U.S. patent application number 11/151112 was filed with the patent office on 2006-06-22 for reduced odor toilet bar composition.
This patent application is currently assigned to Unilever Home & Personal Care USA, Division of Conopco., Inc.. Invention is credited to Syed Husain Abbas, Bipinchandra J. Khara, Michael Massaro, Sandra Dawn Meraviglia, Makarand S. Shevade, Michael Bernardous Van Vlijmen.
Application Number | 20060135385 11/151112 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35840545 |
Filed Date | 2006-06-22 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060135385 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Massaro; Michael ; et
al. |
June 22, 2006 |
Reduced odor toilet bar composition
Abstract
Toilet bar compositions are described that contain specific odor
masking agent(s). The odor masking agent(s) reduce malodor without
the need for elevated amounts of masking fragrances that
individuals may not prefer and who use the composition for personal
cleansing or who are exposed to the composition.
Inventors: |
Massaro; Michael; (Monroe,
CT) ; Meraviglia; Sandra Dawn; (Milford, CT) ;
Abbas; Syed Husain; (Seymour, CT) ; Khara;
Bipinchandra J.; (West Windsor, NJ) ; Shevade;
Makarand S.; (Plainsboro, NJ) ; Van Vlijmen; Michael
Bernardous; (Plainsboro, NJ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
UNILEVER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GROUP
700 SYLVAN AVENUE,
BLDG C2 SOUTH
ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS
NJ
07632-3100
US
|
Assignee: |
Unilever Home & Personal Care
USA, Division of Conopco., Inc.
|
Family ID: |
35840545 |
Appl. No.: |
11/151112 |
Filed: |
June 13, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11019794 |
Dec 22, 2004 |
7015179 |
|
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11151112 |
Jun 13, 2005 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
510/141 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D 3/2072 20130101;
C11D 17/006 20130101; C11D 3/221 20130101; C11D 10/04 20130101;
C11D 3/2096 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
510/141 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/02 20060101
A61K008/02 |
Claims
1-11. (canceled)
12. A toilet bar composition, comprising: (a) fatty acid soap(s) in
the total concentration range of about 5 to 75% by wt.; (b) free C6
to C22 carboxylic acid(s) in the total concentration range of about
4 to 40% by wt.; (c) non-soap synthetic detergent(s) in the total
concentration range of about 2 to 60% by wt.; (d) a maximum of
about 20% by wt. of water; (e) active agent(s) in the total
concentration range of about 0.0001 to 50% by wt.; and (f) an
effective concentration of pyran type odor masking agent(s) having
the structure of I, II or a blend thereof ##STR8## to reduce
perceptible malodor in the toilet bar composition wherein R1 and R2
can be the same or different and are either hydrogen, alkyl,
alkoxyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, aryl or alkynyl, optionally
substituted and R3 is alkyl ester or alkenyl ester.
13. The toilet bar composition of claim 1 which is in the form of a
toilet bar having a yield stress in the range of about 20 Kpa to
400 KPa at 250 C and 50% RH.
14. The toilet bar composition of claim 1 wherein the odor masking
agent(s) is/are in the total concentration range of about 0.0005 to
0.25% by wt.
15. The toilet bar composition of claim 1 further comprising one or
more polyol(s) in a total concentration range of about 0.01 to 30%
by wt.
16. The toilet bar composition of claim 4 wherein the one or more
polyol(s) is/are selected from dipropylene glycol, propylene
glycol, glycerin, or polyethylene glycol(s) in the MW range of
about 200 to 1500 or blends thereof.
17. The toilet bar composition of claim 1 wherein the non-soap
anionic surfactant(s) is/are selected from C8 to C14 acyl
isethionates; C8 to C14 alkyl sulfates, C8 to C14 alkyl
sulfosuccinates, C8 to C14 alkyl sulfonates; C8 to C14 fatty acid
ester sulfonates, derivatives, or blends thereof.
18. The toilet bar composition of claim 1 further comprising
amphoteric surfactant(s) in the total concentration range of about
1 to 7% by wt.; nonionic surfactant(s) in the total concentration
range of about 1 to 20% by wt., or a blend thereof.
19. The toilet bar composition of claim 1 further comprising
hydrophobic emollient(s) in the total concentration range of about
5 to 45% by wt.
20. The toilet bar composition of claim 1 wherein at least one of
said active agent(s) is/are selected from anti-acne actives,
anti-wrinkle and anti-skin atrophy actives, skin barrier repair
aids, cosmetic soothing aids, topical anesthetics, artificial
tanning agents and accelerators, skin lightening actives,
antimicrobial and antifungal actives, sunscreen actives, sebum
stimulators, sebum inhibitors, antiperspirants, anti-glycation
actives or mixtures thereof.
21. The toilet bar composition of claim 1 wherein the odor masking
agent is maltol, ethyl maltol or a blend thereof.
22. A process for manufacturing a reduced odor toilet bar
comprising the steps of where steps a to c are in no particular
sequence: a) blending one or more nonsoap anionic surfactants
optionally with soap to form a detergent blend; b) dispersing or
dissolving pyran type odor masking agent(s) having the structure of
I or II or a blend thereof in a sufficient amount of one or more
polyol(s) to form an odor masking preblend to reduce perceptable
malodor in the toilet bar, ##STR9## where R1 and R2 can be the same
or different and are either hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyl, alkenyl,
alkylaryl, aryl or alkynyl, optionally substituted and R3 is alkyl
ester or alkenyl ester; c) adding the odor masking preblend to the
detergent blend and mixing until homogenous to form a final blend;
and finally d) extruding the final blend followed by cutting and
stamping to form reduced odor toilet bars.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] This invention relates generally to toilet bar compositions,
and more particularly to specific toilet bar compositions having
reduced malodor or base odor with reduced amounts of added
fragrance or having no fragrance added.
[0003] 2. The Related Art
[0004] Malodor is a common problem perceived in toilet bar. The
underlying cause of the malodor is perceived to be from the
formulation ingredients. It may also be due to the interaction of
the ingredients used in the product. Malodor has a very negative
impact on consumers, and becomes worse when the product comes in
direct contact with skin. The malodor normally is masked by
fragrance added to the product. Some consumers choose to avoid
products that contain fragrance or essential oils for various
reasons. It therefore becomes a challenge to cover the base odor or
malodor in the product when fragrance is not desirable at the
levels needed to act as an effective odor-masking agent. To
overcome this problem, a composition and method for its production
was surprisingly discovered. In this composition, Maltol, ethyl
maltol or their analogues, derivatives or blends thereof, are used
at effective levels in order to eliminate or substantially reduce
the malodor or base odor of specific toilet bar compositions.
