U.S. patent application number 11/290549 was filed with the patent office on 2006-10-05 for apparatus and method for manufacturing optical disks, apparatus and method for recording data on optical disks, apparatus and method for reproducing data from optical disks, and optical disk formed with pit strings and mark strings.
This patent application is currently assigned to Sony Corporation. Invention is credited to Toshihiro Fujiki, Seiji Kobayashi.
Application Number | 20060221784 11/290549 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27337179 |
Filed Date | 2006-10-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060221784 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kobayashi; Seiji ; et
al. |
October 5, 2006 |
Apparatus and method for manufacturing optical disks, apparatus and
method for recording data on optical disks, apparatus and method
for reproducing data from optical disks, and optical disk formed
with pit strings and mark strings
Abstract
Described herewith is an optical disk manufacturing apparatus
for reading recorded digital data from an optical disk, comprising
an encryption unit (22, 23) for encrypting entered digital data
according to a plurality of key information; an optical disk
substrate manufacturing unit 2 for manufacturing an optical disk
substrate 4 on which the encrypted digital data and key information
are recorded in the form of physical form changes; a reflection
film forming unit 41 for forming a reflection film on the optical
disk substrate 4; and a key information recording unit 7 for
recording key information on the optical disk substrate on which
the reflection film is formed. The reflection factor of the optical
disk is changed locally, thereby giving a jitter to the position
information of each pit edge, and desired data is recorded
additionally according to this jitter. Pits, etc. are disposed so
as to be deviated from the track center towards the inner/outer
region of the optical disk 2, thereby recording such sub-data as
key information KY, etc.
Inventors: |
Kobayashi; Seiji; (Kanagawa,
JP) ; Fujiki; Toshihiro; (Tokyo, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
C. IRVIN MCCLELLAND;OBLON, SPIVAK, MCCLELLAND, MAIER & NEUSTADT, P.C.
1940 DUKE STREET
ALEXANDRIA
VA
22314
US
|
Assignee: |
Sony Corporation
Shinagawa-ku
JP
|
Family ID: |
27337179 |
Appl. No.: |
11/290549 |
Filed: |
December 1, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10424733 |
Apr 29, 2003 |
6996042 |
|
|
11290549 |
Dec 1, 2005 |
|
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09412864 |
Oct 5, 1999 |
6665240 |
|
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10424733 |
Apr 29, 2003 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
369/44.37 ;
G9B/20.002; G9B/7.033 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G11B 19/122 20130101;
G11B 7/0053 20130101; G11B 20/00086 20130101; G11B 20/00594
20130101; G11B 20/00094 20130101; G11B 20/00311 20130101; G11B
20/00376 20130101; G11B 7/268 20130101; G11B 20/00695 20130101;
G11B 20/00115 20130101; G11B 7/00736 20130101; G11B 20/00304
20130101; G11B 2220/2545 20130101; G11B 7/0079 20130101; G11B
20/00876 20130101; G11B 20/0021 20130101; G11B 7/24082 20130101;
G11B 20/00586 20130101; G11B 20/00688 20130101; G11B 27/24
20130101; G11B 20/00405 20130101; G11B 7/24085 20130101; G11B 7/263
20130101; G11B 20/00601 20130101; G11B 20/00536 20130101; G11B
7/261 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
369/044.37 |
International
Class: |
G11B 7/00 20060101
G11B007/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Oct 7, 1998 |
JP |
P10-285516 |
Nov 24, 1998 |
JP |
P10-332222 |
Dec 28, 1998 |
JP |
P10-371795 |
Claims
1. An optical disc recording apparatus comprising: a main signal
generating unit configured to generate a main signal from main
data; a sub signal generating unit configured to generate a sub
signal from sub data; and a laser beam irradiating unit configured
to irradiate a laser beam to form pit strings or mark strings on an
optical disc based on said main signal, and to positionally deviate
an irradiation area of the pit strings or mark strings in a radial
direction from a track center of a track on the optical disc
according to said sub signal, and an amount of the positional
deviation in the radial direction is within a range that supports
detection by an integration of reproducing data of the pit strings
or mark strings deviated according to said sub signal.
2. An optical disc recording apparatus in accordance with claim 1,
wherein the amount of positional deviation in the radial direction
is limited to not more than 1/50 of a track pitch of the optical
disc.
3. An optical disc recording method comprising: generating a main
signal from main data; generating a sub signal from sub data; and
producing a laser beam and forming pit strings or mark strings on
an optical disc based on said main signal, including positionally
deviating an irradiation area of the pit strings or mark strings in
a radial direction from a track center of a track on the optical
disc according to said sub signal, and an amount of the positional
deviation in the radial direction is within a range that supports
detection by an integration of reproducing data of the pit strings
or mark strings deviated according to said sub signal.
4. An optical disc recording method in accordance with claim 3,
wherein the amount of positional deviation in the radial direction
is limited to not more than 1/50 of a track pitch of the optical
disc.
5. An optical disc manufacturing apparatus configured to
manufacture an optical disc, comprising: an optical substrate
manufacturing unit configured to manufacture an optical disc
substrate; a main signal generating unit configured to generate a
main signal from main data; a sub signal generating unit configured
to generate a sub signal from sub data; and a data recording
mechanism configured to form pit strings or mark strings on the
optical disc based on said main signal, and to positionally deviate
an irradiation area of the pit strings or mark strings in a radial
direction from a track center of a track on the optical disc
according to said sub signal, and an amount of the positional
deviation in the radial direction is within a range that supports
detection by an integration of reproducing data of the pit strings
or mark strings deviated according to said sub signal.
6. An optical disc manufacturing apparatus in accordance with claim
5, wherein the amount of positional deviation in the radial
direction is limited to not more than 1/50 of a track pitch of the
optical disc.
7. An optical disc manufacturing method for manufacturing an
optical disc, comprising: generating a main signal from main data;
generating a sub signal from sub data; and forming pit strings or
mark strings on the optical disc based on said main signal, and
positionally deviating an irradiation area of the pit strings or
mark strings in a radial direction from a track center of a track
on the optical disc according to said sub signal, and an amount of
the positional deviation in the radial direction is within a range
that supports detection by an integration of reproducing data of
the pit strings or mark strings deviated according to said sub
signal.
8. An optical disc manufacturing method in accordance with claim 7,
wherein the amount of positional deviation in the radial direction
is limited to not more than 1/50 of a track pitch of the optical
disc.
9. An information processing device comprising: an input configured
to receive a main signal from main data; a sub signal generating
unit configured to generate a sub signal having bits from sub data;
and a modulation device configured to generate a signal for
controlling or positional deviation of a laser beam in a radial
direction from a center of a track or an optical disc, said
positional deviation being in accordance with bits of said sub
signal, such that an amount of the positional deviation in the
radial direction is within a range that supports detection by an
integration of reproducing data of the pit strings or mark strings
deviated according to said sub data.
10. An information processing device in accordance with claim 9,
wherein the amount of positional deviation in the radial direction
is limited to not more than 1/50 of a track pitch of the optical
disc.
11. An information processing method comprising: receiving a main
signal from main data; generating a signal from said main data and
from sub data, said signal to be recorded as pit strings or mark
strings on an optical disc, and to be positionally deviated in a
radial direction from a track center of a track on the optical disc
according to said sub data, and an amount of the positional
deviation in the radial direction is within a range that supports
detection by an integration of reproducing data of the pit strings
or mark strings deviated according to said sub data.
12. An information processing method in accordance with claim 11,
wherein the amount of positional deviation in the radial direction
is limited to not more than 1/50 of a track pitch of the optical
disc.
13. An optical disc comprising: a recording surface; pit strings or
mark strings formed on said recording surface according to a main
signal, the pit strings or mark strings being positionally deviated
in a radial direction from a track center of a track on the optical
disc according to sub data, and an amount of the positional
deviation in the radial direction is within a range that supports
detection by an integration of reproducing data of the pit strings
or mark strings deviated according to said sub data.
14. An optical disc in accordance with claim 13, wherein the amount
of positional deviation in the radial direction is limited to not
more than 1/50 of a track pitch of the optical disc.
15. A computer readable medium, comprising: a substrate configured
to have data recorded thereon, a first location of said substrate
having a substrate identification, recorded on the substrate and
positionally deviated in a radial direction about a center of a
track according to sub data that is different than said main data,
wherein an amount of the positional deviation in the radial
direction is within a range that supports detection by an
integration of reproducing data deviated according to said sub
data, a second location having encrypted data, said encrypted data
being data that is configured to be decrypted using said substrate
identification.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation application of, and
claims priority to, Ser. No. 10/424,733 filed Apr. 29, 2003, which
is a divisional application of U.S. Pat. No. 6,665,240 issued Dec.
16, 2003 (application Ser. No. 09/412,864 filed Oct. 5, 1999), and
claims priority to JP 10-285516 (Oct. 7, 1998), JP 10-332222 (Nov.
24, 1998) and JP 10-371795 (Dec. 28, 1998), the entire contents of
the parent, grandparent and Japanese applications are hereby
incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method
for manufacturing an
[0004] optical disk, an apparatus and a method for recording data
on the optical disk, and an apparatus and a method for reproducing
data from the optical disk, as well as the optical disk. For
example, the present invention can apply to a compact disk, a
compact disk player, an optical disk for recording audio data, and
a recording apparatus and a reproducing apparatus usable for the
optical disk.
[0005] The present invention changes the reflectance of the optical
disk locally, thereby giving a jitter to the positional information
of each pit edge, so that desired data is recorded on the optical
disk additionally. Consequently, various data can be recorded on
the optical disk so as to be reproduced by an optical pickup for
reproducing data strings and not to be copied illegally without any
adverse effect on the reproduction of the data strings recorded in
the from of pit strings.
[0006] In addition, the present invention deviates bits, etc.
towards the inner/outer region of the optical disk, thereby
recording such sub-data as key information, etc., so that various
data can be recorded on the optical disk so as to be reproduced by
an optical pickup for reproducing the data strings and not to be
copied illegally without any adverse effect on the reproduction of
the data strings recorded in the form of pit strings.
[0007] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0008] In the case of conventional compact disks (CD), data strings
to be recorded have been processed, then subjected to EFM
modulation (Eight to Fourteen Modulation), thereby such data as
audio data is recorded.
[0009] On the other hand, a management data recording area is
formed in the lead-in area provided in the inner region of the
optical disk and the TOC (Table Of Contents) recorded in this
recording area is used to selectively reproduce desired musical
performance data, etc.
[0010] A compact disk having various recorded data as described
above is provided with a recording area for the IFPI (International
Federation of the Photographic Industry) code in an inner area of
the lead-in area, where such signals as audio signals and the TOC
(Table Of Contents) used by the object user are recorded. This area
also has such inscription codes as factory name, the disk number,
etc., with which the history of the compact disk can be checked
visually.
[0011] By the way, such the inscription data as a maker name, a
factory name, a disk number, etc. are enscrolled on each compact
disk so that the history of the compact disk is checked visually
and such the inscription data is used for discriminating illegally
copied disks manufactured from an original disk. However, because
such the inscription data is recorded so as to be checked visually,
the inscription data arises a problem that the data cannot be
reproduced easily by an optical pickup of the compact disk player.
In order to solve this problem, therefore, a reproducing mechanism
is required dedicatedly for reproducing the inscription data while
it is enabled to discriminate this inscription data from illegally
copied disks.
[0012] The inscription data to be recorded with those methods is
recorded in the form of pits ordinarily and checked visually, if it
can be duplicated by, for example, creating a stamper by peeling
both protection film and aluminum reflection film from the object
compact disk. And, this is why the compact disk cannot be protected
from illegal copying.
[0013] To solve the above-mentioned problems, for example, Japanese
Patent Laid-Open No. 9-67843 discloses a method in which the output
of a recording laser is varied to change the pit width recorded on
the disk, thereby recording the inherent code on the disk.
[0014] For example, as the first example, there is a well-known
method in which a recording signal on a disk is encrypted and key
information for decryption is recorded as a variation of the pit
width according to the method described in the above-mentioned
patent application. A reproducing apparatus is composed so that the
key information recorded as described above is detected and the
cryptogram is decrypted according to the detected key information.
Because the key information is not recorded on the pirated disk,
the cryptogram is therefore not decrypted and the content of the
disk is not reproduced normally. Therefore, if a reproducing
apparatus is composed as described above, then the pirated disk
becomes useless, thereby the pirated copy is substantially
prevented.
[0015] Now, there are two well-known methods for making a pirated
disk; a method in which reproduced signal from a disk is supplied
to a recording unit as is and the other method in which the
physical configuration of a disk is transferred as is. If a disk
which is manufactured according to the above-mentioned first
example is used for making a pirated disk according to the method
in which the reproduced signal is supplied to a recording unit as
is, then the key information recorded in the form of pit width
change is not recorded on the pirated disk though the information
recorded in the form of "pit/no pit" change is recorded in the
pirated disk. Therefore it is possible to prevent making of a
pirated disk according to the method in which the reproduced signal
is supplied to a recording unit as is by employing the method
described in the first example. However, if a disk which is
manufactured according the above-mentioned first example is used
for making a pirated disk according to the method in which the
physical configuration of a disk is transferred, then the key
information recorded in the form of pit width change is also copied
to a pirated disk. Therefore, the first example method is
disadvantageous in that making of a pirated disk according to
physical transfer can not be prevented.
[0016] Now, the second example is known as a method for solving
such a problem. In the second example, the key information is
recorded not in the form of physical configuration but in the form
of reflectance change. In detail, a groove is formed on an area
such as the lead-out area of an optical disk, an intensive laser
beam is irradiated onto the reflection film of this area, thereby
changing the reflection characteristic, and the same information as
that of a bit string is recorded.
[0017] If the key information is recorded in the form of
reflectance change, the key information is recorded in the form of
reflection characteristic change of a reflection film. Because the
key information is not recorded in the form of physical
configuration (pit), the key information will not be copied on the
pirated disk which is made according to physical transfer.
Therefore, this method complements the disadvantage of the first
example, and it is possible to prevent the making of the pirated
disk by the use of the method according to physical transfer.
[0018] However, the second example is also disadvantageous in that
if a pirated disk is made according to the method in which the
reproduced signal is supplied to a recording unit as is, the key
information recorded on the lead-out area is copied as is.
[0019] As described above, the respective methods for preventing
the pirated disk which is proposed are effective only on either of
the two methods for making a pirated disk herein addressed.
Furthermore, if a pirated optical disk is made according to a
method not described above, these methods are entirely not
effective.
