U.S. patent application number 11/476533 was filed with the patent office on 2006-11-02 for fragrance compositions.
Invention is credited to Gabor Heltovics, Lynette Anne Makins Holland, Jill Maureen Mattila, Jane Margaret Warwick.
Application Number | 20060243322 11/476533 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 29407312 |
Filed Date | 2006-11-02 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060243322 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Heltovics; Gabor ; et
al. |
November 2, 2006 |
Fragrance compositions
Abstract
A composition comprising: (a) a fragrance oil comprising: (i)
top note perfume raw material, or mixture of perfume raw materials,
with a boiling point of less than, or equal to, about 250.degree.
C. at 1 atmosphere pressure; (ii) middle or base note perfume raw
material, or mixture of perfume raw materials, with a boiling point
of greater than 250.degree. C. at 1 atmosphere pressure; (b) an
entrapment material which is selected from the group consisting of
polymers; capsules, microcapsules and nanocapsules; liposomes;
pro-perfumes selected from more than 1 type of pro-chemistry; film
formers; absorbents; cyclic oligosaccharides and mixtures thereof;
(c) greater than 50% volatile solvent; wherein the weight ratio of
the top note perfume raw materials to middle or base note perfume
raw materials within the fragrance oil is in the range from about
1:20 to about 20:1. The present invention provides compositions
wherein the light, fresh, fruity, citrus, green or delicate floral
top note fragrance character remains detectable for greater than
about 2 hours, preferably greater than about 4 hours, more
preferably greater than about 6 hours, after the composition has
been applied to the substrate.
Inventors: |
Heltovics; Gabor; (Budapest,
HU) ; Holland; Lynette Anne Makins; (Watford, GB)
; Mattila; Jill Maureen; (Greensboro, NC) ;
Warwick; Jane Margaret; (Willerby, GB) |
Correspondence
Address: |
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY;INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DIVISION
WINTON HILL BUSINESS CENTER - BOX 161
6110 CENTER HILL AVENUE
CINCINNATI
OH
45224
US
|
Family ID: |
29407312 |
Appl. No.: |
11/476533 |
Filed: |
June 28, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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10300404 |
Nov 20, 2002 |
|
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11476533 |
Jun 28, 2006 |
|
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PCT/US01/17734 |
Jun 1, 2001 |
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10300404 |
Nov 20, 2002 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
137/8 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/738 20130101;
A61K 8/37 20130101; A61K 2800/56 20130101; A61Q 13/00 20130101;
A61K 8/27 20130101; A61K 8/345 20130101; Y10T 137/0357
20150401 |
Class at
Publication: |
137/008 |
International
Class: |
B08B 3/00 20060101
B08B003/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 6, 2000 |
GB |
GB0013534.3 |
Mar 11, 2000 |
GB |
GB0026969.6 |
Claims
1. A method of treating laundry comprising the step of using an
article, wherein the article comprises: (a) a substrate and; (b) a
laundry composition comprising: (i) a capsule, microcapsule, or
nanocapsule; and (ii) a fragrance oil; wherein the capsule,
microcapsule, or nanocapsule encapsulates a fragrance oil; and
wherein the capsule, microcapsule, or nanocapsule is ruptured
mechanically before the fragrance oil is released.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the encapsulated fragrance oil is
physically associated with the capsule, microcapsule, or
nanocapsule.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the encapsulated fragrance oil
forms a reversible association with the capsule, microcapsule, or
nanocapsule
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the capsule, microcapsule, or
nanocapsule is water insensitive.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the fragrance oil comprises
perfume raw materials, and wherein the 5% to about 60% of the
perfume raw material, by weight of the fragrance oil, comprise a
boiling point of less than or equal to about 250.degree. C.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the boiling point is measured at
1 atmosphere.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein from about 20% to about 40% of
the raw perfume ingredients comprise an odour detection threshold
of less than or equal to 50 parts per billion.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the odour detection threshold is
less than or equal to 10 parts per billion.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein from about 20% to about 40% of
the raw perfume ingredients comprise an odour detection threshold
of less than or equal to 50 parts per billion.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the encapsulate fragrance oil is
encapsulated by the microcapsule.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the laundry composition
comprises from about 0.1% to about 5% water.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the laundry composition is
substantially free of water.
13. The method of claim 4, wherein the laundry composition
comprises from about 0.1% to about 5% water.
14. The method of claim 4, wherein the laundry composition is
substantially free of water.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This is a continuation U.S. patent application Ser. No.
10/300,404, filed Nov. 20, 2002 (now U.S. Publication No.
2003/0211125A1, published Nov. 13, 2003), which is a continuation
of of International Application PCT/US01/17734, filed Jun. 1,
2001.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to compositions, in particular
cosmetic compositions, and more particularly fragrance
compositions, which comprise a fragrance oil, an entrapment
material and greater than 50% volatile solvent, wherein the
fragrance oil comprises both "top note" and "middle and base note"
perfume raw materials wherein the weight ratio of the two types of
fragrance raw materials is in the range from about 1:20 to about
20:1. More particularly this invention relates to cosmetic
compositions wherein the fragrance character of the "top note"
perfume raw materials remains detectable on the substrate for at
least 2 hours after application. Compositions of the present
invention are suitable for application to a wide variety of
substrates but particularly to the skin and hair.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
[0003] It has long been a feature of many types of compositions,
including cosmetic compositions, that they comprise a fragrance oil
for the purpose of delivering a pleasant smell. This can improve
the overall consumer acceptance of the composition or mask
unpleasant odours. In fact, it can be the sole purpose of some
compositions to impart a pleasant odour to the skin, hair or other
suitable substrate.
[0004] Fragrance oils used within cosmetic compositions usually
comprise many different perfume raw materials. Each perfume raw
material used differs from another by several important properties
including individual character, volatility and the olfactory
detection level (known as the odour detection threshold). By
bearing in mind these different properties, and others, the perfume
raw material can be blended to develop a fragrance oil with an
overall specific character profile. It is usual that the character
is designed to alter and develop with time as the different perfume
raw materials evaporate from the substrate and are detected by the
user. For example perfume raw materials which have a high
volatility and low substantivity are commonly used to give an
initial burst of characters such as light, fresh, fruity, citrus,
green or delicate floral to the fragrance oil which are detected
soon after application. Such materials are commonly referred to in
the field of fragrances as "top notes". By way of a contrast, the
less volatile, and more substantive, perfume raw materials are
typically used to give characters such as musk, sweet, balsamic,
spicy, woody or heavy floral to the fragrance oil which, although
may also be detected soon after application, also last for longer.
These materials are commonly referred to as "middle notes" or "base
notes". Highly skilled perfumers are usually employed to carefully
blend perfume raw materials so that the resultant fragrance oils
have the desired overall fragrance character profile.
[0005] To date, the physical characteristics of the perfume raw
materials themselves have limited the overall fragrance character
profiles that can be created by perfumers. One such limitation is
that it has only been possible to develop fragrance oils which
impart a "top note" character for a short period of time. This is
because the top note perfume raw materials are highly volatile and
are therefore rapidly released from the substrate. As such, the
longer lasting element of a fragrance character profile has been
achieved by using middle and base notes which in turn restricts the
achievable characters to musk, sweet, balsamic, spicy, woody or
heavy floral and the like. Blending of higher levels of top note
perfume raw materials to a fragrance oil does not improve the long
lasting nature of the light, fresh, fruity, citrus, green, or
delicate floral "top note" fragrance character, but instead could
result in a stronger initial burst which again quickly evaporates
and does not therefore last.
[0006] It is known that consumer preference for fragrance
compositions is mostly driven by the initial "top note" character.
