U.S. patent application number 11/032655 was filed with the patent office on 2006-07-27 for gas-powered water guns and methods.
Invention is credited to Youngtack Shim.
Application Number | 20060163279 11/032655 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36695666 |
Filed Date | 2006-07-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060163279 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Shim; Youngtack |
July 27, 2006 |
Gas-powered water guns and methods
Abstract
The present invention generally relates to various water guns
arranged to eject water by gas pressure. More particularly, the
present invention relates to a water gun with a water chamber and a
reaction chamber, where the water chamber receives and stores water
therein and where a reaction chamber is in fluid communication with
the water chamber, receives a reactant for generating gas by a
chemical reaction, holds the gas, and supplies the gas directly or
indirectly to the water chamber so that the gas increases pressure
inside the water chamber and dispenses the water through a water
outlet of the water gun on user commands by pressure difference
generated by the gas between an interior of such a water chamber
and atmosphere. A water gun of this invention may include a water
chamber which receives and stores water therein, receives a
reactant to generate gas by a chemical reaction, increases its
pressure by the gas, and dispenses the water through a water outlet
of such a water gun on user command by the above pressure
difference. The present invention also relates to various methods
of ejecting water using water guns by gas pressure. More
particularly, a method of such an invention includes the steps of
receiving and storing water in a water chamber, generating gas by
at least one chemical reaction, and ejecting the water by the gas.
Such water guns according to the present invention may include
other sources of pressure such as conventional manual nozzles
and/or hand air pumps. Such foregoing reaction chamber of this
invention may also be arranged to be retrofit to conventional water
guns.
Inventors: |
Shim; Youngtack; (Port
Moody, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Youngtack Shim
155 Aspenwood Drive
Port Moody
BC
V3H 5A5
CA
|
Family ID: |
36695666 |
Appl. No.: |
11/032655 |
Filed: |
January 11, 2005 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/79 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41B 9/0021 20130101;
F41B 9/0018 20130101; B05B 9/0844 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
222/079 |
International
Class: |
A63H 3/18 20060101
A63H003/18 |
Claims
1. A gas-powered water gun configured to dispense water through at
least one water outlet on an user command by a pressure difference
developed by gas between an interior of said water gun and
atmosphere comprising: at least one water chamber which is
configured to receive water, to store said water therein, to
receive at least one reactant capable of generating said gas by at
least one chemical reaction and developing said pressure
difference, to have an airtight configuration to prevent leakage of
said gas therefrom (or to maintain said pressure difference
therein), and to dispense said water through said water outlet by
said gas on said user command.
2. A gas-powered water gun configured to dispense water through at
least one water outlet on an user command by a pressure difference
developed by gas between an interior of said water gun and
atmosphere comprising: at least one water chamber configured to
receive water and to store said water therein; and at least one
reaction chamber which is configured to be in fluid communication
with said water chamber, to receive at least one reactant which is
configured to generate said gas by at least one chemical reaction,
and to supply said gas at least one of directly and indirectly to
said water chamber to dispense said water through said water outlet
by said gas on said user command.
3. The water gun of claim 2, wherein said gas is configured to
include at least one CO.sub.2 derivative comprising at least one of
CO.sub.2, CO.sub.3.sup.-2, and HCO.sub.3.sup.-1.
4. The water gun of claim 2, wherein said reactant is configured to
be formed as one of a solid reactant, a powder reactant, and a
liquid reactant.
5. The water gun of claim 4, wherein said solid reactant is
configured to be provided to have a shape comprising at least one
of a pellet, a bead, a sphere, a cone, an ellipsoid, and an oblong
article.
6. The water gun of claim 2, wherein said reactant is configured to
be composed of a plurality of reactive compounds.
7. The water gun of claim 6, wherein said reactant is configured to
include at least two portions in each of which one of said reactive
compounds is configured to be disposed and to be separated from the
other of said reactive compounds.
8. The water gun of claim 6, wherein said reactant is configured to
include at least one divider configured to be disposed in at least
one of an interior and exterior of said reactant and to separate at
least one of said reactive compound from at least one of atmosphere
and at least one of the others of said reactive compounds.
9. The water gun of claim 2, wherein said reactant is configured to
include at least one external layer of coating configured to cover
at least a portion of said reactant.
10. The water gun of claim 2, wherein said reaction chamber is said
water chamber.
11. The water gun of claim 2, wherein said reaction chamber is
configured to include at least one reactant inlet which is
configured to receive therethrough at least one dose of said
reactant into said reaction chamber.
12. The water gun of claim 11, wherein said reaction chamber is
configured to operatively couple with said water chamber such that
said reaction chamber is configured to at least one of reduce and
stop to supply said gas to said water chamber when an amount of
said water in said water chamber falls below a preset value.
13. The water gun of claim 2 further comprising at least one
reactant chamber which is configured to be operatively coupled to
said reaction chamber, to store a plurality of doses of said
reactants, and to supply at least one dose of said reactant to said
reaction chamber.
14. The water gun of claim 13, wherein said reactant chamber is
configured to operatively couple with at least one of said reaction
chamber and said water chamber so that said reactant chamber is
configured to supply at least one dose of said reactant to said
reaction chamber upon occurrence of a preset event.
15. The water gun of claim 2 further comprising at least one gas
chamber which is configured to be operatively coupled to said
reaction chamber and to store at least a portion of said gas
generated in said reaction chamber.
16. The water gun of claim 15, wherein said gas chamber is
configured to be disposed between said water chamber and said
reaction chamber.
17. The water gun of claim 2 further comprising at least one air
pump configured to be operatively coupled to said reaction chamber
in at least one of a parallel and series arrangement, to allow an
user to manually compress air, and to supply compressed air to said
water chamber.
18. A method of dispensing water from a gas-powered water gun
including a water chamber for storing water therein, a
gas-generating chamber for generating gas, and a pressure-driving
chamber to drive water out of said water chamber by said gas, said
method comprising the steps of: storing water in said water
chamber; generating gas by at least one chemical reaction in said
gas-generating chamber, increasing pressure in said
pressure-driving chamber by said gas; and dispensing said water
from said water chamber by said pressure.
19. The method of claim 18, said step of generating gas comprising
the step of: adjusting an amount of said gas depending on an amount
of said water in said water chamber.
20. The method of claim 18 further comprising the step of: at least
one of reducing and terminating supply of said gas to at least one
of said pressure-driving chamber and said water chamber when an
amount of said water in said water chamber falls below a preset
value.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention generally relates to various water
guns arranged to eject water by gas pressure. More particularly,
the present invention relates to a water gun with a water chamber
and a reaction chamber, where the water chamber receives and stores
water therein and where a reaction chamber is in fluid
communication with the water chamber, receives a reactant for
generating gas by a chemical reaction, to hold the gas, and to
supply such gas directly or indirectly to the water chamber so that
the gas may increase pressure inside the water chamber and dispense
the water through an outlet of the water guns on user commands by a
pressure difference generated by the gas between an interior of
such a water chamber and atmosphere. The present invention further
relates to various methods of ejecting water using water guns by
gas pressure. More particularly, a method of such an invention
includes the steps of receiving and storing water in a water
chamber, generating gas by at least one chemical reaction, and
ejecting the water by the gas. The water guns of this invention may
include other sources of pressure such as, e.g., conventional
manual nozzles and/or hand air pumps. In addition, the foregoing
reaction chamber may be retrofit to conventional water guns.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Water guns have been popular toys for young children as well
as juveniles during the summer. Users may manually squeeze triggers
or nozzle handles of conventional water guns to eject or spray
water stored in their water chambers. Upon finishing ejection of a
preset amount of water which may generally be determined by a
stroke volume of the nozzle, the triggers or handles are
reciprocated by recoil mechanisms for a next cycle of ejection.
Despite their simple configuration and operation, these
conventional water guns suffer from a few drawbacks. For example,
the users may eject water only while squeezing the triggers or
handles. When the triggers reach ends of their reciprocating path,
the users have to let go the triggers such that the triggers return
to their initial position and the nozzles are refilled with water.
Because it is impossible to eject water during these refilling
periods, these water guns only allow intermittent ejection of
water. In addition, linear velocities or flow rates of streams of
ejected water of such water guns are generally user dependent.
Accordingly, the users have only to squeeze the triggers or handles
forcefully to obtain satisfactory results, which may easily tire
fingers of the users.
[0003] Water guns are now equipped with air pumps. Users manually
reciprocate handles of the air pumps to generate compressed air and
increase pressure in water chambers of such water guns by supplying
the compressed air thereto. Pressure difference or gradient
generated between the water chambers and atmosphere allow the users
to eject or spray water, simply by squeezing or pressing triggers
which drive water through water outlets by the pressure difference.
For example, FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a prior art water
gun which includes a hand air pump for compressing air and ejecting
water out of a water chamber by air pressure. A water gun 10
includes a water chamber 20 and an air pump 30. The water chamber
20 has a water outlet 21 and a conduit 22 between which a control
valve 23 is disposed, where a trigger is operatively coupled to the
control valve 23 such that squeezing the trigger opens the valve
23, while releasing such closes the valve 23. The air pump 30
includes a handle 31 connected to a piston 32 which in turn
includes an opening 33 in which one-way valve 34 is disposed such
that air inside the pump 30 is compressed as the user pushes the
piston 32 into the pump 30, while air flows into the pump 30 as the
user (or an elastic unit which is not shown in the figure) pulls
the piston 32 away from the pump 30 (or to its original biased
position). An exemplary one-way valve 34 shown in FIG. 1A includes
a flap 34A which is arranged to open and close about a pivot 34B.
Compressed air flows from the pump 30 to the water chamber 20
through conduits 36, 38 between which an additional control valve
(or one-way valve) 37 may be disposed. FIG. 1B shows a schematic
diagram of another prior art water gun including a hand air pump
which is similar to that of FIG. 1A and an air chamber for storing
compressed air. A water gun 10 includes a water chamber 20 and an
air pump 30 which are similar to those of FIG. 1A. An air chamber
40 is disposed between the air pump 30 and water chamber 20, and
connected thereto by conduits 36, 38, 41, 42 between which one or
more control valves (or one-way valves) 37, 43 may be disposed. A
trigger is also operatively coupled to one of the valves 37, 43 so
that squeezing and releasing the trigger opens and closes the valve
to eject and stop water, respectively. FIG. 1C shows a schematic
diagram of yet another prior art water gun with a hand air pump
similar to that of FIG. 1A and a pair of water chamber-air chamber
assemblies. For example, a water gun 10 includes a first assembly
of a first water chamber 20A and a first air chamber 40A as well as
a second assembly of a second water chamber 20B and a second air
chamber 40B, in which each chamber of the first and second
assemblies is connected to adjacent chambers by various conduits
36A, 38A, 41A, 42A, 36B, 38B, 41B, 42B between which one or more
control or one-way valves 37A, 43A, 37B, 43B may also be disposed.
Each of such first and second assemblies also include a separate
trigger which is in turn operatively coupled to one of such valves
37A, 43A, 37B, 43B. The water gun 10 also includes an air pump 30
similar to those of FIGS. 1A and 1B and arranged to supply
compressed air to both air chambers 40A, 40B. By manipulating a
proper trigger(s), the user may eject water from one or both water
outlets 21A, 21B.
[0004] Although these air-powered water guns may allow the users to
eject water continuously and may not easily tire the users, they
have their own drawbacks. For example, air is highly compressible
and, therefore, the users have to reciprocate the handles of the
air pumps many times or more so as to generate compressed air
enough to eject continuous streams of water which may last only a
short period such as, e.g., 10 seconds or so. Although such water
guns may continuously eject water, the pressure inside its water
chamber also decreases gradually roughly in proportion with an
amount of water ejected therefrom. Furthermore, the air-powered
water guns still require the users to consume a significant amount
of energy by pumping air thereinto.
[0005] Therefore, there is a need for water guns which may eject
water continuously or intermittently without requiring significant
work of the users and may eject water at relatively uniform
velocities or flow rates over time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention generally relates to various water
guns arranged to eject water by gas pressure. More particularly,
the present invention relates to water guns capable of generating
gas by a chemical reaction(s) and utilizing pressure of such gas to
eject water from water chambers of such water guns.
[0007] In one aspect of the present invention, a gas-powered water
gun is provided for dispensing water through at least one water
outlet on an user command by a pressure difference developed by gas
between an interior of the water gun and atmosphere. In one
exemplary embodiment, the water gun may include at least one water
chamber which is arranged to receive water, to store the water
therein, to receive at least one reactant capable of generating the
gas through at least one chemical reaction and developing the
pressure difference, to have an airtight configuration to prevent
leakage of the gas (or to minimize loss of the gas) therefrom (or
to maintain the pressure difference therein), and then to dispense
the water through the water outlet by the gas on the user command.
In another exemplary embodiment, the water gun may include at least
one water chamber including at least one water inlet and at least
one reactant inlet each of which is arranged to receive water and
at least one reactant therethrough, respectively. Such a reactant
is arranged to generate the gas through at least one chemical
reaction and to develop the above pressure difference. The water
chamber is arranged to have an airtight configuration to prevent
leakage of the gas or to minimize loss of the gas therefrom (or to
maintain the pressure difference therein), and to dispense the
water through the water outlet by the gas on the user command. In
another exemplary embodiment, the water gun includes at least one
water chamber and at least one reaction chamber. The water chamber
is arranged to receive water and to store the water therein,
whereas the reaction chamber is arranged to be in fluid
communication with the water chamber, to receive at least one
reactant which is arranged to generate the gas by at least one
chemical reaction, and to supply the gas either directly or
indirectly to the water chamber to dispense the water through the
water outlet by the gas on the user command. In another exemplary
embodiment, the water gun includes at least one water chamber, at
least one reaction chamber, and at least one gas chamber. The water
chamber is similarly arranged to receive water and to store the
water therein, and the reaction chamber is also arranged to be in
fluid communication with the water chamber, to receive at least one
reactant arranged to generate the gas through at least one chemical
reaction, and to supply the gas either directly or indirectly to
the water chamber to dispense the water through the water outlet by
the gas on the user command. The gas chamber is generally arranged
to be in fluid communication with the reaction chamber, to receive
at least a portion of the gas from the reaction chamber when
pressure in the reaction chamber exceeds pressure in the gas
chamber, and then to supply the portion of the gas to the water
chamber when pressure in the water chamber falls below the pressure
in the gas chamber.
