U.S. patent application number 10/481690 was filed with the patent office on 2006-08-03 for building module and the method of erecting walls of building with the application of the modules.
Invention is credited to Arkadiusz Muszynski.
Application Number | 20060168904 10/481690 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26653402 |
Filed Date | 2006-08-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060168904 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Muszynski; Arkadiusz |
August 3, 2006 |
Building module and the method of erecting walls of building with
the application of the modules
Abstract
The building module and method for erecting walls is composed of
the supporting construction provided with the carrying ribs (1),
placed at the settled distance one from another, to the above
supporting construction at the lateral side of it one or two
mantles (2) profiled on the outside surface and composed of at
least one profile (3) placed simultaneously lengthwise and
crosswise the carrying ribs are fixed. On the opposite side of the
mantle, the flat mantle (2a) is fixed to the supporting
construction, if necessary. On the top and at the bottom of the
mantles there are preferably joint ends (8 and 8a) acting jointly
which serve to join the adjacent modules whereas at the corners of
buildings erected with their application they are provided with
overlapping cruciform recesses (9 and 9a) made on the top and at
the bottom of them. The carrying ribs have the uniform or segmented
construction composed of cubes (1a) and attachments (1b) which are
combined in a rigid way with the mantle profiles. In order to fix
stable vertical supporting construction, the ports (14) earmarked
for introducing threaded fasteners provided with the bolt have been
made in the carrying posts (1).
Inventors: |
Muszynski; Arkadiusz;
(Pabianice, PL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BROWN & MICHAELS, PC;400 M & T BANK BUILDING
118 NORTH TIOGA ST
ITHACA
NY
14850
US
|
Family ID: |
26653402 |
Appl. No.: |
10/481690 |
Filed: |
June 19, 2002 |
PCT Filed: |
June 19, 2002 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/PL02/00040 |
371 Date: |
December 23, 2004 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/233 ;
52/284 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04B 2/702 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
052/233 ;
052/284 |
International
Class: |
E04B 1/10 20060101
E04B001/10; E04B 5/00 20060101 E04B005/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jun 19, 2001 |
PL |
P348211 |
Jun 12, 2002 |
PL |
P354441 |
Claims
1. (canceled)
2. (canceled)
3. (canceled)
4. (canceled)
5. (canceled)
6. (canceled)
7. (canceled)
8. (canceled)
9. (canceled)
10. (canceled)
11. (canceled)
12. (canceled)
13. (canceled)
14. (canceled)
15. (canceled)
16. (canceled)
17. (canceled)
18. (canceled)
19. (canceled)
20. Building module earmarked for erecting building walls and
consisting of the supporting construction, characterised in that to
the supporting construction provided with carrying ribs /1/ placed
at the settled distance one from another, at the lateral side of
the above construction--the mantle /2/ profiled on the outside
surface and composed of at least one profile placed simultaneously
both lengthwise and crosswise the carrying ribs--is fixed.
21. The module according to the claim 1 and characterised in that
mantles /2 and 2a / situated at the corners of walls erected with
their application are preferably provided with overlapping
cruciform recesses /9 and 9a / made on the top and at the bottom of
them.
22. The module according to the claim 2 and characterised in that
recesses /9 and 9a / made in mantles /2 and 2a / have a depth equal
approximately to 1/2 of their height.
23. The module according to the claim 1 and characterised with that
the mantle /2/ profiled on the outside surface and composed of at
least two profiles /3/ is provided with the tongue-groove joint
with a stiffening tongue /7/ which is situated at the point of
frontal profiles adhesion.
24. The module according to the claim 1 and characterised with that
the carrying ribs /1/ have a segmented construction composed of
cubes /1a /and attachments /1b I which are combined in a rigid way
with profiles /3/ of the mantle /2/.
25. The module according to the claim 5 and characterised in that
the carrying ribs /1/ are provided in their central part with
vertically made ports /14/ envisaged for introducing of threaded
fasteners.
26. The module according to the claim 5 and characterised in that
the cubes /1a / and attachments /1b / are combined one with another
by means of the frontal tongue-groove joint /13/.
27. The module according to the claim 5 and characterised in that
the attachment /16/ in order to combine, has led arms /25/,
embracing the cube /1a / from the top and from the bottom.
28. The module according to the claim 1 and characterised in that
at the ends of the module, plugs /11/ shaped to fit the inside
contour of the module transverse section are fixed in respective
holes.
29. The module according to the claim 9 and characterised in that
the plug /11/ on its frontal side is provided with a flanged offset
/12/ which is shaped to fit the outside contour of a transverse
section of the module.
30. The module according to the claim 1 and characterised in that
on the top and at the bottom of the mantle /2/ profiled on the
outside surface there are, if necessary, suitable joint ends /8/
acting jointly which serve to join the adjacent modules.
31. The module according to the claim 1 and characterised in that
the mantle /2/ profiled on the outside surface, is fixed to the
supporting construction provided with the carrying ribs /1/ on one
of its lateral sides.
32. The module according to the claim 12 and characterised in that
mantles /2 and 2a / situated at the corners of walls erected with
their application are preferably provided with overlapping
cruciform recesses /9 and 9a / made on the top and at the bottom of
them.
33. The module according to the claim 13 and characterised in that
recesses /9 and 9a / made in mantles /2 and 2a / have a depth equal
approximately to 1/2 of their height.
