U.S. patent application number 11/352136 was filed with the patent office on 2006-06-15 for aquifer recharge valve and method.
Invention is credited to Kent R. Madison.
Application Number | 20060127184 11/352136 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36584084 |
Filed Date | 2006-06-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060127184 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Madison; Kent R. |
June 15, 2006 |
Aquifer recharge valve and method
Abstract
An aquifer recharge valve assembly comprises a valve movable
along the interior of a pipe section to open and close aquifer
recharge openings through the pipe section. The position of the
valve controls the extent to which the recharge openings are
available for delivery of recharge water into the aquifer. The
valve may be a seamless resilient cylinder which expands due to
well head pressure to assist in sealing the recharge openings when
the valve is closed.
Inventors: |
Madison; Kent R.; (Echo,
OR) |
Correspondence
Address: |
KLARQUIST SPARKMAN, LLP
121 SW SALMON STREET
SUITE 1600
PORTLAND
OR
97204
US
|
Family ID: |
36584084 |
Appl. No.: |
11/352136 |
Filed: |
February 9, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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10940787 |
Sep 13, 2004 |
|
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11352136 |
Feb 9, 2006 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
405/41 ;
405/184.1; 405/36; 405/40 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B 34/101 20130101;
Y02A 20/406 20180101; E21B 34/12 20130101; E21B 34/10 20130101;
E03B 3/34 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
405/041 ;
405/036; 405/040; 405/184.1 |
International
Class: |
E02B 11/00 20060101
E02B011/00; E02B 13/00 20060101 E02B013/00 |
Claims
1. An aquifer recharge valve assembly comprising: a pipe section
comprising a wall with an interior surface and an exterior surface;
at least one aperture extending through the wall; and a valve
positioned within the interior of the pipe section and movable
between a first closed position in which the valve overlies a
portion of the interior surface of the wall and the at least one
aperture and at least one open position wherein the valve is
shifted so as to no longer overlie the at least one aperture at
least in part such that aquifer recharge water may flow through the
aperture and into the aquifer, wherein the valve has flexibility
such that when the valve is in the closed position, a head of water
pressure within the pipe section forces the valve outwardly against
the overlaid at least one aperture; a valve actuator for moving the
valve between the first closed position and the at least one open
position, the valve actuator comprising at least one hydraulic
piston coupled to the valve, a first hydraulic fluid chamber
associated with said at least one piston, said at least one piston
being movable in a direction to urge the valve toward one of said
first closed position and said at least one open position upon
delivery of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic fluid chamber
associated with said at least one piston.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein there is only one of
said hydraulic pistons.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said hydraulic piston
is movable in a direction to urge the valve toward said first
closed position upon delivery of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic
fluid chamber associated with said hydraulic piston.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3 comprising a biasing mechanism
coupled to the valve to bias the valve toward said at least one
open position.
5. An apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the pipe section has a
longitudinal axis and is blocked to prevent the flow of water
through the pipe section in the direction of the longitudinal axis
of the pipe section, and wherein upon relief of hydraulic fluid
pressure on the hydraulic fluid delivered to the hydraulic fluid
chamber, the piston is movable in a direction to urge the valve
toward said at least one open position in response to the pressure
of water within the pipe section.
6. An apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said hydraulic piston
is movable in a direction to urge the valve toward at least one
open position upon delivery of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic
fluid chamber associated with said hydraulic piston.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6 comprising a biasing member
coupled to the valve to bias the valve toward the first closed
position.
8. An apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the pipe section has a
longitudinal axis and is blocked to prevent the flow of water
through the pipe section in the direction of the longitudinal axis
of the pipe section, and wherein upon relief of hydraulic fluid
pressure on the hydraulic fluid delivered to the hydraulic fluid
chamber, the piston is movable in a direction to urge the valve
toward said first closed position in response to the pressure of
water within the pipe section.
9. An apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the valve comprises a
valve cylinder of a polymer material with an exterior surface that
is sized to slide along a portion of the interior of the pipe
section, the apparatus further comprising a valve coupler that
couples the valve to the at least one hydraulic piston.
10. An apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the valve cylinder
comprises first and second valve end portions and a plurality of
axially extending bores that extend between the first and second
end portions of the valve cylinder, wherein the valve coupler
comprises a plurality of coupling members respectively each
extending through an associated bore, each coupling member having a
first end portion coupled to the at least one hydraulic piston.
11. An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the coupling members
comprise rods, wherein an end portion of each rod is threadedly
coupled to said at least one hydraulic piston, and wherein at least
one stop limits the movement of the valve along the rods toward the
at least one hydraulic piston.
12. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein there is only one of
said hydraulic pistons positioned below the valve when the
apparatus is installed for recharging an aquifer.
13. An apparatus according to claim 12 in which the hydraulic
piston is movable in a first direction upon delivery of hydraulic
fluid to the hydraulic fluid chamber associated with the hydraulic
piston, and a biasing member coupled to the piston to bias the
piston in a direction opposite to said first direction.
14. An apparatus according to claim 13 in which the biasing member
comprises a coil spring.
15. A aquifer recharge valve assembly according to claim 1 wherein
the valve actuator comprises first and second hydraulic pistons
coupled to the valve, a first hydraulic fluid chamber associated
with the first piston and a second hydraulic fluid chamber
associated with the second piston, one of the first and second
pistons being operable to urge the valve toward said first closed
position upon delivery of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic fluid
chamber associated with said one of the first and second pistons,
the other of the first and second pistons being operable to urge
the valve toward at least one open position upon delivery of
hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic fluid chamber associated with the
said other of the first and second pistons; and a biasing member
coupled to the valve and operable to bias the valve toward said
first closed position.
16. An apparatus according to claim 15 wherein the biasing member
comprises a spring.
17. An apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the spring comprises
a coil spring positioned within the hydraulic fluid chamber
associated with said one of the first and second pistons.
18. An aquifer recharge valve assembly for a well comprising: an
elongated pipe section comprising a wall with an interior surface
and an exterior surface and being closed at one end portion
thereof; a plurality of apertures through the wall of an apertured
portion of the pipe section, at least some of the apertures being
at different locations along the length of the apertured portion of
the pipe section; a valve comprising first and second opposed end
portions, the valve being positioned within the pipe section and
comprising a cylindrical aperture closing section slidable along
the interior surface of the wall between a first closed position
and open positions, wherein when in the first closed position the
aperture closing section overlies and closes the apertures, wherein
when the aperture closing section is in open positions, the
aperture closing section does not overlie and close the apertures,
the flow rate through the valve being varied by the extent to which
the apertures are not overlaid when the valve is in the various
open positions, the valve being of a resilient material such that,
upon installation of the valve assembly in a well, head pressure of
water within the well urges the valve closing section outwardly and
against the interior surface of the wall at least when the valve is
in the closed position; at least a first hydraulic piston coupled
to the valve and positioned within the pipe section at least
partially between the closed end portion of the pipe section and
the valve, the first hydraulic piston also being coupled to the
interior surface of the wall of the pipe section and being operable
to shift the valve between the first closed position and open
positions; and a first hydraulic fluid chamber associated with the
first piston, the first piston being operable to urge the valve
toward one of said first closed position and said open positions
upon delivery of hydraulic fluid to the first hydraulic fluid
chamber.
19. An apparatus according to claim 18 wherein there is only one of
said hydraulic pistons.
20. An apparatus according to claim 19 wherein said hydraulic
piston is movable in a direction to urge the valve toward said
first closed position upon delivery of hydraulic fluid to the
hydraulic fluid chamber associated with said hydraulic piston.
21. An apparatus according to claim 20 wherein the pipe section has
a longitudinal axis and is blocked to prevent the flow of water
through the pipe section in the direction of the longitudinal axis
of the pipe section, and wherein upon relief of hydraulic fluid
pressure on the hydraulic fluid delivered to the hydraulic fluid
chamber, the piston is movable in a direction to urge the valve
toward said at least one open position in response to the pressure
of water within the pipe section.
22. An apparatus according to claim 19 wherein said hydraulic
piston is movable in a direction to urge the valve toward at least
one open position upon delivery of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic
fluid chamber associated with said hydraulic piston.