[0008] The foregoing gas-powered water guns may include various
reactant chambers for supplying reactants to various chambers
thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, the water gun includes at
least one water chamber and at least one reactant chamber. Such a
water chamber is arranged to receive water, to store the water
therein, to receive at least one reactant capable of generating the
gas by at least one chemical reaction and developing the pressure
difference, to have an airtight configuration to prevent leakage of
the gas (or to minimize loss of such gas) therefrom (or to maintain
the pressure difference therein), and to dispense the water through
the water outlet on the user command by such gas. The reactant
chamber is arranged to couple with the water chamber, to store
multiple doses of the reactant(s), and to supply each (or at least
one) dose of such reactant(s) to the water chamber. In another
exemplary embodiment, such a water gun includes at least one water
chamber and at least one reactant chamber. The water chamber
includes at least one water inlet and at least one reactant inlet
each arranged to receive water and at least one reactant
therethrough, respectively, into such a water chamber. The reactant
is arranged to generate the gas through at least one chemical
reaction and to develop the pressure difference. The water chamber
is further arranged to have an airtight configuration to prevent
leakage of the gas (or to minimize loss of the gas) therefrom (or
to maintain the pressure difference therein) and to dispense the
water through the water outlet by the gas on the use command. The
reactant chamber is arranged to couple with the water chamber, to
store multiple doses of the reactant, and to supply each (or at
least one) dose of the reactant to the water chamber. In another
exemplary embodiment, such a water gun may include at least one
water chamber, at least one reaction chamber, and at least one
reactant chamber. The water chamber is similarly arranged to
receive water and to store the water therein. The reaction chamber
is typically arranged to be in fluid communication with the water
chamber, to receive at least one reactant arranged to generate the
gas through at least one chemical reaction, and to supply the gas
either directly or indirectly to the water chamber so as to
dispense the water through the water outlet by the gas on the user
command. The reactant chamber is arranged to be coupled to the
reaction chamber, to store multiple doses of such a reactant(s),
and to supply the reaction chamber with each (or at least one) dose
of the reactant(s). In another exemplary embodiment, the water gun
also includes at least one water chamber, at least one reaction
chamber, at least one gas chamber, and at least one reactant
chamber. The water chamber is arranged to receive water and to
store the water therein, while the reaction chamber is arranged to
be in fluid communication with the water chamber, to receive at
least one reactant which is arranged to generate the gas through at
least one chemical reaction, and to supply the gas either
indirectly or indirectly to the water chamber in order to dispense
the water through the water outlet by the gas on the user command.
The gas chamber is arranged to be in fluid communication with the
above reaction chamber, to receive at least a portion of the gas
from the reaction chamber when pressure in such a reaction chamber
exceeds pressure of the gas chamber, and then to supply the portion
of the gas to the water chamber as pressure in the water chamber
falls below the pressure of the gas chamber. The reactant chamber
is arranged to couple with the reaction chamber, to store multiple
doses of the reactant(s), and to supply the reaction chamber with
each (or at least one) dose of such reactant(s).
[0009] Embodiments of this aspect of the invention may include one
or more of the following features.
[0010] The chambers of the above water gun may be arranged to have
various shapes and/or sizes. Each chamber may be provided in a
single or multiple arrangements and disposed in almost any part of
the water gun. The water gun may include an optional hand air pump
arranged to manually compress air and to utilize such along with
the gas to dispense the water out of the water gun. Such a hand air
pump may be arranged in parallel with the reaction chamber and/or
gas chamber or, in the alternative, in series with the reaction
chamber and/or gas chamber, e.g., in its upstream and/or
downstream. In addition, the trigger of the water gun may also be
operatively coupled to the water chamber, reaction chamber, and/or
gas chamber so that the user command may be delivered to such
chamber(s). The water gun may include at least one press-regulating
valve and/or one-way valve in order to prevent or minimize loss of
gas or pressure thereof during delivering such gas between the
chambers. Such chambers may be arranged to perform their operations
either manually, e.g., on the user command, or automatically. One
or more of such chambers may include a safety valve so as to
prevent excessive pressure buildup therein. The water gun may
include multiple reaction, gas, and/or reactant chambers which are
arranged in a parallel and/or series configuration and which may
have identical or different shapes and/or sizes. Filters may be
incorporated in an upstream or downstream of such chambers to
prevent undesirable solid particles or gels from dogging the water
outlet. The water gun may include a control unit which may control
operations of various chambers, e.g., by monitoring pressures in
any of such chambers, a water level in the water chamber, a
reactant level in the reaction chamber and/or reactant chamber,
temperatures in any of such chambers, and the like, by supplying
the water and/or gas to different chambers, by generating various
alarm signals to inform the user, e.g., of refilling the reactant
and/or water, discharging the byproducts, and the like.
[0011] In another aspect of the present invention, a reaction
chamber is provided to generate gas for a gas-powered water gun for
dispensing water from a water chamber through a water outlet on an
user command by a pressure difference developed by the gas between
an interior of the water gun and atmosphere. In one exemplary
embodiment, such a reaction chamber may include a body, at least
one reactant inlet, and at least one gas outlet. The body is
preferably made to be airtight such that air or gas does not flow
thereinto or therefrom except designated conduits, e.g., various
inlets or outlets. The reactant inlet is formed on or through the
body and arranged to receive therethrough at least one reactant
arranged to generate the gas by at least one chemical reaction. The
gas outlet is defined on or through the body and arranged to supply
therethrough such gas to the interior of the water gun to generate
the pressure difference. In another exemplary embodiment, the
reaction chamber includes a similar airtight body, at least one
reactant inlet, and at least one gas outlet. The reactant inlet is
formed on the body and arranged to operate between an open position
and a closed position so that the inlet is open to an exterior of
the water gun and closed to the body in the open position to be
loaded with at least one reactant arranged to generate the gas by
at least one chemical reaction and that the inlet is closed to the
exterior of the water gun and open to the body in the closed
position so as to transport the reactant into the body while
preventing or minimizing loss of the gas from the body to the
exterior of the water gun. The gas outlet is formed on the body and
arranged to supply therethrough the gas to the interior of the
water gun in order to generate the pressure difference. In yet
another exemplary embodiment, the reaction chamber includes a
similar airtight body, at least one reactant inlet, at least one
gas outlet, and at least one water inlet. The reactant inlet is
defined on the body and arranged to receive therethrough at least
one reactant arranged to generate the gas through at least one
chemical reaction into such a body. The gas outlet is formed on the
body and arranged to supply therethrough the gas to the interior of
the water gun to generate the pressure difference. The water inlet
is formed on the body and arranged to receive therethrough water
which may be required as a reactant or as a medium for the
foregoing chemical reaction. In another exemplary embodiment, the
reaction chamber may include a similar airtight body, at least one
reactant inlet, at least one gas outlet, and at least one discharge
outlet. The reactant inlet is also formed on the body and arranged
to receive therethrough at least one reactant which is arranged to
generate the gas by at least one chemical reaction into the body.
The gas outlet is also defined on the body and arranged to supply
therethrough the gas to the interior of the water gun to generate
the pressure difference. The discharge outlet is also formed on the
body and arranged to discharge therethrough at least one byproduct
and/or undesirable material formed by the chemical reaction.
[0012] Embodiments of this aspect of the invention may include one
or more of the following features.
[0013] The foregoing reaction chamber may be arranged to have
various shapes and/or sizes, to be provided in any number, and to
be disposed in almost any location of the water gun. When the water
gun includes an optional hand air pump, the reaction chamber may be
disposed in parallel with the air pump or to be in series with the
air pump by being disposed in the upstream or downstream of the air
pump. The trigger of the water gun may be operatively coupled to
the reaction chamber such that the water gun dispenses water as the
user sends the user command to the reaction chamber. The one-way
valve and/or pressure-regulating valve may be incorporated into the
reaction chamber to prevent or minimize loss of gas or gas pressure
therefrom. The reaction chamber may be arranged to perform
operations either manually on the user command or automatically.
Examples of such operations may include, but not be limited to,
when to generate the gas, when to supply such gas to any of the
above chambers, when to reload the reactants to the reaction
chamber, and the like. The safety valve may also be incorporated
into the reaction chamber to prevent excessive pressure buildup.
When multiple reaction chambers are incorporated, they may be
arranged in a parallel or series configuration or may have the same
or different shapes and/or sizes. In addition, a filter may be
disposed in the upstream or downstream of the reaction chamber to
prevent solid particles from leaving reaction chamber and clogging
the water outlet of the water gun. The reaction chamber may include
at least one sensor for monitoring a water level in the water
chamber and stopping gas supply thereto when the water level is
below a preset level or when no water remains therein. When the
reactant requires water for the gas-generating chemical reaction as
one of the reactants or as a medium the, water may be supplied from
the water chamber either manually or automatically or, in the
alternative, from an external water source. The gas generated in
the reaction chamber may be delivered to the interior of the water
gun examples of which may include, but not be limited to, the
foregoing water chamber, reaction chamber, gas chamber, and the
like.
[0014] In another aspect of the present invention, a reactant
chamber is provided to store at least one reactant capable of
generating gas by at least one chemical reaction and to supply the
reactant to at least one gas-generating chamber of a water gun for
dispensing water through a water outlet by the gas on an user
command through a pressure difference developed by the gas between
an interior of the water gun and atmosphere. In one exemplary
embodiment, the reactant chamber includes a body arranged to store
multiple doses of the reactant, and at least one loading unit
coupled to such a body and arranged to transport at least one dose
of the reactant from the body of the reactant chamber to the
gas-generating chamber. In another exemplary embodiment, the
reactant chamber may include a similar body as well as at least one
loading unit coupled to the body and arranged to transport at least
one dose of the reactant from the body of the reactant chamber to
the gas-generating chamber. The loading unit is arranged to operate
between an open position and a closed position so that the loading
unit is closed to the gas-generating chamber and open to an
exterior of the water gun in such an open position to prevent
leakage of the gas therefrom while loading the reactant into the
reactant chamber, and that the loading unit is open to the
gas-generating chamber and closed to the exterior of the water gun
in the closed position to prevent or at least minimize loss of the
gas therefrom while transporting or loading the dose of the
reactant to the gas-generating chamber. In another exemplary
embodiment, the reactant chamber includes a body and at least one
loading unit. Such a body is arranged to store multiple doses of
different reactants which are arranged to react with each other and
to generate the gas through at least one chemical reaction. The
loading unit is arranged to couple with the body and to transport
each (or at least one) dose of each of the reactants in a preset
ratio from the body to the gas-generating chamber.
[0015] Embodiments of this aspect of the invention may include one
or more of the following features.
[0016] Such a reactant chamber may be arranged to have any shapes
and/or sizes, to be provided in any number, and to be disposed in
any location of the water gun. The reactant chamber may perform its
operations manually on the user command or automatically, where
examples of the operations may include, but not be limited to,
loading the reactant into the reactant chamber, transporting the
reactant into the gas-generating chamber, and so on. In addition,
such loading and transporting operations may be operatively coupled
so that, when the reactant is transported into the gas-generating
chamber, the same or similar number or amount of such a reactant is
loaded to the reactant chamber. When multiple reactant chambers are
used, they may be arranged in a parallel or series configuration,
and they may have the identical configuration or different
configurations. The reactant chamber may include various actuators
arranged to transport the reactant to the gas-generating chamber,
where examples of such actuators may include, but not be limited
to, conventional dispenser for reactant pellets and/or solution,
conventional solid transport mechanisms for reactant powder, and so
on. The reactant chamber may also include various handles to
activate the actuators. In addition, such handles and/or actuators
may include recoil mechanisms so that the handles and/or actuators
may be moved to their initial positions after such loading and/or
transporting. The reactant chamber may also include retainers
shaped and sized to retain the reactant and/or a container thereof.
The reactant chamber may also be arranged to supply the reactant to
the gas-generating chamber which may be the above reaction chamber,
water chamber, gas chamber, and the like.
[0017] In another aspect of the present invention, a gas chamber is
provided to store gas generated by at least one reactant by its
chemical reaction and to supply such gas to at least one
gas-generating chamber of a water gun arranged to dispense water
through a water outlet on an user command by a pressure difference
developed by such gas between an interior of the water gun and
atmosphere. In one exemplary embodiment, such gas chamber may
include a body, at least one gas inlet, and at least one gas
outlet. The body of such a gas chamber is preferably arranged to be
airtight to prevent loss of the gas or its pressure. The gas inlet
is defined on the body and to transport the gas into the body
therethrough, while the gas outlet is defined on the body and to
transport the gas to the interior of the water gun to generate the
foregoing pressure difference. In another exemplary embodiment, the
gas chamber includes a body, at least one gas inlet, and at least
one gas outlet. The body is arranged to be airtight and to change
its volume in proportion to an amount of the gas stored therein.
The gas inlet is arranged to be defined on the body and to
transport such gas into the body therethrough, while the gas outlet
is arranged to be defined on the body and to transport such gas to
the interior of the water gun to generate the pressure
difference.
[0018] Embodiments of this aspect of the invention may include one
or more of the following features.
