U.S. patent application number 11/259737 was filed with the patent office on 2006-05-04 for automatic wireless pan/lan switching.
Invention is credited to Tomas Russ.
Application Number | 20060094936 11/259737 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35734910 |
Filed Date | 2006-05-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060094936 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Russ; Tomas |
May 4, 2006 |
Automatic wireless PAN/LAN switching
Abstract
A communication system is used by a portable patient monitoring
device in connecting to a plurality of other devices, including a
docking station suitable for attaching to the portable patient
monitoring device. The portable patient monitoring device processes
signal parameters acquired from a patient. The communications
system includes an adaptive communication interface for
automatically operating in a first mode of operation when the
portable patient monitoring device is attached to the docking
station. In the first mode of operation the portable patient
monitor receives an identifier identifying a particular docking
station via a first wireless communication link exclusively between
the docking station and the portable patient monitoring device, in
response to detecting the portable patient monitoring device is
attached to the docking station. Patient parameters acquired via
the first wireless communication link are communicated to a
destination associated with the particular docking station
identified by the received identifier. In a second mode of
operation when the portable patient monitoring device is unattached
to the docking station, the portable patient monitor establishes a
second wireless communication link between the portable processing
device and a network, in response to detecting the first
communication link is non-operational Patient parameters acquired
via the second wireless communication link are communicated to a
destination.
Inventors: |
Russ; Tomas; (Carlisle,
MA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
JACK SCHWARTZ & ASSOCIATES
1350 BROADWAY, SUITE 1510
NEW YORK
NY
10018
US
|
Family ID: |
35734910 |
Appl. No.: |
11/259737 |
Filed: |
October 26, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60623706 |
Oct 29, 2004 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/300 ;
600/485; 600/549 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G16H 40/63 20180101;
A61B 5/002 20130101; H04W 76/10 20180201; H04W 88/06 20130101; G16H
10/60 20180101; A61B 5/318 20210101; A61B 5/0017 20130101; A61B
2560/0456 20130101; G16H 40/67 20180101; H04W 36/14 20130101; H04M
1/72409 20210101; H04M 1/72412 20210101; H04M 1/725 20130101; H04W
84/10 20130101; H04W 84/12 20130101; A61B 5/0205 20130101; H04W
88/02 20130101; H04W 48/16 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
600/300 ;
600/485; 600/549 |
International
Class: |
A61B 5/00 20060101
A61B005/00; A61B 5/02 20060101 A61B005/02 |
Claims
1. A communication system used by a portable patient monitoring
device in connecting to a plurality of other devices including a
docking station suitable for attaching to said portable patient
monitoring device, said portable patient monitoring device being
for processing signal parameters acquired from a patient,
comprising: an adaptive communication interface for automatically:
in a first mode of operation when said portable patient monitoring
device is attached to said docking station, receiving an identifier
identifying a particular docking station via a first wireless
communication link exclusively between said docking station and
said portable patient monitoring device, in response to detecting
said portable patient monitoring device is attached to said docking
station, and communicating acquired patient parameters via said
first wireless communication link to a destination associated with
said particular docking station identified by said received
identifier; and in a second mode of operation when said portable
patient monitoring device is unattached to said docking station,
establishing a second wireless communication link of said portable
processing device to a network, in response to detecting said first
communication link is non-operational and communicating acquired
patient parameters via said second wireless communication link to a
destination.
2. A system according to claim 1 wherein said destination is at
least one of, (a) an electronic patient record, (b) a patient
monitoring system and (c) a patient data repository.
3. A system according to claim 1 wherein said adaptive
communication interface operates automatically without human
intervention.
4. A system according to claim 1 wherein said detection of said
portable patient monitoring device being attached to said docking
station is performed by detection of at least one of, (a) a change
in charging current being provided by said docking station to said
portable patient monitoring device and (b) an active communication
link is present between said docking station and said portable
processing device.
5. A system according to claim 1 wherein said first wireless
communication link exclusively between said docking station and
said portable patient monitoring device comprises at least one of,
(a) an optical link and (b) a constricted RF link.
6. A system according to claim 1 wherein said adaptive
communication interface is inhibited from establishing
communication with systems failing to provide said received
identifier when said portable patient monitoring device is
unattached to said docking station.
7. A system according to claim 1 wherein said first wireless
communication link exclusively between said docking station and
said portable patient monitoring device comprises magnetically
coupled signal modulation.
8. A system according to claim 1 wherein said adaptive
communication interface supports communication using wireless
technologies including at least one of, (a) WLAN 802.11b standard
compatible communication, (b) 802.11a standard compatible
communication, (c) 802.11g standard compatible communication, (d)
Bluetooth 802.15 standard compatible communication, (e) GSM/GPRS
standard compatible communication, (f) UWB standard compatible
communication 802.15.3, and (g) RFID sensing.
9. A system according to claim 1 wherein said first and second
wireless communication links are the same link used in different
first and second communication modes.