It is therefore desirable to have a fragrance wherein the "top
note" character is long lasting and perceived throughout use (ie
after application of the composition to the substrate). It is also
desirable to be able to create new to the world fragrance character
profiles wherein one, or several, well recognised "top note"
characters are maintained overtime such that a unique long lasting,
"top, middle and base note" character is created. As such, it would
be advantageous to be able to create a fragrance oil which will
impart, in a new way, top note fragrance characteristics to a
composition wherein the top note character is released from the
composition over a substantial period of time, and, in particular,
where the top note fragrance character remains detectable at least
two hours after application.
[0007] In the past, many attempts have been made to delay the
volatility profiles of fragrance oils within many types of
compositions to extend the overall fragrance effect. For instance
the fragrance oil may be formulated to include a higher proportion
of perfume raw materials with a low volatility and which are
therefore more substantive on the substrate. However, as discussed
above, this restricts the fragrance character that can be achieved
over time. Another approach has been to chemically, and reversibly,
modify the perfume raw materials to a pro-perfume compound which is
disclosed in patent applications WO 98/47477; WO 99/43667; WO
98/07405; WO 98/47478; all of which are incorporated herein by
reference. The resultant pro-perfumes are not themselves volatile
but, after the chemical modification is reversed, usually by
hydrolysis upon application to the substrate, the perfume raw
material is released and can then evaporate in the usual way. In
these examples the release rate of the perfume raw materials is
controlled by the reaction rate of the pro-perfume to perfume raw
material transformation.
[0008] Further disclosures have discussed improving the overall
longevity of a fragrance by delaying the evaporation of the
fragrance oils. A wide variety of techniques have been disclosed
among them encapsulation of the perfume raw materials for example
within capsules (disclosed in JP-A-58/052211, EP-A-303,461),
absorbing the materials to a surface for example by using carbon or
zeolites (disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,033,679), occluding the
release of the perfume raw materials for example by the formation
of a film (disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,939,099) and complexing the
perfume raw materials for example by using cyclic oligosaccharides.
The prior art on this latter method includes JP-A-6/287127 and
JP-A-8/176587 which disclose use of hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrins
within cosmetic compositions to sustain the effect of the
fragrance; and JP-A-8/183719 and JP-A-10/120541 which discloses a
combination of cyclodextrin encapsulated fragrance and non
encapsulated fragrance within a deodorant composition for
prolonging the fragrance duration to at least 2 hours, all of which
are incorporated herein by reference.
[0009] Whilst the compositions and disclosures of the prior art
provide useful teachings for prolonging the overall fragrance
character of a cosmetic composition the approaches still have
limitations. The pro-perfume approach is limited by those chemical
modifications that can suitably be made to the perfume raw
materials. In addition, the prior art is restricted by pro
chemistries used, or by the use of low levels of pro perfumes, thus
preventing the development of a fragrance oil which exhibits a
broad range of top note characters over time. On the other hand,
entrapment materials, when used in the traditional way, interact
with a broad range of perfume materials including top, middle and
base notes prolonging the overall character of the whole fragrance.
As such the prior art does not sufficiently teach how to
preferentially delay evaporation of a large range of top note
perfume materials within a single fragrance composition. In
addition since, in general, entrapment such as that described
suppresses the evaporation of only a relatively small amount of the
perfume raw materials, the low level of delayed release is often
not noticeable to the user. As such the prior art does not
adequately teach how to provide a fragrance with long lasting and
noticeable "top note" character.
[0010] Surprisingly, it has now been found that compositions,
particularly cosmetic compositions, comprising a fragrance oil and
a material which is able to delay the evaporation of the fragrance
oil, wherein the fragrance oil is blended to comprise volatile "top
notes" and residual "middle and base notes", wherein the weight
ratio between these two types of notes is in the range from about
1:20 to about 20:1, and preferably in conjunction with a balance of
perfume raw materials with a low odour detection threshold, can be
used to create a long lasting fragrance character profile which has
prolonged, and noticeable, "top note" characteristics. In addition,
it has been found that within such fragrance oils, long lasting
"top note" character can be combined with "middle and base note"
characters to uniquely achieve a long lasting fragrance character
profile with a broad spectrum of "top, middle and base notes" that
it would not have been possible to develop using traditional
perfumery.
[0011] While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that
when a composition according to the present invention is applied to
a substrate an association exists between the perfume raw materials
and the entrapment material such that the evaporation of the
perfume raw materials is delayed. Over time, this association
breaks down resulting in release of the perfume raw materials.
Since the composition comprises a fragrance oil which has been
developed with a given ratio of "top note" perfume raw materials to
"middle and base note" perfume raw materials, the "top note"
character continues to be experienced by the user over time. In
addition, since the fragrance oil can preferably be developed with
a balance of perfume raw materials with a low odour detection
threshold, the user will experience a meaningful and novel
fragrance character profile over time. This is because the perfume
raw materials continue to remain detectable even though only a
relatively small level is being released.
[0012] In addition, because the volatilisation rate of any given
ingredient has, until now, been mainly related to its own boiling
point, it has not been possible to obtain recurring and
intermittent blooms (or pulses) of specific fragrance characters
throughout the complete usage period. Surprisingly it has now been
found that, once a substrate has been fragranced using a
composition of the present invention, the fragrance can be
refreshed over time, either naturally or deliberately, to release
periodic and unexpected blooms of one or several fragrance
characters. Whilst not wishing to be bound by theory, it is
believed that this can be achieved by enhancing the natural
decomposition rate of the fragrance oil entrapment material
association for example by application of water, either naturally
by breathing on the complex or by sweating, or artificially by
spraying on a mist and the like. This "activation" results in the
user experiencing a noticeable bloom of fragrance character.
Surprisingly it has been found that it is possible to "activate"
this complex, and thus generate fragrance blooms, several times
during the wear. It is also believed that the negative consumer
perception of becoming used to a scent can be minimised or
prevented as a result of periodic "activation" resulting in an
unexpected perceptible altering in the overall character of the
fragrance.
[0013] It is an object of the present invention to provide
compositions, particularly cosmetic compositions, which impart a
long lasting and noticeable light, fresh, fruity, citrus, green or
delicate floral "top note" fragrance character to the substrate on
which they are applied. This, and other objects of this invention,
will become apparent in light of the following disclosure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] The present invention relates to a composition comprising:
[0015] (a) a fragrance oil comprising: [0016] (i) top note perfume
raw material, or mixture of perfume raw materials, with a boiling
point of less than, or equal to, about 250.degree. C. at 1
atmosphere pressure; [0017] (ii) middle or base note perfume raw
material, or mixture of perfume raw materials, with a boiling point
of greater than 250.degree. C. at 1 atmosphere pressure; [0018] (b)
an entrapment material which is selected from the group consisting
of polymers; capsules, microcapsules and nanocapsules; liposomes;
pro-perfumes selected from more than 1 type of pro-chemistry; film
formers; absorbents; cyclic oligosaccharides and mixtures thereof;
[0019] (c) greater than 50% volatile solvent; wherein the weight
ratio of the top note perfume raw materials to middle or base note
perfume raw materials within the fragrance oil is in the range from
about 1:20 to about 20:1.
[0020] This invention further relates to methods of use for such
compositions and the use of such compositions to delay the release
of the volatile perfume raw materials from the substrate.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0021] All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight of the
total composition and all measurements made are at 25.degree. C.,
unless otherwise designated. Unless otherwise indicated all
percentages, ratios and levels of ingredients referred to herein
are based on the actual amount of the ingredient, and do not
include solvent, fillers or other materials which may be combined
with the ingredient in commercially available products.
[0022] All publications cited herein are hereby incorporated by
reference in their entirety, unless otherwise indicated.
[0023] The term "dermatologically-acceptable," as used herein,
means that the compositions, or components thereof, are suitable
for use in contact with human skin without undue toxicity,
incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and the like.
