) was reacted with 4-formyltriphenylamine (shown by the
formula (viii)) in a solution of N,N-dimethylformamide suspended
with hydrogenated sodium at 40.degree. C. for 40 hours. The mixture
was purified by common method, to obtain
4-(3-bromostyryl)triphenylamine (shown by the formula (ix)).
##STR118##
[0129] 4-styrylaniline (shown by the formula (xv)),
4-(3-bromostyryl)triphenylamine (shown by the formula (ix)), copper
powder and potassium carbonate were added to nitrobenzene and they
were allowed to react with one another at 200.degree. C. for 40
hours. The mixture was purified by common method, to obtain
4-styryl-3',3''-bis-(4-diphenylaminostyryl)triphenylamine (shown by
the formula (xvii)).
Example 24
[0130] Referring to FIG. 2(a), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin film of ITO (indium tin oxide) as the anode 12, having a
resistivity of 20 .OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, the compound
1 shown by Table II-1 to a thickness of 50 nm as the hole transport
layer 13 by resistance heating vacuum deposition,
tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum (compound (a)) to a thickness of
60 nm as the light-emitting layer 14 also by resistance heating
vacuum deposition, and finally MgAg (deposition rate ratio; 10:1)
to a thickness of 150 nm as the cathode 16 also by resistance
heating vacuum deposition, in this order. ##STR119##
[0131] Very bright green color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum.
Brightness of the light was 241 cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant
current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere,
and 160 cd/m.sup.2 after 1000 hours drive, by which is meant that
this organic EL device of tile present invention is more durable
than those prepared by Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
Examples 25 to 29
[0132] The same procedure as used for Example 24 was repeated,
except that the material applied to the hole transport layer was
replaced by tie compound shown by Table II-7, to prepare the
organic EL devices. They emitted very bright green color emission
from the light-emitting layers of
tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum. Brightness of the emitted light,
initial and after 1000 hours drive, is given in Table II-7 for each
device, at a constant current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried
nitrogen atmosphere. TABLE-US-00015 TABLE II-7 Brightness after
Hole transport Initial brightness 1000 hours drive Examples layer
(cd/m.sup.2) (cd/m.sup.2) 25 Compound 3 shown 232 166 by Table II-1
26 Compound 11 shown 237 175 by Table II-2 27 Compound 24 shown 254
192 by Table II-4 28 Compound 32 shown 261 190 by Table II-5 29
Compound 36 shown 225 169 by Table II-5
Example 30
[0133] Referring to FIG. 2(b), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin film of ITO as the anode 12, having a resistivity of 20
.OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, the compound 1 of Table II-1
to a thickness of 40 nm as the first hole transport layer 13a by
resistance heating vacuum deposition, compound (b) to a thickness
of 20 nm as the second hole transport layer 13b also by resistance
heating vacuum deposition, tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum
(compound (a)) to a thickness of 50 nm as the light-emitting layer
14 also by resistance heating vacuum deposition, and finally MgAg
(deposition rate ratio: 10:1) to a thickness of 150 nm as the
cathode 16 also by resistance heating vacuum deposition.
##STR120##
[0134] Very bright green color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum.
Brightness of the light was 294 cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant
current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere,
and 231 cd/m.sup.2 after 1000 hours drive.
Examples 31 to 35
[0135] The same procedure as used for Example 30 was repeated,
except that the material applied to the first hole transport layer
was replaced by the compound shown by Table II-8, to prepare the
organic EL devices. They emitted very bright green color emission
from the light-emitting layers of
tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum. Brightness of the emitted light,
initial and after 1000 hours drive, is given in Table II-8 for each
device, at a constant current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried
nitrogen atmosphere. TABLE-US-00016 TABLE II-8 Brightness after
First hole Initial brightness 1000 hours drive Examples transport
layer (cd/m.sup.2) (cd/m.sup.2) 8 Compound 3 shown 270 219 by Table
II-1 9 Compound 11 shown 279 238 by Table II-2 10 Compound 24 shown
299 255 by Table II-4 11 Compound 32 shown 303 247 by Table II-6 12
Compound 36 shown 273 231 by Table II-6
Example 36
[0136] Referring to FIG. 2(a), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin film of ITO as the anode 12, having a resistivity of 20
.OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering. The anode 12 was coated with a
solution, which was a mixture of the compound 1 of Table II-1 and
polycarbonate (Mitubishi Chemical, Z200) (1:1 by weight) dissolved
in tetrahydrofuran at 1.5 wt. %, by dip coating to a thickness of
50 nm, and dried at 80.degree. C. for 1 hour, to form the hole
transport layer 13. It was then coated with
tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum (compound (a)) to a thickness of
50 nm as the light-emitting layer 14 by resistance heating vacuum
deposition, and finally MgAg (deposition rate ratio: 10:1) to a
thickness of 150 nm as the cathode 16 also by resistance heating
vacuum deposition.