10. A system according to claim 9 wherein: said first communication
mode employs a first power for transmission; and said second
communication mode employs a second power for transmission
substantially higher than said first power.
11. A system according to claim 10 wherein said same link is a
Bluetooth compatible communication link
12. A system according to claim 9 wherein said same link is a WiFi
compatible communication link; said first communication mode uses
ad-hoc mode; and said second communication mode uses station
mode.
13. A system according to claim 1 wherein said identifier
associated with said particular docking station comprises at least
one of, (a) an Ethernet compatible MAC address, (b) an IP address,
(c) a port identifier, (d) an Internet compatible address and (e) a
LAN address.
14. A system according to claim 1 wherein in said second mode of
operation when said portable patient monitoring device is
unattached to said docking station said portable processing device
wirelessly communicates acquired patient parameters via said first
wireless communication link to said destination associated with
said particular docking station identified by said received
identifier prior to detecting said first communication link is
non-operational.
15. A communication system used by a portable patient monitoring
device in connecting to a plurality of other devices including a
docking station suitable for attaching to said portable patient
monitoring device, said portable patient monitoring device being
for processing signal parameters acquired from a patient,
comprising: an adaptive communication interface for automatically,
in a first mode of operation when said portable patient monitoring
device is attached to said docking station, receiving an identifier
identifying a particular docking station via a first wireless
communication link exclusively between said docking station and
said portable patient monitoring device, in response to detecting
said portable patient monitoring device is attached to said docking
station, and communicating acquired patient parameters via said
first wireless communication link to a first destination associated
with said particular docking station identified by said received
identifier, and in a second mode of operation when said portable
patient monitoring device is unattached to said docking station,
establishing a second wireless communication link of said portable
processing device to a network, in response to detecting said first
communication link is non-operational and communicating acquired
patient parameters via said second wireless communication link to a
second destination.
16. A system according to claim 15 wherein said first wireless
communication link is a relatively short range link comprising at
least one of, (a) an optical link, (b) a RF link and (c) a
magnetically coupled link.
17. A system according to claim 16 wherein said first wireless
communication link is via a Personal Area Network (PAN).
18. A system according to claim 16 wherein said second wireless
communication link is a link of relatively long range compared to
said first link and comprises a RF link.
19. A system according to claim 18 wherein said second wireless
communication link is via a Local Area Network (LAN).
20. A system according to claim 16 wherein said first wireless
communication link is at least one of: (a) Bluetooth compatible,
and (b) UWB compatible; and said second wireless communication link
is WiFi compatible.
21. A system according to claim 15 wherein said first and second
destinations are the same and comprise at least one of, (a) an
electronic patient record, (b) a patient monitoring system and (c)
a patient data repository.
22. A system according to claim 15 wherein said first destination
comprises a patient monitoring system and said second destination
comprises a central monitoring station.
23. A system according to claim 15 further comprising: a data
acquisition processor for receiving and processing patient
parameter data comprising physiological data including at least one
of, (a) electrocardiograph (ECG) data, (b) blood parameter data,
(c) ventilation parameter data, (d) infusion pump related data, (e)
blood pressure data, (f) pulse rate data and (g) temperature data,
from a plurality of different patient attached sensors to provide
processed patient parameter data; a display device for displaying
processed patient parameter data; and a power coupler in said
docking station comprising a power unit for re-charging a battery
and supplying power to said portable unit.
24. A system according to claim 15 wherein: said identifier
associated with said particular docking station enables
determination of a geographic location of said particular docking
station from a map associating said identifier with a corresponding
geographic location; and said adaptive communication interface
couples a data transducer in said portable patient monitoring
device to a corresponding transducer in said docking station to
support bidirectional exchange of data.
25. A system according to claim 15 wherein said adaptive
communication interface adaptively switches between first and
second wireless communication links.
26. A system according to claim 15 further comprising a memory for
storing at least one of, (a) an identifier associated with a
previous docking station employed by said portable patient
monitoring device prior to a subsequent docking station, (b)
information derived using said identifier associated with said
previous docking station and (c) a time stamp of undocking.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCED TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This is a non-provisional application of U.S. Provisional
Application Ser. No. 60/623,706 filed Oct. 29, 2004.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to the field of patient
monitoring and/or treatment devices which may be connected to
hospital local area networks (LANs), and more specifically, to
patient monitoring and/or treatment devices which may be coupled to
hospital LANs via more than one communications channel.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] In hospital environments, patients often require continual
monitoring with relatively short repetition intervals, even when
the patient is being transported from one location in the hospital
to another. Portable patient monitors have been developed which are
battery operated and are able to travel with the patient to provide
uninterrupted patient monitoring. Portable patient monitors may
include electrodes attached to a patient to receive electrical
signals representing physiological parameters of the patient. These
parameters may be displayed on the portable patient device, but may
also be supplied to a central location in the hospital where they
may be displayed on a patient monitoring system, or stored in a
patient medical record or a patient data repository.
