U.S. patent application number 11/217675 was filed with the patent office on 2006-03-09 for special effects with mixtures of interference pigments.
Invention is credited to Philip Linz, Qinyun Peng.
Application Number | 20060051304 11/217675 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35996478 |
Filed Date | 2006-03-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060051304 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Peng; Qinyun ; et
al. |
March 9, 2006 |
Special effects with mixtures of interference pigments
Abstract
A method of producing mixtures of interference pigments having
special effects comprises mixing at least one large particle size
interference pigment with at least one normal size interference
pigment of predetermined colors and in proportions desired to
obtain a unique effect.
Inventors: |
Peng; Qinyun; (Yorktown
Heights, NY) ; Linz; Philip; (Croton-Hudson,
NY) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MILLEN, WHITE, ZELANO & BRANIGAN, P.C.
2200 CLARENDON BLVD.
SUITE 1400
ARLINGTON
VA
22201
US
|
Family ID: |
35996478 |
Appl. No.: |
11/217675 |
Filed: |
September 2, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60606503 |
Sep 2, 2004 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/59 ;
106/31.65; 106/415; 106/499; 424/63 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C09C 2220/10 20130101;
C01P 2006/60 20130101; A61K 2800/592 20130101; A61K 8/25 20130101;
C09D 17/007 20130101; C09C 1/0024 20130101; C09C 1/0039 20130101;
C09D 11/037 20130101; A61K 8/29 20130101; C09C 1/0015 20130101;
C09C 1/0021 20130101; A61K 8/26 20130101; A61K 2800/436 20130101;
C01P 2004/61 20130101; C08K 5/0041 20130101; C09C 1/0081 20130101;
A61K 8/19 20130101; C09D 17/008 20130101; A61Q 1/02 20130101; C01P
2004/54 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/059 ;
106/031.65; 106/415; 106/499; 424/063 |
International
Class: |
C09D 11/00 20060101
C09D011/00; C09C 1/00 20060101 C09C001/00; C08K 5/00 20060101
C08K005/00; A61K 8/18 20060101 A61K008/18 |
Claims
1. A method of producing mixtures of interference pigments having
special effects comprising mixing at least one large particle size
interference pigment with at least one normal size interference
pigment of predetermined colors and in proportions desired to
obtain a unique effect.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the lasrge particle size
interference pigment has a median size (D50) of more than 40
.mu.m.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the normal particle size
interference pigment has a median size (D50) of less than 40
.mu.m.
4. A mixture of pigments as obtained by claim 1.
5. A mixture of pigments according to claim 4, wherein at least one
large particle size pigment has a non-complementary color to at
least one normal size pigment.
6. Cosmetics, personal care products, paints, coatings and printing
inks containing the mixture of pigments according to claim 1.
7. Formulations according to claim 6 containing at least one
constituent selected from absorbents, astringents, antimicrobial
substances, antioxidants, antiperspirants, antifoaming agents,
antidandruff active ingredients, antistatics, binders, biological
additives, bleaching agents, chelating agents, deodorants,
emollients, emulsifiers, emulsion stabilisers, dyes, fillers,
humectants, film formers, odour substances, flavour substances,
insect repellents, preservatives, anticorrosion agents, cosmetic
oils, solvents, oxidants, vegetable constituents, buffer
substances, reducing agents, surfactants, propellent gases,
opacifiers, UV filters and UV absorbers, denaturing agents,
viscosity regulators, perfume and vitamins.
8. Cosmetics and personal care products according to claim 5 which
are of the lipophilic or hydrophobic type.
Description
[0001] This application claims the benefit of the filing date of
U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/606,503 filed Sep. 2, 2004
which is incorporated by reference herein.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0002] This application is related to Applicants' Attorney Docket
No. EMI-66, entitled COSMETIC POWDER COMPOSITIONS HAVING LARGE
PARTICLE SIZE COLOR EFFECT PIGMENTS filed Jul. 13, 2004, U.S.
application Ser. No. 10/889,003.
[0003] This provisional application relates to mixtures of
interference pigments having novel color effects, and to articles
and compositions containing such pigments, especially cosmetic
compositions, and to methods of producing such mixtures and
products.
