U.S. patent application number 11/042281 was filed with the patent office on 2006-07-13 for arylindenopyridines and related therapeutic and prophylactic methods.
Invention is credited to Kristin M. Averill, Keith T. Demarest, John H. Dodd, Geoffrey R. Heintzelman, Paul F. Jackson, Yuting Tang.
Application Number | 20060154949 11/042281 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35137281 |
Filed Date | 2006-07-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060154949 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Heintzelman; Geoffrey R. ;
et al. |
July 13, 2006 |
Arylindenopyridines and related therapeutic and prophylactic
methods
Abstract
This invention provides novel arylindenopyridines of the
formula: ##STR1## and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same,
useful for treating disorders ameliorated by antagonizing Adensine
A2a receptors or reducing PDE activity in appropriate cells. This
invention also provides therapeutic and prophylactic methods using
the instant pharmaceutical compositions.
Inventors: |
Heintzelman; Geoffrey R.;
(Annandale, NJ) ; Averill; Kristin M.; (High
Bridge, NJ) ; Dodd; John H.; (Stockton, NJ) ;
Demarest; Keith T.; (Flemington, NJ) ; Tang;
Yuting; (Whitehouse Station, NJ) ; Jackson; Paul
F.; (Whitehouse Station, NJ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
PHILIP S. JOHNSON;JOHNSON & JOHNSON
ONE JOHNSON & JOHNSON PLAZA
NEW BRUNSWICK
NJ
08933-7003
US
|
Family ID: |
35137281 |
Appl. No.: |
11/042281 |
Filed: |
January 24, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10259139 |
Sep 27, 2002 |
6903109 |
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11042281 |
Jan 24, 2005 |
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10123389 |
Apr 16, 2002 |
6958328 |
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10259139 |
Sep 27, 2002 |
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60284465 |
Apr 18, 2001 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/290 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07D 405/04 20130101;
A61K 31/473 20130101; C07D 401/12 20130101; C07D 409/04 20130101;
C07D 221/16 20130101; C07D 491/04 20130101; C07D 401/04
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/290 |
International
Class: |
A61K 31/473 20060101
A61K031/473 |
Claims
1. A method of treating a subject having a disorder ameliorated by
reducing PDE activity in appropriate cells, which comprises
administering to the subject a therapeutically effective dose of a
compound having the structure ##STR451## wherein (a) R.sub.1 is
selected from the group consisting of: (i) --COR.sub.5, wherein
R.sub.5 is selected from H, optionally substituted C.sub.1-8
straight or branched chain alkyl, optionally substituted aryl and
optionally substituted arylalkyl; wherein the substituents on the
alkyl, aryl and arylalkyl group are selected from C.sub.1-8 alkoxy,
phenylacetyloxy, hydroxy, halogen, p-tosyloxy, mesyloxy, amino,
cyano, carboalkoxy, or NR.sub.20R.sub.21 wherein R.sub.20 and
R.sub.21 are independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, benzyl, aryl, or heteroaryl or NR.sub.20R.sub.21 taken
together form a heterocycle or heteroaryl; (ii) COOR.sub.6, wherein
R.sub.6 is selected from H, optionally substituted C.sub.1-8
straight or branched chain alkyl, optionally substituted aryl and
optionally substituted arylalkyl; wherein the substituents on the
alkyl, aryl and arylalkyl group are selected from C.sub.1-8 alkoxy,
phenylacetyloxy, hydroxy, halogen, p-tosyloxy, mesyloxy, amino,
cyano, carboalkoxy, or NR.sub.20R.sub.21 wherein R.sub.20 and
R.sub.21, are independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, benzyl, aryl, or heteroaryl or NR.sub.20R.sub.21 taken
together form a heterocycle or heteroaryl; (iii) cyano; (iv) a
lactone or lactam formed with R.sub.4; (v) --CONR.sub.7R.sub.8
wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently selected from H,
C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, acyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl,
arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl; wherein the alkyl,
cycloalkyl, alkoxy, acyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, arylalkyl, aryl,
heteroaryl and heterocyclyl groups may be substituted with
carboxyl, alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, substituted
heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxamic acid,
sulfonamide, sulfonyl, hydroxy, thiol, alkoxy or arylalkyl, or
R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 taken together with the nitrogen to which they
are attached form a heterocycle or heteroaryl group; (vi) a
carboxylic ester or carboxylic acid bioisostere including
optionally substituted heteroaryl groups (b) R.sub.2 is selected
from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl,
optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl,
optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; (c) R.sub.3 is from one to four groups
independently selected from the group consisting of: (i) hydrogen,
halo, C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl, arylalkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-8 alkoxy, cyano, C.sub.1-4
carboalkoxy, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-8 alkylsulfonyl, halogen,
nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, C.sub.1-8 carboxylate, aryl,
heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; (ii) --NR.sub.10R.sub.11 wherein
R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are independently selected from H, C.sub.1-8
straight or branched chain alkyl, arylalkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl or R.sub.10 and
R.sub.11 taken together with the nitrogen form a heteroaryl or
heterocyclyl group; (iii) --NR.sub.12COR.sub.13 wherein R.sub.12 is
selected from hydrogen or alkyl and R.sub.1-3 is selected from
hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, C.sub.13alkoxyl, carboxyalkyl,
R.sub.30R.sub.31N (CH.sub.2).sub.p--,
R.sub.30R.sub.31NCO(CH.sub.2).sub.p--, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl
and heterocyclyl or R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 taken together with the
carbonyl form a carbonyl containing heterocyclyl group, wherein,
R.sub.30 and R.sub.31 are independently selected from H, OH, alkyl,
and alkoxy, and p is an integer from 1-6, (d) R.sub.4 is selected
from the group consisting of (i) hydrogen, (ii) C.sub.1-3 straight
or branched chain alkyl, (iii) benzyl and (iv) --NR.sub.13R.sub.14,
wherein R.sub.13 and R.sub.14 are independently selected from
hydrogen and C.sub.1-6 alkyl; wherein the C.sub.1-3alkyl and benzyl
groups are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected
from C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-8 alkoxy, cyano, C.sub.1-4
carboalkoxy, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-8 alkylsulfonyl, halogen,
nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, C.sub.1-8 carboxylate, amino,
NR.sub.13R.sub.14, aryl and heteroaryl; and (e) X is selected from
S and O; with the proviso that when R.sub.4 is isopropyl, then
R.sub.3 is not halogen, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts,
esters and pro-drug forms thereof.
2. A method of treating a subject having a disorder ameliorated by
reducing PDE activity in appropriate cells, which comprises
administering to the subject a therapeutically effective dose of a
compound having the structure: ##STR452## wherein (a) R.sub.1 is
selected from the group consisting of: (i) --COR.sub.5, wherein
R.sub.5 is selected from H, optionally substituted C.sub.1-8
straight or branched chain alkyl, optionally substituted aryl and
optionally substituted arylalkyl; wherein the substituents on the
alkyl, aryl and arylalkyl group are selected from C.sub.1-8 alkoxy,
phenylacetyloxy, hydroxy, halogen, p-tosyloxy, mesyloxy, amino,
cyano, carboalkoxy, or NR.sub.20R.sub.21 wherein R.sub.20 and
R.sub.21 are independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, benzyl, aryl, or heteroaryl or NR.sub.20R.sub.21 taken
together form a heterocycle or heteroaryl; (ii) COOR.sub.6, wherein
R.sub.6 is selected from H, optionally substituted C.sub.1-8
straight or branched chain alkyl, optionally substituted aryl and
optionally substituted arylalkyl; wherein the substituents on the
alkyl, aryl and arylalkyl group are selected from C.sub.1-8 alkoxy,
phenylacetyloxy, hydroxy, halogen, p-tosyloxy, mesyloxy, amino,
cyano, carboalkoxy, or NR.sub.20R.sub.21 wherein R.sub.20 and
R.sub.21 are independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, benzyl, aryl, or heteroaryl or NR.sub.20R.sub.21 taken
together form a heterocycle or heteroaryl; (i) cyano; (ii) a
lactone or lactam formed with R.sub.4; (iii) --CONR.sub.7R.sub.8
wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently selected from H,
C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, acyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl,
arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl; wherein the alkyl,
cycloalkyl, alkoxy, acyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, arylalkyl, aryl,
heteroaryl and heterocyclyl groups may be substituted with
carboxyl, alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, substituted
heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxamic acid,
sulfonamide, sulfonyl, hydroxy, thiol, alkoxy or arylalkyl, or
R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 taken together with the nitrogen to which they
are attached form a heterocycle or heteroaryl group; (vi) a
carboxylic ester or carboxylic acid bioisostere including
optionally substituted heteroaryl groups (b) R.sub.2 is
--NR.sub.15R.sub.16 wherein R.sub.15 and R.sub.16 are independently
selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C.sub.1-8 straight
or branched chain alkyl, arylalkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl,
heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl or R.sub.15 and R.sub.16 taken
together with the nitrogen form a heteroaryl or heterocyclyl group;
with the proviso that when R.sub.2 is NHR.sub.16, R.sub.1 is not
--COOR.sub.6 where R.sub.6 is ethyl; (c) R.sub.3 is from one to
four groups independently selected from the group consisting of:
(i) hydrogen, halo, C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl,
arylalkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-8 alkoxy, cyano, C.sub.1-4
carboalkoxy, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-8 alkylsulfonyl, halogen,
nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, C.sub.1-8 carboxylate, aryl,
heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; (ii) --NR.sub.10R.sub.11 wherein
R.sub.10and R.sub.11 are independently selected from H, C.sub.1-8
straight or branched chain alkyl, arylalkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl or R.sub.10 and
R.sub.11 taken together with the nitrogen form a heteroaryl or
heterocyclyl group; (iii) --NR.sub.12COR.sub.13 wherein R.sub.12 is
selected from hydrogen or alkyl and R.sub.13 is selected from
hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, C.sub.1-3alkoxyl, carboxyalkyl,
R.sub.30R.sub.31N (CH.sub.2).sub.p--,
R.sub.30R.sub.31NCO(CH.sub.2).sub.p--, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl
and heterocyclyl or R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 taken together with the
carbonyl form a carbonyl containing heterocyclyl group, wherein,
R.sub.30 and R.sub.31, are independently selected from H, OH,
alkyl, and alkoxy, and p is an integer from 1-6, wherein the alkyl
group may be substituted with carboxyl, alkyl, aryl, substituted
aryl, heterocyclyl, substituted heterocyclyl, heteroaryl,
substituted heteroaryl, hydroxamic acid, sulfonamide, sulfonyl,
hydroxy, thiol, alkoxy or arylalkyl; (d) R.sub.4 is selected from
the group consisting of (i) hydrogen, (ii) C.sub.1-3 straight or
branched chain alkyl, (iii) benzyl and (iv) --NR.sub.13R.sub.14,
wherein R.sub.13 and R.sub.14 are independently selected from
hydrogen and C.sub.1-6 alkyl; wherein the C.sub.1-3alkyl and benzyl
groups are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected
from C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-8 alkoxy, cyano, C.sub.1-4
carboalkoxy, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-8 alkylsulfonyl, halogen,
nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, C.sub.1-8 carboxylate, amino,
NR.sub.13R.sub.14, aryl and heteroaryl; and (e) X is selected from
S and O; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and
pro-drug forms thereof.
3. A method of preventing a disorder ameliorated by reducing PDE
activity in appropriate cells in a subject, comprising
administering to the subject, in need of such treatment, a
prophylactically effective dose of a compound as defined in claim 1
or claim 2 either preceding or subsequent to an event anticipated
to cause a disorder ameliorated by reducing PDE activity in
appropriate cells in the subject.
4. The method of claim 3 comprising administering to the subject a
therapeutically or prophylactically effective dose of a
pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as defined in
claim 1 or claim 2 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
5. The method of claim 3 comprising administering to the subject a
therapeutically or prophylactically effective dose of the
pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as defined in
claim 1 or claim 2 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
6. A method of inhibiting PDE activity in a subject, which
comprises contacting one or more T-cells with a therapeutically
effective dose of a compound as defined in claim 1 or claim 2.
7. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the disorder is
selected from the group consisting of transplant-related disorders,
inflammatory-related disorders, AIDS-related disorders, vascular
diseases, and erectile dysfunction.
8. The method of claim 3, wherein the disorder is selected from the
group consisting of transplant-related disorders,
inflammatory-related disorders, AIDS-related disorders, vascular
diseases, and erectile dysfunction.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the disorder is selected from the
group consisting of transplant-related disorders,
inflammatory-related disorders, AIDS-related disorders, vascular
diseases, and erectile dysfunction.
10. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the disorder is
selected from the group consisting of hypersensitivity, allergy,
arthritis, asthma, bee sting, animal bite, bronchospasm,
dysmenorrhea, esophageal spasm, glaucoma, premature labor, a
urinary tract disorder, inflammatory bowel disease, stroke,
erectile dysfunction, HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular disease,
gastrointestinal motility disorder, and psoriasis.
11. A method of artificially modifying an animal, comprising
administering to the animal's T-cells a compound as defined in
claim 1 or claim 2.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the animal is a mammal.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the animal is selected from the
group consisting of mouse, rat, rabbit, and guinea pig.
14. A method of treating a subject having a disorder ameliorated by
reducing PDE activity in appropriate cells, which comprises
administering to the subject a therapeutically effective dose of a
compound having the structure of Formula I wherein R.sub.4 is
C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl and X is O.
15. A method of treating a subject having a disorder ameliorated by
antagonizing Adenosine A2a receptors in appropriate cells in the
subject, which comprises administering to the subject a
therapeutically effective dose of a compound as defined in claim 1
or claim 2.
16. A method of preventing a disorder ameliorated by antagonizing
Adenosine A2a receptors in appropriate cells in the subject,
comprising administering to the subject a prophylactically
effective dose of a compound as defined in claim 1 or claim 2,
either preceding or subsequent to an event anticipated to cause a
disorder ameliorated by antagonizing Adenosine A2a receptors in
appropriate cells in the subject.