[0020] Under such the circumstances, it is an object of the present
invention to provide an apparatus and a method for manufacturing an
optical disk from which no pirated optical disk can be produced by
any of a method in which the reproduced signal is supplied directly
to a recording unit and a method in which the configuration of the
optical disk is transferred physically, thereby eliminating the
disadvantage of the conventional pirated copying method, and an
optical disk to which such pirated copy prevention is applied and a
method for reproducing an optical disk to which such pirated copy
prevention is applied.
[0021] Besides that, it will also be possible to reject an illegal
copy with the use of this data if various data can be recorded so
as to be reproduced with an optical pickup for reproducing audio
data and to be difficult to copy illegally without any adverse
effect on the reproduction of audio data as pit strings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0022] It is therefore another object of the present invention to
provide an optical disk, an
[0023] optical disk recording unit, an optical disk recording
method, an optical disk reproducing apparatus, and an optical disk
reproducing method which can record various data for inhibiting
illegal copying so as to be reproduced with an optical pickup for
reproducing data recorded in the form of a pit string, etc. and to
be difficult to copy illegally without any adverse effect on the
reproduction of data recorded in the format of a pit string,
etc.
[0024] In order to solve the above conventional problems, an
optical disk manufacturing apparatus in accordance with the first
present invention for manufacturing an optical disk having recorded
digital data to be read out by irradiation of a laser beam
comprises an encryption unit for encrypting input digital data
according to a plurality of key information, an optical disk
substrate manufacturing machine for manufacturing an optical disk
substrate on which the encrypted digital data and the key
information are recorded in the form of physical configurational
change, a reflection film forming unit for forming a reflection
film on the optical disk substrate, and a key information recording
unit for recording the key information on the optical disk
substrate having the reflection film thereon.
[0025] According to such the first present invention, the
encryption unit encrypts input digital data according to a
plurality of key information, the optical disk substrate
manufacturing unit manufactures an optical disk substrate on which
the encrypted digital data and key information are recorded in the
form of physical configurational change, the reflection film
forming unit forms a reflection film on the optical disk substrate,
and the key information recording unit records the key information
on the optical disk substrate on which the reflection film is
formed.
[0026] The first present invention provides an optical disk
manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing an optical disk having
recorded digital data to be read out by irradiation of a laser beam
comprising an encryption unit for encrypting input digital data
according to a plurality of key information, an optical disk
substrate manufacturing machine for manufacturing an optical disk
substrate on which the encrypted digital data and the key
information are recorded in the form of physical configurational
change, a reflection film forming unit for forming a reflection
film on the optical disk substrate, and a key information recording
unit for recording the key information on the optical disk
substrate having the reflection film thereon.
[0027] The second present invention provides the optical disk
manufacturing apparatus, wherein the optical disk substrate
manufacturing unit comprises an exposing unit for converging a
laser beam on an optical disk according to the encrypted digital
data and the key information to expose the optical master disk, a
stamper forming unit for forming a stamper by applying a chemical
treatment on the exposed optical master disk, thereby changing the
physical configuration thereof, and a duplication unit for
transferring the physical configurational change on the stamper,
thereby generating a plurality of optical disk substrates.
[0028] The third present invention provides the optical disk
manufacturing apparatus, wherein the exposing unit comprises a
laser beam intensity modulation unit for modulating the intensity
of the laser beam according to the encrypted digital data, and a
laser beam convergent position changing unit for changing the
convergent position of the laser beam according to the key
information.
[0029] The fourth present invention provides the optical disk
manufacturing apparatus, wherein the laser beam intensity changing
unit comprises a modulation unit for generating a modulated signal
according to the encrypted digital data, and an optical modulation
unit for controlling the on/off of the laser beam according to the
modulated signal.
[0030] The fifth present invention provides the optical disk
manufacturing apparatus, wherein the key information recording unit
comprises a laser beam generation unit for generating a laser beam,
an optical intensity modulation unit for modulating the laser beam
according to the key information, and a converging unit for
converging and irradiating the modulated laser beam on a
predetermined position on the optical disk.
[0031] The sixth present invention provides an optical disk
manufacturing method for manufacturing an optical disk having
recorded digital data to be read out by irradiating a laser beam
comprising an encryption step for encrypting input digital data
according to a plurality of key information, an optical disk
substrate manufacturing step for manufacturing optical disk
substrates on which the encrypted digital data and the key
information are recorded in the form of physical configurational
change, a reflection film forming step for forming a reflection
film on the optical disk substrate, and a key information recording
step for recording the key information on the optical disk
substrate on which the reflection film is formed.
[0032] The seventh present invention provides the optical disk
manufacturing method described above, wherein the optical disk
substrate manufacturing step comprises an exposing step for
converging a laser beam on an optical disk according to the
encrypted digital data and the key information to expose the
optical master disk, a stamper forming step for forming a stamper
by applying a chemical treatment on the exposed optical master disk
to change the physical configuration thereof, and a duplication
step for transferring the physical configurational change on the
stamper, thereby generating a plurality of optical disk
substrates.
[0033] The eighth present invention provides the optical disk
manufacturing method described above, wherein the key information
recording step comprises a laser generating step for generating a
laser beam, a modulation step for modulating the laser beam
according to the key information, and a laser irradiation step for
converging and irradiating the laser beam on the optical disk
substrate.
[0034] The ninth present invention provides an optical disk having
digital data recorded in the form of physical configurational
change, which is composed so as to reproduce digital data by
reflecting an incident laser beam from its reflection film, wherein
the digital signal is encrypted according to a plurality of key
information, one of the plurality of key information is recorded on
the optical disk in the form of physical configurational change,
and at least one of the plurality of key information is recorded in
the form of reflectance change of the reflection film on the
optical disk.
[0035] The tenth present invention provides an optical disk
reproducing method for reproducing an optical disk having recorded
encrypted digital data, wherein the method comprises the first
reproducing step for reproducing the first key information recorded
on the optical disk in the form of physical configurational change,
the second reproducing step for reproducing the second key
information recorded on the optical disk in the form of reflectance
change, and a decryption step for reproducing the digital data
recorded on the optical disk and decrypting the reproduced digital
data by use of the first and second key information.
[0036] In the eleventh present invention applied to an optical disk
apparatus or optical disk recording method, the beam intensity of a
recording laser beam irradiated onto an optical disk is raised
intermittently according to the edge detection result and the
recording signal to locally change the reflectance of the optical
disk, thereby the timing when the reflecting beam reception result
crosses the predetermined reference level is changed.
[0037] In the present invention applied to an optical disk, the
reflectance changes locally so that a jitter is given to the
reflected beam reception result obtained by scanning the laser beam
on pits or marks, and additional data is recorded according to the
local reflectance change.
[0038] The beam intensity of the recording laser beam irradiated
onto the optical disk is raised intermittently to locally change
the reflectance of the optical disk and the timing when the
reflected beam reception result crosses the predetermined reference
level is changed, thereby the additional data is reproduced so that
the optical disk is not copied illegally, the additional data such
as disk discrimination code is recorded, and the additional data is
reproduced by processing the reproduction signal for reproduction
without any adverse effect on the reproduction of the data recorded
in the form of pit or mark pattern.
[0039] In the present invention applied to an optical disk, the
reflectance is locally changed so as to give a jitter to the
reflected beam reception result obtained by scanning a laser beam
on pits or marks, and the additional data is recorded according to
the local reflectance change, thereby the additional data is
reproduced so that the optical disk is not copied illegally, the
additional data such as disk discrimination code is recorded, and
the additional data is reproduced by processing the reproduction
signal for reproduction without any adverse effect on the
reproduction of the data recorded in the form of pit or mark
pattern.
[0040] When applied to an optical disk apparatus or an optical disk
recording method, the main modulation signal is generated according
to the main data, and the laser beam is irradiated on the optical
disk according to this main modulation signal, thereby forming a
pit string or a mark string thereon and sub-data is generated
according to the sub-data, thereby generating the sub-modulation
signal and the irradiation point of the laser beam is deviated
towards the inner/outer region of the optical disk according to
this sub-modulation signal.
[0041] Furthermore, according to the present invention, when
applied to an optical disk, if the main data is recorded according
to the length of a pit or mark and the interval between pits or
marks along the track, then sub-data is recorded according to the
deviation of the pit or mark towards the inner/outer region from
the center of the track.
[0042] Furthermore, when applied to an optical disk apparatus, the
deviation detection signal is output, then processed with reference
to the reproduction signal, thereby reproducing the sub-data
recorded in the form of a deviation of the pit or mark towards the
inner/reference region of the optical disk with reference to the
center of the track. The signal level of the deviation detection
signal is changed according to the deviation of a pit or mark
towards the inner/outer region of the optical disk from the center
of the track.
[0043] When applied to an optical disk reproducing method, the main
data recorded in the form of a pit string or a mark string is
reproduced with the reflected beam of the laser beam irradiated on
the optical disk and the recorded sub-data is reproduced in the
form of a deviation of the pit or mark towards the inner/outer
region from the center of the track with the same reflected laser
beam.
[0044] If the main modulation signal is generated according to the
main data and a pit string or a mark string is formed with the
laser beam irradiated according to this main modulation signal, and
the sub-modulation signal is generated according to sub-data and
the irradiation point of the laser beam is deviated according to
this sub-modulation signal towards the inner/outer region of the
optical disk, then the sub-data can be recorded with the selection
of this deviation in the inner/outer region so as not to disturb
the reproduction of the main data recorded in the form of pits or
marks. The sub-data can also be recorded so as to be prevented from
illegal copying and reproduced with an optical pickup for
reproducing the main data together with the assignment of various
data for inhibiting illegal copying, etc.
[0045] If the main data is recorded according to the length of a
pit or a mark and the interval between pits or marks along the
track and sub-data is recorded in the form of a deviation of pits
or marks towards the inner/outer region of the optical disk with
reference to the center of the track, then the main data can be
reproduced correctly with the selection of this deviation of the
pit or mark towards the inner/outer region of the optical disk. In
addition, the sub-data can be recorded so as to be difficult to
copy illegally and to be reproduced with an optical pickup for
reproducing the main data together with the assignment of various
data for inhibiting illegal copying, etc.
[0046] If the deviation detection signal is output and processed
with reference to the reproduction signal, thereby the recorded
sub-data is reproduced according to the deviation of the pit or
mark to the inner/outer region of the optical disk with reference
to the center of the track, the main data recorded as a pit string
or mark string can be reproduced from an optical disk composed as
described above, as well as the sub-data recorded in the form of a
deviation of pits or marks towards the inner/outer region of the
optical disk can be reproduced from the same optical disk. The
level of the deviation detection signal is changed according to the
deviation of the pit or mark towards the inner/outer region of the
optical disk with reference to the center of the track.
[0047] Furthermore, according to the configuration of the optical
disk reproducing method, if the main data recorded in the form of a
pit string or a mark string is reproduced with the reflected beam
of the laser beam irradiated on the optical disk and the sub-data
recorded in the form of a deviation of pits or marks towards the
inner/outer region of the optical disk with reference to the center
of the track is reproduced with the same reflected beam of the
laser beam, then both main and sub-data can be reproduced from an
optical disk having various recorded data for inhibiting illegal
copying so as to be reproduced with an optical pickup for
reproducing data recorded in the form of a pit string, etc. and to
be difficult to copy illegally.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0048] FIG. 1 is a block diagram for an example of an apparatus for
manufacturing optical disks in accordance with an embodiment of the
present invention.
[0049] FIG. 2 is a block diagram for a cutting machine provided for
the apparatus for manufacturing optical disks shown in FIG. 1.
[0050] FIGS. 3A to 3D are diagrams for an example of an optical
disk in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; A
is a perspective view of the optical disk, B is a diagram for the
lead-in area, C is a diagram for the data area, and D is a diagram
for the lead-out area.
[0051] FIG. 4 is a block diagram for an example of a reproducing
apparatus for reproducing an optical disk in accordance with the
embodiment of the present invention.
[0052] FIG. 5 is a flow chart for the operation of a system
controller provided for the reproducing apparatus for reproducing
the optical disk shown in FIG. 4.
[0053] FIG. 6 is a block diagram for an optical disk apparatus used
for processing a compact disk in accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention.
[0054] FIGS. 7A to 7E are a cross sectional view and a timing chart
for a compact disk which is processed by the optical disk apparatus
shown in FIG. 6.
[0055] FIGS. 8A-1 to 8J-2 are a timing chart for the operation of
the optical disk shown in FIG. 6.
[0056] FIG. 9 is a block diagram for a delay circuit, an edge
detection circuit, and a modulation circuit of the optical disk
apparatus shown in FIG. 6.
[0057] FIG. 10 is a block diagram for a compact disk player for
reproducing a compact disk recorded by the use of the optical disk
apparatus shown in FIG. 6.
[0058] FIG. 11 is a block diagram for a disk discrimination code
reproducing circuit of the compact disk player shown in FIG.
10.
[0059] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an optical disk apparatus used
for creating an optical disk in accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention.
[0060] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a key modulation circuit
provided for the optical disk apparatus shown in FIG. 12.
[0061] FIGS. 14A through 14E-2 are timing charts for the operation
of the key modulation circuit shown in FIG. 13.
[0062] FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an optical disk apparatus for
reproducing data from an optical disk created with the use of the
optical disk apparatus shown in FIG. 12.
[0063] FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a key modulation circuit
provided for the optical disk apparatus shown in FIG. 15.
[0064] FIGS. 17A1 through 17D are timing charts for the operation
of the key modulation circuit shown in FIG. 16.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
(1-1) Configuration in an Embodiment
[0065] Hereunder, an apparatus and a method for manufacturing
optical disks, and an optical disk in accordance with an embodiment
of the present invention will be described in detail with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
[0066] First, an apparatus and a method for manufacturing an
optical disks in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The apparatus
for manufacturing optical disks in this embodiment is an apparatus
for manufacturing compact disks (CD). In FIG. 1, the digital audio
signal SA reproduced from a magnetic tape by a digital tape
recorder 21 is supplied to the first encryption circuit 22, and
encrypted according to a first key information signal KY1 supplied
from the first key information generation circuit 24. The encrypted
digital audio signal SB supplied from the first encryption circuit
22 is supplied to the second encryption circuit 23 and encrypted
according to a second key information signal supplied from the
second key information generation circuit 25. The double-encrypted
digital audio signal SC supplied from the second encryption circuit
23 and the second key information signal KY2 supplied from the
second key information generation circuit 25 are supplied to an
disk substrate manufacturing unit 2, and a disk substrate on which
the double-encrypted digital audio signal SC and the second key
information signal KY2 are recorded in the form of convex-concave
pits is manufactured.
