U.S. patent application number 11/314655 was filed with the patent office on 2006-05-11 for filter device.
Invention is credited to Uwe Hahmann, Klaus Heilmann, Michael Schonhofen, Gerhard Wiesen.
Application Number | 20060096907 11/314655 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27438491 |
Filed Date | 2006-05-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060096907 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hahmann; Uwe ; et
al. |
May 11, 2006 |
Filter device
Abstract
A filter device having two flow paths. The first flow path
having at least one cap and fluid port. The second flow path
surrounding the first fluid flow path and having at least one cap
that overlaps the cap of the first fluid flow path. The second flow
path also having at least one fluid port. The filter device
providing a simple arrangement that is easily disinfected or
sterilized.
Inventors: |
Hahmann; Uwe; (St. Wendel,
DE) ; Heilmann; Klaus; (St. Wendel, DE) ;
Schonhofen; Michael; (St. Wendel, DE) ; Wiesen;
Gerhard; (St. Wendel, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
KENYON & KENYON LLP
ONE BROADWAY
NEW YORK
NY
10004
US
|
Family ID: |
27438491 |
Appl. No.: |
11/314655 |
Filed: |
December 20, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10977807 |
Oct 28, 2004 |
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11314655 |
Dec 20, 2005 |
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10833825 |
Apr 27, 2004 |
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10977807 |
Oct 28, 2004 |
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10167520 |
Jun 12, 2002 |
6776909 |
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10833825 |
Apr 27, 2004 |
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09571312 |
May 16, 2000 |
6426002 |
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10167520 |
Jun 12, 2002 |
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08976156 |
Nov 12, 1997 |
6074559 |
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09571312 |
May 16, 2000 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
210/321.79 ;
210/321.88; 210/450; 210/500.23 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01D 63/023 20130101;
B01D 63/02 20130101; B01D 2313/20 20130101; B01D 63/022 20130101;
B01D 65/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
210/321.79 ;
210/321.88; 210/500.23; 210/450 |
International
Class: |
B01D 63/02 20060101
B01D063/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 21, 1996 |
DE |
196 48 275.5 |
Nov 21, 1996 |
DE |
196 48 276.3 |
Jun 26, 1997 |
DE |
197 27 250.9 |
Oct 7, 1997 |
DE |
197 44 336.2 |
Claims
1-39. (canceled)
40. A filter device comprising: first and second flow chambers, the
first chamber being defined by a plurality of capillary tube
passages of a hollow fiber bundle having its ends molded into a
molding compound, the second chamber being defined by a housing
enclosing the hollow fiber bundle and being sealed by the molding
compound from the entries and exits of the capillary tube passages
of the hollow fiber bundle; wherein the housing comprises a
material which does not form a tight adhesive bond with the molding
compound.
41. The filter device of claim 40, further comprising: first and
second connection pieces, the first connection piece being adapted
to at least one of feed fluids into and feed fluids out of the
first flow chamber, the second connection piece being adapted to at
least one of feed fluids into and feed fluids out of the second
flow chamber, the second connection piece being in fluid
communication with an annular space between the housing and the end
portion of the hollow fiber bundle.
42. The filter device of claim 40, wherein the housing includes a
plurality of projections which are enclosed by the molding compound
and a plurality of notches wherein each notch is formed between a
pair of projections of the plurality of projections, wherein the
plurality of notches connects the annular space to the second flow
chamber.
43. The filter device of claim 41, wherein during normal use the
annular space is located at the top of the filter device, and the
second connection piece is in fluid communication with the upper
end of the annular space so that there is no dead space in the
annular space and in the second flow chamber in which air bubbles
can collect.
44. The filter device of claim 40, further comprising: a seal
adjacent to the molding compound which seals the first flow chamber
from the second flow chamber.
45. The filter device of claim 42, wherein the cross-sectional area
of each notch of the plurality of notches in the housing increases
with increasing distance of each notch from the second connection
piece so that essentially equal partial quantities of fluid can
enter or leave through the plurality of notches.
46. The filter device of claim 40, wherein the first flow chamber
is a permeate flow chamber.