[0005] Maltol, ethyl maltol and selected analogues and their
derivatives have found use as a perfume ingredient in various
cleansing compositions. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,723,687 titled
"Automatic Dishwashing Compositions Comprising Diacyl Peroxide
Bleach and Blooming Perfume"; U.S. Pat. No. 5,518,665 titled
"Transparent Solid Detergents" and U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,229 titled
"Composition to be Applied to Hair or Skin; the use of maltol or
ethyl maltol as a masking ingredient or perfume in various
detergent compositions is disclosed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] In one aspect of the invention is a toilet bar, including
but not limited to the following:
[0007] (a) fatty acid soap(s) in the total concentration range of
about 5 to 75% by wt.; (b) free C6 to C22 carboxylic acid(s) in the
total concentration range of about 4 to 40% by wt.; (c) non-soap
synthetic detergent(s) in the total concentration range of about 2
to 60% by wt.; (d) a maximum of about 20% by wt. of water; and (e)
an effective concentration of pyran type odor masking agent(s)
having the structure of I, II or a blend thereof ##STR1##
[0008] to reduce perceptible malodor in the toilet bar composition
wherein R1 and R2 can be the same or different and are either
hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, aryl or alkynyl,
optionally substituted, and R3 is alkyl ester or alkenyl ester.
[0009] In another aspect of the invention is a process for
manufacturing a reduced odor toilet bar including but not limited
to the steps of where steps a to c are in no particular
sequence:
[0010] a) blending one or more nonsoap anionic surfactants
optionally with soap to form a detergent blend;
[0011] b) dispersing or dissolving pyran type odor masking agent(s)
having the structure of I or II or a blend thereof in a sufficient
amount of one or more polyol(s) to form an odor masking preblend to
reduce perceptable malodor in the toilet bar, ##STR2##
[0012] where R1 and R2 can be the same or different and are either
hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, aryl or alkynyl,
optionally substituted and R3 is alkyl ester or alkenyl ester;
[0013] c) adding the odor masking preblend to the detergent blend
and mixing until homogenous to form a final blend; and finally
[0014] d) extruding the final blend followed by cutting and
stamping to form reduced odor toilet bars.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0015] In one aspect of the invention is a toilet bar, including
but not limited to the following:
[0016] (a) fatty acid soap(s) in the total concentration range of
about 5 to 75% by wt.; (b) free C6 to C22 carboxylic acid(s) in the
total concentration range of about 4 to 40% by wt.; (preferably
where the carboxylic acid(s) are C6 to C18 or C12 to C18 carboxylic
acid(s)): (c) non-soap synthetic detergent(s) in the total
concentration range of about 2 to 60% by wt.; (d) a maximum of
about 20% by wt. of water; (preferably a maximum of about 15, 12,
10, 8, 6, 4 or 3% by wt. of water); and (e) an effective
concentration of pyran type odor masking agent(s) having the
structure of I, II or a blend thereof ##STR3##
[0017] to reduce perceptible malodor in the toilet bar composition
wherein R1 and R2 can be the same or different and are either
hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, aryl or alkynyl,
optionally substituted (preferably R1 and R2 are either hydrogen,
C1 to C6 alkyl, C1 to C6 alkenyl, C1 to C6 alkoxyl, benzyl or
phenyl and more preferably R1 is methyl or ethyl, and R2 is
hydrogen) and R3 is alkyl ester or alkenyl ester (preferably C1-C5
alkyl or alkenyl ester).
[0018] Advantageously, the inventive toilet bar has a yield stress
in the range of about 20 Kpa to 400 KPa at 25.degree. C. and 50% RH
measured as described below.
[0019] Preferably, the odor masking agent(s) is/are in the total
concentration range of about 0.0005 to 0.25% by wt. (preferably
with a minimum value of about 0.0025 or 0.004 and a maximum value
of about 0.025, 0.01, 0.005 or 0.025). More preferably the
inventive toilet bar further includes one or more polyol(s) in a
total concentration range of about 0.01 to 30% by wt. (preferably
with a minimum value of about 0.4 or 0.7 and a maximum value of
about 2, 3, 7 or 10% by wt.). Most preferably these polyol(s)
is/are selected from dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol,
glycerin, or polyethylene glycol(s) in the MW range of about 200 to
1500 or blends thereof. Advantageously the polyol(s) have a
viscosity under about 1000 cps at 30 C.
[0020] Advantageously the non-soap anionic surfactant(s) is/are
selected from C8 to C14 acyl isethionates; C8 to C14 alkyl
sulfates, C8 to C14 alkyl sulfosuccinates, C8 to C14 alkyl
sulfonates; C8 to C14 fatty acid ester sulfonates, derivatives, or
blends thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the odor masking agent
is maltol (Fig. A), ethyl maltol (Fig. B) or a blend thereof.
[0021] In another aspect of the invention is a process for
manufacturing a reduced odor toilet bar including but not limited
to the steps of where steps a to c are in no particular
sequence:
[0022] a) blending one or more nonsoap anionic surfactants
optionally with soap to form a detergent blend;
[0023] b) dispersing or dissolving pyran type odor masking agent(s)
having the structure of I or II or a blend thereof in a sufficient
amount of one or more polyol(s) to form an odor masking preblend to
reduce perceptable malodor in the toilet bar, ##STR4##
[0024] where R1 and R2 can be the same or different and are either
hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, aryl or alkynyl,
optionally substituted and R3 is alkyl ester or alkenyl ester;
[0025] c) adding the odor masking preblend to the detergent blend
and mixing until homogenous to form a final blend; and finally
[0026] d) extruding the final blend followed by cutting and
stamping to form reduced odor toilet bars.
Surfactants:
[0027] Surfactants, also known as detergents, are an essential
component of the inventive toilet bar composition. They are
compounds that have hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions that act
to reduce the surface tension of the aqueous solutions they are
dissolved in. Useful surfactants include soap(s), and non-soap
anionic, nonionic, amphoteric, and cationic surfactant(s), and
blends thereof.
Anionic Surfactants:
[0028] The inventive toilet bar composition contains one or more
non-soap anionic detergent(s) (syndets). Preferably the syndet(s)
have a zein value of 50 or less. Zein value may be measured using
the test method described below. Advantageously such non-soap
anionic detergent(s) or surfactant(s) may be used in one preferred
embodiment in the range of about 35 to 40% by wt. or in another
preferred embodiment in a total concentration range of about 45 to
55% by wt. or a further preferred embodiment in a total
concentration range of about 2 to 20% by wt. Anionic surfactants
may advantageously constitute about 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 95% by
wt. or more, of these amounts.
[0029] The anionic detergent active which may be used may be
aliphatic sulfonate(s), such as a primary alkane (e.g.,
C.sub.8-C.sub.22) sulfonate(s), primary alkane (e.g.,
C.sub.8-C.sub.22) disulfonate(s), C.sub.8-C.sub.22 alkene
sulfonate(s), C.sub.8-C.sub.22 hydroxyalkane sulfonate(s) or alkyl
glyceryl ether sulfonate(s) (AGS); or aromatic sulfonate(s) such as
alkyl benzene sulfonate.