[0067] In the cutting machine 3 provided for the disk substrate
manufacturing unit 2, a laser beam is modulated by the use of the
double-encrypted audio signal SC supplied from the second
encryption circuit 23 and the second key information signal KY2
supplied from the second key information generation circuit 23, and
a master disk 26 is exposed to the modulated laser beam.
[0068] The exposed master disk 26 is subjected to developing
process and plating process through a developing and plating unit
27, thereby obtaining a stamper 28. The stamper 28 is set on an
injection molding machine 29, and a disk substrate 4 formed of
plastic material such as polycarbonate is molded by the injection
molding machine 29. On the disk substrate 4 formed as described
above, the double-encrypted digital audio signal SC and the key
information signal KY2 are recorded in the form of very small
convex-concave (pit).
[0069] Next, a reflection film is formed on the disk substrate 4 by
the reflection film forming unit 41, thereby obtaining a
half-finished disk 5. On the half-finished disk 5, the
double-encrypted digital audio signal SC and the second key
information signal KY2 supplied form the second key information
generation circuit 25 are recorded in the form of concave-convex
pit, and the reflection film for reflecting a laser beam is formed
on the opposite side of the pit. However, the first key information
signal KY1 generated from the first key information generation
circuit 24 is not recorded on the half-finished disk 5.
Accordingly, it is impossible to reproduce the recorded music
because the encryption by the first encryption circuit 22 cannot be
decrypted as is when the half-finished disk 5 is loaded into an
optical disk player.
[0070] Finally, the half-finished disk 5 is loaded into a CD-R
recording unit 7. In the CD-R recording unit 7, the first key
information signal KY1 supplied from the first key information
generation circuit 24 is supplied to a computer 6, the area
(lead-out area) where the user data is not recorded receives an
access in response to a command from the computer 6, and the first
key information signal KY1 supplied from the first key information
generation circuit 24 is recorded additionally. The information
signal recorded additionally by the CD-R recording unit 7 is
recorded in the form of reflectance change of the reflection film
formed by the reflection film forming unit.
[0071] On the compact disk (completed disk) 8 completed as
described above, the second key information signal KY2 from the
second key information generation circuit 25 and the first key
information signal KY1 from the first key information generation
circuit 24 are recorded in addition to the reproduced digital audio
signal SA obtained from the digital tape recorder 21. When music
data or the like recorded on the compact disk 8 is reproduced by an
optical disk reproducing apparatus described hereinafter, it is
possible to obtain the first key information signal KY1 and the
second key information signal KY2 from the compact disk 8, the
double encryption can be decrypted, and a user can enjoy the music
in the same manner as in the case of a conventional compact
disk.
[0072] The first encryption circuit 22 encrypts the digital audio
signal SA according to the first key information signal KY1
generated from the first key information generation circuit 24
according to a DES code, and generates it as an encrypted digital
audio signal SB. By the way, the DES code is the abbreviation of
Data Encryption Standard. It is an encryption method which is used
widely. Similarly, the second encryption circuit 23 encrypts the
encrypted digital audio signal SB according to the second key
information signal KY2 generated from the second key information
generation circuit 25 according to he DES code, and generates it as
a double-encrypted digital audio signal SC.
[0073] The first key information generation circuit 24 and the
second key information generation circuit 25 generate the first key
information signal KY1 and the second key information signal KY2
each time a new disk is cut. It has been known that a circuit for
generating such a key information signal is composed of, for
example, an LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register).
[0074] Next, the configuration of the cutting machine 3 shown in
FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. The cutting
machine 3 is used for recording the double-encrypted digital audio
signal SC and the second key information signal KY2 on the master
disk 26 with the laser beam exposed as described above. A
modulation circuit 31 processes the double-encrypted digital audio
signal SC in the data process specified for the compact disk,
thereby generating an EFM signal SD and outputs it to an optical
modulator 35. Further in detail, the double-encrypted digital audio
signal SC is added with an error correction signal, and then
subjected to interleave process and then to EFM modulation so as to
generate an EFM signal SD. The modulation circuit 31 inserts
subcode data including TOC (Table of Contents) supplied from a
subcode generator not shown in the drawing in the subcode area of
the EFM signal SD.
[0075] The modulation circuit 32 FM-modulates the second key
information signal KY2 and outputs it to the optical modulator 34
as an analog wave key information modulation signal KYD. The FM
modulation involves the same principle as used for recording the
address information of an optical disk, for example, an MD (mini
disk), and the detailed description is omitted. In the FM
modulation, a clock signal or the like is embedded so that, for
example, the key information signal KY2 is restored from the key
information modulation signal KYD.
[0076] The modulation circuit 32 is set by a system controller not
shown in the drawing so as to be operated only while the cutting
machine 3 is operated for recording on the lead-in area. Therefore,
the key information modulation signal KYD remains at a constant
voltage and the signal is not modulated by the optical modulator 34
during the time period while the cutting machine 3 is cutting both
data area and lead-out area.
[0077] The master disk 26 is rotated by a spindle motor 38. The
spindle motor is controlled by the spindle servo circuit 39.
Actually, the FG signal whose signal level rises is output at each
predetermined rotation angle. The FG signal is output by an FG
signal generator (not illustrated) provided on the bottom of the
spindle motor 38. The spindle servo circuit 39 drives the spindle
motor 38 so that the frequency of the FG signal is adjusted to a
predetermined frequency. As described above, the master disk 26 is
rotated at a predetermined rotation speed.
[0078] A recording laser source 33 emits a laser beam L1 to the
optical modulator 34 and the optical modulator 35. The recording
laser source 33 comprises, for example, a gas laser. The optical
modulator 34 and the optical modulator 35 comprise an
electro-acoustic-optical element or the like. The optical modulator
34 changes the traveling direction of the laser beam emitted from
the recording laser source 33 according to the key information
modulation signal KYD supplied from the modulation circuit 32. In
other words, the optical modulator 34 irradiates the laser beam L2
whose emission angle is changed slightly according to the level of
the key information modulation signal KYD. Such modulation of the
emission angle of the laser beam is used as an AOD (Acoustic
Optical Deflector) generally.
[0079] The laser beam L2 traveling in the direction which is
changed by the key information modulation signal KYD is applied
into the optical modulator 35 and ON/OFF-controlled by the optical
modulator 35 correspondingly to the EFM (Eight to Fourteen
Modulation) signal SD supplied from the modulation circuit 31, and
emitted as a laser beam L3.
[0080] The mirror 36 reflects the laser beam L3 in the direction of
the optical path which is reflected at an angle of, for example, 90
degrees toward the master disk 26. An objective lens 37 converges
the reflected beam from the mirror 36 on the recording side of the
master disk 26. The traveling direction change (corresponding to
the key information modulation signal KYD) of the laser beam L3
reflected on the mirror 36 is recorded on the disk in the form of
positional deviation of the converged beam spot.
[0081] The mirror 36 and the objective lens 37 are moved step by
step by a thread mechanism (not illustrated) in the radial
direction synchronously with the rotation of the master disk 26. As
described above, the convergent position of the laser beam L3 is
moved step by step, for example, from the inner region toward the
outer region of the master disk 2, thereby forming a spiral track
on the master disk 26. The pits are formed successively on the
track corresponding to the EFM signal SD. Because the traveling
direction of the laser beams L2 and L3 is modulated by the optical
modulator 34 as described above, the central position of the pit
string formed on the lead-in area is deviated in the transverse
direction with respect to the track correspondingly to the key
information modulation signal KYD.
[0082] The master disk 26 is exposed to the laser beam L3 modulated
according to the double-encrypted digital audio signal SC and the
second key information signal KY2.
[0083] The exposed master disk 26 is subjected to developing and
plating process as described in FIG. 1, thereby forming a stamper
28. The stamper 28 is set on the injection molding machine 29 to
form a disk substrate 4 formed of such a plastic material as
polycarbonate. The reflection film is formed on the disk substrate
4, thereby forming a half-finished disk 5. Finally, the
half-finished disk 5 is loaded in a CD-R recording unit 7. In the
CD-R recording unit 7, the area where the user data is not recorded
(lead-out area) is accessed in response to a command from the
computer 6, and the first key information signal KY1 from the first
key information generation circuit 24 is additionally recorded. The
information which is additionally recorded in the CD-R recording
unit is recorded in the form of reflectance change of the
reflection film formed by the reflection film forming machine
41.
[0084] Basically, the CD-R recording unit 7 has the same structure
as that of the commercially available CD-R unit excepting that the
CD-R unit is modified so that the lead-out area is accessed.
[0085] A compact disk 8 completed as described above (finished
disk) is shown schematically in FIG. 3A. As shown in FIG. 3A, the
compact disk 8 is divided into 3 areas. The innermost circumference
side is the lead-in area (lead-in) L1, the intermediate area is the
data area DA, and the outermost area is the lead-out area
(lead-out) LO.
[0086] On the lead-in area LI, the TOC information and the second
key information signal KY2 used for accessing the compact disk 8
are recorded. An example of a schematic picture obtained when the
lead-in area is observed by a microscope is shown in FIG. 3B whose
TOC information is recorded in the form of pits. The central
position of each of such pits is deviated slightly from the center
of the track, the second key information signal KY2 is recorded in
the form of deviation.
[0087] The data area DA is an area where the double-encrypted
digital audio signal SC is recorded. When this area is observed by
a microscope, it is found that the double-encrypted digital audio
signal SC is recorded in the form of pits, for example, as shown in
FIG. 3C. Because the second key information signal KY2 is not
recorded on the data area, the central position of each pit is not
deviated.
[0088] On the lead-out area LO, the key information KY1 is recorded
by the CD-R recording unit 7. When this area is observed by a
microscope, it is found that the first key information signal KY1
is recorded in the form of reflectance change as shown, for
example, in FIG. 3D. It is understood that the information is
recorded not as a physical change (concave-convex).
[0089] For example, it is assumed that a pirated disk maker get a
compact disk 8 manufactured as described above and tries to make a
pirated disk by supplying the reproduced signal obtained from the
compact disk 8 to a cutting machine. As a result, the TOC
information recorded on the lead-in LI, the information of the data
area, and the information of the lead-out are all supplied to the
cutting machine, and recorded on the pirated disk. However, the
second key information signal KY2 recorded in the form of
positional deviation of each pit on the lead-in LI does not appear
in the reproduced signal, thus not recorded in the pirated disk.
Because the second key information signal KY2 cannot be decrypted
by the use of the pirated disk made in the manner as described
above, it is impossible to reproduce the music signal or the like.
Accordingly, the pirated disk is useless, and making of such
pirated disks by the use of the method as described above is
prevented.
[0090] Next, it is assumed that a pirated disk maker gets a compact
disk 8 and tries to make a pirated disk by the use of a method in
which the pits are transferred physically. In this case, it is
likely that the second key information signal KY2 recorded in the
form of positional deviation on the lead-in area is transferred
onto the pirated disk as is. However, the first key information
signal KY1 recorded on the lead-out LO area is recorded in the form
of reflectance change, and does not cause physical convex-concave.
Therefore, the first key information signal KY1 is not transferred
onto the pirated disk. Because the encryption by the first key
information signal KY1 cannot be decrypted by the use of the
pirated disk made as described above, therefore, it is impossible
to reproduce it. And accordingly, the pirated disk is useless, so
that making of such pirated disks by the use of the method as
described above is prevented.
[0091] As described above, according to the example in accordance
with the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to
prevent the pirated disk making by the use of any of the methods in
which a disk is physically transferred and the method in which the
reproduced signal is supplied directly to a cutting machine.
[0092] Next, a reproducing apparatus 50 for reproducing a compact
disk 8 manufactured as described above will be described with
reference to FIG. 4.
[0093] The reproducing apparatus 50 shown in FIG. 4 is controlled
by a system controller 64. The compact disk 8 is rotated by a
spindle motor 51. The spindle motor 51 and an optical pickup 53 are
controlled by a servo circuit 52 so as to perform a predetermined
operation. A reproduced RF signal generated from the optical pickup
53 is supplied to a binary circuit 54. A push-pull signal PP
supplied from the optical pickup 53 is supplied to an A/D converter
61.
[0094] The binarization circuit 54 compares the supplied reproduced
RF signal with a predetermined slice level, thereby generating a
binary signal. The binary signal is supplied to an EFM demodulation
circuit 55. The EFM demodulation circuit 55 demodulates EFM from
the binary signal, thereby generating an 8 bit-signal, and supplies
the generated 8 bit-signal to an ECC (error correction circuit)
circuit 56.
[0095] The ECC circuit 56 corrects errors in the output of the EFM
demodulation circuit 55 according to the ECC (Error Correcting
Code) added during coding in recording. Such an error is caused,
for example, from a defect on the compact disk 8.
[0096] On the other hand, the A/D converter 61 digitizes
(quantization) the push-pull signal and supplies it to a DSP 62 as
a digital reproduced signal DRF. Because the push-pull signal PP is
a signal which is proportional to the positional deviation of the
pit from the track center, the push-pull signal includes the
information recorded as the second key information signal KY2. The
DSP 62, which is a digital signal processing processor, processes
the digital reproduced signal DRF according to a program recorded
in the internal portion and demodulates FM modulation modulated by
the modulation circuit 32, thereby finding the second key
information signal KY2.
[0097] A first cryptogram processing circuit 57 decrypts the
encryption applied to the output signal from the ECC circuit 156 by
the use of the second key information signal KY2 determined as
described above. The information from which the second encryption
(encrypted by the second encryption circuit 23 shown in FIG. 1) is
decrypted is supplied subsequently to the second encryption
processing circuit 58. Simultaneously, the signal from the ECC
circuit 56 is supplied also to a memory 63. A system controller 64
controls the memory 63 to store the first key information signal
KY1 in the memory 63. Consequently, the first key information
signal KY1 stored in the memory 63 is kept supplied to the second
cryptogram processing circuit 58, thus the second cryptogram
processing circuit 58 can decrypt the first encryption (encrypted
by the first encryption circuit 22 shown in FIG. 1).
[0098] Because the encryption is decrypted as described above, the
digital audio signal SA is restored on the output side of the
second cryptogram processing circuit 58. The digital audio signal
SA obtained as described above is converted to an analog audio
signal by a D/A converter 59 and sent to an output terminal 60, and
supplied to a speaker or the like for sounding.