47. The filter device of claim 40, wherein the second flow chamber
is a filtrate flow chamber.
48. The filter device of claim 42, wherein the plurality of
projections comprise an elastic material.
49. The filter device of claim 42, wherein the plurality of
projections comprise a plastic material.
50. The filter device of claim 40, wherein the housing comprises
polypropylene.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to a filter device having two flow
spaces, of which a first space, preferably a permeate space, is
formed by the tubular or capillary tube passages of a hollow-fiber
bundle poured at its ends into a molding compound, and a second
space, preferably a filtrate space, is formed by a housing
enclosing the fiber bundle, the first space being sealed off by
caps, placed on the molding compounds, with sealing devices running
over the peripheral areas of said molding compounds, and the
molding compounds being braced against the housing.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The German laid open print 26 46 358 discloses a filter
device in which the hollow-fiber bundle encloses a central conduit
in a ring-like manner, and the ends of the ring-shaped hollow-fiber
bundle are sealed off by a molding compound both with respect to
the central conduit and with respect to the housing casing
concentrically enclosing it.
[0003] Another known filter device likewise comprises a tubular
housing which encloses the hollow-fiber bundle, the ends of the
hollow-fiber bundle being joined to the ends of the tubular housing
by a molding compound. In this filter device, the housing is
provided in each case with radial connection pieces, adjacent to
the molding compounds, which form the inlets and outlets to the
second flow space. The capillary tubes of the hollow-fiber bundle
enclosed by the molding compounds are cut at their end faces to
open them. Caps provided with connection pieces which form the
inlets and outlets of the first flow space are then placed
sealingly on the ends of the tubular casing.
[0004] These known filter devices are used, for example, as
capillary dialyzers, the flow spaces formed by the capillary-tube
passages forming the blood chamber, and the housing enclosing the
hollow-fiber bundle forming the dialysate chamber in which the
dialysate flows around the hollow fibers.
[0005] The problem existing in the known filter devices is that the
molding compound, usually made of PU [polyurethane] which hardens
in a disk shape and forms a sealing between the two flow spaces,
shrinks when hardening, so that stresses develop in the disk-shaped
sealings formed by the molding compounds which can lead to cracks
and even detachments of the molding compounds from the housing
casing enclosing them. As a result, the two flow spaces are no
longer completely sealed off from one another, and the adhesion of
the sealing compounds to the housing enclosing the fiber bundle,
said adhesion producing the seal, is no longer reliably
assured.
[0006] In a filter device of the type indicated at the outset
disclosed by EP 0 305 687 B1, the disk-shaped molding compounds are
enclosed by interposed rings to which the molding compounds do not
adhere, so that they can shrink free of stress. This stress-free
shrinking prevents cracks in the disk-shaped molding compounds, and
makes it possible to dispense with a direct sealing between the
peripheral edge of the sealing compounds and the housing enclosing
them. To nevertheless maintain a sealing between the two flow
spaces, the first space is sealed off by caps placed on the molding
compound, and specifically by sealing devices which run over the
edge area of the molding compound and against which the caps are
pressed.
[0007] In this known filter device, the problem now exists of
producing a connection to the second space formed by the housing
enclosing the fiber bundle. This connection is produced in the
known filter device, in that the diameter of the tubular housing is
widened at its end areas more or less in the manner of a sleeve,
these widened areas being provided with radial connection pieces.
These connection pieces open through into the second space formed
by the housing, the widened sections of the housing being sealed
off from the first space because the caps are sealingly joined to
the widened sections, so that a sealing is produced to the outside
by the cap edge, and a sealing is produced with respect to the
first space by the circumferential sealing ring. This type of
arrangement of the connection pieces at the second space formed by
the housing is relatively costly. Furthermore, dead spaces which
are poorly rinsed develop above or below the connection pieces, at
which gas bubbles can collect. This can have a disadvantageous
effect during disinfecting or sterilization, as well as generally
when handling.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] Therefore, the object of the invention is to produce a
filter device of the type specified at the outset in which, on one
hand, it is reliably assured that the two flow spaces are sealed
off from one another by the hardened molding compounds, and on the
other hand, a simple arrangement of the connection pieces for the
second flow space is produced and poorly rinsed dead spaces are
moreover avoided.