[0137] Very bright green color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum.
Brightness of the light was 222 cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant
current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere,
and 175 cd/m.sup.2 after 1000 hours drive.
Example 37
[0138] Referring to FIG. 2(a), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin film of ITO as the anode 12, having a resistivity of 20
.OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering. The anode 12 was coated with
the compound 1 of Table II-1 and compound (b) by resistance heating
vacuum deposition to a thickness of 50 nm (codeposition at a rate
ratio of 7:3), to form the hole transport layer 13. It was then
coated with tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum (compound (a)) to a
thickness of 50 nm as the light-emitting layer 14 also by
resistance heating vacuum deposition, and finally MgAg (deposition
rate ratio: 10:1) to a thickness of 150 nm as the cathode 16 also
by resistance heating vacuum deposition.
[0139] Very bright green color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum.
Brightness of the light was 262 cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant
current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere,
and 206 cd/m.sup.2 after 1000 hours drive.
Example 38
[0140] Referring to FIG. 1(a), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin film of ITO (indium tin oxide) as the anode 12, having a
resistivity of 20 .OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, the compound
1 shown by Table II-1 to a thickness of 50 nm as the hole transport
layer 13 by resistance heating vacuum deposition,
tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum (compound (a)) and DCM (compound
(c)) to a thickness of 30 nm as the light-emitting layer 14 also by
resistance heating vacuum deposition (codeposition at a rate ratio
of 1000:2), tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum to a thickness of 30
nm as the electron transport layer 15 also by resistance heating
vacuum deposition, and finally MgAg (deposition rate ratio: 10:1)
to a thickness of 150 nm as the cathode 16 also by resistance
heating vacuum deposition, in this order. ##STR121##
[0141] Very bright orange color planar-emission was performed from
the light,-emitting layer of DCM. Brightness of the light was 456
cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant current density of 10
mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere, and 324 cd/m.sup.2
after 1000 hours drive.
Example 39
[0142] Referring to FIG. 4, a glass substrate 11 was coated with a
thin film of ITO (indium tin oxide) as the anode 12, having a
resistivity of 20 .OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, copper
phthalocyanine (compound d) to a thickness of 10 nm as the anode
interface layer 17 by resistance heating vacuum deposition, the
compound 1 of Table II-1 to a thickness of 50 nm as the hole
transport layer 13 also by resistance beating vacuum deposition,
tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum (compound (a)) to a thickness of
50 nm as the light-emitting layer 14 also by resistance heating
vacuum deposition, and finally MgAg (deposition rate ratio: 10:1)
to a thickness of 150 nm as the cathode 16 also by resistance
heating vacuum deposition, in this order.
[0143] Very bright green color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum.
Brightness of the light was 252 cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant
current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere,
and 201 cd/m.sup.2 after 1000 hours drive. ##STR122##
Example 40
[0144] Referring to FIG. 1(a), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin film of ITO (indium tin oxide) as the anode 12, having a
resistivity of 20 .OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, the compound
(b) to a thickness of 50 nm as the hole transport layer 13 by
resistance heating vacuum deposition, compound 1 of Table II-1 to a
thickness of 50 nm as the light-emitting layer 14 also by
resistance heating vacuum deposition, t-Bu-PBD (compound (e)) to a
thickness of 30 nm as the electron transport layer 15 also by
resistance heating vacuum deposition, and finally MgAg (deposition
rate ratio: 10:1) to a thickness of 150 nm as the cathode 16 also
by resistance heating vacuum deposition, in this order.
[0145] Very bright blue color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of the compound 1 shown by Table II-1.
Brightness of the light was 903 cd/m.sup.2 at a voltage of 8 V, by
which is meant that this device has improved brightness
characteristics over the one prepared by Comparative Example 3.