23. An apparatus according to claim 22 wherein the pipe section has
a longitudinal axis and is blocked to prevent the flow of water
through the pipe section in the direction of the longitudinal axis
of the pipe section, and wherein upon relief of hydraulic fluid
pressure on the hydraulic fluid delivered to the hydraulic fluid
chamber, the piston is movable in a direction to urge the valve
toward said first closed position in response to the pressure of
water within the pipe section.
24. An apparatus according to claim 18 comprising a biasing member
coupled to the valve and operable to apply a biasing force in
opposition to the motion of the valve in response to the delivery
of hydraulic fluid to the first hydraulic fluid chamber.
25. An aquifer recharge valve assembly for a well comprising: an
elongated pipe section comprising a wall with an interior surface
and an exterior surface and being closed at one end portion
thereof; a plurality of apertures through the wall of an apertured
portion of the pipe section, at least some of the apertures being
at different locations along the length of the apertured portion of
the pipe section; a valve comprising first and second opposed end
portions, the valve being positioned within the pipe section and
comprising an aperture closing section slidable along the interior
surface of the wall between a first closed position and open
positions, wherein when in the first closed position the aperture
closing section overlies and closes the apertures, wherein when the
aperture closing section is in open positions, the aperture closing
section does not overlie and close the apertures, the flow rate
through the valve being varied by the extent to which the apertures
are not overlaid when the valve is in the various open positions,
the valve being of a resilient material such that, upon
installation of the valve assembly in a well, head pressure of
water within the well urges the valve closing section outwardly and
against the interior surface of the wall at least when the valve is
in the closed position; at least a first hydraulic piston coupled
to the valve and positioned within the pipe section at least
partially between the closed end portion of the pipe section and
the valve, the first hydraulic piston also being coupled to the
interior surface of the wall of the pipe section and being operable
to shift the valve between the first closed position and the open
positions; a first hydraulic fluid chamber associated with the
first piston, the first piston being operable to urge the valve
toward one of said first closed position and said open positions
upon delivery of hydraulic fluid to the first hydraulic fluid
chamber; wherein there is only one of said hydraulic pistons;
wherein the valve cylinder comprises first and second valve end
portions and a plurality of axially extending bores that extend
between the first and second end portions of the valve cylinder, a
valve coupler comprising a plurality of coupling members
respectively each extending through an associated bore, each
coupling member having a first end portion coupled to the at least
one hydraulic piston.
26. An apparatus according to claim 25 comprising a biasing member
coupled to the valve and operable to apply a biasing force in
opposition to the motion of the valve in response to the delivery
of hydraulic fluid to the first hydraulic fluid chamber.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part application of
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/940,787, filed Sep. 13, 2004,
entitled "Aquifer Recharge Valve and Method", invented by Kent R.
Madison and is considered to be a part of the disclosure of the
following application and is hereby incorporated by reference
herein.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for
selectively injecting water into an aquifer to recharge the
aquifer, for example during a rainy time of year when water is more
available for use in recharging the aquifer.
[0003] In many geographic areas, wells are the primary source of
water for use in agriculture and for other purposes. In addition,
in many areas there is a so-called rainy or wet season where excess
water is available. This excess water may be stored in ponds or
reservoirs. This excess water may selectively be reintroduced into
an aquifer to replenish or recharge the aquifer so that the water
stored in the aquifer is then available for pumping from a well
during drier times of the year.
[0004] In effect, the ground itself is used as a water storage
facility.
[0005] Various types of recharge valves have been used in the past
for delivery of water to an aquifer for recharging the aquifer.
However, these known devices suffer from a number of disadvantages.
For example, they may be prone to leakage. Consequently, when water
is being drawn from the well during a normal pumping operation,
some of the water that would otherwise be drawn from the well leaks
through the recharge valve.
[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 6,811,353 shows one form of valve that is not
prone to leakage.
[0007] Therefore, a need exists for an improved aquifer recharge
valve assembly and method.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary pipe section provided with a
plurality of water recharge orifices.
[0009] FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a portion of the pipe
of FIG. 1 showing an embodiment of an aquifer recharge valve.
[0010] FIG. 3 is a front view of a cylinder mount usable in the
recharge valve of FIG. 2.
[0011] FIG. 4 is a top view of the mount of FIG. 3.
[0012] FIG. 5 is a side view of the mount of FIG. 3.
[0013] FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view through a portion of the
pipe section of FIG. 1 and shows an exemplary pattern of water
recharge orifices.
[0014] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary well with a recharge valve
of FIG. 1 installed.
[0015] FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 7 with the valve closed and
showing water being pumped from the well.
[0016] FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 7 with the valve open and
water being recharge into the aquifer.
[0017] FIG. 10 illustrates an application in which the valve is
positioned below the pump.
[0018] FIG. 11 illustrates an application with the valve positioned
above the pump (similar to FIG. 7).
[0019] FIG. 12 illustrates one form of control for shifting the
valve between open and closed positions with the valve shown in a
closed position in FIG. 12.
[0020] FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 12 except the valve is
shown shifted to an open position in FIG. 13.
[0021] FIG. 14 illustrates another embodiment of a recharge valve
assembly.
[0022] FIG. 15 illustrates the recharge valve assembly embodiment
of FIG. 14 rotated about 90 degrees from the position of the
recharge valve assembly shown in FIG. 14.
[0023] FIG. 16 is a top view of the recharge valve assembly
embodiment of FIG. 14.
[0024] FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view of a pipe section
portion of the recharge valve assembly embodiment of FIG. 14.
[0025] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an exemplary end cap for
insertion into one end of the pipe section of FIG. 17.
[0026] FIG. 19 is a side elevational view of one form of a piston
slidable along an extension portion of the end cap of FIG. 18.
[0027] FIG. 20 is a top view of the piston of FIG. 19.
[0028] FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view through the piston of FIG.
19, taken along line 21-21 of FIG. 19, and with the piston
installed on an end cap extension within the recharge valve
assembly of FIG. 14.
[0029] FIG. 22 is a partially exploded perspective view of a form
of valve and push rod structure which may be included in the
recharge valve assembly of FIG. 14.
[0030] FIG. 23 is a longitudinal sectional view through the
recharge valve assembly of FIG. 14 with the valve shown in an open
position.
[0031] FIG. 24 is a longitudinal sectional view of the recharge
valve assembly of FIG. 14 with the valve shown in a closed
position.
[0032] FIGS. 25 and 26 are like FIGS. 23 and 24 with a biasing
member, such as a coil spring, positioned in a hydraulic
chamber.
[0033] FIG. 27 is a top view of an alternative form of recharged
valve assembly embodiment.
[0034] FIG. 28 is a perspective view of an exemplary end cap for
insertion into one end of the pipe section of FIG. 29.
[0035] FIG. 29 is a longitudinal sectional view of a pipe section
portion of the recharge valve assembly embodiment of FIG. 27.
[0036] FIG. 30 is a vertical sectional view of one form of a piston
slidable along an interior surface portion of the pipe section of
FIG. 29.
[0037] FIG. 31 is a top view of the piston of FIG. 30.
[0038] FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view through the piston of FIG.
30, taken along line 32-32 of FIG. 31 and with the piston coupled
to exemplary piston supporting rods within the recharge valve
assembly of this embodiment.
[0039] FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a form of valve and rod
structure which can be included in the recharge valve assembly of
this embodiment.
[0040] FIG. 34 is a vertical sectional view through the valve of
FIG. 33 and piston of FIG. 30.
[0041] FIG. 35 is a longitudinal sectional view through the
recharge valve assembly of the embodiment of FIGS. 27-34 with the
valve shown in one open position.
[0042] FIG. 36 is a longitudinal sectional view of the recharge
valve assembly of FIG. 35 with the valve shown in a closed
position.
[0043] FIG. 37 is a longitudinal sectional view of a pipe section
portion of another form of recharge valve assembly embodiment with
water recharge orifices positioned closer to an upper end portion
of the pipe section in comparison to the position of the water
recharge orifices of the embodiment shown in FIG. 29.
[0044] FIG. 38 is a longitudinal sectional view through a recharge
valve assembly embodiment utilizing a pipe section of the form
shown in FIG. 37 with the valve shown in a closed position.
[0045] FIG. 39 is a longitudinal section view of the recharge valve
assembly of FIG. 38 with the valve shown in one open position.
