U.S. patent application number 11/225605 was filed with the patent office on 2006-06-29 for convective cushion with positive coefficient of resistance heating mode.
Invention is credited to Steve Feher.
Application Number | 20060137099 11/225605 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37865451 |
Filed Date | 2006-06-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060137099 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Feher; Steve |
June 29, 2006 |
Convective cushion with positive coefficient of resistance heating
mode
Abstract
A cushion that is heated convectively using a positive
coefficient of resistance type resistive heating element that is
provided with heat exchanging surfaces, includes a mattress pad,
seat or the like with a bottom surface secured around its perimeter
to an air permeable top surface, forming a plenum and containing
tubular spacer material therein. The plenum is connected to a power
unit housing a blower, a heating module and a controller unit. The
heating module preferably includes a PTC type heating element in
conduction with a base plate and a number of heat exchanger fins.
Preferably the heating element is sandwiched between a pair of the
base plates and the heat exchanger fins, and there is a seal
between the base plates to minimize air flow from the blower from
passing there between. A remote control for the user's convenience
may be provided, and a foldable antenna attachable to the
convective unit facilitates wireless communication between the
remote control and controller unit. The user resting atop the
cushion is able to control the blower and heating module to deliver
air of a desired temperature and quantity to the cushion and
through the top surface. The invention advantageously replaces the
current carrying, conductive wires and insulation found inside
prior art heated mattresses, enhancing safety and performance while
at the same time offering a cooled or ventilated capability.
Inventors: |
Feher; Steve; (Honolulu,
HI) |
Correspondence
Address: |
LAUSON & ASSOCIATES
1334 PARK VIEW AVENUE, SUITE 100
MANHATTAN BEACH
CA
90266
US
|
Family ID: |
37865451 |
Appl. No.: |
11/225605 |
Filed: |
September 13, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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11024073 |
Dec 28, 2004 |
|
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11225605 |
Sep 13, 2005 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
5/713 ; 219/201;
219/212 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60N 2/5657 20130101;
A47C 7/748 20130101; B60N 2/5635 20130101; A47C 21/044 20130101;
Y10S 5/941 20130101; A47C 21/048 20130101; A47C 31/006 20130101;
A47C 27/082 20130101; A47C 7/74 20130101; A47C 7/742 20130101; A47C
27/008 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
005/713 ;
219/201; 219/212 |
International
Class: |
H05B 3/00 20060101
H05B003/00; A47C 27/08 20060101 A47C027/08; H05B 1/00 20060101
H05B001/00 |
Claims
1. A selectively-controlled convective cushion comprising: a plenum
defined by a bottom surface secured around its perimeter to a
generally air permeable top surface and containing tubular spacer
material therein; a power unit located remote from the plenum but
in fluid communication with the plenum, and housing a blower in
fluid communication with a heating module; a controller unit in
communication with the blower and the heating element; whereby a
user resting atop the cushion is able to control the blower and
heating module to deliver air of a desired temperature and quantity
to the cushion and through the top surface.
2. The selectively-controlled convective cushion of claim 1 wherein
the plenum has an opening at one end, and further comprising an air
duct with one end sized to be received into the plenum opening and
a second end extending to the power unit.
3. The selectively-controlled convective cushion of claim 1 wherein
the heating module comprises a PTC type heating element in
conduction with a base plate and a plurality of heat exchanging
fins.
4. The selectively-controlled convective cushion of claim 3 wherein
the heating element is sandwiched between a pair of the base plates
and the plurality of heat exchanging fins.
5. The selectively-controlled convective cushion of claim 4 further
comprising a seal between the base plates to minimize air flow from
passing there between.
6. The selectively-controlled convective cushion of claim 1 further
comprising a remote control in communication with the controller
unit.
7. The selectively-controlled convective cushion of claim 6 further
comprising a foldable antenna attachable to the power unit to
facilitate wireless communication between the remote control and
controller unit.
8. The selectively-controlled convective cushion of claim 8 wherein
the controller unit includes a speed control for the blower.
9. The selectively-controlled convective cushion of claim 2 wherein
the air duct comprises an outer shell and an inner insulating
sleeve with an air gap there between.