17. The method of claim 15 comprising administering to the subject
a therapeutically or prophylactically effective dose of a
pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound as defined in
claim 1 or claim 2 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
18. The method of claim 16 comprising administering to the subject
a therapeutically or prophylactically effective dose of the
pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as defined in
claim 1 or claim 2 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
19. The method of claim 15 or claim 17, wherein the disorder is a
neurodegenerative disorder or a movement disorder.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the disorder is selected from
the group consisting of Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease,
Multiple System Atrophy, Corticobasal Degeneration, Alzheimer's
Disease, and Senile Dementia.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein the disorder is a
neurodegenerative disorder or a movement disorder.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the disorder is selected from
the group consisting of Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease,
Multiple System Atrophy, Corticobasal Degeneration, Alzheimer's
Disease, and Senile Dementia.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional of co-pending application
Ser. No. 10/259,139, filed on Sep. 9, 2002, which is a
continuation-in-part of co-pending application Ser. No.10/123,389,
filed on Apr. 16, 2002, which claims the benefit of provisional
application Ser. No. 60/284,465 filed on Apr. 18, 2001, which are
incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates to novel arylindenopyridines and
their therapeutic and prophylactic uses. Disorders treated and/or
prevented using these compounds include neurodegenerative and
movement disorders ameliorated by antagonizing Adenosine A2a
receptors and inflammatory and AIDS-related disorders ameliorated
by inhibiting phosphodiesterace activity.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Adenosine A2a Receptors
[0003] Adenosine is a purine nucleotide produced by all
metabolically active cells within the body. Adenosine exerts its
effects via four subtypes of cell-surface receptors (A1, A2a, A2b
and A3), which belong to the G protein coupled receptor superfamily
(Stiles, G. L. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1992, 267, 6451).
A1 and A3 couple to inhibitory G protein, while A2a and A2b couple
to stimulatory G protein. A2a receptors are mainly found in the
brain, both in neurons and glial cells (highest level in the
striatum and nucleus accumbens, moderate to high level in olfactory
tubercle, hypothalamus, and hippocampus etc. regions) (Rosin, D.
L.; Robeva, A.; Woodard, R. L.; Guyenet, P. G.; Linden, J. Journal
of Comparative Neurology, 1998, 401, 163).
[0004] In peripheral tissues, A2a receptors are found in platelets,
neutrophils, vascular smooth muscle and endothelium (Gessi, S.;
Varani, K.; Merighi, S.; Ongini, E.; Borea, P. A. British Journal
of Pharmacology, 2000, 129, 2). The striatum is the main brain
region for the regulation of motor activity, particularly through
its innervation from dopaminergic neurons originating in the
substantia nigra. The striatum is the major target of the
dopaminergic neuron degeneration in patients with Parkinson's
Disease (PD). Within the striatum, A2a receptors are co-localized
with dopamine D2 receptors, suggesting an important site of for the
integration of adenosine and dopamine signaling in the brain (Fink,
J. S.; Weaver, D. R.; Rivkees, S. A.; Peterfreund, R. A.; Pollack,
A. E.; Adler, E. M.; Reppert, S. M. Brain Research Molecular Brain
Research, 1992, 14, 186).
[0005] Neurochemical studies have shown that activation of A2a
receptors reduces the binding affinity of D2 agonist to their
receptors. This D2R and A2aR receptor-receptor interaction has been
demonstrated in striatal membrane preparations of rats (Ferre, S.;
von Euler, G.; Johansson, B.; Fredholm, B. B.; Fuxe, K. Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America, 1991, 88, 7238) as well as in fibroblast cell lines after
transfected with A2aR and D2R cDNAs (Salim, H.; Ferre, S.; Dalal,
A.; Peterfreund, R. A.; Fuxe, K.; Vincent, J. D.; Lledo, P. M.
Journal of Neurochemistry, 2000, 74, 432). In vivo, pharmacological
blockade of A2a receptors using A2a antagonist leads to beneficial
effects in dopaminergic neurotoxin
MPTP(1-methyl-4-pheny-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced PD in
various species, including mice, rats, and monkeys (Ikeda, K.;
Kurokawa, M.; Aoyama, S.; Kuwana, Y. Journal of Neurochemistry,
2002, 80, 262). Furthermore, A2a knockout mice with genetic
blockade of A2a function have been found to be less sensitive to
motor impairment and neurochemical changes when they were exposed
to neurotoxin MPTP (Chen, J. F.; Xu, K.; Petzer, J. P.; Staal, R.;
Xu, Y. H.; Beilstein, M.; Sonsalla, P. K.; Castagnoli, K.;
Castagnoli, N., Jr.; Schwarzschild, M. A. Journal of Neuroscience,
2001, 21, RC143).
[0006] In humans, the adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline
has been found to produce beneficial effects in PD patients (Mally,
J.; Stone, T. W. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 1995, 132,
129). Consistently, recent epidemiological study has shown that
high caffeine consumption makes people less likely to develop PD
(Ascherio, A.; Zhang, S. M.; Hernan, M. A.; Kawachi, I.; Colditz,
G. A.; Speizer, F. E.; Willett, W. C. Annals of Neurology, 2001,
50, 56). In summary, adenosine A2a receptor blockers may provide a
new class of antiparkinsonian agents (Impagnatiello, F.; Bastia,
E.; Ongini, E.; Monopoli, A. Emerging Therapeutic Targets, 2000, 4,
635).
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
[0007] There are eleven known families of phosphodiesterases (PDE)
widely distributed in many cell types and tissues. In their
nomenclature, the number indicating the family is followed by a
capital letter that indicates a distinct gene. A PDE inhibitor
increases the concentration of cAMP in tissue cells, and hence, is
useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of various diseases caused
by the decrease in cAMP level which is induced by the abnormal
metabolism of cAMP. These diseases include conditions such as
hypersensitivity, allergy, arthritis, asthma, bee sting, animal
bite, bronchospasm, dysmenorrhea, esophageal spasm, glaucoma,
premature labor, a urinary tract disorder, inflammatory bowel
disease, stroke, erectile dysfunction, HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular
disease, gastrointestinal motility disorder, and psoriasis.
[0008] Among known phosphodiesterases today, PDE1 family are
activated by calcium-calmodulin; its members include PDE1A and
PDE1B, which preferentially hydrolyze cGMP, and PDE1C which
exhibits a high affinity for both cAMP and cGMP. PDE2 family is
characterized as being specifically stimulated by cGMP. PDE2A is
specifically inhibited by erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine
(EHNA). Enzymes in the PDE3 family (e.g. PDE3A, PDE3B) are
specifically inhibited by cGMP. PDE4 (e.g. PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4C,
PDE4D) is a cAMP specific PDE present in T-cells, which is involved
in inflammatory responses. A PDE3 and/or PDE4 inhibitor would be
predicted to have utility in the following disorders: autoimmune
disorders (e.g. arthritis), inflammatory bowel disease, bronchial
disorders (e.g. asthma), HIV/AIDS, and psoriasis. A PDE5 (e.g.
PDE5A) inhibitor would be useful for the treatment of the following
disorders: cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunction. The
photoreceptor PDE6 (e.g. PDE6A, PDE6B, PDE6C) enzymes specifically
hydrolyze cGMP. PDE8 family exhibits high affinity for hydrolysis
of both cAMP and cGMP but relatively low sensitivity to enzyme
inhibitors specific for other PDE families.
[0009] Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7A, PDE7B) is a cyclic nucleotide
phosphodiesterase that is specific for cyclic adenosine
monophosphate (cAMP). PDE7 catalyzes the conversion of cAMP to
adenosine monophosphate (AMP) by hydrolyzing the 3'-phosphodiester
bond of cAMP. By regulating this conversion, PDE7 allows for
non-uniform intracellular distribution of cAMP and thus controls
the activation of distinct kinase signalling pathways. PDE7A is
primarily expressed in T-cells, and it has been shown that
induction of PDE7A is required for T-cell activation (Li, L.; Yee,
C.; Beavo, J. A. Science 1999, 283, 848). Since PDE7A activation is
necessary for T-cell activation, small molecule inhibitors of PDE7
would be useful as immunosuppressants. An inhibitor of PDE7A would
be predicted to have immunosuppressive effects with utility in
therapeutic areas such as organ transplantation, autoimmune
disorders (e.g. arthritis), HIV/AIDS, inflammatory bowel disease,
asthma, allergies and psoriasis.
[0010] Few potent inhibitors of PDE7 have been reported. Most
inhibitors of other phosphodiesterases have IC.sub.50's for PDE7 in
the 100 .mu.M range. Recently, Martinez, et al. (J. Med. Chem.
2000, 43, 683) reported a series of PDE7 inhibitors, among which
the two best compounds have PDE7 IC.sub.50's of 8 and 13 .mu.M.
However, these compounds were only 2-3 times selective for PDE7
over PDE4 and PDE3.
[0011] Finally, the following compounds have been disclosed, and
some of them are reported to show antimicrobial activity against
strains such as Plasmodium falciparum, Candida albicans and
Staphylococcus aureus (Gorlitzer, K.; Herbig, S.; Walter, R. D.
Pharmazie 1997, 504): ##STR2##
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] This invention provides a compound having the structure of
Formula I ##STR3##
[0013] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
[0014] (a) R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of: [0015]
(i) --COR.sub.5, wherein R.sub.5 is selected from H, optionally
substituted C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl, optionally
substituted aryl and optionally substituted arylalkyl; [0016]
wherein the substituents on the alkyl, aryl and arylalkyl group are
selected from C.sub.1-8 alkoxy, phenylacetyloxy, hydroxy, halogen,
p-tosyloxy, mesyloxy, amino, cyano, carboalkoxy, or
NR.sub.20R.sub.21 wherein R.sub.20 and R.sub.21 are independently
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 straight
or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, benzyl, aryl, or
heteroaryl or NR.sub.20R.sub.21 taken together form a heterocycle
or heteroaryl; [0017] (ii) COOR.sub.6, wherein R.sub.6 is selected
from H, optionally substituted C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain
alkyl, optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted
arylalkyl; [0018] wherein the substituents on the alkyl, aryl and
arylalkyl group are selected from C.sub.1-8 alkoxy,
phenylacetyloxy, hydroxy, halogen, p-tosyloxy, mesyloxy, amino,
cyano, carboalkoxy, or NR.sub.20R.sub.21 wherein R.sub.20 and
R.sub.21 are independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.3-.sub.7 cycloalkyl, benzyl, aryl, or heteroaryl or
NR.sub.20R.sub.21 taken together form a heterocycle or heteroaryl;
[0019] (iii) cyano; [0020] (iv) a lactone or lactam formed with
R.sub.4; [0021] (v) --CONR.sub.7R.sub.8 wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8
are independently selected from H, C.sub.1-8 straight or branched
chain alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy,
alkoxy, acyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl
and heterocyclyl; [0022] wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy,
acyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and
heterocyclyl groups may be substituted with carboxyl, alkyl, aryl,
substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, substituted heterocyclyl,
heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxamic acid, sulfonamide,
sulfonyl, hydroxy, thiol, alkoxy or arylalkyl, [0023] or R.sub.7
and R.sub.8 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are
attached form a heterocycle or heteroaryl group; [0024] (vi) a
carboxylic ester or carboxylic acid bioisostere including
optionally substituted heteroaryl groups [0025] (b) R.sub.2 is
selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl,
optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl,
optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; [0026] (c) R.sub.3 is from one to four groups
independently selected from the group consisting of: [0027] (i)
hydrogen, halo, C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl,
arylalkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-8 alkoxy, cyano, C.sub.1-4
carboalkoxy, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-8 alkylsulfonyl, halogen,
nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, C.sub.1-8 carboxylate, aryl,
heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; [0028] (ii) --NR.sub.10R.sub.11
wherein R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are independently selected from H,
C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl, arylalkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl or
R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 taken together with the nitrogen form a
heteroaryl or heterocyclyl group; [0029] (iii)
--NR.sub.12COR.sub.13 wherein R.sub.12 is selected from hydrogen or
alkyl and R.sub.13 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted
alkyl, C.sub.1-3alkoxyl, carboxyalkyl, R.sub.30R.sub.31N
(CH.sub.2).sub.p--, R.sub.30R.sub.31NCO(CH.sub.2).sub.p--, aryl,
arylalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl or R.sub.12 and R.sub.13
taken together with the carbonyl form a carbonyl containing
heterocyclyl group, wherein, R.sub.30 and R.sub.31 are
independently selected from H, OH, alkyl, and alkoxy, and p is an
integer from 1-6, wherein the alkyl group may be substituted with
carboxyl, alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, substituted
heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxamic acid,
sulfonamide, sulfonyl, hydroxy, thiol, alkoxy or arylalkyl; [0030]
(d) R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of (i) hydrogen,
(ii) C.sub.1-3 straight or branched chain alkyl, (iii) benzyl and
(iv) --NR.sub.13R.sub.14, wherein R.sub.13 and R.sub.14 are
independently selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-6 alkyl; [0031]
wherein the C.sub.1-3alkyl and benzyl groups are optionally
substituted with one or more groups selected from C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-8 alkoxy, cyano, C.sub.1-4 carboalkoxy,
trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-8 alkylsulfonyl, halogen, nitro, hydroxy,
trifluoromethoxy, C.sub.1-8 carboxylate, amino, NR.sub.13R.sub.14,
aryl and heteroaryl; and [0032] (e) X is selected from S and O;
[0033] with the proviso that when R.sub.4 is isopropyl, then
R.sub.3 is not halogen.
[0034] In an alternative embodiment, the invention is directed to
compounds of Formula I wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as
described above and R.sub.2 is --NR.sub.15R.sub.16 wherein R.sub.15
and R.sub.16 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally
substituted C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl, arylalkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl or
R.sub.15 and R.sub.16 taken together with the nitrogen form a
heteroaryl or heterocyclyl group; with the proviso that when
R.sub.2 is NHR.sub.16, R.sub.1 is not --COOR.sub.6 where R.sub.6 is
ethyl.
[0035] This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
comprising the instant compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
[0036] This invention further provides a method of treating a
subject having a condition ameliorated by antagonizing Adenosine
A2a receptors or by reducing PDE activity in appropriate cells,
which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically
effective dose of the instant pharmaceutical composition.