[0009] This objective is achieved according to the invention, given
a filter device having two flow spaces, the first space formed by
tubular or capillary tube passages of a hollow-fiber bundle, said
fiber bundle being poured at its ends into a molding compound, and
a second space formed by the housing surrounding the fiber bundle.
The invention further entails the first space being sealed off by
caps, placed on the molding compounds, with sealing devices being
placed over the peripheral areas of the molding compounds, and the
molding compounds being braced against the housing. The molding
compounds are hardened in molds enclosing them at their end faces
and peripheral sides to form disks. Caps are provided for the ends
of the first space that seal to the molding compound and have a
connection piece providing inflow/outflow access to the first
space. A second set of caps, overlapping the first caps, is
provided, said caps having a connection piece providing
inflow/outflow access to the second space. The edges of the second
caps being joined to the housing in a fluid tight manner, so that
between the first and second set of caps, interspaces are formed,
said interspaces being connected to the second space.
[0010] In the filter device according to the invention, the molding
compounds are hardened in molds enclosing them on the face and at
their sides, so that the molding compounds are able to shrink free
of stress. As in the known filter device, the sealing between the
disk-shaped molding compounds thus formed and the first caps is
effected by inserted sealing means. However, to produce a simple
access to the second flow space, the corresponding connection
pieces are no longer arranged on the housing itself, but on the
second cap overlapping the first cap. This simplifies the filter
device.
[0011] The inner edges of the second caps overlapping the molding
compounds advantageously extend beyond the molding compounds to the
inside, so that a flow space is produced between the
circumferential wall of the second caps and the molding compounds
or the fiber bundles enclosed by them.
[0012] According to a preferred specific embodiment, the
pipe-section-shaped housing, into which the hollow-fiber bundle is
drawn, is provided at the ends of its casing with tooth-like or
scalloped projections formed by axial notches or indentations
running out freely, the outer areas of the projections being
integrated into the molding compounds, so that the free inner areas
of the notches or indentations form flow passages for the fluid.
Since the housing, which is pipe-section-shaped or preferably
provided with a circular cross-section, is made of a material
having elastic properties such as PC (polycarbonate), wreath-shaped
edges made of flexible tongues are formed by the notches or
indentations, said edges being at least partially enclosed by the
molding compound. When the molding compound then hardens to form
the disks, they can shrink essentially free of stress, because the
flexible tongues offer no significant resistance to this shrinking.
According to this refinement of the present invention, the disks
formed by the molding compounds are firmly joined to the ends of
the tubular housing, so that the two flow chambers can then be
reliably separated from one another by the two caps overlapping one
another, with the appropriate sealing means.
[0013] It may be that the filter device known from EP 0 305 387 B1
has a tubular housing, in which wreath-shaped edges formed by
notches or indentations are produced in the widened end sections
and are partially enclosed by the molding compounds hardened to
form disks. However, these wreath-shaped edges made of rectangular
projections demand a complicated design of the housing, because in
addition, they are still enclosed by the widened end sections of
the housing which are provided with the connection pieces.
[0014] The housing is expediently provided in the area of the inner
ends of the projections with radial flanges, on which the edges of
the second caps are sealingly supported, or to which they are
secured.
[0015] Advantageously, the distance of the projections from one
another in the circumferential direction is greater than their
width.
[0016] According to one inventive embodiment, for which independent
protection is claimed, the cross-sectional area of the regions of
the notches or indentations free of the molding compounds is so
dimensioned that, starting from a radial connection piece, they
increase in their cross-section, so that essentially equal partial
quantities of the fluid can enter and exit through the
cross-sections. This embodiment takes into account the circumstance
that, in the annular space surrounding the fiber bundle and into
which the liquid is fed through a radial connection piece, a
pressure drop occurs in the circumferential direction starting from
the mouth of the connection piece. Adjusting the cross-sections of
the intake ports to this pressure drop assures that essentially
equal quantities of fluid enter the openings distributed over the
circumference.