34. The module according to the claim 12 and characterised with
that the mantle /2/ profiled on the outside surface and composed of
at least two profiles /3/ is provided with the tongue-groove joint
with a stiffening tongue /7/ which is situated at the point of
frontal profiles adhesion.
35. The module according to the claim 12 and characterised with
that the carrying ribs /1/ have a segmented construction composed
of cubes /1a / and attachments /1bI which are combined in a rigid
way with profiles /3/ of the mantle /2/.
36. The module according to the claim 16 and characterised in that
the carrying ribs /1/ are provided in their central part with
vertically made ports /14/ envisaged for introducing of threaded
fasteners.
37. The module according to the claim 16 and characterised in that
the cubes /1a / and attachments /1b / are combined one with another
by means of the frontal tongue-groove joint /13/.
38. The module according to the claim 16 and characterised in that
the attachment /16/ in order to combine, has led arms /25/,
embracing the cube /1a / from the top and from the bottom.
39. The module according to the claim 1 and characterised in that
it is provided with mantles /2/ profiled on outside surfaces and
fixed to the supporting construction with carrying ribs /I/ on both
its lateral sides.
40. The module according to the claim 20 and characterised in that
mantles /2 and 2a / situated at the corners of walls erected with
their application are preferably provided with overlapping
cruciform recesses /9 and 9a / made on the top and at the bottom of
them.
41. The module according to the claim 21 and characterised in that
recesses /9 and 9a / made in mantles /2 and 2a / have a depth equal
approximately to 1/2 of their height.
42. The module according to the claim 20 and characterised with
that the mantle /2/ profiled on the outside surface and composed of
at least two profiles /3/ is provided with the tongue-groove joint
with a stiffening tongue /7/ which is situated at the point of
frontal profiles adhesion.
43. The module according to the claim 20 and characterised with
that the carrying ribs /1/ have a segmented construction composed
of cubes /1a / and attachments /1b I which are combined in a rigid
way with profiles /3/ of the mantle /2/.
44. The module according to the claim 24 and characterised in that
the carrying ribs /1/ are provided in their central part with
vertically made ports /14/ envisaged for introducing of threaded
fasteners.
45. The module according to the claim 24 and characterised in that
the cubes /1a / and attachments /1b / are combined one with another
by means of the frontal tongue-groove joint /13/.
46. The module according to claim 24 and characterised in that the
attachment /16/ in order to combine, has led arms /25/, embracing
the cube /1a / from the top and from the bottom.
47. The module according to the claim 1 and characterised in that
the mantle /2/ profiled on outside surface is fixed to the
supporting construction provided with carrying ribs /1/ on one of
its lateral sides, whereas the flat mantle /2a/ is fixed to the
opposite lateral side of supporting construction, which is situated
simultaneously lengthwise and crosswise in relation to the carrying
ribs.
48. The module according to the claim 28 and characterised in that
mantles /2 and 2a / situated at the corners of walls erected with
their application are preferably provided with overlapping
cruciform recesses /9 and 9a / made on the top and at the bottom of
them.
49. The module according to the claim 29 and characterised in that
recesses /9 and 9a / made in mantles /2 and 2a / have a depth equal
approximately to 1/2 of their height.
50. The module according to the claim 28 and characterised with
that the mantle /2/ profiled on the outside surface and composed of
at least two profiles /3/ is provided with the tongue-groove joint
with a stiffening tongue /7/ which is situated at the point of
frontal profiles adhesion.
51. The module according to the claim 28 and characterised with
that the carrying ribs /1/ have a segmented construction composed
of cubes /1a / and attachments /1b I which are combined in a rigid
way with profiles /3/ of the mantle /2/.
52. The module according to the claim 28 and characterised in that
the carrying ribs /1/ are provided in their central part with
vertically made ports /14/ envisaged for introducing of threaded
fasteners.
53. The module according to the claim 28 and characterised in that
the cubes /1a / and attachments /1b / are combined one with another
by means of the frontal tongue-groove joint /13/.
54. The module according to claim 28 and characterised in that the
attachment /16/ in order to combine, has led arms /25/, embracing
the cube /1a / from the top and from the bottom.
55. The module according to the claim 28 and characterised in that
on the top and at the bottom of it, the flat mantle /2.sub.--a/ is
provided with joint ends /8a/ acting jointly which serve to join
the adjacent modules.
56. The method of erecting building walls with the application of
building modules which are composed of the supporting constructions
provided with the carrying ribs, to one side or both lateral sides
of which the mantles are fixed and characterised in that the first
wall module is placed on the ground-sill and then band elastic
seals /23/ are put on the mantle 12 I ends; next--the successive
modules are laid with a simultaneous positioning of the carrying
ribs /1/ which are to meet each other; in the end--into the contact
point, preferably glue is introduced in order to fix stable
vertical supporting construction on the top of which the carrying
beam is laid; in the case of erecting corner walls--the modules
situated at the corners are laid alternately in a cruciform way and
they are fastened on the top and at the bottom one to another with
recesses /9 and 9a / that were made in them beforehand.
57. The method according to the claim 37 and characterised in that
in order to fix stable vertical supporting construction, the
successive modules laid on another are joined with the preceding
threaded fasteners which are passed through vertical ports /14/
made beforehand in the carrying ribs /1/.