[0037] This invention further provides a method of preventing a
disorder ameliorated by antagonizing Adenosine A2a receptors or by
reducing PDE activity in appropriate cells in a subject, comprising
administering to the subject a prophylactically effective dose of
the compound of claim 1 either preceding or subsequent to an event
anticipated to cause a disorder ameliorated by antagonizing
Adenosine A2a receptors or reducing PDE activity in appropriate
cells in the subject.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0038] Compounds of Formula 1 are potent small molecule antagonists
of the Adenosine A2a receptors that have demonstrated potency for
the antagonism of Adenosine A2a, A1, and A3 receptors.
[0039] Compounds of Formula I are also potent small molecule
phosphodiesterase inhibitors that have demonstrated potency for
inhibition of PDE7, PDE5, and PDE4. Some of the compounds of this
invention are potent small molecule PDE7 inhibitors which have also
demonstrated good selectivity against PDE5 and PDE4.
[0040] Preferred embodiments for R.sub.1 are COOR.sub.6, wherein
R.sub.6 is selected from H, optionally substituted C.sub.1-8
straight or branched chain alkyl, optionally substituted aryl and
optionally substituted arylalkyl. Preferably R.sub.6 is H, or
C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl which may be optionally
substituted with a substituent selected from CN and hydroxy.
[0041] Preferred embodiments for R.sub.2 are optionally substituted
heterocycle, optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted
heteroaryl. Preferred substituents are from one to three members
selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkoxy,
alkoxyphenyl, halo, triflouromethyl, trifluoro or difluoromethoxy,
amino, alkylamino, hydroxy, cyano, and nitro. Preferably, R.sub.2
is optionally substituted furan, phenyl or napthyl or R.sub.2 is
##STR4## optionally substituted with from one to three members
selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, hydroxy,
cyano, and nitro. In another embodiment of the instant compound,
R.sub.2 is --NR.sub.15R.sub.16.
[0042] Preferred substituents for R.sub.3 include: [0043] (i)
hydrogen, halo, C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.1-8 alkoxy, cyano, C.sub.1-4 carboalkoxy, trifluoromethyl,
C.sub.1-8 alkylsulfonyl, halogen, nitro, and hydroxy; [0044] (ii)
--NR.sub.10R.sub.11 wherein R.sub.10and R.sub.11 are independently
selected from H, C.sub.1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl,
arylC.sub.1-8alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, carboxyC.sub.1-8alkyl,
aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl or R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 taken
together with the nitrogen form a heteroaryl or heterocyclyl group;
[0045] (iii) --NR.sub.12COR.sub.13 wherein R.sub.12 is selected
from hydrogen or alkyl and R.sub.13 is selected from hydrogen,
alkyl, substituted alkyl, C.sub.1-3alkoxyl, carboxyC.sub.1-8alkyl,
aryl, arylalkyl, R.sub.30R.sub.31N (CH.sub.2).sub.p--,
R.sub.30R.sub.31NCO(CH.sub.2).sub.p--, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl
or R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 taken together with the carbonyl form a
carbonyl containing heterocyclyl group, wherein , R.sub.30 and
R.sub.31 are independently selected from H, OH, alkyl, and alkoxy,
and p is an integer from 1-6.
[0046] Particularly, R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting
of ##STR5##
[0047] Preferred embodiments for R.sub.4 include hydrogen,
C.sub.1-3 straight or branched chain alkyl, particularly methyl,
amine and amino.
[0048] In a further embodiment of the instant compound, R.sub.1 is
COOR.sub.6 and R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of
substituted phenyl, and substituted naphthyl or R.sub.2 is
NR.sub.15R.sub.16.
[0049] More particularly, R.sub.1 is COOR.sub.6 where R.sub.6 is
alkyl, R.sub.2 is substituted phenyl or naphthyl or R.sub.2 is
NR.sub.15R.sub.16, and R.sub.3 is selected from the group
consisting of H, nitro, amino, NHAc, halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, or a
moiety of the formulae: ##STR6## , alkyl(CO)NH--, and R.sub.4 is
selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-3 straight or branched chain alkyl,
particularly methyl, and amino.
[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the compound is selected from the
group of compounds shown in Table 1 hereinafter.
[0051] More preferably, the compound is selected from the following
compounds: ##STR7##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
2-amino-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxo-, ethyl ester
[0052] ##STR8##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(6-bromo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, ethyl ester
[0053] ##STR9##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
7-amino-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, ethyl ester
[0054] ##STR10##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(6-bromo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, methyl ester
[0055] ##STR11##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, methyl ester
[0056] ##STR12##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
8-(acetylamino)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, ethyl
ester
[0057] ##STR13##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
2-methyl-4-(3-methylphenyl)-5-oxo-, methyl ester
[0058] ##STR14##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
7-amino-4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, methyl ester
[0059] ##STR15##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
7-amino-2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-5-oxo-, methyl
ester
[0060] ##STR16##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-8-nitro-5-oxo-, methyl
ester
[0061] ##STR17##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
7,8-dichloro-4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-,
methyl ester
[0062] ##STR18##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
7-bromo-4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, methyl
ester
[0063] ##STR19##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
8-bromo-4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, methyl
ester
[0064] ##STR20##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
8-[(3-carboxy-1-oxopropyl)amino]-4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-,
methyl ester
[0065] ##STR21##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
8-[(3-carboxy-1-oxopropyl)amino]-2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-5-o-
xo-, methyl ester
[0066] ##STR22##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-[[4-(hydroxyamino)-1,4-dioxobutyl]amino]-2-methy-
l-5-oxo-, methyl ester
[0067] ##STR23##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-[[[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-2-methyl--
5-oxo-, methyl ester
[0068] ##STR24##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
8-[(4-carboxy-1-oxobutyl)amino]-4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-,
methyl ester
[0069] ##STR25##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-[[[(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino]acetyl]amino]-2-m-
ethyl-5-oxo-, methyl ester
[0070] ##STR26##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-8-[(4-morpholinylacetyl)amino]-5-oxo-,
methyl ester
[0071] ##STR27##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-8-[(1-piperazinylacetyl)amino]-,
methyl ester
[0072] ##STR28##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-phenyl-2-amino-5-oxo-, ethyl ester
[0073] ##STR29##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, methyl ester
[0074] ##STR30##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(3-bromophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, methyl ester
[0075] ##STR31##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(3-bromophenylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxo-, methyl ester
[0076] ##STR32##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-phenyl-2-amino-5-oxo-, methyl ester
[0077] ##STR33##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(2-furyl)-2-amino-5-oxo-, methyl ester
[0078] ##STR34##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(3-furyl)-2-amino-5-oxo-, methyl ester
[0079] ##STR35##
5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid,
4-(2-furyl)-2-amino-5-oxo-, ethyl ester
[0080] The instant compounds can be isolated and used as free
bases. They can also be isolated and used as pharmaceutically
acceptable salts. Examples of such salts include hydrobromic,
hydroiodic, hydrochloric, perchloric, sulfuric, maleic, fumaric,
malic, tartaric, citric, benzoic, mandelic, methanesulfonic,
hydroethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, oxalic, palmoic,
2-naphthalenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, cyclohexanesulfamic and
saccharic.
[0081] This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
comprising the instant compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
[0082] Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are well known to those
skilled in the art and include, but are not limited to, from about
0.01 to about 0.1 M and preferably 0.05 M phosphate buffer or 0.8%
saline. Such pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be aqueous or
non-aqueous solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Examples of
non-aqueous solvents are propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol,
vegetable oils such as olive oil, and injectable organic esters
such as ethyl oleate. Aqueous carriers include water, ethanol,
alcoholic/aqueous solutions, glycerol, emulsions or suspensions,
including saline and buffered media. Oral carriers can be elixirs,
syrups, capsules, tablets and the like. The typical solid carrier
is an inert substance such as lactose, starch, glucose,
methyl-cellulose, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate, mannitol
and the like. Parenteral carriers include sodium chloride solution,
Ringer's dextrose, dextrose and sodium chloride, lactated Ringer's
and fixed oils. Intravenous carriers include fluid and nutrient
replenishers, electrolyte replenishers such as those based on
Ringer's dextrose and the like. Preservatives and other additives
can also be present, such as, for example, antimicrobials,
antioxidants, chelating agents, inert gases and the like. All
carriers can be mixed as needed with disintegrants, diluents,
granulating agents, lubricants, binders and the like using
conventional techniques known in the art.
[0083] This invention further provides a method of treating a
subject having a condition ameliorated by antagonizing Adenosine
A2a receptors or by reducing PDE activity in appropriate cells,
which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically
effective dose of the instant pharmaceutical composition.
[0084] In one embodiment, the disorder is a neurodegenerative or
movement disorder. In another embodiment, the disorder is an
inflammatory disorder. In still another embodiment, the disorder is
an AIDS-related disorder. Examples of disorders treatable by the
instant pharmaceutical composition include, without limitation,
Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Multiple System Atrophy,
Corticobasal Degeneration, Alzheimer's Disease, Senile Dementia,
organ transplantation, autoimmune disorders (e.g. arthritis),
immune challenge such as a bee sting, inflammatory bowel disease,
bronchial disorders (e.g. asthma), HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular
disorder, erectile dysfunction, allergies, and psoriasis.
[0085] In one preferred embodiment, the disorder is rheumatoid
arthritis.
[0086] In another preferred embodiment, the disorder is Parkinson's
disease.
[0087] As used herein, the term "subject" includes, without
limitation, any animal or artificially modified animal having a
disorder ameliorated by reducing PDE activity in appropriate cells.
In a preferred embodiment, the subject is a human. In a more
preferred embodiment, the subject is a human.
[0088] As used herein, "appropriate cells" include, by way of
example, cells which display PDE activity. Specific examples of
appropriate cells include, without limitation, T-lymphocytes,
muscle cells, neuro cells, adipose tissue cells, monocytes,
macrophages, fibroblasts.
[0089] Administering the instant pharmaceutical composition can be
effected or performed using any of the various methods known to
those skilled in the art. The instant compounds can be
administered, for example, intravenously, intramuscularly, orally
and subcutaneously. In the preferred embodiment, the instant
pharmaceutical composition is administered orally. Additionally,
administration can comprise giving the subject a plurality of
dosages over a suitable period of time. Such administration
regimens can be determined according to routine methods.
[0090] As used herein, a "therapeutically effective dose" of a
pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to stop, reverse
or reduce the progression of a disorder. A "prophylactically
effective dose" of a pharmaceutical composition is an amount
sufficient to prevent a disorder, i.e., eliminate, ameliorate
and/or delay the disorder's onset. Methods are known in the art for
determining therapeutically and prophylactically effective doses
for the instant pharmaceutical composition. The effective dose for
administering the pharmaceutical composition to a human, for
example, can be determined mathematically from the results of
animal studies.
[0091] In one embodiment, the therapeutically and/or
prophylactically effective dose is a dose sufficient to deliver
from about 0.001 mg/kg of body weight to about 200 mg/kg of body
weight of the instant pharmaceutical composition. In another
embodiment, the therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective
dose is a dose sufficient to deliver from about 0.05 mg/kg of body
weight to about 50 mg/kg of body weight. More specifically, in one
embodiment, oral doses range from about 0.05 mg/kg to about 100
mg/kg daily. In another embodiment, oral doses range from about
0.05 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg daily, and in a further embodiment,
from about 0.05 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg daily. In yet another
embodiment, infusion doses range from about 1.0 .mu.g/kg/min to
about 10 mg/kg/min of inhibitor, admixed with a pharmaceutical
carrier over a period ranging from about several minutes to about
several days. In a further embodiment, for topical administration,
the instant compound can be combined with a pharmaceutical carrier
at a drug/carrier ratio of from about 0.001 to about 0.1.
[0092] This invention still further provides a method of preventing
an inflammatory response in a subject, comprising administering to
the subject a prophylactically effective amount of the instant
pharmaceutical composition either preceding or subsequent to an
event anticipated to cause the inflammatory response in the
subject. In the preferred embodiment, the event is an insect sting
or an animal bite.
Definitions and Nomenclature
[0093] Unless otherwise noted, under standard nomenclature used
throughout this disclosure the terminal portion of the designated
side chain is described first, followed by the adjacent
functionality toward the point of attachment.
[0094] As used herein, the following chemical terms shall have the
meanings as set forth in the following paragraphs: "independently",
when in reference to chemical substituents, shall mean that when
more than one substituent exists, the substituents may be the same
or different.
[0095] "Alkyl" shall mean straight, cyclic and branched-chain
alkyl. Unless otherwise stated, the alkyl group will contain 1-20
carbon atoms. Unless otherwise stated, the alkyl group may be
optionally substituted with one or more groups such as halogen, OH,
CN, mercapto, nitro, amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkoxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkylthio,
C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl-amino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl)amino,
(mono-, di-, tri-, and per-) halo-alkyl, formyl, carboxy,
alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl-CO--O--,
C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl-CO--NH--, carboxamide, hydroxamic acid,
sulfonamide, sulfonyl, thiol, aryl, aryl(c.sub.1-c.sub.8)alkyl,
heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl.
[0096] "Alkoxy" shall mean --O-alkyl and unless otherwise stated,
it will have 1-8 carbon atoms.
[0097] The term "bioisostere" is defined as "groups or molecules
which have chemical and physical properties producing broadly
similar biological properties." (Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and
Drug Discovery, M. E. Wolff, ed. Fifth Edition, Vol. 1, 1995, Pg.
785).
[0098] "Halogen" shall mean fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine;
"PH" or "Ph" shall mean phenyl; "Ac" shall mean acyl; "Bn" shall
mean benzyl.
[0099] The term "acyl" as used herein, whether used alone or as
part of a substituent group, means an organic radical having 2 to 6
carbon atoms (branched or straight chain) derived from an organic
acid by removal of the hydroxyl group. The term "Ac" as used
herein, whether used alone or as part of a substituent group, means
acetyl.