[0004] In such a hospital environment, docking stations for
portable devices are provided at fixed locations throughout the
hospital, such as patient rooms, therapy rooms, operating rooms,
and so forth. Such docking stations permit the batteries in the
portable patient monitor to be recharged and also permit the
portable patient monitor to be connected to the central location
through a wired link from the docking station to the central
location. It is also possible for the portable patient monitor to
remain in communication with the docking station when undocked in
proximity of the docking station. For example, the portable patient
monitor may be undocked within a therapy room to allow the patient
to exercise without the restraint of being attached to the docking
station. When the patient is being moved from one location to
another, the portable patient monitor may remain in communication
with the central location wirelessly. To do this, wireless access
points with associated antennae are located throughout the
hospital, e.g. in hallways, elevators, etc.; wherever a patient may
be transported from one room to another.
[0005] Thus, a portable patient monitor may include multiple
channels for maintaining communication with the central location of
the hospital. It is desirable that transitions between
communications channels be handled properly so that continual
monitoring may be maintained.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] In accordance with principles of the present invention, a
communication system is used by a portable patient monitoring
device in connecting to a plurality of other devices, including a
docking station suitable for attaching to the portable patient
monitoring device. The portable patient monitoring device processes
signal parameters acquired from a patient. The communications
system includes an adaptive communication interface for
automatically operating in a first mode of operation when the
portable patient monitoring device is attached to the docking
station. In the first mode of operation the portable patient
monitor receives an identifier identifying a particular docking
station via a first wireless communication link exclusively between
the docking station and the portable patient monitoring device, in
response to detecting the portable patient monitoring device is
attached to the docking station. Patient parameters acquired via
the first wireless communication link are communicated to a
destination associated with the particular docking station
identified by the received identifier. In a second mode of
operation when the portable patient monitoring device is unattached
to the docking station, the portable patient monitor establishes a
second wireless communication link between the portable processing
device and a network, in response to detecting the first
communication link is non-operational. Patient parameters acquired
via the second wireless communication link are communicated to a
destination.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0007] In the drawing:
[0008] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of respective communications
channels between a portable patient monitor and a hospital central
location;
[0009] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a portable patient monitor and
a docking station according to principles of the present invention;
and
[0010] FIG. 3 is a flowchart useful in understanding the operation
of the portable patient monitor and docking station illustrated in
FIG. 2 according to principles of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0011] A processor, as used herein, operates under the control of
an executable application to (a) receive information from an input
information device, (b) process the information by manipulating,
analyzing, modifying, converting and/or transmitting the
information, and/or (c) route the information to an output
information device. A processor may use, or comprise the
capabilities of, a controller or microprocessor, for example. The
processor may operate with a display processor or generator. A
display processor or generator is a known element for generating
signals representing display images or portions thereof. A
processor and a display processor comprises any combination of,
hardware, firmware, and/or software.
[0012] An executable application, as used herein, comprises code or
machine readable instructions for conditioning the processor to
implement predetermined functions, such as those of an operating
system, remote patient monitoring system or other information
processing system, for example, in response to user command or
input. An executable procedure is a segment of code or machine
readable instruction, sub-routine, or other distinct section of
code or portion of an executable application for performing one or
more particular processes. These processes may include receiving
input data and/or parameters, performing operations on received
input data and/or performing functions in response to received
input parameters, and providing resulting output data and/or
parameters.
[0013] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of respective communications
channels between a portable patient monitor 20 and a hospital
central location 15. In FIG. 1, a hospital central location 15
includes a patient data repository 40, a patient medical record 50
and a patient monitoring system 60 coupled together via a local
area network (LAN) 5. The LAN 5 is also coupled to a plurality of
patient area networks (PAN) 70, which are described in more detail
below. The LAN 5 is also coupled to an access point 80.
[0014] A patient area network (PAN) 70 may include a plurality of
patient monitoring and/or treatment devices which are coupled
together via a network. Typically, PANs 70 are located in fixed
locations in the hospital where diagnosis, monitoring and treatment
of a patient may be performed, such as in a patient room a therapy
room, an operating room, a diagnostic test room (e.g. X-ray, CAT
scan, etc.), and so forth. The respective PANs 70 are assigned a
unique identifier which is used to identify messages to and from
the PAN 70. The unique identifier may also be used to determine a
geographical location of the PAN 70.
[0015] At the top left of FIG. 1, a particular PAN 70 is
illustrated in more detail. In this PAN 70, a patient 90 has
sensors (not shown) attached to him to generate various signals
which may be processed to derive physiological parameters of that
patient, such as (a) electrocardiograph (ECG) data, (b) blood
parameter data, (c) ventilation parameter data, (d) infusion pump
related data, (e) blood pressure data, (f) pulse rate data, and (g)
temperature data. These signals are coupled to a portable patient
monitor device 20. The portable patient monitor device 20 includes
circuitry for processing these signals to generate patient
physiological parameters, and a display screen for displaying the
physiological parameters for a clinician. The portable patient
monitor device 20 may be physically and electrically coupled to a
docking station 10. The docking station 10 is coupled to a patient
monitor processor 30. The patient monitor 30 may provide processing
capabilities beyond what the portable patient monitor device 20
alone has, and also includes a link, termed a bridge, between the
PAN 70 and the LAN 5. This permits the patient monitor processor 30
to access data at the central location 15 and to display this data
on the patient monitor 30.