58. The method according to the claim 37 and characterised in that
the modules before the assembly are filled with the thermo
insulation material.
59. The method according to the claim 37 and characterised in that
the modules during the process of assembly are filled with the
thermo insulation material.
Description
[0001] The abject-matter of the invention is the building module
and the method of erecting walls of buildings with the application
of modules shape of which approximates the worked tree trunk.
[0002] Commonly known are building constructions erected with the
application of logs, most often these of soft-wood that after
cutting down, due to a moisture content, require the long-lasting
seasoning. Walls of the construction are erected from logs by.
means of placing one log on another and their joining by tenoning
technique; in the case of erecting corner walls--the logs provided
with recesses previously made on their ends (most often on one side
, half-way their thickness) are attached one to another in a
cruciform way. Buildings of this type are erected from dry logs and
that is why, in order to speed up the process of drying, it is
known that logs are subject to longitudinal sawing to obtain
narrower elements, which are then dried in the industrial chambers
and joined again by gluing.
[0003] According to the international patent claim No W 0997/39204,
the building module used for erecting walls, namely--flat
constructions of walls, is known. This module is provided with two
parallel wall sections in a form of planes, external surfaces of
which constitute at the same time the external surface of the wall
under construction. The timber core of the module joints both parts
of the wall and contains at least one section running longwise the
module which--when the next building module is attached--vertically
comes between wall sections of the next module in order to form
together with it a pin junction, which overtakes forces that act
crosswise. Both in this one and the other known (e.g. from the
European description EP-0214088 and EP-0744507) similar
construction solutions referring to modules, vertical forces in
principal are transferred by appropriately matched--in respect of
strength factor--plate sections of walls which constitute at the
same time the external surfaces of the wall under construction.
Obtaining any new outfit of walls requires the application of
additional finishing materials. According to the Polish patent
claim P.336370 the building module earmarked for erecting skeletons
of building walls is also known; this module is provided with
equally spaced carrying posts joined together in a rigid way with
the application of distance plates. In such a solution vertical
forces of the formed construction are transferred by posts joined
together by means of tenoning.
[0004] The purpose of the invention is to work out a lightweight
construction of a building module which will be able to substitute
traditionally used timber logs.
[0005] In accordance with the invention, the module is provided
with the mantle profiled on the outside surface which is composed
of at least one profile placed simultaneously lengthwise and
crosswise the carrying ribs; this mantle is fixed to the module on
the lateral side of its supporting construction provided with the
carrying ribs placed at the settled distance one from another. The
module is provided with the one mantle profiled on its outside
surface or two such mantles which are fixed to the supporting
construction on both its lateral sides. In the case when there is
only one mantle profiled on its outside surface, the flat mantle is
fixed to the opposite lateral side of the supporting construction,
if necessary. On the top and at the bottom of the mantles there are
suitable joint ends which act jointly and serve to join the
adjacent modules; on the other hand--at the corners of walls
erected with the application of such modules--preferable the
mantles have on the top and at the bottom overlapping cruciform
recesses. At the ends of the module, plugs shaped to fit the inside
contour of the module transverse section are fixed in respective
holes. The carrying ribs constitute the uniform or segmented
construction composed of cubes and attachments, which are combined
in a rigid way with profiles of the mantle. The attachments are
combined with the cubes by means of preferably frontal
tongue-groove joint or they have arms embracing the cubes on the
top and at the bottom which are led to combine the above. The
carrying ribs are provided in their central parts with vertical
ports made for threaded fasteners.
[0006] The method of erecting building walls with the application
of the presented modules consists in it that the first wall module
is placed on the ground-sill and then the band elastic seals are
put on the mantle ends; next--the successive modules are placed one
on another with a simultaneous positioning of the carrying ribs
which are to meet together equally ; in order to fix stable
vertical supporting construction, the glue is introduced into the
contact point of the modules and/or they are fastened together by
means of the threaded fasteners through the ports made in them; on
the top of such a supporting construction, the carrying beam is
laid; in the case of erecting corner walls, if necessary, the
modules situated at the corners are laid alternately in a cruciform
way and they are fastened together on the top and at the bottom
with recesses that were made in them beforehand. Before the
assembly or during the assembly the modules are filled with thermo
insulation material.
[0007] Lightweight and simple construction of the module makes it
possible to erect economical, stable and properly thermally
insulated buildings with the application of various building
materials.