[0046] FIGS. 40 and 41 are like FIGS. 35 and 36, except that a
biasing mechanism, such as a coil spring in this example, is
provided to bias the valve toward a closed position.
[0047] FIGS. 42 and 43 are like FIGS. 38 and 39, except that a
biasing mechanism, such as a coil spring in this example, is
provided to bias the valve toward open positions.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0048] The description proceeds with reference to several
embodiments. The present invention is directed toward novel and
unobvious features and method acts relating to improvements to an
aquifer recharge valve and system both alone and in various
combinations and subcombinations with one another.
[0049] FIG. 1 shows a pipe section 10 for inclusion in a pump
column of a well. For example, pipe section 10 may be a six inch
inside diameter steel pipe having threads 12,14 at its opposite
ends for coupling to associated pipe components. The pipe section
10 includes at least one aquifer recharge outlet through which
water may pass to recharge an aquifer. However, desirably a
plurality of aquifer recharge outlets are provided at spaced
locations about the circumference of the pipe section 10. This
reduces the aquifer mining that can take place when water passes
through an aquifer recharge orifice toward the aquifer, with the
mining being more of a problem if only one large orifice is used.
As explained in greater detail below, the orifices may be of any
suitable shape and pattern. In FIG. 1 the aquifer recharge orifices
are arranged in a spiral pattern along a pipe section portion 16
with some of these orifices being indicated at 18 in FIG. 1. The
pipe section 10 may be of any suitable length and in FIG. 1 is
shown as a twenty foot pipe section. Typically, pipe section 10
ranges from about five feet to about twenty feet, although again
this is variable. As another example, the length of an exemplary
pipe section in the form of the FIG. 14 embodiment described below
is twenty-eight inches. As yet another example, the pipe section of
the FIGS. 29 and 37 embodiments can be even shorter, such as
twenty-four inches, or less, for some valves.
[0050] FIG. 2 illustrates a vertical sectional view through a
portion of pipe section 10 containing an exemplary aquifer recharge
valve in accordance with one embodiment.
[0051] The illustrated FIG. 2 embodiment comprises a valve 20
positioned within the interior of pipe section 10 and movable
between a first position (shown in FIG. 2) in which the valve 20
does not overlie and seal the orifices 18 to a second position in
which the valve 20 overlies and closes these orifices. The pipe
section 10 is shown in FIG. 2 with the valve 20 above the apertures
18. Other orientations may be used. For example, the pipe section
10 may be inverted from the position shown in FIG. 2. In such a
case, the valve 20 would be below the openings 18 and would be
shifted upwardly to cover the openings. This inverted orientation
is more desirable if the well is to be used a greater extent for
recharge applications as the recharge water would not have to flow
past valve supporting structures to reach these openings. When
open, as shown in FIG. 2, a flow path (indicated schematically by
arrows 22) exists through the center of the pipe section 10 and
outwardly through the orifices 18. Desirably, the valve 20
comprises a tube having an outside diameter which is sized slightly
less than the inside diameter of pipe section 10. For example, if
pipe section 10 has an inside diameter of six inches, the outside
diameter of valve 20 may be 5 and 15/16 inches. In addition, valve
20 is ideally of a material with some flexibility such that when
the valve is positioned to overlie apertures 18, the water pressure
within pipe section 10 (the head in the pump column) forces the
valve outwardly to provide a good seal of openings 18 against
leakage. Because valve 20 is positioned inside pipe section 10, the
water pressure in the pipe column assists in maintaining the valve
in a closed position as water is being pumped from the well. Valve
20 may be of any suitable material. As a desirable example, valve
20 may be of a polymer material and may be formed, as by machining
or otherwise, as a seamless cylinder. In addition, the valve 20 may
be nine inches to one foot long. As a specific example, valve 20
may have a one-half inch thick wall and be formed of ultra-high
molecular weight polyethylene so that it has some resiliency to
assist in accomplishing the seal. This material also slides easily
against the interior wall of the pipe section 10. The valve 20 is
not limited to this specific material. Other examples of suitable
valve materials include: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC); HDPE (high
density polyethylene); Nylon (Zytel); or any other semi-rigid or
resilient material. Multi-material components may also be used.
[0052] The valve 20 may be positioned within a support structure,
such as a cage structure. One form of a cage structure is indicated
generally at 24. The illustrated cage structure is of a durable
material with stainless steel being a specific example. Cage
structure 24 comprises upper and lower cross-pieces 28,30 with the
valve 20 retained between the cross-pieces. In the specific form
shown, top and bottom pieces 28,30 comprise annular rings. These
rings may, for example, have a one inch height and one inch
thickness. The rings when used with a six inch inside diameter pipe
section 10 may have an outer diameter of, for example, 5 and 15/16
inches. A plurality of braces, some being indicated at 32, extend
longitudinally and may be bolted or otherwise fastened to the
respective top and bottom pieces 28,30. In the illustrated
embodiment, four such braces 32 are included and are spaced apart
at 90 degree intervals about the rings 28, 30. Braces 32 may
comprise, as a specific example, one-quarter inch diameter
stainless steel thrust rods. The respective ends of the thrust rods
may be inserted into associated holes drilled in the top and bottom
pieces 28,30. The rods may be held in place within such holes by
respective set screws extending through the rods from the interior
surface of the top and bottom pieces. The top and bottom pieces
need not be annular in shape but do permit the passage of water
past these pieces.
[0053] A drive mechanism is provided for shifting the cage and thus
the valve between the open and closed positions. It should be noted
that a plurality of open positions are provided depending upon the
number of apertures 18 that are exposed. In one specific form, the
drive mechanism comprises at least one, and in this case two, valve
closing cylinders 40 and at least two valve operating cylinders 42.
The cylinders 40,42 in the illustrated form are single action
cylinders, although dual action cylinders may be used as an
alternative. With reference to cylinder 40, with the other
cylinders being similarly mounted, the piston end 44 of cylinder 40
is pivotally coupled to an ear or mount 46 which projects outwardly
from top piece 28. The cylinder housing end 48 of cylinder 40 is
pivoted to a mount 50 which is coupled, for example bolted, to the
pipe section 10 or to a mount coupled thereto. Extension of
cylinders 42 shifts valve 20 upwardly in the FIG. 2 example and
exposes the apertures 18 with the number of apertures that are
exposed depending upon the extent of the upward shifting of the
valve 20. Conversely, extension of cylinders 40 shifts the cage 24
and valve 20 downwardly in the FIG. 2 example. When valve 20 is in
a fully closed position, the valve overlies all of the apertures
18. The cylinders 40 and 42 may be operated cooperatively to
position the valve 20 at any desired position.
[0054] One form of mount 50 is shown in FIGS. 3-5, it being
understood that any suitable mounting structure may be used. The
structure illustrated in FIGS. 3-5 is mechanically simple and
strong. With reference to these figures, mount 50 comprises a
curved wall 60 having a back surface 62 which may conform to the
curvature of the interior of pipe section 10. The wall 60 also has
a concave front surface 63 in this example. First and second
fastener receiving openings 64,66 may be provided at either side of
the longitudinal centerline of mount 50. Openings 64,66 may, for
example, be sized to receive 2-1/2 inch stainless steel fine
threaded bolts. The bolts may each be inserted through an
associated aperture in pipe section 10 and through one of the
respective openings 64,66. A respective nut, for example, at the
interior of the pipe section 10 may be used to secure each of these
bolts. Lock washers (not shown) may also be used. As a specific
example, mount 50 may be of stainless steel with wall 60 being 3/8
inch in thickness. Although variable, the mount may have a width w
of three inches and may be of the same height. The width x
indicates that portion of the edge of wall 60 visible in the front
view. The dimension y indicates that portion of the rear wall 62
which is visible in the side view shown in FIG. 5. A cylinder mount
portion 70 is secured, as by welding the welds 72 to the interior
surface 63 of wall 60. The cylinder mount portion 70 may be of any
suitable configuration, although in the form shown the portion 70
is depicted as being of a generally triangular shape. Although
variable, mount portion 70 may extend the full height of piece 60.
