U.S. patent application number 10/940420 was filed with the patent office on 2006-03-30 for magnetic jam detection in a card shuffler.
This patent application is currently assigned to Shuffle Master, Inc.. Invention is credited to Ernst Blaha, Peter Krenn.
Application Number | 20060066048 10/940420 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36060517 |
Filed Date | 2006-03-30 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060066048 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Krenn; Peter ; et
al. |
March 30, 2006 |
Magnetic jam detection in a card shuffler
Abstract
A shuffling device for playing cards and method of shuffling
cards is provided where a first group of cards is moved within the
device to form a randomized second group of cards. The device
comprises moving parts that assist in the movement of cards within
the shuffling device; a processor in informational connection with
the shuffling device; a sensor which detects at least one of speed,
distance and force of at least one moving part and provides a
signal to the processor regarding detection of at least one of
speed, distance and force; and the processor containing a program
that interprets the signal to detect significant variations in at
least one of speed, distance and force of the moving part.
Inventors: |
Krenn; Peter; (Neufeld,
AT) ; Blaha; Ernst; (Tullnerbach, AT) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Mark A. Litman & Associates, P.A.;York Business Center
Suite 205
3209 West 76th St.
Edina
MN
55435
US
|
Assignee: |
Shuffle Master, Inc.
|
Family ID: |
36060517 |
Appl. No.: |
10/940420 |
Filed: |
September 14, 2004 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
273/149R |
Current CPC
Class: |
G07F 17/3293 20130101;
A63F 1/12 20130101; A63F 1/14 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
273/149.00R |
International
Class: |
A63F 1/12 20060101
A63F001/12 |
Claims
1. A shuffling device for playing cards in which cards are moved
within the device to form a randomized second group of cards, the
device comprising: moving parts that assist in the movement of
cards within the shuffling device; a processor in informational
connection with the shuffling device; a sensor that detects at
least one of speed, distance and force of at least one moving part
and provides a signal to the processor regarding detection of at
least one of speed, distance and force; the processor containing a
program that interprets the signal to detect significant variations
in at least one of speed, distance and force of the moving
part.
2. The shuffling device of claim 1 wherein the program interprets
the signal as an indication of whether or not a deficiency in the
performance of the shuffling device has occurred.
3. The shuffling device of claim 1 wherein the program interprets
the signal as an indication of whether or not a card jam has
occurred within the shuffling device.
4. The device of claim 3 further comprising a program that
automatically reverses a direction of movement of cards in response
to sensing of a jam.
5. The shuffling device of claim 1 wherein the at least one moving
part comprises a shaft or roller.
6. The shuffling device of claim 2 wherein the at least one moving
part comprises a shaft or roller.
7. The shuffling device of claim 3 wherein the at least one moving
part comprises a shaft or roller.
8. The shuffling device of claim 2 wherein the shuffler further
comprises a carousel or fan having multiple compartments into which
at least one card is randomly placed from the first group of
cards.
9. The shuffling device of claim 2 wherein the signal is initiated
by sensing of a magnetic field.
10. The shuffling device of claim 3 wherein the shuffler further
comprises a carousel or fan having multiple compartments into which
at least one card is randomly placed from the first group of
cards.
11. The shuffling device of claim 2 wherein the shuffler further
comprises a carousel or fan having multiple compartments into which
at least two cards are randomly placed, one at a time, from the
first group of cards.
12. The shuffling device of claim 3 wherein the shuffler further
comprises a carousel or fan having multiple compartments into which
at least two cards are randomly placed, one at a time, from the
first group of cards.
13. The shuffling device of claim 2 wherein the shuffler further
comprises an elevator comprising a single card mixing compartment
into which one card at a time is randomly placed from the first
group of cards into an increasing collection of cards in the mixing
compartment.
14. The shuffling device of claim 2 wherein the shuffler further
comprises an elevator comprising a single card mixing compartment
into which one card at a time is randomly placed from the first
group of cards into an increasing collection of cards in the mixing
compartment.
15. The shuffling device of claim 2 wherein the shuffler further
comprises a stack of multiple compartments into which at least two
cards are randomly placed, one at a time, from the first group of
cards.
16. The shuffling device of claim 3 wherein the shuffler further
comprises a stack of multiple compartments into which at least two
cards are randomly placed, one at a time, from the first group of
cards.
17. The shuffling device of claim 2 wherein speed, distance or
force are detected by a component selected from the group
consisting of electromechanical components, magnetic detection
components, mechanical components, opto-mechanical components and
opto-electrical components.
18. The shuffling device of claim 3 wherein speed, distance or
force are detected by a component selected from the group
consisting of electromechanical components, magnetic detection
components, mechanical components, opto-mechanical components and
opto-electrical components.
19. The shuffling device of claim 5 wherein speed, distance or
force are detected by a component selected from the group
consisting of electromechanical components, magnetic detection
components, mechanical components, opto-mechanical components and
opto-electrical components.
20. The shuffling device of claim 6 wherein speed, distance or
force are detected by a component selected from the group
consisting of electromechanical components, magnetic detection
components, mechanical components, opto-mechanical components and
opto-electrical components.
21. A method of detecting deficiencies in the operation of a
shuffling device comprising moving parts, the method comprising:
moving cards within the shuffling device; detecting at least one of
speed, distance and force of at least one moving part and providing
a signal to a processor regarding detection of at least one of
speed, distance and force; the processor interpreting the signal to
detect significant variations in at least one of speed, distance
and force of the moving part.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the processor interprets the
signal as an indication of whether or not a deficiency in the
performance of the shuffling device has occurred.
23. The method of claim 21 wherein the processor interprets the
signal as an indication of whether or not a card jam has occurred
within the shuffling device.
24. The method of claim 21 wherein the at least one moving part
comprises a shaft or roller.
25. The method of claim 22 wherein the at least one moving part
comprises a shaft or roller.
26. The method of claim 23 wherein the at least one moving part
comprises a shaft or roller.
27. The method of claim 21 wherein speed, distance or force are
detected by a component selected from the group consisting of
electromechanical components, magnetic detection components,
mechanical components, opto-mechanical components and
opto-electrical components.
28. The method of claim 22 wherein speed, distance or force are
detected by a component selected from the group consisting of
electromechanical components, magnetic detection components,
mechanical components, opto-mechanical components and
opto-electrical components.
29. The method of claim 23 wherein speed, distance or force are
detected by a component selected from the group consisting of
electromechanical components, magnetic detection components,
mechanical components, opto-mechanical components and
opto-electrical components.
30. The method of claim 24 wherein speed, distance or force are
detected by a component selected from the group consisting of
electromechanical components, magnetic detection components,
mechanical components, opto-mechanical components and
opto-electrical components.