[0099] The decryption operation as described above is performed by
the system controller 64. The system controller 64 is composed so
that a predetermined operation shown by a flow chart in FIG. 5 is
performed by the reproducing apparatus 50 each time a new optical
disk 8 is loaded, thereby realizing the decryption process as
described above consistently.
[0100] In the process performed by the system controller 64 shown
in FIG. 5, first the system controller 64 gives a command to
respective components of the system including the servo circuit 52
in step ST-1 and instructs for the movement of the focal point of
the beam emitted from the optical pickup to the lead-in area LI of
the optical disk 8. Next, in step ST-2, the push-pull signal PP
supplied from the optical pickup 53 is quantized by the A/D
converter 61, and processed by the DSP 62, thereby decoding the
information recorded as the second key information signal KY2.
Next, in step ST-3, the decoded second key information signal KY2
is supplied to the output terminal of the DSP 62, and the value is
retained.
[0101] The system controller 64 instructs for the movement of the
focal point of the beam emitted from the optical pickup to the
lead-out area LO in step ST-4. Next, in step ST-5, the system
controller 64 instructs for storing of the read-out first key
information signal KY1 in the memory 63. As described above, the
first key information signal KY1 and the second key information
signal KY2 are obtained, and then the system controller 64 controls
the whole system so as to reproduce the data from the compact disk
8 for sounding.
[0102] As described above, the system controller 64 controls the
whole system so that the key information recorded on the lead-in
area LI and lead-out area LO is read out and the decryption of
cryptogram is performed and the sound is generated after that.
Consequently, it is prevented that the encryption is not decrypted
while a large noise is generated as a sound from the speaker.
[0103] In the case that the compact disk 8 is a normal disk (not a
pirated disk), both first and second key information signals KY1
and KY2 are decoded correctly. Consequently, the first and second
cryptogram processing circuits 57 and 58 can obtain the information
required for decryption. Therefore, the output of the second
cryptogram processing circuit 58 is supplied to the D/A converter
59, the output of the D/A converter 59 is converted to, for
example, a music signal, and thus the subject user can enjoy the
music recorded in the compact disk 8.
[0104] In the case that a disk obtained by the apparatus for
manufacturing optical disks of the present invention is reproduced
and the reproduced signal is supplied again to a cutting machine to
make a pirated disk, the pirated disk has no second key information
signal KY2 recorded in the form of positional deviation of the pit.
Therefore, when the pirated disk is tried to be reproduced by the
use of an optical disk reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 4, the
user can not enjoy the music from such a pirated disk. In the case
that a pirated disk is obtained by a method in which the physical
configuration of a disk is transferred as described previously,
also the user can not enjoy the music.
[0105] In the above-mentioned example of this embodiment, although
the case that the second key information KY2 is recorded in the
form of positional deviation of the pit is described, the present
invention is not limited only to this case; for example, the second
key information signal KY2 may be recorded in the form of slight
change of the pit width. In this case, an optical detection system
for detecting a push-pull signal is not required for the optical
disk reproducing apparatus, the structure of the optical disk
reproducing apparatus is simplified and the cost is reduced.
(1-2) Effects of the Above Embodiments
[0106] According to the first to fifth present inventions, because
an optical disk manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing an
optical disk having recorded digital data to be read out by
irradiation of a laser beam comprises an encryption unit for
encrypting input digital data according to a plurality of key
information, an optical disk substrate manufacturing unit for
manufacturing an optical disk substrate on which the encrypted
digital data and the key information are recorded in the form of
physical configurational change, a reflection film forming unit for
forming a reflection film on the optical disk substrate, and a key
information recording unit for recording the key information on the
optical disk substrate having the reflection film thereon, an
optical disk manufacturing apparatus which exhibits the effect as
described herein under is obtained. In detail, according to the
first to fifth present inventions, because the key information is
recorded by the use of two different methods, namely physical
configurational change and reflectance change of a reflection film,
an optical disk manufactured by such a manufacturing apparatus of
the present invention can not be duplicated not only by the use of
physical transfer and a pirated disk can not be obtained but also
by a method in which the reproduced signal reproduced from an
optical disk manufactured by the use of the manufacturing apparatus
of the present invention is supplied directly to a cutting machine.
Therefore, accordingly to the optical disk manufacturing apparatus
of the first to fifth present inventions, an optical disk which
protects the profit of the object rightful copyright holder is
manufactured.
[0107] According to the sixth to eighth present inventions, because
an optical disk manufacturing method for manufacturing an optical
disk having the recorded digital data to be read out by irradiating
a laser beam comprises an encryption step for encrypting input
digital data according to a plurality of key information, an
optical disk substrate manufacturing step for manufacturing an
optical disk substrate on which the encrypted digital data and the
key information are recorded in the form of physical
configurational change, a reflection film forming step for forming
a reflection film on the optical disk substrate, and a key
information recording step for recording the key information on the
optical disk substrate on which the reflection film is formed, an
optical disk manufacturing method which exhibits the effect as
described hereunder is obtained. In detail, according to the sixth
to eighth present inventions, an optical disk manufactured by an
optical disk manufacturing method of the present invention can not
be duplicated not only by means of physical transfer and a pirated
disk can not be obtained but also by a method in which the
reproduced signal reproduced from an optical disk manufactured by
the use of the optical disk manufacturing method of the present
invention is supplied directly to a cutting machine. Therefore,
accordingly to the optical disk manufacturing method of the sixth
to eighth present inventions, an optical disk which protects the
profit of the rightful copyright holder is manufactured.
[0108] According to the ninth present invention, because an optical
disk has digital data recorded in the form of physical
configurational change and reproduces the digital data by
reflecting an incident laser beam from its reflection film, wherein
the digital signal is encrypted according to a plurality of key
information, one of the plurality of key information is recorded on
the optical disk in the form of physical configurational change,
and at least one of the plurality of key information is recorded in
the form of reflectance change of the reflection film on the
optical disk, it is possible to obtain an optical disk which
exhibits the effect as described hereunder. In detail, according to
the ninth present invention, because the digital data recorded on
an optical disk is encrypted according to a plurality of key
information, one of the plurality of key information is recorded in
the form of physical configurational change on the optical disk and
at least one of the plurality of key information is recorded in the
form of reflectance change of a reflection film on the optical
disk, the optical disk of the ninth present invention can not be
duplicated not only by means of physical transfer and a pirated
disk can not be obtained but also by a method in which the
reproduced signal reproduced from an optical disk of the present
invention is supplied directly to a cutting machine. Therefore,
accordingly to the optical disk manufacturing method of the ninth
present invention, it is possible to manufacture an optical disk
which protects the profit of a rightful copyright holder.
[0109] According to the tenth present invention, because the
invention provides an optical disk reproducing method for
reproducing data from an optical disk having digital data recorded
thereon in the form of physical configurational change and so as to
be read out with a laser beam irradiated on its reflection film,
wherein the digital data is encrypted according to a plurality of
key information, one of the plurality of key information is
recorded in the form of physical configurational change on the
optical disk, and at least one of the plurality of key information
is recorded in the form of reflectance change of the reflection
film on the optical disk, the optical disk reproducing method which
exhibits the effect as described herein under is obtained. In
detail, according to the tenth present invention, it is possible to
obtain the optical disk reproducing method for decrypting correctly
and reproducing the data recorded on a disk, even though the disk
is subjected to pirated copy protection by means of encryption.
(2-1) Configuration in Another Embodiment
[0110] FIG. 6 is a block diagram for an optical disk apparatus in
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The optical
disk apparatus 1 records a disk discrimination code ED on a compact
disk 2 on which digital audio signal is already recorded in the
form of pit string in a compact disk manufacturing process.
[0111] In detail, as shown in FIG. 7, a disk substrate 3 of the
compact disk 2 (shown in FIG. 7D) is manufactured with such plastic
as polycarbonate in the same manner as used for manufacturing an
ordinary compact disk by means of injection molding using a
stamper. Fine convex-concave configuration corresponding to pits
and lands is formed on the information recording side of the disk
substrate 3 in the injection molding process. As shown in an
expanded view (FIG. 7E) with an arrow a, a reflection recording
film 4 for reflecting a laser beam is formed on the information
recording side of the disk substrate 3 of the compact disk 2 by
means of, for example, vapor deposition, and then a protective film
5 for protecting the reflection recording film 4 from corrosion is
formed.
[0112] Such a subcode information absolute time for specifying an
audio signal reproduction position is recorded in the form of
repeated pits and lands on the compact disk 2 in the same manner as
used for an ordinary compact disk, and a laser beam L is irradiated
onto the reflection recording film 4 through the disk substrate 3
and the reflected beam is received, thereby reproducing the audio
signal or the like recorded on the compact disk 2.
[0113] 75 CD frames are assigned for each second of repeated pits
and lands formed as described above (FIG. 7A) in the same manner as
used for an ordinal compact disk and respective 98 EFM frames are
assigned to each CD frame (FIG. 7B). Furthermore, each EFM frame is
divided into 588 channel clocks, and a frame sync is assigned to
the first 22 channel clocks. The basic period of the pit and land
configuration is 1 period of 1 channel clock. The pit and land
configuration is repeated as a length of the integral multiple of
this basic period, and the frame sync is composed of a period of
11T.
[0114] In this embodiment, the reflection recording film 4 is
formed so as to have the same film structure as that of the
information recording side of a CD-R. Thereby, when a laser beam L
having an intensity higher than a certain level is irradiated on
the compact disk 2, the reflectance of the reflection recording
film 4 is changed irreversibly at a position where the laser beam
is irradiated, and the reflectance change is detected in the form
of intensity change of the reflected beam.
[0115] In the optical disk apparatus 1 (FIG. 6), a system control
circuit 10 comprising a micro-computer controls the whole
operation, and records a disk discrimination code ED on the compact
disk 2.
[0116] In the optical disk apparatus 1, a spindle motor 11 rotates
the compact disk 2 at a constant linear speed under the control of
a servo circuit 12.
[0117] An optical pickup 13A detects the reproduction signal RF
from the compact disk 2 prior to an optical pickup 13B, and the
optical pickup 13B records the disk discrimination code ED on the
compact disk 2 according to the process result of the reproduction
signal RF detected by the optical pickup 13A.
[0118] In detail, the optical pickups 13A and 13B are linked by a
thread mechanism in the movement in the radial direction of the
compact disk 2 so as to irradiate laser beams adjacently on the
same track. The optical pickups 13A and 13B are under tracking
control and focus control independently according to the reception
result of the reflected beam obtained by irradiating the laser beam
on the compact disk 2, thereby the optical pickup 13B scans the
same position just after the optical pickup 13A scans.
[0119] The optical pickup 13A receives the reflected beam at a
predetermined reception element, and detects the reproduction
signal RF having the signal level which varies correspondingly to
the beam intensity change of the reflected beam on the reception
face of the reception element. The optical pickup 13B raises the
beam intensity of the laser beam at a predetermined timing under
the control of the APC (Automatic Power Control) circuit 14,
thereby locally changing the reflectance of the reflection
recording film 4 of the compact disk 2.
[0120] An amplifier circuit 15 amplifies the reproduction signal RF
supplied from the optical pickup 13A with a predetermined gain and
sends it out. A binarization circuit 16 binarizes the reproduction
signal RF supplied from the amplifier circuit 15 according to a
predetermined reference level and outputs a binary signal BD. A PLL
circuit 17 reproduces a channel clock CK from the binary signal
BD.
[0121] A delay circuit 22 delays the timing of the binary signal BD
for a time period from the time when the optical pickup 13A scans a
position to the time when the optical pickup 13B scans the same
position, and outputs the delayed timing.
[0122] A disk discrimination code generation circuit 20 comprises a
subcode detection circuit 20A and a read-only memory (ROM) 20B. The
subcode detection circuit 20A processes the binary signal DBD which
is delayed a predetermined time period by the delay circuit 22,
thereby reproducing subcode information included in the binary
signal DBD. Furthermore, the disk discrimination code generation
circuit 20 selectively generates the time information of minute
(AMIN) and second (ASEC) indicated by an absolute time respectively
from the minute, second, and frame included in the subcode. At that
time, the subcode detection circuit 20A also generates the reset
pulse which is synchronous with the second (ASEC) time information
and sends it out to a conversion circuit 21.
[0123] Herein, the minute (AMIN) and second (ASEC) time
information, which indicate a data position on the compact disk 2,
are the subcode information specified as the standard of the
compact disk 2. In other words, the minute (AMIN) time information
represents the data recorded on the compact disk 2 in minutes and
takes a value, for example, from 0 to 74. The second (ASEC) time
information specifies a minute-unit position specified in minutes
(AMIN) more finely in seconds, and takes a value, for example, from
0 to 59.
[0124] The read-only memory 20B holds the disk discrimination code
ED, and generates the data which is held according to the minute
(AMIN) and second (ASEC) time information supplied from the subcode
detection circuit 20A. Herein, the disk discrimination code ED
includes the ID information which is set inherently in each disk,
the information of the manufacturing factory, the data of
manufacture, and the information for controlling permission of
copying, and further includes a sync signal for indicating the
start of the disk discrimination code ED and an error correction
code. The read-only memory 20B holds the disk discrimination code
ED as bit data, and outputs 1 bit disk discrimination code ED to
the "1" address decided by the minute (AMIN) and second (ASEC) time
information. Thereby, the read-only memory 20B generates 1 bit disk
discrimination code ED for each second.
[0125] To generate the disk discrimination code ED and output it as
described above, in the compact disc 2, 1 second consists of 75 CD
frames and 1 CD frame consists of 98 EFM frames (FIG. 8 (A-1) to
(A-3)) as shown in comparison between FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the disk
discrimination code generation circuit 20 generates 1 bit disk
discrimination code ED (FIG. 8D) in units of 7350
(7350=75.times.98) EFM frames, and sends it out. Thereby, the disk
discrimination code generation circuit 20 generates and sends out
the disk discrimination code ED so that at least 10 pit edges on
the compact disk correspond to 1 bit of the disk discrimination
code ED.
[0126] The conversion circuit 21 scrambles the disk discrimination
code ED with reference to the sync pattern and sends it out. It is
thereby difficult to find the disk discrimination code ED.
[0127] In other words, in the conversion circuit 21, a sync pattern
detection circuit 21A detects the sync pattern which appears
repeatedly in the binary signal DBD supplied from the delay circuit
22. At that time, the signal level of the binary signal DBD (FIG.
8A-4) is switched correspondingly to a pit string formed on the
compact disk 2, the signal level rises up at the frame sync
assigned to the start of each frame for a time period of 11T and
then the signal level falls down for a time period of 11T.