Portion 70 may be of a durable material. As a specific example,
portion 70 may be one-half inch in thickness and of stainless
steel. A fastener receiving opening 76 extends through mount
portion 70. The cylinder housing end 48 is fastened, for example by
a bolt, extending through a mounting opening in the cylinder
housing end and through opening 76 to thereby mount the cylinder in
place.
[0055] In a typical construction, the cylinders have an eight inch
stroke, although this is variable, and may depend in part upon the
length of that portion of the pipe section 10 which includes the
aquifer recharge apertures. That is, although not required, a
desirable construction involves having a sufficient cylinder stroke
to move the valve 20 enough of a distance to open all of the
aquifer recharge apertures when the valve is shifted to its full
open position and to close all of the aquifer recharge apertures
when the valve is shifted to its fully closed position.
[0056] FIG. 6 illustrates the section of pipe 16 having the
apertures 18. Again, it should be noted that at least one such
aperture is provided. However, it is more desirable to include a
plurality of apertures spaced about the circumference of pipe
section 10. This approach disperses the water being used to
recharge the aquifer through a plurality of openings and reduces
the mining of the aquifer that could otherwise take place by a high
volume of water passing through one or only a few apertures toward
the aquifer. The size and number of apertures may be varied for a
particular application. That is, for a given head pressure during
recharging of a well and a desirable flow rate of recharge water
into the aquifer, one can determine the number and size of
apertures that are required. In the illustrated embodiment, forty
openings are provided which are each one-fourth inch in diameter.
These openings are desirably arranged in a spiral pattern as shown
in FIG. 6 as opposed to being in respective rings with each ring
being at the same elevation. As a result, the integrity and
strength of the pipe is increased. Although less desirable, the
openings may be arranged in rings or other arrangements. In
addition, as the valve is moved upwardly or downwardly, the change
in the exposed orifices is almost linear. This facilitates the
control of a flow rate during aquifer recharge operations. As shown
in FIG. 6, for one of the apertures 18, the apertures may have
rounded edges 80 at the interior side of the pipe section 10 to
facilitate the smoother flow of water through the apertures during
an aquifer recharge operation. This also reduces the possibility of
the apertures scratching the valve 20 as it is slid past the
apertures.
[0057] In the illustrated example with forty apertures of
one-fourth inch diameter and with a valve head pressure of 520 feet
of head, the flow rate through all the apertures is about 1970
gallons per minute. In general, this flow would be distributed
equally through the various apertures. In this example, it is
assumed that all forty apertures are open.
[0058] If single action cylinders are used, the cylinders are
always pushing against and reinforcing the cage.
[0059] In one specific application shown in FIG. 7, a well 100 is
indicated and extends downwardly from ground surface 102. In this
example, the upper portion of the well has a well casing 104 which
in this example ends at 106. The well casing may be any depth and
typically depends on soil conditions. A well is typically cased
deep enough to minimize the possibility of collapsing of the walls
of the well. The lower uncased portions of the well are indicated
at 108, 110 and 112. A pump column is indicated at 114 with pipe
section 10 being included in the pump column. One or more pump
bowls are indicated at 116 with respective impellers (not shown)
driven by an electric or other motor 118 located at the well head
120. A screen is illustrated at 122 for blocking the passage of
grit into the pump bowls 116. A check valve 124 restricts the
downward flow of water through the valve toward the pump bowls. The
static water level in the well is indicated in this example at 126.
A conventional vacuum 128 maintains a vacuum in the line in a
conventional manner to self-prime the pump. A flow rate meter 130
(with a McCrometer Model MW506, Option #10 with bi-directional
capabilities (indicates flow in each direction) from McCrometer of
Hemet, Calif. being one suitable example) to monitor the water flow
rate. A portion of a water discharge pipe (during pumping
operations) is indicated at 132. Pipe 132 may function as a supply
pipe during aquifer recharge operations. Pressure at the well head
may be monitored by a pressure gauge 134. It should be noted that
other types of pumps may be used as the aquifer recharge valve is
not limited to use with the type of pump depicted in FIG. 7.
[0060] FIG. 8 illustrates the embodiment of FIG. 7 in which the
well is being operated in a normal pumping operation. In this case,
the valve 20 has been shifted to a closed position to block the
flow of water through apertures 18. As the pump operates, water
passes screen 122 and flows in the direction indicated
schematically by arrows 133 to the surface of the well and through
discharge pipe 132. The water is indicated schematically at 134
exiting from pipe 132. Check valve 124 prevents the backflow of
water through pump bowls 116. In this figure, the water level 126'
is schematically shown as having a concave dip as water is being
drawn from the aquifer into the pump column. No water is shown
flowing through openings 18 as these openings are closed in this
specific example.
[0061] Next assume it is desired to shift from the conditions of
FIG. 7 or FIG. 8 to the aquifer recharge operation shown in FIG. 9.
In making this transition, the valve 20 is closed (or remains
closed if it is already closed) to block the flow of water through
the apertures 18. The pump is turned on to force water to the
surface to fill up the pump column (if it is not already full). The
pump is then shut off. The check valve 124 holds the column of
water in the pump column. One fills the column and any pipe
connected thereto with water so that air is not injected into the
aquifer during recharge operations. Any such injected air can plug
the aquifer. A pump, such as surface pump 148, is then energized to
deliver water from a source 150 (such as a reservoir, lake, stream,
tank or other storage area) in a direction indicated schematically
by arrows 152 into pipe 132 and the well head. A positive pressure
is maintained at the well head such as 10-20 psi. The valve is then
opened by raising the cage with the extent of the valve opening
being controlled to match the water flow rate into the well head at
the surface. A controller, such as a programmable logic controller,
may be used to control the positioning of the valve so that these
flow rates are maintained in a manner that keeps a positive
pressure at the well head. Thus, if the pressure drops, the valve
20 may be shifted to close the valve to a greater extent. If the
pressure rises, the valve 20 may be opened to a greater extent. The
valve 20 may be controlled by a hydraulic motor coupled to the
respective cylinders 40,42 and operable in response to the
controller as explained below. As shown in FIG. 9, under these
conditions the water level 126 is shown elevated as water is being
injected into the aquifer through the openings 18. Check valve 124,
in this example, prevents the water from flowing backward through
the pump bowls. When it is desired to stop recharging the aquifer,
the valve 20 may be closed to block the openings 18. In addition,
the valve 20 may be opened to drain the water column to its static
level (see FIG. 7).
[0062] FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion of the construction
described in connection with FIG. 7-9.
[0063] FIG. 10 illustrates an alternative construction in which the
check valve 124 and aquifer recharge valve are positioned below the
pump bowls and suction of the pump.
[0064] FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a
control useful in controlling the opening and closing of the valve
20.
[0065] In FIG. 12, the valve 20 is shown shifted to a closed
position. In this example, a hydraulic pump 160 is coupled by a
line 162 to a hydraulic pump control valve 164. Valve 164 is
coupled to a line 166 extending from pump control valve 164 to the
cylinder housing end of the cylinders 42. A line 168 may be coupled
from control valve 164 to the cylinder housing end of the cylinders
40. However, in the illustrated embodiment, line 168 is coupled to
one end portion 170 of a chamber 171. A piston 172 is positioned
within chamber 171. An indicator, such as a rod 174, is coupled to
piston 172 and projects outwardly from chamber 171. A second
chamber 176, at the opposite side of piston 172 from chamber 170,
is coupled by a line 178 to the cylinder housing end of the
respective cylinders 40. When valve 164 is in the position shown in
FIG. 12, hydraulic fluid is passed through line 168 into chamber
170 to drive piston 172 to the left in this figure. Piston 172 in
turn forces hydraulic fluid from chamber 176 into line 178 and to
the cylinder housing end of cylinders 40 to extend cylinders 40 and
drive the valve 20 to a closed position. At the same time,
hydraulic fluid is bled from the cylinder housing end of cylinders
42 via line 166. The position of the exposed end of rod 174
provides a visual indication of the extent to which the valve 20 is
closed. Indicia and a pointer on the rod which moves along the
indicia may be used to indicate the valve position. The rod
comprises one form of a piston extension. Other mechanisms for
detecting and visually indicating the position of the piston, and
thereby of the recharge valve, may also be used. Remote indication
of the valve position may also be provided. For example, a
potentiometer may be coupled to rod 174 and be included in a
circuit which provides an electrical signal at a remote location
(spaced from the rod and desirably spaced from the well head) to
indicate the position of the rod and thus the position of valve 20.
