U.S. patent application number 10/536680 was filed with the patent office on 2006-06-01 for liquid phenolic sulphur-containing antioxidants.
Invention is credited to Hugo Camenzind, David Eliezer Chasan, Gunnar Demme, Paul Dubs, Roger Martin, James Robbins.
Application Number | 20060116301 10/536680 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32469428 |
Filed Date | 2006-06-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060116301 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Camenzind; Hugo ; et
al. |
June 1, 2006 |
Liquid phenolic sulphur-containing antioxidants
Abstract
The invention relates to liquid sulphur-containing antioxidants
and to compositions comprising them. The novel lubricant comprise
the reaction product of a selected group of
5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl(or tert-butyl)phenyl substituted
carboxylic acid esters with thiodiethylene glycol and a
mono-hydroxy alcohol with a carbon chain length higher than 4
C-atoms. The novel lubricant compositions are highly resistant to
oxidative degradation and are capable of reducing the negative
effects of deposits, such as black sludge, in motor combustion
engines, particularly spark ignition internal combustion
engines.
Inventors: |
Camenzind; Hugo; (Bern,
CH) ; Dubs; Paul; (Cham, CH) ; Martin;
Roger; (Rheinfelden, CH) ; Chasan; David Eliezer;
(Teaneck, NJ) ; Demme; Gunnar; (Mahopac, NY)
; Robbins; James; (Satsuma, AL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
CIBA SPECIALTY CHEMICALS CORPORATION;PATENT DEPARTMENT
540 WHITE PLAINS RD
P O BOX 2005
TARRYTOWN
NY
10591-9005
US
|
Family ID: |
32469428 |
Appl. No.: |
10/536680 |
Filed: |
November 24, 2003 |
PCT Filed: |
November 24, 2003 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP03/50876 |
371 Date: |
October 13, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60430228 |
Dec 2, 2002 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/452 ;
508/455; 560/15 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M 135/26 20130101;
C10M 2219/084 20130101; C10M 2215/223 20130101; C10M 2219/085
20130101; C10M 159/12 20130101; C10M 2207/281 20130101; C10M
2205/0285 20130101; C10M 2207/289 20130101; C10N 2040/25 20130101;
C10N 2040/255 20200501; C10N 2030/04 20130101; C10N 2030/10
20130101; C10N 2040/252 20200501; C10M 2215/064 20130101; C07C
323/12 20130101; C10M 2207/021 20130101; C10M 2219/084 20130101;
C10M 2219/084 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/452 ;
508/455; 560/015 |
International
Class: |
C10M 159/12 20060101
C10M159/12; C07G 17/00 20060101 C07G017/00 |
Claims
1. A product obtained by reacting a) At least one compound of
formula (I) ##STR12## wherein one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2
independently of one another represents hydrogen or a substituent
selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl,
phenyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3phenyl,
phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl; and the
other one represents a substituent selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, phenyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3phenyl, phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3phenylC.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl; R.sub.3
represents hydrogen or methyl; Y represents hydrogen or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl; and m represents zero or 1; with b) At least
one compound of formula (II) R.sub.4--OH (II) wherein R.sub.4
represents C.sub.4-C.sub.25alkyl; and c) At least one compound of
formula (III) ##STR13## wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.5' independently
of one another represent hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl.
2. A product according to claim 1, obtained by reacting a) At least
one compound of formula (I) wherein one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2
represents methyl or tert-butyl and the other one of R.sub.1 and
R.sub.2 represents tert-butyl; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen; Y
represents C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl; and m represents zero or one; and
b) At least one compound of formula (II) wherein R.sub.4 represents
C.sub.4-C.sub.18alkyl; and c) At least one compound of formula
(III) wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.5' represent hydrogen.
3. A product according to claim 1, obtained by reacting a) At least
one compound of formula (I) wherein one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2
represents methyl or tert-butyl and the other one of R.sub.1 and
R.sub.2 represents tert-butyl; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen; Y
represents methyl and m represents zero; and b) At least one
compound of formula (II) wherein R.sub.4 represents
C.sub.4-C.sub.18alkyl; and c) At least one compound of formula
(III) wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.5' represent hydrogen.
4. A product according to claim 1, obtained by reacting a) A
mixture comprising a compound of formula (I) wherein R.sub.1 and
R.sub.2 represent tert-butyl; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen; Y
represents methyl and m represents zero; and A compound of formula
(I) wherein one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents methyl and the
other one tert-butyl; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen; Y represents
methyl and m represents zero; and b) At least one compound of
formula (II) wherein R.sub.4 represents C-C.sub.18alkyl; and c) At
least one compound of formula (III) wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.5'
represent hydrogen.
5. A composition comprising A) A product according to claim 1; and
B) A functional fluid subject to oxidative, thermal or light
induced degradation.
6. A composition comprising A) A product according to claim 1; and
B) A base oil of lubricating viscosity.
7. A process for preparing a liquid mixture of phenolic
sulphur-containing antioxidants, which process comprises reacting
a) At least one compound of formula (I) ##STR14## wherein one of
R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another represents
hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of
C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, phenyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3phenyl, phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl; and the
other one represents a substituent selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, phenyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3phenyl, phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3phenylC.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl; R.sub.3
represents hydrogen or methyl; Y represents hydrogen or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl; m represents zero or 1; with b) At least one
compound of formula (II) R.sub.4--OH (II) wherein R.sub.4
represents C.sub.4-C.sub.25alkyl; and c) At least one compound of
formula (III) ##STR15## wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.5' independently
of one another represent hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl.
