U.S. patent application number 11/274437 was filed with the patent office on 2006-03-30 for pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazoles for the treatment of glaucoma.
Invention is credited to Anura P. Dantanarayana, Jesse A. May.
Application Number | 20060069096 11/274437 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37189188 |
Filed Date | 2006-03-30 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060069096 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Dantanarayana; Anura P. ; et
al. |
March 30, 2006 |
Pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazoles for the treatment of glaucoma
Abstract
Pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazoles and analogues thereof for lowering
intraocular pressure and treating glaucoma are disclosed.
Inventors: |
Dantanarayana; Anura P.;
(Kandy, LK) ; May; Jesse A.; (Fort Worth,
TX) |
Correspondence
Address: |
ALCON RESEARCH, LTD.
R&D COUNSEL, Q-148
6201 SOUTH FREEWAY
FORT WORTH
TX
76134-2099
US
|
Family ID: |
37189188 |
Appl. No.: |
11/274437 |
Filed: |
November 15, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11012410 |
Dec 15, 2004 |
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11274437 |
Nov 15, 2005 |
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60529531 |
Dec 15, 2003 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/235.5 ;
514/362; 514/364; 514/375 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07D 491/04 20130101;
Y10S 514/913 20130101; A61K 9/0048 20130101; A61K 31/424
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/235.5 ;
514/375; 514/362; 514/364 |
International
Class: |
A61K 31/5377 20060101
A61K031/5377; A61K 31/433 20060101 A61K031/433; A61K 31/4245
20060101 A61K031/4245; A61K 31/424 20060101 A61K031/424 |
Claims
1-9. (canceled)
10. A compound of Formula I: ##STR6## Wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2
are independently chosen from hydrogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl; R.sup.3 is
selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 can
complete a pyrrolidine or piperidine ring, which can be substituted
with C.sub.1-4alkyl; R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl, or when Y
is carbon R.sup.4 can also be halogen; R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are
independently chosen from hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-6-alkyl,
C.sub.1-6-alkylthio, C.sub.1-6-alkylsulfonyl,
C.sub.1-6-alkylsulfoxide, nitrile, C.sub.1-6-alkyl substituted with
halogen; R.sup.7 is chosen from C.dbd.OR.sup.9, S(O).sub.mR.sup.10,
NR.sup.1--(C.dbd.O)--R.sup.11, C.sub.1-6-alkyl substituted with:
hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy, NR.sup.12R.sup.13, CO.sub.2H,
CO.sub.2C.sub.1-6alkyl, C(.dbd.O)NR.sup.12R.sup.13 or
S(O).sub.mNR.sup.12R.sup.13, or a saturated or unsaturated 5 or
6-membered heterocyclic ring which can contain 1-4 heteroatoms
selected from N, O, or S and can be unsubstituted or substituted
with C.sub.1-4alkyl; or R.sup.7 can be chosen from a heterocyclic
ring selected from oxazol-2-yl, 4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl,
5,6-dihydro-[1,3]oxazin-2-yl, thiazol-2-yl,
4,5-dihydro-thiazol-2-yl, benzoxazol-2-yl, benzothiazol-2-yl,
imidazol-2-yl, imidazolidin-2-yl, [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl,
[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl, [1,2,4]thiadiazol-5-yl, or
[1,2,4]thiadiazol-3-yl which can be unsubstituted or substituted
with C.sub.1-4alkyl; but R.sup.7 cannot be hydrogen, lower alkyl,
hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, amino, mono- or di-loweralkyl amino, lower
alkanoylamino, or halogen; R.sup.9 is chosen from hydroxyl,
C.sub.1-6alkoxy, NR.sup.14R.sup.15, C.sub.1-6alkyl, or
C.sub.2-6alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy,
NR.sup.12R.sup.13, CO.sub.2H, CO.sub.2C.sub.1-6alkyl,
S(O).sub.mNR.sup.12R.sup.13, halogen, or a heterocyclic ring
selected from pyrrolidin-2-yl, imidazo-2-yl, imidazo4-yl,
morpholin-3-yl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, or tetrazolyl,
which can be unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl;
R.sup.10 is chosen from NR.sup.12R.sup.13, C.sub.1-6alkyl, or
C.sub.2-6alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy,
NR.sup.11R.sup.12, CO.sub.2H, CO.sub.2C.sub.1-6alkyl; R.sup.11 is
C.sub.1-6alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy, or a
saturated or unsaturated 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic ring which
can contain 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S and can be
unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl; R.sup.12 and
R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl,
C.sub.2-6alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy, or
halogen, or R.sup.12, R.sup.13, and the intervening nitrogen atom
can form a heterocyclic ring selected from morpholine,
thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine 1-oxide, thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide,
azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, unsubstituted or
substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl or C.sub.1-4alkyl substituted with
hydroxy or C.sub.1-4alkoxy; R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 are independently
selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy,
C.sub.2-6alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy, halogen
or a heterocyclic ring selected from pyrrolidin-2-yl, imidazo-2-yl,
imidazo-4-yl, morpholin-3-yl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl,
tetrazolyl, which can be unsubstituted or substituted with
C.sub.1-4alkyl, or R.sup.14, R.sup.15, and the intervening nitrogen
atom can form a heterocyclic ring selected from morpholine,
thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine 1-oxide, thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide,
azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, unsubstituted or
substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl or C.sub.1-4alkyl substituted with
hydroxy or C.sub.1-4alkoxy; R.sup.16 is chosen from no atom,
hydrogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl, or C.sub.1-6alkyl substituted with
halogen, HO, or C.sub.1-6alkoxy; ---.dbd.double or single bond in
the oxazole ring; when R.sup.16 is no atom, --- is a double bond,
and when --- is a single bond, R.sup.7is Q, where Q is oxygen,
sulfur, or NR.sup.1 attached to the oxazole ring by a double bond;
m is 0-2; A is N or CH; X and Y are either N or C, wherein X and Y
cannot be the same; and the dashed bonds in this ring denote a
suitably appointed single and double bond; and pharmaceutically
acceptable salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof.
11. The compound of claim 10, wherein for Formula l: A.dbd.N;
X.dbd.N; Y.dbd.C; and --- in the oxazole ring is a double bond; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and prodrugs
thereof.
12. The compound of claim 11, wherein for Formula I: R.sup.1,
R.sup.2.dbd.H.
13. The compound of claim 12, wherein for Formula I:
R.sup.3=methyl.