10. The selectively-controlled convective cushion of claim 1
further comprising a vent at the opposing end of the plenum.
11. The selectively-controlled convective cushion of claim 1
wherein the bottom surface of the plenum is generally air
impermeable.
12. The selectively-controlled convective cushion of claim 1
wherein the plenum is adapted to be placed on a conventional
mattress.
13. The selectively-controlled convective cushion of claim 3
wherein the power unit comprises a plurality of PTC type heating
elements.
14. A convective mattress pad comprising: a plenum defined by a
bottom surface secured around its perimeter to a generally air
permeable top surface, the plenum containing an air flow structure
and having an opening at one end; an air duct with one end sized to
be received into the opening and a second end extending outside the
plenum; a power unit housing a blower in fluid communication with a
heating module and connected to the second end of the air duct; a
controller unit in communication with the blower and the heating
element; and, wherein the heating module comprises a PTC type
heating element in conduction with a base plate and a plurality of
heat exchanging fins.
15. The mattress pad of claim 14 wherein the heating element is
sandwiched between a pair of the base plates and the plurality of
heat exchanging fins.
16. The mattress pad of claim 14 further comprising a seal between
the base plates to minimize air flow from the blower from passing
there between; and
17. The mattress pad of claim 14 further comprising a remote
control in communication with the controller unit.
18. The mattress pad of claim 17 further comprising a foldable
antenna attachable to the power unit to facilitate wireless
communication between the remote control and controller unit.
19. The mattress pad of claim 14 wherein the controller unit
includes a speed control for the blower.
20. The mattress pad of claim 14 wherein the air duct comprises an
outer shell and an inner insulating sleeve with an air gap there
between.
21. The mattress pad of claim 14 further comprising a vent at the
opposing end of the plenum.
22. The mattress pad of claim 14 wherein the air flow structure is
tubular spacer material.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED DOCUMENTS
[0001] This application is continuation-in-part of utility patent
application Ser. No. 11/024,073 (filed Dec. 27, 2004) entitled
"Variable Temperature Cushion And Heat Pump."
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to temperature controlled
mattress pads, seats or other cushions, and more particularly to
such a cushion that is heated by a positive temperature coefficient
(PTC) element and ventilated as well.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] Resistance wires oftentimes with PTC resistive elements are
the conventional way of heating a cushion by conduction. This
suffers from certain disadvantages, however, including that the
electrical conductors are located within the cushion itself. Over
time, the wires, carbon fiber strips or the like being subject to
repeated weight loads and mechanical stresses may become physically
damaged causing sparks from short circuits, and an occasional fire.
Voltages as low as 6V can produce noticeable sparking, even at
current levels in the 1-200 milliamp range.
[0006] Insulation is commonly used in the prior art, not only to
limit peak heating at the conductor but also to spread the heating
effect out (or average it) over the surface to be heated. The
disadvantage here is that it takes longer to reach an adequate
heating level, because of the drop in heating efficiency caused by
the insulation. The overall efficiency of the heating apparatus is
compromised as the insulation slows the heating of the outer
surface of the cushion.
[0007] Additionally, resistance heated type, prior art mattress
pads don't offer cooling or ventilation. This is a major
disadvantage in many parts of the world where the population lacks
means such that air-conditioning is unavailable and a substantial
portion of the year relaxing or sleeping is uncomfortable due to
very warm ambient air conditions.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0008] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to
construct a temperature-controlled cushion that is heated without
the conventional resistance wires or PTC resistive elements in
conductive mode within the cushion itself,
[0009] It is a further object of the present invention to construct
such a cushion while minimizing the use of insulation.
[0010] It is a still further object of the present invention to
provide such a cushion that also includes a cooled or ventilated
mode.
[0011] It is a still further object of the present invention to
provide such a cushion that includes convenient controls for the
user.
[0012] It is a still further object of the present invention to
provide such a cushion that is simple and relatively inexpensive to
manufacture.