[0128] Therefore, the sync pattern detection circuit 21A determines
the signal level of the consecutive binary signal DBD with
reference to the channel clock CK (FIG. 8B) by the use of
multi-connected flip-flop circuits, thereby detecting the frame
sync. In the present embodiment, the sync pattern detection circuit
21A generates a frame pulse FP (FIG. 8C) whose signal level rises
during a time period T, which is 1 channel clock before the start
of the frame sync in the comparison with the timing of the binary
signal DBD to be processed by the subcode detection circuit 20A
according to the detection result of the frame sync.
[0129] An M-series generation circuit 21B comprises a plurality of
cascade-connected flip-flops and exclusive OR circuits, sets the
initial value to each of the plurality of flip-flops at a timing
corresponding to the second (ASEC) time information change
according to the reset pulse supplied from the subcode detection
circuit 20A, and then transfers the set content successively
synchronously with the frame pulse FP and feeds it back at a
predetermined interstage, thereby generating M-series random number
data MS in which the logic levels 1 and 0 appear at the same
probability.
[0130] The exclusive OR circuit 21C receives the M-series signal MS
and the disk discrimination code ED, and generates the exclusive OR
signal to be used as a conversion signal MD (FIG. 8E). In detail,
the exclusive OR circuit 21C generates a conversion signal MD
according to the logical level of the M-series signal MS in the
case that the logical level of the disk discrimination code ED is
0. On the other hand, the circuit 21C generates a conversion signal
MD having the inverted logical level of the M-series signal MS in
the case that the logical level of the disk discrimination code ED
is 1. Thereby, the exclusive OR circuit 21C modulates the disk
discrimination code ED according to the M-series random number.
[0131] An edge detection circuit 23 detects the timing of each pit
edge formed on the compact disk 2 according to the binary signal
DBD supplied from the delay circuit 22 and sends it out. The
modulation circuit 24 gates the conversion signal MD at the timing
of this edge, thereby raising the control signal MX for an APC
circuit 14. The beam intensity of the laser beam is thus raised in
a moment, thereby changing the reflectance of the compact disk 2
locally.
[0132] In detail, as shown in FIG. 9, the delay circuit 22
transfers the binary signal BD synchronously with the channel clock
CK successively by the use of the predetermined stages of
cascade-connected flip-flops 22A to 22O, thereby delaying the
binary signal BD and outputs the delayed signal. The number of
stages of the flip-flops 22A to 22O is set so that the delay time
given to the binary signal BD due to the transfer of the binary
signal becomes equal to the time period between the time when the
optical pickup 13A scans a position and the time when the optical
pickup 13B scans the same position.
[0133] The edge detection circuit 23 supplies the output signal of
the flip-flop 220 the flip-flop 23A which is operated according to
the channel clock CK and supplies the input/output signal of the
flip-flop 23A to an AND circuit 23B. The AND circuit 23B has the
one input terminal which is set as an inverse input terminal so
that the logical level of the output terminal is raised when the
logical level of two input terminals is different from each other.
The edge detection circuit 23 detects the timing when the logical
level of the binary signal BD is switched and outputs the output
signal of the AND circuit 23B which is the detection result as an
edge detection signal EP (FIG. 8F).
[0134] The modulation circuit 24 supplies the edge detection signal
EP and the conversion signal MD to the AND circuit 24A, thereby
gating the conversion signal MD according to the edge detection
signal EP, and generates a conversion signal MXA (FIG. 8G) whose
logical level rises at the timing of a pit edge correspondingly to
the logical level of the conversion signal MD.
[0135] A D-flip-flop 24B, which is operated according to the
channel clock CK, removes gridge noise from the modulation signal
MXA and outputs the noise-removed signal MXA, and a monostable
multi-vibrator (MM) 24C shapes the pulse width of the pulse signal
output from the D-flip-flop 24B and outputs the modulation pulse MX
(FIG. 8H).
[0136] The APC circuit 14 (FIG. 6) switches the beam intensity of
the laser beam emitted from the optical pickup 13B correspondingly
to the modulation pulse MX from the beam intensity for reproduction
to the beam intensity for recording. Herein, the beam intensity for
recording implies a beam intensity which is sufficient to change
the reflectance of the reflection film 4 of the compact disk 2.
[0137] Consequently, the optical disk apparatus 1 raises the beam
intensity of the laser beam corresponding to the disk
discrimination code ED modulated according to the random number
data MS at the timing when the laser beam emitted from the optical
pickup 13B scans an edge of a pit P, forms the mark M so as to
cover astride the corresponding edge to additionally record the
disk discrimination code ED (FIGS. 8I-1 and 8I-2). Therefore, in
the compact disk 2, in the case that the disk discrimination code
ED is not recorded additionally, the reproduction signal RF of the
signal waveform in which the signal level crosses approximately the
average level at the timing when the edges of these pits are
scanned (FIG. 8J-1) is obtained. On the other hand, in the case
that the disk discrimination code ED is recorded additionally as
described above, the reproduction signal RF of the signal waveform
in which the signal level is deviated locally for reflectance
change at the timing of scanning of a pit edge because the
reflectance is locally changed at the corresponding edge is
obtained. And accordingly, the jitter increases for the reflectance
change (FIG. 8J-2). The disk discrimination code ED is recorded on
the compact disk 2 according to the jitter detected from the
reproduction signal RF, and the disk discrimination code ED is
reproduced with reference to the signal level change of the
reproduction signal RF.
[0138] In the optical disk apparatus 1, the beam intensity of the
laser beam which is raised by the APC circuit 14 is set and the
pulse width of the modulation pulse MX, which controls the time
period of the raised beam intensity of the laser beam, is set so
that the reproduction signal RF is processed with the same
reliability as that of the conventional reproduction for generating
the audio signal even though the signal waveform of the
reproduction signal RF is changed as described above, in other
words, so that the reproduction signal RF is binary-discriminated
with sufficient margins in phase and amplitude, thereby generating
a channel clock CK correctly.
[0139] FIG. 10 is a block diagram for a compact disk player for
reproducing the compact disk 2. In the compact disk player 30, a
spindle motor 32 rotates the compact disk 2 at a constant linear
speed under the control of a servo circuit 33.
[0140] An optical pickup 34 irradiates a laser beam onto the
compact disk 2 and receives the reflected beam at a predetermined
reception element, then generates a reproduction signal RF whose
signal level is changed correspondingly to the beam intensity of
the reflected beam at the reception area of the reception element.
The signal level of the reproduction signal RF changes
correspondingly to each pit recorded on the compact disk 2. At that
time, the reflectance of the compact disk 2 is locally changed
correspondingly to each pit edge according to the recorded disk
discrimination code ED, and the signal level of the reproduction
signal RF is thereby changed slightly correspondingly to the
reflectance change due to the disk discrimination code ED.
[0141] A binarization circuit 35 binarizes the reproduction signal
RF with reference to a predetermined reference level, thereby
generating a binary signal BD.
[0142] A PLL circuit 36 is operated with reference to the binary
signal BD, thereby reproducing a channel clock CCK of the
reproduction signal RF.
[0143] An EFM demodulation circuit 37 successively latches the
binary signal BD with reference to the channel clock CCK, thereby
reproducing the data corresponding to the EFM modulation signal S2.
Furthermore, the EFM demodulation circuit 37 EFM-demodulates the
reproduction data and then divides the demodulated data into 8-bit
segments with reference to the frame sync, and deinterleaves each
generated 8-bit signal and outputs it to an ECC (Error Correcting
Code) circuit 38.
[0144] The ECC circuit 38 subjects the output data to an error
correction process according to the error correction code added to
the output data of the EFM demodulation circuit 37, thereby
reproducing and outputting the audio data D1.
[0145] A digital analog conversion circuit (D/A) 39 subjects the
audio data D1 output from the ECC circuit to digital analog
conversion process and output the analog audio signal S4. At that
time, the digital analog conversion circuit 39 stops the output of
the audio signal S4 when the compact disk 2 is determined to be a
compact disk copied illegally under the control of a system control
circuit 40.
[0146] The system control circuit 40 comprises a computer for
controlling the operation of the compact disk player 30. The system
control circuit 40 determines whether or not the compact disk 2 is
an illegally copied disk according to the disk discrimination code
ED supplied from the disk discrimination code reproducing circuit
41, and if the compact disk is determined to be an illegally copied
disk, then the system control circuit 40 controls the digital
analog conversion circuit 39 so as to stop the output of the audio
signal S4.
[0147] The disk discrimination code reproducing circuit 41 decodes
the disk discrimination code ED from the reproduction signal RF and
sends it out.
[0148] FIG. 11 is a detailed block diagram for the disk
discrimination code reproducing circuit 41. In the disk
discrimination code reproducing circuit 41, a subcode detection
circuit 42 monitors the binary signal BD with reference to the
channel clock CCK and decodes the subcode information from the
binary signal BD. The subcode detection circuit 42 monitors the
time information included in the decoded subcode, and generates 1
second detection pulse SECP whose signal level rises each time the
time information changes for 1 second.
[0149] An edge detection circuit 44 has the same structure as that
of the edge detection circuit 23 described above with reference to
FIG. 9, and detects a changing point of each pit from the binary
signal BD and generates an edge detection signal EP.
[0150] A sync pattern detection circuit 45 successively latches the
binary signal BD with reference to the channel clock CCK, and
discriminates the continuous logical level, thereby detecting the
sync pattern and generating a frame pulse FP.
[0151] An M-series generation circuit 46 initializes a read-only
memory address with reference to the 1 second detection pulse SECP,
and then accesses the built-in read-only memory by advancing the
addresses one by one according to the frame pulse FP, thereby
generating M-series random number data MZ corresponding to the
M-series random number data MS generated by the optical disk
apparatus 1.
[0152] Consequently, in the disk discrimination code reproducing
circuit 41, various reference signals required to reproduce the
disk discrimination code ED are generated correspondingly to the
process in the optical disk apparatus 1.
[0153] In the disk discrimination code reproducing circuit 41, the
reproduction signal RF is subjected to analog digital conversion
process with reference to the channel clock CCK in the analog
digital conversion circuit 47, and an 8-bit digital reproduction
signal is generated. A polarity inverting circuit (-1) 48 inverts
the polarity of the digital reproduction signal and outputs the
polarity-inverted signal.
[0154] A selector 49 selects and outputs the digital reproduction
signal supplied directly from the analog digital conversion circuit
47 and the digital reproduction signal whose polarity is inverted,
then the signal is supplied from the polarity inverting circuit 48
correspondingly to the logical level of the M-series random number
data MZ supplied from the M-series generation circuit 46. In
detail, the selector 49 selects and outputs the digital
reproduction signal supplied directly if the logical level of the
M-series random number data MZ is 1. On the other hand, the
selector 40 selects the digital reproduction signal having the
inverted polarity if the logical level of the M-series random
number data MZ is 0. The selector 49 thus reproduces the logical
level of the disk discrimination code ED modulated with the
M-series random number data MS according to multi-value data,
thereby generating the reproduction data RX of the multi-value
data.
[0155] An adder 52, which is a 16-bit digital adder, adds up the
reproduction data RX and the output data AX from an accumulator
(ACU) 53 and outputs the total. The accumulator 53 comprises a
16-bit memory for holding the output data of the adder 52, and
composes an accumulation adder together with the adder 52 because
the held data is fed back to the adder 52. In detail, the
accumulator 53 clears the held data with the 1 second detection
pulse SECP, and then records the output data from the adder 52
synchronously with the output signal EP from the edge detection
circuit 44. Thus, the adder 52 accumulates the logical value
corresponding to a pit edge selected from among the logical values
of the reproduction data RX reproduced by the selector 49 every
second (7350 frames) of the time information set in the subcode
information, thereby generating an accumulated value AX.
[0156] A binarization circuit 54 binarizes the output data AX from
the accumulator 53 according to a predetermined reference value at
the timing when the 1 second detection pulse SECP rises, and
outputs the binary data. The reproduction data RX of the disk
discrimination code ED reproduced by the selector 49 is thus
converted to a binary disk discrimination code ED.
[0157] The disk discrimination code ED is subjected to error
correction process in an ECC circuit by the use of the error
correction code added to the disk discrimination code ED, so that
the error corrected code is output.
(2-2) The Operation of Another Embodiment
[0158] By applying the configuration described above, in the
manufacturing process of a compact disk 2 in accordance with the
present embodiment, a mother disk is formed by an ordinary
mastering apparatus, and a disk substrate 3 is manufactured by the
use of a stamper manufactured from the mother disk. Furthermore, a
reflection recording film 4 and a protective film 5 are formed
additionally on the disk substrate 3, thereby manufacturing a
compact disk 2 (FIG. 7). Pits and lands having a length of an
integral multiple of the basic length corresponding to the
predetermined basic period T respectively are repeated, and the
digital audio signal or the like is recorded on the compact disk
2.
[0159] Herein, the compact disk 2 has a reflection recording film 4
having the same film structure as an information recording film of
a CD-R, when a laser beam L having the beam intensity higher than a
predetermined value is irradiated onto the compact disk 2, the
reflectance of the reflection recording film 4 is changed
irreversibly at a position where the laser beam is irradiated, and
the subdata is recorded in addition to the main data which is
recorded in the form of repeated pits and lands.
[0160] In the optical disk apparatus 1 (FIG. 6), the disk
discrimination code ED is recorded on the compact disk manufactured
as described above so that the disk discrimination code ED does not
affect adversely the reproduction of the digital audio signal
recorded in the form of repeated pits and lands.
[0161] In detail, in the optical disk apparatus 1, the reproduction
signal RF obtained from the optical pickup 13A is converted to the
binary signal BD by the binarization circuit 16, the channel clock
CK is reproduced from the binary signal BD by the PLL circuit 17,
and the binary signal BD is delayed by the delay circuit 22
according to a time difference between the time when the optical
pickup 13A scans a position and the time when the optical pickup
13B used for recording the disk discrimination code ED scans the
same position.
[0162] In the optical disk apparatus 1, the subcode is detected by
the subcode detection circuit 20A from the binary signal DBD
supplied from the delay circuit 22, and the disk discrimination
code ED is generated at an extremely low bit rate (as low as 1 bit
per 1 second) synchronously with the subcode by the access to the
read-only memory 20B according to the minute (AMIN) and second
(ASEC) information included in the subcode.