[0016] In operation, the destination of the patient physiological
parameter data from the portable patient monitor device 20 is the
central location 15. Also, because the unique identifier
identifying the network node sending the patient physiological
parameter data to the central location 15 is associated with a
docking station 10, and because the geographical location of the
docking station 10 is known, the unique identifier enables
determination of the geographical location of the docking station
10. A map may be maintained in the central location 15 associating
the identifier with a geographical location. The central location
15 may display the patient physiological parameter data on the
patient monitoring system 60. This permits the medical status of
one or more patients to be monitored at a single location. The
patient physiological parameter data may also be stored in a
patient medical record 50. This data may be reviewed by a physician
or other clinician as part of a diagnosis or treatment process. The
patient physiological parameter data may also be stored in a
patient data repository 40, providing for longer term storage and
retrieval of patient data.
[0017] When the docking station 10 detects that the portable
patient monitor device 20 has been docked, it initiates a first
mode of operation. In this mode of operation, the portable patient
monitor device 20 is configured to connect to the LAN 5 via the
docking station 10 and the patient monitor processor 30, in a
manner described in more detail below. This mode of operation may
continue even if the portable patient monitor device 20 is undocked
from the docking station 10. This is illustrated in phantom in FIG.
1. If the portable patient monitor device 20 remains in relative
proximity to the docking station 10, then a wireless link may be
maintained between the portable patient monitor device 20 and the
docking station 10, allowing the portable patient monitor device 20
to continue to communicate with the central location 15 via the
docking station 10 and the patient monitor processor 30.
[0018] At the bottom left of FIG. 1, a wireless access point 80 is
coupled to the LAN 5. Typically, the wireless access points 80 are
located at locations in the hospital where patients may be
transported, but which are not in fixed locations where a docking
station 10 and patient monitor processor 30 may be placed, such as
a hallway, elevator, and so forth. A portable patient monitor
device 20 is illustrated as being connected to a patient 90. In
this case, the portable patient monitor device 20 is not in close
proximity to a docking station 10 or patient monitor processor 30.
The portable patient monitor device 20 includes a wireless link
which may connect to the LAN 5 via the wireless access point 80. In
this situation, the portable patient monitor device 20 is
configured to operate in a second mode of operation. In this mode
of operation, the portable patient monitor device 20 communicates
patient physiological parameter data to the central location 15 via
the LAN 5.
[0019] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a portable patient monitor
device 20 and a docking station 10 according to principles of the
present invention. In FIG. 2, those elements which are the same as
those illustrated in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference
number. In FIG. 2, a source of electrical power (not shown) is
coupled to a power input terminal (PWR IN) of a docking station 10.
The power input terminal is coupled to respective input terminals
of a load sense circuit 13 and a modulator/demodulator (modem) 16.
An output terminal of the modem 16 is coupled to an input terminal
of a power coupler 15. A bidirectional Ethernet link is coupled to
a network connection (not shown), such as the LAN 5, or to LAN 5
via a patient monitor processor 30 (also not shown). The Ethernet
link is coupled to a first communication terminal of an interface
processor 25. A second communication terminal of the interface
processor 25 is coupled to an optical link, e.g. optical driver 17
and optical receiver 19. A third communications terminal is coupled
to a PAN RF link 109. A fourth communications terminal is coupled
to the modem 16. A first control input terminal is coupled to an
output terminal of the load sense circuit 13. A second control
input terminal is coupled to a source 14 of a unique identifier. A
radio frequency identification (RFID) tag 115 is also located on
the docking station 10. The RFID tag 115 may be passive, requiring
no power, or active, requiring power for operation.
[0020] The portable patient monitor device 20 includes a power
coupler 39. An output terminal of the power coupler 39 is coupled
to respective input terminals of a load sense circuit 25 and a
modem 24. An output terminal of the modem 24 is coupled to a
battery charger 37. The battery charger is coupled to a battery 43.
A data acquisition unit 50 is coupled to a plurality of patient
attachable electrodes (not shown) which may be attached to a
patient to generate electrical signals representing patient
physiological parameter data. An output terminal of the data
acquisition unit 50 is coupled to an input terminal of a processor
35. An output terminal of the processor 35 is coupled to an input
terminal of a display unit 45. A bidirectional communications
terminal of the processor 35 is coupled to a first communications
terminal of an adaptive communications interface 33. A second
communications terminal of the adaptive communications interface 33
is coupled to a LAN RF link 107. A third communications terminal is
coupled to a PAN RF link 111. A fourth communications terminal is
coupled to an optical link, e.g. optical driver 21 and optical
receiver 23. A fifth communications terminal is coupled to the
modem 24. A sixth communications terminal is coupled to an RFID tag
reader 113. A control input terminal of the adaptive communications
interface 33 is coupled to an output terminal of the load sense
circuit 25 and a bidirectional control terminal of the adaptive
communications interface 33 is coupled to storage 34 for a unique
identifier.