31. The method of claim 25 wherein speed, distance or force are
detected by a component selected from the group consisting of
electromechanical components, magnetic detection components,
mechanical components, opto-mechanical components and
opto-electrical components.
32. A playing card shuffling device comprising: a card input
portion for receiving cards to be shuffled; a card shuffling
portion for receiving cards from the card input portion and
outputting shuffled cards to a card outlet portion with at least
one moving part; and the card outlet portion being adapted for
coupling to a first output card receiver when it is desired to
remove shuffled cards one at a time from the shuffling device, and
the card outlet portion being adapted for coupling to a second
output card receiver when it is desired to remove a group of
shuffled cards at a time from the shuffling device; a processor in
informational connection with the shuffling device; a sensor that
detects at least one of speed, distance and force of at least one
moving part and provides a signal to the processor regarding
detection of at least one of speed, distance and force; the
processor containing a program that interprets the signal to detect
significant variations in at least one of speed, distance and force
of the at least one moving part.
33. The device of claim 32 wherein the card outlet portion
comprises first alignment features for aligning with corresponding
second alignment features on the first output card receiver and the
second output card receiver.
34. The shuffling device of claim 32 wherein the program interprets
the signal as an indication of whether or not a deficiency in the
performance of the shuffling device has occurred.
35. The shuffling device of claim 32 wherein the program interprets
the signal as an indication of whether or not a card jam has
occurred within the shuffling device.
36. The shuffling device of claim 32 wherein the at least one
moving part comprises a shaft or roller.
37. The shuffling device of claim 33 wherein the at least one
moving part comprises a shaft or roller.
38. The shuffling device of claim 35 wherein the at least one
moving part comprises a shaft or roller.
39. The shuffling device of claim 33 wherein the shuffler further
comprises a carousel or fan having multiple compartments into which
at least one card is randomly placed from the first group of
cards.
40. The shuffling device of claim 33 wherein the shuffler further
comprises a carousel or fan having multiple compartments into which
at least two cards are randomly placed, one at a time, from the
first group of cards.
41. The shuffling device of claim 33 wherein speed, distance or
force are detected by a component selected from the group
consisting of electromechanical components, magnetic detection
components, mechanical components, opto-mechanical components and
opto-electrical components.
42. The shuffling device of claim 34 wherein speed, distance or
force are detected by a component selected from the group
consisting of electromechanical components, magnetic detection
components, mechanical components, opto-mechanical components and
opto-electrical components.
43. A method performed on a shuffling device, comprising the steps
of: providing a shuffling device comprising a card input portion
for receiving cards to be shuffled; providing a card shuffling
portion with at least one moving part for receiving cards from the
card input portion and outputting shuffled cards to a card outlet
portion; providing a first output card receiver wherein the card
outlet portion is adapted for coupling to the first output card
receiver when it is desired to remove shuffled cards one at a time
from the shuffling device and providing a second output card
receive wherein the card outlet portion is adapted for coupling to
the second output card receiver it is desired to remove a group of
shuffled cards at a time from the shuffling device; coupling either
the first output card receiver or the second card output receiver
to a coupling mechanism on the card outlet portion depending on
whether it is desired to remove shuffled cards one at a time from
the shuffling device or remove a group of shuffled cards at a time
from the shuffling device; moving cards within the shuffling
device; detecting at least one of speed, distance and force of the
at least one moving part and providing a signal to a processor
regarding detection of at least one of speed, distance and force;
the processor interpreting the signal to detect significant
variations in at least one of speed, distance and force of the
moving part.
44. The shuffling device of claim 1 in which cards are randomly
ejected out of a first set of cards, transported to a card
receiving area, and collected on the card receiving area as a
randomized set of cards.
45. The shuffling device of claim 1 in which cards from a first
group of cards are randomly inserted into an accumulating
randomized set of cards by randomly separating the randomized set
of cards into at least two segments and inserting one card at a
time from the first group of cards into a space between the two
segments.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE ART
[0001] 1. Field of the invention
[0002] The present invention relates to card shufflers,
particularly playing card shufflers, and the detection of jamming
or erroneous mechanical performance in the operation of the
shuffler.
[0003] 2. Background of the Art
[0004] Examples of shuffling devices for playing cards,
particularly for use in casinos are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,659,082; 6,659,460; 6,655,684; 6,651,982; 6,651,981; 6,588,751;
6,588,750; 6,568,678; 6,325,373; 6,267,248; 6,254,096; 6,149,154;
6,139,014; 6,068,258; 5,989,122; 5,695,189; 5,676,372; 5,584,483;
5,382,024; 4,832,342; 4,659,082; and 4,586,712. In these known
shuffling apparatuses, various different formats of randomizing
cards are performed. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,659,082, the shuffling
vessel is formed by a horizontally arranged drivable drum that is
provided with radially extending shafts for receiving a card each.
An input station for receiving a stack of discarded playing cards
is provided through which the individual shafts of the drum are
supplied. The storage container for the shuffled cards is supplied
by the drum. Following the activation of a card ejector, the
individual cards are pushed into the storage container randomly. A
similar card shuffler has become known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,586,712
in which the drum is vertical.
[0005] A high degree of shuffling is achieved with such card
shufflers. The predictability of the card sequence in the shuffled
card stack is difficult or virtually impossible for a third party
even in the case of using electronic aids. In these known
shufflers, there can be card storage means for retrieving the
shuffled cards individually. This individual card movement requires
significant control and may lead to certain disadvantages. For
example, certain card shufflers may only be used for certain games,
but not for such games where a removal in stacks of the shuffled
cards is provided.
[0006] A card shuffling apparatus with an output apparatus for
retrieving cards is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,683,085 that by
way of a respective activation can be supplied from the shuffling
storage means not only with individual cards, but also with several
cards, so that an entire stack of cards can be taken from the
output apparatus.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 5,989,122 teaches a card shuffling apparatus
that also conveys entire playing card stacks to an intended output
apparatus.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 5,303,921 teaches a floating jammed shuffle
detector for use in a card shuffling machine. The detector has a
body with a card contacting portion and a sensor interactive
portion. A detector housing and a photosensor are provided. The
sensor interactive portion has an aperture of a predetermined size.
The detector, particularly the body, is reciprocally mounted in the
housing, whereby the card contacting portion of the detector
contacts the uppermost card of a deck of cards and the sensor
interactive portion is received in the photosensor. Depending on
the sensed position of the card contacting portion of the detector,
the machine receives a "reshuffle" or "proceed" command. U.S. Pat.
Nos. 6,068,258; and 5,695,189 also have disclosures on card jam
detection and recovery.