[0017] A special problem in filter devices of the type indicated at
the outset is assuring that in the second space, the surfaces of
the fibers in the hollow-fiber bundle are circumflowed as
completely and uniformly as possible by the introduced fluid, in
order to increase the effectiveness of the filter device.
Therefore, according to one particularly preferred specific
embodiment of the invention, inserted into the housing are
saucer-shaped rings whose legs are joined to the inside wall of the
housing and which are provided with bore holes, and that the inside
wall is provided with bore holes opening through into the annular
spaces formed by the rings. An annular space is formed by the
saucer-shaped ring, in which the introduced fluid can spread out
well. The bore holes can be distributed uniformly over the
periphery, in doing which the cross-sections of the bore holes can
be adapted to the pressure drop occurring in the introduced fluid
if it is fed into the annular space only through one bore hole or
one radial connection piece.
[0018] To maintain an essentially uniform fluid pressure given a
one-sided introduction of the fluid into the annular space, the
bore holes and openings respectively having identical flow-through
cross-sections can be distributed with appropriately variable
clearances over the periphery of the inside wall of the annular
space.
[0019] Advantageously, the rings have a U-shaped cross-section, the
bore holes being arranged in the radial legs of the rings.
[0020] In the known filter device, the annular spaces formed by the
annular grooves have an axial clearance with respect to the end
disks formed by the molding compounds. Because of this, in the case
of a vertically standing filter device, for example, air bubbles
can collect at the upper disk formed by the molding compound.
Furthermore, air bubbles can also collect in the lower annular
groove between the mouth of the radial connection piece and the
groove bottom. A result of this undesired collecting of air or air
bubbles is that, for example, during sterilization or disinfection
of the filter, the air-filled areas do not come in contact, or come
only insufficiently in contact with the sterilizing or disinfecting
means.
[0021] To achieve a complete deaeration of the hollow-fiber space,
a further inventive development provides that the annular spaces or
the passages connecting the annular spaces to the second space are
joined directly to the molding compounds, or extend in the axial
direction to their area.
[0022] This refinement of the present invention prevents dead
spaces between the connection pieces and the annular spaces
respectively into which they discharge, so that no air can
accumulate in unwanted manner in dead spaces, and a complete,
circumcirculation of the hollow-fiber bundle by the fluid between
the molding compounds is assured.
[0023] Expediently, both sides of the filter are identically
shaped, so that the effects provided according to the invention are
attainable in any position of the filter.
[0024] The embodiment of the filter according to the invention also
has a favorable effect on the discharge side of the second space,
since the fluid is withdrawn from the second space essentially
uniformly distributed over the annular space.
[0025] A further advantage of the present device is that its
housing can be made of a material such as propylene which does not
form a tight adhesive bond with the molding compound. Therefore, it
is possible to produce the filter device according to the invention
from less costly plastic materials, which increases its economic
efficiency.
[0026] A further inventive refinement relates to a filter device
having two flow spaces, of which a first space, preferably a
permeate space, is formed by the tubular or capillary tube passages
of a hollow-fiber bundle poured at its ends into a molding
compound, and a second space, preferably a filtrate space, is
formed by a housing enclosing the hollow-fiber bundle. The filtrate
space is sealed off from the inlets and outlets of the tubes of the
hollow-fiber bundle by the molding compound. Furthermore, at least
two connection pieces are provided for the feeding and removal of
fluids into or out of each of the two spaces, of which at least one
connection piece of the second space opens through into an annular
space formed between the housing and the area of one end of the
hollow-fiber bundle. To assure that there is no dead space in the
annular space in which air bubbles can collect, the present
invention provides that in the position of normal use, at least one
annular space is located at the top, and that the annular space
extends to the supply line and discharge line respectively.
Preferably dialysate can be fed or removed through the upper
annular space.