[0004] Interference pigments sometimes called pearlescent or
iridescent pigments, have a long history including but not limited
to natural pigments for cosmetic uses in early Egypt, the
production of artificial pearls in France in the 17th century, and
the emergence of titanium dioxide coated mica in the 1960's for
many applications, not only in cosmetics of all types, but also for
industrial uses for example, for providing decorative bottles, and
especially for the large scale production of pearlescent paints for
the automotive industry. Descriptions of interference pigments are
found in patents and pertinent literature, e.g. Pearl Lustre
Pigments, Marsch and Wiegand (translation J H Steele) 1992, verlag
moderne industrie AG & Co., D8910 Landsberg/Lech, Germany.
Special color effects have been developed, based on particular
substrates and coatings, for example, the relatively new
multi-layer interference pigments and, color travel pigments, which
change colors depending upon the viewing angle of the observer.
[0005] Acknowledging the extensive and ongoing research conducted
in this field, objects of this invention include new pigment
mixtures and methods of producing same. Upon further study of the
specification and dependent claims, other objects and advantages of
the invention will become apparent.
[0006] To achieve these objects, there is provided a method of
producing mixtures of pigments comprising at least one normal size
interference pigment with at least one large particle size
interference pigment. A large particle size interference pigment
(hereinafter synonymously referred to as glitter pigment) has a
median particle size (D50) of more than 40 .mu.m, especially more
than 60 .mu.m. The maximum D50 particle size is about 150 .mu.m,
preferably 60-120 .mu.m, but it should be noted that glitter
pigments may have a particle size of up to 250 .mu.m. Conversely,
normal (synonymously referred to as smaller) particle size
interference pigments have a D50 below 40 .mu.m, especially below
30 .mu.m, but in general should not be less than 15 .mu.m. It was
unexpected that the resultant color appearance of the mixture of
interference pigments was not only dependent on the color of each
individual pigment but also on its particle size.
[0007] Heretofore, the general color mixing rule for interference
pigments was additive mixing because the reflected light portions
from each pigment are added together, e.g. a mixture of blue and
yellow is white and the mixture of green and red is yellow. A
discovery of the present invention is that by adjusting the
particle size of different colored interference pigments that
unusual effects are obtained. The particle size difference between
normal and large interference pigments should be sufficiently
significant to minimize the color cancellation effect, for example
the difference in D50 values between the normal particle size and
the large particle size is preferably about 40-80 .mu.m. The
specific difference will be dependent on the proportions of the
normal and large particle size interference pigments in the mixture
as well as the specific colors of each particle size. If the D50 of
the normal particle size interference pigment is too small or the
proportion is too high, the luster of the large particle size
interference pigment will be significantly reduced by virtue of the
overwhelming covering power and light scattering power of the
normal particle size pigment. (The surface area of a pigment may be
used as a reference to evaluate the suitability and to optimize
color mixing.)
[0008] In order to obtain the particular effects of the invention,
the intensity of the color of the large particle size pigment,
plays an important role in color mixing, but it is the very size of
the large particle size interference pigment which is essential to
the success of the invention. It has been discovered, to the
contrary, that if one blends a normal particle size interference
pigment with an interference pigment having a smaller D50 than that
of normal size pigment, the unusual color effects are not
obtained.
[0009] To produce the desired particle size, conventional methods
are employed, for example, by sedimentation.
[0010] The chemical nature of the individual interference pigments,
aside from particle size can be varied widely, from substrate-free
pigments, to substrate-based pigments of monolayer or multilayer
metal oxide coating(s), all well known in the pertinent general and
patent literature. Particularly special effects occur when the
normal size pigment and/or the large size pigment is a color travel
pigment.
Possible Compositions of the Interference Pigments:
[0011] Suitable base substrates for substrate-based pigments
include, but are not limited to transparent flake-form substrates.
Preferred substrates are phyllosilicates. Particularly suitable are
natural and/or synthetic mica, glass flakes, SiO.sub.2 flakes,
aluminum oxides, sericite, talc, kaolin, flake-form iron oxides or
TiO.sub.2 flakes, BiOCl or other comparable materials.
[0012] The size of the base substrates can be matched to the
particular application. In general, the flake-form substrates have
a thickness of between 0.05 and 5 .mu.m, in particular between 0.1
and 4.5 .mu.m. The size in the other two directions is usually
between 1 and 550 .mu.m, preferably between 2 and 300 .mu.m, and in
particular between 5 and 250 .mu.m. As known by those skilled in
the art, the thickness of the individual layers on the base
substrate is essential for the optical properties of the pigment.