[0021] In operation, the portable patient monitor device 20 may be
docked in the docking station 10. In this configuration,
illustrated in FIG. 2, the power couplers 15 and 39 are physically
aligned to pass power from the docking station 10 to the portable
patient monitor device 20. For example, the power couplers 15 and
39 may be a split transformer in which the primary winding is in
the power coupler 15 and the secondary winding is in the power
coupler 39. When docked, the primary winding 15 and secondary
winding 39 are magnetically coupled so that power is transferred
from the docking station 10 to the portable patient monitor device
20. In the portable patient monitor device 20, the battery charger
37 receives power from the power coupler 39, recharges the battery
43 and maintains it at full charge.
[0022] The docking station 10 may detect that the portable patient
monitor device 20 is docked by sensing the status of the signal at
the power input terminal. For example, when the portable patient
monitor device 20 is docked, the current through the power input
terminal will be higher than when the portable patient monitor
device 20 is undocked. The load sense circuit 13 monitors the
signal on the power input terminal and generates a control signal
`Docked` indicating that the portable patient monitor device 20 is
docked to the docking station 10. In a similar manner, the load
sense circuit 25 in the portable patient monitor device 20 may also
detect when it is docked to the docking station 10. Alternatively,
the adaptive communications interface 33 in the portable patient
monitor device 20 may detect that it is docked to the docking
station 10 by detecting that an active communication link is
present between the docking station 10 and the portable patient
monitor device 20.
[0023] When the portable patient monitor device 20 is docked, the
optical link in the docking station 10, e.g. optical driver 17 and
optical receiver 19, is physically aligned with the optical link in
the portable patient monitor device 20, e.g. optical receiver 23
and optical driver 21 respectively. When aligned, it is possible
for the interface processor 25 in the docking station 10 to
communicate with the adaptive communications interface 33 in the
portable patient monitor device 20 via the optical link. Because it
is an optical link, this communications link may not receive
signals from another location. That is, it is a wireless link which
exists exclusively between the docking station 10 and the portable
patient monitor device 20.
[0024] When the portable patient monitor device 20 is docked to the
docking station 10, the modem 16 in the docking station 10 may be
configured to receive data from the interface,processor 25 and to
modulate the amplitude and/or frequency of the power input signal
with that data. The modem 24 in the portable patient monitor device
20 demodulates data received from the interface processor 25 via
the modem 16 in the docking station 10, and supplies that data to
the adaptive communications interface 33. Correspondingly, the
modem 24 in the portable patient monitor device 20 may be
configured to receive data from the adaptive communications
interface 33 and modulate the amplitude and/or frequency of the
power input signal with that data. The modem 16 in the docking
station 10 demodulates data received from the adaptive
communications interface 33 in the portable patient monitor device
20 via the modem 24, and supplies that data to the interface
processor 25. Because this is a magnetically coupled link, this
communications link, too, may not receive signals from another
location. Thus, it, also, is a wireless link which exists
exclusively between the docking station 10 and the portable patient
monitor device 20.
[0025] The interface processor 25 in the docking station 10 may
communicate with the adaptive communications interface 33 in the
portable patient monitor device 20 via the PAN wireless link 109,
111. This link may be activated when the portable patient monitor
device 20 is docked to the docking station 10 and may remain
activated when it is not docked. This link is implemented as an RF
link, and thus is subject to receiving signals from other
locations. However, the power in the RF link may be constricted so
that the range of operation of this link is limited. More
specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the typical range of
operation of this link is approximately the size of a room, such as
a patient room, operating room, therapy room, etc. However, the
power in this link may be controlled so that when the portable
patient monitor device 20 is docked, the power is constricted to be
low enough that the range of operation is only several inches. In
this way, while possible, it is improbable that a signal will be
received from another location. Thus, in practical terms, this
wireless link exists exclusively between the docking station 10 and
the portable patient monitor device 20.
[0026] When the portable patient monitor device 20 is attached to
the docking station 10, the adaptive communications interface 33
initiates a first mode of operation using a first wireless link. In
the first operational mode the portable patient monitor device 20
communicates patient physiological parameter data to a first
destination. For example, the portable patient monitor device 20
may send patient physiological parameter data to the patient
monitor processor 30 (FIG. 1) via the docking station 10. The
patient monitor processor 30 may include a display device larger
than the display device on the portable patient monitor device 20
and further processing power. This enables the patient monitor
processor 30 to display more sophisticated patient physiological
parameter data than possible by the portable patient monitor device
20 alone. Further, the patient monitor processor 30 may communicate
with the central location 15, enabling it to retrieve data from the
central location 15, such as X-ray images, or laboratory test
results and display them for the clinician. Alternatively, the
portable patient monitor device 20 may send patient physiological
parameter data to the central location 15 via the docking station
10, patient monitor processor 30 and LAN 5. Referring again to FIG.