8. A process for stabilising a composition of matter subject to
oxidative, thermal or light induced degradation, which comprises
adding to said composition of matter at least one product according
to claim 1.
9. A process according to claim 7, which process comprises reacting
a) At least one compound of formula (I) wherein one of R.sub.1 and
R.sub.2 represents methyl or tert-butyl and the other one of
R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents tert-butyl; R.sub.3 represents
hydrogen; Y represents C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl; and m represents zero
or one; and b) At least one compound of formula (II) wherein
R.sub.4 represents C.sub.4-C.sub.18alkyl; and c) At least one
compound of formula (III) wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.5' represent
hydrogen.
10. A process according to claim 7, which process comprises
reacting a) At least one compound of formula (I) wherein one of
R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents methyl or tert-butyl and the other
one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents tert-butyl; R.sub.3
represents hydrogen; Y represents methyl and m represents zero; and
b) At least one compound of formula (II) wherein R.sub.4 represents
C.sub.4-C.sub.18alkyl; and c) At least one compound of formula
(III) wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.5' represent hydrogen.
11. A process according to claim 7, which process comprises
reacting a) A mixture comprising a compound of formula (I) wherein
R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent tert-butyl; R.sub.3 represents
hydrogen; Y represents methyl and m represents zero; and A compound
of formula (I) wherein one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents methyl
and the other one tert-butyl; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen; Y
represents methyl and m represents zero; and b) At least one
compound of formula (II) wherein R.sub.4 represents
C-C.sub.18alkyl; and c) At least one compound of formula (III)
wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.5' represent hydrogen.
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to liquid phenolic
sulphur-containing antioxidants, to compositions comprising the
liquid sulphur-containing antioxidants and to a process for
stabilising compositions of matter, particularly lubricants,
against oxidative, thermal or light induced degradation.
[0002] It is known that additives improve the performance
properties of functional fluids, such as lubricants, particularly
mineral oils or synthetic or semi-synthetic oils. Particularly
additives are highly desirable which reduce the formation of
oxidative degradation products and promote the stability of
lubricants.
[0003] The compound of the formula ##STR1## [0004] Irganox.RTM.
1035 (Registered Trademark of Ciba Specialty Chemicals), which is a
solid dimeric sulphur-containing ester type phenolic antioxidant,
is particularly preferred as an antioxidative agent in lubricant
compositions in view of its low volatility and high antioxidative
efficiency. A disadvantage of antioxidative agents of this type is
their low solubility in oils. In addition, they are solids with
melting points above room temperature (IRGANOX 1035: >40.degree.
C.). Therefore, liquid additives of high oil solubility are
preferred for the formulation of lubricant mixtures and so-called
additive packages.
[0005] EP-A-0 565 487 discloses lubricant compositions of liquid
antioxidants of low volatility consisting of the reaction product
of a phenolic antioxidant, e.g.
3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propionic acid methyl ester,
with a polyol, e.g. thiodiethylene glycol, and a glyceride, such as
sun-flower or coconut oil.
[0006] Novel lubricant compositions have now been found that
possess advantageous antioxidative properties as compared with the
prior art compositions. The novel lubricant compositions comprise
the reaction product of at least one phenolic antioxidant from the
selected group of 5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl (or
3-tert-butyl)phenyl substituted carboxylic acid esters with a
thiodiethylene glycol and a monohydroxy alcohol with a carbon chain
length higher than 4 C-atoms. The novel lubricant compositions are
highly resistant to oxidative degradation and are capable of
reducing the negative effects of deposits in combustion engines,
particularly spark ignition internal combustion engines.
[0007] The present invention relates to a product obtainable by
reacting [0008] a) At least one compound ##STR2## [0009] wherein
[0010] one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another
represents hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, phenyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3phenyl, phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl; [0011]
and the other one represents a substituent selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, phenyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3phenyl, phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl; [0012]
R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or methyl; [0013] Y represents hydrogen
or C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl; and [0014] m represents zero or 1; with
[0015] b) At least one compound R.sub.4--OH (II), [0016] wherein
R.sub.4 represents C.sub.4-C.sub.25alkyl; and [0017] c) At least
one compound ##STR3## [0018] wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.5'
independently of one another represent hydrogen or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl.
[0019] The products according to the instant invention obtainable
by reacting components a), b) and c) are, for example, valuable
antioxidants against oxidative, thermal or actinic degradation of
any organic compositions of matter. Such compositions are, for
example, natural or synthetic polymers, or functional fluids, such
as lubricant compositions, hydraulic fluids or metalworking
fluids.
[0020] Lubricant compositions that contain the product defined
above are characterised by their excellent antioxidative
properties, which can be demonstrated in various generally accepted
tests such as Deposit and Oxidation Panel Test (DOPT) and High
Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (HPDSC).
[0021] The products according to the instant invention, obtainable
by reacting components a), b) and c), have excellent oxidative
stability and are particularly suitable as additives in lubricant
compositions, particularly for use in internal combustion engines,
such as spark-ignition internal combustion engines, popularly known
as Otto engines, or self-ignition internal combustion engines,
popularly known as Diesel engines.
[0022] The products, as defined above, are particularly suitable
for formulating lubricant compositions and blending so-called
additive packages, which remain clear and homogenous liquids on
storage at room temperature. The lubricant compositions are
particularly suitable as motor oils, which correspond to the API
(American Petroleum Institute) and the CCMC (Committee of Common
Market Automobile Constructors) classifications.