[0030] The anionic may also be alkyl sulfate(s) (e.g.,
C.sub.12-C.sub.18 alkyl sulfate) or alkyl ether sulfate (including
alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates). Among the alkyl ether sulfate(s)
are those having the formula:
RO(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.nSO.sub.3M
[0031] wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl having 8 to 18 carbons,
preferably 12 to 18 carbons, n has an average value of greater than
1.0, preferably greater than 3; and M is a solubilizing cation such
as sodium, potassium, ammonium or substituted ammonium. Ammonium
and sodium lauryl ether sulfates are preferred.
[0032] The anionic may also be alkyl sulfosuccinate(s) (including
mono- and dialkyl, e.g., C.sub.6-C.sub.22 sulfosuccinate(s)); alkyl
and acyl taurate(s), alkyl and acyl sarcosinate(s),
sulfoacetate(s), C.sub.8-C.sub.22 alkyl phosphate(s) and
phosphate(s), alkyl phosphate ester(s) and alkoxyl alkyl phosphate
ester(s), acyl lactate(s), C.sub.8-C.sub.22 monoalkyl succinate(s)
and maleate(s), sulphoacetate(s), and alkyl glucoside(s) and the
like.
[0033] Sulfosuccinates may be monoalkyl sulfosuccinates having the
formula: R.sup.4O.sub.2CCH.sub.2CH(SO.sub.3M)CO.sub.2M; and
[0034] amide-MEA sulfosuccinates of the formula;
R.sup.4CONHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2O.sub.2CCH.sub.2CH(SO.sub.3M)CO.sub.2M
[0035] wherein R.sup.4 ranges from C.sub.8-C.sub.22 alkyl and M is
a solubilizing cation.
[0036] Sarcosinates are generally indicated by the formula:
R.sup.1CON(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CO.sub.2M,
[0037] wherein R.sup.1 ranges from C.sub.8-C.sub.20 alkyl and M is
a solubilizing cation.
[0038] Taurates are generally identified by formula:
R.sup.2CONR.sup.3CH.sub.2CH.sub.2SO.sub.3M
[0039] wherein R.sup.2 ranges from C.sub.8-C.sub.20 alkyl, R.sup.3
may be H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and M is a solubilizing
cation.
[0040] Monoacyl and/or diacyl C.sub.8-C.sub.18 isethionate
surfactants having the general formula:
RC--O(O)--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--SO.sub.3 M.sup.+ or
(RC--O(O)--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--SO.sub.3).sub.2M.sup.++
[0041] wherein R is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbons, and M is
a mono or divalent cation such as, for example, sodium, potassium,
ammonium, calcium and magnesium or other mono and divalent cations
may be used. Preferably the isethionates have an average iodine
value of less than 20.
Fatty Acid Soap
[0042] The inventive toilet bar composition includes soap. The term
"soap" is used here in its popular sense, i.e., the alkali metal or
alkanol ammonium salts of aliphatic alkane- or alkene
monocarboxylic acids preferably having about 6 to 22 carbon atoms,
more preferably about 6 to about 18 or about 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
They may be further described as alkali metal carboxylates of
aliphatic hydrocarbons. Sodium, potassium, mono-, di- and
tri-ethanol ammonium cations, or combinations thereof, are suitable
for purposes of this invention. In general, sodium soaps are used
in the compositions of this invention, but from about 1% to about
25% of the soap may be potassium soaps. The soaps may contain
unsaturation in accordance with commercially acceptable standards.
Excessive unsaturation is normally avoided to minimize color and
odor issues. Advantageously such soap(s) may be used in one
preferred embodiment in the range of about 15 to 25% by wt. or in
another preferred embodiment in a total concentration range of
about 7 to 10% by wt. or a further preferred embodiment in a total
concentration range of about 60 to 70% by wt.
[0043] Soaps may be made by the classic kettle boiling process or
modern continuous soap manufacturing processes wherein natural fats
and oils such as tallow or coconut oil or their equivalents are
saponified with an alkali metal hydroxide using procedures well
known to those skilled in the art. Alternatively, the soaps may be
made by neutralizing fatty acids, such as lauric (C12), myristic
(C14), palmitic (C16), or stearic (C18) acids with an alkali metal
hydroxide or carbonate.
[0044] Pyran Odor Masking Agents:
[0045] Specific examples of useful pyran type odor masking agents
for the inventive toilet bar preferably include compounds with the
structures described above, and the following specific compounds
with the structures below and the like: Figs. A & B ##STR5##
Figs. C & D ##STR6## Figs. E & F ##STR7##
[0046] Amphoteric Surfactants
[0047] One or more amphoteric surfactants may be used in this
invention. Amphoteric surfactants may be used from about 1, 2 or 3%
by wt. to about 5, 6 or 7% by wt. when necessary.
[0048] Such surfactants include at least one acid group. This may
be a carboxylic or a sulphonic acid group. They include quaternary
nitrogen and therefore are quaternary amido acids. They should
generally include an alkyl or alkenyl group of 7 to 18 carbon
atoms. They will usually comply with an overall structural formula:
R.sup.1--[--C(O)--NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n--].sub.m--N.sup.+--(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3-
)X--Y
[0049] where R.sup.1 is alkyl or alkenyl of 7 to 18 carbon
atoms;
[0050] R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently alkyl,
hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
[0051] n is 2 to 4;
[0052] m is 0 to 1;
[0053] X is alkylene of 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted
with hydroxyl, and
[0054] Y is --CO.sub.2-- or --SO.sub.3--
[0055] Suitable amphoteric surfactants within the above general
formula include simple betaines of formula:
R.sup.1--N.sup.+--(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)CH.sub.2CO.sub.2.sup.-
[0056] and amido betaines of formula:
R.sup.1--CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.n--N.sup.+--(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)CH.sub.2CO.sub.-
2.sup.-
[0057] where n is 2 or 3.
[0058] In both formulae R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined
previously. R.sup.1 may in particular be a mixture of C.sub.12 and
C.sub.14 alkyl groups derived from coconut oil so that at least
half, preferably at least three quarters of the groups R.sup.1 have
10 to 14 carbon atoms. R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are preferably
methyl.
[0059] A further possibility is that the amphoteric detergent is a
sulphobetaine of formula: R.sup.1--N.sup.+--(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)
(CH.sub.2).sub.3SO.sub.3.sup.- or
R.sup.1--CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.m--N.sup.+--(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)(CH.sub.2).sub.-
3SO.sub.3.sup.-
[0060] where m is 2 or 3, or variants of these in which
--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.- is replaced by
--CH.sub.2C(OH)(H)CH.sub.2SO.sub.3.sup.-
[0061] In these formulae R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as
discussed previously.
[0062] Amphoacetates and diamphoacetates are also intended to be
covered in the zwitterionic and/or amphoteric compounds which are
used such as e.g., sodium lauroamphoacetate, sodium
cocoamphoacetate, and blends thereof, and the like.
[0063] Nonionic Surfactants
[0064] One or more nonionic surfactants may also be used in the
toilet bar composition of the present invention. When present,
nonionic surfactants may be used at levels as low as about 1, 2 or
3% by wt. and as high as about 10, 15 or 20% by wt. in the
inventive toilet bars.