14. A compound selected from the group consisting of:
(S)-2-[7-(Methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazol-1-yl]-1-methylethyl-
amine; 1-[(S)-2-Aminopropyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazole
-7-carboxylic acid amide;
1-[(S)-2-Aminopropyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazole -7-carboxylic
acid methylamide; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates
and prodrugs thereof.
15. A topical ophthalmic composition comprising a pharmaceutically
effective amount of a compound in an ophthalmically acceptable
vehicle, wherein the compound is of Formula I: ##STR7## Wherein
R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently chosen from hydrogen,
C.sub.1-4alkyl; R.sup.3 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl,
or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 can complete a pyrrolidine or piperidine
ring, which can be substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl; R.sup.4 is
hydrogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl, or when Y is carbon R.sup.4 can also be
halogen; R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently chosen from
hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl, C.sub.1-6alkylthio,
C.sub.1-6alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.1-6alkylsulfoxide, nitrile,
C.sub.1-6alkyl substituted with halogen; R.sup.7 is chosen from
C.dbd.OR.sup.9, S(O).sub.mR.sup.10, NR.sup.1--(C.dbd.O)--R.sup.11,
C.sub.1-6alkyl substituted with: hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy,
NR.sup.12R.sup.13, CO.sub.2H, CO.sub.2C.sub.1-6alkyl,
C(.dbd.O)NR.sup.12R.sup.13 or S(O).sub.mNR.sup.12R.sup.13, or a
saturated or unsaturated 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic ring which
can contain 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S and can be
unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl; or R.sup.7 can be
chosen from a heterocyclic ring selected from oxazol-2-yl,
4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl, 5,6-dihydro-[1,3]oxazin-2-yl,
thiazol-2-yl, 4,5-dihydro-thiazol-2-yl, benzoxazol-2-yl,
benzothiazol-2-yl, imidazol-2-yl, imidazolidin-2-yl,
[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl, [1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl,
[1,2,4]thiadiazol-5-yl, or [1,2,4]thiadiazol-3-yl which can be
unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl; but R.sup.7
cannot be hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, amino,
mono- or di-loweralkyl amino, lower alkanoylamino, or halogen;
R.sup.9 is chosen from hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy,
NR.sup.14R.sup.15, C.sub.1-6alkyl, or C.sub.2-6alkyl substituted
with hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy, NR.sup.12R.sup.13, CO.sub.2H,
CO.sub.2C.sub.1-6alkyl, S(O).sub.mNR.sup.12R.sup.13, halogen, or a
heterocyclic ring selected from pyrrolidin-2-yl, imidazo-2-yl,
imidazo-4-yl, morpholin-3-yl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, or
tetrazolyl, which can be unsubstituted or substituted with
C.sub.1-4alkyl; R.sup.10 is chosen from NR.sup.12R.sup.13,
C.sub.1-6alkyl, or C.sub.2-6alkyl substituted with hydroxyl,
C.sub.1-6alkoxy, NR.sup.11R.sup.12, CO.sub.2H,
CO.sub.2C.sub.1-6alkyl; R.sup.11 is C.sub.1-6alkyl substituted with
hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy, or a saturated or unsaturated 5 or
6-membered heterocyclic ring which can contain 1-4 heteroatoms
selected from N, O, or S and can be unsubstituted or substituted
with C.sub.1-4alkyl; R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are independently
selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl, C.sub.2-6alkyl substituted
with hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy, or halogen, or R.sup.12, R.sup.13,
and the intervening nitrogen atom can form a heterocyclic ring
selected from morpholine, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine 1-oxide,
thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine,
piperazine, unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl or
C.sub.1-4alkyl substituted with hydroxy or C.sub.1-4alkoxy;
R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 are independently selected from hydrogen,
C.sub.1-6alkyl, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy, C.sub.2-6alkyl
substituted with hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy, halogen or a
heterocyclic ring selected from pyrrolidin-2-yl, imidazo-2-yl,
imidazo4-yl, morpholin-3-yl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl,
tetrazolyl, which can be unsubstituted or substituted with
C.sub.1-4alkyl, or R.sup.14, R.sup.15, and the intervening nitrogen
atom can form a heterocyclic ring selected from morpholine,
thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine 1-oxide, thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide,
azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, unsubstituted or
substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl or C.sub.1-4alkyl substituted with
hydroxy or C.sub.1-4alkoxy; R.sup.16 is chosen from no atom,
hydrogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl, or C.sub.1-6alkyl substituted with
halogen, HO, or C.sub.1-6alkoxy; ---.dbd.double or single bond in
the oxazole ring; when R.sup.16 is no atom, --- is a double bond,
and when --- is a single bond, R.sup.7 is Q, where Q is oxygen,
sulfur, or NR.sup.1 attached to the oxazole ring by a double bond;
m is 0-2; A is N or CH; X and Y are either N or C, wherein X and Y
cannot be the same; and the dashed bonds in this ring denote a
suitably appointed single and double bond; and pharmaceutically
acceptable salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof.
16. The ophthalmic composition of claim 15, wherein for the
compound of Formula I: A.dbd.N; X.dbd.N; Y.dbd.C; and --- in the
oxazole ring is a double bond; and pharmaceutically acceptable
salts, solvates and prodrugs thereof.
17. The ophthalmic composition of claim 16, wherein for the
compound of Formula I: R.sup.1, R.sup.2.dbd.H.
18. The ophthalmic composition of claim 17, wherein for the
compound of Formula I: R.sup.3=methyl.
19. The ophthalmic composition of claim 15, wherein the compound of
Formula I is selected from the group consisting of:
(S)-2-[7-(Methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazol-1-yl]-1-methylethyl-
amine; 1-[(S)-2-Aminopropyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazole
-7-carboxylic acid amide;
1-[(S)-2-Aminopropyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazole -7-carboxylic
acid methylamide; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates
and prodrugs thereof.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority form U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 60/529,531, filed Dec. 15, 2003.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to the use of
pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazoles and analogues thereof for lowering and
controlling normal or elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and for
treating glaucoma.
[0003] The disease state referred to as glaucoma is characterized
by a permanent loss of visual function due to irreversible damage
to the optic nerve. The several morphologically or functionally
distinct types of glaucoma are typically characterized by elevated
IOP, which is considered to be causally related to the pathological
course of the disease. Ocular hypertension is a condition wherein
intraocular pressure is elevated but no apparent loss of visual
function has occurred; such patients are considered to be at high
risk for the eventual development of the visual loss associated
with glaucoma. If glaucoma or ocular hypertension is detected early
and treated promptly with medications that effectively reduce
elevated intraocular pressure, loss of visual function or its
progressive deterioration can generally be ameliorated. Drug
therapies that have proven to be effective for the reduction of
intraocular pressure include both agents that decrease aqueous
humor production and agents that increase the outflow facility.