[0008] The object-matter of the invention is presented in the
examples of making shown in the respective figures where:
[0009] FIG. 1 presents the first example of making of the building
module from a top perspective view,
[0010] FIG. 2--module from the FIG. 1 in a transverse section
across the carrying rib of the supporting construction,
[0011] FIG. 3--module from the FIG. 1 in a side view,
[0012] FIG. 4--module from the FIG. 1 in a top view or from
below,
[0013] FIG. 5--the second example of building module making from a
top perspective view,
[0014] FIG. 6--module from the FIG. 5 in a transverse section
across the carrying rib of the supporting construction,
[0015] FIG. 7--module from the FIG. 5 in a side view,
[0016] FIG. 8--module from the FIG. 5 in a top view or from
below,
[0017] FIG. 9--the third example of building module making from a
top perspective view on the side of the external wall,
[0018] FIG. 10--module from the FIG. 9 from a top perspective view
on the side of the inside wall,
[0019] FIG. 11--module from the FIG. 9 in a transverse section
across the carrying rib,
[0020] FIG. 12--module from the FIG. 9 in a top view or from
below,
[0021] FIG. 13--the fourth example of building module making from a
top perspective view on the side of the external wall,
[0022] FIG. 14--module from the FIG. 13 in a transverse section
across the carrying rib,
[0023] FIG. 15--module from the FIG. 13 in a side view on the side
of the external wall,
[0024] FIG. 16--module from the FIG. 13 in a side view on the side
of the inside wall,
[0025] FIG. 17--module from FIG. 13 in a top view or from
below,
[0026] FIG. 18--the fifth example of building module making from a
top perspective view,
[0027] FIG. 19--module from the FIG. 18 in a transverse section
across the carrying rib,
[0028] FIG. 20--module from the FIG. 18 in a side view,
[0029] FIG. 21--module from the FIG. 18 in a top view or from
below,
[0030] FIG. 22--the sixth example of building module making from a
top perspective view on the side of the external wall,
[0031] FIG. 23--module from the FIG. 22 from a top perspective view
on the side of the inside wall,
[0032] FIG. 24--the module from the FIG. 22 in a transverse section
across the carrying rib,
[0033] FIG. 25--module from the FIG. 22 in a top view or from
below,
[0034] FIG. 26--the seventh example of building module making from
a top perspective view,
[0035] FIG. 27--module from the FIG. 26 in a transverse section
across the carrying rib,
[0036] FIG. 28--the plug closing the module port outlet in a
perspective view from the inner side,
[0037] FIG. 29--the plug of the module in a perspective view from
the external side,
[0038] FIG. 30--the same plug in a side view,
[0039] FIG. 31--the eight example of building module making from a
top perspective view,
[0040] FIG. 32--module from the FIG. 31 in a side view,
[0041] FIG. 33--module from the FIG. 31 in a top view or from
below,
[0042] FIG. 34--module from the FIG. 31 in a transverse section
across the carrying rib,
[0043] FIG. 35--the corner fragment of the wall composed of the
modules from the FIG. 5 in a top perspective view from the side of
external wall,
[0044] FIG. 36--the corner fragment of the wall from the FIG. 35 in
a side view,
[0045] FIG. 37--fragment of the wall from the FIG. 35 in a top
view,
[0046] FIG. 38--the corner fragment of the wall composed of the
modules from the FIG. 1 in a top perspective view from the side of
inside wall,
[0047] FIG. 39--the corner fragment of the wall from the FIG. 38 in
a side view,
[0048] FIG. 40--the same corner fragment of the wall in a top
view,
[0049] FIG. 41--the ninth example of building module making in a
top perspective view,
[0050] FIG. 42--module from the FIG. 41 in a transverse section
across the terminal carrying rib of the supporting
construction,
[0051] FIG. 43--module from the FIG. 41 in a transverse section
across the remaining carrying ribs of the supporting
construction,
[0052] FIG. 44--the upper profile of the mantle of the module from
the FIG. 41 in a transverse section,
[0053] FIG. 45--the lower profile of the mantle of the module from
the FIG. 41 in a transverse section,
[0054] FIG. 46--the attachment to the carrying rib in a side
view,
[0055] FIG. 47--the same attachment from the FIG. 46 in a top
view,
[0056] FIG. 48--the cube of the carrying rib in a vertical
section,
[0057] FIG. 49--the same cube from the FIG. 48 in a top view,
[0058] FIG. 50--the tenth example of building module making from a
top perspective view,
[0059] FIG. 51--module from the FIG. 50 in a transverse section
across the carrying rib,
[0060] FIG. 52--the eleventh example of building module making from
a top perspective view from the external side of the wall,
[0061] FIG. 53--module from the FIG. 52 in a transverse section
across the carrying rib,
[0062] FIG. 54--decomposed threading set for modules joining in a
side view,
[0063] FIG. 55--fragment of the wall formed with the application of
two modules from the FIG. 41 in a vertical transverse section,
[0064] FIG. 56--fragment of the wall from the FIG. 55 in a
longitudinal section across the central section of the carrying
rib,
[0065] FIG. 57--the layer set of two modules presented in the FIG.
50 in a vertical transverse section,
[0066] FIG. 58--corner fragments of building walls in a top
view,
[0067] FIG. 59--the twelfth example of building module making in a
vertical transverse section across the carrying rib, and
[0068] FIG. 60--module in a partial longitudinal section along the
A-A line in accordance with the FIG. 59.
[0069] The building module according to the invention is composed
of the supporting construction that is formed of the carrying ribs
1 placed at such a distance one from another which is determined by
the stiffness of the construction itself. To the supporting
construction on one or both its lateral sides, which form at the
same time external or inner side of the constructed wall, there is
attached the mantle 2 profiled on the outside surface and made of
one or a few profiles 3 placed simultaneously lengthwise and
crosswise the carrying ribs. The ribs have preferably a form of a
rectangular prism, which is situated horizontally. Its height is at
the same time equal to the thickness of the rib, which measured
longwise the module amounts to a few centimetres.