[0023] The definitions and general terms used in the description of
the present invention preferably have the following meanings:
[0024] Component a)
[0025] The various alkyl groups defined above of different chain
length comprise saturated linear or, where possible, branched
hydrocarbon groups, particularly C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, e.g. methyl,
ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl,
neopentyl, isopentyl, tert-pentyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylbutyl,
1-methylpentyl or 1,3-dimethylbutyl. Alkyl groups of higher chain
length are, e.g. 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-heptyl,
3-heptyl, 1-methylhexyl, isoheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl,
1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, n-nonyl or
1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, as well as C.sub.10-C.sub.25alkyl,
particularly straight chained C.sub.10-C.sub.25alkyl, e.g. n-decyl,
n-dodecyl, n-tetra-decyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, icosyl,
henicosyl or docosyl, or branched C.sub.10-C.sub.25alkyl, e.g.
1-methylundecyl, 2-n-butyl-n-octyl, isotridecyl, 2-n-hexyl-n-decyl
or 2-n-octyl-n-dodecyl, or higher homologues thereof.
[0026] (C.sub.1-C.sub.4Alkyl).sub.1-3phenyl is, for example, 2- or
4-tolyl, 2,5- or 2,6-xylyl, mesityl, 2- or 4-ethyl-phenyl, 2,4- or
2,6-diethylphenyl, 4-cumenyl, 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl or
2,6-bis-tert-butyl.
[0027] Phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl is, for example, phenyl attached
to C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl in 1-, 2- or 3-position, e.g.
2-phenylethyl, particularly benzyl.
[0028] (C.sub.1-C.sub.4Alkyl).sub.1-3phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl is
one of the above mentioned (C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl).sub.1-3phenyl
attached to C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl in 1-, 2- or 3-position, e.g.
2-tert-butyl-6-methylbenzyl or 2,6-bis-tert-butyl-phenyl.
[0029] C.sub.5-C.sub.12Cycloalkyl is, for example, cyclopentyl or
cyclohexyl.
[0030] (C.sub.1-C.sub.4Alkyl).sub.1-3C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl is
one of the above-mentioned C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl groups
substituted with 1-3 C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, e.g. 2-
or4-methylcyclohexyl, 2,6-dimethylcyclohexyl,
2,4,6-trimethylcyclohexyl or 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl.
[0031] In a compound (I), the numeral m represents zero or one. In
the event that m represents zero, the direct bond is defined.
[0032] A particularly preferred group of compounds (I), wherein m
is zero, is represented by the general formula: ##STR4## wherein
one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents methyl or tert-butyl and the
other one represents tert-butyl and Y represents hydrogen or
methyl.
[0033] Component b)
[0034] R.sub.4 in a compound (II) represents C.sub.4-C.sub.25alkyl,
particularly n-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl,
isopentyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-methylpentyl,
1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-heptyl, 3-heptyl, 1-methylhexyl, isoheptyl,
n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl,
n-nonyl or 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, as well as C.sub.10-C.sub.25alkyl,
particularly branched C.sub.10-C.sub.25alkyl, e.g. 1-methylundecyl,
2-n-butyl-n-octyl, isotridecyl, 2-n-hexyl-n-decyl or
2-n-octyl-n-dodecyl, or higher homologues thereof.
[0035] Component c)
[0036] In a compound (III) R.sub.5 and R.sub.5' independently of
one another represent hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl. A
particularly preferred compound is thiodiethylene glycol.
[0037] A preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a product
obtainable by reacting [0038] a) At least one compound (I), wherein
one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents methyl or tert-butyl and the
other one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents tert-butyl; R.sub.3
represents hydrogen; Y represents C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl; and m
represents zero or one; and [0039] b) At least one compound (II),
wherein R.sub.4 represents C.sub.4-C.sub.18alkyl; and [0040] c) At
least one compound (III), wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.5' represent
hydrogen.
[0041] A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates
to a product obtainable by reacting [0042] a) At least one compound
(I), wherein one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents methyl or
tert-butyl and the other one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents
tert-butyl; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen; Y represents methyl and m
represents zero; and [0043] b) At least one compound (II), wherein
R.sub.4 represents C.sub.4-C.sub.18alkyl; and [0044] c) At least
one compound (III), wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.5' represent
hydrogen.
[0045] A highly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a
product obtainable by reacting [0046] a) A mixture comprising a
compound (I), wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent tert-butyl;
R.sub.3 represents hydrogen; Y represents methyl and m represents
zero; and a compound (I), wherein one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2
represents methyl and the other one tert-butyl; R.sub.3 represents
hydrogen; Y represents methyl and m represents zero; and [0047] b)
At least one compound (II), wherein R.sub.4 represents
C.sub.4-C.sub.18alkyl; and [0048] c) At least one compound (III),
wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.5' represent hydrogen.
[0049] Another embodiment of the invention relates to a product
obtainable by reacting the component a) with a surplus of the molar
quantities of the combined components b) and c). In a preferred
embodiment the molar quantity of a) is smaller than or equal to the
sum of the molar quantities of b) and c), provided that the molar
quantity of c) is twice with regard to b), i.e. a)=[b)+2c)].
[0050] In another preferred embodiment the components a), b) and c)
are reacted in a molar quantity ratio of 2.0:1.0:1.0 to
10.0:8.0:1.0. A molar quantity ratio of 2.0:1.0:1.0 to 5.0:4.0:1.0
is particularly preferred.
[0051] The products according to the invention preferably comprise
the active group ##STR5## in a percentage of 30.0 to 80.0% by
weight, particularly 50.0 to 80.0% by weight.
[0052] Another embodiment of the invention relates to a process for
preparing a liquid mixture of phenolic sulphur-containing
antioxidants, which comprises reacting [0053] a) At least one
compound (I), wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R3, Y and m are as defined
above, with [0054] b) At least one compound (II), wherein R.sub.4
is as defined above; and [0055] c) At least one compound (III),
wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.5' are as defined above.