[0019] Such a gas chamber may be arranged to have any shapes and/or
sizes, to be provided in any number, and to be disposed in any
location of the water gun. When the water gun includes a hand air
pump, the gas chamber may be arranged to be in parallel with the
air pump or in series with the pump by being placed in its upstream
or downstream to perform its operations therewith. The trigger of
the water gun may be operatively coupled to the gas chamber such
that the user command is delivered to the gas chamber. The gas
chamber may also be arranged to perform various operations manually
on the user command or automatically, where examples of the
operations may include, but not be limited to, storing such gas
therein, supplying the gas to the interior of the water gun which
may be another chamber of the water gun operatively associated with
dispensing water out of the water gun, and the like. When multiple
gas chambers are used, they may be arranged in a parallel or series
configuration, and they may have the identical or different
configurations. At least one pressure-regulating valve or one-way
valve may be incorporated in the upstream, in the downstream or
inside the gas chamber to prevent or minimize loss of such gas
and/or gas pressure from the gas chamber. At least one safety valve
may also be to prevent excessive pressure buildup inside the gas
chamber. In addition, a filter may be incorporated thereto to
prevent solid particles or gels from leaving gas chamber and
clogging the water outlet of the water gun. The gas chamber may
include at least one sensor for monitoring a water level in the
water chamber and stopping the gas supply thereto when the water
level is low or there is no sufficient water in the water chamber.
The gas chamber may be made elastic, i.e., made of an elastic
material or, in the alternative, made of a non- or semi-elastic
material but arranged to have an elastic configuration. Such an
elastic gas chamber may be arranged to indicate a pressure and/or
volume therein. The gas chamber may also be arranged to directly or
indirectly supply the gas to the the interior of the water gun
which may be the above water chamber, reaction chamber, and the
like.
[0020] In another aspect of the present invention, various
reactants are provided to generate the gas through at least one
chemical reaction for a gas-powered water gun to dispense water
from a water chamber through a water outlet by a pressure
difference developed by the gas between an interior of the water
gun and atmosphere. In one exemplary embodiment, the reactant may
include at least one chemical compound arranged to be formed as a
pellet, powder, and/or its solution and to generate the gas by at
least one chemical reaction. In another exemplary embodiment, the
reactant may include at least one compound arranged to be formed as
a pellet, powder, and/or its solution and to generate the gas by at
least one chemical reaction when the reactant is dissolved or mixed
with water. In another exemplary embodiment, such a reactant may
include at least one compound arranged to be formed as a pellet,
powder, and/or its solution and to generate the gas by at least one
chemical reaction as well as at least one external layer arranged
to enclose at least a substantial part of such a reactant pellet,
powder, and/or its solution. In another exemplary embodiment, the
reactant may also include at least one compound arranged to be
encapsulated (or microencapsulated) to have a preset solubility and
to generate the gas by the chemical reaction at a reaction rate
which is at least partly determined by the solubility. In another
exemplary embodiment, the reactant may include multiple compounds
arranged to be formed as a pellet, powder, and/or their solution
and to generate the gas by at least one chemical reaction. In
another exemplary embodiment, the reactant may include multiple
compounds arranged to be formed as a pellet, powder, and/or their
solution and to generate the gas by at least one chemical reaction
when mixed together, and at least one divider arranged to be
disposed between at least two of the compounds to segregate at
least two of such compounds and to prevent at least two of such
compounds from contacting each other. In another exemplary
embodiment, the reactant may include multiple compounds arranged to
be formed as a pellet, powder, and/or their solution and to
generate the gas through at least one chemical reaction, and at
least one external layer arranged to enclose at least a substantial
portion of at least one of such compounds. In another exemplary
embodiment, the reactant may also include multiple compounds
arranged to be formed as a pellet, powder, and/or their solution,
where at least one of the compounds is arranged to be encapsulated
(or microencapsulated) to exhibit a preset solubility and where
such compounds are arranged to generate the gas by at least one
chemical reaction at a reaction rate which is at least partly
determined by such a solubility.
[0021] Embodiments of this aspect of the invention may include one
or more of the following features.
[0022] The reactant may be shaped and/or sized in any
configurations as long as it may generate the gas in the
gas-generating chamber. Thus, such a reactant may be formed as a
pellet, powder, and/or solution thereof. The reactant may also be
arranged to generate such as when a single reactant may be disposed
in the gas-generating chamber when, e.g., exposed to air, mixed
with water or a medium, shaken, disposed above a preset temperature
and/or pressure, and so on. Multiple reactants may be arranged to
generate such gas, e.g., when multiple reactants are mixed
together, when at least one of the reactants is exposed to air,
when at least one reactant is mixed with water or another medium,
when shaken, when such reactants are disposed above a preset
pressure and/or temperature, and the like. Reactant pellets may
further be structured to facilitate dissolution in water or another
medium by, e.g., forming apertures, having a porous structure such
as those of granules and/or loosely bound chunks, providing
protrusions or indentations thereto to increase their surface
areas, and so on. The reactant may be capsuled and/or
microcapsuled. For example, such reactant pellets may be coated,
encapsuled, and/or microencapsulated, particles of reactant powder
may be coated, capsuled, and/or microencapsulated, reactant
solution may be stored in capsules and/or other containers, and the
like. The reactant pellets and/or capsules may include multiple
chemical compounds segregated in different regions thereof. For
example, layers of the compounds may be horizontally, vertically,
and/or radially arranged. Alternatively, each layer may be arranged
to include multiple compounds.
[0023] In another aspect, a method is provided for dispensing water
from a gas-powered water gun. In one exemplary embodiment, such a
method may include the steps of generating gas through at least one
chemical reaction, increasing pressure of an interior of the water
gun by the gas, and dispensing the water from the water gun by the
gas pressure. In another exemplary embodiment, such a method
includes the steps of storing water in the water gun, generating
gas by at least one chemical reaction, increasing pressure in a
pressure-driving chamber of the water gun by the gas, developing
pressure difference between the pressure-driving chamber and
atmosphere, and dispensing the water from the water gun by the
pressure difference.
[0024] Embodiments of this aspect of the invention may include one
or more of the following features.
[0025] The foregoing chambers may serve for various purposes. For
example, the water chamber or another separate chamber may be used
as the gas-generating chamber, whereas the water chamber or another
chamber and/or conduit in fluid communication with the water
chamber or its water may be used as the pressure-driving chamber.
Excessive pressure buildup in any of the foregoing chambers may be
avoided by incorporating a safety valve thereto.
[0026] In another aspect, a method is provided for dispensing water
from a gas-powered water gun which includes a water chamber for
storing water therein, a gas-generating chamber for generating gas,
and a pressure-driving chamber to drive water out of the water
chamber by the gas or pressure thereof. In one exemplary
embodiment, the method includes the steps of storing water in the
water chamber, generating gas by at least one chemical reaction in
the gas-generating chamber, increasing pressure in the
pressure-driving chamber by the gas, and then dispensing the water
from the water chamber by such pressure. In another exemplary
embodiment, such a method may include the steps of storing water in
the water chamber, providing at least one reactant to the
gas-generating chamber, generating gas by at least one chemical
reaction of the reactant, increasing pressure in the
pressure-driving chamber by the gas, developing pressure difference
between the pressure-driving chamber and atmosphere, and dispensing
the water from the water chamber by such pressure difference.
[0027] Embodiments of this aspect of the invention may include one
or more of the following features.
[0028] The foregoing chambers may serve for various purposes. For
example, the water chamber or another separate chamber may be used
as the gas-generating chamber, whereas the water chamber or another
chamber and/or conduit in fluid communication with the water
chamber or its water may be used as the pressure-driving chamber.
Excessive pressure buildup in any of the foregoing chambers may be
avoided by incorporating a safety valve thereto. When the water gun
includes an optional air pump, the gas-generating chamber and/or
pressure-driving chamber may be arranged in parallel with such a
pump or in series with (e.g., in its upstream or downstream) the
pump.
[0029] In another aspect, a method is provided for generating gas
by at least one chemical reaction to dispense water from a
gas-powered water gun. In one exemplary embodiment, the method
includes the steps of providing at least one reactant in a
gas-generating chamber of the water gun, generating the gas through
at least one chemical reaction of the reactant, and then dispensing
the water from the water gun by the gas. In another exemplary
embodiment, the method includes the steps of providing multiple
reactants in a gas-generating chamber of the water gun, mixing or
contacting the reactants in the gas-generating chamber, generating
the gas by at least one chemical reaction between or among such
reactants, and dispensing the water from the water gun by the gas
or its pressure. In another exemplary embodiment, the method may
include the steps of providing multiple reactants, loading the
reactants in a preset ratio in a gas-generating chamber of the
water gun, mixing such reactants in the gas-generating chamber,
generating the gas by at least one chemical reaction among or
between the reactants, and then dispensing the water out of the
water gun by the gas or its pressure. In another exemplary
embodiment, the method may include the steps of providing at least
one reactant in a gas-generating chamber of the water gun, adding
water into the gas-generating chamber, dissolving the reactant in
the water to obtain dissolved molecules of the reactant, generating
the gas by at least one chemical reaction between or among the
dissolved molecules, and then dispensing the water from the water
gun by the gas. In another exemplary embodiment, the method
includes the steps of providing at least one reactant to a
gas-generating chamber of the water gun, providing water into such
a gas-generating chamber, generating the gas by at least one
chemical reaction between the reactant and water, and dispensing
the water from the water gun by the gas.
[0030] In yet another exemplary embodiment, the method includes the
steps of providing at least one reactant to a gas-generating
chamber of the water gun, generating the gas by at least one
chemical reaction of the reactant, arranging the gas-generating
chamber to be airtight, adjusting or controlling an extent of the
reaction by controlling a pressure, temperature, and/or
concentration of the reactant in the gas-generating chamber,
controlling pressure in the gas-generating chamber by the extent of
the reaction, and dispensing the water from the water gun by the
gas. In another embodiment, such a method includes the steps of
providing at least one reactant in a gas-generating chamber of the
water gun, generating the gas by at least one chemical reaction of
the reactant, monitoring a water level of a water chamber of the
water gun, supplying the gas to a pressure-driving chamber of the
water gun in order to dispense the water from the water gun by the
gas, and terminating supply of the gas to such a pressure-driving
chamber when the water level of the water chamber falls below a
preset level. In another exemplary embodiment, the method includes
the steps of providing at least one reactant to a gas-generating
chamber of the water gun, generating the gas through at least one
chemical reaction of the reactant, dispensing the water out of the
water gun by such gas, and discharging at least one byproduct from
the chemical reaction from the gas-generating chamber.
[0031] Embodiments of this aspect of the invention may include one
or more of the following features.
[0032] The gas-generating chamber is arranged to be airtight except
designated inlets and outlets so as to minimize loss of the gas
therefrom. Such a gas-generating chamber may be the foregoing water
chamber or a separate reaction chamber. When the water gun includes
an optional air pump, the gas-generating chamber may be arranged in
parallel with the air pump or in series (e.g., in its upstream or
downstream) with such a pump. Optional safety valves may be
incorporated into the water chamber, pressure-driving chamber,
and/or gas-generating chamber so as to avoid excessive pressure
buildup therein. When the chemical reaction requires water for
generating the gas, water may be provided by the water chamber or
an external water source into the gas-generating chamber. When the
chemical reaction produces unfavorable byproducts, they may be
discharged from the gas-generating chamber manually, when
concentration and/or volume of such byproducts exceeds a preset
level, whenever a reactant is loaded into the gas-generating
chamber, and so on. The gas-generating chamber may also be arranged
to terminate supplying the gas to the water chamber, e.g., as the
water chamber is low in water or has no water therein, during
refilling water to the water chamber, when a conduit leading to a
water outlet of the water gun has no water therein, and the
like.
[0033] In another aspect, a method is provided for supplying gas
generated by at least one chemical reaction to a gas-powered water
gun for dispensing water therefrom. In one exemplary embodiment,
such a method includes the steps of generating the gas in a
gas-generating chamber, storing at least a portion of the gas in a
separate gas chamber, thereby increasing a total amount of such gas
present in the water gun, and then dispensing the water from the
water gun by the gas. In another exemplary embodiment, such a
method may include the steps of generating the gas in a
gas-generating chamber, receiving and storing at least a portion of
the gas in an elastic chamber, thereby increasing an amount of the
gas available inside the water gun and minimizing (or reducing) a
temporal variation in pressure of the gas inside the water gun, and
dispensing the water from the water gun by the gas. In another
exemplary embodiment, such a method may include the steps of
arranging at least a portion of a gas-generating chamber to be made
of elastic materials or to have an elastic configuration,
generating the gas in the gas-generating chamber, thereby
increasing a total amount of the gas available in the
gas-generating chamber and minimizing (or reducing) a temporal
variation in pressure of the gas in such a gas-generating chamber,
and dispensing the water from such a water gun by the gas. In yet
another exemplary embodiment, a further method includes the steps
of arranging at least a portion of a water chamber to be made of an
elastic material or to have an elastic configuration, generating
the gas in a gas-generating chamber, supplying the gas to the water
chamber, thereby increasing a volume of the water chamber according
to (or in proportion to) a total amount of the gas in the water
chamber and thereby minimizing (or reducing) a temporal variation
in pressure of the gas in the water chamber, and dispensing the
water from the water gun by the gas.
[0034] Embodiments of this aspect of the invention may include one
or more of the following features.
[0035] The elastic chamber may be arranged to be airtight except
designated inlets and outlets so that loss of the gas may be
prevented or minimized. The elastic chamber may be arranged to be
in parallel with the gas-generating chamber or, alternatively, in
series with (e.g., in its upstream or downstream) the
gas-generating chamber. When the water gun includes an optional air
pump, the elastic chamber may also be arranged to be in parallel
with the air pump or, in the alternative, in series with (e.g., in
its upstream or downstream) such a pump.