In FIG. 12, the valve is shown in its fully closed position. The
fully opened position is also indicated in FIG. 12. Components 160,
164 and 171 are typically above the ground where they are readily
accessible and where it is easy to visually observe the position of
rod 174. In general, during an aquifer recharge operation, piston
rod 174 is movable in the direction as indicated by arrows 180 to
various positions between the fully closed and fully opened
position. A programmable logic controller 182 receives an input
signal on line 184 which corresponds to the pressure P at the well
head. Controller 182 is programmed to send a signal along line 186
to hydraulic pump control valve 164 to control the operation of the
control valve to in turn shift the valve 20 toward open or closed
positions to maintain the pressure at the well head within desired
limits (e.g., 10 to 20 psi). A monitor or other visual display
device 190 may also be included to provide further indications of
the operating conditions of the system during aquifer recharging.
Other indicators may alternatively be used.
[0066] Typically, food grade hydraulic fluid is used so as to
protect the water supply in the event the hydraulic fluid leaks
from the system. Although other lines may be used, the lines
166,178, for example, may be one-fourth inch diameter stainless
steel tubing.
[0067] The volume of chambers 170,176 may be such that movement of
piston rod 174 between the open and closed positions corresponds to
the movement of the valve 20 between respective fully open and
fully closed positions.
[0068] Although other components may be used, one exemplary control
valve 164 is a Model No. 202-304 solenoid valve from Chief
Manufacturing. A suitable logic controller 182 is a Panel View
Model 300 controller from Allen Bradley.
[0069] FIG. 13 shows valve 20 as it is shifted to its fully opened
position. In this case, hydraulic fluid is delivered through line
166 to the housing end of cylinders 42 to extend these cylinders
and shift the valve 20 upwardly in FIG. 13. At the same time,
hydraulic fluid passes from the housing side of cylinders 40
through line 178 and into chamber 176. Fluid from chamber 170 is
bled through line 168.
[0070] Other control systems for controlling the operation of
cylinders 40 and 42 to shift the valve 20 may be used as
alternatives. For example, mechanisms such as a manual two-way
spool valve may be used to control the shifting of valve 20.
[0071] With reference to FIG. 14, another form of recharge valve
assembly 198 comprises a pipe section or housing 10 having at least
one water flow opening, and more desirably a plurality of openings
18, extending through the pipe section. The apertured area of pipe
section 10 is indicated by the number 16 in FIG. 14. The apertures
may be of any suitable size and pattern such as the size and
pattern shown in FIG. 6 and as previously described. Consequently,
the apertures will not be discussed further in connection with this
embodiment.
[0072] The embodiment of FIG. 14 may use a valve 20 and other
components as previously described. Also, the operation of the
valve of FIG. 14 may be as previously discussed and may use a
control system as described above.
[0073] The illustrated recharge valve assembly 198 comprises first
and second end members, such as end caps 200,200' respectively
inserted into the top and bottom of the pipe section 10 of the
valve assembly shown in FIG. 14. Exemplary end cap portions 200,
200' are described in greater detail below and may be identical to
one another. A first coupler 204, mounted to the exterior of
housing 10, defines an internal passageway 205 (FIG. 17)
communicating with the interior of a portion of housing 10 through
a corresponding port or passageway 206 in the housing. A hydraulic
line fitting 208 (FIG. 14) may be secured to coupling 204, such as
being threaded into a threaded fitting receiving portion of the
coupling. A hydraulic line (not shown in FIG. 14) may be connected
to fitting 208 when the valve assembly is in use. This line may,
for example, correspond to the line 168 in previously described
embodiments, such as the embodiments of FIGS. 12 and 13. A tapered
deflector 210 may be positioned at the underside of fitting 204
(and may, for example, be a part of fitting 204). The deflector 210
deflects the valve assembly away from obstructions as the valve
assembly and well pipe containing the assembly is lowered into a
well. Deflector 210 also shields the coupling 204. In addition, in
the embodiment of FIG. 14, a second coupler 212 defines a hollow
interior passageway 213 communicating through a port 214 (FIG. 17)
with the interior of the housing or pipe section 10. Coupler 212
may be internally threaded so as to receive a hydraulic line
fitting 216 (FIG. 15) and the lower end of a hydraulic line section
218. The upper end of line section 218 terminates in a hydraulic
fitting 220 that may be coupled to a hydraulic line, such as line
166 (FIGS. 12 and 13), when the valve assembly is in use. A tapered
shield or deflector 222 may be positioned below coupler 212 and
functions in the same manner as deflector 210. The ports 206,214,
that communicate through respective openings 205,213 of the
respective couplings 204,212, are desirably offset from one another
so that fittings 208,220 clear one another at the upper end of the
illustrated recharge valve assembly.
[0074] It should be noted that the recharge valve assembly 198 may
be used in other orientations, such as inverted from the
orientation shown in FIG. 14. In such a case, the couplers 204,212
may also be inverted.
[0075] As explained below, the respective end caps 200,200' may be
inserted into the respective ends of pipe section 10 and desirably
are threaded into the pipe section. In addition, retainers, such as
set screws 230,232 (FIG. 15), may be used to engage the respective
end caps 200,200' to prevent them from separating from the pipe
section 10 during use. The illustrated set screws 230,232 are each
threaded through a respective set screw receiving opening of the
pipe section 10 and into engagement with the respective end
caps.
[0076] With reference to FIGS. 16 and 18, end cap 200' may be
identical to end cap 200. For this reason, portions of end cap 200'
are assigned the same number as corresponding portions of end cap
200, except that a prime (') is added to the components of end cap
200'. End cap 200' is desirably of an annular construction with a
body 240' (FIG. 17) provided with a longitudinally and axially
extending water flow opening 242'. The water flow opening 242' may
be circular in cross-section and may have a diameter that is varied
depending upon factors such as the diameter of the well pipe with
which the recharge valve assembly 198 is to be used. For example, a
valve for use with 6 inch outside diameter well pipe, that has
approximately a 5 inch inside diameter, may have end cap openings
that are 2.872 inches, as a specific example. In other words, the
end cap openings, in this example, are approximately 3 inches in
diameter. As another example, a recharge valve assembly for eight
inch well pipe may have end caps with respective longitudinally
extending openings that are 4 inches in diameter. Also, a recharge
valve assembly for ten inch well pipe may have end caps with center
openings of about 6 inches in diameter. Again, these dimensions may
be varied. The length of the valve assembly may be relatively
short. For example, length L in FIG. 17 may be 28 inches. Because
of the shortness of recharge valve assembly of the illustrated
example, even with a somewhat restricted opening 242, little
pressure loss occurs across the recharge valve as water flows
through the valve assembly.
[0077] In the embodiment of FIG. 16, the end cap 200 is provided
with first and second blind holes 244,246 which are diametrically
located across the end cap body 240 and are exposed at the surface
of the body of the end cap 200. A tool, such as a wrench having
projecting pegs positioned for insertion into the respective
openings 244,246, may be used to tighten the valve end cap 200
within the end of pipe section 10 and also to remove the end cap
200, as desired. End cap 200' is desirably also provided with
corresponding blind holes.
[0078] With reference to FIG. 17, one form of pipe section 10 for
the valve assembly of FIG. 14 is illustrated. The illustrated pipe
section 10 has exterior threads 12,14 at the respective ends of the
pipe section for coupling to other lengths of well pipe when the
valve assembly is installed for use. The upper end portion of pipe
section 10 has internal threads 250 for threadedly receiving
external threads 258 (FIG. 23) on the body 240 of end cap 200 for
use in threadedly interconnecting these members. In the same
manner, the lower end of pipe section 10 is provided with internal
threads 252 (FIG. 17) for threadedly receiving a threaded portion
258' (FIGS. 18,23) of the end cap 200'. Interiorly (meaning toward
the center of pipe section 10) of threads 250, an annular tapered
wall section 254, of a diameter that is reduced in a direction
extending inwardly into the interior of pipe section, is provided
for engaging a corresponding shoulder 260 (FIG. 23) of cap member
200 to limit the extent to which cap member 200 may be inserted
into the pipe section. Therefore, when cap member 200 is threaded
into the pipe section 10 and shoulder 260 bottoms out against wall
section 254, the position of cap member 200 is at a known
established location. A similar tapered annular shelf 256 (FIG. 17)
is provided at the lower end of the pipe section 10.