[0027] In the following, an exemplary embodiment of the invention
is explained in more detail with the aid of the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal cross-section through one side
of a filter device according to the invention,
[0029] FIG. 2 to 4 show top views onto one end face of a disk
formed by the molding compound,
[0030] FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal cross-section through the
housing of a known filter device,
[0031] FIG. 6 shows a section through the upper area of the housing
of a filter device according to the invention with closed annular
space
[0032] FIG. 7 shows a side view of a filter device according to the
invention and
[0033] FIG. 8 shows a section through the filter device according
to FIG. 7.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0034] Filter device 1 is made of a pipe-section-shaped housing 2
of plastic such as PC, whose edges merge into a radial, annular
flange 3. Joined to the housing, to the inner edge area of this
flange 3 or to the transition region between the cylindrical pipe
section and the flange, is a cylindrical ring which is provided
with indentations 5 that form rectangular notches which run out
freely. Formed between these notches 5 are scallop-like or
tongue-like projections 4 which are likewise essentially
rectangular and extend in the axial direction. At their upper,
outer, end areas, these projections 4 have projections 6 pointing
radially outwardly.
[0035] A hollow-fiber bundle 55 is introduced into pipe-shaped
housing 2. The ends of this hollow-fiber bundle are embedded in a
molding compound 7 made, for example, of PU, which is disk-shaped
after hardening. Since during its hardening, the molding compound
is centrifuged about an axis of rotation at right angles to housing
axis 8, disk 7 in the top view evident from FIG. 1 has a
cylindrical saucer-shaped inner side 9. The hardening is carried
out in a cap which rotates along and which delimits the end face
and the peripheral side. The tolerance range within which
cylindrical, saucer-shaped, inner side 9 can move is indicated by
broken lines 9' and 9''.
[0036] After hardening the molding compound, disk 7 is cut at its
end face 10, thus opening the small capillary tubes of the
hollow-fiber bundle embedded in the molding compound.
[0037] A first cap 11 having a central connection piece 12 is then
placed on end face 10 of disk 7, said cap being sealed off at its
edge area, by means of an O-ring 13, from the edge area of disk 7
free of hollow fibers.
[0038] First cap 11 is enclosed by a second cap 14 having a
cylindrical wall 15 whose edge area is joined in a fluid-tight
manner to the outer edge of annular flange 3. Second cap 14
possesses a central, cylindrical extension prolongation 16 which
forms a connection piece and concentrically encloses the
double-walled connection piece 12 of first cap 11. Second cap 14 is
provided on its inner side with ray-shaped webs 17 which assure the
necessary clearance to first cap 11, and thus define flow channels.
Cylindrical extension prolongation 16 is also provided on its inner
side with radial webs 19 which are supported on the outer casing of
connection piece 12 and define flow channels.
[0039] Radial webs 20, arranged in a star shape and used as
stiffening, are provided on the lower side of first cap 11.
[0040] With its cylindrical edge 15, second cap 14 encloses, with
radial clearance, disk 7 and scalloped or tooth-shaped extension
prolongations 4, thus forming an annular space 21 through which the
fluid, introduced through connection piece 16, can enter through
the inner areas of ports 5 into the flow space enclosing the
hollow-fiber bundle.
[0041] As FIGS. 2 to 4 show, the tooth-like or scallop-like
projections 4 and gaps 5 formed between them can have different
lengths and form different angles at circumference. The
nose-shaped, radial projections 6 can also vary in length and
width.
[0042] FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal cross-section through the
housing of a known dialyzer. In this known dialyzer, the ends of
hollow-fiber bundle 25 are enclosed by the molding compounds which
have hardened to form disks 26 and which form secure bonds to outer
edges 27, 28 of housing 29. At a distance from disks 26, the
housing is provided with radial connections 30, 31 that open into
channel-shaped annular spaces 32, 33 which, in the manner shown,
are formed by inner, ring-shaped wall sections 34, 35 which run out
freely and whose edges terminate with axial clearance before the
disks. If, for example, given a vertically standing housing, a
fluid such as dialysate is introduced through lower radial
connection piece 31 into the space accommodating hollow-fiber
bundle 25, the fluid tends to overflow the edge of wall 35
bordering annular groove 33, mainly in the areas near connection
piece 31, so that an unsymmetrical fluid flow, that is to say
dialysate flow, develops in housing 29.