[0036] In another aspect, a method is provided for maintaining gas
pressure and for minimizing a loss thereof in a gas-powered water
gun while loading at least one reactant capable of generating gas
by at least one chemical reaction to a gas-generating chamber of
the gun. In one exemplary embodiment, the method may include the
steps of coupling a loading unit to a gas-generating chamber,
opening the loading unit to atmosphere while isolating or closing
such a gas-generating chamber from atmosphere, providing the
loading unit with the reactant, isolating or closing the loading
unit from atmosphere while opening the loading unit to the
gas-generating chamber, transporting the reactant or one dose
thereof to the gas-generating chamber, thereby minimizing loss of
the gas from the gas-generating chamber to atmosphere during the
transporting, generating the gas in the gas-generating chamber,
supplying the gas to a pressure-driving chamber, and dispensing
water from the water gun by the gas.
[0037] Embodiments of this aspect of the invention may include one
or more of the following features.
[0038] The elastic chamber may be arranged to be airtight except
designated inlets and outlets so as to minimize loss of gas and/or
its pressure therefrom. The elastic chamber may be disposed in
series with (e.g., in an upstream or downstream of the
gas-generating chamber and/or in parallel with such a chamber. When
the water gun includes an optional air pump, the elastic chamber
may be arranged in series or parallel with such an air pump.
[0039] In yet another aspect, a method is provided for maintaining
gas pressure and minimizing loss of such gas or its pressure in a
gas-powered water gun, while loading at least one reactant capable
of generating gas by at least one chemical reaction to a
gas-generating chamber of the water gun. Such a method generally
includes the steps of coupling a loading unit to a gas-generating
chamber, opening the loading unit to atmosphere, isolating the
gas-generating chamber from atmosphere, providing such a loading
unit with the reactant, isolating the loading unit from atmosphere,
opening (or communicating) the loading unit to the gas-generating
chamber, transporting such a reactant to such a gas-generating
chamber, thereby minimizing loss of the gas from the gas-generating
chamber into atmosphere during the transporting, generating the gas
in the gas-generating chamber, supplying the gas to a
pressure-driving chamber, and dispensing water from the water gun
by the gas.
[0040] As used herein, a term "gas-generating chamber" generally
refers to any chamber arranged to receive at least one reactant
capable of generating gas through at least one chemical reaction
thereof and to generate the gas through the chemical reaction
therein. Such a "gas-generating chamber" may be provided as a
separate chamber or, alternatively, other chambers may be arranged
to serve as the "gas-generating chamber" as well. A gas-powered
water gun of the present invention may include a single or multiple
"gas-generating chambers" depending upon detailed configuration
thereof. It is noted that a term "reaction chamber" is
interchangeably used with the "gas-generating chamber" throughout
this description unless otherwise specified.
[0041] A "pressure-driving chamber" generally refers to any chamber
of which the pressure may be increased by gas generated by the
above reactant through the chemical reaction. Similar to the
gas-generating chamber, such a "pressure-driving chamber" may be
provided as a separate chamber or, alternatively, other chambers
may be arranged to serve as the "pressure-driving chamber" as well.
A gas-powered water gun of this invention may include a single or
multiple "pressure-driving chambers" depending upon detailed
configuration thereof. It is noted that the "pressure-driving
chamber" may or may not be a chamber from which water is dispensed
by the pressure thereof.
[0042] As used herein, a "conduit" refers to a path, pathway or
passageway for gases and liquids. Accordingly, a "conduit" may have
any internal and/or external shape and/or size as long as it allows
such gases and liquids to flow from one to the other end
thereof.
[0043] In addition, a term "elastic chamber" means either a chamber
which is made of and/or includes an elastic material or a chamber
which is not made of and/or includes elastic materials but which
may exhibit elastic behavior due to its configurational
characteristics.
[0044] Unless otherwise defined in the following specification, all
technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as
commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which
the present invention belongs. Although the methods or materials
equivalent or similar to those described herein can be used in the
practice or in the testing of the present invention, the suitable
methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent
applications, patents, and/or other references mentioned herein are
incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of any
conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will
control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are
illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
[0045] Other features and advantages of the present invention will
be apparent from the following detailed description, and from the
claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0046] FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a prior art water gun with
a hand air pump for compressing air and for ejecting water out of a
water chamber by air pressure;
[0047] FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of another prior art water
gun including a hand air pump similar to that of FIG. 1A and an air
chamber for storing compressed air,
[0048] FIG. 1C is a schematic diagram of yet another prior art
water gun with a hand air pump similar to that of FIG. 1A and a
pair of water chamber-air chamber assemblies;
[0049] FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
with a water chamber for receiving reactants and generating gas
therein according to the present invention;
[0050] FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
similar to that of FIG. 2A and having a separate reactant chamber
for storing reactants and providing such to a water chamber to
generate gas therein according to the present invention;
[0051] FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
having a water chamber for storing water and a separate reaction
chamber for receiving reactants and generating gas therein
according to the present invention;
[0052] FIG. 2D is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
similar to that of FIG. 2C and having a separate reactant chamber
for storing reactants and supplying such to the reaction chamber so
as to generate gas therein according to the present invention;
[0053] FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
with a water chamber for receiving reactants and generating gas
therein and a separate gas chamber for storing the gas according to
the present invention;
[0054] FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
having a water chamber for storing water and a separate gas chamber
for receiving reactants, generating gas therein, and storing such
gas therein according to the present invention;
[0055] FIG. 3C is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
similar to that of FIG. 3A and having a separate reactant chamber
for storing reactants and supplying such to the water chamber so as
to generate gas therein according to the present invention;
[0056] FIG. 3D is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
similar to that of FIG. 3B and having a separate reactant chamber
for storing reactants and supplying such to the gas chamber in
order to generate gas therein according to the present
invention;
[0057] FIG. 3E is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
having a water chamber for storing water, a separate reaction
chamber for receiving reactants and generating gas as well as a
separate gas chamber for storing gas therein according to the
present invention;
[0058] FIG. 3F is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
similar to that of FIG. 3E and having a separate reactant chamber
for storing reactants and supplying such to the reaction chamber so
as to generate gas therein according to the present invention;
[0059] FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary
gas-generating reactant pellet which includes two longitudinally
arranged reactants (or layers) according to the present
invention;
[0060] FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of an exemplary
gas-generating reactant pellet which includes three longitudinally
arranged reactants (or layers) according to the present
invention;
[0061] FIG. 4C is a schematic diagram of an exemplary
gas-generating reactant pellet which includes two longitudinally
arranged reactants (or layers) as well as an interlayer divider
placed therebetween according to the present invention;
[0062] FIG. 4D is a schematic diagram of an exemplary
gas-generating reactant pellet which includes two radially arranged
reactants (or layers) according to the present invention;
[0063] FIG. 4E is a schematic diagram of an exemplary
gas-generating reactant pellet which includes three radially
arranged reactants (or layers) according to the present
invention;
[0064] FIG. 4F is a schematic diagram of an exemplary
gas-generating reactant pellet which includes two radially arranged
reactants (or layers) and an interlayer divider placed therebetween
according to the present invention;
[0065] FIG. 4G is a schematic diagram of an exemplary
gas-generating reactant pellet similar to those of FIGS. 4A to 4C
and defining a center aperture according to the present
invention;
[0066] FIG. 4H is a schematic diagram of an exemplary
gas-generating reactant pellet similar to those of FIGS. 4D to 4F
and defining a center aperture according to the present
invention;
[0067] FIG. 4I is a schematic diagram of an exemplary reactant
pellet similar to those of FIGS. 4A to 4C and 4G and including an
exterior coated layer according to the present invention; and
[0068] FIG. 4J is a schematic diagram of an exemplary reactant
pellet similar to those of FIGS. 4D to 4F and 4H and including an
exterior coated layer according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0069] The present invention generally relates to gas-powered water
guns for dispensing water by gas obtained through a chemical
reaction inside the water guns. More particularly, such an
invention relates to a water gun having a water chamber which is
arranged to receive and store water therein, to receive a reactant
which generates gas by a chemical reaction therein, to retain the
gas, and then to dispense water out of the water gun on user
commands by pressure difference developed by the gas between the
water chamber and atmosphere. The present invention also relates to
a water gun including a water chamber and a separate gas-generating
chamber. The water chamber is arranged to receive and store water
therein, and the gas-generating chamber is arranged to receive a
reactant which generates gas by a chemical reaction therein, to
retain the gas, and to supply the gas indirectly or directly to a
pressure-driving chamber so that the gas may increase pressure
inside the pressure-driving chamber and dispense water out of the
water chamber on user commands through pressure difference
generated by the gas between such a pressure-driving chamber and
atmosphere. Such a pressure-driving chamber may be the water
chamber or a separate chamber physically distinct from the water
chamber. The present invention also relates to various methods of
dispensing water from water guns by gas pressure. More
particularly, a method of such an invention includes the steps of
receiving and storing water in a water chamber, generating gas by
at least one chemical reaction, and dispensing water by pressure
generated by such gas.
[0070] Gas-powered water guns of the present invention may be
constructed according to various embodiments. Each of such water
guns generally includes at least one water chamber to store water
therein, at least one gas-generating chamber or reaction chamber to
generate at least one type of gas therein through at least one
chemical reaction, and at least one pressure-driving chamber to
increase its internal pressure by the gas and to dispense water
therefrom or from the water chamber. Though such three chambers are
essential elements of the gas-powered water guns of the present
invention, the above three chambers do not have to be provided as
physically separate chambers. For example, a single water chamber
may be arranged to serve as the gas-generating chamber and the
pressure-driving chamber. Alternatively, the water gun may include
the water chamber and the gas-generating chamber (or
pressure-driving chamber) which may further serve as the
pressure-driving chamber (or gas-generating chamber). As will be
explained in greater detail below, the water guns of the present
invention may also include other optional chambers such as, e.g., a
reactant chamber for storing and transporting a reactant to the
gas-generating chamber, elastic chamber for storing the gas therein
and reducing fluctuation in gas pressure, and the like. Following
figures illustrate exemplary embodiments of various gas-powered
water guns of the present invention. It is noted, however, that
such figures and/or accompanied descriptions are intended to
illustrate and not to limit the scope of this invention.
[0071] In one aspect of the present invention, gas-powered water
guns may be provided to dispense water through their water outlets
on user commands through pressure difference developed by gas
between interiors of the water guns and atmosphere. FIGS. 2A and 2B
exemplify various water guns including water chambers which may
also serve as gas-generating and pressure-driving chambers.
[0072] FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
with a water chamber for receiving reactants and generating gas
therein according to the present invention. An exemplary water gun
11 may typically include a water chamber 20, a water inlet (not
shown in the figure), a water outlet 21, at least one conduit 22, a
control valve 23, at least one reactant inlet 52, a trigger, and so
on. The water chamber 20 is typically arranged to receive water
through the water inlet from an external source and to store water
therein. The reactant inlet 52 may be disposed over an opening 51
defined on one side of the water chamber 20 and receive
therethrough at least one reactant capable of generating gas by at
least one chemical reaction. In the exemplary embodiment shown in
FIG. 2A, the reactant inlet 52 is movably coupled over the opening
51 of the water chamber 20 to move between an open position and a
closed position about a pivot so that the water chamber 20 receives
the reactant when the reactant inlet 52 is in its open position and
that an interior of the water chamber 20 is isolated from
atmosphere when such an inlet 52 is in its closed position.
Therefore, as the reactant is fed to the water chamber 20 and
generates the gas therein, the water chamber 20 may be able to
maintain its pressure which is to increase as the chemical reaction
precedes and to develop the foregoing pressure difference. At least
one conduit 22 is disposed between the water outlet 21 and the
interior of the water chamber 20 where the water outlet 21 is
arranged to have a proper shape and/or size in order to dispense
water therethrough at a desirable speed and/or flow rate. In
addition, the control valve 23 is disposed along the conduit 22
and/or at the water outlet 21 to control flow of water through the
water outlet 21. More particularly, the trigger or switch may be
operatively coupled to the control valve 23 so that the control
valve 23 opens and closes to commence and stop dispensing water
through the water outlet 21 on an user command, respectively. It is
appreciated that the water chamber 20 is preferably arranged to be
airtight except the foregoing designated inlets and outlets to
prevent leakage of the gas therefrom and to maintain the pressure
difference with respect to atmosphere.
[0073] The water gun 11 may optionally include an air pump 30
arranged to allow the user to manually compress air. Such an air
pump 30 is generally similar to or identical to those described in
conjunction with FIGS. 1A to 1C and disposed in series with the
water chamber 20 so that compressed air may be delivered to the
water chamber 20 through a conduit 38. In order to prevent a
retrograde flow of gas from the water chamber 20 to the air pump
30, a control valve 37 such as an one-way valve may also be
disposed along the conduit 38. The control valve 37 may also be
arranged so that the compressed air is delivered to the water
chamber 20 whenever pressure of the compressed air exceeds pressure
inside the water chamber 20 or, alternatively, upon receiving the
user input or signal.