The aspect ratio (ratio of surface dimension to thickness of an
object) is preferably about 1-500, especially 40-350.
[0013] The interference pigments according to the invention have
high and/or low refractive-index layer(s) on top of the substrate.
The high-refractive-index layer(s) have a refractive index of
n>1.8, preferably of n.gtoreq.2.0. The high refractive-index
layers preferably comprise TiO.sub.2, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3,
Fe.sub.3O.sub.4, ZrO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, ZnO, BiOCl, Cr.sub.2O.sub.3,
CeO.sub.3, molybdenum oxides, CoO, Co.sub.3O.sub.4, VO.sub.2,
V.sub.2O.sub.3, NiO, V.sub.2O.sub.5, CuO, Cu.sub.2O, Ag.sub.2O,
CeO.sub.2, MnO.sub.2, Mn.sub.2O.sub.3, Mn.sub.2O.sub.5, titanium
oxynitrides, pseudobrookite, ilmenite, as well as titanium nitride,
MoS.sub.2, WS.sub.2 or mixtures or combinations thereof. The
TiO.sub.2 here can be in the rutile or anatase modification,
preferably in the rutile modification.
[0014] Suitable low-refractive-index materials (n.ltoreq.1.9) are
preferably metal oxides or the corresponding oxide hydrates, such
as, for example, SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, AlO(OH),
B.sub.2O.sub.3, MgF.sub.2, MgSiO.sub.3 or a mixture of the said
metal oxides.
[0015] Particularly interesting interference pigments have the
following layer sequences:
[0016] substrate+TiO.sub.2
[0017] substrate+Fe.sub.2O.sub.3
[0018] substrate+Fe.sub.3O.sub.4
[0019] substrate+Cr.sub.2O.sub.3
[0020] substrate+-TiO suboxide
[0021] substrate+TiO.sub.2+Fe.sub.2O.sub.3
[0022] substrate+TiO.sub.2+SiO.sub.2+TiO.sub.2
[0023] substrate+TiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.2O.sub.3
[0024]
substrate+TiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.2O.sub.3+SiO.sub.2+TiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.2O.-
sub.3
[0025] substrate+TiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.2O.sub.3+SiO.sub.2+TiO.sub.2
[0026] substrate+TiO.sub.2+SiO.sub.2+TiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.2O.sub.3
[0027]
substrate+Fe.sub.2O.sub.3+SiO.sub.2+TiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.2O.sub.3
[0028]
substrate+TiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.2O.sub.3+SiO.sub.2+Fe.sub.2O.sub.3
[0029] substrate+TiO.sub.2+SiO.sub.2+Fe.sub.3O.sub.4
[0030] substrate+Fe.sub.3O.sub.4+SiO.sub.2+TiO.sub.2
[0031] The pigments according to the invention can be prepared
relatively easily by the deposition of materials of high- and/or
low-refractive-index, having precisely defined thickness and a
smooth surface on the finely divided, flake-form substrates.
[0032] The metal-oxide layers are preferably applied by
wet-chemical methods. Methods of this type are described, for
example, in DE 14 67 468, DE 19 59 988, DE 20 09 566, DE 22 14 545,
DE 22 15 191, DE 22 44 298, DE 23 13 331, DE 25 22 572, DE 31 37
808, DE 31 37 809,DE31 51 343,DE31 51 354,DE31 51 355,DE32 11
602,DE3235 017or in further patent documents and other publications
known to the person skilled in the art. For example, in wet
coating, the substrate particles are suspended in water, and one or
more hydrolyzable metal salts are added at a pH which is suitable
for hydrolysis and which is selected so that the metal oxides or
metal oxide hydrates are precipitated directly onto the flakes
without secondary precipitations occurring. The pH is usually kept
constant by simultaneous metered addition of a base or acid. The
pigments are subsequently separated off, washed and dried and, if
desired, calcined, where the calcination temperature can be
optimized with respect to the coating present in each case. In
general, the calcination temperatures are between 250 and
1000.degree. C., preferably between 350 and 900.degree. C. If
desired, the pigments can be separated off after application of
individual coatings, dried and, if desired, calcined and then
re-suspended for the deposition of the further layers.
[0033] The coating may furthermore also take place in a
fluidized-bed reactor by gas-phase coating, it being possible, for
example, to use correspondingly the methods proposed in EP 0 045
851 and EP 0 0106 235 for the preparation of pearlescent
pigments.