1, as described above, at the central location, the patient
physiological parameter data may be sent to (a) an electronic
patient record 50, (b) a patient monitoring system 60, and/or (c) a
patient data repository 40.
[0027] In order to send and receive messages over the LAN 5 via the
Ethernet link from the docking station 10, the portable patient
monitor device 20 uses a unique identifier associated with the
docking station 10. This identifier may be: (a) an Ethernet
compatible MAC address, (b) an IP address, (c) a port identifier,
(d) an Internet compatible address and/or (e) a LAN address.
Messages sent from the portable patient monitor device 20 include
this unique identifier to identify the network node which sent the
message. The unique identifier associated with the portable patient
monitor device 20 is derived from the docking station 10 to which
it is docked.
[0028] In order to ensure that the unique identifier assigned to
the portable patient monitor device 20 comes from the docking
station 10 to which it is docked, the communications channel used
to transmit this data is exclusive between the docking station 10
and the portable patient monitor device 20. The unique identifier
may be communicated from the docking station 10 to the portable
patient monitor device 20 using one of the three wireless links
discussed above: (a) the optical link 17, 19, 21, 23; (b) the
magnetic link 15,16, 24, 39; or (c) the PAN RF link 109, 111, with
constricted power. More specifically, in the illustrated
embodiment, the interface processor 25 in the docking station 10
retrieves the unique identifier from the identifier source 14. The
interface processor 25 then establishes one of the communication
links described above, and sends the identifier representative data
to the adaptive communications interface 33 in the portable patient
monitor device 20. The adaptive communications interface 33
receives the identifier representative data and stores it in the
identifier store 34.
[0029] Alternatively, the RFID tag 115 in the docking station 10
may be encoded to return data representing the unique identifier
associated with the docking station 10 when queried. The adaptive
communications interface 33 may activate the RFID tag reader 113 to
query the RFID tag 115 in the docking station 10 to retrieve the
unique identifier. When queried, the RFID tag 115 in the docking
station 10 returns a signal carrying the unique identifier
representative data to the RFID tag reader 113. The adaptive
communications interface 33 receives this signal from the RFID tag
reader 113 and stores data representing the unique identifier in
the identifier store 34.
[0030] One skilled in the art understands that other information
may also be stored in the identifier store 34. For example: (a) an
identifier associated with a previous docking station 10 to which
the portable patient monitor device 20 was docked prior to the
current docking station 10, (b) information representing the time a
portable patient monitor device 20 is docked in a docking station
10 and undocked from that docking station 10 (e.g. time stamps),
and/or (c) other information derived using the identifier
associated with said previous docking station may also be stored in
the identifier store 34.
[0031] In subsequent communications with the patient monitor
processor 30 (FIG. 1) or the central location 15 via the Ethernet
link, the adaptive communications interface 33 uses the unique
identifier. More specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, after
the unique identifier has been received by the portable patient
monitor device 20, the portable patient monitor device 20
communicates acquired patient parameters from the data acquisition
unit 50 via the first wireless communication link to the first
destination e.g. patient monitor processor 30 and/or the central
location 15 associated with the particular docking station
identified by the unique identifier. More specifically, in the
illustrated embodiment, the adaptive communication interface 33
supports communication via the Ethernet link in the docking station
10 using wireless technologies including at least one of, (a) WLAN
802.11b standard compatible communication, (b) 802.11a standard
compatible communication, (c) 802.11g standard compatible
communication, (d) Bluetooth 802.15 standard compatible
communication, (e) GSM/GPRS standard compatible communication, (f)
UWB standard compatible communication 802.15.3, and (g) RFID
sensing. (The 802.11 standard compatible communications links are
sometimes termed WiFi communications links.) Referring again to the
bottom left-hand portion of FIG. 1, a patient 90 may also be
monitored by an undocked portable patient monitor device 20 outside
of a PAN 70. When the portable patient monitor device 20 is not
attached to, or in communication with, a docking station 10, the
portable patient monitor device 20 operates in a second mode of
operation. In this mode of operation, the portable patient monitor
device 20 establishes a second wireless link to the network LAN 5.
This mode of operation may be established when it is detected that
the first more of operation, described above, becomes
non-operational. In this mode of operation, the portable patient
monitor device 20 communicates patient physiological parameter data
to a second destination via the second wireless link. More
specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the second destination
may be the central location 15, where the data may be supplied to
the patient record 50, the patient monitoring system 60 and/or the
patient data repository 40. This second destination may be the same
as the first destination, or may be different.