Such therapies are in general administered by one of two possible
routes, topically (direct application to the eye) or orally.
[0004] There are some individuals who do not respond well when
treated with certain existing glaucoma therapies. There is,
therefore, a need for other topical therapeutic agents that control
IOP.
[0005] Serotonergic 5-HT.sub.1A agonists have been reported as
being neuroprotective in animal models and many of these agents
have been evaluated for the treatment of acute stroke among other
indications. This class of compounds has been mentioned for the
treatment of glaucoma (lowering and controlling IOP), see e.g., WO
98/18458 (DeSantis, et al.) and EP 0771563A2 (Mano, et al.).
Osborne, et al. (Ophthalmologica, Vol. 210:308-314, 1996) teach
that 8-hydroxydipropylaminotetralin (8-OH-DPAT) (a 5-HT.sub.1A
agonist) reduces IOP in rabbits. Wang, et al. (Current Eye
Research, Vol. 16(8):769-775, August 1997, and IVOS, Vol. 39(4),
S488, March, 1998) indicate that 5-methylurapidil, an
.alpha..sub.1A antagonist and 5-HT.sub.1A agonist lowers IOP in the
monkey, but attribute the IOP effect to its .alpha..sub.1A receptor
activity. Also, 5-HT.sub.1A antagonists are disclosed as being
useful for the treatment of glaucoma (elevated IOP) (e.g., WO
92/0338, McLees). Furthermore, DeSai, et al. (WO 97/35579) and
Macor, et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,612) relate to the use of
5-HT.sub.1 and 5-HT.sub.1-like agonists for the treatment of
glaucoma (elevated IOP). These anti-migraine compounds, e.g.,
sumatriptan and naratriptan and related compounds, are
5-HT.sub.1B,D,E,F agonists.
[0006] It has been found that serotonergic compounds which possess
agonist activity at 5-HT.sub.2 receptors effectively lower and
control normal and elevated IOP and are useful for treating
glaucoma, see U.S. Pat. No. 6,664,286 incorporated in its entirety
by reference herein. Compounds that act as agonists at 5-HT.sub.2
receptors are well known and have shown a variety of utilities,
primarily for disorders or conditions associated with the central
nervous system (CNS). U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,928 relates to certain
2-(indol-1-yl)-ethylamine derivatives that are 5-HT.sub.2C agonists
for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder and other CNS
derived personality disorders. U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,833 relates to
tryptamine derivatives that are 5-HT.sub.2 agonists for the
treatment of portal hypertension and migraine. U.S. Pat. No.
5,874,477 relates to a method for treating malaria using
5-HT.sub.2A/2C agonists. U.S. Pat. No. 5,902,815 relates to the use
of 5-HT.sub.2A agonists to prevent adverse effects of NMDA receptor
hypo-function. WO 98/31354 relates to 5-HT.sub.2B agonists for the
treatment of depression and other CNS conditions. WO 00/12475
relates to indoline derivatives, and WO 00/12510 and WO 00/44753
relate to certain indole derivatives as 5-HT.sub.2B and 5-HT.sub.2C
receptor agonists for the treatment of a variety of disorders of
the central nervous system, but especially for the treatment of
obesity. WO 00/35922 relates to certain pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoxaline
derivates as 5-HT.sub.2C agonists for the treatment of obsessive
compulsive disorder, depression, eating disorders, and other
disorders involving the CNS. WO 00/77002 and WO 00/77010 relate to
certain substituted tetracyclic pyrido[4,3-b]indoles as 5-HT.sub.2C
agonists with utility for the treatment of central nervous system
disorders including obesity, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders,
cephalic pain, and social phobias among others. Agonist response at
the 5-HT.sub.2A receptor is reported to be the primary activity
responsible for hallucinogenic activity, with some lesser
involvement of the 5-HT.sub.2C receptor possible
[Psychopharmacology, Vol. 121:357, 1995].
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 5,561,150 relate to certain tricyclic pyrazole
derivative compounds which are identified as being 5-HT.sub.2C
agonists for the treatment of CNS diseases and are primarily
directed to lipophilic analogs that have a high probability of
entering the brain. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,796 relates to
tricyclic 5-HT.sub.2C agonists for the treatment of CNS diseases.
This patent includes claims to certain substituted
pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazoles though no specific examples are
provided. All the patents and publications mentioned above and
throughout are incorporated in their entirety by reference
herein.
[0008] 5-Hyroxytryptamine (serotonin) does not cross the
blood-brain barrier and enter the brain. However, in order to
increase brain serotonin levels the administration of
5-hydroxy-tryptophan can be employed. The transport of
5-hydroxy-tryptophan into the brain readily occurs, and once in the
brain 5-hydroxy-tryptophan is rapidly decarboxylated to provide
serotonin.
[0009] Accordingly, there is a need to provide new compounds which
avoid the disadvantages described above and which provide increased
chemical stability and a desired length of therapeutic activity,
for instance, in decreasing intraocular pressure and treating
glaucoma.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0010] A feature of the present invention is to provide novel
compounds which are 5-HT.sub.2 agonists.
[0011] Another feature of the present invention is to provide
compounds which have increased chemical stability and which are
useful in lowering and controlling normal or elevated intraocular
pressure and/or treating glaucoma.
[0012] Another feature of the present invention is to provide
compounds which provide a desired level of therapeutic activity in
lowering and controlling normal or elevated intraocular pressure
and/or treating glaucoma.
[0013] Additional features and advantages of the present invention
will be set forth in part in the description that follows, and in
part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by
practice of the present invention. The objectives and other
advantages of the present invention will be realized and attained
by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out
in the description and appended claims.
[0014] To achieve these and other advantages, and in accordance
with the purposes of the present invention, as embodied and broadly
described herein, the present invention relates to a compound
having the Formula I: ##STR1## and being described more fully
below.
[0015] The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical
compositions containing at least one compound of Formula I.
[0016] The present invention further relates to methods to lower
and/or control normal or elevated intraocular pressure by
administering an effective amount of a composition containing a
compound having Formula I as described above.
[0017] The present invention also relates to a method for treating
glaucoma which involves administering an effective amount of a
composition containing a compound having Formula I as described
above.