[0065] The nonionics which may be used include in particularly the
reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a
reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids,
amides or alkylphenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene
oxide either alone or with propylene oxide. Specific nonionic
detergent compounds are alkyl (C.sub.6-C.sub.22) phenols ethylene
oxide condensates, the condensation products of aliphatic
(C.sub.8-C.sub.18) primary or secondary linear or branched alcohols
with ethylene oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene
oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and
ethylenediamine. Other so-called nonionic detergent compounds
include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary
phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxide, and the like.
[0066] The nonionic may also be a sugar amide, such as a
polysaccharide amide. Specifically, the surfactant may be one of
the lactobionamides described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,279 to Au et
al. titled "Compositions Comprising Nonionic Glycolipid Surfactants
issued Feb. 14, 1995; which is hereby incorporated by reference or
it may be one of the sugar amides described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,009,814 to Kelkenberg, titled "Use of N-Poly Hydroxyalkyl Fatty
Acid Amides as Thickening Agents for Liquid Aqueous Surfactant
Systems" issued Apr. 23, 1991; hereby incorporated into the subject
application by reference.
[0067] Cationic Skin Conditioning Agents
[0068] An optional component in compositions according to the
invention is a cationic skin feel agent or polymer, such as for
example cationic celluloses or polyquarterium compounds.
[0069] Advantageously cationic skin feel agent(s) or polymer(s) are
used from about 0.01, 0.1 or 0.2% by wt. to about 1, 1.5 or 2.0% by
wt. in the inventive toilet bars.
[0070] Cationic cellulose is available from Amerchol Corp. (Edison,
N.J., USA) in their Polymer JR (trade mark) and LR (trade mark)
series of polymers, as salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with
trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide, referred to in the industry
(CTFA) as Polyquaternium 10. Another type of cationic cellulose
includes the polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl
cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethyl ammonium-substituted
epoxide, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 24.
These materials are available from Amerchol Corp. (Edison, N.J.,
USA) under the tradename Polymer LM-200, and quaternary ammonium
compounds such as alkyldimethylammonium halogenides.
[0071] A particularly suitable type of cationic polysaccharide
polymer that can be used is a cationic guar gum derivative, such as
guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride (Commercially available from
Rhone-Poulenc in their JAGUAR trademark series). Examples are
JAGUAR C13S, which has a low degree of substitution of the cationic
groups and high viscosity, JAGUAR C15, having a moderate degree of
substitution and a low viscosity, JAGUAR C17 (high degree of
substitution, high viscosity), JAGUAR C16, which is a
hydroxypropylated cationic guar derivative containing a low level
of substituent groups as well as cationic quaternary ammonium
groups, and JAGUAR 162 which is a high transparency, medium
viscosity guar having a low degree of substitution.
[0072] Particularly preferred cationic polymers are JAGUAR C13S,
JAGUAR C15, JAGUAR C17 and JAGUAR C16 and JAGUAR C162, especially
Jaguar C13S. Other cationic skin feel agents known in the art may
be used provided that they are compatible with the inventive
formulation.
[0073] Other preferred cationic compounds that are useful in the
present invention include amido quaternary ammonium compounds such
as quaternary ammonium propionate and lactate salts, and quaternary
ammonium hydrolyzates of silk or wheat protein, and the like. Many
of these compounds can be obtained as the Mackine.TM. Amido
Functional Amines, Mackalene.TM. Amido functional Tertiary Amine
Salts, and Mackpro.RTM. cationic protein hydrolysates from the
McIntyre Group Ltd. (University Park, Ill.).
[0074] In a preferred skin cleansing embodiment of the invention
having a hydrolyzed protein conditioning agent, the average
molecular weight of the hydrolyzed protein is preferably about
2500. Preferably 90% of the hydrolyzed protein is between a
molecular weight of about 1500 to about 3500. In a preferred
embodiment, MACKPRO.TM. WWP (i.e. wheat germ amido dimethylamine
hydrolyzed wheat protein) is added at a concentration of 0.1% (as
is) in the bar. This results in a MACKPRO.TM. WWP "solids" of
0.035% in the final bar formula for this embodiment.
[0075] Cationic Surfactants
[0076] One or more cationic surfactants may also be used in the
inventive toilet bar composition. When desired, cationic
surfactants may be used from about 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0% by wt. to about
1.5, 2.0 or 2.5% by wt.
[0077] Examples of cationic detergents are the quaternary ammonium
compounds such as alkyldimethylammonium halogenides.
[0078] Other suitable surfactants which may be used are described
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,723,325 to Parran Jr. titled "Detergent
Compositions Containing Particle Deposition Enhancing Agents"
issued Mar. 27, 1973; and "Surface Active Agents and Detergents"
(Vol. I & II) by Schwartz, Perry & Berch, both of which are
also incorporated into the subject application by reference.
[0079] In addition, the toilet bar composition of the invention may
include 0 to about 15% by wt. optional ingredients as follows:
sequestering agents, such as tetrasodium
ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), EHDP or mixtures in an amount
of about 0.01 to 1%, preferably about 0.01 to 0.05%; and coloring
agents, opacifiers and pearlizers such as zinc stearate, magnesium
stearate, TiO.sub.2, EGMS (ethylene glycol monostearate) or Lytron
621 (Styrene/Acrylate copolymer) and the like; all of which are
useful in enhancing the appearance or cosmetic properties of the
product. Perfumes may be included at levels of less than about 2,
1, 0.5 or preferably less than about 0.3, 0.2 or 0.1% by wt.
[0080] The compositions may further comprise preservatives such as
dimethyloldimethylhydantoin (Glydant XL1000), parabens, sorbic acid
etc., and the like. The compositions may also comprise coconut acyl
mono- or diethanol amides as suds boosters, and strongly ionizing
salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate may also be used
to advantage. Antioxidants such as, for example, butylated
hydroxytoluene (BHT) and the like may be used advantageously in
amounts of about 0.01% or higher if appropriate.
[0081] Skin conditioning agents such as emollients are
advantageously used in the present invention for personal toilet
bar compositions. Hydrophilic emollients including humectants such
as polyhydric alcohols, e.g. glycerin and propylene glycol, and the
like; polyols such as the polyethylene glycols listed below, and
the like and hydrophilic plant extracts may be used. Advantageously
humectants may be used from about 0.01, 0.2 or 1.0% by wt. to about
3, 5 or 10% by wt. in a toilet bar. Humectants may also confer the
ability for the bar to retain water. TABLE-US-00001 Polyox WSR-205
PEG 14M, Polyox WSR-N-60K PEG 45M, or Polyox WSR-N-750 PEG 7M.
[0082] Hydrophobic emollients may be used in the inventive toilet
bar. Advantageously hydrophobic emollients may be used from about
5, 10 or 15% by wt. to about 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45% by wt. in the
inventive toilet bar.
[0083] The term "emollient" is defined as a substance which softens
or improves the elasticity, appearance, and youthfulness of the
skin (stratum corneum) by increasing its water content, and keeps
it soft by retarding the decrease of its water content.