[0032] Referring again to FIG. 2, the adaptive communications
interface 33 includes circuitry which may monitor the status of
established communications links. Specifically, the adaptive
communications interface 33 may detect when a communications link
becomes non-operational. For example, a status signal from a link,
e.g. optical link 21, 23, PAN RF link 111 or the modem 24, may
indicate that the link has become non-operational. When it is
detected that the first communications link is non-operational, the
adaptive communications interface 33 conditions the LAN RF link 107
to attempt to connect to the LAN 5 via an access point 80. In this
manner, patient physiological parameter data may be continually
supplied from the portable patient monitor device 20 to the central
location 15 even if the portable patient monitor device 20 is
undocked from the docking station 10 and removed from the vicinity
of the PAN 70. One skilled in the art understands that the LAN RF
link 107 has a relatively longer range than the PAN RF LINK
111.
[0033] It is also possible for a portable patient monitor device 20
to be returned to a PAN 70 from which it was removed, as when a
patient returns from a diagnostic testing room to the patient room.
The portable patient monitor device 20 may then be redocked in the
docking station 10. In this case, communications may be
reestablished using the wireless links described above. The manner
of transitioning among (a) a communications link used when a
portable patient monitor device 20 is docked in a docking station
10, (b) a communications link used when the portable patient
monitor device 20 is undocked but is within range of a PAN 70, and
(c) a communications link used when a portable patient monitor
device 20 is undocked, is not within range of a PAN 70 but is
within range of the LAN 5, is described in more detail below.
[0034] FIG. 3 is a flowchart useful in understanding the operation
of the portable patient monitor 20 and docking station 10
illustrated in FIG. 2 according to principles of the present
invention, during the transitions. In the following description,
reference will be made to both FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. FIG. 3 begins in
step 302 when the portable patient monitor device 20 is not
operating within range of a PAN 70. This may, for example, occur
when a portable patient monitor device 20 is initially powered on
and attached to a patient, or when it is operating within range of
the LAN 5 but not within range of a PAN 70. In step 304, the
portable patient monitor device 20 determines if it has been docked
in a docking station 10. This may be determined via the load sense
circuit 25 as described above. In step 306, the unique identifier
for the PAN 70 is retrieved from the docking station 10 using a
first communications link (e.g. optical link, magnetic link, PAN RF
link or RFID link), as described above. In step 308, the portable
patient monitor device 20 establishes Ethernet communications with
the patient monitor processor 30 via the docking station 10.
Patient physiological parameter data from the data acquisition unit
50 are supplied to the first destination (patient monitor processor
30 and/or central location 15) via the first communications link
(e.g. optical link, magnetic link, or PAN RF link).
[0035] In step 310, the portable patient monitor device 20 monitors
whether it is still docked. This may be done by the load sense
circuit 25. If the portable patient monitor device 20 remains
docked, it maintains the first communications link established in
step 308. If the portable patient monitor device 20 becomes
undocked, then communications with the PAN 70 is maintained,
possibly using a different communications link. This may occur if
the portable patient monitor device 20 is undocked from the docking
station 10, but remains within the patient room. In this case, in
step 312, the adaptive communications interface 33 activates the
PAN RF link 109, 111 if it is not already active. The transmission
power of the PAN RF link 109, 111 in this mode of operation is
substantially higher than the constricted power used by the PAN RF
link 109, 111 when the portable patient monitor device 20 is docked
in the docking station 10. This enables a transmission range
sufficient to cover the patient room. Patient physiological
parameter data from the data acquisition unit 50 is communicated
over the PAN RF link 109, 111, with substantially higher power, to
the patient monitor processor 30 and/or the central location 15 via
the docking station 10.
[0036] In general, a portable patient monitor device 20 will
attempt to remain in communication with the PAN 70 containing the
docking station 10 from which it received the unique identifier as
long as it remains within range. In step 314 the adaptive
communications interface 33 in the portable patient monitor device
20 monitors communication with the docking station 10. So long as
the portable patient monitor device 20 remains within range of the
docking station 10, the portable patient monitor device 20
communicates with the docking station 10 using the PAN RF
communication link 109, 111 in step 312.
[0037] If, however, the PAN RF link 109, 111 becomes inoperative,
e.g. because the portable patient monitor device 20 goes out of
range, then in step 316 the adaptive communications interface 33
activates the LAN RF link 107, establishing a second communications
link between the portable patient monitor device 20 and the LAN 5.
The patient physiological parameter data from the data acquisition
unit 50 is supplied to the central location 15 via the LAN 5 in
this mode of operation. As described above, this may occur when a
patient is removed from the patient room and taken to e.g. an
operating room, diagnostic testing room, therapy room, etc., though
the hospital.