[0070] The supporting construction with the ribs in a form of
rectangular cubes can be reinforced with e.g. longitudinal
fasteners 4. With the purpose to additionally increase stiffness
and stability of the walls, the ribs can be provided with acting
jointly tenons 5 and mortises 6 earmarked for layer vertical
joining of adjacent modules and situated on the opposite frontal
sides of the ribs. The tenons are fixed in a permanent way or they
constitute separate units in a form of dowels with a circular
section, which are stuck into the adequately fitted mortises on
both frontal sections of these ribs. Moreover, tenon joints enable
precise positioning of the modules one in relation to another in
the course of erecting building walls what ensures that the ribs
are combined longwise the entire frontal surfaces adhering one to
each other.
[0071] The mantle 2 is profiled on the outside surface and has a
shape of the worked tree trunk; it can have a smooth or any
optionally carved surface. The profiles of the average thickness in
principal not exceeding 2,5 cm have preferably flat surface
undernetah, whereas their outside surface is adequately profiled to
fit the outline of this fragment of the mantle which they form.
[0072] The ribs are situated in relation to the mantle in such a
way that their upper and lower frontal walls are placed
approximately at the height of the upper or lower contour line of
the mantle or somewhat below or above this height.
[0073] The elements of the module can be made of timber both from
softwood or hardwood and/or timber derivatives e.g. chipboards,
partially--of plastics or metal as well as of any other building
materials with suitable strength parameters. They are joined
together in a rigid way by gluing and/or by means of commonly known
mechanical fastening materials such as e.g. nails, screws or
steel-stitches. The mechanical fastening materials including screws
and steel-stitches that are used to attach the mantle to the
supporting construction are introduced in the course of assembly
process from the inner side of the module in order that they are
not visible from the outside.
[0074] The length of the module can be optional and it can be
fitted to the length of the wall or to the length of its fragment
in accordance with requirements of the building project. With a
view to describe construction of the module, the examples of making
present only short modules which can be obtained also from long
modules by their cutting across with a saw to fit the requested
length. Also thickness and shape can be adjusted in order to meet
respective project requirements; this can be achieved by means of
constructing mantles from smaller or greater quantity of profiles
(even more than five of them), which are fixed to the supporting
construction of the adequate size.
[0075] The module presented in the first example of making in the
FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 is provided with the carrying ribs 1 with a
vertical transverse section of a hexagon shape, to the both lateral
sides of which convex mantles 2 are preferably fixed by gluing that
in their transverse section have a form of arcs on the external
side. The mantle is composed of two profiles 3 convexly profiled on
the external side that are joined together longwise their adhering
frontal edges by means of the tongue-groove joint provided with the
separated or its own stiffening tongue 7. The flat inside profiles
adhere with their entire surfaces to the rectangular walls of the
ribs, ensuring this way an adequate stiffness of the whole
construction on their full width.
[0076] On the top and at the bottom longwise the entire mantle,
profiles are preferably provided with joint ends 8 overlapping each
other in the course of the wall assembly. The modules placed one on
each other are provided along their full length with expansion gaps
situated at the point of their joint ends on their frontal side.
Inside the segment, between the mantles and the ribs, free spaces
are formed that are filled with thermo insulation material e.g.
mineral wool or foamed polystyrene preferably in a form of
granulate. On both sides, in the case of longer modules forming
corners with the adjoining walls on both sides or on one side at
the end, on the top and at the bottom recesses 9 are made in the
mantles; such recesses have a width fitted to the width of the same
module profiled on the outside surface and joined in a cruciform
way when forming wall corners. Close to the above mentioned
recesses, the modules can be reinforced with the additional ribs.
The total depth of both recesses amounts approximately to 1/2 of
the module mantle height. Such a construction of recesses makes it
possible to combine in a rigid way all modules forming corners what
ensures an adequate stability of the erected buildings. The
supporting construction of the module presented in the second
example of making in the FIGS. 5,6,7, and 8 is composed of the
carrying ribs 1 having a form of rectangular cubes to which, on
both their lateral sides in a central section, rectangular
fasteners 4 with chamfered corners are fixed; the chamfered corners
form surfaces which are tangential to the inside walls of the
profiles 3 and also form on the external side the convexly profiled
mantles just like in the first example. Fasteners of the supporting
construction adhere with their chamfered corners to the profiles in
their central section what increases stiffness of the construction
along the full length of the module.
[0077] The module presented in the example of malting in the FIGS.
9,10,11 and 12 is provided with the carrying ribs 1, which in a
vertical transverse section has a form of a pentagon. On one side,
to the angular offset of the ribs (just in the same way like in the
first example of making), the convex mantle 2 with recesses 9 is
fixed which forms the external side of the constructed building. On
the other hand, on the second lateral side, the flat mantle 2a
composed of one or more profiles joined frontally preferably by
means of the tongue-groove joints is fixed to vertical walls of the
ribs.
[0078] On the top and at the bottom of this mantle is provided with
joint ends 8a overlapping each other in the course of the wall
assembly. In the mantle 2a similarly to the mantle 2 on the top and
at the bottom of it recesses 9a are made which are readjusted in
respect of the dimension to the cruciform joining of the identical
modules situated at the corners of the erected walls. The ribs are
provided at the bottom or on the top of them with additionally
mounted tenons 5 in a form of dowels whereas on the opposite side
of the frontal side they have adequately fitted mortise 6. Thanks
to the mounting of tenons into mortises all elements are
additionally combined and the construction itself becomes much more
stiff. The ports 10 made in the ribs longwise the modules make it
possible to introduce installation materials e.g. electric cables
into the inside of walls.