[0084] Useful hydrophobic emollients include the following:
[0085] (a) silicone oils and modifications thereof such as linear
and cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes; amino, alkyl, alkylaryl, and aryl
silicone oils;
[0086] (b) fats and oils including natural fats and oils such as
jojoba, soybean, sunflower, rice bran, avocado, almond, olive,
sesame, persic, castor, coconut, mink oils; cacao fat; beef tallow,
lard; hardened oils obtained by hydrogenating the aforementioned
oils; and synthetic mono, di and triglycerides such as myristic
acid glyceride and 2-ethylhexanoic acid glyceride;
[0087] (c) waxes such as carnauba, spermaceti, beeswax, lanolin,
and derivatives thereof;
[0088] (d) hydrophobic plant extracts;
[0089] (e) hydrocarbons such as liquid paraffin, petrolatum,
microcrystalline wax, ceresin, squalene, pristan and mineral
oil;
[0090] (f) higher fatty acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic,
stearic, behenic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, lanolic, isostearic,
arachidonic and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA);
[0091] (g) higher alcohols such as lauryl, cetyl, stearyl, oleyl,
behenyl, cholesterol and 2-hexydecanol alcohol;
[0092] (h) esters such as cetyl octanoate, myristyl lactate, cetyl
lactate, isopropyl myristate, myristyl myristate, isopropyl
palmitate, isopropyl adipate, butyl stearate, decyl oleate,
cholesterol isostearate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol
distearate, glycerol tristearate, alkyl lactate, alkyl citrate and
alkyl tartrate;
[0093] (i) essential oils and extracts thereof such as mentha,
jasmine, camphor, white cedar, bitter orange peel, ryu, turpentine,
cinnamon, bergamot, citrus unshiu, calamus, pine, lavender, bay,
clove, hiba, eucalyptus, lemon, starflower, thyme, peppermint,
rose, sage, sesame, ginger, basil, juniper, lemon grass, rosemary,
rosewood, avocado, grape, grapeseed, myrrh, cucumber, watercress,
calendula, elder flower, geranium, linden blossom, amaranth,
seaweed, ginko, ginseng, carrot, guarana, tea tree, jojoba,
comfrey, oatmeal, cocoa, neroli, vanilla, green tea, penny royal,
aloe vera, menthol, cineole, eugenol, citral, citronelle, borneol,
linalool, geraniol, evening primrose, camphor, thymol, spirantol,
penene, limonene and terpenoid oils; and
[0094] (j) mixtures of any of the foregoing components, and the
like.
[0095] Preferred hydrophobic emollient moisturizing agents are
selected from fatty acids, di and triglyceride oils, mineral oils,
petrolatum, silicone oils, and mixtures thereof; with fatty acids
being most preferred for the toilet bar. Advantageously such fatty
acids may be used in one preferred embodiment in the range of about
25 to 30% by wt. or in another preferred embodiment in a total
concentration range of about 20 to 25% by wt. or in a further
preferred embodiment in a total concentration range of about 2 to
10% by wt.
Krafft Point
[0096] The Krafft point of a surfactant is defined as the
temperature (or more precisely, the narrow temperature range) above
which the solubility of a surfactant rises sharply. At this
temperature the solubility of the surfactant becomes equal to the
critical micelle concentration. It may be determined by locating
the abrupt change in slope of a graph of the logarithm of the
solubility against temperature or 1/T or can be rapidly estimated
using the rapid estimation procedure described below.
Exfoliants
[0097] The inventive toilet bar may contain particles that are
greater than 50 microns in average diameter that help remove dry
skin. Not being bound by theory, the degree of exfoliation depends
on the size and morphology of the particles. Large and rough
particles are usually very harsh and irritating. Very small
particles may not serve as effective exfoliants. Such exfoliants
used in the art include natural minerals such as silica, talc,
calcite, pumice, tricalcium phosphate; seeds such as rice, apricot
seeds, etc; crushed shells such as almond and walnut shells;
oatmeal; polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene beads,
flower petals and leaves; microcrystalline wax beads; jojoba ester
beads, and the like. These exfoliants come in a variety of particle
sizes and morphology ranging from micron sized to a few mm. They
also have a range of hardness. Some examples are given in table A
below. TABLE-US-00002 TABLE A Material Hardness (Mohs) Talc 1
Calcite 3 Pumice 4-6 Walnut Shells 3-4 Dolomite 4 Polyethylene
.about.1
[0098] Optional Active Agents
[0099] Advantageously, active agents other than skin conditioning
agents defined above may be added to the inventive toilet bar.
These active ingredients may be advantageously selected from
bactericides, vitamins, anti-acne actives; anti-wrinkle, anti-skin
atrophy and skin repair actives; skin barrier repair actives;
non-steroidal cosmetic soothing actives; artificial tanning agents
and accelerators; skin lightening actives; sunscreen actives; sebum
stimulators; sebum inhibitors; anti-oxidants; protease inhibitors;
skin tightening agents; anti-itch ingredients; hair growth
inhibitors; 5-alpha reductase inhibitors; desquamating enzyme
enhancers; anti-glycation agents; or mixtures thereof; and the
like.
[0100] These active agents may be selected from water-soluble
active agents, oil soluble active agents, pharmaceutically
acceptable salts and mixtures thereof. The term "active agent" as
used herein, means personal care actives which can be used to
deliver a benefit to the skin and/or hair and which generally are
not used to confer a skin conditioning benefit, such are delivered
by emollients as defined above. The term "safe and effective
amount" as used herein, means an amount of active agent high enough
to modify the condition to be treated or to deliver the desired
skin care benefit, but low enough to avoid serious side effects.
The term "benefit," as used herein, means the therapeutic,
prophylactic, and/or chronic benefits associated with treating a
particular condition with one or more of the active agents
described herein. What is a safe and effective amount of the active
agent(s) will vary with the specific active agent, the ability of
the active to penetrate through the skin, the age, health
condition, and skin condition of the user, and other like factors.
Preferably the personal toilet bar compositions of the present
invention comprise from about 0.0001% to 50%, more preferably from
about 0.05% to 25%, even more preferably about 0.1% to 10%, and
most preferably about 0.1% % to 5%, by weight of the active agent
component(s).
[0101] A wide variety of active agent ingredients are useful for
the inventive personal toilet bar compositions and include those
selected from anti-acne actives, anti-wrinkle and anti-skin atrophy
actives, skin barrier repair aids, cosmetic soothing aids, topical
anesthetics, artificial tanning agents and accelerators, skin
lightening actives, antimicrobial and antifungal actives, sunscreen
actives, sebum stimulators, sebum inhibitors, anti-glycation
actives and mixtures thereof and the like.
[0102] Anti-acne actives can be effective in treating acne
vulgaris, a chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous follicles.