[0100] "Aryl" or "Ar," whether used alone or as part of a
substituent group, is a carbocyclic aromatic radical including, but
not limited to, phenyl, 1- or 2-naphthyl and the like. The
carbocyclic aromatic radical may be substituted by independent
replacement of 1 to 5 of the hydrogen atoms thereon with halogen,
OH, CN, mercapto, nitro, amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkoxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkylthio,
C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl-amino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl)amino,
(mono-, di-, tri-, and per-) halo-alkyl, formyl, carboxy,
alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl-CO--O--,
C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl-CO--NH--, or carboxamide. Illustrative aryl
radicals include, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl,
fluorophenyl, difluorophenyl, benzyl, benzoyloxyphenyl,
carboethoxyphenyl, acetylphenyl, ethoxyphenyl, phenoxyphenyl,
hydroxyphenyl, carboxyphenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl,
methoxyethylphenyl, acetamidophenyl, tolyl, xylyl,
dimethylcarbamylphenyl and the like. "Ph" or "PH" denotes
phenyl.
[0101] Whether used alone or as part of a substituent group,
"heteroaryl" refers to a cyclic, fully unsaturated radical having
from five to ten ring atoms of which one ring atom is selected from
S, O, and N; 0-2 ring atoms are additional heteroatoms
independently selected from S, O, and N; and the remaining ring
atoms are carbon. The radical may be joined to the rest of the
molecule via any of the ring atoms. Exemplary heteroaryl groups
include, for example, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl,
pyridazinyl, pyrroyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl,
isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, oxadiazolyl,
thienyl, furanyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, isothiazolyl,
2-oxazepinyl, azepinyl, N-oxo-pyridyl, 1-dioxothienyl,
benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl-N-oxide,
benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl,
benzodiazinyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiopyranyl, indazolyl,
indolizinyl, benzofuryl, chromonyl, coumarinyl, cinnolinyl,
quinoxalinyl, indazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, furopyridinyl (such as
furo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, furo[3,2-b]pyridinyl, or
furo[2,3-b]pyridinyl), imidazopyridinyl (such as
imidazo[4,5-b]pyridinyl or imidazo[4,5-c]pyridinyl),
naphthyridinyl, phthalazinyl, purinyl, pyridopyridyl, quinazolinyl,
thienofuryl, thienopyridyl, thienothienyl, and furyl. The
heteroaryl group may be substituted by independent replacement of 1
to 5 of the hydrogen atoms thereon with halogen, OH, CN, mercapto,
nitro, amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkoxyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl-amino,
di(C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl)amino, (mono-, di-, tri-, and per-)
halo-alkyl, formyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl-CO--O--, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl-CO--NH--, or
carboxamide. Heteroaryl may be substituted with a mono-oxo to give
for example a 4-oxo-1H-quinoline.
[0102] The terms "heterocycle," "heterocyclic," and "heterocycle"
refer to an optionally substituted, fully or partially saturated
cyclic group which is, for example, a 4- to 7-membered monocyclic,
7- to 11 -membered bicyclic, or 10- to 15-membered tricyclic ring
system, which has at least one heteroatom in at least one carbon
atom containing ring. Each ring of the heterocyclic group
containing a heteroatom may have 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms selected
from nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and sulfur atoms, where the
nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may also optionally be oxidized.
The nitrogen atoms may optionally be quaternized. The heterocyclic
group may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom.
[0103] Exemplary monocyclic heterocyclic groups include
pyrrolidinyl; oxetanyl; pyrazolinyl; imidazolinyl; imidazolidinyl;
oxazolyl; oxazolidinyl; isoxazolinyl; thiazolidinyl;
isothiazolidinyl; tetrahydrofuryl; piperidinyl; piperazinyl;
2-oxopiperazinyl; 2-oxopiperidinyl; 2-oxopyrrolidinyl;
4-piperidonyl; tetrahydropyranyl; tetrahydrothiopyranyl;
tetrahydrothiopyranyl sulfone; morpholinyl; thiomorpholinyl;
thiomorpholinyl sulfoxide; thiomorpholinyl sulfone; 1,3-dioxolane;
dioxanyl; thietanyl; thiiranyl; and the like. Exemplary bicyclic
heterocyclic groups include quinuclidinyl; tetrahydroisoquinolinyl;
dihydroisoindolyl; dihydroquinazolinyl (such as
3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinazolinyl); dihydrobenzofuryl;
dihydrobenzothienyl; dihydrobenzothiopyranyl;
dihydrobenzothiopyranyl sulfone; dihydrobenzopyranyl; indolinyl;
isochromanyl; isoindolinyl; piperonyl; tetrahydroquinolinyl; and
the like.
[0104] Substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, and substituted
heterocycle may also be substituted with a second substituted-aryl,
a second substituted-heteroaryl, or a second
substituted-heterocycle to give, for example, a
4-pyrazol-1-yl-phenyl or 4-pyridin-2-yl-phenyl.
[0105] Designated numbers of carbon atoms (e.g., C.sub.1-8) shall
refer independently to the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl or
cycloalkyl moiety or to the alkyl portion of a larger substituent
in which alkyl appears as its prefix root.
[0106] Unless specified otherwise, it is intended that the
definition of any substituent or variable at a particular location
in a molecule be independent of its definitions elsewhere in that
molecule. It is understood that substituents and substitution
patterns on the compounds of this invention can be selected by one
of ordinary skill in the art to provide compounds that are
chemically stable and that can be readily synthesized by techniques
known in the art as well as those methods set forth herein.
[0107] Where the compounds according to this invention have at
least one stereogenic center, they may accordingly exist as
enantiomers. Where the compounds possess two or more stereogenic
centers, they may additionally exist as diastereomers. Furthermore,
some of the crystalline forms for the compounds may exist as
polymorphs and as such are intended to be included in the present
invention. In addition, some of the compounds may form solvates
with water (i.e., hydrates) or common organic solvents, and such
solvates are also intended to be encompassed within the scope of
this invention.
[0108] Some of the compounds of the present invention may have
trans and cis isomers. In addition, where the processes for the
preparation of the compounds according to the invention give rise
to mixture of stereoisomers, these isomers may be separated by
conventional techniques such as preparative chromatography. The
compounds may be prepared as a single stereoisomer or in racemic
form as a mixture of some possible stereoisomers. The non-racemic
forms may be obtained by either synthesis or resolution. The
compounds may, for example, be resolved into their components
enantiomers by standard techniques, such as the formation of
diastereomeric pairs by salt formation. The compounds may also be
resolved by covalent linkage to a chiral auxiliary, followed by
chromatographic separation and/or crystallographic separation, and
removal of the chiral auxiliary. Alternatively, the compounds may
be resolved using chiral chromatography.
[0109] This invention will be better understood by reference to the
Experimental Details which follow, but those skilled in the art
will readily appreciate that these are only illustrative of the
invention as described more fully in the claims which follow
thereafter. Additionally, throughout this application, various
publications are cited. The disclosure of these publications is
hereby incorporated by reference into this application to describe
more fully the state of the art to which this invention
pertains.
Experimental Details
I. General Synthetic Schemes
[0110] Representative compounds of the present invention can be
synthesized in accordance with the general synthetic methods
described below and illustrated in the following general schemes.
The products of some schemes can be used as intermediates to
produce more than one of the instant compounds. The choice of
intermediates to be used to produce subsequent compounds of the
present invention is a matter of discretion that is well within the
capabilities of those skilled in the art. ##STR36##
[0111] Procedures described in Scheme 1, wherein R.sub.3a,
R.sub.3b, R.sub.3c, and R.sub.3d are independently any R.sub.3
group, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are as described
above, can be used to prepare compounds of the invention wherein X
is O.
[0112] Benzylidenes 2 may be obtained by known methods (Bullington,
J. L; Cameron, J. C.; Davis, J. E.; Dodd, J. H.; Harris, C. A.;
Henry, J. R.; Pellegrino-Gensey, J. L.; Rupert, K. C.; Siekierka,
J. J. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1998, 8, 2489; Petrow, V.; Saper,
J.; Sturgeon, B. J. Chem. Soc. 1949, 2134). Hantzsch reaction of
the benzylidene compounds with enamines 3 can be performed in
refluxing acetic acid (Petrow et al., supra). When the desired
enamines are not available, alternate Hantzsch conditions may be
utilized which involve adding ammonium acetate to the reaction. The
resulting dihydropyridines 4 are oxidized with chromium trioxide to
obtain the desired pyridines 1 (Petrow et al., supra). In cases
where the substitution pattern on the fused aromatic ring (R.sub.3)
leads to a mixture of regioisomers, the products can be separated
by column chromatography.
[0113] In some cases, especially where R.sub.2 is an alkyl group,
another modification of the Hantzsch may be performed which uses
three components (Bocker, R. H.; Buengerich, P. J. Med. Chem. 1986,
29, 1596). Where R.sub.2 is an alkyl group it is also necessary to
perform the oxidation with DDQ or MnO.sub.2 instead of chromium
(VI) oxide (Vanden Eynde, J. J.; Delfosse, F.; Mayence, A.; Van
Haverbeke, Y. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 6511). ##STR37##
[0114] In order to obtain the corresponding carboxylic acids and
amides, the cyanoethyl esters 5 are prepared as described above.
The esters are converted to the carboxylic acids by treatment with
sodium hydroxide in acetone and water (Ogawa, T.; Matsumoto, K.;
Yokoo, C.; Hatayama, K.; Kitamura, K. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans.
1 1993, 525). The corresponding amides can then be obtained from
the acids using standard means. ##STR38##
[0115] The procedure for making compounds where R.sub.4 is NH.sub.2
may be slightly modified. These compounds are prepared in one step
from the benzylidenes 2 and alkyl amidinoacetate (Kobayashi, T.;
Inoue, T.; Kita, Z.; Yoshiya, H.; Nishino, S.; Oizumi, K.; Kimura,
T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1995, 43, 788) as depicted in Scheme 4
wherein R is R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 as described above. ##STR39##
[0116] The dihydropyridine lactones 9 can be synthesized from
benzylidenes 8 (Zimmer, H.; Hillstrom, W. W.; Schmidt, J. C.;
Seemuth, P. D.; Vogeli, R. J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 1541) and
1,3-indanedione, as shown in Scheme 5, and the corresponding
pyridine is then obtained by oxidation with manganese dioxide.
##STR40##
[0117] Representative schemes to modify substituents on the fused
aromatic ring are shown below. The amines 11 are obtained from the
corresponding nitro compounds 10 by reduction with tin (II)
chloride (Scheme 6). Reaction of the amines with acetyl chloride
provide the amides 12. ##STR41##
[0118] In accordance with Scheme 7 wherein Y is O, and n is an
integer from 1-3, an alkyl chain with a carboxylic acid at the
terminal end can also be added to the amines 11. For example,
reaction with either succinic anhydride (Omuaru, V. O. T.; Indian
J. Chem., Sect B. 1998, 37, 814) or .beta.-propiolactone (Bradley,
G.; Clark, J.; Kernick, W. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1972,
2019) can provide the corresponding carboxylic acids 13. These
carboxylic acids are then converted to the hydroxamic acids 14 by
treatment with ethyl chloroformate and hydroxylamine (Reddy, A. S.;
Kumar, M. S.; Reddy, G. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 6285).
##STR42##
[0119] The amines 11 can also be treated with glycolic acid to
afford alcohols 15 (Jursic, B. S.; Zdravkovski, Z. Synthetic Comm.
1993, 23, 2761) as shown in Scheme 8. ##STR43##
[0120] As shown in Scheme 9, the aminoindenopyridines 11 may also
be treated with chloroacetylchloride followed by amines to provide
the more elaborate amines 16 (Weissman, S. A.; Lewis, S.; Askin,
D.; Volante, R. P.; Reider, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39,
7459). Where R.sub.6 is a hydroxyethyl group, the compounds can be
further converted to piperazinones 17. ##STR44##
[0121] The 4-aminoindenopyridines 19 can be synthesized from the
4-chloroindenopyridines 18 using a known procedure (Gorlitzer, K.;
Herbig, S.; Walter, R. D. Pharmazie 1997, 504) or via palladium
catalyzed coupling (Scheme 10). ##STR45##
[0122] Cyanoesters 20 can be prepared by known methods (Lee, J.;
Gauthier, D.; Rivero, R. A. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3060). Reaction
of 20 with enaminone 21 (Iida, H.; Yuasa, Y.; Kibayashi, C. J. Org.
Chem. 1979, 44, 1074) in refluxing 1-propanol and triethylamine
gave dihydropyridine 22, wherein R is R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 as
described above, (Youssif, S.; El-Bahaie, S.; Nabih, E. J. Chem.
Res. (S) 1999, 112 and Bhuyan, P.; Borush, R. C.; Sandhu, J. S. J.
Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 568), which can then be oxidized and
subsequently deprotected to give pyridine 23. ##STR46## II.
Specific Compound Syntheses
[0123] Specific compounds which are representative of this
invention can be prepared as per the following examples. No attempt
has been made to optimize the yields obtained in these reactions.
Based on the following, however, one skilled in the art would know
how to increase yields through routine variations in reaction
times, temperatures, solvents and/or reagents.
[0124] The products of certain syntheses can be used as
intermediates to produce more than one of the instant compounds. In
those cases, the choice of intermediates to be used to produce
compounds of the present invention is a matter of discretion that
is well within the capabilities of those skilled in the art.