[0074] In operation, an user opens the water inlet of the water
chamber 20, fills the chamber 20 with water to a proper level, and
closes the water inlet. The user opens the reactant inlet 52,
supplies one dose of reactant to the water chamber 20, and then
closes the reactant inlet 52, thereby separating or isolating the
water chamber 20 from atmosphere. When the reactant undergoes the
chemical reaction and begins to generate gas in the water chamber
20 (i.e., the water chamber 20 serving as the gas-generation
chamber), the pressure inside the water chamber 20 also begins to
increase and pressure difference is being developed between the
interior of the water chamber 20 and the atmosphere (i.e., the
water chamber 20 serving as the pressure-driving chamber). As the
user presses, squeezes or otherwise activates the trigger, the
control valve 23 opens and water begins to be dispensed from the
water chamber 20 by the pressure gradient or difference developed
between the water chamber 20 and atmosphere. As water is dispensed
from the water chamber 20, the gas pressure in the water chamber 20
also begins to decrease in proportion with an amount of the
dispensed water, which may render the reactant(s) remaining in the
water chamber 20 undergo further chemical reaction as will be
explained in greater detail below. When the user releases the
trigger, the control valve 23 doses and the water gun 11 stops to
dispense water. As a water level in the water chamber 20 becomes
lower than a preset level, the user may refill the water chamber 20
with water. The user may also open the reactant inlet 52 and
provide more reactants to the water chamber 20 to generate more gas
inside the water chamber 20. When the water gun 11 includes the
optional air pump 30 which is coupled to the water chamber 20 in a
series configuration, the user may press the handle 31 of the air
pump 30 and compress air which is trapped therein. Depending upon
the pressure of the compressed air, the user can simultaneously
deliver the compressed air to the water chamber 20, thereby
increasing or at least maintaining the pressure inside the water
chamber 20. When the air pressure from the air pump 30 is lower
than the gas pressure inside the water chamber 20, the control
valve 38 may remain closed to prevent retrograde flow of the gas
into the air pump 30. As the user dispenses water from the water
chamber 20 and as the gas pressure falls below the air pressure,
the compressed air may then enter the water chamber 20 and
contribute to dispensing water from the water chamber 20.
[0075] FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
similar to that of FIG. 2A and having a separate reactant chamber
for storing reactants and providing such to a water chamber to
generate gas therein according to the present invention. For
example, an exemplary water gun 11 of FIG. 2B is generally similar
or identical to that shown in FIG. 2A, e.g., having a similar or
identical water chamber 20, water outlet 21, conduit 22, control
valve 23, and an optional air pump 30 including another conduit 38
and control valve 37. The water gun 11 shown in FIG. 2B, however,
includes a separate reactant chamber 50 which is operatively
coupled to the water chamber 20 in order to supply multiple doses
of reactants to the water chamber 20. Such a reactant chamber 50
generally defines an opening 51 on one side thereof and has a
reactant inlet 52 movably disposed over the opening 51 to move
between an open position and a closed position in order to receive
multiple doses of reactants therethrough in its open position and
to isolate (or separate) an interior of reactant chamber 50 from
atmosphere in its closed position. The reactant chamber 50 may form
multiple retainers each of which may be arranged to retain one dose
and/or a preset number of doses of solid or liquid reactants
therein. In addition, the reactant chamber 50 may have a loading
unit (not shown in the figure) arranged to transport one dose or a
preset number of doses of solid or liquid reactants to the water
chamber 20. Furthermore, such a reactant chamber 50 may include an
airlock 54 along a conduit connecting the reactant chamber 50 to
the water chamber 20, where the airlock 54 is arranged to operate
between a closed position and an open position, to seal the water
chamber 20 from atmosphere in its closed position, and to open or
render the water chamber 20 in fluid communication with the
reactant chamber 50 in its open position. Such an airlock 54 is
useful when the reactant inlet 52 cannot provide complete isolation
or separation of the reactant chamber 50 in its closed position.
Similar to the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the water gun 11 may
optionally include an air pump 30 and control valve 37 similar or
identical to those described in conjunction with FIG. 2A.
[0076] In operation, an user opens the water inlet of the water
chamber 20, fills the chamber 20 with water to a proper level, and
closes the water inlet. The user opens the reactant inlet 52,
supplies one dose of reactant to the reactant chamber 50, and then
closes the reactant inlet 52, thereby separating or isolating the
reactant chamber 50 from atmosphere. Thereafter, the loading unit
of such a reactant chamber 50 transports one or a preset number of
doses of reactants to the water chamber 20 either automatically or
on an user command. As the reactant undergoes the chemical reaction
and begins to generate gas in the water chamber 20 (i.e., the water
chamber 20 also serving as the gasgeneration chamber), the pressure
inside the water chamber 20 also begins to increase and pressure
difference is being developed between the interior of the water
chamber 20 and the atmosphere (i.e., the water chamber 20 serving
as the pressure-driving chamber). As the user presses, squeezes or
otherwise activates the trigger, the control valve 23 opens to
dispense water from the water chamber 20 by the pressure gradient
or pressure difference developed between the water chamber 20 and
atmosphere. As water is dispensed from the water chamber 20, the
gas pressure in the water chamber 20 begins to decrease, and the
reactant remaining in the water chamber 20 may further react to
generate more gas as will be explained in greater detail below.
When the user releases the trigger, the control valve 23 closes and
the water gun 11 stops to dispense water. As a water level in the
water chamber 20 becomes lower than a preset level, the user may
refill the water chamber 20 with water. In addition, as the
reactants in the reactant chamber 50 are consumed, the user may
also open the reactant inlet 52 and provide more reactants to the
reactant chamber 50. When the water gun 11 has the optional air
pump 30, the user may press the handle 31 of the air pump 30 and
compress air which is trapped therein. Depending upon the pressure
of the compressed air, the user can simultaneously deliver the
compressed air to the water chamber 20, thereby increasing or
maintaining the pressure in the water chamber 20. When the air
pressure from the air pump 30 is lower than the gas pressure in the
water chamber 20, the control valve 38 may remain closed to prevent
retrograde flow of the gas into the air pump 30. As the user
dispenses water from the water chamber 20 and the gas pressure
falls below the air pressure, the compressed air may enter the
water chamber 20 and dispense water from such a water chamber
20.
[0077] In another aspect of the present invention, other
gas-powered water guns may be provided to dispense water through
their water outlets on user commands by pressure differences
developed by gas between interiors of the water guns and
atmosphere. FIGS. 2C and 2D exemplify various water guns including
separate water chambers and gas-generating chambers.
[0078] FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
having a water chamber for storing water and a separate reaction
chamber for receiving reactants and generating gas therein
according to the present invention. An exemplary water gun 11 of
FIG. 2C is generally similar to that of FIG. 2A, e.g., having a
similar or identical water chamber 20, water outlet 21, conduit 22,
control valve 23, and an optional air pump 30 including an
additional conduit 38 and control valve 37. The water gun 11 of
FIG. 2C, however, includes a separate reaction (or gas-generating)
chamber 60 which is operatively in fluid communication with the
water chamber 20 to supply gas thereto. For example, such a
reaction chamber 60 is typically arranged to receive at least one
reactant capable of generating gas by at least one chemical
reaction, to initiate such a reaction of the reactant therein to
generate such gas, and to provide such gas to the water chamber 20
either directly or indirectly to increase its internal pressure.
The reaction chamber 60 generally defines an opening 61 on one side
thereof and has a reactant inlet 62 movably disposed over the
opening 61 to move between an open position and a closed position
to receive one dose or a preset doses of reactants therethrough in
its open position and then to isolate (or separate) an interior of
reaction chamber 60 from atmosphere in its closed position to
prevent loss of such gas into atmosphere. The reaction chamber 60
is coupled to the water chamber 20 through a pair of conduits 63,
64 between which a control valve 65 is disposed so as to regulate a
flow of gas therethrough. The reaction chamber 60 preferably
includes a safety valve 68 so as to purge the gas through a safety
outlet 69 into atmosphere when pressure inside the reaction chamber
60 exceeds a preset limit. Such a reaction chamber 60 may also
include a discharge valve 66 in order to discharge undesirable
reaction byproducts therefrom through a discharge outlet 67, e.g.,
when concentration of such byproducts increase over a preset level,
whenever a new dose of the reactant is provided into the reaction
chamber 60, when a volume of such byproducts exceeds a preset
level, and so on. The discharge valve 66 may be arranged to open
and close manually so as to allow the user to discharge the
reaction byproducts as well. When the water gun 11 includes an
optional air pump 30 and control valve 37 similar or identical to
those described in conjunction with FIG. 2A, the reaction chamber
60 is disposed in parallel with the air pump 30 with respect to the
water chamber 20 such that water in the water chamber 20 may be
dispensed by either or both of the gas supplied from the reaction
chamber 60 and the compressed air delivered from the air pump
30.
[0079] In operation, an user opens the water inlet of the water
chamber 20, fills the chamber 20 with water to a proper level, and
closes the water inlet. The user opens the reactant inlet 62,
supplies one dose of reactant to the reaction chamber 60, and then
closes the reactant inlet 62, thereby separating (or isolating) the
reaction chamber 60 from atmosphere. As the reactant begins the
chemical reaction and begins to generate gas in the reaction
chamber 60, the gas is delivered to the water chamber 20 at least
substantially simultaneously or as the user signal or command is
delivered to the control valve 65. Thereafter, pressure inside the
water chamber 20 begins to increase and pressure difference is
developed between the interior of the water chamber 20 and the
atmosphere (i.e., the water chamber 20 serving as the
pressure-driving chamber). As the user presses, squeezes or
otherwise activates the trigger, the control valve 23 opens to
dispense water from the water chamber 20 by the pressure gradient
or difference. As the gas is delivered to the water chamber 20, the
pressure in the reaction chamber 20 begins to decrease, and the
reactant remaining in such a reaction chamber 20 may begin to
further react to generate more gas. When the user releases the
trigger, the control valve 23 closes and the water gun 11 stops to
dispense water. When at least a substantial portion of the reactant
in the reaction chamber 60 is consumed, the user opens the reactant
inlet 62 and loads more reactants thereinto to continue generation
of such gas therein. To prevent or minimize loss of the gas inside
the water chamber 20, the control valve 65 may be closed during the
loading of the reactants so that the water chamber 20 may be
separated from the reaction chamber 60. Other operational
characteristics of the gas-powered water gun of FIG. 2C is similar
to those described in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
[0080] FIG. 2D is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
similar to that of FIG. 2C and having a separate reactant chamber
for storing reactants and supplying such to the reaction chamber so
as to generate gas therein according to the present invention. An
exemplary water gun 11 of FIG. 2D is somewhat similar to that shown
in FIG. 2B, e.g., including an identical water chamber 20, water
outlet 21, conduit 22, control valve 23, and an optional air pump
30 with another conduit 38 and control valve 37. The water gun 11
of FIG. 2D, however, includes a separate reaction (or
gas-generating) chamber 60 which is operatively disposed between
the water chamber 20 and the reactant chamber 50. Such a reaction
chamber 60 is typically arranged to receive from the reactant
chamber 50 one dose and/or a preset doses of at least one reactant
capable of generating gas by at least one chemical reaction, to
initiate such a reaction of the reactant therein to generate such
gas, and then to provide the gas to the water chamber 20 directly
or indirectly to increase its internal pressure. The reaction
chamber 60 is coupled to the water chamber 20 through a pair of
conduits 63, 64 between which a control valve 65 is disposed so as
to regulate a flow of gas therethrough. The reaction chamber 60
includes a safety valve 68 and discharge valve 66 which are
generally similar to those of FIG. 2C. When the water gun 11
includes an optional air pump 30 and control valve 37 similar to
those described in conjunction with FIGS. 2A to 2C, the reaction
chamber 60 may be disposed in parallel with the air pump 30 with
respect to the water chamber 20 such that water in the water
chamber 20 may be dispensed by either or both of the gas supplied
from the reaction chamber 60 and compressed air delivered from the
air pump 30. An optional airlock 54 may further be disposed along a
conduit between the reactant chamber 50 and water chamber 20 and
arranged to operate between a closed position and an open position
such that the airlock 54 isolates the water and reaction chambers
20, 60 from atmosphere in its closed position, and opens or renders
the reaction chamber 60 in fluid communication with the reactant
chamber 50 in its open position. Such an airlock 54 is useful when
the reactant chamber 50 cannot provide complete isolation or
separation of the reactant chamber 50 in its closed position.
Similar to the embodiments of FIGS. 2A to 2C, the water gun 11 may
optionally include an air pump 30, where the reaction chamber 60
and the air pump 30 are connected in a parallel arrangement with
respect to the water chamber 20 to provide the reaction-generated
gas and the compressed air to the water chamber 20,
respectively.
[0081] In operation, an user opens the water inlet of the water
chamber 20, fills the chamber 20 with water to a proper level, and
closes the water inlet. The user opens the reactant inlet 52,
supplies (or loads) reactants into the reactant chamber 50, and
closes the reactant inlet 52, thereby separating the reactant
chamber 50 from atmosphere. A loading unit of the reactant chamber
50 then transports one dose and/or a preset doses of reactants into
the reaction chamber 60 automatically and/or on the user signal. As
the reactant begins to react, generates gas in the reaction chamber
20 (i.e., the reaction chamber 60 is the gas-generation chamber),
and delivers the gas to the water chamber 20, pressure inside the
water chamber 20 begins to increase and pressure difference begins
to develop between the interior of the water chamber 20 and the
atmosphere (i.e., the water chamber 20 is the pressure-driving
chamber). When the user presses, squeezes or otherwise activates
the trigger, the control valve 23 opens to dispense water from the
water chamber 20 by the pressure gradient or pressure difference
developed between the water chamber 20 and atmosphere. As water is
dispensed from the water chamber 20, the gas pressure inside the
water chamber 20 begins to decrease, and such reactants remaining
in the water chamber 20 may react to generate more gas as will be
explained in greater detail below. When the user releases the
trigger, the control valve 23 closes and the water gun 11 stops
dispensing water. When a water level in the water chamber 20
becomes lower than a preset level, the user may refill the water
chamber 20 with water. In addition, as the reactants in the
reactant chamber 50 are consumed, the user opens the reactant inlet
52 and provides more reactants to the reactant chamber 50. When the
water gun 11 has the optional air pump 30, the user may press the
handle 31 of the air pump 30 and compress air trapped therein.
Depending upon the pressure of the compressed air, the user can
simultaneously deliver the compressed air to the water chamber 20,
thereby increasing or maintaining the pressure in the water chamber
20. When the air pressure from the air pump 30 becomes lower than
the gas pressure in the water chamber 20, the control valve 38 may
remain dosed to prevent retrograde flow of the gas into the air
pump 30. As the user dispenses water from the water chamber 20 and
the gas pressure falls below the air pressure, the compressed air
may enter the water chamber 20 and dispense water from such a water
chamber 20.