[0034] The production of Ti suboxide or Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 layers can
be carried out, for example, by reduction of the TiO.sub.2 layer
using ammonia, hydrogen and also hydrocarbons and
hydrocarbon/ammonia mixtures, as described, for example, in EP-A-0
332 071, DE 199 51 696 A1 and DE 199 51 697 A1. The reduction is
preferably carried out in a forming-gas atmosphere (92% of
N.sub.2/8% of H.sub.2 or 96% of N.sub.2/4% of H.sub.2). The
reduction is generally carried out at temperatures of
250-1000.degree. C., preferably 350-900.degree. C. and in
particular 500-850.degree. C.
[0035] The hue of the pigments can be varied within conventionally
broad limits by a choice of the coating amounts and/or the layers
resulting therefrom. Fine tuning for a certain hue can be achieved
by utilizing visual or optical measurement technology.
[0036] In order to increase the light, water and weather stability,
it is frequently advisable, depending on the area of application,
to subject the finished pigment to post-coating or post-treatment.
Suitable post-coatings or post-treatments are, for example, the
processes described in German Patent 22 15 191, DE-A 31 51 354,
DE-A 32 35 017, DE-A 33 34 598, DE 40 30 727 A1, EP 0 649 886 A2,
WO 97/29059, WO 99/57204 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,255. This
post-coating further increases the chemical stability of the
pigments or simplifies the handling of the pigment, in particular
the incorporation into various media. In order to increase the
light, water and weather stability, dispersibility and/or
compatibility with the application media, it is possible for
functional coatings of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 or ZrO.sub.2 or mixtures
thereof or mixed phases to be applied to the pigment surface.
Furthermore, organic or combined organic/inorganic post-coatings
may be employed for example with silanes, as described, for
example, in EP 0090259, EP 0 634 459, WO 99/57204, WO 96/32446, WO
99/57204, U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,255, U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,851, WO
01/92425 or in J. J. Ponjee, Philips Technical Review, Vol. 44, No.
3, 81 ff. and P. H. Harding J. C. Berg, J. Adhesion Sci. Technol.
Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 471-493. Also, the interference pigments can
advantageously be used in blends with organic dyes, organic
pigments or other pigments. They can be mixed in any ratio with
commercially available pigments and fillers.
[0037] In general, all types of interference pigments can be used.
More examples of such pigments include but are not limited to those
described in published U.S. patent application 10/608,563, by
Cristoph Schmidt et al. filed Jun. 30, 2003, as well as to those
described in the patents and literature cited therein, e.g. U.S.
Pat. No. 4,434,010, JP H7-759, U.S. Pat. No. 3,438,796, U.S. Pat.
No. 5,135,812, DE 44 05 494, DE 44 37 753, DE 195 16 181 and DE 195
15 988, DE 196 18 565, DE 197 46 067 and in the literature, for
example in EURO COSMETICS, 1999, No. 8, p. 284.
[0038] It goes without saying that, for the various applications,
the mixture of interference pigments can also advantageously be
used in the form of a mixture with organic dyes, organic pigments
or other pigments, such as, for example, transparent and opaque
white, coloured and black pigments, and with flake-form iron
oxides, organic pigments, holographic pigments, LCPs (liquid
crystal polymers) and conventional transparent, coloured and black
lustre pigments based on metal oxide-coated mica and SiO.sub.2
flakes, etc. The interference pigment mixture according to the
invention can be mixed in any ratio with commercially available
pigments and fillers. Preferred fillers are for example, natural
and synthetic mica, nylon powder, pure or filled melamine resins,
talc, glasses, kaolin, oxides or hydroxides of aluminium,
magnesium, calcium, zinc, BiOCl, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate,
calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, carbon, and physical or
chemical combinations of these substances. There are no
restrictions regarding the particle shape of the filler. It can be,
for example, flake-form, spherical or needle-shaped in accordance
with requirements.
[0039] The pigments according to the invention are compatible with
a multiplicity of color systems, preferably from the area of
cosmetics and personal care products, paints, coatings and printing
inks. It is important to appreciate that the present invention is
applicable for all applications where a decorative effect is
desired.