[0056] A preferred embodiment of the process comprises reacting the
ester component a) with components b) and c), provided that at
least a slight, particularly a significant, molar excess of hydroxy
groups is present in the reaction mixture.
[0057] The three components a), b) and c) can be reacted with each
other to give the products according to the invention in any
desired sequence. Preferably, component a) is reacted
simultaneously with component b) and component c). The process is
preferably carried out in the presence of a suitable catalyst, e.g.
so-called Lewis bases or acids.
[0058] Suitable Lewis bases are metal hydrides, alkylides,
arylides, hydroxides, alcoholates, phenolates, amides or
carboxylates.
[0059] Examples of preferred metal hydrides are lithium, sodium,
potassium or calcium hydride.
[0060] An example of a preferred metal alkylide is
n-butyllithium.
[0061] An example of a preferred metal arylide is
phenyllithium.
[0062] Examples of preferred metal hydroxides are lithium, sodium,
potassium or calcium hydroxide.
[0063] Examples of preferred metal alcoholates are lithium, sodium
or potassium methanolate (=methylate) or ethanolate
(=ethylate).
[0064] Examples of preferred metal phenolates are sodium or
potassium phenolate.
[0065] Examples of preferred metal amides are sodium or lithium
amide.
[0066] Examples of preferred carboxylates are sodium or calcium
acetate or sodium benzoate.
[0067] Examples of suitable Lewis adds are represented by the
formulae: ##STR6## wherein R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c and R.sub.d
independently of one another represent C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl or
phenyl. C.sub.1-C.sub.8Alkyl is preferred. A particularly preferred
Lewis acid is dibutyltin oxide or aluminium isopropoxide.
[0068] The catalyst is added to components a), b) and c) in a
preferred amount of 0.05 to 10.0% by weight, preferably in an
amount of 0.1 to 5.0% by weight. The addition of 0.5 to 2.0% by
weight is particularly preferred. The addition of the catalyst in
an inert solvent, such as a polar protic or non-protic solvent,
e.g. methanol or ethanol, is optional.
[0069] The reaction of components a), b) and c) in a high-boiling
solvent, for example a non-polar aprotic solvent, e.g. xylene, is
optional. The preferred reaction temperature range is between 130
and 250.degree. C. A particularly preferred reaction temperature
range is between 130 and 190.degree. C.
[0070] Components a), b) and c) are known and commercially
available or can be prepared from known and commercially available
compounds by applying known methods.
[0071] The invention relates also to the use of a mixture of the
individual components a), b) and c), preferably in the mentioned
concentration, as additives in motor oils, turbine oils, gear oils,
hydraulic fluids, metal-working fluids or lubricating greases.
[0072] The invention relates in particular to the use of the
product obtainable by reacting the individual components a), b) and
c), preferably in the mentioned concentration, as additives in
motor oils, turbine oils, gear oils, hydraulic fluids,
metal-working fluids or lubricating greases.
[0073] Another embodiment of the invention relates to a process for
stabilising the composition of matter subject to oxidative, thermal
or light induced degradation, which comprises adding to said
composition of matter at least one product as defined above.
[0074] The invention likewise relates to a process for protection
against corrosion or oxidative degradation of metals, which are in
contact with functional fluids, wherein the reaction product
defined further above, obtainable by reacting the individual
components a), b) and c), is added to the functional fluid.
[0075] Another embodiment of the invention relates to a composition
comprising
[0076] A) A product as defined above; and
[0077] B) A functional fluid subject to oxidative, thermal or light
induced degradation.
[0078] The term functional fluid includes aqueous, partially
aqueous and non-aqueous fluids, particular base oils of lubricating
viscosity, which can be used for the preparation of greases, metal
working fluids, gear fluids and hydraulic fluids.
[0079] The compositions according to the invention preferably
comprise 0.01 to 5.0% by weight, in particular 0.02 to 1.0% by
weight, of the reaction product, based on the weight of the
functional fluid.
[0080] Examples of aqueous functional fluids are industrial cooling
water, filling compositions of a water conditioning plant, steam
generation systems, sea water evaporation systems, sugar
evaporation systems, irrigation systems, hydrostatic boilers and
heating systems or cooling systems having a closed circulation.
[0081] Examples of suitable partially aqueous functional fluids are
hydraulic fluids based on aqueous polyglycol/polyglycol ether
mixtures or glycol systems, water-in-oil or oil-in-water systems
and engine cooling systems based on aqueous glycol.
[0082] Examples of non-aqueous functional fluids are fuels, e.g.
hydrocarbon mixtures comprising mineral oil fractions which are
liquid at room temperature and are suitable for use in internal
combustion engines, e.g. internal combustion engines with external
(petrol engines) or internal ignition (diesel engines), e.g. petrol
having different octane contents (regular grade or premium grade
petrol) or diesel fuel, and lubricants, hydraulic fluid, metal
working fluid, engine coolants, transformer oil and switchgear
oil.
[0083] Nonaqueous functional fluids are preferred, in particular
base oils of lubricating viscosity, which can be used for the
preparation of greases, metal working fluids, gear fluids and
hydraulic fluids.