[0013] It is a still further object of the present invention to
provide an accompanying power unit that is quiet and compact, and
located remote from the cushion;
[0014] These and other objects of the present invention will become
apparent upon reference to the following detailed description and
accompanying drawings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0015] Disclosed is a new approach for a cushion that is heated
convectively using a positive coefficient of resistance type
resistive heating element that is provided with heat exchanging
surfaces, or alternatively a thermoelectric device with heat
exchanging surfaces, or a Stirling Cycle heat pump with PTC heater
mounted on the cold head and heat exchanging surfaces attached to
the PTC heater and/or cold head.
[0016] The present invention includes a mattress pad, seat or other
cushion with a bottom surface secured around its perimeter to an
air permeable top surface (forming a plenum or air-flow structure)
and containing tubular spacer material or equivalent therein. The
plenum has an opening for a (preferably insulated) air duct which
leads to a power unit housing a blower, a heating module and a
controller unit. Besides obvious uses in the home or an automobile,
the invention as disclosed herein may also be used for patient
warming in medical and surgical settings.
[0017] The heating module preferably includes a PTC type heating
element in conduction with a base plate and a number of heat
exchanger fins. Preferably the heating element is sandwiched
between a pair of the base plates and the heat exchanger fins, and
there is a seal between the base plates to minimize air flow from
the blower from passing there between. A remote control for the
user's convenience may be provided and a foldable antenna
attachable to the convective unit facilitates wireless
communication between the remote control and controller unit,
although corded remote control may also be utilized or the controls
located on the power unit itself. The power unit may include
multiple PTC elements including of varying capability to allow the
user to more precisely control the output temperature of the air,
and may include a speed control for the blower.
[0018] The user resting atop the cushion is able to control the
blower and heating module to deliver air of a desired temperature
and quantity to the cushion and through the top surface. The
advantages of the subject invention over the prior art in heating
mode for mattress pads, seats and other cushions are substantial.
Since there are no current conducting wires or carbon fiber strips
within the cushion structure, the convective cushion is much safer
than the prior art when used as a mattress pad. This is because the
PTC heating element is located remotely from the cushion and is
connected to the cushion only with an air duct hose, eliminating
all mechanical stress to any electrical wires from weight applied
to the sleeping or seating surface. Because the heating medium is
air, and not hot current conductor wires, it isn't necessary to use
insulation to spread the heating effect over the entire surface of
the cushion. By using air, the heating effect is gentle and
effective without the need for insulation, so the overall heating
mode efficiency is higher and more evenly distributed over the
heated surface.
[0019] The present invention, besides replacing basic electric
resistance wire heated mattress pads as well as other resistance
element heated cushions, also offers a feature that the prior art
cannot using the same equipment and that is a ventilation mode for
warm weather. By causing ambient air to move within the air flow
structure (which is much more efficiently done with tubular spacer
fabric as described elsewhere herein, and in U.S. Pat. Nos.
6,263,530 and 6,085,369, but can be done less efficiently with
other air flow structure materials), a meaningful percentage of
excess body heat can be removed during warm weather while the user
is seated on or sleeping on the cushion of the subject
invention.
[0020] As long as ambient temperature is below the user's body skin
temperature (which averages out to approximately 96 degrees
Fahrenheit over much of the body), there must (according to
Newton's Law of thermal transfer), be a thermal exchange between
the source of heat at a higher temperature (body skin surface), and
a heat sink at a lower temperature, by ambient air under forced
convection (macrocosmically) and free convection,
(microcosmically). The terms macrocosm and microcosm simply refer
to the relatively large bulk air flow (or forced convection),
produced through the cushion air flow structure by the blower and
the relatively very small air convection movement (free
convection), produced at the microcosmic level by the delta T or
difference in the relatively warm air nearest the user's skin and
the relatively cool air brought into close proximity via forced
convection. The microcosmic level is that level within the padding
and textiles which is the interface between the user and the air
flowing through the cushion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of the convective cushion of
the preferred embodiment of the present invention placed atop a
conventional mattress;
[0022] FIG. 2 is a plan view of the convective unit with a portion
of the housing removed to show its contents;
[0023] FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of the PTC resistive heating
element 30;
[0024] FIG. 4 is an end view of the assembly of FIG. 3;
[0025] FIG. 5 is another side elevation view of the same assembly,
in the air flow direction, looking through the heat exchanger
fins;
[0026] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the air duct;
[0027] FIG. 7 is a side view of the convective unit with an
optional attachable folding antenna with an attached air duct hose
40 to convey conditioned air to the cushion.