[0024] The term "safe and effective amount" as used herein means an
amount of a compound, component, or composition sufficient to
significantly induce a positive benefit, but low enough to avoid
serious side effects, i.e. to provide a reasonable benefit to risk
ratio, within the scope of sound medical judgement.
[0025] Active and other ingredients useful herein may be
categorised or described herein by their cosmetic and/or
therapeutic benefit or their postulated mode of action. However, it
is to be understood that the active and other ingredients useful
herein can in some instances provide more than one cosmetic and/or
therapeutic benefit or operate via more than one mode of action.
Therefore, classifications herein are made for the sake of
convenience and are not intended to limit an ingredient to the
particularly stated application or applications listed.
[0026] The elements of these compositions are described in more
detail below.
Fragrance Oil
[0027] Compositions of the present invention preferably comprise
from about 0.01% to about 99%, preferably from about 0.25% to about
50%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 40%, even more
preferably from about 1% to about 25%, and most preferably from
about 2.5% to about 25%, by weight, of the fragrance oil.
[0028] As used herein the term "fragrance oil" relates to the
mixture of perfume raw materials that are used to impart an overall
pleasant odour profile to a composition. As used herein the term
"perfume raw material" relates to any chemical compound which is
odiferous when in an un-entrapped state, for example in the case of
pro-perfumes, the perfume component is considered, for the purposes
of this invention, to be a perfume raw material, and the
pro-chemistry anchor is considered to be the entrapment material.
In addition "perfume raw materials" are defined by materials with a
ClogP value preferably greater than about 0.1, more preferably
greater than about 0.5, even more preferably greater than about
1.0. As used herein the term "ClogP" means the logarithm to base 10
of the octanol/water partition coefficient. This can be readily
calculated from a programme called "CLOGP" which is available from
Daylight Chemical Information Systems Inc., Irvine Calif., USA.
Octanol/water partition coefficients are described in more detail
in U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,563.
[0029] Within the present invention, by mixing together several
different perfume raw materials within the given "top note" to
"middle and base note" weight ratio ranges a fragrance oil can be
achieved which, when used in a composition, particularly a cosmetic
composition, in conjunction with an entrapment material, is able to
impart a particular long lasting character, which includes "top
note" characters, to the composition in which it is used. The
mixture of perfume raw materials used will be carefully chosen and
blended to achieve a fragrance oil with the desired overall
fragrance character profile.
[0030] The fragrance oil itself can comprise any perfume raw
material suitable for use in the composition, particularly in
cosmetic compositions. Overall the fragrance oil will most often be
liquid at ambient temperatures and consist of a single individual
perfume raw material. A wide variety of chemicals are known for
fragrance uses, including materials such as aldehydes, ketones and
esters. However, naturally occurring plant and animal oils and
exudates comprising complex mixtures of various chemical components
are also commonly known for use as fragrances. The individual
perfume raw materials which comprise a known natural oil can be
found by reference to Journals commonly used by those skilled in
the art such as "Perfume and Flavourist" or "Journal of Essential
Oil Research". In addition some perfume raw materials are supplied
by the fragrance houses as mixtures in the form of proprietary
speciality accords.
[0031] In order that fragrance oils can be developed with the
appropriate character for the present invention the perfume raw
materials have been classified based upon two key physical
characteristics: [0032] (i) boiling point (BP) measured at 1
atmosphere pressure. The boiling point of many fragrance materials
are given in Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals),
Steffen Arctander (1969). Perfume raw materials for use in the
present invention are divided into volatile raw materials (which
have a boiling point of less than, or equal to, about 250.degree.
C.) and residual raw materials (which have a boiling point of
greater than about 250.degree. C., preferably greater than about
275.degree. C.). Volatile raw materials, for the purposes of this
invention, are considered to be those that impart "top note" ie
light, fresh, fruity, citrus, green or delicate floral characters
to the fragrance oil and the like. Similarly the residual perfume
raw materials are considered to be those that impart "middle or
base note" ie musk, sweet, balsamic, spicy, woody or heavy floral
characters to the fragrance oil and the like. All perfume raw
materials will preferably have boiling points (BP) of about
500.degree. C. or lower. [0033] (ii) odour detection threshold
which is defined as the lowest vapour concentration of that
material which can be olfactorily detected. The odour detection
threshold and some odour detection threshold values are discussed
in e.g., "Standardized Human Olfactory Thresholds", M. Devos et al,
IRL Press at Oxford University Press, 1990, and "Compilation of
Odor and Taste Threshold Values Data", F. A. Fazzalar, editor ASTM
Data Series DS 48A, American Society for Testing and Materials,
1978, both of said publications being incorporated by reference.
Perfume raw materials for use in the present invention can be
classified as those with a low odour detection threshold of less
than 50 parts per billion, preferably less than 10 parts per
billion and those with a high odour detection threshold which are
detectable at greater than 50 parts per billion (values as
determined from the reference above).
[0034] Since, in general, perfume raw materials refer to a single
individual compound, their physical properties (such ClogP, boiling
point, odour detection threshold) can be found by referencing the
texts cited above. In the case that the perfume raw material is a
natural oil, which comprises a mixture of several compounds, the
physical properties of the complete oil should be taken as the
weighted average of the individual components. In the case that the
perfume raw material is a proprietary speciality accord the
physical properties should be obtain from the Supplier.
[0035] In order to develop fragrance oils that are suitable for use
in the present invention it is necessary that the weight ratio of
volatile "top note" to residual "middle and base notes" perfume raw
materials within the fragrance oil is in the range from about 1:20
to about 20:1, preferably from about 1:10 to about 10:1, more
preferably from about 8:1 to about 1:2, most preferably from about
1.2:1 to about 1:1.2. It is preferred that the fragrance oil
comprises about 5% or greater, more preferably about 5% to about
99%, even more preferably from about 5% to about 70%, further more
preferably from about 10% to about 60%, and most preferably from
about 25% to about 60%, by weight of fragrance oil, of volatile
"top note" perfume raw materials ie with a boiling point of less
than, or equal to, about 250.degree. C. It is preferred that the
fragrance oil also comprises from about 0.01% to about 95%,
preferably from about 5% to about 85%, more preferably from about
10% to about 60%, by weight of fragrance oil, of the residual
"middle and base note" perfume raw materials ie those with a
boiling point of greater than about 250.degree. C. In a very
specific embodiment of this application the weight ratio of
volatile "top note" to residual "middle and base notes" perfume raw
materials within the fragrance oil is in the range from about 1:20
to about 1:19 and less than about 5%, by weight of the fragrance
oil, of top note perfume raw materials. This embodiment allows for
the fragrance character of a composition to be prolonged but is
useful for preparing fragrance characters wherein the specific "top
note" characters are less desirable, for example fragrance for use
in male toiletries and the like.
[0036] Additionally, in order to develop fragrance oils with an
appropriate character profile over time, it is preferred that
within the fragrance oil a balance of perfume raw materials are
used which have a low odour detection threshold. It is preferred
for use herein that the "top note" perfume raw materials within the
fragrance oil comprise 5% or greater, by weight of the "top note"
perfume raw materials, of "top note" perfume raw materials which
have an odour detection level of less than, or equal to, 50 parts
per billion, preferably less than 10 parts per billion. In addition
it is highly preferred that the "middle or base note" perfume raw
materials within the fragrance oil comprise 10% or greater, more
preferably 20% or greater and most preferably 50% or greater, by
weight of the "middle or base note" raw materials, of "middle
notes" or "base notes", or a mixture thereof, with an odour
detection threshold of less than, or equal to, 50 parts per
billion, preferably less than 10 parts per billion. Since materials
with low odour detection levels can be detected when only very
small levels are present, they are particularly useful for
developing the long lasting character of the fragrance oil released
over time from the entrapment material. Overall it is preferred
that the whole fragrance oil comprise from about 5% to about 95%,
preferably from about 20% to about 75%, more preferably from about
25% to about 50% and even more preferably from about 25% to about
40%, by weight of the fragrance oil, high odour impact perfume raw
materials.