[0079] A first wall section 264 is positioned inwardly of tapered
section 254. Wall section 264 is of a first cross-sectional
dimension, and in this example, is a right cylinder having a
diameter D1. The dimension D1 may be varied depending upon the size
of the recharge valve assembly, such as being of the diameter of
the well pipe with which the valve assembly is to be used. Although
variable, for a pipe section 10 having a six inch outside diameter,
dimension D1 may be, for example, about 5.4 inches. A portion of
the wall surface 264 in this embodiment desirably defines a portion
of a hydraulic chamber 265 (FIGS. 23,24) as explained below. The
assembly desirably includes a piston stop for limiting the motion
of one or more pistons within the valve assembly. Although various
forms of a stop (e.g., projections) may be used, in one specific
example, the piston stop comprises a shelf 266 of an annular
configuration that is formed in the interior surface of pipe
section 10 at the inward end of wall section 264. A valve guiding
wall section 272 of a second cross-sectional, in this example
diameter D2, is positioned inwardly of shelf 266. The valve 20 may
slide along wall section 272 to respectively open and close the
openings 18 through the pipe section 10 depending upon whether, and
to the extent, the valve 20 overlies the openings 18.
[0080] As can be seen in FIG. 17, in the orientation shown, an
upper portion of wall section 272 is provided without the openings
18. When the valve 20 is moved to a position adjacent the upper
portion of wall section 272, the valve desirably does not impede
the flow of water through the openings 18. Conversely, as the valve
is shifted downwardly in FIG. 17 to a position which overlies some
or all of the openings 18 (all of them desirably being overlaid
when the valve is in its lowermost position), the flow of water
through openings 18 is impeded or blocked. The extent of such
blockage depends upon the valve position. The diameter D2 may also
be varied. In one specific example, the diameter D2 is 5 inches for
a six inch outside diameter pipe section 10. The lower portion of
pipe section 10 in the illustrated embodiment also comprises a wall
section 274 positioned inwardly of annular tapered wall section
256. Wall section 274 may also be a right cylinder and desirably
defines a portion of a hydraulic chamber 265' (FIGS. 23,24) in this
specific example. Wall section 274 may have the same diameter D1 as
wall section 264. The inwardmost end of wall section 274 terminates
in an annular piston stop 276 which is like stop 266. Other forms
of a piston stop may be used in the lower portion of the pipe
section.
[0081] FIG. 18 illustrates an embodiment of an exemplary lower end
cap 200'. Cap 200' comprises external threads 258' for threading
into the threads 252 of the pipe section 10. An annular tapered
shoulder section 260' of end cap body 240' is provided to engage
annular wall surface 256 of pipe section 10 when these components
are assembled. The body 240' of end cap 200' may also comprise a
cylindrical wall portion 278' having an outside cross-sectional
dimension, such as a diameter, that desirably corresponds to and is
slightly less than the diameter D1. End cap wall portion 278'
desirably is sealed against the wall section 274 when end cap 200'
is in place. For example, wall section 278' may be provided with at
least one inwardly extending seal receiving groove 280' within
which a seal, such as an O-ring 282', is placed. The O-ring 282'
seals the space between wall section 274 and wall portion 278' and
thus seals the base of the recharge valve assembly and the
hydraulic chamber 265' (FIGS. 23,24) at this location.
[0082] The body 240' desirably has a wall portion or section 284'
that is of a reduced cross-sectional dimension at a location
adjacent to wall section 278'. The wall section 284' is positioned
further inwardly into pipe section 10 than the wall section 278'.
As a result, an annular passageway 287' (FIG. 23) is provided to
facilitate the flow of hydraulic fluid through opening 214 and into
the hydraulic fluid receiving chamber 265' as described below. Body
240' may include an annular shelf or piston stop surface 285'
operable to limit the movement of a piston in the direction toward
the adjacent end of the pipe section 10. Other forms of piston stop
may be used. Body 240' also comprises, in this embodiment, a piston
guide such as a cylindrical piston engaging wall section 286'. Wall
section 286' is of a reduced diameter in comparison to wall section
274. The wall section 286' terminates in an end portion 288'. The
fluid flow opening 242' passes axially through projection 286' and
through the other portions of body 240' to the exterior end cap
200'. The wall surface 286' comprises one form of an annular piston
guiding surface along which a piston may be shifted. The wall
surface 286' desirably defines a portion of the hydraulic chamber
265'. Other portions of the chamber 265' are defined, in this
example, by the sections 284',285' of the end cap 200' and by a
portion of wall section 274. This will become more apparent from
the discussion below.
[0083] FIGS. 19, 20 and 21 illustrate an exemplary form of annular
piston 300' that may be employed in the recharge valve assembly 198
of FIG. 14. The construction of the piston 300' may be varied. The
recharge valve assembly desirably comprises a double acting
hydraulic cylinder with, in reference to FIGS. 23 and 24, upper and
lower pistons, 300,300'. Since these pistons are desirably
identical, although not required, only lower piston 300' will be
described in detail. Components of piston 300' that correspond to
components of piston 300 are assigned the same number, but with a
prime (') designation. With reference to FIG. 19, the illustrated
piston 300' comprises an annular body 302'. The body 302' defines
upper and lower spaced apart wear ring receiving grooves 304',306'
extending inwardly into the body. In addition, a seal receiving
groove 308', is provided intermediate to and spaced from the
respective grooves 304' and 306'. A wear ring 310' is positioned
within groove 304' and a second wear ring 312' is positioned within
groove 306'. A seal, such as an O-ring 314', is positioned within
the groove 308'. The wear rings 310',312' may, for example, be of
ultra high molecular weight polyethylene or other low friction
durable material. The outside diameter of each wear ring 310',312'
is slightly greater than the outside diameter of the body 302' so
that, when in position, the wear rings bear against the wall
surface 274 (or surface 264 in the case of piston 300 and its wear
rings). The O-ring 314' seals the space between the piston 300' and
the adjoining wall section 274. The periphery of piston 300'
defines an exterior annular piston surface 315' for sliding along a
portion of wall section 274.
[0084] As can best be seen in FIG. 21, the piston body 302' also
defines upper and lower inwardly extending interior wear ring
receiving grooves 320',322' that are spaced apart from one another
and an inwardly extending interior seal receiving groove 324'
between the grooves 320',322'. Respective wear rings 326',327' are
received in the respective grooves 320',322'. In addition, at least
one seal, such as an O-ring 328', is received within the groove
324'. The O-rings 314',328' are typically of rubber or other
suitable seal material. The wear rings 326',327' may be of the same
material as wear rings 310',312'. The interior diameter of wear
rings 326',327' is less than the interior diameter of piston body
302' so that the wear rings 326',327', when the piston is in
position, slide along surface 286' and separate the piston body
302' from the end cap wall surface 286'. The O-ring 328' is sized
to seal the gap between end cap wall surface 286' and the piston
300'. Other suitable approaches for sealing a piston relative to an
interior pipe section wall surface and end cap projection may also
be used. The illustrated piston also defines an annular interior
piston surface positioned for sliding along the piston guide, in
this case, along wall surface 286'. Opposed major annular piston
surfaces, one surface 329' facing valve 20 and the other surface
333' facing hydraulic chamber 265', are thus included in this
piston construction. Surfaces 329' and 333' are separated from one
another by the annular surface 315'.
[0085] In FIG. 21, the piston 300' thus corresponds to the lower
piston of the recharge valve assembly oriented as shown in FIGS. 23
and 24. The piston surfaces 329,329' (FIGS. 23,24) are each coupled
to the valve 20 by a respective pusher or force applying structure,
such as a piston to valve engaging structure. In one form, plural
push rods, which may be of stainless steel or other suitable
material, comprise a form of piston to valve engaging structure. In
this example, with reference to FIG. 22, four upper push rods
350,352, 354 and 356 are shown. As shown in FIG. 23 for three of
these rods, the upper ends of these push rods engage the lower
surface 329 of the piston 300. Lower push rods 350',352',354' and
356' are also shown in FIG. 22. The lower ends of these latter push
rods engage the upper surface 329' of piston 300' as shown in FIG.