[0028] FIG. 8 is a side view of a convective seat cushion for a
vehicle with a compact power unit installed at the bite line
between the seat and backrest in accordance with an alternate
embodiment;
[0029] FIG. 9 is a side view of the power unit optionally installed
at the front of the seat;
[0030] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the power unit
optionally installed at the top of the backrest;
[0031] FIG. 11 is a front elevation view of the cushion with a
damper valve for regulating the airflow;
[0032] FIG. 12 shows the modified airflow of FIG. 8 when the damper
valve is closed;
[0033] FIG. 13 shows the modified airflow of FIG. 9 when the damper
valve is closed; and, FIG. 14 shows the modified airflow of FIG. 10
when the damper valve is closed.
LISTING OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
[0034] convective cushion 10 [0035] plenum 12 [0036] air impervious
bottom surface 14 [0037] air-permeable top surface 16 [0038] vent
17 [0039] tubular spacer material 18 [0040] power unit 20 [0041]
housing 21 [0042] blower 22 [0043] circuit board box 24 [0044]
adaptor 26 [0045] air outlet 27 [0046] air duct inlet 28 [0047] PTC
resistive heating element 30 [0048] heat exchanging fins 32 [0049]
power terminals 34 [0050] PTC heating element 36 [0051] base plates
38 [0052] air seal or gasket 39 [0053] air duct hose 40 [0054]
flexible air duct 42 [0055] insulated sleeve 44 [0056] sleeve
splines 46 [0057] remote IR sensor, detector 50 [0058] length of
wire 52 [0059] articulated folding strut, antenna 60 [0060] IR
sensor 62 [0061] adapter plug 64 [0062] hinge points 66 [0063]
vehicle seating cushion 130 [0064] seat rest 132 [0065] backrest
134 [0066] compact power unit 150 [0067] straight air duct 194
[0068] special air duct 195 [0069] special duct 196 [0070]
Zipper.TM. valve or damper 198
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0071] Initially referring to FIG. 1, shown is the convective
cushion 10 placed upon a conventional mattress, including a plenum
12 constructed of a bottom surface 14 secured around its perimeter
to a top surface 16. The bottom surface 14 is preferably air
impervious, although placement on a conventional mattress may
render an air permeable surface largely impervious. The top surface
16 is air-permeable although sufficiently impervious that a greater
air pressure can be maintained inside the enclosed space.
[0072] Inside the plenum 12 is tubular spacer material 18 or
equivalent. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,085,369 and 6,263,530 pioneered the
use of such tubular spacer fabric 18 as an air flow structure for
seats, mattresses, mattress pads, and other articles of furniture
that can be sat on or laid down upon. Although the preferred
embodiment of this invention utilizes the same tubular spacer
fabric 18 as described in the issued Feher '369 and '530 patents,
it is possible to utilize other air flow structures such as Muller
Textile's 3 Mesh or Strahle and Hess' assembled woven tube fabric,
as well as any other air flow structure; however there may be
substantially reduced levels of performance when compared to
tubular spacer material 18 as disclosed in the above U.S. Pat. Nos.
and herein.
[0073] FIG. 2 shows a power unit 20 for the convective cushion 10,
which includes a blower 22 for blowing air across one a PTC
resistive heating module 30 including heat exchanging surfaces 32
(see FIGS. 3-5), and pushing the air into the plenum 12 for heating
the cushion 10. Alternatively, the PTC module 30 need not be
energized, resulting in a ventilating function as a result of
circulating ambient air through the cushion air flow structure 12.
The PTC heating module 30 with heat exchanging fins 32 is located
in an adaptor 26 that matches the module 30 to the blower air
outlet 27 and the air duct inlet 28 in the most aerodynamically
efficient manner within the space limitations of the power unit 20
housing 21 dimensions. Details such as a power cord and plugs and
sockets are not shown.