[0037] It is a further feature of the present invention that, the
fragrance oil preferably comprising a balance of perfume raw
materials with a low odour detection threshold, such that the
compositions can comprise lower levels of fragrance oil than would
traditionally be present. This can be advantageous for minimising
skin sensitisation and also for reducing overall costs. As such,
compositions of the present invention can preferably comprise from
about 1% to about 15%, more preferably from about 1% to about 8%,
by weight, of fragrance oil.
[0038] In general a broad range of suitable perfume raw materials
can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,145,184, U.S. Pat. No. 4,209,417,
U.S. Pat. No. 4,515,705, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,272. Non-limiting
examples of perfume raw materials which are useful for blending to
formulate fragrance oils for the present invention are given below.
Any perfume raw materials, natural oils or proprietary speciality
accords known to a person skilled in the art can be used within the
present invention.
[0039] Volatile perfume raw materials ("top notes") useful in the
present invention are selected from, but are not limited to,
aldehydes with a relative molecular mass of less than or equal to
about 200, esters with a relative molecular mass of less than or
equal to about 225, terpenes with a relative molecular mass of less
than or equal to about 200, alcohols with a relative molecular mass
of less than or equal to about 200 ketones with a relative
molecular mass of less than or equal to about 200, nitriles,
pyrazines, and mixtures thereof.
[0040] Examples of volatile "top note" perfume raw materials having
a boiling point of less than, or equal to, 250.degree. C., with a
low odour detection are selected from, but are not limited to,
anethol, methyl heptine carbonate, ethyl aceto acetate, para
cymene, nerol, decyl aldehyde, para cresol, methyl phenyl carbinyl
acetate, ionone alpha, ionone beta, undecylenic aldehyde, undecyl
aldehyde, 2,6-nonadienal, nonyl aldehyde, octyl aldehyde. Further
examples of volatile perfume raw materials having a boiling point
of less than, or equal to, 250.degree. C., which are generally
known to have a low odour detection threshold include, but are not
limited to, phenyl acetaldehyde, anisic aldehyde, benzyl acetone,
ethyl-2-methyl butyrate, damascenone, damascone alpha, damascone
beta, flor acetate, frutene, fructone, herbavert, iso cyclo citral,
methyl isobutenyl tetrahydro pyran, iso propyl quinoline,
2,6-nonadien-1-ol, 2-methoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-pyrazine, methyl
octine carbonate, tridecene-2-nitrile, allyl amyl glycolate,
cyclogalbanate, cyclal C, melonal, gamma nonalactone, cis
1,3-oxathiane-2-methyl-4-propyl.
[0041] Other volatile "top note" perfume raw materials having a
boiling point of less than, or equal to, 250.degree. C., which are
useful in the present invention, which have a high odour detection
threshold, are selected from, but are not limited to, benzaldehyde,
benzyl acetate, camphor, carvone, borneol, bornyl acetate, decyl
alcohol, eucalyptol, linalool, hexyl acetate, iso-amyl acetate,
thymol, carvacrol, limonene, menthol, iso-amyl alcohol, phenyl
ethyl alcohol, alpha pinene, alpha terpineol, citronellol, alpha
thujone, benzyl alcohol, beta gamma hexenol, dimethyl benzyl
carbinol, phenyl ethyl dimethyl carbinol, adoxal, allyl cyclohexane
propionate, beta pinene, citral, citronellyl acetate, citronellal
nitrile, dihydro myrcenol, geraniol, geranyl acetate, geranyl
nitrile, hydroquinone dimethyl ether, hydroxycitronellal, linalyl
acetate, phenyl acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, phenyl propyl
alcohol, prenyl acetate, triplal, tetrahydrolinalool, verdox,
cis-3-hexenyl acetate.
[0042] Examples of residual "middle and base note" perfume raw
materials having a boiling point of greater than 250.degree. C.,
which have a low odour detection threshold are selected from, but
are not limited to, ethyl methyl phenyl glycidate, ethyl vanillin,
heliotropin, indol, methyl anthranilate, vanillin, amyl salicylate,
coumarin. Further examples of residual perfume raw materials having
a boiling point of greater than 250.degree. C. which are generally
known to have a low odour detection threshold include, but are not
limited to, ambrox, bacdanol, benzyl salicylate, butyl
anthranilate, cetalox, ebanol, cis-3-hexenyl salicylate, lilial,
gamma undecalactone, gamma dodecalactone, gamma decalactone,
calone, cymal, dihydro iso jasmonate, iso eugenol, lyral, methyl
beta naphthyl ketone, beta naphthol methyl ether, para hydroxyl
phenyl butanone, 8-cyclohexadecen-1-one,
oxocyclohexadecen-2-one/habanolide, florhydral, intreleven
aldehyde.
[0043] Other residual "middle and base note" perfume raw materials
having a boiling point of greater than 250.degree. C. which are
useful in the present invention, but which have a high odour
detection threshold, are selected from, but are not limited to,
eugenol, amyl cinnamic aldehyde, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, hexyl
salicylate, methyl dihydro jasmonate, sandalore, veloutone,
undecavertol, exaltolide/cyclopentadecanolide, zingerone, methyl
cedrylone, sandela, dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate, dimethyl
benzyl carbinyl isobutyrate, triethyl citrate, cashmeran, phenoxy
ethyl isobutyrate, iso eugenol acetate, helional, iso E super,
ionone gamma methyl, pentalide, galaxolide, phenoxy ethyl
propionate.
Entrapment Material
[0044] Compositions of the present invention comprise an entrapment
material preferably at a level of from about 0.1% to about 95%,
preferably from about 0.5% to about 50%, more preferably from about
1% to about 25% and even more preferably from about 2% to about 8%,
by weight, of an entrapment material.
[0045] As defined herein an "entrapment material" is any material
which, after application of the composition to a substrate,
suppresses the volatility of the perfume raw materials within the
fragrance oil thus delaying their evaporation. It is not necessary
that the entrapment material forms an association with the perfume
raw material within the composition itself, only that this
association exists on the substrate after application of the
composition. Non limiting examples of mechanisms by which the delay
in evaporation may occur are by the entrapment material reversibly
or irreversibly, physically or chemically associating with the
perfume raw material through complexing, encapsulating, occluding,
absorbing, binding, or otherwise adsorbing the perfume raw
materials of the fragrance oil.
[0046] As defined herein "reversible entrapment" means that any
entrapment material: perfume raw material association in which the
association can be broken down so that the entrapment material and
perfume raw materials are released from each other. As defined
herein "irreversible entrapment" means that the entrapment
material: perfume raw material association cannot be broken down.
As defined herein "chemically associated" means that the entrapment
material and perfume raw material are linked through a covalent,
ionic, hydrogen or other type of chemical bond. As defined herein
"physically associated" means that the entrapment material and
perfume raw material are linked through a bond with a weaker force
such as a Van der Waals force. Highly preferred is that, upon the
substrate, the entrapment material and the perfume raw material
form a reversible physical or chemical association.
[0047] As defined herein "to delay the evaporation of a perfume raw
material" means to slow down or inhibit the evaporation rate of
said perfume raw material from the substrate such that the
fragrance "top note" character of the perfume raw material is
detectable for at least 2 hours after application to the
substrate.