[0079] The module presented in the example of making on the FIGS.
13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 has the supporting construction composed of
the carrying ribs I having a form of rectangular cubes, to which on
one lateral side in a central section, a rectangular fastener 4
with chamfered corners is fixed; the chamfered corners form
surfaces which are tangential to the inside walls of two profiles
forming on the external side the convexly profiled mantle 2 with
recesses 9 just like in previous examples of making. This mantle
forms the external wall of the erected building walls. On the other
hand, the inside walls may be constructed with the application of
various building materials e.g. boards and plates including
carton-gypsum plates which are fixed preferably to bearers made of
strips which additionally join the ribs together and, at the same
time, stiffen the construction of walls.
[0080] The module presented in the next example of making in the
FIGS. 18, 19, 20 and 21 is provided with the carrying ribs 1 having
a vertical transverse section in a form of an octagon, on both
lateral sides of which the convex mantles 2 are preferably fixed by
gluing that in their transverse section have on the external side a
shape of arcs.
[0081] The mantle is composed of three convex outside profiles 3
joined longwise their adhering edges with frontal tongue-groove
joints. On the top and at the bottom these mantles are provided
with joint ends 8. On the one frontal side the ribs are provided
with dowels 5 whereas on the opposite frontal side they have
mortises 6 readjusted to the above.
[0082] In the central section the ports 10 are made that are
earmarked for leading installation materials.
[0083] The module presented in the example of making in the FIGS.
22, 23, 24 and 25 is provided with the carrying ribs 1 having a
vertical transverse section in a form of a hexagon.
[0084] On the one lateral side the convexly profiled mantle 2 is
fixed to the polygonal offset of the ribs and it forms the external
side of the wall. Just like in the previous example of making, this
mantle is composed of three profiles 3 combined one with another.
On the other hand, on the second lateral side the flat mantle 2a
combined of one or a few profiles is fixed to the vertically
situated walls of the ribs. On the top and at the bottom the
mantles are provided with joint ends 8 and 8a and at the
end--recesses 9 and 9a made in order to join in a cruciform way the
modules situated at the corners.
[0085] The next module presented in the example of making in the
FIGS. 26 and 27 has the same construction as the module presented
in the FIGS. 18, 19, 20 and 21 with the only difference which is
that the central profiles of the mantles have flat surfaces on the
external sides of them.
[0086] The module presented in the example of making in the FIGS.
31, 32, 33 and 34 is provided with the carrying ribs 1 having a
form of rectangular cubes, on both lateral sides of which the
mantles profiled on the outside surface are fixed; these mantles
form uniform profiles. As it has been marked with a broken line in
the FIGS. 31 and 34, the mantles can be composed of two profiles
combined frontally longwise their central section line.
[0087] As it has been presented in the FIGS. 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 and
40, at the corners of erected walls, projecting parts of the
modules are provided with ports opened on their frontal sides;
outlets of these ports are closed with plugs 11 which are shaped to
fit the inside contour line of a transverse section of the module.
The plug in its transverse section has a form of a polygon or
another figure in the case when in the mantles on their inner side
e.g. arched furrows have been made. On its frontal side it can be
provided with a flanged offset 12 which is shaped to fit an outside
contour line of a transverse section of the module.
[0088] The method of erecting building walls from the presented
modules consists in that the first wall module is placed on the
ground-sill, then--on the joint ends of the mantles--band elastic
seals are laid and next--the successive modules are placed one on
another with a simultaneous positioning of the carrying ribs which
are to meet each other equally; into the contact point of the
above, glue is introduced in order to fix stable vertical
supporting construction on the top of which the carrying beam is
laid; in the case of erecting corner walls--the modules situated at
the corners are laid alternately in a cruciform way and attached on
the top and at the bottom with recesses 9 and 9a.
[0089] Before the assembly or in the course of the assembly of
walls, free spaces of the modules are filled with thermo insulation
material. In the course of assembly segment ends situated at the
wall corners and opened on their frontal side are closed tightly
with the plugs. In order to increase stiffness of the module
construction of buildings under construction spread on a larger
area, the walls erected with the application of the ground-sill and
the upper beam can be additionally screwed together by means of
e.g. long vertical fasteners. The upper part of the ground-sill is
formed in such a way that the carrying ribs of the first module
adhere to its upper surface with their entire lower frontal
surfaces. The same refers to the upper carrying beam, the base of
which is situated directly on the ribs of the last module. Joining
of ribs with the application of glue in principal limits the usage
of tenon joint accompanied with dowels; dowels of smaller
dimensions can be possibly helpful as they facilitate equal placing
of the modules in such a way that the ribs in the course of
erecting walls adhere to each other with entire frontal surfaces.
Irrespective of the above, the joint ends 8 and 8a ease the equal
vertical erecting of wall with the application of modules.
[0090] The expansion gaps that have been formed between the joint
ends of the mantles are closed with the known elastic seals what
ensures stability and tightness the building structure
independently of the climate conditions.
[0091] The modules presented in the next examples of making have
such a construction that is fitted to erect walls and establish
stable buildings also under the severe climate conditions.
[0092] The module presented in the example of making in the FIGS.