[0074] Also shown in FIG. 2 is a box 24 for any necessary or
desired electrical circuits for mode switching, switching between
multiple heaters, on and off, etc., plus wireless remote control
circuits if desired. A speed control printed circuit board may be
incorporated in the space 24 shown in FIG. 2, which could be used
to control heating as well as ventilation by coordinating PTC
elements with AC power control to regulate air flow, perhaps
offering more flexibility in comfort settings than the simplest
form which relies solely on the PTC switch temperature
characteristics of the PTC elements with a fixed air flow rate.
[0075] The box 24 may optionally include a Triac or other
semiconductor power control for the PTC heating elements to enable
the PTC elements to operate below their switch temperature design
point. The PTC element switch temperature is the temperature at
which the resistance starts to rise exponentially. The elements 36
are called Positive Temperature Coefficient because, unlike NTC, or
Negative Temperature Coefficient type materials, the electrical
resistivity rises with increasing temperature, instead of dropping
with increasing temperature. Most materials exhibit PTC
characteristics because increasing temperature causes more ionic
movement, crystal lattice vibration, and/or molecular motion, any
of which can interfere with electron mobility. The switch
temperature of ceramic PTC devices is determined by the amount of
doping with certain elements, such as strontium, for example,
before firing.
[0076] In order to operate the PTC heating elements 36 below their
design point switch temperature it is necessary to either increase
the heat load beyond the capabilities or rating of the elements, by
increasing air flow beyond the design point for example, or by
reducing voltage to the elements, which reduces the power rating of
the elements relative to the load. For a mattress pad application
of the convective cushion 10 it may be more desirable to use a
power reduction instead of an air flow increase, in order to
maintain a very low noise level for a comfortable sleeping
environment.
[0077] FIG. 3 shows the PTC heating module 30 with heat exchanging
fins 32 running in the Y axis and power terminals 34 on the right
side. Two PTC elements 36 can be seen, represented by dashed lines,
mounted in the middle of the heat exchangers 32. The preferred PTC
elements 36 are rated 50 Watts each and 120 VAC, with a switching
temperature of about 38-45 deg. C. max., and are manufactured by
Advanced Thermal Products, Inc. of Saint Mary's, Pa. Other elements
with different power and voltage ratings can be used; however the
above is the preferred embodiment because it is unnecessary to
produce air at more than about 45 deg. C. max. to affect good
heating performance and using elements rated for 120 VAC eliminates
the need for a power supply which reduces the cost of the product
while increasing product reliability. If a more powerful heating
effect is desired, it is a simple matter of using higher rated
elements or more of the same power rated elements 36.
[0078] FIGS. 4, 5 show the PTC heating elements 36 mounted between
two base plates 38 of the heat exchangers 32. These plates 38 are
heavier than the fins 32 and serve to spread the heat outward from
the PTC heating elements 36 to the far edges of the heat exchangers
32 as efficiently as possible without excessive thickness and
weight. An air seal or gasket 39 is also shown in this view the
purpose of which is important. The seal 39 prevents air flow
between the two heat exchangers 32, which forces all of the air
flow through the fins 32, increasing thermal transfer efficiency.
The reason that this became an issue was that the thickness of the
PTC heating elements rated for 120 VAC is twice that of PTC heating
elements rated for 12-24 VDC. The extra thickness results in a gap
of sufficient size to permit excessive air flow between the two
heat exchanger base plates 38. The seal 39 addresses this issue to
produce a more efficient apparatus that operates reliably at or
very close to the switch temperature.
[0079] The PTC heating module assembly 30 can be made with a single
heat exchanger 32; however such an arrangement would not be as
efficient from a thermal point of view. The heat exchangers 32 are
preferably made of copper, although aluminum or any other thermally
and electrically conductive material can also be used. Although
solder can be used to bond the PTC heating elements 36 to the heat
exchanger base plates 18, a flexible adhesive with good thermal and
electrical conductivity is preferred to prevent excessive stress
buildup and possible PTC element 36 cracking due to differences in
coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the PTC heating
element 36 material and the heat exchanger 32 material, which can
be substantial, for example, approximately 10:1 for the PTC
elements 36 and copper.