[0040] As merely one example among all the applications described
in patents and pertinent literature, the compositions of this
invention can be used in the form of a liquid cosmetic formulation
for application to nails or skin. Examples of such cosmetic
formulation include but are not limited to: nail lacquer, bath oil,
shower gel, body wash, shampoos, conditioner, liquid soap, skin
cleanser, hand sanitizer, sunless tanning foam and lotion, skin
cream and lotion, body lotion, liquid eye make up, liquid
foundation, hair gel, hydrogel, styling gel, lip products, such as
lip gloss, lipstick. Also, the composition of this invention can be
used in formulations, such as for example, foundation (liquid and
stick), face makeup such as cream-to-powder, eye highlighter, eye
pencil, bronzing stick, blusher, powder makeup, lip powder, face
powder, body powder and, bronzing powder etc.
[0041] The formulations comprising the interference pigment mixture
according to the invention can belong to the lipophilic,
hydrophilic or hydrophobic type. In the case of heterogeneous
formulations having discrete aqueous and non-aqueous phases, the
interference pigment mixtures according to the invention may in
each case be present in only one of the two phases or alternatively
distributed over both phases.
[0042] The invention relates, in particular, to formulations which,
besides the interference pigment mixture according to the
invention, comprise at least one constituent selected from
absorbents, astringents, antimicrobial substances, antioxidants,
antiperspirants, antifoaming agents, antidandruff active
ingredients, antistatics, binders, biological additives, bleaching
agents, chelating agents, deodorants, emollients, emulsifiers,
emulsion stabilisers, dyes, humectants, film formers, odour
substances, flavour substances, insect repellents, preservatives,
anticorrosion agents, cosmetic oils, solvents, oxidants, vegetable
constituents, buffer substances, reducing agents, surfactants,
propellent gases, opacifiers, UV filters and UV absorbers,
denaturing agents, viscosity regulators, perfume and vitamins.
[0043] The above or following description of the multitude of
pigments that can be used is not intended to be exclusive since
there are a wide variety of interference pigments that have been
developed and which will be developed in the future. This invention
is based on a finding that the mixture of a large particle size
interference pigment with a small particle size interference
pigment can yield highly unusual effects, especially when using
non-complementary colors.
[0044] As to the proportions of the normal and large particle size
interference pigments, it is contemplated that all proportions will
be utilizable, for example in part by weight 99:1 to 1:99,
especially 75:25 to 25:75, depending on the specific particle size
of each type of pigment, the color of each type of pigment, the D50
difference in particle sizes, etc., in order to obtain the desired
color effect.
[0045] For details of other interference pigments, reference is
invited to patents and the pertinent literature. Irrespective of
the nature of the individual pigments, the present invention can be
utilized by merely mixing at least one large particle size pigment
with at least one normal size pigment of a different color.
[0046] Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled
in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the
present invention to its fullest extent. The following preferred
specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely
illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure
in any way whatsoever.
[0047] In the foregoing and in the following examples, all
temperatures are set forth uncorrected in degrees Celsius and, all
parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise
indicated.
[0048] The following examples show the results of mixing normal
and/or large particle size interference pigments (D50>60 .mu.m).
For convenience, these large particle size interference pigments
are also called glitter interference pigments in the examples. For
Timiron.RTM. Super Color pigments and Timiron.RTM. Splendid Color
pigments, their particle size range is 10-60 .mu.m and D50 is 18-25
.mu.m. To demonstrate the color mixing effect more effectively,
mixtures are drawdowned on Leneta cards respectively in a
nitrocellulose lacquer. The color over black is photographed at the
luster angle to show the luster of the mixture.
[0049] As a disclaimer, it is to be noted that one or more examples
may have not been actually conducted.
EXAMPLE 1
[0050] Mixing two interference pigments of complementary colors
(with the same particle size range) in 1 to 1 ratio by weight.
[0051] Referring to FIG. 1, when Timiron.RTM. Super Blue is blended
with Timiron.RTM. Super Gold, the interference colors of the blue
and gold pigments are no longer visible due to color cancellation
(according to the color mixing rule). On the other hand, on the
right hand side of FIG. 1, when experimental glitter interference
blue and gold pigments (both D50 about 74 .mu.m) are mixed
together, the blue and gold luster colors of pigment particles are
discernable macroscopically. This mixture renders the so called
multi-color effect.
[0052] Similar results are obtained for the mixtures of green and
red interference pigments in normal or large particle size.