41-49 is provided with the carrying ribs 1 with the segmented
construction, to the both lateral sides of which convex mantles 2
are preferably fixed by gluing which in their transverse section
have on the external side a shape of arcs. The mantle is composed
of two convex profiles 3 profiled on the external surface and
joined longwise their adhering edges also with a tongue-groove
joint provided with the separate or its own stiffening tongue 7.
The carrying ribs 1 are composed of cubes 1a, which create the main
carrying core in a form of a rectangular prism, and attachments 1b
having a shape of a rectangular prism situated horizontally, side
walls of which directly adhere to the inside walls of the profiles
3 of the mantle 2 with which they are joined in a rigid way by
gluing. Irrespective of joining made with glue, the attachments are
preferably on their inner sides additionally attached to the
profiles by means of at least two bolts led in a straight line with
the mantle in order to reinforce the construction. The attachments
have a width measured along the module which is equal to the
thickness of the cube, but they can also have larger or smaller
width than the above mentioned. In the extreme making the
attachments joined together on their lateral sides may establish a
uniform strip in a form of the fastener 4 as it has been presented
in a general outline shown in the FIGS. 5 and 6; such the fastener
additionally stiffens construction of the mantle longwise the full
length of the module. The cubes in their central section, longwise
their vertical axis, are provided with the ports 14 envisaged for
introduction of the set of threaded fasteners composed e.g. of a
stud-bolt 16 adequately adjusted to fit the port, a joint 17 in a
form of a sleeve with a male- and female thread, a washer 18 as
well as a nut 19. The ports can be performed in the carrying ribs
both of the segmented as well as the uniform construction as
presented in the preceding examples of modules making and they can
completely or partially substitute tenon joints. The upper and the
lower part of the port is widened in order to form at the lower
part--a mortise 20 for a nut 19 and at the upper part--a mortise 21
for a joint 17. Moreover, at the upper part through the full width
a recess 22 for a washer 18 has been made. Depending on the type of
material used for making fasteners, the bolt with a joint or the
joint with a nut may form combined uniform units. The washer is
adjusted and mortises are shaped in accordance with dimensions of
these units.
[0093] The attachment is combined with the cube by means of gluing
made on the surface of the frontal joint 13 where one of the rib
segments is provided with a tongue and the second one--with a
groove shaped preferably in a form of a fin. The segmented
construction of the carrying ribs facilitates, from the
technological point of view, making mantles from profiles which are
fixed to the attachments 1b by gluing ; in this case any usage of
large presses with the specialised equipment is not needed to form
appropriate reproducible three-dimensional profiles. The
attachments are made of materials characterised by high resistance
parameters which are appropriate for materials envisaged for
supporting constructions.
[0094] The mantles themselves accompanied with attachments can be
used as facade elements in traditional buildings with flat
walls.
[0095] At the end of the module, in the upper and lower parts of
it, the recesses 9 can be made in the mantles; they have a width
fitted to the width of the same module profiled on the outside
surface which is joined in a cruciform way in the course of forming
corners of the walls.
[0096] A part of the rib cubes e.g. the terminal ones, on their
opposite frontal sides at the corners can be provided with acting
jointly tenons 5 and mortises 6 earmarked for layer vertical
joining of the adjacent modules irrespective of the presence of the
cubes 1a provided with the ports 14.
[0097] In the case of erecting a long wall construction, the
modules may be joined together within the same layer on their
lateral side with bolts which are passed through the ports 15 of
the attachments 1b fixed to the ends of the module. The contact
points of joining on the mantle wall are sealed with a commonly
known material such as e.g. silicon.
[0098] In the process of erecting walls, just opposite the ports of
rib cubes 1a, the ground-sill is provided with e.g. threaded units
such as a fastener 17 which are introduced into its mortises and
screwed on the previously mounted bolts. After the first module has
been placed on the ground-sill, which is preferably anchored to the
foundation, through the ports 14 the stud-bolts 16 are screwed
manually into the joints of the ground-sill. Then, on the threaded
upper ends of bolts the next joints are screwed which are
introduced into mortises 21. After the washers 18 have been put on
cubes, nuts are introduced on the male threads of joints and
strongly tightened with a wrench. After seals 23 have been
previously put on the upper ends of the mantle, the second building
module is laid and joined with the lower one by means of the
identical set of the threaded fasteners. Eventually, the upper
carrying beam is placed on the modules and also fixed with the
threaded fasteners.
[0099] The module presented in the example of making in the FIGS.
50 and 51 has the mantle 2 composed of three profiles 3 which are
convexly profiled on outside surfaces and all carrying ribs 1 of
the same segmented construction as those presented in the preceding
example but provided with vertically performed ports.
[0100] As it has been presented in the FIGS. 51 and 55, the modules
arranged in layers form the expansion gaps between the upper and
the lower profiles 3 of the mantles which are then closed with the
elastic seals 23. Within the expansion gaps, the outside surface of
the upper profile is slightly convex whereas surface of the lower
profile is flat. Referring to the width of the seal it can be
assumed that within the expansion gaps the profiles have
approximately flat surfaces what facilitates selection of suitable
elastic seals.
[0101] Application of the set of the threaded fasteners enables
also precise positioning of the modules arranged in layers one in
relation to another what in principle eliminates any necessity of
forming joint ends 8 of the mantles within these gaps. Such a
method of modules joining makes it possible that bolts 16 overtake
vertical forces as well as the remaining horizontal forces acting
both in longitudinal and transverse directions.