EXAMPLE 1
Hantzsch Condensation to Form Dihydropyridine 4
(R.sub.1=COOMe; R.sub.2=3,5-dimethylphenyl; R.sub.3b,c=Cl;
R.sub.3a,b=H; R.sub.4=Me)
[0125] To a refluxing solution of benzylidene 2 (0.500 g, 1.5 mmol)
in acetic acid (10 mL) was added methyl-3-aminocrotonate (0.695 g,
6.0 mmol). The reaction was heated to reflux for 20 minutes, then
water was added until a precipitate started to form. The reaction
was cooled to room temperature. The mixture was filtered and washed
with water to obtain 0.354 g (55%) of a red solid. MS m/z 450
(M.sup.++23), 428 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 2
Alternate Hantzsch Conditions to Form Dihydropyridine 4
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.2=2,4-dimethylphenyl; R.sub.3=H;
R.sub.4=Et)
[0126] To a refluxing solution of benzylidene 2 (1.00 g, 3.82 mmol)
in acetic acid (12 Ml) was added methyl propionylacetate (1.98 g,
15.2 mmol) and ammonium acetate (1.17 g, 15.2 mmol). The reaction
was heated for 20 min and then cooled to room temperature. No
product precipitated from the solution, so the reaction was heated
to reflux and then water was added until a solid began to
precipitate. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was
filtered and the red solid washed with water to yield 1.29 g (90%)
of product. MS m/z 396 (M.sup.++23), 374 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 3
Oxidation of Dihydropyridine 4 to Pyridine 1
(R.sub.1=COOMe; R.sub.2=3,5-dimethylphenyl; R.sub.3b,c=Cl;
R.sub.3a,d=H; R.sub.4=Me)
[0127] To a refluxing solution of dihydropyridine 4 (0.250 g, 0.58
mmol) in acetic acid (10 mL) was added a solution of chromium (VI)
oxide (0.584 g, 0.58 mmol) in 1 mL water. After 30 minutes at
reflux, the reaction was diluted with water until a precipitate
started to form. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and
allowed to stand overnight. The mixture was filtered and washed
with water to give 0.199 g (81%) of a yellow solid. MS m/z 448
(M.sup.++23), 426 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 4
Oxidation of Dihydropyridine 4 to Pyridine 1
(R.sub.1=COOMe; R.sub.2=(4-methyl)-1-naphthyl; R.sub.3b,c=H,
NO.sub.2/NO.sub.2, H; R=Me)
[0128] To a refluxing suspension of regioisomeric dihydropyridines
4 (3.59 g, 8.16 mmol) in acetic acid (40 mL) was added a solution
of chromium (VI) oxide (0.816 g, 8.16 mmol) in 3 mL water. After 20
minutes at reflux, the reaction was diluted with water until a
precipitate started to form. The mixture was cooled to room
temperature and allowed to stand overnight. The mixture was
filtered and washed with water to yield the mixture of regioisomers
as a yellow solid. The products were purified by column
chromatography eluting with hexanes:ethyl acetate to yield 1.303 g
(37%) of pyridine 1 (R.sub.3b=NO.sub.2; R.sub.3c=H) and 0.765 g
(21%) of its regioisomer (R.sub.3b=H: R.sub.3c=NO.sub.2). MS m/z
461 (M.sup.++23), 439 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 5
Alternate Three Component Hantzsch Reaction to Form Dihydropyridine
4
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.2=cyclohexyl; R.sub.3=H; R.sub.4=Me)
[0129] Cyclohexane carboxaldehyde (2.0 g, 17.8 mmol),
1,3-indandione (2.6 g, 17.8 mmol), methylacetoacetate (2.0 g, 17.8
mmol), and ammonium hydroxide (1 mL) were refluxed in 8 mL of
methanol for 1.5 hours. The temperature was lowered to
approximately 50.degree. C. and the reaction was stirred overnight.
The reaction was cooled to room temperature, filtered and the solid
washed with water. The residue was then dissolved in hot ethanol
and filtered while hot. The filtrate was concentrated to yield 4.1
g (68%) of the product which was used without purification. MS m/z
336 (M.sup.--1).
EXAMPLE 6
DDQ Oxidation of Dihydropyridine 4
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.2=cyclohexyl; R.sub.3=H; R.sub.4=Me)
[0130] To a solution of dihydropyridine 4 (2.50 g, 7.40 mmol) in 15
mL of dichloromethane was added
2,3-dichloro-3,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (1.70 g, 7.40 mmol). The
reaction was stirred at room temperature for four hours. The
mixture was filtered and the residue was washed with
dichloromethane. After the filtrate was concentrated, the residue
was purified by column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate:
hexanes to yield 0.565 g (23%) of a yellow solid. MS m/z 358
(M.sup.++23), 336 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 7
MnO.sub.2 Oxidation of Dihydropyridine 4
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.2=4-(dimethylamino)phenyl; R.sub.3=H;
R.sub.4=Me)
[0131] To a solution of dihydropyridine 4 (0.50 g, 1.3 mmol) in 10
mL of dichloromethane was added manganese dioxide (2.5 g, 28.7
mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight
before filtering and washing with dichloromethane. The filtrate was
concentrated to yield 0.43 g (88%) of orange solid 1. MS m/z 395
(M.sup.++23), 373 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 8
Cleavage of Carboxylic Ester 5
(R.sub.2=2,4-dimethylphenyl; R.sub.3=H; R.sub.4=Me)
[0132] To a suspension of ester 5 (2.75 g, 6.94 mmol) in acetone
(50 mL) was added aqueous 1 M NaOH (100 mL). After stirring at room
temperature for 24 hours, the reaction mixture was diluted with 100
mL of water and washed with dichloromethane (2.times.100 mL). The
aqueous layer was cooled to 0.degree. C. and acidified with
concentrated HCl. The mixture was filtered and washed with water to
yield 1.84 g (77%) yellow solid 6. MS m/z 366 (M.sup.++23), 343
(M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 9
Preparation of Amide 7
(R.sub.2=2,4-dimethylphenyl; R.sub.3=H; R.sub.4=Me; R.sub.5=H;
R.sub.6=Me)
[0133] A solution of carboxylic acid 6 (0.337 g, 0.98 mmol) in
thionyl chloride (10 mL) was heated at reflux for 1 hour. The
solution was cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was
diluted with CCl.sub.4 and concentrated to remove the residual
thionyl chloride. The residue was then dissolved in THF (3.5 mL)
and added to a 0.degree. C. solution of methylamine (1.47 mL of 2.0
M solution in THF, 2.94 mmol) in 6.5 mL THF. The reaction was
warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The mixture was
poured into water, filtered, washed with water and dried to yield
0.263 g (75%) of tan solid. MS m/z 357 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 10
Preparation of Pyridine 1
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Et; R.sub.2=4-nitrophenyl; R.sub.3=H;
R.sub.4=NH.sub.2)
[0134] To a refluxing solution of benzylidene 2 (1.05 g, 3.76 mmol)
in 10 mL of acetic acid was added ethyl amidinoacetate acetic acid
salt (0.720 g, 3.76 mmol). The resulting solution was heated at
reflux overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the resulting
precipitate was removed by filtration and washed with water. This
impure residue was heated in a minimal amount of ethanol and then
filtered to yield 0.527 g (35%) of a yellow solid. MS m/z 412
(M.sup.++23), 390 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 11
Hantzsch Condensation of Benzylidene 8
(R.sub.2=3-methylphenyl) and 1,3-indandione)
[0135] The benzylidene 8 (2.00 g, 9.2 mmol), 1,3-indandione (1.34
g, 0.2 mmmol) and ammonium acetate (2.83 g, 36.7 mmol) were added
to 30 mL of ethanol and heated to reflux overnight. The reaction
mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with ethanol. A
yellow precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with
ethanol, and dried under vacuum to yield 1.98 g (63%) of the
dihydropyridine 9. MS m/z 346 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 12
Reduction to Prepare Amine 11
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.2=4-methylnaphthyl; R.sub.4=Me)
[0136] To a refluxing suspension of pyridine 10 (0.862 g, 1.97
mmol) in 35 mL of ethanol was added a solution of tin (II) chloride
dihydrate (1.33 g, 5.90 mmol) in 6 mL of 1:1 ethanol: concentrated
HCl. The resulting solution was heated at reflux overnight. Water
was added until a precipitate started to form and the reaction was
cooled to room temperature. The mixture was then filtered and
washed with water. After drying, the residue was purified by column
chromatography eluting with hexanes: ethyl acetate to yield 0.551 g
(69%) of an orange solid. MS m/z 431 (M.sup.++23), 409
(M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 13
Acetylation of Amine 11
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Et; R.sub.2=3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl;
R.sub.4=Me)
[0137] To a solution of amine 11 (0.070 g, 0.174 mmol) in 15 mL of
dichloromethane was added triethylamine (0.026 g, 0.261 mmol) and
acetyl chloride (0.015 g, 0.192 mmol). After stirring overnight at
room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and
then extracted with dichloromethane (3.times.35 mL). The combined
organics were washed with brine, dried over MgSO.sub.4, and
concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography
eluting with hexanes: ethyl acetate to yield 0.054 g (70%) of amide
12. MS m/z 467 (M.sup.++23), 445 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 14
Preparation of Carboxylic Acid 13
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.2=3,5-dimethylphenyl; R.sub.4=Me; Y=O;
n=2).
[0138] To a suspension of amine 11 (0.079 g, 0.212 mmol) in 5 mL of
benzene was added succinic anhydride (0.021 g, 0.212 mmol). After
heating at reflux for 24 hours, the reaction mixture was filtered
and washed with benzene. The residue was dried under high vacuum
and then washed with ether to remove the excess succinic anhydride.
This yielded 0.063 g (63%) of carboxylic acid 13. MS m/z 473
(M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 15
Preparation of Carboxylic Acid 13
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.2=3,5-dimethylphenyl; R.sub.4=Me;
Y=H.sub.2; n=1)
[0139] To a refluxing solution of amine 11 (0.078 g, 0.210 mmol) in
5 mL of acetonitrile was added .beta.-propiolactone (0.015 g, 0.210
mmol). The reaction was heated to reflux for 72 hours before
cooling to room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated.
The residue was mixed with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide and washed
sequentially with ether and ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was
acidified with concentrated HCl and extracted with dichloromethane
(2.times.25 mL). The combined organics were dried over MgSO.sub.4,
filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by column
chromatography eluting with 5% MeOH in dichloromethane to yield
0.020 g (21%) of an orange solid. MS m/z 467 (M.sup.++23), 445
(M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 16
Preparation of Hydroxamic Acid 14
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.2=(4-methyl)-1-naphthyl; Y=O; n=2;
R.sub.4=Me)
[0140] To a 0.degree. C. suspension of carboxylic acid 13 (0.054 g,
0.106 mmol) in 10 mL of diethyl ether was added triethylamine
(0.014 g, 0.138 mmol) and then ethyl chloroformate (0.014 g, 0.127
mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 30 minutes and
them warmed to room temperature. A solution of hydroxylamine (0.159
mmol) in methanol was added and the reaction was stirred overnight
at room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the residue was
washed with ether and dried under vacuum to yield 0.030 g (54%) of
a yellow solid. MS m/z 524 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 17
Preparation of Amide 15
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.2=3,5-dimethylphenyl; R.sub.4=Me)
[0141] A mixture of amine 11 (0.201 g, 0.54 mmol) and glycolic acid
(0.049 g, 0.65 mmol) was heated at 120-160.degree. C. for 30
minutes. During heating, more glycolic acid was added to ensure
that excess reagent was present. Once the starting material was
consumed, the reaction was cooled to room temperature, and diluted
with dichloromethane. The resulting mixture was extracted with 20%
NaOH, followed by 10% HCl, and finally water. The combined organics
were concentrated and triturated with ether. Purification by column
chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate: hexanes yielded 0.012 g
(5%) of a yellow solid. MS m/z 453 (M.sup.++23), 431
(M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 18
Preparation of Amide 16
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.2=3,5-dimethylphenyl; R.sub.4=Me;
NR.sub.6R.sub.7=morpholino)
[0142] To a 0.degree. C. mixture of amine 11 (0.123 g, 0.331 mmol)
in 2 mL of 20% aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 and 3 mL of ethyl acetate was
added chloroacetyl chloride (0.047 g, 0.413 mmol). The reaction was
warmed to room temperature and stirred for 45 minutes. The mixture
was poured into a separatory funnel and the aqueous layer was
removed. The organic layer containing the crude chloroamide was
used without purification. To the ethyl acetate solution was added
morpholine (0.086 g, 0.992 mmol) and the reaction was heated to
approx. 65.degree. C. overnight. The reaction was diluted with
water and cooled to room temperature. After extraction with ethyl
acetate (3.times.25 mL), the combined organics were washed with
brine, dried over MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated to yield 0.130 g
(79%) of a yellow solid. MS m/z 522 (M.sup.++23), 500
(M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 19
Preparation of piperazinone 17
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.2=3,5-dimethylphenyl; R.sub.4=Me;
R.sub.7=H)
[0143] To a 0.degree. C. solution of amide 16
(R.sub.6=CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH) (0.093 g, 0.20 mmol), tri
n-butylphosphine (0.055 g, 0.27 mmol) in 0.35 mL ethyl acetate was
slowly added di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (0.062 g, 0.27 mmol) in
0.20 mL ethyl acetate. The reaction was allowed to stand for 15
minutes and then heated to 40.degree. C. overnight. 4.2 M ethanolic
HCl was added dropwise. The mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and
allowed to stand for 2 hours. The mixture was filtered and washed
with cold ethyl acetate. Purification by column chromatography with
1-5% MeOH in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 yielded 0.011 (12%) of a white solid.
MS m/z 478 (M.sup.++23), 456 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 20
Preparation of 4-Aminoindenopyridine 19
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.4=Me; R.sub.6=Me; R.sub.7=phenyl)
[0144] To a solution of 4-chloroindenopyridine 18 (0.069 g, 0.240
mmol) in 10 mL of 2-ethoxyethanol was added N-methylaniline (0.026
g, 0.240 mmol). The reaction was heated at reflux for 96 hours.
After cooling to room temperature, the solution was concentrated.
The residue was purified by column chromatography eluting with
hexanes: ethyl acetate to yield 0.029 g (34%) of an orange solid.
MS m/z 359 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 21
Preparation of 4-Aminoindenopyridine 19
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.4=Me; R.sub.6=H; R.sub.7=cyclopentyl) by
Palladium Catalyzed Coupling
[0145] A mixture of 4-chloroindenopyridine 18 (0.100 g, 0.347
mmol), cyclopentylamine (0.035 g, 0.416 mmol), palladium (II)
acetate (0.004 g, 0.0017 mmol), 2-(di-t-butylphosphino)biphenyl
(0.010 g, 0.0035 mmol), and cesium carbonate (0.124 g, 0.382 mmol)
in 10 mL of dioxane was heated at reflux overnight. The reaction
was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, and extracted
with ethyl acetate (3.times.35 mL). The combined organics were
washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated.
The residue was purified by column chromatography eluting with
ethyl acetate: hexanes. The purified oil was dissolved in ether and
cooled to 0.degree. C. To this solution was slowly added 1.0 M HCl
in ether. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration,
washed with ether, and dried under vacuum to yield 0.032 g (25%) of
a yellow solid. MS m/z 359 (M.sup.++23), 337 (M.sup.++1).