[0082] In another aspect of the present invention, gas-powered
water guns may further be provided to dispense water through their
water outlets on user commands through pressure difference which is
developed by gas between interiors of the water guns and atmosphere
and also to store such gas in gas storage chambers. FIGS. 3A and 3B
exemplify various water guns which include separate gas chambers
which may be provided in various arrangements.
[0083] FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
with a water chamber for receiving reactants and generating gas
therein and a separate gas chamber for storing the gas according to
the present invention. An exemplary water gun 11 shown in FIG. 3A
is generally similar to that of FIG. 2A, e.g., including a water
chamber 20 which also serves as a gas-generating chamber and a
pressure-driving chamber, a water outlet 21, a conduit 22
connecting the water chamber 20 to the water outlet 21, a control
valve 23 operatively coupled to a trigger, and an optional air pump
30 which has its own conduit 38 and control valve 37. The water gun
11 shown in FIG. 3A further includes a separate gas chamber 70
disposed between the water chamber 20 and the air pump 30. More
particularly, as the reactant is fed to the water chamber 20,
undergoes the chemical reaction, and generates gas therein, such a
gas chamber 60 is arranged to receive at least a portion of the gas
from the water chamber 20 and to store the gas therein when
pressure inside the water chamber 20 exceeds pressure inside the
gas chamber 70. When the pressure of the water chamber 20 decreases
as the water is dispensed from the water gun below the pressure
inside the gas chamber 70, the gas stored in the gas chamber 70 is
delivered into the water chamber 20, thereby increasing the
pressure inside the water chamber 20 and further dispensing water
therefrom through the water outlet 21. The user may also compress
air by the air pump 30 and supply the compressed air to the gas
chamber 70 which then delivers such to the water chamber 20 to
dispense water therefrom.
[0084] FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
having a water chamber for storing water and a separate gas chamber
for receiving reactants, generating gas therein, and storing such
gas therein according to the present invention. An exemplary water
gun 11 of FIG. 3B is similar to that shown in FIG. 3A, except that
a reactant inlet 52 is provided not in the water chamber 20 but
rather in the gas chamber 70. Therefore, according to this
embodiment, the gas chamber 70 serves as a gas-generating chamber,
while the water-chamber operates as a pressure-driving chamber. For
example, as the reactant is supplied to the gas chamber 70 through
its reactant inlet 52, undergoes the chemical reaction, and
generates gas therein, the gas chamber 70 delivers such gas to the
water chamber 20 when pressure inside the gas chamber 70 exceeds
pressure inside the water chamber 70. When the pressure inside the
gas chamber 70 is lower than that inside the water chamber 20,
however, such a gas chamber 70 simply stores the gas therein until
its pressure exceeds that of the water chamber 20 or until it
receives an user input or command.
[0085] In another aspect of the present invention, gas-powered
water guns may be provided so as to dispense water through their
water outlets on user commands by pressure difference developed by
gas between interiors of the water guns and atmosphere by storing
the gas in gas storage chambers and storing reactants in reactant
chambers. FIGS. 3C and 3D exemplify various water guns including
separate gas chambers and reactant chambers having various
configurations.
[0086] FIG. 3C is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
similar to that of FIG. 3A and having a separate reactant chamber
to store reactants and to supply such reactants to the water
chamber in order to generate gas therein according to the present
invention. An exemplary water gun 11 of FIG. 3C is similar to that
of FIG. 3A, except that such a water gun 11 includes a separate
reactant chamber 50 defining an opening 51 and having a movable
reactant inlet 52 arranged similar to those described in
conjunction with FIGS. 2B and 2D. Accordingly, after the user loads
multiple doses of reactants into the reactant chamber 50, the
aforementioned loading unit of the reactant chamber 50 transports
each dose and/or a preset number of doses of reactants to the
gas-generating and pressure-driving water chamber 20 automatically
or upon receiving the user signal or command. Similar to that of
FIG. 3A, the gas chamber 70 may store at least a portion of the gas
generated through the chemical reaction in the water chamber 20 or
to deliver the gas stored therein and/or compressed air supplied by
the air pump 30 to the water chamber 20.
[0087] FIG. 3D is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
similar to that of FIG. 3B and having a separate reactant chamber
for storing reactants and supplying such to the gas chamber in
order to generate gas therein according to the present invention.
Such a water gun 11 exemplified in FIG. 3D is similar to that of
FIG. 3B, except that such a water gun 11 includes a separate
reactant chamber 50 identical to that of FIG. 3C. Therefore, as the
user loads multiple doses of reactants into the reactant chamber
50, the aforementioned loading unit of the reactant chamber 50
transports each dose and/or a preset number of doses of reactants
to the gas-generating gas chamber 70. The gas generated by the
reactant inside such a gas chamber 70 may then be supplied to a
pressure-driving water chamber 20 automatically and/or upon
receiving the user signal or command. Similar to that of FIG. 3B,
the gas chamber 70 stores at least a portion of the gas generated
through the chemical reaction in the water chamber 20 or delivers
such gas stored therein and/or compressed air supplied by the air
pump 30 to the water chamber 20.
[0088] In another aspect of the present invention, gas-powered
water guns may be provided so as to dispense water through their
water outlets on user commands by pressure difference developed by
gas between interiors of the water guns and atmosphere by
generating gas in reaction chambers, by storing such gas in gas
storage chambers, and by storing reactants in reactant chambers.
FIGS. 3E and 3F exemplify various water guns with separate reaction
chambers, gas chambers, and reactant chambers having various
configurations.
[0089] FIG. 3E is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
having a water chamber for storing water, a separate reaction
chamber for receiving reactants and generating gas as well as a
separate gas chamber for storing gas therein according to the
present invention. An exemplary water gun 11 of FIG. 3E is similar
to those of FIGS. 3A and 3B, except that such a water gun 11
includes a separate reaction chamber 60 defining an opening 61 and
having a movable reactant inlet 62 arranged similar to that
described in conjunction with FIG. 2C. When the user loads one dose
and/or a preset number of doses of reactants into the
gas-generating reaction chamber 60, the reactant undergoes the
chemical reaction and generates gas thereby. As shown in the
figure, the reaction chamber 60 may indirectly supply the gas to
the pressure-driving water chamber 20 via the gas chamber 70. In
this embodiment, the gas chamber 70 receives all the gas generated
in the reaction chamber 60 and delivers the gas to the water
chamber 20 depending upon their pressures either automatically or
upon receiving the user signal or command. Accordingly, such a gas
chamber 70 serves as an additional storage chamber of such gas. In
another embodiment which is not shown in the figure, an additional
conduit is disposed between the water chamber 20 and the reaction
chamber 60 such that the reaction chamber 60 may deliver such gas
directly to the water chamber 20 or indirectly thereto through the
gas chamber 70. In addition, the gas chamber 70 may further be
arranged to receive compressed air from the air pump 30 and deliver
such to the water chamber 20.
[0090] FIG. 3F is a schematic diagram of an exemplary water gun
similar to that of FIG. 3E and having a separate reactant chamber
for storing reactants and supplying such to the reaction chamber so
as to generate gas therein according to the present invention. An
exemplary water gun 11 of FIG. 3F is similar to that of FIG. 2D (or
FIG. 3D), except that the water gun 11 of FIG. 3F includes a
separate gas chamber 70 (or reaction chamber 60). More
particularly, the gas-generating reaction chamber 60 may be
disposed between the reactant chamber 50 and gas chamber 70 which
may be in turn disposed in an upstream of the pressure-driving
water chamber 20. Thus, when the user loads multiple doses of
reactants into the reactant chamber 50, a loading unit thereof may
transport one dose and/or a preset number of doses of reactants
into the gas-generating reaction chamber 60. The reactant undergoes
the chemical reaction in the reaction chamber 60 and generates gas
therein. Similar to that of FIG. 3E, such a reaction chamber 60 may
indirectly supply all or at least a portion of such gas to the
pressure-driving water chamber 20 through the gas chamber 70 either
automatically or upon receiving the user signal or command. In the
alternative and when an additional conduit is provided between the
reaction chamber 60 and water chamber 20, the reaction chamber 60
may deliver a portion of the gas directly to the water chamber 20
or indirectly thereto through the gas chamber 70. The gas chamber
70 may additionally be arranged to receive compressed air from the
air pump 30 and deliver such to the water chamber 20 automatically
or upon receiving the user signal or command.
[0091] Configurational and/or operational variations and/or
modifications of such foregoing exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 2A
to 2D and FIGS. 3A to 3F (referred to as FIGS. 2A to 3F
hereinafter) also fall within the scope of the present invention.
More particularly, various chambers, various units thereof, various
control valves, various conduits, and parallel and/or series
arrangements therebetween may be modified and/or varied, and
additional chambers, valves, and conduits may be incorporated
without departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0092] Various water chambers described in FIGS. 2A to 3F may be
made of various materials and/or in various configurations. For
example, such a water chamber may be made of any material such as,
e.g., plastics or composites, as long as it does not leak water
therethrough (i.e., water-resistant) and as long as it endures gas
pressure. The water chamber may also be constructed in any
configuration as long as it may receive and store a preset amount
of water therein (i.e., watertight) except through designated
inlets and/or outlets. The water chamber may be arranged to have
any shape and/or size, and disposed in any location of the water
gun as far as it does not hinder or obstruct any operation of other
chambers of the water gun. In addition, multiple water chambers may
be incorporated into such a water gun in a series and/or parallel
configuration so as to increase a storage capacity of the water gun
and to provide multiple water supply routes. When such a water
chamber is used only for storing water therein, it may be made
similar to those of conventional water guns. However, when the
water chamber is used as the gas-generating and/or pressure-driving
chamber, such a water chamber may preferably be made of more
durable materials and/or in more resilient configurations.
[0093] Such a water chamber may include a variety of conduits
delivering the gas or water thereto or therefrom and/or a variety
of valves therealong. For example, the water chamber may be
arranged to be in fluid communication with various gas-generating
chambers through a variety of conduits in order to receive the gas
therethrough, and in fluid communication with various
pressure-driving chambers to supply water thereto. Depending upon
detailed configurations, such conduits may connect the water
chamber to the gas-generating chamber, pressure-driving chamber,
optional manual air pump, and/or other chambers either indirectly
or directly in a parallel or series arrangement. Furthermore, when
the reactant requires water as a medium or a reacting compound of
the gas-generating chemical reaction, the water chamber may be
connected to the gas-generating chamber to supply water thereto.
Such a water chamber may include at least one safety valve so as to
prevent over-pressurizing thereof by the gas. In addition, such a
safety valve may be used to dispense water under a preset pressure
to minimize possible body injury of a person subjected to water
dispensed by the gas-powered water gun of this invention.
[0094] The above water outlets of FIGS. 2A to 3F may also be
arranged to dispense water in various configurations. Similar to
conventional water guns, the foregoing water outlet may be arranged
to be always open to atmosphere and to dispense water whenever the
pressure inside the water chamber exceeds atmospheric pressure. In
such an embodiment, the water gun may include a separate
gas-generating chamber arranged to supply the gas to the water
chamber on the user signal or command and to be otherwise closed to
the water chamber to prevent loss of the gas therefrom.
Alternatively, the water outlet may be operatively coupled to the
trigger, arranged to open to atmosphere in order to dispense water
therefrom only upon receiving the user signal or command, and
otherwise closed to atmosphere. Depending upon user's selection or
command, such a water outlet may also be arranged to dispense water
as a continuous stream, a series of water pulses, a burst of water,
a tubular jet, a spray, and so on. Multiple water outlets may also
be incorporated so that water may be dispensed in a variety of
configurations depending upon, e.g., gas pressure, force applied to
the trigger, a number of such outlets recruited for dispensing
water, and so on. A manual or automatic distance selector or sensor
may also be incorporated in order to focus multiple streams of
water in different distances. In addition, the water outlet may be
arranged to adjust its opening area so that a linear velocity
and/or a flow rate of dispensed water may be adjusted manually or
automatically based on, e.g., gas pressure, an amount of water
stored in the water chamber, and the like.
[0095] Reaction chambers described in FIGS. 2A through 3F may be
made of various materials and/or in various configurations.
Therefore, the reaction chamber may be made of any suitable
material such as, e.g., plastics, metals or composites, as far as
it is chemically inert and/or resistant to the reactant, its
reaction intermediates and/or byproducts and as long as it endures
pressure of the gas generated therein. The reaction chamber may
also be constructed in any configuration as long as it may receive
the reactant, store the gas generated thereby, and then maintain
the pressure of the gas (i.e., airtight) except through designated
inlets and/or outlets. The reaction chamber may also be arranged to
have any shape and/or size, and disposed in any location of the
water gun as far as it does not hinder any operation of other
chambers of the water gun. For safety reasons, however, the
reaction chamber is preferably disposed inside the water gun in
order to minimize injuries in case of explosion thereof. In
addition, multiple reaction chambers may be incorporated into the
water gun in a series and/or parallel configuration in order to
increase a gas-generating capacity of the water gun and to provide
multiple gas supply routes. Such a reaction chamber may be used
only for generating gas therein or used as the gas-generating and
pressure-driving chamber as well.