[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,014 discloses a recovery method for
recovering from a card jam in an apparatus for automatically
shuffling cards, the apparatus including a card mover for moving
the cards and sensors for monitoring movement of the cards wherein,
during normal movement, the cards are moved substantially one at a
time and the sensors are alternately blocked and unblocked. The
recovery method comprises the steps of: sensing a prolonged blocked
state thereby indicating that the card jam has occurred; altering
the normal movement of the cards; sensing an end of the prolonged
blocked state; and resuming the normal movement of the cards.
[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 6,325,373 teaches a card shuffler comprising:
a card moving mechanism; a microprocessor for controlling operation
of the card shuffler, including the card moving mechanism; memory;
a program stored in memory for controlling the card moving
mechanism; at least one detector for detecting the presence of a
card jam; in response to detecting the presence of a card jam, the
program automatically attempts to recover from the jam; and a
multi-segment display for displaying the occurrence of a card
jam.
[0011] The differentiation as to whether or not entire stacks of
cards or merely individual cards are conveyed to the output
apparatus is solved in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,683,085 and 5,989,122 by
electronic means. The output apparatuses per se remain the same and
are therefore not believed to be adaptable to the different card
games.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] Deficiencies in shuffler operation, including card jams can
be electrically or electronically identified. Various physical
events such as angular speed or linear speed of shuffler components
(e.g., shafts, rollers, pushers, grips, elevators, etc.) can be
determined in absolute or relative terms of speed. Threshold
speeds, absolute speeds or relative changes in speed can be
indicators of jamming or other performance deficiencies that
indicate substandard performance. These indicators can be used to
provide notice to an operator that such a deficiency is occurring
and that it should be addressed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0013] FIG. 1 schematically shows a card shuffler in accordance
with the present teachings in which a cover has been removed.
[0014] FIG. 2 shows a top view of a card input device for a
shuffler as shown in FIG. 1.
[0015] FIG. 3 shows some internal details of an output device for a
shuffler as shown in FIG. 1.
[0016] FIG. 4 shows a card storage component for one-by-one output
of shuffled cards from a shuffler as shown in FIG. 1.
[0017] FIG. 4A shows a top view of card storage compartment
according to FIG. 4.
[0018] FIGS. 5 and 5A show details of variants of the arrangement
of compartments of the shuffling storage compartments.
[0019] FIG. 6 shows an axonometric or perspective representation of
the shuffling storage means for a shuffler as shown in FIG. 1.
[0020] FIG. 7 shows a security container with a shuffling storage
means.
[0021] FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a card feed roller
assembly having magnetic plates to assist in detection of jams.
[0022] FIG. 9 shows a schematic of a circuit design useful with a
magnetic jam detector.
[0023] FIG. 10 shows a card feed roller assembly having a sensing
element adjacent a rotating element on a shaft.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0024] In normal operation of a shuffling device, there are moving
parts that operate to receive, move, orient, load, unload, insert,
raise, or lower a single card, group of cards, or complete sets
(e.g., decks) of cards. There are a number of reasons why these
moving parts may change their quality of movement during a
shuffling procedure. In addition to normal wear and deterioration
of components, card jams can occur, even with the best designed and
engineered products. As significant portions of the shuffling
process and the shuffling operation may be hidden from view, there
is not necessarily any visual indication that shuffling is not
properly proceeding. Waiting until well past an expected end of the
shuffling process to find that cards or hands of cards are not
being delivered is both an inefficient way of determining shuffling
status, and could lead to damage of the equipment if a
non-functional shuffling process is stressing parts and components
in the shuffler. In addition, failing to realize a shuffle did not
take place can result in a loss of revenue to the casino.
[0025] Some previous jam detection systems have evaluated blocking
and unblocking of sensors within a shuffler to determine that cards
are present or are not present at appropriate times in a shuffling
process. This has proved to be a good method for detecting certain
forms of card jams, but alternate methods are possible. It is even
possible with some alternative detection methods, which are
included and described herein, to be able to anticipate potential
apparatus breakdown and upcoming component problems with a jam
detection system.
[0026] The herein described technology for determining card jams
may be used with any of the various structures of shuffler and with
any format of shuffling, as will later become apparent. All of the
patent references noted above are incorporated herein by reference
to enable manufacture of the underlying shuffler structures that
can be used in combination with a jam detector and jam detection
methodology described herein. The proposed measures of jam
detection are therefore compatible with any shuffler that has
moving parts, including but not limited to a) modular arrangements
of the card shuffler, with an exchange of the card storage means
for the shuffled cards being possible in a simple way; b) carousel
shufflers; c) vertical or linear stacked arrays of mixing
compartments, d) ejection shufflers; e) riffle shufflers; grip and
lift insertion shufflers; and the like, as described in publicly
available literature including but not limited to the references
cited above.
[0027] An underlying aspect of the described detection technology
is that moving parts within the shuffling system are expected to
move at steady, consistent and/or repetitive rates at different
stages of the shuffling operation. By observing, detecting, noting
and/or measuring movement, acceleration or speed of movement,
performance of individual sections, parts or components of the
shuffler can be monitored from moment to moment or at specified
time intervals or times during the shuffling operation. By having
detection systems at significant or even all moving parts in the
shuffler, specific locations of potential jams or adverse shuffling
issues can be located and notice can be sent to a processor and/or
display system on the shuffler or at a distal location (e.g., to a
technician location or pit crew).
[0028] There are numerous different ways in which operation
variation of moving elements can be observed in an effort to detect
deficiencies. In addition to observing complete lack of movement of
a specific component, delayed movement, erratic movement, varied
acceleration, changing movement (within a single operation or over
time), incomplete movement, and the like can be observed. The
indications of what will be generically referred to as "speed"
(which will be inclusive by definition of linear speed, angular
speed, acceleration, start and stop movement, time of movement, and
consistency of movement) can be provided by many different
methodologies. These methods include, but are not limited to
measurement of power utilization by specific components,
measurement of torque applied to elements, measurement of forces
applied to individual elements, electronically or
electromechanically observed/detected/measured speed of elements,
magnetically detected flux alterations from moving parts, optically
(electro-optically) observed/detected/measured speeds and the like.
Descriptions of these forms of detection are provided herein.
[0029] When specific components are operating improperly, as when
cards are jammed into a specific roller pair, or when cards are not
present in a roller pair when they are intended to be present
during shuffling, local power consumption of the motor driving the
rollers will be different than expected. By measuring power
consumption of specific areas of the shuffler, jam detection can be
effected by measuring/observing/noting specific levels of change in
local power consumption within the shuffler. Where reduced power
consumption is observed, it is likely that cards have not been fed
to that location. Where a predetermined degree of increased power
consumption is noted, it is likely that one or more cards are
jammed at that location, and that the local element is expending
excess power in attempting to move the card or cards.