[0038] The LAN RF link 107 is maintained so long as the portable
patient monitor device 20 remains within range of the LAN 5 and out
of range of a PAN 70. Because of the varying ranges of PAN RF
communication links in the respective PANs 70, the portable patient
monitor device 20 may come within range of a PAN RF link during
transportation of the patient in the hospital, and/or when the
patient arrives at the final destination, if that destination
contains a PAN 70. In step 318 the adaptive communications
interface 33 determines (a) that the portable patient monitor
device 20 is within range of a PAN, and (b) whether the identifier
stored in the identifier store 34 matches the identifier of the PAN
RF link currently within range, i.e. is the same PAN from which the
portable patient monitor device 20 was undocked.
[0039] The adaptive communications interface 33 is inhibited from
establishing communication with a PAN 70 which fails to provide the
previously received unique identifier unless the portable patient
monitor device 20 is docked. If a different PAN 70 is detected,
then in step 322 the adaptive communications interface 33 in the
portable patient monitor device 20 monitors whether the portable
patient monitor device 20 is docked. If the portable patient
monitor device 20 is docked in the newly entered PAN 70,
communication is established between the portable patient monitor
device 20 and the new PAN 70 e.g. using the optical link, magnetic
link, PAN RF link at constricted power, or RFID link. In step 306
the unique identifier associated with the docking station 10 in the
new PAN 70 is retrieved, and in step 308 communications between the
portable patient monitor device 20 and the docking station 10
established. Patient physiological parameter data from the data
acquisition unit 50 is sent to the patient monitor processor 30 or
central location 15 via the docking station 10 in the new PAN
70.
[0040] If in step 318 the same PAN is detected, as may happen if
the patient is returned to the patient room from which he was
originally taken, then in step 320 the adaptive communications
interface 33 in the portable patient monitor device 20 activates
the PAN RF link 109, 111, with substantially higher power. This
reestablishes the first communications link with the docking
station 10. In this case, patient physiological parameter data from
the data acquisition unit 50 is sent to the patient monitor
processor 30 or central location 15 through the docking station 10
via the PAN RF link 109,111. In step 314, the adaptive
communications interface 33 in the portable patient monitor device
20 monitors the PAN RF link 109, 111 to detect if the portable
patient monitor device 20 goes out of range.
[0041] The embodiment above is described as having multiple
communications links available, e.g five links: (1) optical link
17, 19, 21, 23; (2) magnetic link 15, 16, 24, 39; (3) PAN RF link
109, 111; (4) LAN RF link 107; and (5) RFID link 113, 115. One
skilled in the art, however, understands that different
combinations of communication links may be available in the
portable patient monitor device 20 and docking station 10.
[0042] For example, in another configuration, the portable patient
monitor device 20 may have three links: (1) a short-range wireless
PAN link e.g. the optical link 17, 19, 21, 23, used by the docking
station 10 to communicate the unique identifier to the portable
patient monitor device 20 and by the portable patient monitor
device 20 to communicate patient physiological parameter data to
the patient monitor processor 30 and/or central location 15 via the
docking station 10 when it's docked; (2) a short-range wireless RF
PAN link 109, 111 used by the portable patient monitor device 20 to
communicate patient physiological parameter data to the patient
monitor processor 30 and/or central location 15 via the docking
station 10 when it's undocked but within the PAN 70; and (3) a
longer-range wireless link used by the portable patient monitor
device 20 to communicate patient physiological parameter data to
the central location 15 via the LAN 5 when it's undocked and not
within the PAN 70.
[0043] Another exemplary configuration includes two links: (1) a
short-range wireless RF PAN link 109, 111 used by the docking
station 10 to communicate the unique identifier to the portable
patient monitor device 20 in a constricted power mode, and by the
portable patient monitor device 20 to communicate patient
physiological parameter data to the patient monitor processor 30
and/or central location 15 when it's within range of the docking
station 10; and (2) a longer-range wireless link used by the
portable patient monitor device 20 to communicate patient
physiological parameter data to the central location 15 via the
docking station 10 when it's undocked and not within the PAN
70.
[0044] Another exemplary configuration includes a single link: a
wireless link for communicating between the portable patient
monitor device 20 and the docking station 10. That is, the first
and second wireless communication links are the same link used in
different first and second communication modes. In this case, the
single link may operate in two different operational modes. For
example, a Bluetooth RF link may operate in a very low power mode
when the portable patient monitor device 20 is communicating with
the docking station 10 within a PAN 70, and in a high power mode
when communicating directly with the LAN 5. Alternatively, the
single link may be a WiFi (802.11 standard) communications link
which operates in the "ad-hoc" mode when communicating with the
docking station 10 within a PAN and in "station" mode when
communicating directly to the LAN 5.
[0045] In this manner, the adaptive communications interface 33 in
the portable patient monitor device 20 automatically, and without
user intervention, remains in continual communication with either
the patient monitor processor 30 in the PAN 70 and/or with the
central location 15 via the LAN 5. Once associated with a
particular PAN 70 by receiving and using the unique identifier
associated with that PAN 70, it communicates through that PAN 70 as
long as it remains within range. Otherwise it communicates with the
LAN 5.
* * * * *