[0018] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general
description and the following detailed description are exemplary
and explanatory only and are intended to provide a further
explanation of the present invention, as claimed.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0019] The present invention relates to a variety of compounds
which are useful according to the present invention. These
compounds are represented by the following Formula I: ##STR2##
Wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently chosen from hydrogen,
C.sub.1-4alkyl; [0020] R.sup.3 is selected from hydrogen,
C.sub.1-4alkyl, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 can complete a pyrrolidine
or piperidine ring, which can be substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl;
[0021] R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl, or when Y is carbon
R.sup.4 can also be halogen; [0022] R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are
independently chosen from hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl,
C.sub.1-6alkylthio, C.sub.1-6alkylsulfonyl,
C.sub.1-6alkylsulfoxide, nitrile, C.sub.1-6alkyl substituted with
halogen; [0023] R.sup.7is chosen from C.dbd.OR.sup.9,
S(O).sub.mR.sup.10, NR.sup.1--(C.dbd.O)--R.sup.11, [0024]
C.sub.1-6alkyl substituted with: hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy,
NR.sup.12R.sup.13, CO.sub.2H, CO.sub.2C.sub.1-6alkyl,
C(.dbd.O)NR.sup.12R.sup.13 or S(O).sub.mNR.sup.12R.sup.13, or a
saturated or unsaturated 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic ring which
can contain 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S and can be
unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl; [0025] or R.sup.7
can be chosen from a heterocyclic ring selected from oxazol-2-yl,
4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl, 5,6-dihydro-[1,3]oxazin-2-yl,
thiazol-2-yl, 4,5-dihydro-thiazol-2-yl, benzoxazol-2-yl,
benzothiazol-2-yl, imidazol-2-yl, imidazolidin-2-yl,
[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl, [1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl,
[1,2,4]thiadiazol-5-yl, or [1,2,4]thiadiazol-3-yl which can be
unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl; [0026] but
R.sup.7 cannot be hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy,
amino, mono- or di-loweralkyl amino, lower alkanoylamino, or
halogen; [0027] R.sup.9 is chosen from hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy,
NR.sup.14R.sup.15, C.sub.1-6alkyl, or C.sub.2-6alkyl substituted
with hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy, NR.sup.12R.sup.13, CO.sub.2H,
CO.sub.2C.sub.1-6alkyl, S(O).sub.mNR.sup.12R.sup.13, halogen, or a
heterocyclic ring selected from pyrrolidin-2-yl, imidazo-2-yl,
imidazo-4-yl, morpholin-3-yl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, or
tetrazolyl, which can be unsubstituted or substituted with
C.sub.1-4alkyl; [0028] R.sup.10 is chosen from NR.sup.12R.sup.13,
C.sub.1-6alkyl, or C.sub.2-6alkyl substituted with hydroxyl,
C.sub.1-6alkoxy, NR.sup.11R.sup.12, CO.sub.2H,
CO.sub.2C.sub.1-6alkyl; [0029] R.sup.11 is C.sub.1-6alkyl
substituted with hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy, or a saturated or
unsaturated 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic ring which can contain 1-4
heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S and can be unsubstituted or
substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl; [0030] R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are
independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl,
C.sub.2-6alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, C.sub.1-6alkoxy, or
halogen, or R.sup.12, R.sup.13, and the intervening nitrogen atom
can form a heterocyclic ring selected from morpholine,
thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine 1-oxide, thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide,
azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, unsubstituted or
substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl or C.sub.1-4alkyl substituted with
hydroxy or C.sub.1-4alkoxy; [0031] R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 are
independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl, hydroxyl,
C.sub.1-6alkoxy, C.sub.2-6alkyl substituted with hydroxyl,
C.sub.1-6alkoxy, halogen or a heterocyclic ring selected from
pyrrolidin-2-yl, imidazo-2-yl, imidazo-4-yl, morpholin-3-yl,
oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, tetrazolyl, which can be
unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.1-4alkyl, or R.sup.14,
R.sup.15, and the intervening nitrogen atom can form a heterocyclic
ring selected from morpholine, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine
1-oxide, thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide, azetidine, pyrrolidine,
piperidine, piperazine, unsubstituted or substituted with
C.sub.1-4alkyl or C.sub.1-4alkyl substituted with hydroxy or
C.sub.1-4alkoxy; [0032] =a double or single bond in the oxazole
ring; [0033] when R.sup.16 is no atom, is a double bond, and when
is a single bond, R.sup.7 is Q, where Q is oxygen, sulfur, or
NR.sup.1 attached to the oxazole ring by a double bond; [0034] m is
0-2; [0035] A is N or CH; [0036] X and Y are either N or C, wherein
X and Y cannot be the same; and the dashed bonds in this ring
denote a suitably appointed single and double bond;
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, and prodrug forms
of the compounds of Formula I are also part of the present
invention. Certain compounds of Formula I can contain one or more
chiral centers. The present invention contemplates all enantiomers,
diastereomers, and mixtures thereof.
[0037] In the above definitions, the total number of carbon atoms
in a substituent group is indicated by the C.sub.i-j prefix where
the numbers i and j define the number of carbon atoms.. This
definition includes straight chain, branched chain, and cyclic
alkyl or (cyclic alkyl)alkyl groups. A substituent may be present
either singly or multiply when incorporated into the indicated
structural unit. For example, the substituent halogen, which means
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, would indicate that the
unit to which it is attached may be substituted with one or more
halogen atoms, which may be the same or different.
[0038] Preferred are compounds of Formula I wherein:
A.dbd.N;
X.dbd.N;
Y.dbd.C; and
in the oxazole ring is a double bond; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and prodrugs
thereof.
[0039] Of the preferred compounds, most preferred are those
compounds of Formula I wherein:
[0040] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2.dbd.H.
[0041] Among these compounds, especially preferred are the
compounds of Formula I wherein:
[0042] R.sup.3=methyl.
[0043] The term "alkanoylamino" represents a group that is linked
by an amino atom that is connected to a carbon atom has a double
bond to an oxygen group and a single bond to a carbon atom or
hydrogen atom.
[0044] The term "acyloxy" represents a group that is linked by an
oxygen atom that is connected to a carbon that has a double bond to
an oxygen atom and single bond to another carbon atom.
[0045] The term "alkenyl" includes straight or branched chain
hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 15 carbon atoms with at least one
carbon-carbon double bond. The chain hydrogens may be substituted
with other groups, such as halogen. Preferred straight or branched
alkeny groups include, allyl, 1-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl and
4-pentenyl.
[0046] The term "alkoxy" represents an alkyl group attached through
an oxygen linkage.