[0096] The reaction chamber may include a variety of conduits
delivering the gas or water thereto or therefrom and/or a variety
of valves therealong. For example, the reaction chamber may be
arranged to be in fluid communication with various pressure-driving
chambers through various conduits in order to deliver the gas
therethrough and in fluid communication with various gas storage
chambers to store such gas therein. Depending upon detailed
configurations, various conduits may connect the reaction chamber
to the water chamber or other pressure-driving chamber, optional
manual air pump, and the like either indirectly or directly in a
parallel and/or series arrangement. Furthermore, when the reaction
may require water as a medium for the reactant or as a reacting
compound, the reaction chamber may include a separate water inlet
arranged to receive water therethrough from an external source. In
the alternative, the reaction chamber may be connected to the water
chamber to receive water therefrom. In this embodiment, the user
may manually supply a desirable amount of water to the reaction
chamber whenever deemed necessary. Alternatively, the reaction
chamber may be operatively coupled to the water chamber and/or
other chambers of the water gun such that a preset amount of water
may be provided into the reaction chamber, e.g., whenever a new
dose of reactant may be delivered into the reaction chamber, as the
gas pressure inside the reaction chamber falls below a preset
value, when a preset amount of water is dispensed from the water
chamber, and so on. In particular, the reactant loading unit may be
coupled to the water inlet of the reaction chamber or a water
loading unit therefor so that the water loading unit receives water
from the water chamber whenever the reactant loading unit
transports a preset dose of reactant to the reaction chamber.
[0097] As discussed above, the reaction chamber may also include
the discharge valve to discharge the undesirable reaction
byproducts therefrom. Similar to the foregoing water inlet, the
user may open the discharge valve to discharge a desirable amount
of the byproducts or reaction mixture whenever deemed necessary. In
the alternative, the reaction chamber may be operatively coupled to
the water chamber and/or other chambers of the water gun so that a
preset amount of byproducts or such an amount of the reaction
mixture may be discharged from the reaction chamber, e.g., whenever
a new dose of reactant may be delivered into the reaction chamber,
as the gas pressure inside the reaction chamber falls below a
preset value, whenever a preset amount of water is dispensed from
the water chamber, when temperature inside the reaction chamber
deviates from a desirable range, and the like. The reactant loading
unit may be similarly coupled to the discharge valve of the
reaction chamber or a discharge unit of the reaction chamber so
that the discharge valve or unit discharges a preset amount of the
byproducts and/or reaction mixture out of the reaction chamber
whenever the reactant loading unit transports a preset dose of
reactant to the reaction chamber. In one embodiment, the byproducts
and/or reaction mixture may be discharged through the discharge
valve directly out of the water gun. In another embodiment, the
water gun includes a separate collection chamber in which the
byproducts or reaction mixture may be collected and disposed
thereafter. In another alternative, such byproducts or reaction
mixture may be discharged from the reaction chamber and then
transported into the water chamber to be discharged out of the
water gun along with water dispensed through the water outlet. It
is appreciated, in this embodiment, that the byproducts or reaction
mixture is preferably nontoxic or does not initiate any undesirable
chemical reaction or dissolution when they are mixed with water in
the water chamber. In addition, at least one filter is disposed in
an upstream of the water outlet so as to prevent any precipitation
of the reactant and/or byproduct from clogging the water
outlet.
[0098] The reaction chamber may be arranged to regulate a
temperature and/or a pressure therein as well. Such embodiments are
particularly useful when rates or extents of the gas-generating
reaction may be controlled by such a temperature and/or pressure.
For example, various products obtained by the reaction such as the
gas and byproducts almost always have a greater volume than the
reactants and, accordingly, an increase in the pressure inside the
reaction chamber may reduce progression of the reaction. More
particularly, when the gas-generating reaction is a reversible
reaction, an increase in the pressure generally favors a backward
reaction than a forward reaction, thereby decreasing an extent
and/or yield of the reaction and possibly reducing a volume of the
gas in the reaction chamber. In such a case, the reaction chamber
may be arranged to transport at least a portion of the gas to the
gas chamber and/or water chamber, thereby reducing its pressure and
increasing the amount of gas present inside the water gun. When the
gas-generating reaction is exothermic, the temperature inside the
reaction chamber will tend to increase as the reaction proceeds and
the gas is generated. When such a reaction is a reversible one,
such an increase in pressure will decrease the extent and/or yield
of the reaction. Accordingly, the reaction chamber may be arranged
to be cooled using the air and/or by circulating the water stored
in the water chamber.
[0099] Such a reaction chamber may be arranged to include at least
one gas outlet valve which may be regulated by various modes. In
one embodiment, such a control valve may be manually controlled by
the user so that he or she can accumulate the gas in the reaction
chamber and then deliver such gas to the gas chamber and/or
pressure-driving chamber whenever needed. In another embodiment,
the control valve may be regulated based on the pressure of the
reaction chamber, pressure-driving chamber, water chamber, air
pump, and so on. This embodiment offers the benefit of maintaining
the pressure inside the pressure-driving chamber at a relatively
constant level. In another embodiment, the control valve may be
regulated based on the flow of the gas from the reaction chamber to
another chamber as well.
[0100] The reaction chamber may also be arranged to include therein
one or more sub-chambers for various purposes. For example, such
sub-chambers may operate as separate reaction chambers so that they
may generate the gas sequentially or together. Such sub-chambers
may also be arranged to control its temperature and/or pressure
individually, thereby attaining different reaction extents and/or
yields therein. The sub-chamber may also serve as a reactant
storage which stores multiple doses of the reactants, while keeping
them from initiating the gas-generating reaction by preventing them
from contacting the air, water, gas, other reactants, reaction
byproducts, and the like. In addition, the sub-chamber may be
arranged to have an airlock mechanism so that the gas and/or air
does not get out of or into the reaction chamber while loading the
reactants into the reaction chamber.
[0101] Gas chambers described in FIGS. 3A to 3F may be made of
various materials and/or in various configurations. For example,
such a gas chamber may be made of any suitable material such as,
e.g., plastics, metals or composites, as far as it is chemically
inert and/or resistant to the gas and as far as it endures the gas
pressure. The gas chamber may also be provided in any configuration
as long as it may receive the gas from the gas-generating chamber,
store the gas, and maintain the gas pressure (i.e., airtight)
except through designated inlets and/or outlets. In addition, the
elastic gas chamber may be made of any conventional elastic
material and/or may be arranged to have any conventional elastic
configuration. The gas chamber may also be arranged to have any
shape and/or size and disposed in any location of the water gun as
long as it does not hinder any operation of other chambers of such
a water gun. For safety reasons, however, the gas chamber may be
disposed inside the water gun to minimize injuries in case of
explosion thereof. In addition, multiple gas chambers may be
incorporated in a series and/or parallel configuration in order to
increase a gas-storing capacity of the water gun or to provide
multiple gas supply routes. Such a gas chamber may be used only for
storing gas therein or as the gas-generating and pressure-driving
chamber as well.
[0102] The gas chamber may include a variety of conduits for
delivering the gas thereto or therefrom and various valves
therealong. Through these conduits and valves, the gas chamber may
be coupled to other chambers of the water gun in a series and/or
parallel arrangement. For example, such a gas chamber may be
disposed between the water chamber and reaction chamber, between
the reaction chamber and optional air pump, in a downstream of the
water and reaction chambers, and the like. In any of these
embodiments, the gas chamber may be controlled manually by the user
or automatically. Similar to the foregoing reaction chamber,
various pressure- and/or volume-regulating control valves may be
incorporated to regulate, e.g., the pressure inside the gas
chamber, the flow of the gas into or out of the gas chamber, and so
on. When desirable, the reaction chamber may be arranged to deliver
the gas either to the gas chamber or to the pressure-driving
chamber such that the gas chamber may not be able to receive all
the gas generated in the reaction chamber.
[0103] Reactant chambers described in FIGS. 2A through 3F may be
made of various materials and/or in various configurations. For
example, the reactant chamber may be made of any materials such as,
e.g., plastics, metals or composites, as far as it is chemically
inert and resistant to the reactant. Such a reactant chamber may be
provided in any configuration as long as it may receive multiple
doses of reactants from the user, store the reactants, and deliver
a preset amount of the reactants to the gas-generating chamber
either manually or automatically. The reactant chamber may be
arranged to have any shape and/or size and disposed in any location
of the water gun as far as it does not hinder any operation of
other chambers of such a water gun. Multiple reactant chambers may
be incorporated in a series and/or parallel configuration in order
to increase a storing capacity of the reactant and/or to provide
multiple supply routes of the same or different reactants. When
desirable, the above reactant chambers may be arranged to isolate
the stored reactant from water, air or the reactants undergoing the
chemical reaction in the gas-generating chamber.
[0104] Such a reactant chamber may include a variety of
conventional loading units. First, the loading unit may be
manipulated manually by the user to load one or a preset number of
doses of reactants to the gas-generating chamber. Such a loading
unit may include a handle and/or a lever to transport the preset
amount of the solid or powder reactant or may include a syringe or
spoid to transport such an amount of the liquid reactant. Second,
the loading unit may be operatively coupled to other chambers of
the water gun such as, e.g., the water chamber, gas-generating
chamber, gas chamber, pressure-driving chamber, and the like, such
that preset events occurring in such a chamber may activate such a
reactant chamber to transport one or preset number of doses of
reactants into the gas-generating chamber. Examples of such events
may include, but not be limited to, a decrease in the gas pressure
in the gas-generating chamber due to consumption of the reactants,
a decrease in the water level in the water chamber after dispensing
water, an accumulation of the reaction wastes or byproducts in the
gas-generating chamber, dispensing of such waste or byproducts, and
the like. In general, such a loading unit is arranged to convey or
pressure-feed one or a preset number of the solid reactants, to
convey or drip a preset volume or weight of the powder or liquid
reactant, or to transport the solid, powder or liquid reactant
using other conventional solid, powder, and liquid transporting
mechanisms. When the reactant chamber receives multiple reactants,
the loading unit may be arranged to transport such reactants in a
preset ratio so as to satisfy the reaction stoichiometry. The
loading unit may also be arranged to include conventional recoil
mechanisms for repeated use. Thus, an exemplary loading unit may
include a spring which recoils to its unstressed position after
loading one or a preset number of doses of reactants into the
gas-generating chamber.
[0105] In another aspect of the present invention, various
reactants may be provided to generate gas by at least one chemical
reaction thereof. More particularly, such reactants are preferably
engineered to be shaped, sized, and/or contained such that they may
be used for the aforementioned water guns for dispensing water
through a water outlet by pressure difference developed by such gas
between interiors of such water guns and atmosphere. In general,
such a reactant may be provided as, e.g., a solid article, a
powder, and a liquid including a liquid reactant and solution
thereof. The solid reactants may have a variety of shapes examples
of which may include, but not be limited to, rounded or curved
articles (e.g., spheres, beads, and otherwise oblong pills),
pellets having circular, oval or other cross-sectional shapes, and
the like. The powder reactants may be provided in various particle
shapes and sizes, and may consist of particles with similar or
different sizes. The powder reactants may also be granulated or
loosely aggregated to facilitate transportation or handling
thereof. It is to be appreciated, however, that detailed shapes
and/or sizes of such solid article reactants and powder reactants
are generally not material to the scope of the present invention as
long as they may be easily introduced to the foregoing
gas-generating chamber and/or reactant chamber and as long as they
may relatively readily react to generate such gas in the
gas-generating chamber. The reactants in their liquid phase may be
homogeneous compounds or solutions of such reactants which are
dissolved in appropriate solvents.
[0106] The foregoing solid, powder, and/or liquid reactants may
also be arranged to react at a preset range of reaction rates. For
example, such a reactant may consist of small particles each of
which is encapsulated by other materials (i.e., microencapsulation)
which may decompose in the air (or in the presence of other gases
including the gas generated by the reactant) and/or dissolve in a
solvent or a solution including the reactant at a controlled rate.
Therefore, the reactant may be exposed to the air or to each other
at a certain rate, thereby also generating the gas at a controlled
rate. Such reactants engineered by the above microencapsulation
techniques may also be contained in various containers or capsules
and/or segmented by the dividers which may also be arranged to
decompose or dissolve at certain rates. By incorporating such
microencapsulation techniques, containers, capsules, and/or
dividers, not only the rate of the chemical reaction of the
reactants may be controlled, but also a timing (or delaying) of an
initiation of such a reaction in the gas-generating chamber may be
adjusted so that such a reaction may be delayed by a certain period
after such reactants are transported into the gas-generating
chamber. Such self-decomposing and/or self-dissolving containers
and/or capsules may also be arranged to contain other solid
reactants, powder reactants, and/or liquid reactants which are not
prepared by the microencapsulation techniques. The foregoing
techniques, containers, capsules, and/or dividers may also be
utilized to stabilize the reactants, e.g., by preventing such
reactants from being exposed to the air, other gases including the
gas generated through the chemical reaction of the reactant, water,
liquid reactants, solvents, and solutions including the reactants,
by decomposing at a certain rate to expose the reactant to such,
and the like.
[0107] Regardless of its shape, size, and/or phase, the reactant
may consist of only a single reactive compound or may include
multiple reactive compounds. In the alternative, multiple reactive
compounds may be provided as separate reactants which may generate
the gas when disposed together in the gas-generating chamber. When
desirable, the reactant may be arranged to include one or more
non-reactive compounds therein in order to enhance chemical
stability and/or mechanical stability thereof. For example, the
reactant may include one or more inert compounds which are
distributed among the reactive compound molecules so as to prevent
the reactive molecules from contacting each other and initiating
the chemical reaction therebetween. Such inert compounds may also
be included to improve aggregative properties of the compounds for
forming such reactants into, e.g., pellets, beads, and/or other
desirable shapes.
[0108] FIGS. 4A to 4C show exemplary reactant pellets having
multiple reactant compounds arranged in vertical or longitudinal
configurations. For example, FIG. 4A represents a schematic diagram
of an exemplary gas-generating reactant pellet with two
longitudinally arranged reactants or layers thereof, whereas FIG.