EXAMPLE 22
Preparation of Dihydropyridine 21 (R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me;
R.sub.2=2-furyl; R.sub.3=H; R.sub.4=NH.sub.2)
[0146] Unsaturated cyanoester 20 (0.20 g, 1.10 mmol), enamine 21
(0.20 g, 0.75 mmol) and 5 drops of triethylamine were refluxed in
1-propanol (4 mL). After 3 hours, the reaction was concentrated to
half the volume and cooled. The resulting precipitate was filtered
and washed with 1-propanol. The precipitate was a mixture of
products and therefore was combined with the filtrate and
concentrated. Purification by column chromatography, eluting with
ethyl acetate: hexane yielded 0.11 g (34%) of the red product 22.
MS m/z 465 (M.sup.++23).
EXAMPLE 23
DDQ Oxidation/Deprotection of Dihydropyridine 22
(R.sub.1=CO.sub.2Me; R.sub.2=3-furyl; R.sub.3=H;
R.sub.4=NH.sub.2)
[0147] To a solution of dihydropyridine 22(0.05 g, 0.11 mmol) in
chlorobenzene (4 mL) was added
2,3-dichloro-3,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (0.05 g, 0.22 mmol). The
reaction was refluxed overnight before cooling to room temperature
and diluting with diethyl ether. The reaction mixture was filtered
through celite and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by column
chromatography, eluting with ethyl acetate:hexane yielded 0.018 g
(52%) of yellow product 23. MS m/z 343 (M.sup.++23), 321
(M.sup.++1).
[0148] Following the general synthetic procedures outlined above
and in Examples 1-21, the compounds of Table 1 below were prepared.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 ##STR47## No. R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3a
R.sub.3b R.sub.3c R.sub.3d R.sub.4 MS (M + 1) 1 CN ##STR48##
C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H Me 341 2 CO.sub.2Et ##STR49##
C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H Me 388 3 CO.sub.2t-Bu ##STR50##
C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H Me 416 4 CO.sub.2t-Bu ##STR51##
C.sub.8H.sub.9O.sub.2 H H H H Me 432 5 CO.sub.2Et ##STR52##
C.sub.6H.sub.4NO.sub.2 H H H Me 389 6 CO.sub.2H ##STR53##
C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H Me 360 7 CO.sub.2Et ##STR54##
C.sub.14H.sub.13O.sub.2 H H H H Me 480 8 CO.sub.2Et ##STR55##
C.sub.8H.sub.8BrO.sub.2 H H H H Me 482 9 CO.sub.2Et ##STR56##
C.sub.11H.sub.9O H H H H Me 424 10 CO.sub.2H ##STR57##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me 376 11 CO.sub.2Et Ph H H H H Me 344 12
CO.sub.2Et ##STR58## C.sub.7H.sub.7O H H H H Me 374 13 CO.sub.2Et
##STR59## C.sub.9H.sub.11O.sub.3 H H H H Me 434 14 CO.sub.2Et
##STR60## C.sub.6H.sub.4BrO.sub.2 H H H H Me 454 15 CO.sub.2Bn
##STR61## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H Me 450 16 ##STR62##
C.sub.11H.sub.14NO.sub.2 ##STR63## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H Me
507 17 CO.sub.2Me ##STR64## C.sub.8H.sub.9O.sub.2 H H H H Me 390 18
CO.sub.2Me ##STR65## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H Me 374 19
CO.sub.2Et ##STR66## C.sub.8H.sub.9O.sub.2 H H H H Me 404 20
CO.sub.2Et ##STR67## C.sub.8H.sub.9O.sub.2 H H H H Me 404 21
CO.sub.2Et ##STR68## C.sub.7H.sub.6BrO H H H H Me 454 22 CO.sub.2Et
##STR69## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H NH.sub.2 411 (M + 23) 23
CO.sub.2Et ##STR70## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H Me 388 25
CO.sub.2Et ##STR71## C.sub.8H.sub.9O.sub.2 H H H H NH.sub.2 405 26
CO.sub.2Et ##STR72## C.sub.6H.sub.4NO.sub.2 H H H H NH.sub.2 390 27
CO.sub.2Et Ph H H H H NH.sub.2 345 28 CO.sub.2Et ##STR73##
C.sub.9H.sub.11O H H H H Me 402 29 CO.sub.2Et ##STR74##
C.sub.8H.sub.8BrO.sub.2 H H H H Me 483 30 CO.sub.2Me Ph H H H H Me
330 31 CO.sub.2Et ##STR75## C.sub.8H.sub.7O.sub.2 H H H H Me 402 32
CO.sub.2Et ##STR76## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H NO.sub.2 H H Me 433 33
##STR77## C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR78## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H
H H H Me 413 34 CO.sub.2Et ##STR79## C.sub.7H.sub.4NO.sub.4 H H H H
Me 433 35 CO.sub.2Et ##STR80## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H NO.sub.2 H
Me 433 36 CO.sub.2Me ##STR81## C.sub.7H.sub.4F.sub.3 H H H H Me 398
37 CO.sub.2Et ##STR82## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H NH.sub.2 H Me 403
38 CONH.sub.2 ##STR83## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H Me 359 39
CO.sub.2Et ##STR84## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me 372 40 CO.sub.2Et
##STR85## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H NH2 H H Me 403 41 CO.sub.2Et
##STR86## C.sub.4H.sub.3O H H H H Me 334 42 CO.sub.2Et 2-Thienyl H
H H H Me 350 43 CO.sub.2Me ##STR87## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me 358
44 CO.sub.2Me ##STR88## C.sub.8H.sub.7O.sub.2 H H H H Me 388 45
CO.sub.2Me ##STR89## C.sub.7H.sub.4NO.sub.4 H H H H Me 419 46
CO.sub.2Me ##STR90## C.sub.9H.sub.11O H H H H Me 388 47 CO.sub.2Me
4-Pyridyl H H H H Me 331 48 CO.sub.2Me ##STR91##
C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H Me 374 49 CO.sub.2Me ##STR92##
C.sub.7H.sub.4BrO.sub.2 H H H H Me 454 50 CO.sub.2Me ##STR93##
C.sub.7H.sub.6BrO H H H H Me 439 51 CO.sub.2Me ##STR94##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me 358 52 CO.sub.2Et ##STR95##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me 372 53 CO.sub.2Me ##STR96##
C.sub.11H.sub.9O H H H H Me 410 54 CO.sub.2Me ##STR97##
C.sub.6H.sub.4NO.sub.2 H H H H Me 375 55 CO.sub.2Et ##STR98##
C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H NHAc H H Me 445 56 CO.sub.2Et ##STR99##
C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H NHAc H Me 445 57 CO.sub.2Et ##STR100##
C.sub.7H.sub.7 H H H H Me 358 58 CO.sub.2Et ##STR101##
C.sub.7H.sub.7 H H H H Me 358 59 CO.sub.2Et ##STR102##
C.sub.7H.sub.7 H H H H Me 358 60 CO.sub.2Et ##STR103##
C.sub.7H.sub.4F.sub.3 H NO.sub.2 H H Me 457 61 CO.sub.2Et
##STR104## C.sub.7H.sub.4F.sub.3 H H NO.sub.2 H Me 457 62
CO.sub.2Me ##STR105## C.sub.7H.sub.7 H H H H Me 344 63 CO.sub.2Et
##STR106## C.sub.7H.sub.4F.sub.3 H NH.sub.2 H H Me 427 64
CO.sub.2Et ##STR107## C.sub.7H.sub.4F.sub.3 H H NH.sub.2 H Me 427
65 CO.sub.2Me ##STR108## C.sub.8H.sub.3F.sub.6 H H H H Me 466 66
CO.sub.2Me ##STR109## C.sub.7H.sub.7 H H H H Me 344 67 CO.sub.2Me
##STR110## C.sub.7H.sub.7 H H H H Me 344 68 CO.sub.2Me ##STR111##
C.sub.7HF.sub.3 H NO.sub.2 H H Me 443 69 CO.sub.2Me ##STR112##
C.sub.7H.sub.4F.sub.3 H H NO.sub.2 H Me 443 70 CO.sub.2Et
##STR113## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H i-Pr 400 71 CO.sub.2Me ##STR114##
C.sub.7H.sub.4F.sub.3 H NH.sub.2 H H Me 413 72 CO.sub.2Me
##STR115## C.sub.6H.sub.3Cl.sub.2 H H H H Me 399 73 CO.sub.2Me
##STR116## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Et 372 74 CO.sub.2Me ##STR117##
C.sub.7H.sub.4F.sub.3 H H H H Me 398 75 CO.sub.2Me ##STR118##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H H H Me 394 76 CO.sub.2Me ##STR119##
C.sub.9H.sub.11 H H H H Me 372 77 CO.sub.2Me ##STR120##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H NO.sub.2 H H Me 403 78 CO.sub.2Me ##STR121##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H NO.sub.2 H Me 403 79 CO.sub.2Me ##STR122##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H H H Me 394 80 CO.sub.2Me ##STR123##
C.sub.7H.sub.4F.sub.3 H NHAc H H Me 455 81 CO.sub.2Me ##STR124##
C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2 H H H H Me 488 82 CO.sub.2Me ##STR125##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H NH.sub.2 H H Me 373 83 CO.sub.2Me ##STR126##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H NH.sub.2 H Me 373 84 CO.sub.2Me ##STR127##
C.sub.7H.sub.6F H H H H Me 362 85 CO.sub.2Me ##STR128##
C.sub.6H.sub.4Br H H H H Me 431 (M + 23) 86 CO.sub.2Me ##STR129##
C.sub.10H.sub.7 H H H H Me 380 (M +23) 87 CO.sub.2Me ##STR130##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H NO.sub.2 H H Me 439 88 CO.sub.2Me ##STR131##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H NO.sub.2 H Me 439 89 CO.sub.2Me ##STR132##
C.sub.14H.sub.9 H H H H Me 430 90 CO.sub.2Me ##STR133##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H NH.sub.2 H H Me 409 91 CO.sub.2Me ##STR134##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H NH.sub.2 H Me 409 92 ##STR135##
C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR136## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me 397 93
CN ##STR137## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me 325 94 CO.sub.2Me
##STR138## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H NH.sub.2 359 95 CO.sub.2Me
##STR139## C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H H H NH.sub.2 395 96 CO.sub.2H
##STR140## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me 344 97 ##STR141##
C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR142## C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H H H Me 433 98
CN ##STR143## C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H H H Me 361 99 ##STR144##
C.sub.2H.sub.2 O.sub.2 ##STR145## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H
C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 358 100 ##STR146## C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2
##STR147## C.sub.8H.sub.10N H H H H C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 357 101
##STR148## C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 Ph H H H H C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2
314 102 ##STR149## C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 p-C.sub.6H.sub.4NO.sub.2 H
H H H C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 361 103 ##STR150##
C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 ##STR151## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H
C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 364 104 ##STR152## C.sub.2H.sub.2 ##STR153##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 342 105 CO.sub.2H
##STR154## C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H H H Me 380 106 CONH.sub.2 ##STR155##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me 343 107 CONHMe ##STR156## C.sub.8H.sub.9
H H H H Me 357 108 CONMe.sub.2 ##STR157## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me
371 109 ##STR158## C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 ##STR159## C.sub.11H.sub.9
H H H H C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 378 110 ##STR160##
C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 ##STR161## C.sub.7H.sub.7 H H H H
C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 328 111 ##STR162## C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2
##STR163## C.sub.9H.sub.11 H H H H C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 356 112
##STR164## C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 ##STR165## C.sub.7H.sub.7 H H H H
C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 328 113 CO.sub.2Me ##STR166##
C.sub.6H.sub.4NO.sub.2 H H H H Me 375
114 ##STR167## C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 ##STR168## C.sub.7H.sub.7 H H
H H C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 328 115 CO.sub.2Me ##STR169##
C.sub.8H.sub.10N H H H H Me 373 116 CONH.sub.2 ##STR170##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H H H Me 379 117 ##STR171## C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2
##STR172## C.sub.9H.sub.6N H H H H C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2 365 118
CO.sub.2Me ##STR173## C.sub.6H.sub.4NO.sub.2 H H H H Me 375 119
CONHMe ##STR174## C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H H H Me 393 120 CONMe.sub.2
##STR175## C.sub.131H.sub.9 H H H H Me 407 121 CO.sub.2Me
##STR176## C.sub.9H.sub.N H H H H Me 381 122 CO.sub.2Me ##STR177##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H Cl Cl H Me 463 123 CO.sub.2Me ##STR178##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H Cl Cl H Me 427 124 CO.sub.2Me ##STR179##
C.sub.9H.sub.6N H H H H Me 381 125 CO.sub.2Et ##STR180##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H H H Me 408 126 CO.sub.2Me ##STR181##
C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2 H Cl Cl H Me 555 127 CO.sub.2Me ##STR182##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 Cl H H Cl Me 427 128 CO.sub.2Me 2-NO.sub.2-4,5-
OCH.sub.2O--C.sub.6H.sub.2 H H H H Me 421 129 CO.sub.2Me ##STR183##
C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2 Cl H H Cl Me 558 130 CO.sub.2Me ##STR184##
C.sub.6H.sub.6N H H H H Me 345 131 CO.sub.2Et ##STR185##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H Cl Cl H Me 477 132 CO.sub.2Me ##STR186##
C.sub.6H.sub.4Br.sub.2N H H H H Me 503 133 Ac ##STR187##
C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2 H H H H Me 472 134 Ac ##STR188##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me 342 135 CO.sub.2Me ##STR189##
C.sub.5H.sub.4N H H H H Me 331 136 ##STR190##
C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR191## C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2 H H H H Me
527 137 ##STR192## C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR193## C.sub.8H.sub.9
H H H H Me 397 138 CO.sub.2Me ##STR194## C.sub.6H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H
H H Me 362 139 CO.sub.2H ##STR195## C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2 H H H H
Me 474 140 CO.sub.2H ##STR196## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me 344 141
CO.sub.2Me ##STR197## C.sub.6H.sub.5O H H H H Me 346 142 CO.sub.2Me
##STR198## C.sub.10 H.sub.2 H H H H Me 380 143 CO.sub.2Me
##STR199## C.sub.16H.sub.25O H H H H Me 486 144 CO.sub.2Me
##STR200## C.sub.13H.sub.11O H H H H Me 436 145 CO.sub.2Me
##STR201## C.sub.7H.sub.5Br.sub.2O H H H H Me 518 146 ##STR202##
C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR203## C.sub.7H.sub.5Br.sub.2O H H H H
Me 557 147 ##STR204## C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR205##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H Cl Cl H Me 466 148 CO.sub.2Et --NHPh H H H H Me
359 149 CO.sub.2Me ##STR206## C.sub.7H.sub.7O H H H H Me 360 150