[0047] The term "alkyl" includes straight, branched or cyclic
aliphatic hydrocarbon groups that are saturated and have 1 to 15
carbon atoms. The alkyl groups may be substituted with other
groups, such as halogen, hydroxyl or alkoxy. Preferred straight or
branched alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,
butyl and t-butyl.
[0048] The term "alkylamino" represents an alkyl group attached
through a nitrogen linkage.
[0049] The term "alkynyl" includes straight or branched chain
hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 15 carbon atoms with at least one
carbon-carbon triple bond. The chain hydrogens may be substituted
with other groups, such as halogen. Preferred straight or branched
alkynyl groups include, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1
-methyl-2-propynyl and 2-pentynyl.
[0050] The term "aryl" refers to carbon-based rings which are
aromatic. The rings may be isolated, such as phenyl, or fused, such
as naphthyl. The ring hydrogens may be substituted with other
groups, such as lower alkyl, or halogen.
[0051] The term "carbonyl" represents a group that has a carbon
atom that has a double bond to an oxygen atom.
[0052] The term "carbonylalkoxy" represents a group that is linked
by a carbon atom that has a double bond to an oxygen atom and a
single bond to an alkoxy group.
[0053] The term "cationic salt moiety" includes alkali and alkaline
earth metal salts as well as ammonium salts.
[0054] The term "carbonyloxyl" represents a group that is linked by
a carbon atom that has a double bond to an oxygen atom and a single
bond to a second oxygen atom.
[0055] The term "cycloalkyl" includes straight or branched chain,
saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups which connect
to form one or more rings, which can be fused or isolated. The
rings may be substituted with other groups, such as halogen,
hydroxyl or lower alkyl. Preferred cycloalkyl groups include
cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cylopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0056] The term "dialkylamino" represents two alkyl groups attached
through a nitrogen linkage.
[0057] The term "halogen" and "halo" represents fluoro, chloro,
bromo, or iodo.
[0058] The term "heteroaryl" refers to aromatic hydrocarbon rings
which contain at least one heteroatom such as O, S, or N in the
ring. Heteroaryl rings may be isolated, with 5 to 6 ring atoms, or
fused, with 8 to 10 atoms. The heteroaryl ring(s) hydrogens or
heteroatoms with open valency may be substituted with other groups,
such as lower alkyl or halogen. Examples of heteroaryl groups
include imidazole, pyridine, indole, quinoline, furan, thiophene,
pyrrole, tetrahydroquinoline, dihydrobenzofuran, and
dihydrobenzindole.
[0059] The term "lower alkyl" represents alkyl groups containing
one to six carbons (C.sub.1-C.sub.6).
Synthesis
[0060] Compounds of Formula I can be prepared by using one of
several synthetic procedures. Pg denotes a suitable protective
group to assure that a particular atom is not modified during the
indicated chemical reaction. ##STR3## ##STR4## ##STR5## Using the
procedures described in Schemes 1-3 (above), the Examples 1-4
(below), and well known procedures, one skilled in the art can
prepare the compounds disclosed herein. Preferred compounds
according to the present invention are those set forth in Table 1
below.
Example 1
(S)-2-(7-Methoxy-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazol-1-yl)-1-methylethylamine
Step A. [(S)-2-(6-Hydroxy-indazol-1-yl)-l-methylethyl]-carbamic
acid benzyl ester
[0061] 1-((S)-2-Aminopropyl)-1H-indazol-6-ol [prepared in
accordance with commonly owned WO 02/098862A1, the contents of
which are by this reference incorporated herein] (2.00 g, 10.5
mmol) was suspended in THF (20 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium
bicarbonate (10 mL) and benzyl chloroformate (1.50 mL, 15 mol) were
added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature until the
starting amine dissolved. Saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (150
mL) was added and the reaction mixture extracted with ethyl acetate
(3.times.150 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (magnesium
sulfate), filtered, and evaporated to give a tan foam (2.65 g, 78%)
which was pure by LC/MS (+APCI) m/z 326 (M+H.sup.+).
Step B: Benzyl (S)-2-(7-bromo-6-hydroxy-1H-indazol-
1-yl)-1-methylethylcarbamate
[0062] A solution of benzyl
(S)-2-(6-hydroxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)-1-methylethylcarbamate (3.00 g,
9.23 mmol) from Step A in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was cooled in an
ice bath, small portions of N-bromosuccinimide (1.64 g, 9.23 mmol)
were added and the mixture was stirred for a few minutes followed
by the addition of a saturated aqueous solution of sodium sulfite
(150 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2.times.100
mL). The combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate,
filtered, and evaporated to a white solid (3.76 g): mp 40.degree.
C.; LC/MS m/z 404/406.
Step C: Benzyl
(S)-2-(6-hydroxy-7-nitro-1H-indazol-1-yl)-1-methylethylcarbamate
[0063] A solution of the product from Step B (3.76 g, 9.3 mmol) in
tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and acetic acid (10 mL) was cooled in an
ice bath, sodium nitrate (1.93 g, 27.9 mmol) was added and the
reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h followed by warming to room
temperature and stirring for one hour. Water (150 mL) was added to
the reaction mixture, which was extracted with ethyl acetate
(2.times.100 mL). The combined extracts were washed with a
saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (2.times.100 m),
dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to an oil
(2.87 g). This residue was purified by chromatography (silica gel,
hexane/ethyl acetate) to give a tan foam (2.44 g, 71%): LC/MS m/z
371. This was used in the next reaction without further
purification.
Step D: Benzyl
(S)-2-(7-amino-6-hydroxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)-1-methylethylcarbamate
[0064] The product from Step C (0.20 g, 0.54 mmol) was combined
with acetic acid (5 mL), water (5 mL), and iron powder (0.30 g
mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture
was filtered and evaporated to a dark oil (0.47 g) which was was
used in the next reaction: LC/MS m/z 341.
Step E: Benzyl (S)-2-(7-methoxy-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazol
-1-yl)-1-methylethylcarbamate
[0065] The product from Step D (0.47 g) was combined with
tetramethyl orthocarbonate (15 mL), p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate
(10 mg) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h.
The reaction was quenched with triethylamine (1 ml) and the
reaction mixture was evaporated to a residue which was purified by
chromatography (silica gel, hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) to give
a colorless oil (60 mg): LC/MS m/z 381.