23 for push rods 350',352' and 354'. FIG. 22 thus shows an
exemplary push rod to valve subassembly. Although a set of four
push rods are shown in FIG. 22 in position at each end of valve 20,
the number of push rods may be varied. In the embodiment of FIG.
22, the push rods are spaced equally about the circumference of a
right cylindrical valve 20. In the case of a valve assembly for use
with eight inch well pipe, six push rods is a desirable exemplary
number. For a valve assembly for ten inch well pipe, eight push
rods are a desirable number. Each of the push rods desirably
comprises a piston bearing surface such as surface 359 for push rod
350, surface 360 for push rod 352, surface 362 for push rod 354,
and surface 364 for push rod 356. These surfaces bear against the
corresponding adjacent major surface of one of the pistons during
operation of the valve assembly. Each of the push rods desirably
comprises a stem portion of reduced cross-sectional dimension, such
as stem portion 370 for push rod 350. Stem portion 370 may be
formed, for example, by machining a rod to reduce the diameter of
an end portion of the rod to equal the diameter of the stem portion
370. The unmachined end portion of the rod comprises a larger
diameter push portion 371 of the push rod construction. An annular
member, such as a stainless steel washer 372, may be inserted onto
stem 370 and against the lower surface of push rod portion 371 and
fastened in place, such as by welding. The diameter of member 372
is desirably slightly less than (e.g., 1/32 of an inch less than)
the thickness of the valve 20 so that the edge of member 372 does
not engage the adjacent sidewall of the pipe section. For example,
for a recharge valve assembly for six inch well pipe, the valve 20
may have a thickness of one-half inch. The diameter of member 372
may, in this case, be, for example, 15/32 of an inch. These
dimensions may be varied. The member 372 is provided to increase
the surface area that bears against the adjacent end (e.g., end 390
in FIG. 22) of valve 20.
[0086] The end 390 is provided with a plurality of stem receiving
openings such as opening 392 leading to a bore that extends through
the valve 20 from end 390 to end 394. The respective stems of the
various push rods are each inserted into a respective associated
opening. The stems are desirably sized such that the end of a stem
of one push rod bears against the end of the stem of the opposed
push rod. Alternatively, a rod section or spacer may be positioned
in each bore to engage the ends of the stem portions inserted in
the bore. For example with reference to FIG. 23, the end of stem
370 of push rod 350 bears against the corresponding stem 370' of
push rod 350' with member 372' bearing against valve end 394 and
the corresponding member 372 of push rod 350 bearing against the
opposite valve end 390. Consequently, actuation forces are
primarily borne by the push rods rather than being applied directly
to the valve sleeve 20. This minimizes the possibility of the valve
20 buckling or being crushed or damaged if, for example, one of the
pistons 300,300' were to seize for some unlikely reason.
[0087] In operation, with reference to FIGS. 23 and 24, the valve
20 may be shifted between a closed and various open positions by
applying hydraulic pressure to the appropriate side 333,333' of
either piston 300,300'. With reference to FIG. 23, hydraulic fluid
is delivered via line 166 and port 214 is delivered into the
hydraulic fluid chamber 265' defined by wall section 284', stop
surface 285', a portion of wall section 286', the underside 333' of
piston 300', and a portion of wall section 274). This urges piston
300' upwardly in the example of FIG. 23 and shifts the valve 20
upwardly. That is, an upward force is applied by piston 300' to the
respective push rods (e.g., push rod 350', 352' and 354') against
the undersurface 394 of valve 20. The valve may be shifted entirely
to its full open position as shown in FIG. 23 with piston surface
333 of piston 300 against stop surface 285 and piston surface 329'
of piston 300' against stop surface 276. Alternatively, the motion
of valve 20 may be interrupted at a location which partially opens
the valve. When open, fluid may flow through the openings 18 that
are no longer covered by the valve 20.
[0088] In contrast, in FIG. 24 the valve is shown shifted to a
fully closed position (shifted downwardly in the example of FIG.
24). In this position, the valve 20 overlies all of the openings 18
(with piston surface 329 of piston 300 against stop surface 266 and
piston surface 333' of piston 300' against stop surface 285'). This
is accomplished by delivering pressurized hydraulic fluid via line
168 and through port 206 into the hydraulic chamber 265 (defined by
a portion of wall section 284, wall section 285, stop surface 285,
the top side 333 of piston 300, and a portion of wall section 286).
As a result, the valve is urged downwardly in the example of FIG.
24 to a closed (or partially closed) position. That is, hydraulic
fluid exerts pressure on side 333 of piston 300 that results in
force being applied via piston side 329 and through push rods
(e.g., 350,352 and 354) to the upper valve surface 390. As
hydraulic fluid is being delivered via line 166 in FIG. 23 to
chamber 265', it is being bled from the chamber 265 at the upper
side 333 of piston 300 via port 206 and line 168. Conversely, when
hydraulic fluid is being delivered through line 168 to chamber 265,
fluid in the chamber 265' at the underside 333' of piston 300' is
being removed via line 166.
[0089] The embodiment of FIGS. 25 and 26 is like the embodiment of
FIGS. 23 and 24 except that a biasing mechanism has been included
for urging the valve 20 to a closed position overlying apertures
18, such as in the event of a failure of hydraulic pressure. This
biasing mechanism comprises a mechanism for applying resistance in
opposition to movement of the valve toward open positions. Although
elastic or other biasing mechanisms may be used on either side of
the valve as required to apply force in the desired direction, in
the embodiment of FIGS. 25 and 26, one form of biasing mechanism
comprises a coil spring 400 positioned within chamber 265 above the
valve 20 in this example. The chamber 265 has been elongated in
this example in the axial direction of the valve assembly to
accommodate the positioning of the spring 400 therein. FIG. 25
illustrates the spring 400 being compressed as the valve 20 is
shifted toward valve open positions. FIG. 26 illustrates the
expansion of the coil spring as the valve 20 is shifted to a closed
position. Thus, as the valve is opened, the coil spring is
compressed so as to store energy and to apply a biasing force
against the valve as the valve is shifted in this direction. In the
event of a failure of hydraulic pressure, the spring 400 will
expand to shift the valve to a closed position as shown in FIG. 26.
One exemplary coil spring is of a durable resilient material, such
as spring steel. The force applied by the spring is not critical,
and be varied while still being sufficient to close the valve under
such conditions. One specific example for a six-inch diameter valve
is a coil spring with a spring rate of about 42.1 pounds per inch
that applies about 200 pounds of force to the valve when the spring
is in its least compressed state in the valve (e.g., compressed
from an uncompressed length of 15 inches to a length of 10.25
inches when in the least compressed position in the valve) and that
applies about 410 pounds of force to the valve when the spring is
in its most compressed state in the valve (e.g., compressed to a
length of 5.25 inches). Again, other types of biasing mechanisms
including other types of springs may be used. In the event the
valve embodiment of FIGS. 25 and 26 is inverted, the spring 400
would be positioned below the valve.
[0090] FIGS. 27-36 illustrate yet another embodiment of an
exemplary valve assembly construction. The valve of these figures
is used for aquifer recharge purposes only as a flow path through
the valve assembly has been eliminated, in this example, by capping
the lower end of the pipe section included in the assembly. In
these embodiments desirably one or more, and most desirably only
one, fluid actuated piston is used to shift the valve within the
pipe section. The valve is shifted, in these examples, in the
opposite direction upon relieving of fluid pressure by the pressure
exerted by the head of water in the pipe column. A biasing
mechanism can be provided to assist in this valve shifting, but is
desirably eliminated in the interest of mechanical simplicity.
[0091] In the embodiments of FIGS. 27-36, a hydraulically actuated
piston is operated to shift the valve from a closed position to one
or more open positions. Upon relieving of hydraulic fluid pressure
on the valve, the water column closes the valve.
[0092] In FIGS. 27-36, numbers for elements corresponding to
elements in the embodiment of FIGS. 16-24 are the same and hence
will not be discussed in detail. In some cases, a double prime ('')
has been added to these numbers (see for example comparing FIG. 28
with FIG. 18), but again the components correspond to one another
and will not be discussed in detail other than to mention some
differences that are desirably included in the FIGS. 27-36
embodiment.