[0084] Suitable greases, metal working fluids, gear fluids and
hydraulic fluids are based, for example, on mineral or synthetic
oils or mixtures thereof. The lubricants are familiar to a person
skilled in the art and are described in the relevant literature,
such as, for example, in Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants;
Mortier, R. M. and Orszulik S. T. (Editors); 1992 Blackie and Son
Ltd. for GB, VCH-Publishers N.Y. for U.S., ISBN 0-216-92921-0, cf.
pages 208 et seq. and 269 et seq.; in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of
Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition 1969, J. Wiley & Sons, New
York Vol. 13, page 533 et seq. (Hydraulic Fluids); Performance
Testing of Hydraulic Fluids; R. Tourret and E. P. Wright Hyden
& Son Ltd. GB, on behalf of The Institute of Petroleum London,
ISBN 0 85501 317 6; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Ind. Chem., Fifth
Completely Revised Edition, Verlag Chemie, D E-Weinheim,
VCH-Publishers for U.S., Vol. A 15, page 423 et seq. (Lubricants),
Vol. A 13, page 165 et seq. (Hydraulic Fluids).
[0085] A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates
to a lubricant composition comprising
[0086] A) A product as defined above; and
[0087] B) A base oil of lubricating viscosity.
[0088] The lubricants are in particular oils and greases, for
example based on mineral oil or vegetable and animal oils, fats,
tallow and wax or mixtures thereof. Vegetable and animal oils,
fats, tallow and wax are, for example, palm kernel oil, palm oil,
olive oil, colza oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, soy bean oil,
cotton wool oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, maize oil, castor oil,
walnut oil and mixtures thereof, fish oils, and chemically
modified, e.g. epoxidised or sulphoxidised, forms or forms prepared
by genetic engineering, for example soy bean oil prepared by
genetic engineering.
[0089] Examples of synthetic lubricants include lubricants based on
aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic esters, polymeric esters,
polyalkylene oxides, phosphoric acid esters, poly-.alpha.-olefins
or silicones of the diester of a dibasic acid with a monohydric
alcohol, e.g. dioctyl sebacate or di-nonyl adipate, of a triester
of trimethylolpropane with a monobasic add or with a mixture of
such acids, e.g. trimethylolpropane tripelargonate,
trimethylolpropane tricaprylate or mixtures thereof, of a tetra
ester of pentaerythritol with a monobasic acid or with a mixture of
such acids, e.g. pentaerythrityl tetracaprylate, or of a complex
ester of monobasic and dibasic acids with polyhydric alcohols, e.g.
a complex ester of trimethylolpropane with caprylic and sebacic
acid or of a mixture thereof. Particularly suitable in addition to
mineral oils are, for example, poly-.alpha.-olefins, ester-based
lubricants, phosphates, glycols, polyglycols and polyalkylene
glycols and mixtures thereof with water.
[0090] Said lubricants or mixtures thereof can also be mixed with
an organic or inorganic thickener (base fat). Metal working fluids
and hydraulic fluids can be prepared on the basis of the same
substances as described above for the lubricants. These are
frequently also emulsions of such substances in water or other
fluids.
[0091] The invention relates also to a method of improving the
performance properties of lubricants, which comprises adding to the
lubricant at least one product as defined above. The lubricant
compositions, e.g. greases, gear fluids, metal working fluids and
hydraulic fluids, may additionally contain further additives, which
are added to improve further their performance properties. These
include: other antioxidants, metal deactivators, rust inhibitors,
viscosity index improvers, pour-point depressants, dispersants,
detergents, high pressure additives and antiwear additives. Such
additives are added in customary amounts, each in the range from
0.01 to 10.0% by weight. Examples of further additives are listed
below:
1. Phenolic Antioxidants
[0092] 1.1. Alkylated monophenols:
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol,
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol,
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylphenol,
2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol,
2-(.alpha.-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethyl-phenol,
2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol,
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, linear nonylphenols or
nonylphenols which are branched in the side chain, e.g.
2,6-dinonyl-4-methylphenol,
2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyl-undec-1'-yl)phenol,
2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)phenol,
2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyl-tridec-1'-yl)phenol and mixtures thereof
[0093] 1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenols:
2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol,
2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol,
2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol,
2,6-didodecylthiomethyl-4-nonyl-phenol [0094] 1.3. Hydroquinones
and alkylated hydroquinones: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol,
2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amyl-hydroquinone,
2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyl-oxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone,
2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole,
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole,
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylstearate,
bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)adipate [0095] 1.4.
Tocopherols: .alpha.-, .beta.-, .gamma.- or .delta.-tocopherols and
mixtures thereof (vitamin E) [0096] 1.5. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl
ethers: 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol),
2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol),
4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol),
4,4'-thiobis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol),
4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol),
4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)disulphide [0097] 1.6.
Alkylidene bisphenols:
2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(.alpha.-methylcyclohexyl)phenol],
2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol),
2,2'-ethylidenebis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol),
2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol),
2,2'-methyl-enebis[6-(.alpha.-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol],
2,2'-methylenebis[6-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol],
4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol),
4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol),
1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane,
2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol,
1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane,
1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane,
ethylene glycol
bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate],
bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)dicyclopentadiene,
bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphe-
nyl]terephthalate, 1,1-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane,
2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane,
2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane,
1,1,5,5-tetrakis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane
[0098] 1.7. O--, N-- and S-benzyl compounds:
3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl
4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate,
tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylmercaptoacetate,
tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine,
bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate,
bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulphide, isooctyl
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate [0099] 1.8.
Hydroxybenzylated malonates: dioctadecyl
2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-malonate, dioctadecyl
2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, didodecyl
mercaptoethyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate,
di-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydro-
xybenzyl)malonate [0100] 1.9. Hydroxybenzyl aromatics:
1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethyl-benzene,
1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene,
2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol [0101] 1.10.