[0030] Similarly, measurement of torque or available force in the
movement of moving parts (rotating elements and linear moving
elements, respectively, for example) can be used to
detect/observe/measure for the occurrence of card jamming in the
shuffler. When a component (e.g., a card pusher or a set of
rollers) is operating properly, it has a power capability that can
be measured. For example, by providing a belt to a roller, the
force applied by the roller (or shaft driving the roller) can be
measured. That force is expected to be a measurable amount when the
component is moving cards and when it is not moving cards (either
in a free-rolling mode or when moving prior to receiving a card).
By measuring the torque on the shaft, it can be determined if there
is a variation in the amount of available torque that can be
explained by a card jam or lack of card feed to that component.
[0031] Similar to measurement of torque in rotational movement of
parts, linear movement of elements (such as a card pusher or
gripping element) is expected to be able to provide force in a
measurable range. If a spring or other tension element is present
which can be used to measure or observe specific linear forces and
provide a signal indicative of that force, the occurrence of events
that alter the expected force can be observed and detected, such as
where a card jam is preventing proper or complete movement of the
element or where the absence of a card allows that element to
provide greater force than expected.
[0032] Electronically or electromechanically
observed/detected/measured speed of elements can be provided with
any system that actually measures the linear or angular speed of a
component, as with a speedometer, an odometer and timing component,
distance measuring element without associated time component, and
the like associated with specific elements. For example, distance
alone can be an effective indication of a jam where a particular
element is known to have to traverse a specific distance to effect
its function (e.g., a card pusher or hand pusher must move exactly
10 centimeters to unload cards or hands). If the element is found
to be moving less than its required distance, there can be an
assumption that its movement is being blocked (as with a card jam).
Therefore, upon each operation of that element the distance it
traverses is measured, and where the measured distance is
insufficient, there is an indication of a possible card jam or
other system malfunction. Similarly, if an element is moving too
slowly or too fast, that could provide an indication that no cards
are being provided (and hence the element is moving faster than
expected) or that cards are jammed (and so the element is moving
slower because of blockage or friction from jammed cards). The
measurements may also be taken on an individual (single) movement
of an element or over time to measure an ongoing, repeated event as
the signal. As simple an element as a free rolling wheel pressing
against the moving surface can provide the distance measurements
whenever the element moves. This would be subject to wear, however
and would not be a most preferred embodiment.
[0033] In one embodiment described herein, an element on a moving
part has a measurable/detectable magnetic component to it. As is
well known, when a magnet moves, its magnetic field moves, and the
rate of the movement can be easily detected either by forces
generated on an electrical current or by the generation of an
electrical current in a conductive medium that is stationery in the
moving field. An ammeter, voltmeter, or other device can be
present. The movement of the field through an area or volume of
space (flux) can be easily measured and used as a basis for
determining if parts, especially rollers or roller shafts, are
moving properly. The magnetic elements may be provided outside the
card movement area so that detection of the flux variations can
also be made outside of the card movement area. The difference in
magnetic element location is a design feature that should improve
some attributes of the device, but location within the card
movement area is also possible.
[0034] The detection system may also be based upon optically
(electro-optically) detected movement. For example, fiduciary marks
or optically sensible marks may be placed on the outside
(especially axially end or outside) of the roller or roller shaft.
An optical reading or sensing element (e.g., a camera) observes the
movement of the marks and determines its speed (as generically
defined above). The data from the camera images can be readily used
to indicate the speed of the element, which can again reflect a
change in machine performance and especially a card jam. A strobe
light may be placed outside the moving element or on the moving
element, and the movement of the emitted light may be observed.
Combinations of these various systems may also be provided within
the shuffler to give more detailed or more sophisticated data from
which determinations of shuffler performance may be based.
[0035] Many variations and designs in shufflers, as noted above,
are possible for use in combination with the jam detection of the
present invention. With respect to a carousel-type shuffler (with a
full carousel or slots forming only a partial circle or fan of
compartments), a card storage means for the individual retrieval of
cards can be replaced for example very simply by one for the
retrieval of cards in stacks and vice-versa. Principally, the
receiving means can be provided with any desired arrangement and
can comprise beveled edge, grooved and/or spring-shaped entrances
to the respective compartments, for example with which the card
storage means and the basic body mutually engage. The positioning
or fixing of the respective elements can be provided by means of a
fixable alignment pin for example. It is also possible, however, to
provide connections by clips or snap-in connections such as
spring-loaded balls or pins as receiving means for the card storage
means which latch into respective latching recesses of the card
storage means or the basic body of the shuffler.
[0036] In one embodiment, the content of each compartment of the
shufflers storage means is securely pushed into a nip line between
two rollers during the output that convey the same into the card
storage means for the shuffled cards. This also allows shuffling
more than one card into a compartment of the shuffling storage
means and thus keeping the card shuffler relatively small. This
allows operating such a shuffler on a game table even when a larger
number of card stacks, such as six or eight, are in the game and
need to be managed. The nip rollers can either be provided with an
elastically deformable coating or be pressed in a resilient way
against one another which also allows an adjustment to the
thickness of the content of the compartment to be ejected which can
also hold several cards, e.g. a card stack with nine or more cards.
The stacks may contain zero, one or more cards at different times
in the shuffling process.
[0037] In one embodiment, the card shuffling storage means is a
drum having radially arranged compartments. The cards are held in
the individual compartments and cannot slip outwardly by
centrifugal force and thus prevent any contact of the cards with a
housing enclosing the drum. This leads to a very substantial
protection of the cards.
[0038] Moreover, in the case of any required exchange of a drum, it
is not necessary to remove the cards from the compartment of the
same. Instead, the drum including the cards contained in the same
can be exchanged.
[0039] In one embodiment, a card sensor is provided to detect the
cards used in a game. It is not only possible to check their
number, but also the card picture, as a result of which any changes
to the cards can be recognized.
[0040] Some of the exemplary embodiments of this described
technology are now explained in closer detail by reference to the
enclosed drawings, wherein:
[0041] FIG. 1 schematically shows a card shuffler S in accordance
with the present teachings in which a cover (not shown) has been
removed.
[0042] FIG. 2 shows a top view of a card input device CI for a
shuffler as shown in FIG. 1.
[0043] FIG. 3 shows some internal details of an output device OD
for a shuffler as shown in FIG. 1.
[0044] FIG. 4 shows a card storage component 42 for one-by-one
output of shuffled cards 43 from a shuffler (not shown) as shown in
FIG. 1.
[0045] FIG. 4A shows a top view of card storage compartment 42'
according to FIG. 4.