[0163] Simultaneously, in the sync pattern detection circuit 21A,
the sync pattern is detected from the binary signal DBD, and the
M-series random number data MS in which logical levels 1 and 0
appear at the same probability at the timing synchronous with the
sync pattern is generated according to the detection pattern of the
sync pattern in the M-series generation circuit 21B.
[0164] Also in the optical disk apparatus 1, the exclusive OR
circuit 21C modulates the disk discrimination code ED according to
the M-series random number data MS, thereby rendering the disk
discrimination code ED difficult to be found.
[0165] Also in the optical disk apparatus 1, the edge detection
circuit 23 (FIG. 9) detects the timing when the optical pickup 13B
crosses the edge of a pit, and the subsequent modulation circuit 24
gates the output signal from the exclusive OR circuit 21C with
reference to the timing detection result and shapes the output
signal into a pulse obtained as the gating result and having a
narrow width, and the conversion signal MD obtained thereby raises
the beam intensity of the laser beam emitted from the optical
pickup 13B intermittently.
[0166] Consequently, the reflectance of the reflection recording
film 4 of the compact disk 2 is changed locally at a position (FIG.
8) corresponding to the rise of the beam intensity of the laser
beam according to the control signal MX. At that time, the output
signal from the exclusive OR circuit 21C is gated at the timing
when the optical pickup 13B scans the edge of a pit, thereby
raising the beam intensity of the laser beam, and the mark M is
thereby formed corresponding to the output signal of the exclusive
OR circuit 21C so as to cover astride the edge of each pit.
[0167] In the compact disk 2 on which the mark M is formed as
described above, although the jitter of the reproduction signal RF
increases, because the reflectance change introduced as described
above is very slight, the reflectance change does not affect the
reproduction of the information recorded in the form of pit string
adversely, and the clock is generated stably and accurately and the
recorded data is reproduced correctly.
[0168] In the case of the compact disk 2, because the disk
discrimination code ED is disturbed by the use of the M-series in
which logical levels 1 and 0 appear at the same probability in the
exclusive OR circuit 21C, and the disturbed disk discrimination cod
ED is recorded, when the signal waveform of the reproduction signal
RF is observed on an oscilloscope, the information of the disk
discrimination code ED appears as a noise and the disk
discrimination code ED is rendered difficult to be found.
Furthermore, the disk discrimination code ED is difficult to be
copied.
[0169] In addition to the above, because 1 bit of the disk
discrimination code ED is assigned to 1 second time period, that
is, because 1 bit is recorded dispersedly on the total 7350
(7350=75.times.98) EFM frames, the disk discrimination code ED is
reproduced consistently even if the reproduction signal is
disturbed due to a noise.
[0170] Although the digital audio signal D1 recorded in the form of
pit string on the compact disk 2, on which the disk discrimination
is also recorded as described above, is copied by the use of the
conventional illegal copying method, the disk discrimination code
ED cannot be copied.
[0171] To make exactly the same illegally copied disk as the
compact disk 2, it is required to record the disk discrimination
code ED in the same form of mark, and to do that a disk recording
medium having a reflection recording film on which the digital
audio signal D1 is recorded previously in the form of pit string
must be used. Furthermore a unit having the same structure as that
of the optical disk apparatus 1 must be used. As a result, the disk
discrimination code ED is rendered difficult to be copied.
[0172] When the laser beam is irradiated onto the compact disk 2
(FIG. 10) manufactured as described above, in the compact disk
player 30, the reproduction signal RF whose signal level is changed
with time corresponding to the beam intensity of the reflected beam
obtained by irradiating the laser beam onto the compact disk 2 is
detected, thereby the signal level of the reproduction signal RF
changes with time corresponding to the pit and land configuration
and also corresponding to the reflectance of the compact disk 2,
thereby the reproduction signal RF is binarized by the binarization
circuit 35. Subsequently, the binary signal BD is
binary-discriminated by the EFM demodulation circuit 37, and then
subjected to EFM demodulation and interleave process and to error
correction process carried out by the ECC circuit 38. And
accordingly, the digital audio signal is reproduced.
[0173] At that time, although the signal level near each pit edge
changes slightly due to the existence of the mark because the mark
is formed by locally changing the reflectance on the compact disk
2, the binary signal is correctly discriminated at a sufficiently
practical accurate level to generate a clock and reproduced
correctly due to the generated clock. Consequently, the compact
disk 2 is reproduced correctly by the use of an ordinary compact
disk player even when the disk discrimination code ED is recorded
on this compact disk 2.
[0174] When in reproduction of the digital audio signal as
described above, the disk discrimination code reproducing circuit
41 reproduces the disk discrimination code ED simultaneously from
the compact disk 2. If the disk discrimination code ED is not
reproduced correctly, then the disk is regarded as an illegally
copied disk and the digital analog conversion circuit 39 is
controlled to stop the digital analog conversion process
immediately.
[0175] In detail, when in reproduction of the disk discrimination
code ED (FIG. 11) recorded on the compact disk 2, the sync pattern
detection circuit 45 detects the frame sync, and the M-series
generation circuit 46 generates the M-series random number data MZ
corresponding to the M-series random number data MS for recording
with reference to the detected frame sync.
[0176] Furthermore, the edge detection circuit 44 detects the
timing when the laser beam crosses a pit edge, and the sub-code
detection circuit 42 detects the timing when the sub-code proceeds
in seconds.
[0177] The analog digital conversion circuit 47 converts the
reproduction signal RF to a digital reproduction signal and the
selector 49 selects the digital reproduction signal or the digital
signal whose polarity is inverted with reference to the M-series
random number data MZ, thereby the reproduction data RX which
expresses the logical level of the disk discrimination code ED in
the from of multi-value data is reproduced.
[0178] When in reproduction of the compact disk 2, the accumulator
53 and adder 52 selectively accumulate the reproduction data RX
corresponding to each pit edge in seconds while the subcode
proceeds step by step. The SN ratio obtained by the reproduction
result of the disk discrimination code ED is thereby improved. The
binarization circuit 54 binarizes the accumulation result, thereby
decoding the disk discrimination code ED, and then the disk
discrimination code ED is subjected to error correction process
carried out by the ECC circuit 55 and supplied to the system
control circuit 40.
[0179] When in reproduction of the disk discrimination code ED,
although the reflectance change of an edge is small, the disk
discrimination code ED is obtained as a total of signals obtained
from many pit edges. The disk discrimination code ED can be decoded
sufficiently and consistently without any adverse effect of random
noise on the disk. The adverse effect caused by the level
fluctuation of the whole reproduction signal is avoided
effectively. When the disk discrimination code ED is decoded
according to the total, because the disk discrimination code ED is
disturbed by the use of M-series during recording, it is possible
to reproduce the disk discrimination code ED very stably.
(2-3) Effect of Another Embodiment
[0180] According to the configuration as described above, the laser
beam is irradiated onto the compact disk, thereby changing the
reflectance of the compact disk locally for forming a jitter and
the disk discrimination code is recorded by the use of the jitter.
The disk discrimination code is thus recorded so as to be
reproduced by the optical pickup which reproduces the digital audio
signal and not to be illegally copied without any adverse effect on
the reproduction of the digital audio signal recorded in the form
of pit strings.
[0181] Because 1 bit of the disk discrimination code is assigned to
1 second with reference to the sub-code and 1 bit of the disk
discrimination code is assigned to at least 10 pit edges for
recording, the disk discrimination code is reproduced consistently
without any effect of noise on the reproduction.
[0182] Because the disk discrimination code is modulated with
M-series random data for recording, the disk discrimination code is
recorded so as not to be discriminated easily between noise and the
disk discrimination code itself. It is thus difficult to find and
analyze the disk discrimination code. In addition, the disk
discrimination code is reproduced consistently without any effect
of noise on the reproduction.
[0183] Because the signal level of the reproduction signal RF is
detected to decode the disk discrimination code and the signal
level is accumulated to remove the effect of noise mixed in the
disk discrimination code in the compact disk player, the disk
discrimination code ED which is recorded so as not to be
discriminated from noise easily is reproduced consistently.
[0184] Because the selector 49 selectively processes the digital
reproduction signal by the use of M-series random data MZ to
reproduce the disk discrimination code, the disk discrimination
code which is recorded so as not to be found nor analyzed is
reproduced consistently.
(3) Further Another Embodiment
[0185] Although the case that the CD-R film structure is applied to
the reflection recording film is described in the above-mentioned
embodiment, the present invention is not limited only to the case;
for example, the film structure of a phase change type optical disk
may be applied, or this type of data may be additionally recorded
on a conventional compact disk if it is possible to intermittently
irradiate a laser beam with sufficiently high intensity.
[0186] Although the case that a mark is formed so as to cover
astride a pit edge is described in the above-mentioned embodiment,
the present invention is not limited only to the case; for example,
this type of mark may be formed near the edge to obtain the same
effect as obtained in the above-mentioned embodiment.
[0187] Although the M-series is reset in seconds in the
above-mentioned embodiment, the present invention is not limited
only to the case; for example, the M-series may be reset with each
CD frame to obtain the same effect as obtained in the
above-mentioned embodiment.
[0188] Although the disk discrimination code is recorded in the
above-mentioned embodiment, the present invention is not limited
only to the case; for example, various data required for decryption
may be recorded if the digital audio signal which is encrypted
according to the pit and land length is recorded, if the key
information required for the encryption is recorded, or if the data
required for a key information selection or decoding is
recorded.
[0189] Although the disk discrimination code is recorded on a
compact disk in the above-mentioned embodiment, the present
invention is not limited only to the case; for example, the
reproduction or copy count may be recorded in application to a
compact disk player.
[0190] Although the value accumulated by the accumulator is
subjected to binary discrimination to reproduce the disk
discrimination code in the above-mentioned embodiment, the present
invention is not limited only to the case; for example, the
accumulated value may be subjected to multi-value discrimination
for reproduction.
[0191] Although the EFM modulated digital audio signal is recorded
in the above-mentioned embodiment, the present invention is not
limited only to the case; for example, the present invention may be
applied to various modulations such as 1-7 modulation, 8-16
modulation, and 2-7 modulation.
[0192] Although data is recorded in the form of pits and lands in
the above-mentioned embodiment, the present invention is not
limited only to the case; for example, the present invention may be
applied widely to record the desired data in the form of marks and
spaces.
[0193] Although the present invention is applied to a compact disk
and its peripheral devices to record the audio signal in the
above-mentioned embodiment, the present invention is not limited
only to the case; for example, the present invention may apply
widely to various optical disks such as a video disk and its
various peripheral devices.
(4-1) Configuration in Further Another Embodiment
[0194] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the optical disk apparatus in
further another embodiment of the present invention.
[0195] This optical disk apparatus 1 records audio data D1 by
exposing a laser beam on a master disk 2. The audio data D1 is
obtained from a digital audio recorder 3.
[0196] In detail, in the optical disk apparatus 1, a spindle motor
4 rotates the master disk 2 and an FG signal generation circuit
held at the bottom of the spindle motor 4 outputs the FG signal FG
whose signal level rises at each predetermined angle of rotation. A
spindle servo circuit 5 controls the rotation speed of the spindle
motor 4 according to the laser beam exposing position on the
original disk 2 with reference to this FG signal, thereby rotating
the disk 2 at a predetermined rotation speed.
[0197] A laser element 7 for recording comprises a gas laser
element, etc. and irradiates a laser beam L1 to be exposed on the
disk 2. An optical modulator 8A comprises, for example, an electric
acoustooptic element. The optical modulator 8A subjects this laser
beam L1 to on-off modulation according to the EFM (Eight to
Fourteen Modulation) signal S2 output from the modulator 9 and
outputs the modulated laser beam L2.
[0198] An optical deflector 8B comprises, for example, an electric
acoustooptic element. The optical deflector 8B diffracts the laser
beam L2 output from the optical deflector 8A according to the key
modulation signal KS output from the key modulator 10, thereby
changing the irradiation direction of the laser beam L2 towards the
inner/outer region of the disk 2.
[0199] The mirror 12 folds the path of the laser beam L3 output
from the optical deflector 10, thereby outputting the laser beam L3
towards the disk 2. The objective lens 13 converges the laser beam
reflected from this mirror 12 on the recording face of the disk 2.
Both the mirror 12 and the objective lens 13 are moved by a thread
mechanism (not illustrated) step by step towards the outer region
of the disk 2 from the inner region synchronously with the rotation
of the disk.
[0200] Consequently, the optical disk apparatus 1 can deviates the
focal point of the laser beam L3 step by step from the inner region
to the outer region of the disk 2, thereby forming a spiral track
on the disk 2. In addition, the optical disk apparatus 1 controls
the on/off status of the laser beam L1 through the optical
deflector 8A according to the EFM signal S2 in this track forming
processing, thereby forming pit strings sequentially along the
track. Furthermore, the optical disk apparatus 1 deviates the
irradiation point of the laser beam L2 through the optical
deflector 8B, thereby deviating each pit to the inner/outer region
of the disk according to the key modulation signal KS.
[0201] In the optical disk apparatus 1, therefore, each pit is
formed so as to minimize the deviation towards the inner/outer
region of the disk 2 so that data is reproduced from an optical
disk manufactured on the basis of this master disk by controlling
the tracking under the same characteristics as those of the
conventional compact disk player, that is, reproduction of recorded
data is not disturbed by any pit string. More concretely, in this
embodiment, the deviation of each pit to the inner/outer region of
the disk is suppressed to not more than 1/50 of the track pitch
even in the maximum deviation.
[0202] A digital audio tape recorder 3 outputs the audio data D1 to
an encryption circuit 15. The encryption circuit 15 encrypts this
audio data according to the DES (Data Encryption Standard) code
with reference to the key information KY, then outputs the
result.
[0203] A subcode generator 16 generates subcode data SC
sequentially and outputs the generated data SC in a predetermined
format for the compact disk. A modulation circuit 9 processes the
output data S1 output from the encryption circuit 15, as well as
the subcode SC, thereby generating an EFM signal S2 in the
predetermined compact disk format. In detail, the modulation
circuit 9 adds a correction code to both output data S1 output from
the encryption circuit 15, as well as the subcode data SC, then
interleaves and modulates the data so as to generate an EFM signal
S2.
[0204] Consequently, in the optical disk apparatus 1, the audio
data D1 can be encrypted and recorded in the form of pit strings on
the original disk 2.
[0205] A key modulation circuit 10 generates a key modulation
signal KS from the key information KY and outputs the result.