Nonlimiting examples of useful anti-acne actives include the
keratolytics such as salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid),
derivatives of salicylic acid such as 5-octanoyl salicylic acid and
4 methoxysalicylic acid, and resorcinol; retinoids such as retinoic
acid and its derivatives (e.g., cis and trans); sulfur-containing D
and L amino acids and their derivatives and salts, particularly
their N-acetyl derivatives, mixtures thereof and the like.
[0103] Antimicrobial and antifungal actives can be effective to
prevent the proliferation and growth of bacteria and fungi.
Nonlimiting examples of antimicrobial and antifungal actives
include b-lactam drugs, quinolone drugs, ciprofloxacin,
norfloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, amikacin,
2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether,
3,4,4'-Trichlorocarbanilide (triclocarban), phenoxyethanol,
2,4,4'-Trichloro-2'-Hydroxy Diphenyl Ether (triclosan); and
mixtures thereof and the like.
[0104] Anti-wrinkle, anti-skin atrophy and skin repair actives can
be effective in replenishing or rejuvenating the epidermal layer.
These actives generally provide these desirable skin care benefits
by promoting or maintaining the natural process of desquamation.
Nonlimiting examples of antiwrinkle and anti-skin atrophy actives
include vitamins, minerals, and skin nutrients such as milk,
vitamins A, E, and K; vitamin alkyl esters, including vitamin C
alkyl esters; magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc and other metallic
components; retinoic acid and its derivatives (e.g., cis and
trans); retinal; retinol; retinyl esters such as retinyl acetate,
retinyl palmitate, and retinyl propionate; vitamin B 3 compounds
(such as niacinamide and nicotinic acid), alpha hydroxy acids, beta
hydroxy acids, e.g. salicylic acid and derivatives thereof (such as
5-octanoyl salicylic acid, heptyloxy 4 salicylic acid, and
4-methoxy salicylic acid); mixtures thereof and the like.
[0105] Skin barrier repair actives are those skin care actives
which can help repair and replenish the natural moisture barrier
function of the epidermis. Nonlimiting examples of skin barrier
repair actives include lipids such as cholesterol, ceramides,
sucrose esters and pseudo-ceramides as described in European Patent
Specification No. 556,957; ascorbic acid; biotin; biotin esters;
phospholipids, mixtures thereof, and the like.
[0106] Non-steroidal Cosmetic Soothing Actives can be effective in
preventing or treating inflammation of the skin. The soothing
active enhances the skin appearance benefits of the present
invention, e.g., such agents contribute to a more uniform and
acceptable skin tone or color. Nonlimiting examples of cosmetic
soothing agents include the following categories: propionic acid
derivatives; acetic acid derivatives; fenamic acid derivatives;
mixtures thereof and the like. Many of these cosmetic soothing
actives are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,985,459 to Sunshine et
al., issued Jan. 15, 1991, incorporated by reference herein in its
entirety.
[0107] Artificial tanning actives can help in simulating a natural
suntan by increasing melanin in the skin or by producing the
appearance of increased melanin in the skin. Nonlimiting examples
of artificial tanning agents and accelerators include
dihydroxyacetaone; tyrosine; tyrosine esters such as ethyl
tyrosinate and glucose tyrosinate; mixtures thereof, and the
like.
[0108] Skin lightening actives can actually decrease the amount of
melanin in the skin or provide such an effect by other mechanisms.
Nonlimiting examples of skin lightening actives useful herein
include aloe extract, alpha-glyceryl-L-ascorbic acid,
aminotyrosine, ammonium lactate, glycolic acid, hydroquinone, 4
hydroxyanisole, mixtures thereof, and the like.
[0109] Also useful for the inventive personal toilet bar
compositions are sunscreen actives. A wide variety of sunscreen
agents are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,087,445, to Haffey et al.,
issued Feb. 11, 1992; U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,372, to Turner et al.,
issued Dec. 17, 1991; U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,371, to Turner et al.
issued Dec. 17, 1991; and Segarin, et al., at Chapter VIII, pages
189 et seq., of Cosmetics Science and Technology, all of which are
incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Nonlimiting
examples of sunscreens which are useful in the compositions of the
present invention are those selected from the group consisting of
octyl methoxyl cinnamate (Parsol MCX) and butyl methoxy
benzoylmethane (Parsol 1789), 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate,
2-ethylhexyl N,N-dimethyl-p-aminobenzoate, p-aminobenzoic acid,
2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, oxybenzone, mixtures
thereof, and the like.
[0110] Sebum stimulators can increase the production of sebum by
the sebaceous glands. Nonlimiting examples of sebum stimulating
actives include bryonolic acid, dehydroetiandrosterone (DHEA),
orizanol, mixtures thereof, and the like.
[0111] Sebum inhibitors can decrease the production of sebum by the
sebaceous glands. Nonlimiting examples of useful sebum inhibiting
actives include aluminum hydroxy chloride, corticosteroids,
dehydroacetic acid and its salts, dichlorophenyl imidazoldioxolan
(available from Elubiol), mixtures thereof, and the like.
[0112] Also useful as actives in the inventive personal toilet bar
compositions are protease inhibitors. Protease inhibitors can be
divided into two general classes: the proteinases and the
peptidases. Proteinases act on specific interior peptide bonds of
proteins and peptidases act on peptide bonds adjacent to a free
amino or carboxyl group on the end of a protein and thus cleave the
protein from the outside. The protease inhibitors suitable for use
in the inventive personal toilet bar compositions include, but are
not limited to, proteinases such as serine proteases,
metalloproteases, cysteine proteases, and aspartyl protease, and
peptidases, such as carboxypepidases, dipeptidases and
aminopepidases, mixtures thereof and the like.
[0113] Other useful active ingredients in the inventive personal
toilet bar compositions are skin tightening agents. Nonlimiting
examples of skin tightening agents which are useful in the
compositions of the present invention include monomers which can
bind a polymer to the skin such as terpolymers of vinylpyrrolidone,
(meth)acrylic acid and a hydrophobic monomer comprised of long
chain alkyl (meth)acrylates, mixtures thereof, and the like.
[0114] Active ingredients in the inventive personal toilet bar
compositions may also include anti-itch ingredients. Suitable
examples of anti-itch ingredients which are useful in the
compositions of the present invention include hydrocortisone,
methdilizine and trimeprazine, mixtures thereof, and the like.
[0115] Nonlimiting examples of hair growth inhibitors which are
useful in the inventive personal toilet bar compositions include 17
beta estradiol, anti angiogenic steroids, curcuma extract,
cycloxygenase inhibitors, evening primrose oil, linoleic acid and
the like. Suitable 5-alpha reductase inhibitors such as
ethynylestradiol and, genistine mixtures thereof, and the like.
[0116] Nonlimiting examples of desquamating enzyme enhancers which
are useful in the inventive personal toilet bar compositions
include alanine, aspartic acid, N methyl serine, serine, trimethyl
glycine, mixtures thereof, and the like.
[0117] A nonlimiting example of an anti-glycation agent which is
useful in the compositions of the present invention would be
Amadorine (available from Barnet Products Distributor), and the
like.
[0118] Except in the operating and comparative examples, or where
otherwise explicitly indicated, all numbers in this description
indicating amounts of material ought to be understood as modified
by the word "about".