[0046] FIGS. 5 and 5A show details of variants of the arrangement
of compartments 69 of the shuffling storage compartments.
[0047] FIG. 6 shows an axonometric or perspective representation of
the shuffling storage drum 2 for a shuffler (not shown) as shown in
FIG. 1.
[0048] FIG. 7 shows a security container 63 with a shuffling
storage means.
[0049] FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a card feed roller
assembly 200 having magnetic plates 202 to assist in detection of
jams.
[0050] FIG. 9 shows a programmable Circuit Board (PIC) 11a that
contains solid state sensors.
[0051] FIG. 1 shows that on a base plate 1, a shuffling storage
element 2' is disposed on a console formed by two legs 9, which
shuffling storage element is formed by a rotatably held drum 2. The
drum 2 is connected to two disks 3 via spacers 62 (FIG. 6). The
flanges 2'' of the drum 2 are provided with compartment-like slots
or trays 69 which are designed for receiving cards. The disks 3 are
each provided with a circumferential friction engaging elements,
gearing or teeth 70. The shuffling storage means 2' can be driven
via a pinion 4 and an engaging pulley (e.g., a toothed pulley) 5
which is rigidly connected to the same and are jointly held
rotatably in plates 25, and a toothed belt 6 via a second toothed
pulley 7 and a motor 8. This motor 8 is triggered via a randomizer
and optionally also moves the shuffling storage means 2' in
mutually opposite directions, so that an oscillating movement of
the shuffling storage means 2' can occur. This oscillating movement
may also be incorporated into an automatic jam recovery movement or
sequence that can be programmed into a processor driving the
shuffler.
[0052] A reservoir 10 for discarded (unshuffled, used decks, new
decks) cards 13 is provided which is part of an input apparatus.
The reservoir 10 comprises a wedge 11 which may be rolled off by a
roller 12 which is arranged rotatably within the reservoir 10 on an
inclined floor of the reservoir 10 against two rollers 14 which
should be able to gently engage the cards on the roller surfaces,
as with a non-abrasive friction surface such as rubber or elastic
(FIG. 2). The two rollers 14 are rotatably held in the two plates
25 on a common shaft 28 and can be driven by way of two belt
pulleys 26, a toothed belt 29 as well as a belt pulley 27 via a
motor 17 jointly with the rollers 15. Two rollers 16 touch the two
rollers 15 on the circumference, so that they can be co-rotated by
surface friction.
[0053] A sensor 24 is shown to be provided as a line or pixel
sensor for recognizing the card symbol of the respectively moved
card 13. The pair of rollers 19 (only one of the pair is shown due
to the angle of view) and the pair of rollers 18 (only one of which
is shown due to the angle of view) which touch the same card on the
circumference of each roller and are each situated on shaft 30 can
be driven in the same manner as described above by motor 23.
[0054] The two levers 21 are used for the complete insertion of the
respectively moved card into a compartment 69 of the shuffling
storage means 2' and are drivable in an oscillating or reversible
manner by way of a rod 22 which is reciprocally or swivelably
connected with the lever 21 by the axle 34 by way of an eccentric
disk 23 disposed on the motor.
[0055] At least two variants are described herein for the card
storage means 42, 42' for the shuffled cards 13, which storage
means can optionally be fastened to the base plate 1 and can easily
be mutually exchanged. A receiving means is provided which
comprises two alignment pins 100 which are inserted in the base
plate 1 and on which a card storage means 42, 42' for shuffled
cards can be inserted. The card storage means 42, 42' is provided
with respective bores 102 in its base. To fix or secure the
respective card storage means 42, 42', a screw 101 is provided
which engages in a threaded bore 103 of the card storage means 42,
42'. A receiving means for the card storage means 42, 42' can also
use clip connectors to connect to the card storage means 42, 42',
or a recess can be formed in the base plate 1 into which the card
storage means 42, 42' can be inserted.
[0056] The output of cards 13 from the compartments 69 into a card
storage means 42, 42' is performed by means of two swivel arms 35
which are swivelably held in the two legs 9 and are drivable in an
oscillating manner by way of levers 37 and by way of an eccentric
disk 38 situated on a motor. The two swivel arms 35 each carry at
their upper ends an inwardly positioned rail 36 (FIG. 3) that
grasps the cards disposed in a compartment 69 and conveys them to a
nip gap of two grip rollers 40. The grip rollers 40 are held in the
plates 45 and are simultaneously drivable by a motor 41.
[0057] The grip rollers 40 convey the respectively moved cards 13
either into the card storage means 42 for the shuffled cards as
shown in FIG. 1 for a stack-by-stack removal of the cards 13, or
into a card storage means 42' for a one-by-one removal of shuffled
cards.
[0058] A card storage means 42 is substantially formed by a
U-shaped table 43 in which the cards 13 are deposited in a stack
44. The cards can be removed upwardly by the croupier
stack-by-stack if necessary.
[0059] The reservoir 42' according to FIGS. 4 and 4A is provided
for a one-by-one removal of cards 13. The cards emerging from the
nip gap of the grip rollers 40 enter the card storage means 42'
through a gap 50 which is shown to be optionally limited by an
oblique downwardly extending wall 49 and a spring-loaded shoe 47.
The cards 13, which as a group may also include several of the
cards simultaneously, are pushed between the shoe 47 and the wall
49 or the cards already disposed in the card storage means 42',
with the shoe 47 being pushed back against the force of the spring
48. The shoe 47 slides over an inclined plane of an L-shaped basic
body 46. A gap 73 remains between the lower edge of the wall 49 and
the L-shaped basic body 46, through which gap cards 13 can be
retrieved one-by-one.
[0060] As is shown in FIG. 4A, the inclined wall 49 is provided at
its lower edge with a centrally arranged recess 72 which is open on
its edge and facilitates the withdrawal of the individual cards.
The card storage means 42' is limited on the side by walls 50. The
shuffled cards can be retrieved by the croupier individually in
that the respectively foremost of the playing cards 13 is grasped
through recess 72 in the wall 49 and is pulled through the gap
73.
[0061] As is shown in FIGS. 5 and 5A, springs 51, 52 are arranged
in the compartments 69 of the shuffling storage means 2', which
springs ensure the clamping of the card(s) inserted into the
respective compartment 69.
[0062] The spring 52 is provided with a securing element such as a
bent strip or spring 55 which covers the radially outer openings of
the compartments 69 and securely prevents cards from being ejected
outwardly by centrifugal force during the rotation of the shuffling
storage means 2' or falling out if tilted in a downward
direction.