Step F: (S)-2-(7-Methoxy-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazol-1-yl)-
1-methylethylamine
[0066] To a solution of the product from Step E (60 mg,0.157 mmol)
in methanol (10 mL) was added 10% palladium-on-carbon (20 mg) and
the mixture was stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen at room
temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and
evaporated to a colorless oil (30 mg): LC/MS m/z 247.
Example 2
(S)-2-[7-(Methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazol- 1 -yl]- 1
-methylethylamine
Step A: 1 -[(R)-2-hydroxypropyl]-7-nitroso-1H-indazol-6-ol
[0067] To a solution of 1-[(R)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-indazol-6-ol
(2.0 g, 1.04 mmol) in acetic acid (20 mL) was added sodium nitrite
(0.72 g, 10.4 mol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature
for 1 hour. Water (200 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted
with ethyl acetate (2.times.200 mL). The combined extracts were
washed with water (200 mL), and a saturated aqueous solution of
sodium bicarbonate (200 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered
and evaporated to a residue which was purified by chromatography
(silica gel, hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) to give a red solid
(1.07 g, 47%): LC/MS m/z 222.
Step B:
(R)-1-[7-(Methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazol-1-yl]propa-
n-2-ol
[0068] A solution of the product from Step A (1.05 g, 4.75 mol) in
tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) containing 10% palladium-on-carbon (0.1 g)
was stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen at room temperature for
18 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered, pyridine (1.0 mL, 12.3
mol) and methoxy acetyl chloride (0.43 mL, 4.75 mol) were added,
and this mixture was stirred at room temperature. More pyridine
(5.0 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 20 minutes followed by the addition of
4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.1 g); this mixture was heated at 60
.degree. C. for 3 hours followed by removal of solvents by heating
at 220 .degree. C. for 30 minutes. The resulting dark liquid was
purified by chromatography (silica gel, hexane/ethyl acetate
gradient) to give a yellow oil (200 mg, 16%): LC/MS m/z 262.
Step C:
1-[(S)-2-Azidopropyl]-7-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzox-
azole
[0069] A solution of the product from Step B (0.20 g, 0.77 mmol in
tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was cooled (ice bath), triethylamine (0.43
mL, 3.06 mmol) and methanesulfonic anhydride (0.24 g, 1.38 mmol)
were added and the mixture was stirred at 0 .degree. C for 20
minutes. Sodium azide (0.50 g, 7.66 mmol) was added to the reaction
mixture, which was evaporated to a residue that was dissolved in
dimethyl sulfoxide (10 mL) and heated at 90-100 .degree. C. for 2
hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, water
(200 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl
acetate (2.times.100 mL). The combined extracts were dried
(magnesium sulfate), filtered, and evaporated to give a residue
which was purified by chromatography (silica gel, hexane/ethyl
acetate) to give a yellow oil (80 mg, 37%): LC/MS m/z 287.
Step D: (S)-2-[7-(Methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrazolo
[3,4-e]benzoxazo-1-yl]-1-methylethylamine
[0070] A solution of the product of Step C (80 mg, 0.28 mmol) in
methanol (10 mL) containing 10% palladium-on-carbon (10 mg) was
stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen for 18 hours. The reaction
mixture was filtered and evaporated to give a yellow solid (60 mg,
83%): mp 40-43 .degree. C.; LC/MS m/z 261.
Example 3
1-[(S)-2-Aminopropyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazole -7-carboxylic
acid amide
Step A: 7-Bromo-1-[(R)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-indazol-6-ol
[0071] A solution of 1-[(R)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-indazol-6-ol (4.76
g, 24.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL), cooled in an ice bath,
added small portions of N-bromosuccinimide (4.41 g, 24.8 mmol) and
stirred while the reaction warmed to room temperature. The reaction
was quenched with aqueous saturated sodium sulfite (100 mL) and
extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The combined extracts were
dried (magnesium sulfate), filtered and evaporated to a yellow
solid (7 g): mp 134-136.degree. C.; LC/MS m/z 271/273.
Step B:1-[(R)- 2-Hydroxypropyl]-7-nitro-1-H-indazol-6-ol
[0072] A solution of the product from Step A (6.99 g, 24.8 mmol) in
a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and acetic acid (20 mL) was
cooled in an ice bath. Sodium nitrite (5.13 g, 74.4 mol) was added
and the mixture was stirred for one hour, warmed to room
temperature and stirring continued for one hour. Water (200 mL) was
added to the reaction mixture, which was extracted with ethyl
acetate (200 mL). The organic layer was washed with aqueous
saturated sodium bicarbonate (100 mL, to pH 7), dried (magnesium
sulfate), filtered and evaporated to an oil (4.75 g). Purification
by chromatography gave a bright yellow solid (2.96 g, 50%): mp
70-74.degree. C.; LC/MS m/z 238.
Step C: 7-Amino-1-[(R)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-indazol-6-ol
[0073] To a solution of the product from Step B (1.84 g, 7.76 mmol)
in methanol (20 mL) was added palladium-on-carbon (100 mg) and this
mixture was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature
for 4 h. The reaction mixture was filtered (avoiding air) and
evaporated to a colorless oil: LC/MS m/z 208. This oil was
immediately carried into the next step.
Step D: 1-[(R)-2-Hydroxypropyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazole
-7-carboxylic acid amide
[0074] To a solution of the product from Step C (1.61 g, 7.76 mmol)
in methanol (20 mL) was added dimethyl oxalate (9.16 g, 77.6 mmol),
p-toluene sulfonic anhydride hydrate (50 mg), and the mixture was
heated to distill off liquids with a bath temperature of
120.degree. C. for 5 h. The dark residue was treated with
methanolic ammonia (7 M, 22 mL, 0.15 mol) and heated at reflux
temperature for 1 h. Additional ammonia (7 M in methanol, 20 mL)
was added and heating continued for another hour. The reaction
mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered, and evaporated to
a brown solid that was purified by chromatography to give a tan
solid (0.91 g, 45%): LC/MS m/z 279.
Step E: 1-[(S)-2-Azidopropyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazole
-7-carboxylic acid amide
[0075] To a suspension of the product-from Step D (0.90 g, 3.45
mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was added triethylamine (1.93 mL,
13.9 mmol); this mixture was cooled (ice bath), methane sulfonic
anhydride (1.20 g, 6.92 mmol) was added, and the mixture was
stirred for 20 minutes. Sodium azide (2.25 g, 34.6 mmol) was added
and the mixture was evaporated to a residue which dissolved in
dimethyl sulfoxide (20 mL) and heated at 90.degree. C. for 2.5
hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, water
(200 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl
acetate (2.times.100 mL). The combined extracts were washed with
water (100 mL), dried (magnesium sulfate), filtered, and evaporated
to solid (0.97 g). This residue was purified by chromatography
(silica gel, ethyl acetate gradient) and recrystallized from
methanol and ethyl acetate to give a colorless solid (0. 18 g,
18%): mp 162-164.degree. C.; LC/MS m/z 286.