CO.sub.2Me ##STR207## C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2O H H H H Me 504 151
##STR208## C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR209## C.sub.9H.sub.6N H H H
H Me 420 152 C.sub.3H.sub.5O.sub.3 ##STR210##
C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2O H H H H Me 534 153 ##STR211##
C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR212## C.sub.6H.sub.5 O H H H H Me 385
154 ##STR213## C.sub.2H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR214## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H
H H Me 373 155 ##STR215## C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR216##
C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2 H H NO.sub.2 H Me 574 156 CO.sub.2Me
##STR217## C.sub.11H.sub.9 H Br H H Me 473 157 CO.sub.2Me
##STR218## C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H Br H Me 473 158 ##STR219##
C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR220## C.sub.9H.sub.6N H Cl Cl H Me 489
159 ##STR221## C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR222##
C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2O H H NO.sub.2 H Me 590 160 ##STR223##
C.sub.3H.sub.5O.sub.3 ##STR224## C.sub.9H.sub.6N H H H H Me 411 161
CO.sub.2Me ##STR225## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H Br H H Me 436 162 CO.sub.2Me
##STR226## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H Br H Me 438 163 CO.sub.2Me ##STR227##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H Br Br H Me 516 164 ##STR228##
C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR229## C.sub.6H.sub.32Br.sub.2 H Cl Cl H
Me 597 165 ##STR230## C.sub.3H.sub.5O.sub.3 ##STR231##
C.sub.9H.sub.6N H Cl Cl H Me 480 166 CO.sub.2Me ##STR232##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H Br Br H Me 552 167 CO.sub.2Et ##STR233##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H Br Br H Me 530 168 CO.sub.2Me ##STR234##
C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2O F H H F Me 540 169 CO.sub.2Me ##STR235##
C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2O H H NO.sub.2 H Me 551 170 CO.sub.2Me
##STR236## C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2O H Cl Cl H Me 573 171 ##STR237##
C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR238## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H NO.sub.2 H Me
444 172 ##STR239## C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR240## C.sub.8H.sub.9
H NO.sub.2 H H Me 444 173 CO.sub.2Me ##STR241## C.sub.8H.sub.9 F H
H F Me 394 174 ##STR242## C.sub.4H.sub.4NO.sub.2 ##STR243##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 F H H F Me 433 175 CO.sub.2Me ##STR244##
C.sub.8H.sub.9O.sub.2 H Br Br H Me 548 176 CO.sub.2Me ##STR245##
C.sub.7H.sub.4N H H H H Me 355 177 CO.sub.2Me ##STR246##
C.sub.8H.sub.9O H NO.sub.2 H H Me 421 178 CO.sub.2Me ##STR247##
C.sub.8H.sub.9O H H NO.sub.2 H Me 453 179 CO.sub.2Me ##STR248##
C.sub.8H.sub.9O H Cl Cl H Me 443 180 CN ##STR249## C.sub.8H.sub.9O
H H H H Me 341 181 CO.sub.2Me ##STR250## C.sub.6H.sub.3I.sub.2O H H
H H Me 598 182 CO.sub.2Me ##STR251## C.sub.6H.sub.3F.sub.2 H Cl Cl
H Me 435 183 CO.sub.2Et ##STR252## C.sub.8H.sub.10N H H H H Me 387
184 CO.sub.2Et ##STR253## C.sub.7H.sub.8N H H H H Me 373 185
CO.sub.2Me ##STR254## C.sub.7H.sub.5I.sub.2O H H H H Me 612 186
CO.sub.2Et ##STR255## C.sub.9H.sub.7N.sub.2 H H H H Me 410 187
CO.sub.2Me ##STR256## C.sub.6H.sub.3I.sub.2O H H NO.sub.2 H Me 345
188 CO.sub.2Me ##STR257## C.sub.6H.sub.3I.sub.2O H Cl Cl H Me 668
189 CO.sub.2Me ##STR258## C.sub.6H.sub.3F.sub.2 H H NO.sub.2 H Me
413 190 CO.sub.2H ##STR259## C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2 H Cl Cl H Me
544 191 CN ##STR260## C.sub.6H.sub.3I.sub.2O H H H H Me 565 192
CO.sub.2Me ##STR261## C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2O H Br H H Me 606 (M +
23) 193 CO.sub.2Me ##STR262## C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2O H H Br H Me
584 194 CO.sub.2Et ##STR263## C.sub.7H.sub.8N H H H H Me 373 195
CO.sub.2Et ##STR264## C.sub.6H.sub.4Cl.sub.2N H H H H Me 427 196
CO.sub.2Et ##STR265## C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2O H Cl Cl H Me 587 197
CO.sub.2Et ##STR266## C.sub.6H.sub.5BrN H H H H Me 437 198
CO.sub.2Et ##STR267## C.sub.7H.sub.8NO H H H H Me 389 199
CO.sub.2Et ##STR268## C.sub.6H.sub.3I.sub.2O H H H H Me 612 200
CO.sub.2Et ##STR269## C.sub.6H.sub.3F.sub.2 H Cl Cl H Me 449 201
CO.sub.2Me ##STR270## C.sub.9H.sub.6N H Cl Cl H Me 450 202
CO.sub.2Me ##STR271## C.sub.7H.sub.5F.sub.2O H Cl Cl H Me 465 203
CO.sub.2Me ##STR272## C.sub.7H.sub.5F.sub.2O H H H H Me 396 204
CO.sub.2Me ##STR273## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR274##
C.sub.4H.sub.6NO.sub.3 H H Me 473 205 CO.sub.2Me ##STR275##
C.sub.6H.sub.6N H H H H Me 345 206 CO.sub.2Me ##STR276##
C.sub.7H.sub.8N H H H H Me 359 207 CO.sub.2Me ##STR277##
C.sub.6H.sub.4NO.sub.2 H Cl Cl H Me 444 208 CO.sub.2Me ##STR278##
C.sub.7H.sub.4N H H H Me 355 209 CO.sub.2H ##STR279##
C.sub.10H.sub.7 H H H H Me 366 210 CO.sub.2Me ##STR280##
C.sub.6H.sub.4NO.sub.2 H Cl Cl H Me 444 211 CO.sub.2Me ##STR281##
C.sub.7H.sub.6F H Cl Cl H Me 430 212 CO.sub.2Me ##STR282##
C.sub.7H.sub.3F.sub.4 H H H H Me 416 213 CO.sub.2Me ##STR283##
C.sub.7H.sub.6F H Cl Cl H Me 430 214 CO.sub.2Me ##STR284##
C.sub.6H.sub.4Cl.sub.2N H H H H Me 413 215 CO.sub.2Me ##STR285##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H OMe OMe H Me 418 216 CO.sub.2Me ##STR286##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H OMe OMe H Me 454 217 CO.sub.2Me ##STR287##
C.sub.7H.sub.6F H H H H Me 362 218 CO.sub.2Me ##STR288##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR289## C.sub.3H.sub.6NO.sub.2 H H Me 445 219
CO.sub.2Me ##STR290## H H H H Me 359 220 CO.sub.2Me --NHPh H H H H
Me 345 221 CO.sub.2Me ##STR291## C.sub.6H.sub.5BrN H H H H Me 423
222 CO.sub.2Me 2-Pyridyl H H H H Me 353 223 CO.sub.2Me ##STR292##
C.sub.6H.sub.3Cl.sub.2 H OMe OMe H Me 459 224 CO.sub.2Me ##STR293##
C.sub.7H.sub.3F.sub.4 H Cl Cl H Me 485 225 CO.sub.2Me ##STR294##
C.sub.6H.sub.6N H H H H Me 345 226 CO.sub.2Me ##STR295##
C.sub.6H.sub.4NO.sub.2 H H NO.sub.2 H Me 420 227 CO.sub.2Me
##STR296## C.sub.6N.sub.4NO.sub.2 H H NO.sub.2 H Me 420
228 CO.sub.2Me ##STR297## C.sub.7H.sub.8N H H H H Me 359 229
CO.sub.2Me ##STR298## C.sub.9H.sub.7N.sub.2 H H H H Me 396 230
CO.sub.2Me ##STR299## C.sub.121H.sub.9 H OH OH H Me 426 231
CO.sub.2Me ##STR300## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H F H Me 376 232 CO.sub.2Me
##STR301## C.sub.7H.sub.3F.sub.4 H H NO.sub.2 H Me 461 233
CO.sub.2Me ##STR302## C.sub.10H.sub.6F H Cl Cl H Me 468 234
CO.sub.2Me ##STR303## C.sub.8H.sub.10N H H H H Me 373 235
CO.sub.2Me ##STR304## C.sub.7H.sub.8NO H H H H Me 375 236
CO.sub.2Me ##STR305## C.sub.10H.sub.6F H NO.sub.2 H H Me 443 237
CO.sub.2Me ##STR306## C.sub.10H.sub.6F H H NO.sub.2 H Me 443 238
CO.sub.2Me ##STR307## C.sub.10 H.sub.6F H H H H Me 398 239
CO.sub.2Me ##STR308## C.sub.12H.sub.12N H Cl Cl H Me 491 240
CO.sub.2Me ##STR309## C.sub.11H.sub.9 H ##STR310##
C.sub.4H.sub.6NO.sub.3 H H Me 509 241 CO.sub.2Me ##STR311##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR312## C.sub.4H.sub.6NO.sub.3 H Me 473 242
CO.sub.2Me ##STR313## C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H ##STR314##
C.sub.4H.sub.6NO.sub.3 H Me 509 243 CO.sub.2Me ##STR315##
C.sub.4H.sub.9 H H H H Me 310 244 CO.sub.2Me ##STR316##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H ##STR317## C.sub.4H.sub.7N.sub.2O.sub.3 H H Me
524 245 CO.sub.2Me ##STR318## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR319##
C.sub.4H.sub.7N.sub.2O.sub.3 H Me 488 246 CO.sub.2Me ##STR320##
C.sub.4H.sub.7 H H H H Me 308 247 CO.sub.2Me i-Pr H H H H Me 296
248 CO.sub.2Me ##STR321## Cyclohexyl H H H H Me 336 249 CO.sub.2Me
Me H H H H Me 268 250 CO.sub.2Me ##STR322## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H
##STR323## C.sub.4H.sub.9N.sub.2O.sub.2 H Me 474 251 CO.sub.2Me
##STR324## C.sub.7H.sub.9 H H ##STR325## C.sub.5H.sub.8NO.sub.3 H
Me 487 252 CO.sub.2Me N-Mopholino H H H H Me 339 253 CO.sub.2Me
##STR326## C.sub.5H.sub.10 N H H H H Me 337 254 CO.sub.2Me
##STR327## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR328##
C.sub.5H.sub.11N.sub.2O.sub.2 H Me 488 255 CO.sub.2Me ##STR329##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR330## C.sub.4H.sub.9N.sub.2O.sub.2 H H Me 474
256 CO.sub.2Me ##STR331## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR332##
C.sub.4H.sub.7N.sub.2O H H Me 456 257 CO.sub.2Me ##STR333##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR334## C.sub.2H.sub.4NO.sub.2 H H Me 431 258
CO.sub.2Me ##STR335## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR336##
C.sub.6H.sub.11N.sub.2O.sub.2 H H Me 500 259 CO.sub.2Me ##STR337##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR338## C.sub.6H.sub.12N.sub.3O H H Me 499 260
CO.sub.2Me ##STR339## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR340##
C.sub.5H.sub.6N.sub.3O H H Me 481 261 CO.sub.2Me ##STR341##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR342## C.sub.6H.sub.11N.sub.2O.sub.2 H Me
500 262 CO.sub.2Me ##STR343## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR344##
C.sub.6H.sub.12N.sub.3O H Me 499 263 CO.sub.2Me ##STR345##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR346## C.sub.2H.sub.4NO.sub.2 H Me 431 264
CO.sub.2Me ##STR347## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H NH.sub.2 397 (M
+ 23) 265 CO.sub.2Me Ph H H H H NH.sub.2 353 (M + 23) 266
CO.sub.2Me ##STR348## C.sub.8H.sub.9O.sub.2 H H H H NH.sub.2 413 (M
+ 23) 267 CO.sub.2Me 2-Furyl H H H H NH.sub.2 321 268 CO.sub.2Me
3-Furyl H H H H NH.sub.2 321 269 CO.sub.2Me 2-Furyl H H H H Me 320
270 CO.sub.2Me 2-Furyl H H H NH.sub.2 Me 335 271 CO.sub.2Me 2-Furyl
NHOH H H H Me 351 272 CO.sub.2Et 2-Furyl H H H H NH.sub.2 335 273
CO.sub.2Et 2-Furyl H Br H H NH.sub.2 413 274 CO.sub.2Et 2-Furyl H H
Br H NH.sub.2 413 275 CO.sub.2Et ##STR349##
C.sub.7H.sub.4Br.sub.O.sub.2 H H H H Me 467 276 CO.sub.2Me
##STR350## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR351## C.sub.5H.sub.6N.sub.3O H
Me 481 277 CO.sub.2Me ##STR352## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR353##
C.sub.4H.sub.7N.sub.2O H Me 456 278 CO.sub.2Me ##STR354##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR355## C.sub.4H.sub.6NO.sub.3 H H Me 473 279
CO2Me ##STR356## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR357## H H Me 513 280
CO.sub.2Me ##STR358## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR359## H H Me 516 281
CO.sub.2Me ##STR360## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR361## H H Me 501 282
CO.sub.2Me ##STR362## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR363## H H Me 566 283
CO.sub.2Me ##STR364## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR365## H H Me 488 284
CO.sub.2Me ##STR366## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR367## H Me 541
III. Biological Assays and Activity Ligand Binding Assay for
Adenosine A2a Receptor
[0149] Ligand binding assay of adenosine A2a receptor was performed
using plasma membrane of HEK293 cells containing human A2a
adenosine receptor (Perkin Elmer, RB-HA2a) and radioligand
[.sup.3H]CGS21680 (PerkinElmer, NET1021). Assay was set up in
96-well polypropylene plate in total volume of 200 mL by
sequentially adding 20 mL 1:20 diluted membrane, 130 mLassay buffer
(50 mM Tris.HCl, pH7.4 10 mM MgCl.sub.2, 1 mM EDTA) containing
[.sup.3H] CGS21680, 50 mL diluted compound (4.times.) or vehicle
control in assay buffer. Nonspecific binding was determined by 80
mM NECA. Reaction was carried out at room temperature for 2 hours
beofre filtering through 96-well GF/C filter plate pre-soaked in 50
mM Tris.HCl, pH7.4 containing 0.3% polyethylenimine. Plates were
then washed 5 times with cold 50 mM Tris.HCl, pH7.4., dried and
sealed at the bottom. Microscintillation fluid 30 ml was added to
each well and the top sealed. Plates were counted on Packard
Topcount for [.sup.3H]. Data was analyzed in Microsoft Excel and
GraphPad Prism programs. (Varani, K.; Gessi, S.; Dalpiaz, A.;
Borea, P. A. British Journal of Pharmacology, 1996, 117, 1693)
Adenosine A2a Receptor Functional Assay
[0150] CHO-K1 cells overexpressing human adenosine A2a receptors
and containing cAMP-inducible beta-galactosidase reporter gene were
seeded at 40-50K/well into 96-well tissue culture plates and
cultured for two days. On assay day, cells were washed once with
200 mL assay medium (F-12 nutrient mixture/0.1% BSA). For agonist
assay, adenosine A2a receptor agonist NECA was subsequently added
and cell incubated at 37 C, 5% CO.sub.2 for 5 hrs before stopping
reaction. In the case of antagonist assay, cells were incubated
with antagonists for 5 minutes at R.T. followed by additon of 50 nM
NECA. Cells were then incubated at 37 C, 5% CO.sub.2 for 5 hrs
before stopping experiments by washing cells with PBS twice. 50 mL
1.times. lysis buffer (Promega, 5.times. stock solution, needs to
be diluted to 1.times. before use) was added to each well and
plates frozen at -20 C. For b-galactosidase enzyme colormetric
assay, plates were thawed out at room temperature and 50 mL
2.times. assay buffer (Promega) added to each well. Color was
allowed to develop at 37 C for 1 hr. or until reasonable signal
appeared. Reaction was then stopped with 150 mL 1 M sodium
carbonate. Plates were counted at 405 nm on Vmax Machine (Molecular
Devices). Data was analyzed in Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism
programs. (Chen, W. B.; Shields, T. S.; Cone, R. D. Analytical
Biochemistry, 1995, 226, 349; Stiles, G. Journal of Biological
Chemistry, 1992, 267, 6451)
Assay of Phosphodiesterase Activity
[0151] The assay of phosphodiesterase activity follows the
homogeneous SPA (scintillation proximity assay) format under the
principle that linear nucleotides preferentially bind yttrium
silicate beads in the presence of zinc sulfate.