[0063] The springs 51 according to FIG. 5A are arranged as curved
or bent leaf springs and are inserted in a slot 53 of the one wall
of the compartment 69 and press against the respectively opposite
wall of compartment 69. The card inserted into the respective
compartment 69 is clamped between said spring 51 and the opposite
wall of compartment 69 and held in this way in the respective
compartment 69.
[0064] The output of the cards of a compartment 69 is carried out
in such a way that the card 13 or a stack of up to nine cards for
example is ejected by force. This is carried out by means of the
swivel arms 35 and rails 36, as already explained above. The
springs 51, 52 are deformed during the ejection of the card(s)
13.
[0065] As is shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, drum 2 rests with axle
journals 57 in receiving means of legs 9 and can be removed or
lifted from the same with ease. Since the compartments 69 are
provided with springs 51, 52, the cards 13 can remain in their
compartments during the removal of drum 2.
[0066] The drum 2 can be placed in a security container 63 (FIG. 7)
and can be transported in the same, with the container 63 being
sealable with a lid 64. For this purpose, flanges 65, 66 are
fastened on container 63 and the lid 64. This allows connecting the
container 63 with the lid 64 in a manner so as to be secure against
manipulations or to lock the same.
[0067] It has been mentioned previously that not only may card jams
be detected, but that other shuffling deficiencies may be detected
or even predicted. For example, variations in the speed of movement
of rollers can provide an indication that rollers are wearing out,
causing uneven movement of cards or eccentric movement of cards
through the shuffling device. Specific types of signals can be
interpreted by the processor as indicative of wear rather than
jamming. Power surges that are not associated with specific
movements of the elements of the shuffling device can be indicative
of a short circuit developing or occurring in the electronics or
wiring of the shuffling device. Eccentric movement of rollers or
elements on the rollers can be an indication that components have
become loose within the shuffling device and need to be secured.
Speed or force variations with specific cards in the set of cards
being shuffled (which occurrence of specific cards can be defined
by the card reading capability of the shuffling device) can be
indicative of a damaged, marked, or foreign card in the set of
cards.
[0068] FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a card moving component
200 having a rotational shaft 201 bearing a disc 203 embedded with
a plurality of magnetic elements 202 (which may also be an
optically marked element) and the disk 203 attached to the end of
the shaft 201. A detection system 204 for the magnetic field
created by the magnetic element 202 (or optical camera for an
optically marked element, not shown) is used to provide signals to
a processor (not shown).
[0069] As noted above, the jam detection system described herein
may be used with all of the various formats and designs of
shuffling devices that are known in the art, as long as there is a
moving part that can be used for detection purposes. For example,
U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,154 describes a commercial shuffler known as
the ACE.RTM. shuffler produced by Shuffle master, Inc. This device
(as described in the patent) may be variously described as an
apparatus for moving playing cards from a first group of cards into
plural groups, each of the plural groups containing a random
arrangement of cards, the apparatus comprising: a card receiver for
receiving the first group of unshuffled cards; a single stack of
card-receiving compartments generally adjacent to the card
receiver, said stack generally adjacent to and movable with respect
to the first group of cards; and a drive mechanism that moves the
stack by means of translation relative to the first group of
unshuffled cards; a card-moving mechanism between the card receiver
and the stack (preferably comprising a plurality of shaft-mounted
rollers); and a processing unit that controls the card-moving
mechanism and the drive mechanism so that a selected quantity of
cards is moved into a selected number of compartments. The
apparatus may further comprise a second card moving mechanism
adapted to empty one of the compartments after a selected quantity
of cards is moved into one of the compartments. The apparatus may
also comprise a second receiver for receiving the cards the second
card moving mechanism moves out of the compartments. The stack is
preferably vertically translatable in that design. The ACE.RTM.
shuffler may also be described as a playing card handler
comprising: a generally vertically oriented stack of mixing
compartments for accumulating cards in at least one compartment; a
microprocessor programmed to randomly select the compartment which
receives each card in a manner sufficient to accomplish randomly
arranging the cards in each compartment, wherein the microprocessor
is programmable to deliver a preselected number of cards to a
preselected number of compartments; a card staging area for
receiving a stack of cards to be handled, wherein the staging area
and stack of mixing compartments are movable with respect to each
other; a drive mechanism responsive to output signals from the
microprocessor for causing relative movement between the staging
area and the stack of mixing compartments; a card ejection device
for moving a card from the staging area into one of the mixing
compartments; and an input, operably connected to the
microprocessor, that communicates a number of game participants and
a number of cards to be dealt to each participant to the
microprocessor. The ACE.RTM. shuffler may also be described as an
apparatus for moving playing cards from an unshuffled group of
cards into a plurality of hands, each hand containing a random
arrangement of the same quantity of cards, the apparatus
comprising: a card receiver for initially receiving the unshuffled
group of cards; a single stack of card-receiving compartments
generally adjacent to the card receiver, the stack generally
vertically translatable; a card-moving mechanism between the card
receiver and the stack; and a processing unit that controls the
card-moving mechanism and the vertical movement of the stack so
that a card is moved from the receiver into a randomly selected
compartment and so that a selected number of cards are moved into a
selected number of compartments.
[0070] Another successful commercial shuffler that can incorporate
the jam detection technology described herein is the KING.RTM.
shuffler from Shuffle Master, Inc. as described in U.S. Pat. No.
6,254,096. That shuffler may be variously described as an apparatus
for continuously shuffling playing cards, said apparatus
comprising: a card receiver for receiving a first group of cards; a
single stack of card-receiving compartments generally adjacent to
the card receiver, the stack generally vertically movable, wherein
the compartments translate substantially vertically, and means for
moving the stack; a card-moving mechanism between the card receiver
and the stack (preferably comprising a plurality of shaft-mounted
rollers); a processing unit that controls the card-moving mechanism
and the means for moving the stack so that cards placed in the card
receiver are moved into selected compartments; a second card
receiver for receiving cards from the compartments; and a second
card-moving mechanism between the compartments and the second card
receiver for moving cards from the compartments to the second card
receiver. The apparatus may further comprise a second card moving
means for emptying the compartments into the second card receiver.
The apparatus may also further comprise a card present sensor
operably coupled to the second card receiver. The apparatus may
also move cards from the compartments into the second card receiver
in response to a reading from the card present sensor. The
KING.RTM. shuffler may also be described as a card handler
comprising: a card staging area for receiving cards to be handled;
a plurality of card-receiving compartments, the compartments
generally vertically stacked, and the card staging area and the
compartments are relatively movable, wherein the compartments
translate substantially vertically. The apparatus may have a card
mover generally between the staging area and the compartments for
moving a card from the staging area into one of the compartments
and a microprocessor programmed to identify each card in the
staging area and to actuate the card mover to move an identified
card to a randomly selected compartment. The microprocessor should
be programmable to deliver a selected number of cards to a
compartment; and there should be compartment moving components
responsive to the microprocessor for moving the compartments. It is
desirable to have inputs operably coupled to the microprocessor for
inputting information into the microprocessor.