Step F:
1-[(S)-2-Aminopropyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazole-7-carboxylic
acid amide
[0076] To a solution of the product from Step E (0.18 g, 0.631
mmol) in methanol (10 mL) was added 10% palladium-on-carbon (20
mg). This mixture was maintained under an atmosphere of hydrogen at
room temperature for three days. The reaction mixture was filtered
and evaporated to a tan solid (0.16 g): mp 60-65.degree. C.; LC/MS
m/z 260. Analysis. Calculated for
C.sub.12H.sub.13N.sub.5O.sub.2.0.5 CH.sub.30H: C, 54.54; H, 5.49;
N, 25.44. Found: C, 54.79; H, 5.35; N, 25.29.
Example 4
1-[(S)-2-Aminopropyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]benzoxazole-7-carboxylic
acid methylamide
[0077] This compound was prepared in a manner essentially identical
to that described in Example 3, but using a solution of methylamine
in methanol (2 M) in Step D rather than a solution of ammonia in
methanol, to give an amorphous foam (100 mg): LC/MS 274 m/z;
.sup.1H NMR was consistent with the assigned structure.
[0078] The compounds of the present invention can be used to lower
and control IOP including IOP associated with normotension
glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and glaucoma in warm blooded animals
including humans and other mammals. Since the treatment of glaucoma
is preferably with compounds that do not enter the CNS, relatively
polar compounds that are 5-HT.sub.2 agonists are of particular
interest. The compounds are preferably formulated in pharmaceutical
compositions which are preferably suitable for topical delivery to
the eye of the patient.
[0079] The compounds of this invention, Formula I, can be
incorporated into various types of pharmaceutical compositions,
such as ophthalmic formulations for delivery to the eye (e.g.,
topically, intracamerally, or via an implant). The compounds are
preferably incorporated into topical ophthahnic formulations for
delivery to the eye. The compounds may be combined with
ophthalmologically acceptable preservatives, viscosity enhancers,
penetration enhancers, buffers, sodium chloride, and water to form
an aqueous, sterile ophthalmic suspension or solution. Ophthalmic
solution formulations may be prepared by dissolving a compound in a
physiologically acceptable isotonic aqueous buffer. Further, the
ophthalmic solution may include an ophthalmologically acceptable
surfactant to assist in dissolving the compound. Furthermore, the
ophthalmic solution may contain an agent to increase viscosity,
such as hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose,
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose,
polyvinylpyrrolidone, or the like, to improve the retention of the
formulation in the conjunctival sac. Gelling agents can also be
used, including, but not limited to, gellan and xanthan gum. In
order to prepare sterile ophthalmic ointment formulations, the
active ingredient is combined with a preservative in an appropriate
vehicle, such as, mineral oil, liquid lanolin, or white petrolatum.
Sterile ophthalmic gel formulations may be prepared by suspending
the active ingredient in a hydrophilic base prepared from the
combination of, for example, carbopol-974, or the like, according
to the published formulations for analogous ophthalmic
preparations; preservatives and tonicity agents can be
incorporated.
[0080] The compounds are preferably formulated as topical
ophthalmic suspensions or solutions, with a pH of about 5 to 8, and
more preferably about 6.5 to about 7.5. The compounds will normally
be contained in these formulations in an amount 0.01% to 5% by
weight, but preferably in an amount of 0.025% to 2% by weight.
Thus, for topical presentation 1 to 2 drops of these formulations
would be delivered to the surface of the eye 1 to 4 times per day
according to the discretion of a skilled clinician.
[0081] The compounds can also be used in combination with other
agents for treating glaucoma, such as, but not limited to,
.beta.-blockers (e.g., timolol, betaxolol, levobetaxolol,
carteolol, levobunolol, propranolol), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
(e.g., brinzolainide and dorzolamide), a, antagonists (e.g.,
nipradolol), .alpha..sub.2 agonists (e.g. iopidine and
brimonidine), miotics (e.g., pilocarpine and epinephrine),
prostaglandin analogs (e.g., latanoprost, travoprost, unoprostone,
and compounds set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,889,052; 5,296,504;
5,422,368; and 5,151,444, "hypotensive lipids" (e.g., bimatoprost
and compounds set forth in 5,352,708), and neuroprotectants (e.g.,
compouids from U.S. Pat. No. 4,690,931, particularly eliprodil and
R-eliprodil, and appropriate compounds from WO 94/13275, including
memantine.
[0082] The compounds of the present invention preferably function
as 5-HT.sub.2 agonists and preferably do not enter the CNS.
Compounds having the ability to be a 5-HT.sub.2 agonist are
beneficial for controlling IOP as well as the treatment of glaucoma
as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,664,286 incorporated in its entirety by
reference herein.
[0083] The compounds of the present invention preferably provide
increased chemical stability and preferably achieve the desired
level of therapeutic activity which includes a lowering or
controlling of IOP.
[0084] The compounds of the present invention can be used in
controlling or lowering IOP in warm blooded animals including
humans. Preferably, an effective amount of the compound is
administered to the patient such that the IOP is controlled or
lowered to acceptable levels. Furthermore, the compounds of the
present invention can be used to treat glaucoma in warm blooded
animals, including humans, by administering an effective amount of
the compound to a patient in need of such treatment to treat the
glaucoma. Pharmaceutically acceptable amounts of the compounds of
the present invention will be readily understood by those skilled
in the art to mean amounts sufficient to effect the desired therapy
without toxicity or other deleterious effects on the patients'
health. Examples of such amounts include without limitation those
amounts shown in the Examples.
[0085] Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of
activating or binding serotonin receptors, comprising administering
an effective amount of at least one compound of the present
invention to a patient using an amount effective to activate or
bind serotonin receptors, such as, but not limited to, the dosage
levels described herein.
[0086] The procedures described herein in Method 1 can be used to
confirm a compound's 5-HT.sub.2 binding affinity.
Method 1
5-HT.sub.2 Receptor Binding Assay
[0087] To determine the affinities of serotonergic compounds at the
5-HT.sub.2 receptors, their ability to compete for the binding of
the agonist radioligand [.sup.125I]DOI to brain 5-HT.sub.2
receptors is determined as described below with minor modification
of the literature procedure [Neuropharmacology, 26, 1803 (1987)].