[0043] The filter device according to the invention, explained with
the aid of FIGS. 1 to 4, prevents this unsymmetrical flow, because
the fluid or dialysate spreads out in annular space 21 and then,
essentially with uniform circumferential distribution, enters
through the inner, free areas of inlet ports 5 into the space
enclosing the hollow-fiber bundle. In the exemplary embodiment
shown, annular space 21 is bounded outwardly by the cylindrical
wall of cap 15, the cap being provided with an axial,
concentrically arranged intake nipple, so that the fluid spreads
out with equal pressure in annular space 21. Since an essentially
equal fluid pressure occurs over the periphery of annular space 21,
the intake ports formed by the free areas of inlet notches 5 can
also have equal cross-sections.
[0044] In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6, the fluid
or the dialysate enters through radial bore holes 41 of
pipe-section-shaped housing 36 into an annular space 37 which is
formed by a U-shaped ring 38 whose outwardly-pointing legs are
joined in a fluid-tight manner to the housing casing. Provided in
the legs of U-shaped ring 38 are bore holes 39, uniformly
distributed over the circumference, through which the fluid
introduced into annular space 37 can enter into the chamber
containing the hollow-fiber bundle.
[0045] The pipe-section-shaped housing is provided, in the area of
the lower side of the annular space, with an outer, radially
circumferential flange 40 upon which the edge of a cap can be
placed, in a corresponding manner as in the case of the device
described with the aid of FIGS. 1 to 4, so that between the
cylindrical circumferential wall of the cap and the upper part of
housing 6, an annular space is formed through which fluid can be
conducted, with equal pressure distribution, to radial bore holes
35 distributed over the periphery of the housing.
[0046] FIG. 7 shows a side view of a filter device, in the case
shown, a dialyzer. In this dialyzer, the connections or connection
pieces used for connecting to the nozzles of a dialysis machine are
located on one side and have center lines parallel to one another,
so that they can be sealingly pressed, directly or through a
suitable device, onto the nozzles of the dialysis machine.
[0047] In the filter device evident from FIGS. 7 and 8, the upper
and lower caps provided with the connections and connection pieces
respectively are made of parts produced separately in the injection
molding process whose edges are butt joined in a fluid-tight manner
by suitable welded or adhesive joints to the edges of the housing
which open out bell-shaped.
[0048] As is clear from FIG. 8, the blood chamber and the dialysate
chamber surrounding hollow fibers 55 are separated by a molding
compound 50. At its upper edge area, the molding compound has a
circumferential groove into which an O-ring 51 is inserted to seal
off the blood chamber from the dialysate chamber. As FIG. 8 clearly
shows, opening 53 leading into connection piece 52 is joined
directly to the lower side of O-ring 51, the annular space 54 used
for the supply and removal of the dialysate extending to the
O-seal, so that there is no dead space in which air bubbles could
collect.
[0049] The function of the invention will be described using blood
as an example of a fluid that requires the removal of impurities.
According to the present invention, blood enters the first fluid
flow space through a fluid port formed by connection piece 12. The
blood then travels through the first fluid path, which extends
through the molding compounds 7, 50, and exits through a second
fluid port. During the course of traveling through the first fluid
flow space the blood is cleaned of impurities, said impurities
diffusing into and being carried away by the dialysate in the
second fluid flow space.
[0050] Clean dialysate fluid is introduced into the second fluid
flow space through an extension 16 of the second cap 14 or through
fluid port 52. The dialysate spreads out in annular space 21, 54
and flows through notches 5 into the portion of the second flow
path surrounding the first fluid flow path. Alternatively, the
blood may flow through bore holes 41 into annular space 37 and then
through second bore holes 39 into the portion of the second flow
space surrounding the first flow space. The dialysate and the blood
may flow in opposite directions (counter-current flow), or they may
flow in the same direction. As the dialysate moves through the
portion of the second flow space surrounding the first flow space,
impurities diffuse from the blood into the dialysate and the
impurity-laden dialysate exits the device through a second fluid
port.
* * * * *