[0071] The KING.RTM. shuffler may also be described as a playing
card handler comprising: a generally vertically oriented stack of
compartments for accumulating cards in at least one compartment,
wherein the compartments translate substantially vertically; a
microprocessor programmed to randomly select the compartment which
receives each card in a manner sufficient to accomplish randomly
arranging the cards in each compartment, wherein the microprocessor
is programmable to deliver a selected number of cards to a selected
number of compartments; a card staging area for receiving a stack
of cards to be handled, wherein the stack of compartments is
movable with respect to the card staging area; a first card mover
responsive to output signals from the microprocessor for moving
cards between the staging area and the stack of mixing
compartments; and a second card mover for moving cards from the
compartments to a second card receiver.
[0072] Another commercial shuffling device is known in the art as
the MD-2 (Multi-Deck 2) and is commercially available from Shuffle
Master, Inc. This shuffler is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,651,982
and may be variously described as a device that moves cards from a
first group of cards and randomly moves the cards into an
accumulating randomized set of cards by randomly separating the
randomized set of cards into at least two segments and inserting
one card at a time from the first group of cards into a space
between the two segments. The MD-2 may also be described as a
device for forming a random set of playing cards comprising: a top
surface and a bottom surface of said device; a card receiving area
for receiving an initial set of playing cards; a randomizing system
for randomizing the order of an initial set of playing cards; a
collection surface in a card collection area for receiving
randomized playing cards, the collection surface receiving cards so
that all cards are received below the top surface of the device; an
elevator for raising the collection surface so that at least some
randomized cards are elevated at least to the top surface of the
device; and an automatically moveable cover over the elevator. The
MD-2 may have the elevator raise all randomized cards above the top
surface of the device and the automatically moveable cover is
raised to allow the randomized cards to rise above the top surface
of the device. The moveable cover may be raised by an element
moving in concert with the elevator or an elevator drive system.
The card receiving area can be sloped to assist movement of playing
cards towards the randomizing system. At least one shaft-mounted
rotatable pick-off roller may remove cards one at a time from the
card receiving area and move cards one at a time towards the
randomizing system. At least one pair of rollers may receive cards
from the at least one pick-off roller.
[0073] A microprocessor controls movement of the pick-off roller
and the at least one pair of rollers. The microprocessor may be
programmed to direct the pick-off roller to cease propelling a
first card being moved by the pick-off roller when it is sensed
that the first card is being moved by the at least one pair of
rollers. When a first card being moved by the pick-off roller is
being moved by the at least one pair of rollers, movement of the
pick-off roller may be altered so that no card other than the first
card is moved by either the pick-off roller or the at least one
pair of rollers. Tension on the first card may be effected by the
at least one pair of rollers causing the pick-off roller to freely
rotate and to not propel the first card. The randomization system
may move one card at a time into an area overlying the collection
surface. The device may operate by one card at a time being
positioned into a randomized set of playing cards over the
collection surface. The collection area may be bordered on two
opposed sides by two movable card gripping elements and an
insertion point to the card collection area is located below a
bottom edge of the two movable card gripping elements. The card
collection surface may be vertically positionable within the card
collection area.
[0074] The MD-2 may be alternatively described as a device for
forming a random set of playing cards comprising: a top surface and
a bottom surface of the device; a receiving area for an initial set
of playing cards; a randomizing system for randomizing the initial
set of playing cards; a collection surface in a card collection
area for receiving randomized playing cards; an elevator for
raising the collection surface within the card collection area; and
at least one card supporting element within the card collection
area that will support a predetermined number of cards within the
card collection area and suspends at least a subgroup of cards from
the randomized cards over the card collection surface to create a
card insertion opening.
[0075] Still another format for a shuffling device is shown by the
Random Ejection Shuffling (RES) format described, by way of
example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,584,483. The RES shuffler may be
described as a shuffling device in which cards are randomly ejected
out of a first set of cards, transported to a card receiving area,
and collected on the card receiving area as a randomized set of
cards. An alternative description is as an automated playing card
shuffler comprising: an infeed array holder for holding an infeed
array of unshuffled playing cards; a shuffled array receiver for
holding a shuffled array containing shuffled playing cards; a
plurality of movable ejectors mounted adjacent the infeed array
holder for ejecting playing cards from the infeed array holder at
various card discharge positions, the playing cards ejected by the
plurality of ejectors being received in the shuffled array
receiver. The RES card shuffler may have the plurality of ejectors
mounted upon at least one ejector carriage that is movable relative
to a frame. The infeed array holder may be movable relative to a
frame. The plurality of ejectors and the unshuffled array holder
may be mounted to provide relative linear motion there between. The
RES playing card shuffler may further comprise at least one
extractor that engages playing cards that are displaced by the
plurality of ejectors. The RES playing card shuffler may still
further comprise at least one removal resistor that provides
counteractive force opposing displacement of playing cards.
[0076] FIG. 9 shows a Circuit Design that can be included within a
shuffling device as described herein for use with the magnetic jam
detectors. This circuit design can be used with a processor to
implement the operation of jam detection in a software program (as
shown in the Appendix, attached hereto) with a carousel shuffling
system as described herein.
[0077] The list of components in the Circuit Design of FIG. 9 is:
[0078] 1a) Jam Detection Sensor [0079] 2a) Tantalum Chip Capacitor
[0080] 3a) Chip Monolithic Ceramic Capacitor [0081] 4a) Actual
program that is on the microchip controller [0082] 5a) Micro Chip
(8-pin, 8 bit CMOS Microcontroller with A/D converter and EEPROM
data memory) [0083] 6a) Resistor [0084] 7a) Capacitor [0085] 9a)
Solid State Sensor (Digital Position Sensor) [0086] 10a) ZH series
Header (3 Circuit/Pin connector), The Circuit Board 11a comprises
the micro chip 5a having ports to the jam detection sensor 1a, the
tantalum chip capacitor 2a, the chip monolithic ceramic capacitor
3a, and the ZH series Header 10a. There are various solid state
sensors 9a, one shown in parallel to one of the three shown
resistors 6a. An actual program 4a is embedded in the microchip 5a.
Other elements on the circuit design, such as the capacitor 7a,
while a Press Nut 2.5 mm (used to increase thread depth, made for
plastic) is not shown on the microchip 5a.