[0093] In FIG. 29, the pipe section is indicated at 401. In
comparison to FIG. 17, the upper portion of the pipe section having
a diameter D1 as in FIG. 17 has been eliminated in FIG. 29 because
no upper piston is utilized in this embodiment. Consequently, the
valve assembly 10 using pipe section 401 can be of a reduced length
in comparison to the pipe section of FIG. 17. An exemplary pipe
section length L for a 6-inch ID diameter valve is 24 inches,
although this can be varied. In FIG. 29, the interior diameter D2
is extended to the upper end of the pipe section and thus interior
wall section 272 extends from stop 276 to the upper end of this
pipe section.
[0094] In addition, in this FIG. 29 embodiment, desirably only one
hydraulic supply line is used. Thus, in comparison to FIGS. 16 and
17, the upper hydraulic supply port and connectors have been
eliminated. Also, the exterior threads 14 found in FIG. 17 have
been eliminated in the embodiment of FIG. 29 because they are
optional and unneeded when the assembly is coupled to the bottom
end of pipe inserted into a well. In addition, comparing the end
cap 200'' of FIG. 28 with the end component of FIG. 18, illustrates
that the FIG. 28 end cap has no waterful passageway therethrough.
Thus, in this example, the surface 285'' has no fluid flow
passageway therethrough. In addition, the piston guide 286'' in
FIG. 18 has been eliminated from FIG. 28, although it could be used
with passageway 242' capped. Thus, the FIG. 28 construction of the
end cap 200'' is somewhat simpler than the construction of end 200'
of FIG. 18.
[0095] Also, with reference to FIGS. 30, 31, and 32, the piston
300'' of this embodiment differs in some respects from the
embodiment shown in FIGS. 19-21. For example, in an embodiment
wherein the piston guide 286' of FIG. 18 is eliminated such as in
the embodiment of FIG. 28, the piston of FIG. 30 can be made with
no fluid flow passageway through the piston. In this case, the
internal annular grooves and guide members found in the FIG. 21
embodiment of the piston can be eliminated.
[0096] In the piston embodiment of FIGS. 30-32, the piston body
302'' can be, for example, a monolithic body having annular grooves
extending inwardly from the side wall or periphery of the body to
accommodate the respective guide members 304'', 306'' and seal
308''. In addition, the upper surface 329'' of the piston desirably
supports the valve or is provided with a coupling mechanism for
engaging valve supports. Although other couplers can be used, in a
mechanically simple example, threaded openings 402,404,406 and 408
are provided in communication with the upper surface 329'' of the
piston for receiving respective valve supports, such as rods 354'',
356'', 350'', and 352''. More specifically, in this example, the
lower end portions 416,418,420 and 422 of the respective rods
354'', 356'', 350'' and 352'' are each threaded for threading into
an associated respective threaded opening of the piston 300''.
[0097] In the valve construction of FIG. 33, an upper annular
washer 429 is positioned in abutting relationship to upper end 390
of valve 20. In addition, a lower annular washer 423 is positioned
in abutting relationship to the lower end surface 394 of valve 20.
The respective rods 350'' through 356'', in this example, desirably
extends entirely through respective openings provided in the wall
of valve 20 between ends 390 and 394. The upper ends of these rods
are desirably threaded to receive respective lock nuts to hold the
valve and piston sub-assembly together. These nuts are indicated in
FIG. 33 by the numbers 426, 428, 430 and 432 as shown in this
figure. In addition, a retainer, such as a stop, is provided in
this example to retain the valve in the desired position along the
respective support rods. For example, a washer (one being indicated
at 424 in FIG. 33 in association with rod 356'') can be secured to
each rod as by welding (see welds 425 in FIG. 34), to limit the
downward shifting of the valve and to provide a backup against
which the respective lock nuts can be tightened. Other forms of
fasteners, stops and valve/piston components can be used.
[0098] FIG. 34 illustrates this exemplary construction in greater
detail and again shows welds 425 securing washers 424 in place. The
washers 424 can be, for example, sized similarly to components 372
in FIG. 22 so as to be spaced from the walls of the pipe section
when the valve is actuated.
[0099] During assembly of this embodiment, the piston 300'' is
positioned within the portion of pipe section 401 having the
diameter D1 with the rod receiving openings facing upwardly. The
ends of the respective rods are then threadedly coupled to the
piston. The washer 423 is placed on the rods (the washer being
provided with respective openings to accommodate the rods with the
washer 423 sliding downwardly into contact with the upper surface
of the washers 424. The valve is then placed onto the rods with the
lower surface 394 of the valve abutting the upper surface of the
annular washer 423. Thereafter, the washer 429 is installed and the
lock nuts are tightened. This is only one exemplary desirable
construction, and can be varied.
[0100] With reference to FIG. 35, hydraulic fluid is delivered via
pathway 166 to chamber 265'' causing the piston 300'' to shift
upwardly. As a result, in this embodiment, the valve 20 is
positioned above the apertures 18 in an open position, such as in a
full open position shown in FIG. 35. Water can then be delivered
through the pipe column and through the apertures 18 and into the
aquifer to recharge the aquifer. At times when recharging of the
aquifer is no longer required, or in the event of hydraulic fluid
pressure failure, as shown by FIG. 36, the piston 300'' shifts
downwardly and moves the valve 20 to a position overlying the
apertures 18 to thereby fully close the apertures. The valve can
also be shifted to intermediate positions between these fully open
and fully closed positions by varying the delivery of hydraulic
fluid via pathway 166 to the chamber 265''.
[0101] In the embodiment of FIG. 37, the pipe section 401' is like
the pipe section 401 of FIG. 29, except that the apertures 18 have
been shifted to an upper region of the pipe section 401' which is
higher than the positioning of the apertures 18 in the embodiment
of FIG. 29. In the embodiment of FIG. 37, numbers in common with
components of the FIG. 29 embodiment are the same.
[0102] In FIGS. 38 and 39, the operation of the valve assembly
using pipe section 401' is much like the embodiments of FIGS. 35
and 36 except that the application of hydraulic pressure shifts the
valve upwardly to close the passageways through the apertures 18
when the valve is in a fully closed position. In contrast, upon
relieving of hydraulic pressure, the column of water in the pipe
section shifts the piston to a lower position and exposes the
apertures 18. Again, the valve can be shifted to various
intermediate positions between the fully open and fully closed
positions.
[0103] Optional biasing mechanisms can be used to assist the
shifting of the valve in the valve assemblies of FIGS. 35, 36 and
of FIGS. 38 and 39. Although other mechanisms for applying biasing
forces can be used, a desirable example is a coil spring such as
described above in connection with FIGS. 25 and 26. Thus, in FIGS.
40 and 41, a spring 435 is shown in position between shelf 439 and
an annular washer in a to bias the valve 20 toward a closed
position. The shelf acts as a stop for the upper end of the spring.
Other retainers can alternatively be used. Also, washer 429 rests
on the upper ends of the rods 350'', 352'' and 354'' in this
example and provides a bearing surface for the lower end of the
spring 435. Other spring bearing members may alternatively be used.
In FIGS. 42 and 43, a spring 451 is shown in a position to bias the
valve 20 toward an open position. The lower end of the spring in
this example bears against the upper surface of the piston 300''.
The upper end of the spring in this example bears against a stop,
such as an annular shelf 453.
[0104] In the embodiments of FIGS. 27-39, the valve assembly is
desirably used in an application where recharging of the aquifer is
to be accomplished and wherein water is not drawn from the well.
Thus, when the valve of these embodiments is in the open position,
recharge water can be delivered through the well and well pipe
through the apertures and into the aquifer. In contrast, water is
desirably not drawn from the well as any drawn water would have to
travel from the aquifer through the apertures and into the well
pipe.
[0105] In this description, "at least one" and "a" both encompass
one or more than one. In addition, the term "coupled", encompasses
direct connection and indirect connection of components through one
or more other components.
[0106] Having illustrated and described the principles of my
invention with reference to several preferred embodiments, it
should be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the
invention may be modified in arrangement and detail without
departing from such principles. I claim all such arrangements that
fall within the scope of the following claims.
* * * * *