Therefore, a multi-color effect can be created by mixing large
particle size interference pigments.
EXAMPLE 2
[0053] Mixing two interference pigments of complementary colors
(one with large particle size and the other with normal particle
size) in 1 to 1 ratio by weight.
[0054] The luster color of the mixture depends on the color choice
of large particle size pigments and is shown below.
[0055] Referring to FIG. 2, the first mixture consists of
experimental glitter interference gold (D50.about.74 .mu.m) and
Timiron.RTM. Splendid Blue. Since the intensity of interference
gold color is normally higher than that of blue, the sparkling gold
pigment particles can be seen clearly in the environment of smooth
blue luster pigment. This mixture has a very attractive color and
no significant color cancellation is observed. In the second case
(on the right hand side of FIG. 2), when experimental glitter
interference blue (D50.about.74 .mu.m) is blended with Timiron.RTM.
Splendid Gold, we are able to see blue luster from some of the
pigment particles, but the color is quite dull when compared to the
intense interference gold color. This mixture gives a less
impressive color.
[0056] Referring to FIG. 3, the same is true again for blending red
and green interference pigments of normal and large particle sizes.
The luster color of the mixture of experimental glitter
interference red (D50.about.74 .mu.m) and Timiron.RTM. Splendid
Green (D50.about.22 .mu.m) is rather different from that of the
mixture of experimental glitter interference green (D50.about.74
.mu.m) and Timiron.RTM. Splendid Red (D50.about.22 .mu.m).
[0057] The examples show that it is possible to create a product
consisting of complementary interference colors by mixing a large
particle size pigment with a normal size pigment of complementary
color to minimize the color cancellation. However, this cannot be
accomplished by mixing different D50 fractions of normal particle
size pigments. Additionally, the choice of color for the large
particle size pigment is important.
EXAMPLE 3
[0058] Mixing two interference pigments of non-complementary colors
(one with large particle size and the other with normal particle
size) in 1 to 1 ratio by weight.
[0059] Referring to FIG. 4, some unexpected highly attractive color
effects are generated by this type of mixing. When experimental
glitter interference red (D50.about.74 .mu.m) and Timiron.RTM.
Splendid Blue (D50.about.22 .mu.m) are mixed together, the luster
color of the mixture becomes bluish magenta and is surprisingly
striking. In addition, the sparkling luster of the experimental
glitter red interference pigment can be seen clearly as well.
Whereas, when experimental glitter interference blue (D50.about.74
.mu.m) is mixed with Timiron.RTM. Splendid Red, the color effect of
the mixture is still red, but less vivid and no magenta luster
color is developed.
[0060] This example demonstrates the importance of choosing the
color of the large particle size pigment in order to achieve a
specific color effect.
[0061] The compositions of the various pigments referred to in the
above examples are tabulated as follows: TABLE-US-00001 Particle
Size Range Description INCI name D50 (.mu.m) (.mu.m) Timiron
Splendid Blue titanium dioxide, mica, silica 18.about.25
10.about.60 Timiron Splendid Gold titanium dioxide, mica, silica
18.about.25 10.about.60 Timiron Splendid Green titanium dioxide,
mica, silica 18.about.25 10.about.60 Timiron Splendid Red titanium
dioxide, mica, silica 18.about.25 10.about.60 Experimental Glitter
Interference Blue mica, titanium dioxide 60.about.100 10.about.150
Experimental Glitter Interference Gold mica, titanium dioxide
60.about.100 10.about.150 Experimental Glitter Interference Green
mica, titanium dioxide 60.about.100 10.about.150 Experimental
Glitter Interference Red mica, titanium dioxide 60.about.100
10.about.150
In substantially the same manner, other mixtures are producible, as
below, the percentage being in percent by weight of each pigment of
a mixture in a nitrocellulose lacquer.
[0062] 1. 2% Colorona.RTM. Glitter Copper/2% Timiron.RTM. Splendid
Green: glitter copper particle is clearly visible over a green
background
[0063] 2. 2% Large particle size color travel (Green blue/Lilac)/2%
Xirona.RTM. Magic Mauve: the color travel effect of Xiron.RTM.
Magic Mauve is dominating.
[0064] 3. 2% Large particle size color travel (Green blue/Lilac)/2%
Xirona.RTM. Nordic Sunset: the color travel effect of Xironao
Nordic Sunset is dominating.