[0119] The following examples will more fully illustrate the
embodiments of this invention. All parts, percentages and
proportions referred to herein and in the appended claims are by
weight unless otherwise illustrated. Physical test methods are
described below. The following inventive toilet bar compositions
may be formulated according to the manufacturing methods described
below:
EXAMPLE 1
[0120] Useful synthetic detergent toilet bars according to the
present invention (Inv.) as compared to a comparative bar (Comp.)
can be prepared according to table 1: TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1 A B C
D Ingredients (Comp.) (Inv.) (Inv.) (Inv.) Sodium cocyl isethionate
50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 Sodium Isethionate 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Stearic acid 23.00 23.40 23.20 23.00 Coco betaine 3.00 3.00 3.00
3.00 82/18 tallow/coco Soap 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
Preservatives/Opacifiers 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Sodium Stearate 1.50
1.50 1.50 1.50 Coconut fatty acid 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Ethyl maltol
or maltol 0.003 0.004 0.01 Polyol (e.g. Dipropylene 0.597 0.796
0.99 glycol (DPG)) Perfume 1.00 Water 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Total
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
EXAMPLE 2
[0121] Useful combination toilet bars according to the present
invention (Inv.) as compared to a comparative bar (Comp.) can be
prepared according to table 2: TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 2 E F G H
Ingredients (Comp.) (Inv.) (Inv.) (Inv.) 70/30 tallow/coco Soap
76.46 74.45 63.960 68.700 base Sodium cocoyl isethionate 20.000
10.000 Stearic acid 5.00 5.00 4.000 5.000 Alpha C10-14 olefin 3.00
3.00 2.000 sulfonate Cocoamidopropyl betaine 3.00 3.00 2.000
Preservatives/Opacifiers 0.54 0.54 0.540 0.540 Maltol 0.01 0.003
0.004 Polyol (DPG) 2.00 0.497 0.756 Petrolatum/Mineral Oil 2 2 1 1
Water 10.00 10.00 10.000 10.000 Total 100.00 100.00 100.000
100.000
EXAMPLE 3
[0122] Useful synthetic toilet bars with maltol and/or ethyl maltol
and reduced fragrance level according to the present invention
(Inv.) as compared to a comparative bar (Comp.) can be prepared
according to table 3: TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 3 I J K L Ingredients
(Comp.) (Inv.) (Inv.) (Inv.) Sodium cocoyl 50 50 49.5 49.2
isethionate Sodium isethionate 10 10 10 10 Stearic acid 23 23.4
23.4 23.4 Coco betaine 3 3 3 3 82/18 Soap 4 4 4 4 (tallow/coco)
Preservatives/Opacifiers 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Sodium stearate 1.5 1.5
1.5 1.5 Coconut fatty acid 2 2 2 2 Water 5 5 5 5 Ethyl maltol or
maltol 0.003 0.003 0.003 Dipropylene glycol 0.597 0.597 0.597
Perfume 1 0.5 0.8 Total 100 100 100 100
EXAMPLE 4
[0123] Useful synthetic toilet bars with maltol and/or ethyl maltol
in place of some or all of the maltol and reduced fragrance level
according to the present invention (Inv.) as compared to a
comparative bar (Comp.) can be prepared according to table 4:
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 4 M O P Q R S T Ingredients (Comp.) (Inv.)
(Inv.) (Inv.) (Inv.) (Inv.) (Inv.) Sodium Cocoyl 37.0 35.49 47.5
35.74 32.74 29.74 37.24 Isethionate Sodium C14-16 3.0 3.0 -- 3.0 --
3.0 3.0 Olefin Sulfonate Cocamidopropyl -- -- 3.0 -- -- -- --
Betaine Starch -- -- -- -- 5.0 -- -- Kaolin -- -- -- -- -- 5.0 --
Calcium Sulfate -- -- -- 1.0 -- -- -- Sodium Lauryl -- -- -- -- --
-- 2.5 Sulfate Coco Sulfosuccinate -- -- -- -- 5.0 -- -- Coconut
Acid 5.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 Stearic Acid 19.75 20.0 16.0 20.0
16.0 20.0 15.0 Sodium Stearate 10.0 10.0 4.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Titanium Dioxide 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Sodium Chloride
0.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- 82/18 Tallow/Coco 13.0 13.0 12.0 13.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 Soap Sodium Isethionate 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Water
5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 Maltol 0.01 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004
0.004 Polyol (DPG) 0.75 2.00 0.497 0.756 0.756 0.756 0.756
Preservatives 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Total: 100 100 100
100 100 100 100
Processing Method:
[0124] The bar can be formulated as follows:
[0125] In the syndet bar process, first melt the emollients and
structurants by heating above 90 C in a z-blade mixer. Then add the
anionic surfactants in the mixer and homogenize the mass to form
the base. Other optional ingredients such as titanium dioxide,
brighteners and clays can be added to the mixer at this time. The
free water content of the mass is optimally adjusted to about 5-6%.
The resulting doughy or flowable liquid mass is then chill roll
milled. The milled mass is added in the chip mixer and the rest of
the minor ingredients such as color, optional fragrance and
specialty ingredients are added and mixed. Ethyl maltol is added at
this point and mixed with the base. It has been observed that the
pre-dilution of ethyl maltol (EM) in polyol(s) or perfume(s)
provides better dispersion in the final product. Different types of
polyols may be used to solubilize EM. Surprisingly it was observed
that the color and the odor of the inventive toilet bar were more
stable in dipropylene glycol (DPG) after aging for 4 weeks at
43.degree. C. Another observation is that in the initial stage one
can detect the characteristic odor of Maltol, which is described as
a fruity candy-like odor, but on aging for a period of about 2-3
weeks this characteristic odor slowly disappears and the bar
becomes nearly odorless provided that the bar does not contain
added perfume. In the instant invention in a preferred embodiment,
a premix is made separately with EM and the polyol; e.g. EM is
mixed with DPG at 0.5% by wt. level. This pre-mix is added in the
base at 0.1-2.0% level or more as desired in the chip-mixer. The
mixed mass is then milled/refined and extruded. The extruded bars
are stamped and cartoned/wrapped.
[0126] The combar toilet bars can be made by mixing the maltol
blend with the base and other ingredients in the chip mixer. Then
the mixed mass can be processed to get the final bar by the method
mentioned above.
[0127] Cast Melt Bars.
[0128] Flowable and castable inventive compositions can be made
using art recognized and other equivalent techniques. Suitable
compositions may be made by adding low Kraftt point
surfactants/structurants/emollients/humectants/solvents, etc
(preferably surfactant KP<30 C) and/or water in a total range of
10-30% by wt., preferably greater than 10%, 12%, 14, and 15% by wt.
Very high levels are preferably avoided in order to minimize the
mush factor of the cast melt toilet bar.