Consequently, in the optical disk apparatus 1, the key information
KY is recorded according to each bit which is deviated towards the
inner/outer region of the disk. In this optical disk apparatus 1,
the key information KY is generated by the read-only memory,
etc.
[0206] FIG. 13 is a detailed block diagram of this key modulation
circuit 10. In the key modulation circuit 10, as shown in FIG. 14,
the EFM signal S2 (FIG. 14A) is input to the PLL circuit (Phase
Locked Loop) 20 and it reproduces the clock CK (FIG. 14B) from the
EFM signal S2 there.
[0207] A sync detection circuit 21 latches the EFM signal S2
sequentially with reference to the clock CK and determines the
continued logic level of the signal S2, thereby detecting a sync
pattern from the EFM signal S2. The sync detection circuit 21
outputs the frame clock FCK whose logic level rises at each sync
pattern. Consequently, in the format of the compact disk, a sync
pattern is placed at the start of each frame and each frame
comprises 588 channel clocks. Consequently, the sync detection
circuit 21 comes to output the frame clock FCK whose logic level
rises in units of 588 clocks.
[0208] A subcode detection circuit 22 monitors the EFM signal S2
with reference to the clock CK and demodulates a subcode according
to the EFM signal S2. In addition, the subcode detection circuit 22
monitors the time information included in this demodulated subcode
and outputs a 1-second detection pulse SECP whose signal level
rises each time this time information is changed for one second.
Consequently, 98 frames are assigned to one second in the format of
the compact disk, thereby the subcode detection circuit 22 comes to
output a 1-second detection pulse SECP so that its signal level
rises in units of 98 pulses of the frame clock (FCK).
[0209] A counter 23 is a stepping counter for the frame clock FCK.
If the 1-second detection pulse SECP rises, the counter value CT is
reset. The counter 23 is composed as a ring counter which
circulates the counter value CT in seconds. This counter value CT
is changed synchronously with the frame clock FCK.
[0210] A data selector 24 outputs its held data according to the
counter value CT of this counter 23, which is used as an address.
The counter value CT of this counter 23 is changed cyclically in
units of 98 frames per second synchronously with the sync pattern.
The data selector 24 thus outputs 98 types of data one by one
synchronously with the sync pattern used as the address obtained
from the counter value CT. The counter value CT of the counter 23
is changed cyclically in seconds according to the 1-second
detection pulse SECP, thereby the data selector 24 repeats the
output of these 98 types of data cyclically in seconds.
[0211] In this embodiment, the data selector 24 outputs 98-bit data
synchronously with the sync pattern by repeating the output of
1-bit data assigned to each of 98 types of data in seconds. In
addition, each bit of the 54-bit key information KY is assigned to
each predetermined bit of the 98-bit data and a meaningless bit is
assigned to each of the remaining 44 bits. In this embodiment, data
KZ whose value is fixed is assigned to such meaningless data.
[0212] The M-series generation circuit 25 comprises a plurality of
flip-flop circuits and exclusive OR circuits connected serially
respectively. The M-series generation circuit 25 sets an initial
value in each of those flip-flop circuits according to the frame
clock FCK. In addition, the M-series generation circuit 25
transfers such the set data one by one synchronously with the clock
CK and generates M-series random number data MS in which logic
levels 1 and 0 appear at the same probability because the values
are fed back between predetermined stages. Consequently, the
M-series generation circuit 25 outputs random number data MS, which
is a binary series of a pseudo random number synchronized with the
clock CK, so that the same pattern is repeated in one frame period,
which is 588 clock cycles.
[0213] The exclusive OR circuit (X) 27 receives the random number
data MS, as well as the output data KD from the data selector 24,
then outputs a signal MS1 of the exclusive OR of the data MS and KD
(FIG. 14C). In detail, the exclusive OR circuit 27 outputs the
random number data MS as is if the logic value of the data KD
output from the data selector 24 is 0 and outputs the random number
data MS with an inverted logic level if the logic level is 1.
Consequently, the exclusive OR circuit 27 can modulate the key
information KY composing the output data KD with a random number
and output the modulated key information.
[0214] The flip-flop circuit 28 latches the output data MS1 from
the exclusive OR circuit 27 with reference to the rising edge of
the EFM signal S2 and outputs the latched data MS1 (FIG. 14D). In
this embodiment, because the disk 2 is exposed to a laser beam
according to this EFM signal S2, the scanning start edge in each
pit corresponds to the rising edge of the EFM signal S2 on an
optical disk manufactured on the basis of this master disk 2.
Consequently, the flip-flop circuit 28 holds the logic level of the
latched data MS1 within a period between when the data MS1 is
output sequentially from the exclusive OR circuit 27 at the clock
cycle which is a reference period for forming each pit and when the
output data MS1 assigned to a timing for starting each pit is
latched and the forming of at least one pit is finished.
[0215] An amplifier circuit 29 is a driver amplifier for driving
the optical deflector 8B and amplifies the output signal from the
flip-flop 28 and outputs the amplified signal to the optical
deflector 8B as a key modulation signal KS. Consequently, the
amplification circuit 29 can deviate the irradiation point of the
laser beam in bits towards the inner/outer region of the original
disk 2. In the amplifier circuit 29, the gain is set so that this
positional deviation is limited to not more than 1/50 of the track
pitch in maximum. The optical disk apparatus 1 can thus be
prevented from reproducing failures of data recorded in the form of
pit strings.
[0216] In this embodiment, therefore, the original disk 2 exposed
to the laser beam such way is developed and treated for
electroforming, thereby manufacturing a mother disk. This mother
disk is then used to manufacture a stamper. In addition, this
stamper is used to manufacture optical disks in the same way as the
ordinary compact disk manufacturing process.
[0217] Consequently, in this embodiment, an optical disk can be
manufactured so that audio data D1 encrypted in the form of pit
strings is recorded and the key information KY is recorded with a
deviation of each pit P towards the inner/outer region of the
optical disk (FIG. 14E-2). In other words, in an ordinary compact
disk, pits P are formed on the track center one by one along the
track according to the EFM signal S2 and audio data is recorded
according to the length of each pit and the interval between pits
(FIG. 14E-1). On the contrary, in the case of the optical disk in
this embodiment, audio data to be recorded is already encrypted
according to the length of each pit and the interval between pits,
and the key information KY for decrypting the encryption of this
audio data is recorded according to the deviation of each pit
towards the inner/outer region of the optical disk.
[0218] FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an optical disk apparatus 30
for reproducing data from an optical disk 31 manufactured as
described above. In this optical disk apparatus 30, a spindle motor
32 rotates the optical disk 31 at a consistent linear speed under
the control of a servo circuit 33.
[0219] An optical pickup 34 irradiates a laser beam on the optical
disk 31 and receives the reflected laser beam at a predetermined
beam reception element, then outputs a reproduction signal RF whose
signal level is changed according to the intensity of the reflected
laser beam at this reception element. The reproduction signal RF
changes its level according to each pit recorded on the optical
disk 31.
[0220] Furthermore, the optical pickup 34 processes the reflected
laser beam which is received at the beam reception element with the
use of a so-called push-pull method, thereby generating a push-pull
signal PP whose signal level is changed according to the position
of each pit with respect to the laser beam irradiation point at the
inner/outer region of the optical disk 31. The optical pickup 34
outputs a focus error signal whose signal level is changed
according to the amount of the focus error.
[0221] In the servo circuit 33, this push-pull signal PP is used to
limit frequency bands, thereby generating a tracking error signal
whose signal level is changed according to the deviation of the
laser beam irradiation point from the track center. And, this
tracking error signal is used to control the tracking of the
optical pickup 34. The servo circuit 33 controls the focusing of
the optical pickup 34 with the use of the focus error signal.
[0222] A high-pass filter (HPF) 35 cuts the low frequency
components of the push-pull signal PP, thereby removing the
deviation of the laser beam irradiation point from the track center
from the push-pull signal PP whose signal level is changed
according to the position of each pit from this track center.
Consequently, the high-pass filter (HPF) 35 detects the deviation
detection signal HPP whose signal level is changed according to the
deviation of each pit from the track center.
[0223] A binary circuit 36 binarizes the reproduction signal RF at
a predetermined reference level, thereby generating a binary signal
BD.
[0224] A PLL circuit 37 operates with reference to this binary
signal BD, thereby reproducing a channel clock CCK of the
reproduction signal RF.
[0225] An EFM demodulation circuit 38 latches the binary signal BD
sequentially with reference to the channel clock CCK, thereby
reproducing the data corresponding to the EFM demodulation signal
S2. In addition, the EFM demodulation circuit 38, after
demodulating this reproduced data to EFM one, delimits this
demodulated data in units of 8 bits with reference to the frame
sync and deinterleaves each generated 8-bit signal and outputs the
result to an ECC (Error Correcting Code) circuit 39.
[0226] The ECC circuit 39 corrects errors in this output data
according to the error correcting code added to the output data
from this EFM demodulation circuit 38, then reproduces encrypted
audio data and outputs the reproduced data.
[0227] A cryptogram processing circuit 40 decrypts audio data
according to the key information KY detected by the key detection
circuit 42 and outputs the decrypted data.
[0228] A digital/analog conversion circuit (D/A) 41 converts
digital audio data D1 output from this cryptogram processing
circuit 40 to analog data and outputs analog audio data S4.
[0229] A key detection circuit 42 processes the deviation detection
signal HPP with reference to the channel clock CCK and the binary
signal BD, thereby reproducing the key information KY and
outputting the reproduced data to the cryptogram processing circuit
40.
[0230] FIG. 16 is a detailed block diagram of a key detection
circuit 42. In the key detection circuit 42, a subcode detection
circuit 52 monitors the binary signal BD with reference to the
channel clock CCK and demodulates the subcode information from this
binary signal BD. In addition, the subcode detection circuit 52
monitors the time information included in the demodulated subcode
information and outputs a 1-second detection pulse SECP whose
signal level rises each time this time information is kept changed
for one second.
[0231] A pit detection circuit 54 latches the binary signal BD
sequentially at the timing of the channel clock CCK and compares
continuous two latched BD signals with each other, thereby
detecting the pit rising timing according to the result of the
comparison. The pit detection circuit 54 outputs an edge detection
signal PT at the pit rising timing according to this result of
comparison. The pit detection circuit 54 further detects the pit
falling timing in the same way and outputs a center detection
signal CTP around the center of each pit according to the detection
result of the corresponding pit rising timing.
[0232] A sync detection circuit 55 latches the binary signal BD
sequentially with reference to the channel clock CCK and determines
the continued logic level of the binary signal BD, thereby
detecting a sync pattern. Consequently, as shown in FIG. 17, the
sync detection circuit 55 generates a set pulse FSET (FIGS. 17A3,
17B, and 17D) whose signal level rises only for one clock period at
the sync pattern starting timing and a clear pulse FCLR (FIG. 17C)
whose signal level rises with a delay of one clock cycle from this
set pulse FSET and outputs those pulses.
[0233] Consequently, because a sync pattern is detected in units of
588 clock cycles and 98 times per second in the binary reproduction
signal BD (FIGS. 17A1 and 17A2), the sync detection circuit 55 can
output the clear pulse FCLR and the set pulse FSET synchronously
with this sync pattern.
[0234] An M-series generation circuit 56 initializes each address
with reference to the clear pulse FCLR, then accesses the built-in
read-only memory address by address according to the channel clock
CCK, thereby generating M-series random number data MX
corresponding to the M-series random number data MS generated in
the optical disk apparatus 1.
[0235] Consequently, the key detection circuit 42 can reproduce
various reference signals necessary for reproducing the key
information KY with respect to the processing carried out in the
optical disk apparatus 1.
[0236] In the key detection circuit 42, an analog/digital (A/D)
conversion circuit 57 converts the analog deviation detection
signal HPP to a digital HPP signal with reference to the channel
clock CCK, then outputs an 8-bit digital reproduction signal. A
polarity inversion circuit (-1) 58 inverts the polarity of this
digital reproduction signal and outputs the polarity-inverted
signal.
[0237] A latching circuit 59 latches M-series random number data MX
at a timing of the edge detection signal PT and holds this latched
data MX within a time between when the exclusive OR circuit
processes the data MX in the key modulation circuit 10 as described
with reference to FIG. 13, that is, when forming of a pit is
started, and when forming of the pit is completed.
[0238] A selector 60 selects the digital signal entered directly
from the A/D conversion circuit 57 or the polarity-inverted digital
signal entered from the polarity inversion circuit 58 according to
the logic level of the output data MZ output from the latching
circuit 59 and outputs the selected signal. In other words, the
selector selects and outputs the digital signal entered directly
when the logic level of the data MZ is 1 and the polarity-inverted
digital signal when the logic level of the data MZ is 0.
Consequently, this selector 60 comes to reproduce the logic level
of the key information KY (KD) modulated with the M-series random
number data MS with the use of multi-value data and outputs the
data RX reproduced with the use of this multi-value data.
[0239] An adder 62 is a 16-bit digital adder and adds up the
reproduced data RX and the output data AX output from the
accumulator (ACU) 63 and outputs the total. The accumulator 63
comprises a 16-bit memory for holding the output data from the
adder 62. The accumulator 63 feeds back its held data to the adder
62, thereby composing a cumulative adder together with the adder
62. In other words, the accumulator 63 clears itself with the clear
pulse FCLR, then accumulates the output data from the adder 62
synchronously with the output signal CTP from the pit detection
circuit 54.
[0240] Consequently, the adder 62 and the accumulator 63 are
combined to add up or subtract the deviation value detected in the
center of each pit according to the M-series random number data MS.
This adding/subtracting processing is repeated for each frame
period.
[0241] A binary circuit 64 binarizes the output data AX from the
accumulator 63 according to a predetermined reference value and
outputs the binarized data. Consequently, the binarization circuit
64 can convert the data RX reproduced from the key information KY
(KD) with the use of a multi-value data reproduced by the selector
60 to binary data.
[0242] A shift register (SR) 65 is a 98-bit shift register. The
shift register (SR) 65 receives binary data output from the binary
circuit 64 sequentially at the set pulse FSET rising timing, then
transfers the data.
[0243] A flip-flop circuit (F/F) 66 fetches data output from the
shift register 65 in a bit-parallel manner at a timing of the
1-second detection pulse SECP and holds the data. Consequently, the
flip-flop circuit 66 in the key detection circuit 42 can hold the
data KD consisting of key information KY and fixed value data KZ.
The key detection circuit 42 outputs a predetermined bit held in
this flip-flop circuit 66 selectively, thereby supplying key
information KY to the cryptogram processing circuit 40 and
decrypting encrypted audio data.