[0080] Referring back to FIG. 1, the power unit 20 may be mounted
on the floor, with a flexible air duct hose 40 attached to one end
of the convective cushion 10, which is preferably at the foot of
the bed. Although it is possible in some instances to introduce air
into the convective cushion 10 at the head of the bed it is
preferred to put the air in at the foot of the bed for several
reasons. The power unit 20 is designed to be very quiet, however it
is not totally silent so the father away it is from the user's ears
the better. For heating mode, the extremities tend to require more
heating than the trunk of the body; therefore putting the warmed
air in at the foot puts the warmest air in at the place where it's
needed most, the extremities, or feet and legs. Lastly, there may
not be enough space between the bed and the wall at the head of the
bed to accommodate the air duct hose 40.
[0081] FIG. 1 shows how some of the air percolates or vents up
through the cushion 10, which is enclosed in a textile envelope 12
and secured to, in this case, a bed, resulting in ventilating or
heating air flowing under the covers (not shown), however most of
the ventilating or heating air flows through the cushion 10 air
flow structure 18 and vents out at the end 17 opposite from where
it entered.
[0082] FIG. 1 also shows how to achieve an infra-red type remote
control with the convective cushion 10 as a mattress pad.
Ordinarily, the power unit 20 is placed on the floor at the foot of
the bed in order to enable a short length of air duct hose and to
minimize blower noise perceived by the user. Unfortunately, this
places the power unit 20 out of the line of sight of an infra-red
(IR), type remote control, which is less expensive than a radio
frequency (RF), type remote. The more expensive RF remote has the
advantage of not requiring a line of sight to function. Shown is
connecting a remote IR sensor, or detector 50, to the power unit 20
with a length of wire 52 (most beds are at least 6 feet in length,
so the length of wire 52 needed is at least that long, plus
approximately three feet for slack), to enable the user to use an
IR remote (not shown) without a line of sight to the power unit 20.
Alternatively, either an IR or RF type remote may be designed to be
used with the PTC power unit 20 in order to enable control of
ventilation, or heating, and degrees of ventilation and heating,
without the need for a cord connecting the remote to the power unit
20.
[0083] The solution of FIG. 7 is to place an IR sensor 62 on the
end of an articulated folding strut, or antenna 60, attached to the
power unit 20. When the antenna 60 is unfolded vertically, the user
has a line of sight to the IR detector or sensor 62, enabling use
of the IR type remote control. The IR sensor strut 60 should be
capable of extending vertically at least 24 inches or more, and can
be attached to the power unit 20 permanently or can use an adapter
64 to plug into the power unit 20 housing before or after
unfolding. A telescopic strut (not shown) could also be used, but
managing the wire on the inside during collapse of the telescopic
type of antenna is more complex and bulky than using a folding
strut 60 with rotary electrical contacts at the hinge points 66.
The folding antenna 60 design can be such that the middle leg folds
to nest within the top leg and the bottom leg folds to nest within
the middle leg, etc. The legs can be made of flat strips of metal
or plastic with the top leg overlapping the middle one and so on.
Power to the sensor 62 and signals from the sensor 62 can be
transmitted to the control circuit 24 in the power unit 20 via
either wires in the antenna 60 or via the arms of the antenna 60
and a third wire if the arms are made of conductive material or if
they are provided with conductive circuit traces and rotating
contacts in the joints.
[0084] FIGS. 1, 6 and 7 show the PTC heater assembly 30 with blower
22 connected to the mattress pad 10 via a length of flexible air
duct 40. A good example of such an air duct 42 is known as Uniloop,
made by Flexhaust, Inc. It is important for good performance of the
preferred embodiment 10 to ensure that there is low heat loss in
the air duct 42 in cold weather and in heating mode. Although there
are numerous materials and techniques that can be used to make a
flexible insulated air duct for the purposes of the subject
invention, one example is to make an insulation sleeve 44 for the
Uniloop air duct hose out of Volara, made by Voltek Corp., which is
a polymeric foam with very small closed cells enabling a relatively
high R rating, or insulation rating for a relatively thin material
cross section. In this case a Volara sleeve or layer approximately
0.08'' thick produces very good results. A preferred form of the
Volara insulation sleeve 44 would be extruded with internal splines
46 as shown in FIG. 6 to create small air gaps between the sleeve
44 and the air duct 42 to enhance the insulation performance of the
sleeve with minimal bulk.