[0048] Entrapment materials for use herein are selected from
polymers; capsules, microcapsules and nanocapsules; liposomes;
pro-perfumes selected from more than 1 type of pro-chemistry; film
formers; absorbents; cyclic oligosaccharides and mixtures thereof.
Preferred are pro-perfumes selected from more than 1 type of
pro-chemistry, absorbents and cyclic oligosaccharides and mixtures
thereof. Highly preferred are cyclic oligosaccharides.
[0049] Within the entrapment association it is preferred that the
weight ratio of top note perfume raw material to entrapment
material within the associated form is in the range from about 1:20
to about 20:1, more preferably in the range from about 1:10 to
about 10:1, even more preferably in the range from about 1:10 to
about 1:4.
Complexation Using for Example Cyclic Oligosaccharides
[0050] It is highly preferred for compositions of the present
invention that the entrapment material reversibly, chemically and
physically complexes the perfume raw materials. Non limiting, and
preferred, examples of entrapment materials that can act in this
way are cyclic oligosaccharides, or mixtures of different cyclic
oligosaccharides.
[0051] As used herein, the term "cyclic oligosaccharide" means a
cyclic structure comprising six or more saccharide units. Preferred
for use herein are cyclic oligosaccharides having six, seven or
eight saccharide units and mixtures thereof, more preferably six or
seven saccharide units and even more preferably seven saccharide
units. It is common in the art to abbreviate six, seven and eight
membered cyclic oligosaccharides to .alpha., .beta. and .gamma.
respectively.
[0052] The cyclic oligosaccharide of the compositions used for the
present invention may comprise any suitable saccharide or mixtures
of saccharides. Examples of suitable saccharides include, but are
not limited to, glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, maltose and
mixtures thereof. However, preferred for use herein are cyclic
oligosaccharides of glucose. The preferred cyclic oligosaccharides
for use herein are .alpha.-cyclodextrins or .beta.-cyclodextrins,
or mixtures thereof, and the most preferred cyclic oligosaccharides
for use herein are .beta.-cyclodextrins.
[0053] The cyclic oligosaccharide, or mixture of cyclic
oligosaccharides, for use herein may be substituted by any suitable
substituent or mixture of substituents. Herein the use of the term
"mixture of substituents" means that two or more different suitable
substituents can be substituted onto one cyclic oligosaccharide.
The derivatives of cyclodextrins consist mainly of molecules
wherein some of the OH groups have been substituted. Suitable
substituents include, but are not limited to, alkyl groups;
hydroxyalkyl groups; dihydroxyalkyl groups; (hydroxyalkyl)alkylenyl
bridging groups such as cyclodextrin glycerol ethers; aryl groups;
maltosyl groups; allyl groups; benzyl groups; alkanoyl groups;
cationic cyclodextrins such as those containing
2-hydroxy-3-(dimethylamino) propyl ether; quaternary ammonium
groups; anionic cyclodextrins such as carboxyalkyl groups,
sulphobutylether groups, sulphate groups, and succinylates;
amphoteric cyclodextrins; and mixtures thereof. Other cyclodextrin
derivatives are disclosed in copending application U.S. Ser. No.
09/32192 (27.sup.th May 1999), all of which are incorporated herein
by reference.
[0054] The substituents may be saturated or unsaturated, straight
or branched chain. Preferred substituents include saturated and
straight chain alkyl groups, hydroxyalkyl groups and mixtures
thereof. Preferred alkyl and hydroxyalkyl substituents are selected
from C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups or mixtures
thereof, more preferred alkyl and hydroxyalkyl substituents are
selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups or
mixtures thereof, even more preferred alkyl and hydroxyalkyl
substituents are selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl or
hydroxyalkyl groups and mixtures thereof. Especially preferred
alkyl and hydroxyalkyl substituents are propyl, ethyl and methyl,
more especially hydroxypropyl and methyl and even more preferably
methyl.
[0055] Preferred cyclic oligosaccharides for use in the present
invention are unsubstituted, or are substituted by only saturated
straight chain alkyl, or hydroxyalkyl substituents. Therefore,
preferred examples of cyclic oligosaccharides for use herein are
.alpha.-cyclodextrin, .beta.-cyclodextrin,
methyl-.alpha.-cyclodextrin, methyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
hydroxypropyl-.alpha.-cyclodextrin and
hydroxypropyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin. Most preferred examples of
cyclic oligosaccharides for use herein are
methyl-.alpha.-cyclodextrin and methyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin. These
are available from Wacker-Chemie GmbH Hanns-Seidel-Platz 4,
Munchen, DE under the tradename Alpha W6 M and Beta W7 M
respectively. Especially preferred is
methyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin.
[0056] Methods of modifying cyclic oligosaccharides are well known
in the art. For example, see "Methods of Selective Modifications of
Cyclodextrins" Chemical Reviews (1998) Vol. 98, No. 5, pp
1977-1996, Khan et al and U.S. Pat. No. 5,710,268.
[0057] In addition to preferred substituents themselves, it is also
preferred that the cyclic oligosaccharides of the compositions used
for the present invention have an average degree of substitution of
at least 1.6, wherein the term "degree of substitution" means the
average number of substituents per saccharide unit. Preferred
cyclic oligosaccharides for use herein have an average degree of
substitution of less than about 2.8. More preferably the cyclic
oligosaccharides for use herein have an average degree of
substitution of from about 1.7 to about 2.0. The average number of
substituents can be determined using common Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance techniques known in the art.
[0058] The cyclic oligosaccharides of the compositions used for the
present invention are preferably soluble in both water and ethanol.
As used herein "soluble" means at least about 0.1 g of solute
dissolves in 100 ml of solvent, at 25.degree. C. and 1 atm of
pressure. Preferably the cyclic oligosaccharides for use herein
have a solubility of at least about 1 g/100 ml, at 25.degree. C.
and 1 atm of pressure. Preferred is that cyclic oligosaccharides
are only present at levels up to their solubility limits in a given
composition at room temperature. A person skilled in the art will
recognise that the levels of cyclic oligosaccharides used in the
present invention will also be dependent on the components of the
composition and their levels, for example the solvents used or the
exact fragrance oils, or combination of fragrance oils, present in
the composition. Therefore, although the limits stated for the
entrapment material are preferred, they are not exhaustive.
Encapsulation Using Capsules, Micro-Capsules and Nanocapsules
[0059] Encapsulation of fragrances within capsules, micro-capsules
or nanaocapsules which are broken down by environmental triggers
can be used to reduce the volatility of fragrance oils by
surrounding the oil by small droplets as a resistant wall. This may
be either water sensitive or insensitive. In the first case the
fragrance is released when the encapsulated particle is affected by
moisture loss from the skin; while in the second case the capsule
wall must be ruptured mechanically before the fragrance is
released. Encapsulation techniques are well known in the art
including DE 1,268,316; U.S. Pat. No. 3,539,465; U.S. Pat. No.
3,455,838.
[0060] Moisture sensitive capsules, micro-capsules and nanocapsules
are preferably formed from, but not limited to, a polysaccharide
polymer. Examples of suitable polymers are dextrins, especially
low-viscosity dextrins including maltodextrins. A particularly
preferred example of a low viscosity dextrin is one which, as a 50%
dispersion in water has a viscosity at 25.degree. C., using a
Brookfield Viscometer fitted with an "A" type T-Bar rotating at 20
rpm in helical mode, of 330.+-.20 mPas. This dextrin is known as
Encapsul 855 and is available from National Starch and Chemicals
Ltd. A further example of a polysaccharide that can be used to form
the moisture sensitive capsules is gum acacia.
[0061] Time release micro-capsules are also suitable for use in
compositions of the present invention for entrapping hydrophobic
perfume raw materials. Such compositions comprise the perfume raw
materials encapsulated in a wax or polymer matrix which in turn is
coated with a compatible surfactant. The wax or polymers used to
form the matrix have a melting point in the range from about
35.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. at 1 atmosphere pressure.