##STR123##
Examples 41 to 45
[0146] The same procedure as used for Example 40 was repeated,
except that the material applied to the light-emitting layer was
replaced by the compound shown by Table II-9, to prepare the
organic EL devices. They emitted very bright emission from the
light-emitting layers. Brightness of the emitted light at a voltage
of 8 V is given in Table II-9 for each device. TABLE-US-00017 TABLE
II-9 Brightness at 8 V Examples Light-emitting layer (cd/m.sup.2)
18 Compound 3 shown by Table II-1 584 19 Compound 11 shown by Table
II-2 885 20 Compound 24 shown by Table II-4 967 21 Compound 32
shown by Table II-6 1002 22 Compound 36 shown by Table II-6 627
Example 46
[0147] Referring to FIG. 1(a), a glass substrate 11 was coated with
a thin ITO as the anode 12, having a resistivity of 20
.OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, and the compound (b) to a
thickness of 50 nm as the hole transport layer 13 by resistance
heating vacuum deposition, in this order. The hole transport layer
13 was coated with the compound 1 shown by Table II-1 and rubrene
(compound (f)) to a thickness of 50 nm also by resistance heating
vacuum deposition (codeposition at a rate ratio of 100:2), to form
the light-emitting layer 14. It was then coated with t-Bu-PBD
(compound (e)) to a thickness of 30 nm as the electron transport
layer 15 also by resistance heating vacuum deposition, and finally
MgAg (deposition rate ratio: 10:1) to a thickness of 150 nm as the
cathode 16 also by resistance heating vacuum deposition, in this
order.
[0148] Very bright yellow color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of the compound (f). Brightness of the
light was 2310 cd/m.sup.2 at a voltage of 8 V. ##STR124##
Comparative Example 1
[0149] A glass substrate was coated with a thin film of ITO (indium
tin oxide) as the anode, having a resistivity of 20
.OMEGA./.quadrature.,
N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine
to a thickness of 50 nm as the hole transport layer,
tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum (compound (a)) to a thickness of
60 nm as the light-emitting layer by vacuum deposition, and finally
MgAg (deposition rate ratio: 10:1) to a thickness of 150 nm as the
cathode also by vacuum deposition, in this order.
[0150] Very bright green color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum.
Brightness of the light was 212 cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant
current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere,
but declined to 51 cd/m.sup.2 after 630 hours drive, at which it
was broken.
Comparative Example 2
[0151] A glass substrate was coated with a thin film of ITO (indium
tin oxide) as the anode, having a resistivity of 20
.OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, the compound (g) to a
thickness of 50 nm as the hole transport layer by resistance
heating vacuum deposition, tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum
(compound (a)) to a thickness of 60 nm as the light-emitting layer
also by resistance heating vacuum deposition, and finally MgAg
(deposition rate-ratio: 10:1) to a thickness of 150 nm as the
cathode also by resistance heating vacuum deposition, in this
order. ##STR125##
[0152] Very bright green color planar-emission was performed from
the light-emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxquinolinol)aluminum.
Brightness of the light was 223 cd/m.sup.2 initially at a constant
current density of 10 mA/cm.sup.2 in a dried nitrogen atmosphere,
and 125 cd/m.sup.2 after 1000 hours drive.
Comparative Example 3
[0153] A glass substrate was coated with a thin film of ITO (indium
tin oxide) as tie anode, having a resistivity of 20
.OMEGA./.quadrature., by sputtering, the compound (b) to a
thickness of 50 nm as the hole transport layer by resistance
heating vacuum deposition, compound (g) to a thickness of 50 nm as
the light-emitting layer also by resistance heating vacuum
deposition, t-Bu-PBD (compound (e)) to a thickness of 30 nm as the
electron transport layer also by resistance heating vacuum
deposition, and finally MgAg (deposition rate-ratio: 10:1) to a
thickness of 150 nm as the cathode also by resistance heating
vacuum deposition, in this order.
[0154] Blue color plane-emission was performed from the
light-emitting layer of the compound g. Brightness of the light was
184 cd/m.sup.2 at a voltage of 8 V.
[0155] As described above, the present invention provides a
durable, organic EL device emitting light of high brightness.
Therefore, the present invention can provide an excellent EL
material and EL device for full-color EL displays.
* * * * *