[0085] This is one way of making an insulated air duct hose 40 for
the preferred embodiment 10 that remains flexible and non-bulky
while enabling higher performance and efficiency for the subject
cushion or mattress pad in heating mode under cold ambient air
temperature conditions. However it is configured, an insulated air
duct hose 40 is important for best cold weather heating mode
performance, especially because the air delta T in heating mode is
substantially higher than in ventilation mode, in which there is no
delta T because ambient air is being used for ventilation. If a
source of air cooled below ambient is used, then the insulated air
duct 40 will improve efficiency, however, not to the same extent,
as active cooling mode delta T will still usually be less than half
that of heating mode delta T. For example, heating mode may easily
entail an air delta T of 45+ deg. F., while active cooling mode
with thermoelectric or Stirling Cycle devised as disclosed in some
of my other patents, will generally not exceed 20-30 deg. F.
[0086] Referring to FIGS. 8-14, an alternate embodiment vehicle
seating cushion may be described, in particular application of the
PTC air heating and ventilating system to a seat cushion consisting
of a seat rest and backrest capable of sustaining internal air flow
that will communicate thermally and convectively with the user
contacting surfaces, in communication with the PTC power unit or
air heating and ventilating system, via a variety of optional air
pathways. As shown in FIG. 8, preferably a compact power unit 150
is installed proximate the "bite line" or separation between the
seat rest 132 and backrest 134 portion of the cushion 130, with a
straight air duct 194 running from the mouth 162 of the power unit
150 to the cushion 130. This set up is preferred as conditioned air
entering the middle portion of the cushion 130 is more easily
evenly distributed throughout the seat rest 132 and backrest 134.
Alternatively, the power unit 150 can be installed forward of the
seat rest 132 with a special air duct 195 (FIG. 9) or above and aft
the backrest 134 with special duct 196 (FIG. 10). These
configurations are useful for use with seats that do not have an
opening or slot at the "biteline" between the seat and backrest
cushion of the seat upon which the PTC cushion is to be installed,
in order to facilitate installation of the cushion.
[0087] Note the airflow direction through the cushion 130 varies
depending upon where the power unit 150 is placed, with the air
primarily exiting the cushion 130 remote from the power unit 150.
The set up with the power unit 150 forward the seat rest 132 is
advantageous for ease of control in that the power unit 150
controls could be located directly on the unit 150 and easily
accessible between the user's legs when seated on the cushion 130.
When the power unit 150 is located aft of the user, a wired control
extends to the user or to a location accessible to the user or a
remote wireless control could be used.
[0088] FIG. 11 shows a Zipper.TM. valve or damper 198 installed in
the middle portion of the cushion 130. The damper valve 198 serves
to control the air flow between the seat rest 132 and backrest 134
portions of the cushion 130. For example, when the power unit 150
is installed at the bite line and the valve 198 is completely
closed, air flows only through the backrest 134 and not the seat
rest 132 (FIG. 12). Other examples, when the power unit 150 is
installed atop the backrest 134 and the valve 198 closed air flows
again only through the backrest 134 (FIG. 13), or when the power
unit 150 is installed forward the seat rest 132 and the valve 198
closed air flows only through the seat rest 132 (FIG. 14), in both
these instances the air exiting the cushion 130 through the duct
194 at the bite line. It is also possible to open or close the
valve 198 to intermediate positions in order to vary the thermal
effect of the cushions, by controlling the amount of air flowing
through the cushions.
[0089] The present invention has been described in connection with
preferred and alternate embodiments, but it is understood that
modifications will occur to those skilled in the appertaining arts
that are within the spirit of the invention disclosed and within
the scope of the claims.
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