These are described in detail in EP-A-908,174.
Occlusion Using Film Formers
[0062] Film formers can also be used to reduce the volatility
profile of perfume raw materials. When the fragrance is applied to
a substrate, such as the skin, it is believed that film formers
entrap the perfume oils during the evaporation of the volatile
solvent thus hindering the release of the volatile material. Any
film former which is compatible with the perfume raw materials may
be used, preferably the film former will be soluble in
water-ethanol mixture. Film former materials useful in this
invention include, but are not limited to, ionic and non-ionic
derivatives of water soluble polymers. Examples of suitable film
forming materials are water soluble polymers containing a cationic
moiety such as polyvinyl pyrrolidine and its derivatives having a
molecular weight of 50,000 to 1,000,000. Other examples of ionic
polymeric film forming materials are cationic cellulose derivatives
sold under the trade names of Polymer JR (union Carbide), Klucel GM
(hercules) and ethoxylated polyethyleneimine sold under the trade
name PEI 600 (Dow). Examples of suitable cellulosic derivatives
such as hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and
hydroxyethyl cellulose. Another examples of film formers is
benzophenone.
[0063] Non limiting examples of film forming materials are given in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,939,099.
Other Polymers
[0064] Additional non limiting examples of other polymer systems
that can be used include water soluble anionic polymers e.g.,
polyacrylic acids and their water-soluble salts are useful in the
present invention to delay the evaporation rate of certain
amine-type odours. Preferred polyacrylic acids and their alkali
metal salts have an average molecular weight of less than about
20,000, preferably less than 10,000, more preferably from about 500
to about 5,000. Polymers containing sulphonic acid groups,
phosphoric acid groups, phosphonic acid groups and their water
soluble salts, and their mixtures thereof, and mixtures with
carboxylic acid and carboxylate groups, are also suitable.
[0065] Water soluble polymers containing both cationic and anionic
functionalities are also suitable. Examples of these polymers are
given in U.S. Pat. No. 4,909,986. Another example of water-soluble
polymers containing both cationic and anionic functionalities is a
copolymer of dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride and acrylic acid,
commercially available under the trade name Merquat 280.RTM. from
Calgon.
Pro-Perfumes
[0066] Synthesising pro-perfumes or pro-fragrances from perfume raw
materials can result in compounds which impart a delayed release
mechanism to that specific perfume raw material. Pro-perfumes
useful within the present invention include those selected from
more than 1 type of pro-chemistry which ensures that a wide range
of possible perfume raw materials can be used. This is consistent
with the objective of providing unique fragrances with a broad
spectrum of "top note" characters.
[0067] Within a pro-perfume the perfume raw material has been
reacted with more than one type of chemical groups such as acetal,
ketal, ester, hydrolysable inorganic-organic. As such, as defined
within the present invention, the perfume raw material is
considered to constitute part of the fragrance oil and the chemical
groups to constitute part of the entrapment material. Pro-perfumes
themselves are designed to be non-volatile, or else have a very low
volatility. However, once on the substrate, the perfume raw
material is released from the pro-perfume. Once released the
perfume raw material has its original characteristics. The perfume
raw material may be released from the pro-perfume in a number of
ways. For example, it may be released as a result of simple
hydrolysis, or by shift in an equilibrium reaction or by a
pH-change, or by enzymatic release. The fragrances herein can be
relatively simple in their compositions, comprising a single
chemical, or can comprise highly sophisticated complex mixtures of
natural and synthetic chemical components, all chosen to provide
any desired odour.
[0068] Non-limiting pro-perfumes suitable for use in the present
application are described in WO 98/47477, WO 99/43667, WO 98/07405,
WO 98/47478 and copending applications U.S. 60/105,380 (23rd Oct.
1998) and U.S. 60/130,108 (20.sup.th Apr. 1999).
Absorption of Perfume Raw Material
[0069] When clarity of solution is not needed, odour absorbing
materials such as zeolites and/or activated carbon can be used to
modify the release rate of perfume raw materials.
[0070] A preferred class of zeolites is characterised as
"intermediate" silicate/aluminate zeolites. The intermediate
zeolites are characterised by SiO.sub.2/AlO.sub.2 molar ratios of
less than about 10, preferably in the range from about 2 to about
10. The intermediate zeolites have an advantage over the "high"
zeolites since they have an affinity for amine-type odours, they
are more weight efficient for odour absorption since they have a
larger surface area and they are more moisture tolerant and retain
more of their odour absorbing capacity in water than the high
zeolites. A wide variety of intermediate zeolites suitable for use
herein are commercially available as Valfor.RTM. CP301-68,
Valfor.RTM. 300-63, Valfor.RTM. CP300-35 and Valfor.RTM. 300-56
available from PQ Corporation, and the CBV100.RTM. series of
zeolites from Conteka. Zeolite materials marketed under the trade
name Abscents.RTM. and Smellrite.RTM. available from The Union
Carbide Corporation and UOP are also preferred. These materials are
typically available as a white powder in the 3-5 .mu.m particle
size range. Such materials are preferred over the intermediate
zeolites for control of sulphur containing odours e.g., thiols,
mercaptans.
[0071] Carbon materials suitable for use in the present invention
are materials well known in commercial practice as absorbents for
organic molecules and/or for air purification purposes. Often, such
carbon material is referred to as "activated" carbon or "activated
charcoal". Such carbon is available from commercial sources under
trade names as; Calgon-Type CPG.RTM.; Type PCB.RTM.; Type SGL.RTM.;
Type CAL.RTM.; and Type OL.RTM..
[0072] Other odour absorbers suitable for use herein include silica
molecular sieves, activated alumina, bentonite and kaolonite.
Volatile Solvent
[0073] Compositions of the present invention comprise greater than
about 50%, preferably from about 55% to about 99.9%, more
preferably from about 60% to about 95%, even more preferably from
about 65% to about 75%, by weight, of a volatile solvent, or
mixture of volatile solvents. Any volatile solvent suitable for use
in the compositions can be used herein. The solvents for use herein
are preferably organic volatile solvents.
[0074] As used herein, "volatile" refers to substances with a
significant amount of vapour pressure under ambient conditions, as
is understood by those in the art. The volatile solvents for use
herein will preferably have a vapour pressure of about 2 kPa or
more, more preferably about 6 kPa or more at 25.degree. C. The
volatile solvents for use herein will preferably have a boiling
point under 1 atm, of less than about 150.degree. C., more
preferably less than about 100.degree. C., even more preferably
less than about 90.degree. C., even more preferably still less than
about 80.degree. C.
[0075] Preferably the volatile solvents for use herein will be safe
for use on a wide range of substrates, more preferably on human or
animal skin or hair. Suitable volatile solvents include, but are
not limited to, those found in the CTFA International Cosmetic
Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 7.sup.th edition, volume 2
P1670-1672, edited by Wenninger and McEwen (The Cosmetic, Toiletry,
and Fragrance Association, Inc., Washington, D.C., 1997).