Triazine compounds:
2,4-bisoctylmercapto-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-
e,
2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triaz-
ine,
2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-tri-
azine,
2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine,
1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate,
1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)iso-cyanurate,
2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-1,3,5-tr-
iazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate
[0102] 1.11. Acylaminophenols: 4-hydroxylauranilide,
4-hydroxystearanilide, octyl
N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate [0103] 1.12. Esters
of beta-(3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with
monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol,
n-octanol, isooctanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol,
ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene
glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol,
tris(hydroxy-ethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxalamide,
3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapenta-decanol, trimethylhexanediol,
trimethylolpropane,
4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane [0104]
1.13. Esters of
beta-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid (with
monohydric or polyhydric alcohols), e.g. with methanol, ethanol,
n-octanol, isooctanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol,
ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentylglycol, thiodiethylene
glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol,
tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxalamide,
3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol,
trimethylolpropane,
4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane [0105]
1.14. Esters of beta-(3.5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic
acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. the alcohols
stated under 1.13. [0106] 1.15. Ester of
3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with monohydric or
polyhydric alcohols, e.g. the alcohols stated under 1.13. [0107]
1.16. Amides of beta-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic
acid, e.g.
N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamine,
N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamine,
N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenylpropionyl)hydrazine
[0108] 1.17. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) [0109] 1.18. Amine
antioxidants: N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-bis(1-methyl-heptyl)-p-phenylene-diamine,
N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-di-(naphth-2-yl)-p-phenylenediamine,
N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N-(1,3-dimethyl-butyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine,
4-(p-tolue-nesulphonamido)diphenylamine,
N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine,
N-allyidiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxy-diphenylamine,
N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine,
N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octylated diphenylamine, e.g.
p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol,
4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylamino-phenol,
4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-octa-decanoylaminophenol,
di-(4-methoxyphenyl)amine,
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-didmethylami-nomethylphenol,
2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane,
N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane,
1,2-di-[(2-methylphenyl)-amino]ethane, 1,2-di-(phenylamino)propane,
(o-tolyl)biguanide, di-[4-(1',3'-dimethyl-butyl)phenyl]amine,
tert-oclylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, mixture of mono- and
dialkylated tert-butyl/tert-octyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono-
and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and
dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and dialkylated
isopropyl/isohexyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated
tert-butyldiphenylamines,
2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine,
mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl
tert-octylphenothiazines, mixture of mono- and dialkylated
tert-octylphenothiazines, N-allylphenothiazine,
N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene,
N,N-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-hexamethylenediamine,
bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate,
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-one,
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol 2. Further antioxidants:
aliphatic or aromatic phosphites, esters of thiodipropionic acid or
thiodiacetic acid or salts of dithiocarbamic or dithiophosphoric
acid, 2,2,12,12-tetrame-thyl-5,9-dihydroxy-3,7,11-trithiatridecane
and
2,2,15,15-tetramethyl-5,12-dihydroxy-3,7,10,14-tetrathiahexadecane
3. Further metal deactivators, e.g. for copper: [0110] 3.1.
Benzotriazoles and derivatives thereof: 2-mercaptobenzotriazole,
2,5-dimercaptoben-zotriazole, 4- or 5-alkylbenzotriazoles (e.g.
tolutriazole) and derivatives thereof,
4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzotriazole, 5,5'-methylenebisbenzotriazole;
Mannich bases of benzotriazole or tolutriazole, such as
1-[di(2-ethylhexylaminomethyl)]tolutriazole and
1-[di(2-ethylhexylaminomethyl)]benzotriazole;
alkoxyalkylbenzotriazoles, such as 1-(nonyloxymethyl)benzotriazole,
1-(1-butoxyethyl)benzotriazole and
1-(1-cyclohexyl-oxybutyl)tolutriazole [0111] 3.2. 1,2,4-Triazoles
and derivatives thereof 3-alkyl (or aryl)-1,2,4-triazoles, Mannich
bases of 1,2,4-triazoles, such as
1-[di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl]-1,2,4-triazole;
alkoxyalkyl-1,2,4-triazoles, such as
1-(1-butoxyethyl)-1,2,4-triazole; acylated 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles
[0112] 3.3. Imidazole derivatives:
4,4'-methylenebis(2-undecyl-5-methylimidazole),
bis[(N-methyl)imidazol-2-yl]carbinol octyl ether [0113] 3.4.
Sulphur-containing heterocyclic compounds: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole,
2,5-dimer-capto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzothiadiazole
and derivatives thereof;
3,5-bis[di-(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazolin-2-one
[0114] 3.5. Amino compounds: Salicylidenepropylenediamine,
salicylaminoguanidine and salts thereof 4. Corrosion inhibitors
[0115] 4.1. Organic acids, their esters, metal salts, amine salts
and anhydrides: e.g. alkyl- and alkyenylsuccinic acids and partial
esters thereof with alcohols, diols or hydroxycarboxylic acids,
partial amides of alkyl- and alkenylsuccinic acids,
4-nonylphenoxyacetic acid, alkoxy- and alkoxyethoxycarboxylic
acids, such as dodecyloxyacetic acid, dode-cyloxy(ethoxy)acetic
acid and amine salts thereof, and furthermore N-oleoylsarcosine,
sorbitan monooleate, lead naphthenate, alkenylsuccinic anhydrides,
e.g. dodecenylsuccinic anhydride,
2-(2-carboxyethyl)-1-dodecyl-3-methylglycerol and salts thereof, in
particular sodium salts and triethanolamine salts [0116] 4.2.