[0087] The programmable Circuit Board (PIC) 11a contains solid
state sensors 9a. Sensor 9a senses the magnetic field created by
the three magnets (202) embedded in the disk 203. A programmable
integrated circuit 5a is provided that interprets the signals of
the magnetic sensors 9a. The software program shown in the Appendix
may be used in one example of a practice of the invention, as with
a carousel shuffling mechanism to create a signal representative of
a jam, which would be further interpreted and acted upon by the Jam
Detection Sensor 1a. The PIC sends a signal to a system control
board (not shown), and the system control board may then initiate a
jam recovery sequence or provide a visible or audible or machine
readable signal that a jam has occurred. When a jam recovery
sequence is initiated, an exemplary sequence might include the
reversing of direction of rotation of rollers, altering the
direction of movement of linear elements (including a slight
rotational, flapping, or pronating/twisting motion), and then
resuming normal movement. This reversal or alteration of normal
component movement may be practiced once, twice, thrice or a fixed
finite number of times in an attempt to clear a jam automatically.
If the predetermined or random number of recovery attempts does not
clear the jam, the microprocessor or system control board or
central processing unit sends a signal to a display that can
provide directions or a signal identifying the jam and indicating
that the operator must address the jam. The signal could be as
simple as a light, or as complex as a digital read out, LED, LCD,
plasma screen or other display that can provide alphanumeric
displays to the operator identifying the issue with sufficient
clarity (such as location of the jam, nature of the jam, severity
of the jam, etc.) so as to assist the operator.
[0088] Referring back to FIG. 8, the card moving or card drive
element 200 has a friction engaging roller 202 attached to a shaft
201. Attached to one end of the shaft 201 is a plate 203. On the
plate 203 are embedded magnets 202. Only two magnets 202 are shown
because of the perspective of the figure and another magnet being
obscured by frame 212. Supported on the frame 212 are two magnetic
field detectors 204. In one example of the invention, Hall Effect
sensors are utilized.
[0089] Although specific shuffling devices have been described and
specific components, movements, processes and formats have been
provided in the examples, it is clear that alternatives and
equivalents can be used by the skilled artisan in practicing the
technology described herein. All examples and suggestions are
intended to support generic concepts and are not intended to limit
practice of the technology unless specifically limited in the
claims. TABLE-US-00001 APPENDIX PROGRAM OF OPERATION FOR SHUFFLING
DEVICE #include "blocka11.h" //jam sensor void program_init(void);
unsigned getAdc(unsigned char channel); void delay10us(unsigned
char delay); #pragma vector = 0x04 //interrupt vector _interrupt
void Interrupt(void) {if (INTE && INTF) {INTF = OFF; if
(!running) {running = ON; lastValue = BLOCKADE_VALUE-1; // start
value actValue = BLOCKADE_VALUE-1;} else {actValue = actTimeOut;}
actTimeOut = 0; average = (lastValue + actValue) >> 1;
runningTimeOut = average * 4; if (runningTimeOut > 0xFF) // not
more than 255*4ms = 1sek runningTimeOut = 0xFF; lastValue =
actValue;} else {if (T0IE && T0IF) //timer0 interrupt every
4,096ms {T0IF = OFF; if (actTimeOut < CHAR_MAX) {actTimeOut++;}
if (runningTimeOut) runningTimeOut--; if (timer0_counter)
{timer0_counter--;} else {timer0_counter = TIMER_VALUE; //initiate
Timer_counter --> cycle of 500ms} }}} void main(void)
{program_init( ); while (1) {.sub.----clear_watchdog_timer( ); if
(encoder2Status) {if (!ENCODER2) {encoder2Status = ENCODER2;if
(!running) {running = ON; lastValue = BLOCKADE_VALUE-1; // start
value actValue = BLOCKADE_VALUE-1;} else {actValue = actTimeOut;}
actTimeOut = 0; average = (lastValue + actValue) >> 1;
runningTimeOut = average * 4; if (runningTimeOut > 0xFF) // not
more than 255*4ms = 1sek runningTimeOut = 0xFF; lastValue =
actValue;}} else {if (ENCODER2) {encoder2Status = ENCODER2;}} if
(running) {if (runningTimeOut) {if (!OUTPUT) {OUTPUT = ON;
STATUS_LED = OFF;} if (average > BLOCKADE_VALUE) //motor is
driving too slowly --> blockade {if (OUTPUT) {OUTPUT = OFF;
STATUS_LED = ON; running = OFF;}}} else {if (OUTPUT) {OUTPUT = OFF;
STATUS_LED = ON; running = OFF;}}} else {desiredTimeOut
etAdc(ADC_CHANNEL_DESIRED_TIMEOUT);}}} void program_init(void)
{.sub.----set_configuration_word(MCLRE_OFF & CP_OFF &
PWRTE_ON & WDT_ON & INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT); OPTION = 0x83;
//weak pullup disabled, interrupt on falling edge of GP2 pin
//timer0 clock internal, increment on low to high transition of GP2
pin //Prescaler = 1:16 for timer0 --> timeout of 4,096ms if (POR
== 0) //POR has been occurred {// routine after power on POR = 1;}
TRIS = TRIS_INIT; //set I/O for Ports GPIO = PORT_INIT; //initiate
output ports ADCON1 = 6; //GP0 is analog inputs ADCON0 = 0x41;
//Conversion Clock = FOsc/8, channel 0 is selected, AD on
timer0_counter = TIMER_VALUE; //initiate Timer_counter --> cycle
of 500ms encoder2Status = ENCODER2; INTCON = 0xF0; //enable global,
peripheral, timer0 and external (GP2) interrupt} unsigned
getAdc(unsigned char channel) (adcSum = 0; adcCounter = 0; ADCON0 =
0x41 | channel; //select ad channel delay10us(2); //start up adc
module and channel change do {.sub.----clear_watchdog_timer( ); GO
= ON; //start new A/D conversation .sub.----no_operation( ); while
(GO); //A/D over ? adcValue = ADRES; adcSum += adcValue;
adcCounter++; if (adcCounter == 1) //if 1st measurement, last value
is actual measurement adcLastValue = adcValue; if
((abs(adcValue-adcLastValue)) > SAMPLEERROR_ADC) {//if last
value is greater or higher SAMPLEERROR_ADC -> new measure adcSum
= 0; adcCounter = 0;} adcLastValue = adcValue;} while (adcCounter
< SAMPLES_ADC); adcSum >>= SAMPLEDIVIDOR_ADC; adcResult =
(unsigned char)adcSum; return adcResult;} void delay10us(unsigned
char delay) {unsigned char delay_counter1; for (delay_counter1=0;
delay_counter1<delay; delay_counter1++)
{.sub.----clear_watchdog_timer( ); .sub.----no_operation( );}
* * * * *