Conventionally used volatile solvents include C.sub.3-C.sub.14
saturated and unsaturated, straight or branched chain hydrocarbons
such as cyclohexane, hexane, heptane, isooctane, isopentane,
pentane, toluene, xylene; halogenated alkanes such as
perfluorodecalin; ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether;
straight or branched chain alcohols and diols such as methanol,
ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol,
benzyl alcohol, butoxypropanol, butylene glycol, isopentyldiol;
aldehydes and ketones such as acetone; volatile silicones such as
cyclomethicones for example octamethyl cyclo tetrasiloxane and
decamethyl cyclopentane siloxane; volatile siloxanes such as phenyl
pentamethyl disiloxane, phenylethylpentamethyl disiloxane,
hexamethyl disiloxane, methoxy propylheptamethyl
cyclotetrasiloxane, chloropropyl pentamethyl disiloxane,
hydroxypropyl pentamethyl disiloxane, octamethyl
cyclotetrasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane; propellants, and
mixtures thereof. Preferred volatile solvents are ethers such as
dimethyl ether, diethyl ether; straight or branched chain alcohols
and diols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butyl
alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, butoxypropanol, butylene
glycol, isopentyldiol; volatile silicones such as cyclomethicones
for example octamethyl cyclo tetrasiloxane and decamethyl
cyclopentane siloxane; propellants, and mixtures thereof. More
preferred for use herein are C.sub.1-C.sub.4 straight chain or
branched chain alcohols for example methanol, ethanol, propanol,
isopropanol and butanol and mixtures thereof, and most preferred
for use herein is ethanol.
Balance of the Composition
[0076] The compositions herein are useful for use a fragrance
component to a wide variety of different types of compositions
including those such as cosmetic compositions, fragrance
compositions for human or animal use, air freshener compositions,
aromatherapy compositions, laundry and cleaning compositions,
fragranced paper, cloth or other substrate type products and the
like, in fact in any type of composition which comprises a
fragrance. In all of these cases the compositions would comprise a
variety of other optional ingredients which would render the
compositions more acceptable or provide them with additional usage
benefits. Such conventional optional ingredients are well-known to
those skilled in the art and will vary greatly depending upon the
field in which the compositions are to be used. Although
compositions according to the second aspect of this invention
comprise greater than 50% volatile solvent they should still be
considered as being useful for inclusion in a wide variety of
compositions with both cosmetic and non cosmetic benefits.
[0077] For cosmetic compositions in particular, the compositions
can comprise any cosmetically acceptable ingredients such as those
found in the CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and
Handbook, 7th edition, edited by Wenninger and McEwen, (The
Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, Inc., Washington,
D.C., 1997). As used herein "cosmetically acceptable" means a
material (e.g., compound or composition) which is suitable for use
in contact with skin, hair or other suitable substrate as defined
herein below. However that these ingredients are listed as useful
for inclusion within a cosmetic composition does not preclude them
from being incorporated into any other type of composition which
comprises a fragrance formulated according to the present
invention.
Nonvolatile Solvents
[0078] While the compositions of the present invention must
comprise a volatile solvent they may also comprise "nonvolatile"
solvents. Suitable non-volatile solvents include, but are not
limited to, benzyl benzoate, diethyl phthalate, isopropyl
myristate, and mixtures thereof.
Molecular Wedges
[0079] When cyclic oligosaccharides are present in the compositions
of the present invention, low molecular weight polyol molecular
wedge having from about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, preferably from
about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms and at least one --OH functional
group, preferably at least 2 --OH functional groups are preferably
used herein for further prolonging the fragrance character of the
composition. These polyols can further contain ether groups within
the carbon chain. Suitable examples include ethylene glycol,
propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol,
1,6-hexanediol and mixtures thereof. When present these polyols are
present at a level of from about 0.01% to about 20%, preferably
from about 0.1% to about 10%, and especially from about 0.5% to
about 5% by weight of composition. It is preferred that the molar
ratio of molecular wedge material to oligosaccharide is from 10:1
to 1:10, preferably 1:1 or greater, especially 1:1.
[0080] While not wishing to be limited by theory, the above
mentioned molecular wedge molecules can form tertiary inclusion
complexes with the complexed perfume material and the cyclic
oligosaccharide. These small dipolar molcules can fit into the
cavity of the cyclic oligosaccharide and anchor via their OH groups
onto the outside rim of the cyclic oligosaccharide through hydrogen
bonding. This enables the inclusion of all or parts of the
fragrance material into the cavity of the cyclic oligosaccharide
such that the stability of the formed tertiary complex is increased
versus the complex formed by the fragrance material and cyclic
oligosaccharide alone.
Water
[0081] The compositions of the present invention may also comprise
water. If present, the water will preferably comprise from about
0.1% to about 40%, more preferably from about 1% to about 30%, even
more preferably about 5% to about 20%, by weight, of total
composition.
[0082] There are a number of other examples of additional
ingredients that are suitable for inclusion into the present
compositions. These include, but are not limited to, alcohol
denaturants such as denatonium benzoate; UV stabilisers such as
benzophenone-2; antioxidants such as tocopheryl acetate;
preservatives such as phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, methyl
paraben, propyl paraben; dyes; pH adjusting agents such as lactic
acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, succinic acid, phosphoric acid,
sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate; deodorants and anti-microbials
such as farnesol and zinc phenolsulphonate; humectants such as
glycerine; oils; skin conditioning agents such as allantoin;
cooling agents such as trimethyl isopropyl butanamide and menthol;
hair conditioning ingredients such as panthenol, panthetine,
pantotheine, panthenyl ethyl ether, and combinations thereof;
silicones; solvents such as hexylene glycol; hair-hold polymers
such as those described in WO-A-94/08557; salts in general, such as
potassium acetate and sodium chloride and mixtures thereof. If
present, these additional ingredients will preferably be present at
a level of less than 10%, by weight, of total composition. More
preferably these additional ingredients will be present at a level
of less than 5%, by weight, of total composition.
Product Forms
[0083] The compositions for use in the present invention may take
any form suitable for use, more preferably for cosmetic use. These
include, but are not limited to, vapour sprays, aerosols,
emulsions, lotions, liquids, creams, gels, sticks, ointments,
pastes, mousses and cosmetics (e.g., semi-solid or liquid make-up,
including foundations). Preferably the compositions for use in the
present invention take the form of a vapour spray. Compositions of
the present invention can be further added as an ingredient to
other compositions in which they are compatible. As such they can
be used within solid composition or applied substrates etc.
[0084] The compositions for use in the present invention will
preferably comprise an acceptable carrier. The phrase "acceptable
carrier", as used herein, means one or more compatible solid or
liquid fillers, diluents, extenders and the like, which are
acceptable as defined herein above. The term "compatible", as used
herein, means that the components of the compositions of this
invention are capable of being combined with the primary actives of
the present invention, and with each other, in a manner such that
there is no interaction which would substantially reduce the
efficacy of the composition under ordinary use situations. The type
of carrier utilised in the present invention depends of the type of
product desired and may comprise, but are not limited to,
solutions, aerosols, emulsions (including oil-in-water or
water-in-oil), gels, solids and liposomes.
Preparation of Composition
[0085] Compositions and fragrance oils for use in the present
invention should be prepared according to procedures usually used
in and that are well known and understood by those skilled in the
art with materials of similar phase partitioning can be added in
any order. The entrapment of the perfume raw materials can occur at
any reasonable stage in the preparation of the overall composition.
As such the fragrance oil can be prepared in its entirety, then
entrapped with a suitable material before addition to the remainder
of the composition. Alternatively the entrapment material can be
added to the balance of the composition prior to addition of the
complete fragrance oil. Finally it is possible to entrap any single
perfume raw material, or group of raw materials, individually
before either adding these to the balance of the fragrance oil or
to the balance of the composition.
Methods of Use
[0086] The present invention preferably relates to compositions,
particularly cosmetic compositions and more particularly fragrance
compositions, which comprise a fragrance oil, in combination with
an entrapment material, such that the fragrance profile of the top
note perfume raw material, or mixture of raw materials, remains
detectable for greater than about 2 hours, preferably greater than
about 4 hours, more preferably greater than about 6 hours, after
the composition has been applied to the substrate.