Nitrogen-containing compounds: [0117] 4.2.1. Tertiary aliphatic and
cycloaliphatic amines and amine salts of organic and inorganic
acids, e.g. oil-soluble alkylammonium carboxylates, and furthermore
1-[N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-(4-nonylphenoxy)propan-2-ol
[0118] 4.2.2. Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. substituted imidazolines
and oxazolines, e.g. 2-hepta-decenyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazoline
5. Sulphur-containing compounds: barium
dinonylnaphthalenesulphonates, calcium petroleum sulphonates,
alkylthio-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acids, esters of
aliphatic 2-sulphocarboxylic acids and salts thereof 6. Viscosity
index improvers: polyacrylates, polymethacrylates,
vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidiones,
polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene/acrylate copolymers,
polyethers 7. Pour point depressants: poly(meth)acrylates,
ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, alkyl polystyrenes, fumarate
copolymers, alkylated naphthalene derivatives 8.
Dispersants/Surfactants: polybutenylsuccinamides or
polybutenylsuccinimides, polybutenylphosphonic acid derivatives,
basic magnesium, calcium and barium sulphonates and phenolates 9.
High pressure and antiwear additives: sulphur- and
halogen-containing compounds, e.g. chlorinated paraffins,
sulphonated olefins or vegetable oils (soy bean oil, rapeseed oil),
alkyl or aryl di- or trisulphides, benzotriazoles or derivatives
thereof, such as bis (2-ethyl-hexyl)aminomethyl tolutriazoles,
dithiocarbamates, such as methylenebisdibutyl dithiocarbamate,
derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, such as
1-[N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-aminomethyl]-2-mercapto-1H-1,3-benzothiazole,
derivatives of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, such as
2,5-bis(tert-nonyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole 10. Substances for
reducing the coefficient of friction: lard oil, oleic acid, tallow,
rapeseed oil, and sulphurised fats, amines. Further examples are
stated in EP-A-0 565 487 11. Special additives for use in water/oil
metal processing and hydraulic fluids: [0119] 11.1. Emulsifiers:
petroleum sulphonates, amines, such as polyoxyethylated fatty
amines, non-ionic surface-active substances [0120] 11.2. Buffers:
alkanolamines [0121] 11.3. Biocides: triazines, thiazolinones,
trisnitromethane, morpholine, sodium pyridinethiol [0122] 11.4.
Processing speed improvers: calcium sulphonates and barium
sulphonates.
[0123] Said components can be admixed to the lubricant composition
in a manner known per se. It is also possible to prepare a
concentrate or a so-called additive package, which can be diluted
to the concentrations of use for the corresponding lubricant
according to the technical requirements.
EXAMPLES
[0124] Abbreviations:
[0125] AO: antioxidants, h: hour(s), min: minute(s), bp: boiling
point, LC: liquid chromatography, TAN: total acid number [mg
KOH/g], Visc: viscosity increase
Example 1
[0126] 6.02 g (0.016 mol) lithium methylate (10% in methanol) are
added to a mixture of 182.22 g (0.623 mol)
3-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic add methyl ester, 143.62
g (0.574 mol) 3-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionic add
methyl ester, 77.75 g (0.597 mol) iso-octanol (Exxal.RTM.8) and
39.59 g (0.324 mol) thiodiethylene glycol. The mixture is stirred
for 6 h at 170-180.degree. C. under reduced pressure. After cooling
to room temperature the raw product is dissolved in 300 ml
petroleum ether (b.p. 60-90.degree. C.), neutralised with some
aqueous citric acid and washed with water. After evaporating the
solvent under reduced pressure and drying to constant weight in
vacuo a yellowish oil is obtained.
[0127] Refractive index of n.sub.D.sup.20: 1.5157; Elemental
Analysis: C, 72.77; H, 9.85; S, 2.62; [%, found]; LC, 55.3%;
phenolic monoesters, 36.1% phenolic diester of thiodiethanol, 3.3%
phenolic monoesters of thiodlethanol, 2.9% phenolic methyl
esters.
Example2
[0128] 1.71 g (6.9 mmol) Manalox.RTM.130 catalyst (85% alumium
isopropoxide in petroleum distillates) are added at 95-100.degree.
C. to a pre-dried mixture of 292.4 g (1.0 mol)
3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propionic acid methyl ester,
68.6 g (0.528 mol) iso-octanol (EXXAL 8) and 30.0 g (0.246 mol)
thiodiethylene glycol. The mixture is stirred under reduced
pressure for 6 h at 158-160.degree. C. and at 180-182.degree. C.
for an additional 6-8 h. After cooling to 95.degree. C., 12.0 g
Filtrol.RTM. or Engelhard Grade 13 clay is added. The temperature
is increased to 120.degree. C. under reduced pressure. After 30 min
the content is filtered (2.0 g pre-coat of Grade 13 clay on 5 .mu.
filter pad) under pressure at 120.degree. C. and a light yellowish
oil is obtained.
[0129] LC: 54.0-57.0% phenolic monoesters, 38.0-40.0% phenolic
diesters of thiodiethanol, 0.5-0.6% phenolic monoester of
thiodiethanol, 3.0-3.5% phenolic methyl esters.
Example 3
[0130] This example illustrates the performance of one-step
synthesis liquid phenolic sulphur-containing antioxidants [Examples
1 and 2] as stabilisers in motor oils.
[0131] 3.1 ASTM D 4636: Standard test for corrosiveness and
oxidation stability of hydraulic oils, aircraft turbine engine
lubricants, and other highly refined oils.