Aliquots of post mortem rat or human cerebral cortex homogenates
(400 .mu.L) dispersed in 50 mM TrisHCl buffer (pH 7.4) are
incubated with [.sup.125I]DOI (80 .mu.M final) in the absence or
presence of methiothepin (10 .mu.M final) to define total and
non-specific binding, respectively, in a total volume of 0.5 mL.
The assay mixture is incubated for 1 hour at 23.degree. C. in
polypropylene tubes and the assays terminated by rapid vacuum
filtration over Whatman GF/B glass fiber filters previously soaked
in 0.3% polyethyleneimine using ice-cold buffer. Test compounds (at
different concentrations) are substituted for methiothepin.
Filter-bound radioactivity is determined by scintillation
spectrometry on a beta counter. The data are analyzed using a
non-linear, iterative curve-fitting computer program [Trends
Pharmacol. Sci., 16, 413 (1995)] to determine the compound affinity
parameter. The concentration of the compound needed to inhibit the
[.sup.125I]DOI binding by 50% of the maximum is termed the
IC.sub.50 or K.sub.i value.
Method 2
5-HT.sub.2 Functional Assay: [Ca.sup.2+].sub.i Mobilization
[0088] The receptor-mediated mobilization on intracellular calcium
([Ca.sup.2+].sub.i) was studied using the Fluorescence Imaging
Plate Reader (FLIPR) instrument. Rat vascular smooth muscle cells,
A7r5, were grown in a normal media of DMEM/10% FBS and 10 .mu.g/mL
gentamycin. Confluent cell monolayers were trypsinized, pelleted,
and re-suspended in normal media. Cells were seeded in a 50 .mu.L
volume at a density of 20,000 cells/well in a black wall, 96-well
tissue culture plate and grown for 2 days.
[0089] On the day of the experiment, one vial of FLIPR Calcium
Assay Kit dye was re-suspended in 50 mL of a FLIPR buffer
consisting of Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), 20 mM HEPES,
and 2.5 mM probenecid, pH 7.4. Cells were loaded with the
calcium-sensitive dye by addition of an equal volume (50 .mu.L) to
each well of the 96-well plate and incubated with dye for 1h at
23.degree. C.
[0090] Typically, test compounds were stored at 25 .mu.M in 50%
DMSO/50% Ethanol solvent. Compounds were diluted 1:50 in 20%
DMSO/20% Ethanol. For "hit" screening, compounds were further
diluted 1:10 in FLIPR buffer and tested at a final concentration of
10 .mu.M. For dose-response experiments, compounds were diluted
1:50 in FLIPR buffer and serially diluted 1:10 to give a 5- or
8-point dose-response curve.
[0091] The compound plate and cell plate were placed in the FLIPR
instrument. At the beginning of an experimental run, a signal test
was performed to check the basal fluorescence signal from the
dye-loaded cells and the uniformity of the signal across the plate.
The basal fluorescence was adjusted between 8000-12000 counts by
modifying the exposure time, the camera F-stop, or the laser power.
Instrument settings for a typical assay were the following: laser
power 0.3-0.6 W, camera F-stop F/2. and exposure time 0.4 sec. An
aliquot (25 .mu.L) of the test compound was added to the existing
100 .mu.L dye-loaded cells at a dispensing speed of 50 .mu.L/sec.
Fluorescence data were collected in real-time at 1.0 sec intervals
for the first 60 secs and at 6.0 sec intervals for an additional
120 secs. Responses were measured as peak fluorescence intensity
minus basal and where appropriate were expressed as a percentage of
a maximum 5-HT-induced response. When the compounds were tested as
antagonists against 10 .mu.M 5-HT, they were incubated with the
cells for 15 minutes prior to the addition of 5-HT.
[0092] The above procedures were used to generate the data shown in
Table 1. TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 5-HT.sub.2A Receptor Binding and
Functional Data 5-HT.sub.2A Example IC.sub.50 (nM) EC.sub.50 (nM)
E.sub.max (%) 1 8 352 72 2 6 174 88 3 445 72 4 19 907 77
[0093] The following topical ophthalmic formulations are useful
according to the present invention administered 1-4 times per day
according to the discretion of a skilled clinician. TABLE-US-00002
Ingredients Amount (wt %) Compound of any of Examples 1-4 0.01-2%
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.5% Dibasic sodium phosphate
(anhydrous) 0.2% Sodium chloride 0.5% Disodium EDTA (Edetate
disodium) 0.01% Polysorbate 80 0.05% Benzalkonium chloride 0.01%
Sodium hydroxide/Hydrochloric acid For adjusting pH to 7.3-7.4
Purified water q.s. to 100%
Example 6
[0094] TABLE-US-00003 Ingredients Amount (wt %) Compound of any of
Examples 1-4 0.01-2% Methyl cellulose 4.0% Dibasic sodium phosphate
(anhydrous) 0.2% Sodium chloride 0.5% Disodium EDTA (Edetate
disodium) 0.01% Polysorbate 80 0.05% Benzalkonium chloride 0.01%
Sodium hydroxide/Hydrochloric acid For adjusting pH to 7.3-7.4
Purified water q.s. to 100%
Example 7
[0095] TABLE-US-00004 Ingredients Amount (wt %) Compound of any of
Examples 1-4 0.01-2% Guar gum 0.4-6.0% Dibasic sodium phosphate
(anhydrous) 0.2% Sodium chloride 0.5% Disodium EDTA (Edetate
disodium) 0.01% Polysorbate 80 0.05% Benzalkonium chloride 0.01%
Sodium hydroxide/Hydrochloric acid For adjusting pH to 7.3-7.4
Purified water q.s. to 100%
Example 8
[0096] TABLE-US-00005 Ingredients Amount (wt %) Compound of any of
Examples 1-4 0.01-2% White petrolatum and mineral oil and lanolin
Ointment consistency Dibasic sodium phosphate (anhydrous) 0.2%
Sodium chloride 0.5% Disodium EDTA (Edetate disodium) 0.01%
Polysorbate 80 0.05% Benzalkonium chloride 0.01% Sodium
hydroxide/Hydrochloric acid For adjusting pH to 7.3-7.4
[0097] Other embodiments of the present invention will be apparent
to those skilled in the art from consideration of the present
specification and practice of the present invention disclosed
herein. It is intended that the present specification and examples
be considered as exemplary only with a true scope and spirit of the
invention being indicated by the following claims and equivalents
thereof.
* * * * *