[0087] The composition itself is preferably used for providing
fragrance to a suitable substrate. As used herein the term
"suitable substrate" means any surface to which the present
composition may be applied without an unduly adverse effect. This
can include a wide range of substrates including human or animal
skin or hair, paper, furnishings, materials, and can also include
the air in a room. Preferred substrates are the skin or hair,
especially the skin.
[0088] The preferred compositions of the present invention may be
used in a conventional manner for fragrancing a suitable substrate.
An effective amount of the composition, typically from about 1
.mu.l to about 1000 .mu.l, preferably from about 10 .mu.l to about
250 .mu.l, more preferably from about 25 .mu.l to about 100 .mu.l,
is applied to the substrate. The composition may be applied by hand
but is preferably applied utilising a vaporiser. Preferably, the
composition is then left to dry.
[0089] Periodic blooming of the compositions of the present
invention can be achieved by application, either naturally or
artificially, of a material, such as water, which will drive the
disassociation of the fragrance oil from the entrapment material.
Such a bloom can be achieved naturally by seating, breathing on the
fragranced substrate, rubbing the substrate and the like. In order
to achieve such a bloom artificially it is necessary to use a
refresher spray in conjunction with the compositions described
herein. Such a refresher spray should comprise a material such as
water which is capable of driving the break down of the fragrance
oil entrapment material association. The refresher spray would be
applied to the substrate, for example from an atomiser, whenever
the boom was desired for example each hour after application of the
fragrance to the substrate initially. Each time the refresher spray
is applied it is expected that fragrance blooms would be achieved.
It is expected that each fragrance bloom would last for less than
about 30 minutes, preferably less than about 15 minutes, more
preferably less than about 10 minutes and even more preferably less
than about 5 minutes. Throughout wear a fragrance could be expected
to be capable of blooming at least about 2 times or more,
preferably about 4 times or more and more preferably about 6 times
or more.
EXAMPLES
[0090] The following examples further illustrate the preferred
embodiments within the scope of the present invention. These
examples are given solely for the purposes of illustration and are
not to be construed as limitations of the present invention as many
variations of the invention are possible without departing from its
spirit or scope. Unless otherwise indicated, all ingredients are
expressed on a weight percentage of the active ingredient.
Fragrance Oil Examples I-VII
[0091] Examples I-VII are non limiting examples of the fragrance
oil. TABLE-US-00001 Perfume Raw Material I (%) II (%) III (%) IV
(%) V (%) VI (%) VII (%) damascone beta 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
allyl amyl glycolate 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 ionone beta 3 2.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 damascone alpha 0.0 0.1 0.1 3 0.2 0.1 0.2
methyl phenyl carbinyl 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 acetate
cyclogalbanate.sup.1 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 methyl isobutenyl
0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 tetrahydro pyran ethyl-2-methyl
butyrate 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 fructone 0.5 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.1
0.0 1 flor acetate 1 0.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 ionone alpha 0.5 0.0 3 3
0.3 0.0 1 melonal 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 undecylenic aldehyde
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 Lemon Oil, Cold to 100 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.0 Pressed Bergamot Oil, Eco 25 0.0 0.0 14.5 0.0 1.5 0.0
Essence Cassis Base 345-L.sup.2 1 0.0 0.0 30 3 1.0 0.0 menthol 0.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 beta gamma hexenol 0.5 1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 phenyl ethyl alcohol 2 0.0 8 0.0 2.5 2.5 0.0 phenoxy ethyl 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 propionate linalool 8 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0
cis-3-hexenyl acetate 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 linalyl acetate
0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 dihydro myrcenol 0.0 2 to 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 citronellol 0.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 benzyl acetate 0.0 6 0.0
0.0 0.0 4 0.0 verdox 0.0 0.0 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 triplal 0.0 0.0 0.6
0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 alpha terpineol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 dihydro
iso jasmonate 3.5 to 100 0.0 0.2 0.0 2 5 cetalox.sup.2 0.5 0.2 0.3
2.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 bacdanol.sup.3 0.1 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1
undecalactone 1 2 2 0.0 0.0 10.3 1 lyral.sup.3 10 15 14 0.0 10 2 10
florhydral.sup.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 2 cis-3-hexenyl salicylate
0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 2 indol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 ethyl
vanillin 0.0 0.8 0.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 heliotropin 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.0 1.6 ebanol.sup.4 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 gamma
decalactone 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 Prunella.sup.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
to 100 4 0.0 0.0 lilial.sup.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 15 10 benzyl
salicylate 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 to 100 to 100 10 oxocyclohexadecen-2-
0.0 8 10 1.5 10 0.2 15 one Roselea.sup.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 5
exaltolide 2.5 8 12 0.0 12 0.4 8 hexyl cinnamic 2.2 5 0.0 0.0 5 2
0.0 aldehyde zingerone.sup.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 methyl
cedrylone 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 15 0.0 4 eugenol 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 sandela.sup.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 methyl dihydro 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 10 10 to 100 jasmonate ionone gamma methyl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 10 0.0 .sup.1Dragoco Gerberding & Co AG, D-37601 Holzminden
GERMANY .sup.2Firmenich SA, 1 Route des Jeunes, CH-1211 Geneva 8
SWITZERLAND .sup.3International Flavors & Fragrances 521 W.
57th St, New York, NY 10019 USA .sup.4Givaudan-Roure 19-23 voie des
Bans BP98, 95101 Argenteuil Cedex, FRANCE
[0092] The perfume raw materials were mixed with stirring at room
temperature.
Fragrance Compositions Examples VIII-XII
[0093] TABLE-US-00002 VIII XII (% wt) IX (% wt) X (% wt) XI (% wt)
(% wt) Fragrance 10 12.5 15 1.5 12 (selected from examples I-VII)
Cyclic 2.5 5 10 2.5 0.0 Oligosaccharide.sup.5 Pro-perfume I.sup.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 Pro-perfume II.sup.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4
Ethanol to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 Deionised Water 15.75 13
11.5 15.8 0.0 .sup.5Beta W7 M available from Wacker-Chemie GmbH,
Hanns-Seidel-Platz 4, Munchen, DE .sup.6Pro-perfume comprising
oxazolidine pro-melonal, Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio
.sup.7Pro-perfume comprising beta-amino ketone pro-damascone,
Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio
[0094] The cyclic oligosaccharide was dissolved in ethanol at room
temperature with stirring. Then the fragrance and water were added
with stirring.
Cosmetic Compositions Examples XIII-XV
[0095] TABLE-US-00003 XIII (% wt) XIV (% wt) XV (% wt) Fragrance
(selected from 3 2 3 examples I-VII) Cyclic Oligosaccharide.sup.5 2
1.5 3 Zinc phenolsulphonate 2 1 2 Dipropylene Glycol 30.5 17 14.5
Isopropyl myristate 1.5 7 7 Ethanol to 100 to 100 to 100 .sup.5Beta
W7 M available from Wacker-Chemie GmbH, Hanns-Seidel-Platz 4,
Munchen, DE
[0096] The zinc phenolsulphonate is stirred into the ethanol until
fully dissolved. Then the dipropylene glycol is added with
stirring. Next the isopropyl myristate, then the cyclic
oligosaccharide and then the fragrance are all added with stirring.
For an aerosol deodorant a propellant such as propane butane (CAP
40.RTM.) can be added to Examples XII-XIV according to standard
industry practice.
[0097] When examples VIII-XV were applied to the substrate the
light, fresh, fruity, citrus, green or delicate floral "top note"
fragrance characters could still be determined at least two hours
after application. By contrast, the same long lasting "top note"
effect was not achieved when control compositions, comprising the
same fragrance oil but without the entrapment material, were
applied to a substrate.
[0098] All documents cited in the DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
INVENTION are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference;
the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission
that it is prior art with respect to the present invention
[0099] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of
this invention.
* * * * *