[0132] To test the antioxidant performance of a test composition
containing liquid phenolic sulphur-containing additives, an aging
test in neat polyalphaolefin (PAO, Durasyn.RTM.) synthetic oil is
carried out for 72 h at 191.degree. C. with a flow of 5 l air per h
in the presence of five metal test specimen of Fe, Ag, Al, Mg and
Cu. After the conclusion of the test the condition of the aged oil
is assessed by measuring the acid number and the percent amount of
viscosity increase, the sludge generated and the corrosion of the
metal test specimen. The results are reported in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 AO Composition Test Test Tested Compo-
Compo- Components sition 1 sition 2 Ref. 1* Ref. 2* Ref. 3* DURASYN
166 Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance IRGANOX L57.sup.1) 0.3
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Irgameto .RTM. 39.sup.2) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
IRGANOX L135.sup.3) 0.3 0.127 IRGANOX 1035.sup.4) 0.3 0.138 IRGANOX
1300.sup.5) 0.035 Example 1 0.3 Example 2 0.3 Results .DELTA. TAN
6.8 3.0/4.8 6.5 3.4/2.6 3.2 [mg KOH/g] .DELTA. Visc 40.degree. C.
[%] 23.3 25.8/23.6 51.7 10.5/21.1 17.8 Sludge 19.2 9.8/14.8 12.6
72.1/30.3 61.7 [mg/100 ml] *Referential Composition .sup.1)IRGANOX
L57 (alkylated diphenyl amine antioxidant): ##STR7## one of R and
R' hydrogen, the other one tert-butyl or octyl; or both R and R'
tert-butyl or octyl .sup.2)IRGAMET 39 (tolutriazol based metal
deactivator): ##STR8## .sup.3)IRGANOX L135 (liquid ester type
phenolic antioxidant): ##STR9## .sup.4)IRGANOX 1035 (solid dimeric
sulphur-containing ester type phenolic antioxidant): ##STR10##
.sup.4)IRGANOX 1300: ##STR11##
[0133] There is no significant corrosion of any of the metal test
specimen tested. Referential Test Compositions 2 and 3, which
contain 0.3% and 0.138% of the phenolic sulphur-containing
antioxidant IRGANOX 1035, produce higher amounts of sludge. The
amount of sludge is low in the test compositions according to
Examples 1 and 2, which are based either on a mixture (Example 1)
or one (Example 2) phenolic antioxidant(s) of the formula I.
[0134] 3.2 Deposit Test
[0135] The Hot Tube Test is an analysis of lubricant effect on
diesel engine scuffing according to S. Ohkawa, et al., SAE
Technical Paper Series, 840262, Detroit/USA 1984. An assessment of
piston deposits, oxidation and detergency effects associated with
an oil formulation is made by slowly feeding the oil together with
compressed air through a heated glass capillary tube. The oil flows
through the hot glass capillary tube while wetting the inner wall
of the tube and forming lacquer. Tests are run for 16 h at a
temperature of 248.degree. C. At the conclusion of the test, the
tubes are washed and rated for cleanliness. A scale of 0-10 is used
to rate the tubes with 10 being completely clean and 0 being
completely blackened. The results are reported in Table 2.
[0136] 3.2 Oxidation Test HPDSC
[0137] High-pressure differential scanning calorimetry (HPDSC) is
used to determine the oxidation stability of oil formulations and
additives. A small quantity of formulated oil in an aluminium pan
is placed in a test cell, which is pressurised with oxygen to 150
psi. The cell is heated to a 190.degree. C. and held at that
temperature until an exothermic reaction occurs. The extrapolated
onset time is determined and reported as the oxidation induction
time for the formulation. The results are reported in Table 2.
[0138] 3.3 Viscosity Increase Test (Ciba Viscosity Increase Test,
CVIT)
[0139] In the test according to G. A. Mazzamaro, et al., SAE
Technical Paper Series, 940793, Detroit/USA 1994 a formulated oil
containing additives is mixed with hydroperoxide and soluble iron
catalysts. The mixture is heated to 140.degree. C. in a glass tube
and oxygen is blown through the oil at a flow rate of 5 l per hour.
Samples are taken periodically for viscosity measurements. The time
period to achieve a 375% viscosity increase is determined as a
measure of the oxidative stability of the sample. The results are
reported in Table 2. TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 AO Composition Test
Test Tested Composition Composition Components 1 2 Ref. 1* Ref. 2*
Ref. 3* Ref. 4* MTX-1.sup.2) Balance Balance 100 Balance Balance
Balance Example 1 1.0 Example 2 1.0 IRGANOX L135.sup.3) 1.0 0.41
IRGANOX 1035.sup.4) 1.0 0.49 IRGANOX 1300.sup.5) 0.10 Results Hot
Tube Deposit 5/4.5 5/4 3/3 4/4.5 4/5 3.5/4 Test [rating] HPDSC,
induction 68/71 54/54 33/30 52/53 61/62 56/53 time [min] VIT [h]
110/102 79/88 33/33 74/75 124/114 98/98 *Referential Composition
.sup.2)MTX-1 is a SAE 30 CE quality level heavy-duty diesel base
formulation. It contains dispersant, detergent antiwear and
antifoam additives but no supplemental antioxidant .sup.3)IRGANOX
L135: see Table 1 .sup.4)IRGANOX 1035: see Table 2 .sup.5)IRGANOX
1300: see Table 3
[0140] There are some improvements over the base formulation,
referential formulation 1, as shown by the Test Compositions 1 and
2 in the various tests. The test compositions are, in general, more
efficient and perform better than the Referential Compositions 2, 3
and 4.
* * * * *