[0152] In this assay, the enzyme converts radioactively tagged
cyclic nucleotides (reaction substrate) to linear nucleotides
(reaction product) which are selectively captured via ion chelation
on a scintillant-containing bead. Radiolabeled product bound to the
bead surface results in energy transfer to the bead scintillant and
generation of a quantifiable signal. Unbound radiolabel fails to
achieve close proximity to the scintillant and therefore does not
generate any signal.
[0153] Specifically, enzyme was diluted in PDE buffer (50 mM pH 7.4
Tris, 8.3 mM MgCl.sub.2, 1.7 mM EGTA) with 0.1% ovalbumin such that
the final signal:noise (enzyme:no enzyme) ratio is 5-10. Substrate
(2,8- .sup.3H-cAMP or 8-.sup.3H-cGMP, purchased from Amersham
Pharmacia) was diluted in PDE (4, 5, 7A) buffer to 1 nCi per .mu.l
(or 1 .mu.Ci/ml). For each test well, 48 .mu.l of enzyme was mixed
with 47 .mu.l substrate and 5 .mu.l test compound (or DMSO) in a
white Packard plate, followed by shaking to mix and incubation for
15 minutes at room temperature. A 50 .mu.l aliquot of evenly
suspended yttrium silicate SPA beads in zinc sulfate was added to
each well to terminate the reaction and capture the product. The
plate was sealed using Topseal-S (Packard) sheets, and the beads
were allowed to settle by gravity for 15-20 minutes prior to
counting on a Packard TopCount scintillation counter using a
.sup.3H glass program with color quench correction. Output was in
color quench-corrected dpm.
[0154] Test compounds were diluted in 100% DMSO to a concentration
20.times. final assay concentration. DMSO vehicle alone was added
to uninhibited control wells. Inhibition (%) was calculated as
follows: Nonspecific binding (NSB)=the mean of CPM of the
substrate+buffer+DMSO wells Total Binding (TB)=the mean of the
enzyme+substrate+DMSO wells % Inhibition listed in Table
1=(1-(Sample CPM-NSB)).times.100
[0155] The IC.sub.50 values were calculated using the Deltagraph
4-parameter curve-fitting program. The IC.sub.50 and % Inhibition
data on PDE 4, 5, and 7A are listed for the indicated compounds in
Table 2 below. TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 ##STR368## MS IC.sub.50
(.mu.M)/% inh. @ .mu.M No. R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3a R.sub.3b
R.sub.3c R.sub.3d R.sub.4 (M + 1) PDE7A PDE4 PDE5 6 CO.sub.2H
##STR369## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H Me 360 45% @20 49% @ 5 51
CO.sub.2Me ##STR370## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me 358 0.055 0.353 2.7
56 CO.sub.2Et ##STR371## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H NHAc H Me 445
0.074 0.333 2.5 70 CO.sub.2Et ##STR372## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H
i-Pr 400 2.11 73 CO.sub.2Me ##STR373## C.sub.9H.sub.9 H H H H Et
372 1.54 0.998 82 CO.sub.2Me ##STR374## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H NH.sub.2 H
H Me 373 0.021 0.204 1.11, 0.864 90 CO.sub.2Me ##STR375##
C.sub.11H.sub.9 H NH.sub.2 H H Me 409 0.005 0.237, 0.172 2.33 98 CN
##STR376## C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H H H Me 361 1.13 119 CONHMe
##STR377## C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H H H Me 393 0.658 41% @20 133 Ac
##STR378## C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2 H H H H Me 472 1.54 134 Ac
##STR379## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H H H Me 342 1.14 169 CO.sub.2Me
##STR380## C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2O H H NO.sub.2 H Me 551 0.0053
0.184 170 CO.sub.2Me ##STR381## C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2O H Cl Cl H
Me 573 0.0087 0.557 190 CO.sub.2H ##STR382## C.sub.6H.sub.3Br.sub.2
H Cl Cl H Me 544 5.9 191 CN ##STR383## C.sub.6H.sub.3I.sub.2O H H H
H Me 565 0.593 197 CO.sub.2Et ##STR384## C.sub.6H.sub.5BrN H H H H
Me 437 0.728 69% @ 5 0.362 219 CO.sub.2Me ##STR385##
C.sub.7H.sub.8N H H H H Me 359 0.964 61% @ 5 1.1 220 CO.sub.2Me
--NHPh H H H H Me 345 0.084 1.8 0.637 241 CO.sub.2Me ##STR386##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR387## C.sub.4H.sub.6NO.sub.3 H Me 473
0.0035 0.954 0.183 242 CO.sub.2Me ##STR388## C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H
##STR389## C.sub.4H.sub.6NO.sub.3 H Me 509 0.0038 0.782 0.141 243
CO.sub.2Me ##STR390## C.sub.4H.sub.9 H H H H Me 310 2.6 245
CO.sub.2Me ##STR391## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR392##
C.sub.4H.sub.7N.sub.2O.sub.3 H Me 488 0.0053 0.875 0.185 248
CO.sub.2Me ##STR393## Cyclohexyl H H H H Me 336 0.783 0.171 0.649
250 CO.sub.2Me ##STR394## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR395##
C.sub.4H.sub.9N.sub.2O.sub.2 H Me 474 0.0074 0.684 2.4 251
CO.sub.2Me ##STR396## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR397##
C.sub.5H.sub.8NO.sub.3 H Me 487 0.0054 0.754 0.26 253 CO.sub.2Me
##STR398## C.sub.5H.sub.10N H H H H Me 337 0.905 0.85 0.303 254
CO.sub.2Me ##STR399## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR400##
C.sub.5H.sub.11N.sub.2O.sub.2 H Me 488 0.0067 0.664 0.765 261
CO.sub.2Me ##STR401## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR402##
C.sub.6H.sub.11N.sub.2O.sub.2 H Me 500 0.0063 0.477 0.63 262
CO.sub.2Me ##STR403## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR404##
C.sub.6H.sub.12N.sub.3O H Me 499 0.008 0.702 3.7
[0156] TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 ##STR405## Ki (nM) A2a A2a an- A1 MS
bind- tagonist bind- No. R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3a R.sub.3b R.sub.3c
R.sub.3d R.sub.4 (M + 1) ing function ing 14 CO.sub.2Et ##STR406##
C.sub.6H.sub.4BrO.sub.2 H H H H Me 454 451 22 CO.sub.2Et ##STR407##
C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H NH.sub.2 411 (M +23) 70 253 18
CO.sub.2Me ##STR408## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H Me 374 159
>1000 584 27 CO.sub.2Et Ph H H H H NH.sub.2 345 42 36 554 23
CO.sub.2Et ##STR409## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H Me 388 251 275
CO.sub.2Et ##STR410## C.sub.7H.sub.4BrO.sub.2 H H H H Me 467 263 41
CO.sub.2Et ##STR411## C.sub.4H.sub.3O H H H H Me 334 271 57
CO.sub.2Et ##STR412## C.sub.7H.sub.7 H H H H Me 358 400 67
CO.sub.2Me ##STR413## C.sub.7H.sub.7 H H H H Me 344 39 128 1853 66
CO.sub.2Me ##STR414## C.sub.7H.sub.7 H H H H Me 344 46 151 1591 85
CO.sub.2Me ##STR415## C.sub.6H.sub.4Br H H H H Me 431 (M +23) 35
>1000 5570 82 CO.sub.2Me ##STR416## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H NH.sub.2 H
H Me 373 294 95 CO.sub.2Me ##STR417## C.sub.11H.sub.9 H H H H
NH.sub.2 395 286 135 CO.sub.2Me ##STR418## C.sub.5H.sub.4N H H H H
Me 331 123 130 CO.sub.2Me ##STR419## C.sub.6H.sub.6N H H H H Me 345
222 141 CO.sub.2Me ##STR420## C.sub.6H.sub.5O H H H H Me 346 172
183 CO.sub.2Et ##STR421## C.sub.8H.sub.10N H H H H Me 387 191 208
CO.sub.2Me ##STR422## C.sub.7H.sub.4N H H H H Me 355 171 197
CO.sub.2Et ##STR423## C.sub.6H.sub.5BrN H H H H Me 437 148 217
CO.sub.2Me ##STR424## C.sub.7H.sub.6F H H H H Me 362 119 221
CO.sub.2Me ##STR425## C.sub.6H.sub.5BrN H H H H Me 423 76 258 2180
222 CO.sub.2Me 2-Pyridyl H H H H Me 353 (M +23) 237 198 CO.sub.2Et
##STR426## C.sub.7H.sub.8NO H H H H Me 389 185 199 CO.sub.2Et
##STR427## C.sub.6H.sub.3I.sub.2O H H H H Me 612 301 279 CO.sub.2Me
##STR428## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR429## H H Me 513 179 261
CO.sub.2Me ##STR430## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR431##
C.sub.6H.sub.11N.sub.2O.sub.2 H Me 500 472 280 CO.sub.2Me
##STR432## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR433## H H Me 516 237 276
CO.sub.2Me ##STR434## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR435##
C.sub.5H.sub.6N.sub.3O H Me 481 304 258 CO.sub.2Me ##STR436##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR437## C.sub.6H.sub.11N.sub.2O.sub.2 H H Me
500 211 281 CO.sub.2Me ##STR438## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR439## H H
Me 501 201 262 CO.sub.2Me ##STR440## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR441##
C.sub.6H.sub.12N.sub.3O H Me 499 332 184 CO.sub.2Et ##STR442##
C.sub.7H.sub.8N H H H H Me 373 140 195 CO.sub.2Et ##STR443##
C.sub.6H.sub.4Cl.sub.2N H H H H Me 427 171 260 CO.sub.2Me
##STR444## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H ##STR445## C.sub.5H.sub.6N.sub.3O H H
Me 481 163 263 CO.sub.2Me ##STR446## C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR447##
C.sub.2H.sub.4NO.sub.2 H Me 431 480 245 CO.sub.2Me ##STR448##
C.sub.8H.sub.9 H H ##STR449## C.sub.4H.sub.7N.sub.2O.sub.3 H Me 488
276 264 CO.sub.2Me ##STR450## C.sub.7H.sub.5O.sub.2 H H H H
NH.sub.2 397 (M +23) 342 265 CO.sub.2Me Ph H H H H NH.sub.2 353 (M
+23) 50 267 CO.sub.2Me 2-Furyl H H H H NH.sub.2 321 <15 268
CO.sub.2Me 3-Furyl H H H H NH.sub.2 321 21 269 CO.sub.2Me 2-Furyl H
H H H Me 320 192 270 CO.sub.2Me 2-Furyl H H H NH Me 335 303 271
CO.sub.2Me 2-Furyl NH OH H H H Me 351 276 272 CO.sub.2Et H H H H
NH.sub.2 335 <5 273 CO.sub.2Et H Br H H NH.sub.2 413 279 274
CO.sub.2Et H H Br H NH.sub.2 413 143
* * * * *