4B represents a schematic diagram of another exemplary
gas-generating reactant pellet which has three longitudinally
arranged reactants or layers thereof according to the present
invention. Each of such exemplary reactant pellets 80 of FIGS. 4A
and 4B are typically arranged to have a shape of a cylinder
consisting of two or three layers 81A, 81B, 81C vertically disposed
along its center axis, where each layer 81A, 81B, 81C is arranged
to include a different reactive compound. Alternatively, each of
such layers 81A, 81B, 81C may be arranged to include the same
reactive compound but have different reactivity and/or solubility
in a proper medium such that the reactants in different layers may
not react at the same time and may not generate the gas
simultaneously. This embodiment offers the benefits of avoiding a
sudden surge of pressure in the gas-generating chamber as well as
prolonging a period of gas generation. FIG. 4C is a schematic
diagram of an exemplary gas-generating reactant pellet which
includes two longitudinally arranged reactants (or layers) as well
as an interlayer divider placed therebetween according to the
present invention. Contrary to the exemplary embodiments of FIGS.
4A and 4B, a reactant pellet 80 of FIG. 4C includes an internal
divider 82 which is typically made of an inert material arranged to
be disposed between different layers 81A, 81B in order to segregate
the different reactive compounds of such layers 81A, 81b and to
prevent such reactive compounds from contacting each other. It is
preferred that the divider 82 be made of material soluble in a
reaction medium so that the dissolved divider materials are
dispensed out of the water gun with water through the water outlet.
Otherwise, the gas-generating chamber may be provided with the
aforementioned discharge outlet through which the divider materials
may be dispensed.
[0109] FIGS. 4D to 4F show exemplary reactant pellets having
multiple reactant compounds arranged in horizontal and/or radial
configurations. Thus, FIG. 4D is a schematic diagram of an
exemplary gas-generating reactant pellet which includes two
radially arranged reactants or layers thereof, whereas FIG. 4E is a
schematic diagram of an exemplary gas-generating reactant pellet
including three radially arranged reactants (or layers) according
to the present invention. Each of such exemplary reactant pellets
80 of FIGS. 4D and 4E are typically arranged to have a shape of a
cylinder consisting of two or three layers 81A, 81B, 81C
horizontally or radially disposed about its center axis, and each
layer 81A, 81B, 81C is arranged to consist of a different reactive
compound. Alternatively, each of such layers 81A, 81B, 81C may be
arranged to include the same reactive compound but with different
reactivity or solubility in a proper medium such that the reactants
in different layers may not react at the same time and may not
generate the gas simultaneously. Such an embodiment offers the
benefits of avoiding a sudden surge of pressure in the
gas-generating chamber and prolonging a period of gas generation.
FIG. 4F is a schematic diagram of an exemplary gas-generating
reactant pellet including two radially arranged reactants (or
layers) and an interlayer divider placed therebetween according to
the present invention. Contrary to the exemplary embodiments of
FIGS. 4D and 4E, a reactant pellet 80 of FIG. 4F includes an
internal divider 82 which is typically made of an inert material
and arranged to be disposed between different layers 81A, 81B in
order to segregate different reactive compounds and to prevent the
reactive compounds from contacting each other. As described above,
such a divider 82 is made of material soluble in a reaction medium
or the gas-generating chamber is provided with the foregoing
discharge outlet through which the divider materials may be
dispensed.
[0110] When the reactant compounds are selected so that dissolution
of the solid or powder reactant in a reaction medium or a liquid
reactant is a rate-limiting step, solubility of the solid or powder
reactant may be manipulated to adjust a gas-generating period of
each dose of such reactants. For example, such solid or powder
reactants may be enclosed in a soluble or decomposable container or
capsule so that dissolution or decomposition of the container or
capsule may determine a timing of an initiation of the
gas-generating reaction. Alternatively, such solid or powder
reactants may be engineered by the foregoing microencapsulation
techniques to have a preset dissolution and/or decomposition rates.
In the alternative and when the gas-generating reaction requires
multiple reactive compounds, one of the reactive compounds may be
supplied in a controlled amount than the other compounds such that
a concentration of the controlled compound may determine the rate
and/or extent of the reaction. Such an embodiment applies not only
to the solid or powder reactants but also to the liquid reactants.
It is to be appreciated that the embodiments described in this
paragraph apply to other reactants arranged to generate the gas
when exposed to the air or moist thereof and/or when multiple
reactive compounds contact each other.
[0111] In contrary, some reactants may exhibit only limited
solubilities in the reaction medium or a liquid reactant. It is
then preferred that such a solid or powder reactant be arranged to
facilitate dissolution thereof. One way of achieving such a goal is
to increase a surface area of such a solid or powder reactant,
e.g., by providing protrusions and/or indentations on surfaces of
such reactants, by forming apertures in or through such reactants,
by arranging such reactants to have porous structures, and the
like. FIGS. 4G and 4H exemplify solid reactants having apertures
therethrough. For example, FIG. 4G describes a schematic diagram of
an exemplary gas-generating reactant pellet which is similar to
those of FIGS. 4A to 4C and defines a center aperture, and FIG. 4H
shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary gas-generating reactant
pellet which is similar to those of FIGS. 4D to 4F and also defines
a center aperture according to the present invention. Although
exemplary apertures 83 are provided in center portions of pellets
80, such apertures may be provided in various arrangements. For
example, apertures may be provided off-center, and multiple
apertures may be formed parallel or perpendicular to each other in
any region of the pellets 80. Such apertures may be formed through
the pellets 80 or may be formed at certain depths but not through
the pellets 80.
[0112] Regardless of their shapes and/or sizes, the above solid,
powder, and/or liquid reactants may be contained or enclosed in
various containers or capsules. In the alternative, the reactants
may also be coated with external coating layers which may be
disposed to enclose the entire portion thereof or only selected
portions thereof. When desirable, non-reactive materials may be
includes inside such a reactant to divide the reactant into
multiple segments. FIGS. 4I and 4J show exemplary reactant pellets
including exterior coated layers provided in various arrangements.
For example, FIG. 4I is a schematic diagram of an exemplary
reactant pellet similar to those of FIGS. 4A to 4C and 4G including
an exterior coated layer, whereas FIG. 4J is a schematic diagram of
an exemplary reactant pellet similar to those of FIGS. 4D to 4F and
4H and including an exterior coated layer according to the present
invention. In both embodiments, external coated layers 84 are
arranged to cover top portions, bottom portions, and sides of the
reactant pellets 80 such that layers 81A, 81B of reactive compounds
are not exposed to external environments. Once such pellets 80 are
transported into the gas-generating chamber 60 of the water gun 11,
the external coated layers 84 may be decomposed or dissolved,
thereby exposing the layers 81A, 81B of reactants. Although not
shown in the figure, such a coated layer may also be disposed to
cover or enclose only a portion of the solid, powder or liquid
reactant. In addition, such a coated layer may be disposed inside
the solid pellet to protect a covered portion of the reactant from
the external environment or to delay the initiation of the chemical
reaction of the covered portion of the reactant, thereby adjusting
rates of the gas-generating chemical reaction.
[0113] The foregoing reactants may be arranged to undergo the
gas-generating chemical reaction by various arrangements. For
example, when a single reactive compound is involved in such a
chemical reaction, the reactant may be arranged to react when
exposed to a proper medium such as, e.g., the air, water or other
media. The reactant may also be arranged to react by shaking or
otherwise mixing such, thereby increasing contact areas between the
reactive molecules, removing the exterior coated layers and/or
internal dividers of the reactant, and so on. The reactant may also
be arranged to react when it is subjected to a pressure and/or
temperature which exceeds a preset range, when the solid, powder or
liquid reactant contacts the gas generated by its own chemical
reaction, when the reactive molecules contact ions or other
molecules which are formed by dissolving such reactive compounds in
a liquid medium or solvent, and so on. Similarly, when multiple
reactive compounds are required for the gas-generating chemical
reaction, such compounds may be arranged to generate the gas when
at least one of the reactive compounds is exposed to a proper
medium such as, e.g., the air, water, and the like. The
multi-compound reactant may be arranged to generate the gas by
shaking or otherwise mixing such, thereby increasing contacting
areas between the same or different reactive molecules, removing
exterior coated layers thereof, removing or rupturing internal
dividers segmenting different reactive compounds, and so on.
[0114] Although any of the foregoing gas-generating mechanisms may
be employed in this invention, it is generally preferred that the
reactants generate the gas when exposed to the air or moist therein
or mixed with water. For example, a solid (or powder) reactant may
generate the gas when exposed to air or moist or when shaken, a
solid (or powder) reactant may generate the gas when mixed with a
liquid reactant or liquid medium, when a liquid reactant is mixed
with another liquid reactant, and so on. The reactants may also be
arranged to generate the gas when foregoing reactions may take
place in the presence of water, e.g, when two or more solid (or
powder) reactants are mixed in water, when a solid (or powder)
reactant is mixed with a liquid reactant in water, and the
like.
[0115] Any nontoxic gas may be employed to drive water out of the
gas-powered water guns of the present invention, although carbon
dioxide (CO.sub.2) seems by far the most preferred for such a
purpose. Carbon dioxide may be relatively readily released from a
variety of chemical compounds which include carbonate groups
therein. For example, CO.sub.2 may be obtained by reacting a sodium
bicarbonate with a weak acid according to a reaction:
NaHCO.sub.3+weak acid->Na-salt+CO.sub.2+(water) Other materials
including therein at least one carbon dioxide-derivatives such as,
e.g., CO.sub.2, CO.sub.3.sup.-2, and HCO.sub.3.sup.-1, may be used
as the reactive compounds to react with acids, bases, and/or other
compounds so as to generate carbon dioxide through various chemical
reactions, examples of which may include, but not be limited to:
neutral compound with
CO.sub.2-derivative+water->CO.sub.2+byproduct(s) (1a) neutral
compound with CO.sub.2-derivative+strong or weak
acid->CO.sub.2+byproduct(s) (2a) neutral compound with
CO.sub.2-derivative+strong or weak base->CO.sub.2+byproduct(s)
(2b) acid with CO.sub.2-derivative+water->CO.sub.2+byproduct(s)
(3a) acid with CO.sub.2-derivative+strong or weak
acid->CO.sub.2+byproduct(s) (3b) acid with
CO.sub.2-derivative+strong or weak base->CO.sub.2+byproduct(s)
(3c) base with CO.sub.2-derivative+water->CO.sub.2+byproduct(s)
(4a) base with CO.sub.2-derivative+strong or weak
acid->CO.sub.2+byproduct(s) (4b) base with
CO.sub.2-derivative+strong or weak base->CO.sub.2+byproduct(s)
(4c) salt with CO.sub.2-derivative+water->CO.sub.2+byproduct(s)
(5a) salt with CO.sub.2-derivative+strong or weak
acid->CO.sub.2+byproduct(s) (5b) salt with
CO.sub.2-derivative+strong or weak base->CO.sub.2+byproduct(s)
(5c) acid with CO.sub.2-derivative+base with
CO.sub.2-derivative->CO.sub.2+byproduct(s) (6) It is appreciated
that carbon dioxide may be obtained by other chemical reactions
from other materials which may include carbon and oxygen molecules.
Details of such CO.sub.2-derivatives and other materials capable of
generating CO.sub.2, and various chemical reactions thereof are
readily available in high-school and college-level chemistry
textbooks and references.
[0116] Other nontoxic gases may also be employed to drive water
from the gas-powered water guns of the present invention, where
examples of such gases may include, but not limited to, nitrogen
(N.sub.2), helium (He), hydrogen (H.sub.2), and the like. It is
appreciated, however, that hydrogen may pose a safety hazard of
explosion, though it may be readily obtained through various
chemical reactions. In addition, helium may not be readily obtained
by conventional chemical reactions.
[0117] When the gas-generating chemical reaction requires multiple
reactive compounds, the reactant is generally arranged to include
each compound in a ratio determined by a reaction stoichiometry
such that at least a substantial portion of each compound is to be
consumed when the chemical reaction is to be completed and that at
most a negligible portion of the reactants is to remain in the
gas-generation chamber. For example, each solid (or powder)
reactant may be arranged to include multiple reactive compounds,
where each compound may be included in a different longitudinal or
radial layer or where the reactant includes multiple segregated
regions each of which is homogeneously composed by one of such
reactive compounds. In the alternative, such a reactant may be
composed of multiple solid (or powder) reactants each dose of which
may consist of, e.g., multiple pellets, capsules having powder or
liquid reactive compound(s), liquid amples, and so on.
[0118] In contrary, such a reaction stoichiometry may be utilized
to control rates of gas generation in the gas-generating chamber.
For example, the solid, powder or liquid reactant may be arranged
such that one or more of such multiple reactive compounds may be
provided in an amount less than what is dictated by the reaction
stoichiometry. Accordingly, the gas-generating reaction may be
limited by a concentration of such a compound with a limited
supply. By providing such a lacking compound as a separate solid,
powder or liquid reactant, the rate and/or extent of the
gas-generating reaction may be controller.
[0119] Any of the above chambers may be arranged to include at
least one indicator to allow the user to monitor the amounts of
water, gas, air, and/or reactants stored or remaining therein. For
example, the water chamber may include a water volume indicator
such as a conventional water gauge, a see-through window, and so
on. The reaction chamber may also include similar solid or liquid
indicators in order to allow the user to monitor the amounts of
reactants and/or byproducts therein. The reaction and/or gas
chamber may include conventional pressure gauges to sense the
internal pressure, while the reactant chamber may include the
conventional volume indicator or counter as well.
[0120] The foregoing inlets of various chambers of the water gun of
this invention may be utilized for other purposes. For example, a
dye (preferably washable dye) may be provided as a solid, powder or
liquid article and fed to one or more chambers of such a water gun
so that water dispensed from the water chamber may have a desirable
color. In general, the dye may be introduced into the water chamber
or along the water outlet. It is appreciated, however, that the
chamber into which the dye is fed may preferably include a filter
to remove undesirable materials in order to prevent clogging of the
water outlet.
[0121] It is to be understood that, while various aspects and
embodiments of the present invention have been described in
conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing
description is intended to illustrate and not to limit the scope of
the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended
claims. Other embodiments, aspects, advantages, and modifications
are within the scope of the following claims.
* * * * *