[0102] The module presented in the example of making in the FIGS.
52 and 53 is also provided with the carrying ribs 1 of the same
segmented construction as those presented in the two preceding
examples of the modules but on the one side of it the cube 1a of
the rib has a flat vertical wall without any groove made in it. At
their ends, the mantles can be provided with recesses for joining
in a cruciform way the modules situated at the corners. On the one
lateral side of the attachment 1b of the rib, the mantle 2 convexly
profiled on its outside surface is fixed and it forms the external
side of the wall. Just like in the previous example of making, this
mantle is composed of three combined profiles 3. On the other hand,
to the second lateral side, the flat mantle 2a composed of one or a
few elements is fixed to vertically situated walls of the cubes 1a.
On the top and at the bottom--the flat mantles are preferably
provided with joint ends 8a.
[0103] The gaps 24 which have been formed between the attachments
of the carrying ribs and the mantles 2 can be used for passing
through installation materials. In different versions of making
e.g. these with the flat mantles 2a, additional ports 10 can be
made in the ribs for this purpose.
[0104] The module presented in the last example of making in the
FIGS. 59 and 60 differs from the previous examples with this that
the attachment 1b of the carrying rib is made of e.g. metal flat
which is deformed longwise the inside adhering edges of the
profiles 3 of the mantle 2 in such a way, that the formed sides
adhere with their outside surfaces to the inside flat surfaces of
the profiles. On the top and at the bottom, in order to combine
profiles horizontal arms 25 are led; they embrace partially the
upper and the lower part of the cube 1b in which suitable
rectangular recesses are made in order to obtain equal horizontal
frontal surfaces. Through the ports made, the attachment is
fastened on one side together with the mantle profiles by means of
bolts and on the opposite side--by means of bolts 26 its arms 25
are fixed to the cube. After the assembly of the wall performed
with the application of the threaded fasteners, the arms of the
attachments are additionally combined with the cubes by pressing
their frontal surfaces. The width of attachment is measured
longwise the module and it is equal to the thickness of the cube or
lower than it is. In a vertical transverse section it has a shape
of a polygon with such a quantity of sides which is readjusted to
the quantity of the profiles in the mantle. The attachments of such
a type are first of all envisaged for construction of modules with
larger diameters which have the mantles composed of three or more
profiles.
[0105] The modules presented in the FIGS. 1, 5, 18, 26, 41, 50 and
59 should be numbered among the basic modules with symmetrical
structures that can be then modified together with the remaining
modules and respectively form sets of building modules of various
dimensions and shapes of external walls complying with the
esthetical requirements as well as climate conditions. Taking into
consideration material economy as well as quality requirements that
are binding in relation to such building materials, the modules
provided with the mantles 2 composed of two profiles 3 can be used
for erecting walls with a thickness of over 25 cm, which ensure a
proper thermal insulation of the erected buildings. The father rise
of insulating power can be achieved by means of increasing a
diameter of the module. At the diameter exceeding 30 cm--the
mantles are preferably composed of three profiles whereas in the
case of diameter within the range of 40 cm--four profiles
respectively.
[0106] The method of erecting building walls with the application
of the presented modules consists in that the first layer of the
wall modules is laid on the ground-sill; it is then screwed to the
ground-sill through the vertical ports situated in the ribs with
the application of the set of threaded fasteners and then band
elastic seals are put on the upper ends of the mantles; the above
operations are repeated with successive layers of modules which are
laid one on another and screwed together with a simultaneous
positioning of the carrying ribs which are to meet one each other
equally; in the end--the carrying beam is placed on the upper part,
which through the ports made in it is screwed by means of the
threaded fasteners with the last layer of the modules.
[0107] In the course of erecting corner walls, the modules provided
with recesses 9 and 9a at their ends, are set alternately in a
cruciform way and fastened on the top and at the bottom using the
above recesses.
[0108] The upper part of the ground-sill is formed in such a way
that the carrying cubes of the first module adhere with their
entire lower frontal surfaces to its upper surface. The same refers
to the upper carrying beam, the base of which is situated directly
on the cubes of the last module ribs.
[0109] Irrespective of the possibility to join modules situated at
wall corners in a cruciform way, it is also possible--as it was
presented in the FIG. 58--to form corners by chamfering. In the
case of constructing rectangular corners, the modules ends are
chamfered at an angle .alpha. accounting for 45.degree. and then,
between the frontal joining surfaces of the modules mantle, a
sealing material such as silicon is introduced. This way there is a
possibility to easy create corners of walls, both at an acute angle
as well as an obtuse angle. In these cases, ends of corner modules
are chamfered at an angle accounting preferably for a half
dimension of these angles. Such a method of forming corners is
possible thanks to the fact that modules are fixed together in a
rigid way by means of the threaded fasteners.
[0110] The modules according to the invention, are earmarked for
the construction of walls of buildings having various assignment,
including apartment buildings, bungalows, office buildings,
restaurants and premises. Construction of the module enables to a
high degree to create any optional forms which have ,at the same
time, reproducible shapes in respect of their entire length.
Lightweight and economical modules meet quality requirements
binding in respect of such building materials; they also make it
possible to erect cheap buildings, which are properly thermally
insulated, stable and resistant to atmospheric conditions.
* * * * *