[0065] 4. 2% Large particle size color travel (Red/Gold)/2%
Experimental Glitter Interference Blue: the color travel effect is
unchanged and the blue background is clearly visible, very
interesting color effect.
[0066] 5. 2% Large particle size color travel (Red/Gold)/1%
Experimental Glitter Interference Blue: similar effect as 4.
[0067] 6. 2% Xirona.RTM. Volcanic Fire/2% Experimental Glitter
Interference Blue: color travel effect from Xirona Volcanic Fire is
modified.
[0068] 7. 2% Xirona.RTM. Volcanic Fire/1% Experimental Glitter
Interference Blue: similar as 6, except the color travel effect was
changed less dramatically.
[0069] 8. 2% Large particle size color travel (Red/Gold)/2%
Experimental Glitter Interference Green: color travel effect
remains, multi-color effect is created, very interesting color
effect.
[0070] 9. 2% Large particle size color travel (Red/Gold)/1%
Experimental Glitter Interference Green: similar as 8
[0071] 10. 2% Xirona.RTM. Volcanic Fire/2% Experimental Glitter
Interference Green: color travel effect from Xirona.RTM. Volcanic
Fire is greatly diminished.
[0072] 11. 2% Xirona.RTM. Volcanic Fire/1% Experimental Glitter
Interference Green: similar as 10.
[0073] 12. 2% Experimental Glitter Interference Red/2% Timiron.RTM.
Splendid Gold: The gold color overwhelms the red.
[0074] 13. 2% Experimental Glitter Interference Red/0.5%
Timiron.RTM. Splendid Gold: interesting color effect.
[0075] 14. 2% Reflecks.TM. Beams of Blue/2% Reflecks.TM. Gleams of
Gold: similar effect as shown in example 1.
[0076] 15. 2% Reflecks.TM. Beams of Blue/2% Experimental Glitter
Interference Gold: similar effect as shown in example 1 except that
the blue color from experimental glitter interference blue is more
apparent.
[0077] 16. 2% Reflecks.TM. Gleams of Gold/2% Experimental Glitter
Interference Blue: the gold color dominates.
[0078] 17. 2% Experimental Glitter interference Green/2%
Reflecks.TM. Dimensions Sparkling Red: similar effect as described
in example 1.
[0079] With respect to the preceding tables, the compositions of
the various pigments are listed as follows: TABLE-US-00002 Particle
Size Range Description INCI name D50 (.mu.m) (.mu.m) Colorona .RTM.
Glitter Copper mica, iron oxides 65.about.82 10.about.150 Timiron
.RTM. Splendid Gold titanium dioxide, mica, silica 18.about.25
10.about.60 Timiron .RTM. Splendid Green titanium dioxide, mica,
silica 18.about.25 10.about.60 Xirona .RTM. Magic Mauve silica,
titanium dioxide, tin oxide 16.about.22 5.about.50 Xirona .RTM.
Nordic Sunset silica, titanium dioxide, tin oxide 16.about.23
5.about.50 Xirona .RTM. Volcanic Fire titanium dixodixe, silica,
mica 19.about.25 10.about.60 Experimental Glitter Interference Blue
mica, titanium dioxide 60.about.100 10.about.150 Experimental
Glitter Interference Gold mica, titanium dioxide 60.about.100
10.about.150 Experimental Glitter Interference Green mica, titanium
dioxide 60.about.100 10.about.150 Experimental Glitter Interference
Red mica, titanium dioxide 60.about.100 10.about.150 Large particle
size color travel mica, titanium dioxide, .about.85 10.about.150
(Green blue/Lilac) silica, tin oxide Large particle size color
travel mica, titanium dioxide, .about.85 10.about.150 (Red/Gold)
silica, tin oxide Reflecks .TM. Beams of Blue borosilicate,
titanium dioxide .about.94 4.about.190 Reflecks .TM. Gleams of Gold
borosilicate, titanium dioxide .about.94 4.about.190 Reflecks .TM.
Dimensions Sparkling Red borosilicate, titanium dioxide
75.about.100
[0080] The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and
publications, cited herein and of corresponding U.S. Provisional
Application Ser. No. 60/606,503, filed Sep. 2, 2004 are
incorporated by reference herein.
[0081] The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success
by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants
and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the
preceding examples.
[0082] From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can
easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention
and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make
various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to
various usages and conditions.
* * * * *