[0129] In a preferred embodiment, a mixture of sodium cocoyl
isethionate, and magnesium cocoyl isethionate is structured by
using an effective quantity of sodium stearate or 12 hydroxystearic
acid in presence of emollients for skin conditioning such as e.g.
glycerin, propylene glycol and/or fatty alcohols. These emollients
act as solubilizers which are needed to obtain a homogeneous liquid
at elevated temperature which on cooling yields a hard bar as
determined by its yield stress. Optionally a quantity of
cosurfactants with Krafft point preferably less than 30 C can also
be used in the formulations.
[0130] Method of making the bars:
[0131] In addition to the inventive odor masking agent, optional
fragrance, sunflower seed oil, SCl and MgCl.sub.2, the remainder of
the ingredients are added in a mixer. The mixture is heated to
about 90 C and mixed slowly to make a homogeneous liquid. SCl and
MgCl.sub.2 is added slowly and dissolved at about 100 C. Once the
mass is homogeneous, the temperature is brought to about 80 C and
sunflower seed oil is added slowly with continuous mixing.
Fragrance is optionally added to the homogeneous mass preferably at
about 70 C to avoid fragrance deterioration. This homogeneous
off-white liquid is poured into molds. The molds are cooled by
suitable cooling techniques or under ambient conditions to obtain
solid bars.
Description of Test Methods
Test Methods
A) Analytical Method for Estimating the Maltol, Ethyl Maltol or Its
Derivatives and Analogues Content of a Toilet Bar.
[0132] Pyran type odor masking compounds such as maltol and ethyl
maltol can be quantified using the following Solid Phase Micro
Extraction (SPME) Headspace Sampling method applied to the toilet
bar.
[0133] A CTC Analytics Pal automated SPME sampling system was used
to sample the headspace of bar soap samples. The SPME fiber was
then desorbed into a GC-MS. The following parameters were used:
Sample Preparation:
2 g sample into 20 ml headspace sampling vial
Vial was sealed with septum crimp cap
SPME Headspace Sampling Parameters:
Equilibration time: 2 mins.
Sampling Time: 30 mins.
Sample temperature: 35.degree. C.
SPME Fiber: DVB/CAR/PDMS (gray) Supelco (Belleton, Pa.) part #
57299-U
SPME Fiber Desorption Parameters:
Inlet temp: 250.degree. C.
Desorption time: 5 mins
GC-MS Parameters:
Column: SPB-1 30 m.times.0.25 mm.times.0.25 um thickness (100%
Methyl Silicone column obtained from Supelco (Belleton, Pa.).
Carrier gas: helium
Flow: 1 ml/min
Split mode: Splitless
Oven: 50.degree. C. hold for 3 mins.
Ramp: 6.degree. C./Min
Final temperature: 240 hold for 10 mins.
Total time: 45 mins
Detector: Agilent Mass Selective detector
Configuration: Scan 35-350
B) Method for Calculation of Yield Stress with Cheese Cutter
Device
[0134] An approximate value for yield stress can be determined by
the cheese cutter method. The principle of the measurement is that
a wire penetrating into a material with a constant force will come
to rest when the force on the wire due to stress balances the
weight. The force balance is: Weight driving wire=force on wire due
to material stress mg=KysID where m=mass driving wire (actual mass
used in calculation is the mass placed on the device plus the
weight of the arm which adds to the extra weight on the sample)
g=gravitational constant, 9.8 m/sec.sup.2 ys=yield stress I=length
of penetration of wire into soap after 1 minute (mm) D=diameter of
wire (mm) K=a geometrical constant The final equation is:
ys=(3/8)mg/(ID) Procedure: Cut a square of soap and position on the
yield stress device. Place a mass on the yield stress device while
holding the arm. 400 g is an appropriate mass, although less might
be needed for a very soft material. Gently lower the arm so the
wire just touches the soap and let the arm go. Stop the vertical
motion of the arm after one minute, and push the soap through the
wire horizontally to cut a wedge out of the sample. Take the mass
off the device and then measure the length of the cut in the
sample. The wire would continue to cut the soap at a slow rate, but
the length of the cut made by the wire in one minute is taken as
the final value. Measure the temperature of the soap while the test
proceeds. Sample Calculation:
[0135] A 400 gram weight is used on the yield stress device and a
22 mm slice is measured where the wire has cut the soap after 1
minute. Assuming the diameter of the wire is 0.6 mm, the
approximate yield stress is ( 3 / 8 ) .times. ( 400 + 56 ) .times.
[ g ] .times. .times. 9.8 .times. [ m .times. / .times. sec 2 ]
.times. .times. 10 - 3 .times. [ kg .times. / .times. g ] 22
.times. [ mm ] .times. .times. 0.6 .times. [ mm ] .times. .times.
10 - 6 .times. [ m 2 .times. / .times. mm 2 ] = 1.3105 .times.
.times. Pa .times. .times. or .times. .times. 130 .times. .times.
kPa ##EQU1##
[0136] Optionally an Instron testing device (supplied by Instron
Co., Boston, Mass.) may be used instead of a weight to apply stress
to the wire contacting the bar.
c) Krafft Point Determination
[0137] Make up a 10% by wt. solution of surfactant or other sample
in water. If needed, heat the system to dissolve the sample
completely. Transfer the clear solution to a glass test tube. Place
the test tube in a beaker equipped with a stirrer and filled with
sufficient water to evenly cool the surfactant or sample solution.
The solution should be cooled with continuous stirring and the
temperature should be continuously recorded. Note the temperature
when the crystallization process begins such that the solution
becomes turbid. This temperature is taken as the Krafft point. If
the crystallization temperature is below room temperature, add ice
to the beaker to cool the test tube below room temperature to
measure the subambient Krafft point.
d) Zein Test Method
[0138] The inventive toilet bar composition (especially for
personal cleansing of the skin and hair) preferably has a zein
solubility of under about 50, 40, 30, and most preferably under
about 25 using the zein solubility method set forth below. The
lower the zein score, the milder the product is considered to be.
This method involves measuring the solubility of zein (corn
protein) in cleansing base solutions as follows:
[0139] 0.3 g of cleansing base and 29.7 g of water at room
temperature (25 C).
[0140] are mixed thoroughly. To this is added 1.5 g of zein, and
mixed for 1 hour. The mixture is then centrifuged for 30 minutes at
3000 rpm. After centrifugation, the pellet is extracted, washed
with water, and dried in a vacuum oven for 24 hours until
substantially all the water has evaporated. The weight of the dried
pellet is measured and percent zein solubilized is calculated using
the following equation: % Zein solubilized=100 (1-weight of dried
pellet/1.5).
[0141] The % Zein is further described in the following references:
E. Gotte, Skin compatibility of tensides measured by their capacity
for dissolving zein protein, Proc. IV International Congress of
Surface Active Substances, Brussels, 1964, pp 83-90.
[0142] While this invention has been described with respect to
particular embodiments thereof, it is apparent that numerous other
forms and modifications of the invention will be obvious to those
skilled in the art. The appended claims and this invention
generally should be construed to cover all such obvious forms and
modifications which are within the true spirit and scope of the
present invention.
* * * * *