(4-2) Operation in Further Another Embodiment
[0244] In the above configuration, the optical disk apparatus 1
(FIG. 12) exposes a laser beam on the original disk 2 in the
manufacturing process of the optical disk 31 in this embodiment and
this original disk 2 is developed and treated for electroforming,
thereby manufacturing a mother disk. Then, this mother disk is used
to manufacture a stamper and an optical disk.
[0245] When exposing a laser beam on this master disk 2, in the
optical disk apparatus 1, the audio data D1 output from the digital
audio tape recorder 3 is entered to the encryption circuit 15 and
encrypted there with the use of predetermined key information KY.
Consequently, the audio data D1 is processed so as not to be
reproduced without this key information KY. After this, the audio
data D1 is converted to an EFM signal S2 in the modulation circuit
9 in the same way as the conventional compact disk.
[0246] In the optical disk apparatus 1, this EFM signal S2 controls
the on/off status of the laser beam L1 and this controlled laser
beam L2 is converged sequentially from the inner region to the
outer region of the master disk 2, thereby forming a spiral track
on the object optical disk from the inner region to the outer
region. The encrypted audio data D1 is thus recorded in the form of
pit strings along this track.
[0247] While the audio data D1 is recorded in the form of pit
strings such way, the key modulation circuit 10 in the optical disk
apparatus 1 can modulate the key information KY so as not to be
decrypted easily, thereby generating a key modulation signal KS.
And, this key modulation signal KS drives the optical deflector 8B
and deviates the focal point of the laser beam L3 towards the
inner/outer region of the original disk 2. The key information KY
is thus recorded according to the deviation of each pit towards the
inner/outer region of the disk 2.
[0248] In this embodiment, therefore, it is possible to provide the
audio data D1 encrypted so as not to be reproduced without the key
information KY, as well as the key information KY recorded together
on one medium.
[0249] The positional deviation of each pit formed as described
above is limited to not more than 1/50 of the track pitch, thereby
the pit is deviated cannot be recognized easily even by the use of
a microscope. This makes it very difficult to analyze such the
positional deviation of each pit, so that the optical disk can be
protected effectively from illegal copying.
[0250] In addition, because the positional deviation is very small,
reproduction signals can be reproduced surely with the margins
enough in both phase and amplitude. The audio data D1 recorded in
the form of pit strings can thus be reproduced certainly. Such the
deviation of a pit towards the inner/outer region of the disk
affects the controlling of the tracking some times, but such a
small deviation of the pit in this embodiment never disturbs the
accuracy of the tracking. Audio data recorded in the form of pits
can thus be reproduced accurately enough for practical use.
[0251] In detail, the key information KY (FIG. 13), because 98
frames are assigned to one second on a compact disk, is set in the
data selector 24 so that data KZ consisting of 44 meaningless fixed
bits are added to the key information KY consisting of a 54-bit DES
code when one bit data is assigned to each frame.
[0252] The key information KY(KD) set so that one bit is assigned
to one frame is output from the data selector 24 so as to be
circulated in seconds according to the sync pattern detected in the
sync detection circuit 21 and the SECP detected in seconds in the
subcode detection circuit 22.
[0253] At the same time, the M-series generation circuit 25
generates random number data MS, which is a binary series in which
logic levels 1 and 0 appear at the same probability synchronously
with the clock CK and repetitively in frames according to the FCK
indicating a detected sync pattern.
[0254] The key information KY(KD) is output from the data selector
24 and modulated with random number data MS when the exclusive OR
circuit 27 obtains an exclusive OR from between the key information
KY(KD) and the random number data MS. At this time, because this
random number data MS is a binary series in which logic levels 1
and 0 appear at the same probability, the modulated output data
from the exclusive OR circuit 27 enables logic levels 1 and 0 to
appear at almost the same probability.
[0255] In the key modulation circuit 10, the output data MS1
generated such way is latched by the flip-flop 28 at the rising of
the EFM signal S2, thereby one bit of the output data MS1 is
assigned selectively in each pit formed on the original disk 2.
And, according to the logic level of this one bit, the focal point
of the laser beam L3 is deflected towards the inner/outer region of
the disk 2 by the optical deflector 8B, so that the key information
KY is recorded according to this deflection towards the inner/outer
region of the disk 2.
[0256] In this embodiment, the key information KY(KD) is output
from the data selector in units of a single bit per frame and this
key information KY(KD) is modulated with random number data MS,
thereby the pit P is deviated in position. On the optical disk,
therefore, the pit P is deviated irregularly towards the
inner/outer region of the optical disk 2.
[0257] In this embodiment, therefore, the bits of the key
information KY(KD) are recorded in a plurality of pits in a
distributed manner, so that it is very difficult to find the key
information KY recorded in such pits deviated at random from the
center of the track. More concretely, even when the data recording
face of the optical disk is checked with a microscope, a bit string
is just seen as if modulated with a noise, thus it is very
difficult to find such the key information KY visually.
Consequently, because one bit of the key information KY is assigned
to the 588 channel clocks in this case, at least one bit of the key
information KY comes to be recorded in not less than 50 pits in a
distributed manner.
[0258] Furthermore, because logic levels 1 and 0 appear at the same
probability in the random number data MS at this time, pits are
also formed so as to be deviated towards the inner and outer
regions from the track center at almost the same probability. And,
because such the positional deviation of each pit is very small,
the deviation of the pit is just recognized as a noise mixture when
observing various signals obtained from the optical pickup with the
use of a microscope. It is thus very difficult to check from the
waveforms of those signals whether or not the key information KY
exists.
[0259] On the other hand, suck the deviation of each pit does not
include any offset component which is a DC component. In addition,
because the output data MS1 is latched by the flip-flop circuit 28
and each pit is deviated in position according to the data MS1,
this deviation of the pit can be detected easily, although an
extremely degraded SN is used for the detection. The SN is obtained
by extracting the high band components from the push-pull signal PP
for detecting the tracking error signal. Consequently, this optical
disk can be protected from illegal copying while it is structured
simply so as to reproduce the key information KY with the use of a
conventional optical pickup.
[0260] More concretely, just like in the conventional compact disk
player, the optical disk apparatus 30 manufactured as described
above allows the reproduction signal RF to be binarized in the
binarization circuit 36, then processed in the EFM demodulation
circuit 38. Furthermore, the errors in the signal RF can be
corrected in the following ECC circuit 39, thereby encrypted audio
data is reproduced. In the following cryptogram processing circuit
40, audio data is decrypted according to the key information KY
obtained separately, so that audio signals recorded in the form of
pit strings can be reproduced as a sound through the D/A conversion
circuit 41.
[0261] In the optical disk apparatus 30, the band of the push-pull
signal PP obtained through the optical pickup 34 is limited by the
high pass filter 35, thereby it is possible to detect the
off-track-center detection signal HPP whose signal level is changed
according to the deviation of each pit towards the inner/outer
region of the optical disk 2 with a simple structure.
[0262] Furthermore, in the optical disk apparatus 30, this
deviation detection signal HPP is processed by the key detection
circuit 42, so that the key information KY can be reproduced.
[0263] In detail, in the key detection circuit 42, the deviation
detection signal HPP is converted to a digital signal by the A/D
conversion circuit 57 in channel clocks, then the polarity is
inverted by the polarity inversion circuit 58.
[0264] These two types of digital signals are entered to the adder
62 selectively according to the output data MZ. The data MZ is
generated as a result of the latching of the random number data MX
by the latching circuit 59 corresponding to a pit with reference to
the sync pattern of the binary signal BD. The digital signal
selected and entered to the adder 62 such way is accumulated there
with reference to the FCLR, which is a detected sync pattern.
[0265] In detail, when in recording, the output data from the A/D
conversion circuit 57 is added or subtracted according to the logic
level of the output data from the exclusive OR circuit 27 (FIG. 13)
at the rising timing of the EFM signal S2, and the accumulated
value AX which is a result of addition or subtraction is
accumulated in the accumulator 63 for each frame. In addition, the
accumulated value AX in this accumulator 63, which is a binary
discrimination result, is fetched into the shift register 65 when a
sync pattern is started, thereby the key information KY is
demodulated.
[0266] Consequently, because the deviation of each pit is so small
and the deviation detection signal HPP obtained from each pit is
accumulated for one frame such way so as to be subjected to binary
discrimination even with an extremely degraded S/N ratio, the key
information KY can be reproduced after the binary discrimination
with a high S/N ratio. The key information KY can thus be
reproduced certainly, while it is recorded so as not to be found
easily.
[0267] In the key detection circuit 42, the accumulator 63 fetches
data from the adder 62 corresponding to the center of each pit when
the circuit 42 accumulates the signal level of the deviation
detection signal HPP. Consequently, the signal level of the
deviation detection signal HPP is accumulated at a stable timing,
thereby the key detection circuit 42 is much more improved for the
detection accuracy.
[0268] Illegal copying from the master optical disk 2 described
above might also be done by controlling the on/off status of the
laser beam with the use of the binary signal BD output from the
binary circuit 36. In such the illegal copying, however, it is very
difficult to record the key information KY depending on the
disposition of each pit deviated from the track center. This makes
it very difficult to copy the master disk 31 illegally in this
embodiment.
[0269] In the case that audio data is reproduced from an optical
disk copied illegally by copying only the pit strings such way, the
key information KY recorded according to the pits deviated from the
track center will not be copied, so that audio signals are output
just like an encrypted noise. The recorded music, therefore, will
not be reproduced normally, thereby the illegally copied optical
disk becomes useless, thus illegal copying is prevented.
[0270] In this embodiment, therefore, key information can be
recorded so as be reproduced with an optical pickup for reproducing
audio data and not to be copied illegally without any adverse
effect on reproduction of audio data recorded in the form of pit
strings.
(4-3) Effect of Further Another Effective Embodiment
[0271] According to the configuration of the optical disk apparatus
as described above, because key information is recorded in the form
of pits so as to be deviated from the track center towards the
inner/outer region of the disk, key information can be recorded so
as be reproduced with an optical pickup for reproducing audio data
and not to be copied illegally without any adverse effect on the
reproduction of the audio data recorded in the form of pit strings.
Consequently, the audio data encrypted with this key information
can be recorded in the form of pit strings so as to be protected
from illegal copying effectively.
[0272] In addition, because key information is modulated with a
binary series before it is recorded, it is difficult to find such
the key information recorded in the form of pits deviated from the
track center and it is effectively prevented from illegal
copying.
[0273] In addition, because an M-series random numbers causing
logic levels 1 and 0 to appear at the same probability is employed
for the binary series, output signals from the optical pickup are
observed like a noise mixture, thereby the recorded key information
cannot be found easily and protected effectively from illegal
copying.
[0274] This embodiment also makes it possible to assign one bit of
the key information to at least 50 pits and to dispose these pits
so as to be deviated from the track center very slightly, thereby
the recorded key information can be reproduced certainly.
[0275] In detail, the logic level of a binary series is referenced
to integrate the signal level of the deviation detection signal. It
is thus possible to reproduce the key information recorded so as to
be deviated very slightly from the track center.
[0276] In addition, because the deviation of each pit from the
track center is limited to not more than 1/50 of the track pitch,
it is difficult to find the key information recorded in the form of
pits deviated such way slightly.
(5) Further Another Embodiment
[0277] Although one bit of key information is assigned to one frame
in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited only
to the case; for example, a plurality of bits of the key
information may be assigned to one frame and furthermore, one bit
of the key information may be as signed to a plurality of frames.
And, instead of the assignment of such key information bits with
reference to a frame of audio data, one bit of key information may
be assigned with reference to the number of pits.
[0278] Although one bit of key information is recorded in not less
than 50 pits in a distributed manner by assigning one bit of the
key information to one frame in the above embodiment, the present
invention is not limited only to the case; for example, the number
of pits to be assigned to one bit may be varied as needed. As a
result of testing, it is found that key information can be
reproduced at an S/N ratio satisfactorily enough for practical use
if one bit of key information is assigned to not less than 20
pits.
[0279] Although key information is recorded with the use of added
meaningless fixed bits in the above embodiment, the present
invention is not limited only to the case; for example, an error
correcting code and/or copyright data, etc. may be added to the key
information to be recorded.
[0280] Although encrypted data is recorded in the form of pit
strings and key information required for decrypting data is also
recorded in the form of pits deviated from the track center towards
the inner/outer region of the disk in the above embodiment, the
present invention is not limited only to the case; for example, the
key information may be replaced with another kind of data such as
discrimination data for whether to enable or disable copying.
[0281] Although the accumulated value in the accumulator is
subjected to binary discrimination, thereby reproducing the key
information in the above embodiment, the present invention is not
limited only to the case; for example, this accumulated value may
be subjected to multi-value discrimination. In this case,
multi-value data can be recorded in pits deviated from the track
center.
[0282] Although digital audio signals are modulated to EFM signals
before they are recorded in the above embodiment, the present
invention is not limited only to the case; for example, the digital
audio signals may be modulated in various modulations such as 1-7,
8-1, 2-7 modulations.
[0283] Although key information is recorded on the entire surface
of the optical disk in the above embodiment, the present invention
is not limited only to the case; for example, the key information
may be recorded only in such a limited region as a lead-in
area.
[0284] Although desired data is recorded in the form of pit strings
in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited only
to the case; for example, desired data may be recorded in the form
of mark strings.
[0285] Although the present invention applies to an optical disk
for recording audio data and its peripheral devices, thereby
recording audio signals, the present invention is not limited only
to the case; for example, the present invention may apply to
various types of optical disks such as a video disk, as well as its
peripheral devices.
[0286] As described above, according to the optical disk apparatus
in this embodiment, the worth of each pirated version optical disk
can be degraded significantly even when any of the above methods is
used, thereby the popularization of such pirated version optical
disks can be prevented.
[0287] Furthermore, according to the present invention, because the
reflectance of the optical disk is locally changed to give a jitter
to each edge position information and desired data is additionally
recorded by the use of the jitter, such data as disc discrimination
code is recorded without any adverse effect on the reproduction of
the data string recorded in the form of pit strings so as to be
reproduced by the optical pickup which is served for reproducing
the data strings and so as not to be copied illegally.
[0288] Furthermore, according to the present invention, because
such subdata as key information is recorded in the form of pits
deviated from the track center towards the inner/outer region of
the optical disk, various data can be recorded so as to be produced
with an optical pickup for reproducing data strings recorded in the
form of pit strings and not to be copied illegally depending on the
copying method.
* * * * *