U.S. patent application number 11/209233 was filed with the patent office on 2006-03-02 for lubricating oil compositions.
Invention is credited to Laurent Chambard, Minh Doan, Laura Kosidowski.
Application Number | 20060046941 11/209233 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34930587 |
Filed Date | 2006-03-02 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060046941 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Chambard; Laurent ; et
al. |
March 2, 2006 |
Lubricating oil compositions
Abstract
Use of an oil-soluble hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate as
an antiwear additive in a lubricating oil composition. The
oil-soluble hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate has the
following structure: ##STR1## wherein n is 0 to 10, preferably 1 to
8, more preferably 2 to 6, and most preferably 3 to 5; Y is a
divalent bridging group, and is preferably a hydrocarbyl group,
preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and R is a hydrocarbyl
group having from 4 to 30, preferably 8 to 18, and most preferably
9 to 15 carbon atoms.
Inventors: |
Chambard; Laurent;
(Englewood, NJ) ; Kosidowski; Laura; (Marlborough,
GB) ; Doan; Minh; (Witney, GB) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Infineum USA L.P.
1900 E. Linden Ave.
P.O. Box 710
Linden
NJ
07036
US
|
Family ID: |
34930587 |
Appl. No.: |
11/209233 |
Filed: |
August 23, 2005 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/585 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10N 2040/255 20200501;
C10N 2030/52 20200501; C10M 2207/24 20130101; C10M 2207/028
20130101; C10N 2030/06 20130101; C10M 163/00 20130101; C10N 2020/04
20130101; C10M 2219/087 20130101; C10M 129/14 20130101; C10M
2209/101 20130101; C10M 2215/28 20130101; C10M 2223/045 20130101;
C10N 2020/071 20200501; C10N 2030/08 20130101; C10M 2219/046
20130101; C10M 165/00 20130101; C10N 2060/14 20130101; C10M
2207/023 20130101; C10M 2207/262 20130101; C10N 2010/04 20130101;
C10M 2207/024 20130101; C10M 2207/028 20130101; C10N 2010/04
20130101; C10M 2219/046 20130101; C10N 2010/04 20130101; C10M
2223/045 20130101; C10N 2010/04 20130101; C10M 2207/028 20130101;
C10N 2010/04 20130101; C10M 2219/046 20130101; C10N 2010/04
20130101; C10M 2223/045 20130101; C10N 2010/04 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/585 |
International
Class: |
C10M 129/14 20060101
C10M129/14; C10M 145/20 20060101 C10M145/20 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Aug 26, 2004 |
EP |
04255130.9 |
Claims
1. A method for enhancing antiwear properties of a lubricating
composition, which method comprises: blending an oil-soluble
hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate and a lubricating oil, the
oil-soluble hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate having the
following structure: ##STR3## wherein n is 0 to 10; Y is a divalent
bridging group; and R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 4 to 30
carbon atoms.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil composition
is suitable for use in a marine diesel engine.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde
condensate has a number average molecular weight in the range of
800 to 4500.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the condensate includes less than
5.0% mass of unreacted hydrocarbyl phenol.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde
condensate is produced by the condensation reaction between at
least one aldehyde or ketone or reactive equivalent thereof and a
hydrocarbyl phenol, in the presence of an acid catalyst.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbyl group in the
hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate is branched.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde
condensate is a hydrocarbyl phenol formaldehyde condensate.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde
condensate is tetrapropenyl phenol formaldehyde condensate.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil composition
includes at least one of the following additives: a detergent, a
dispersant, an antioxidant, an antiwear additive, a pour point
depressant, an antifoaming agent, a viscosity index improver, a
dye, a metal deactivator, a demulsifier, or a mixture thereof.
Description
[0001] This invention concerns lubricating oil compositions, in
particular, lubricating oil compositions for use in marine diesel
engines such as marine diesel cylinder engines.
[0002] Lubricating oil compositions for use in marine diesel
cylinder engines are known as marine diesel cylinder lubricant
(`MDCL`) compositions. They are total loss lubricants and their
purpose is to provide a strong oil film between the cylinder liner
and the piston rings. Marine diesel cylinder lubricant compositions
need to withstand high operating temperatures and pressures, such
as, for example, temperatures of 300.degree. C. and above and
firing pressures of 150 bar and above. If the lubricant composition
breaks down under these high operating temperatures and pressures,
the internal walls of the cylinder liner will be subjected to
excessive adhesive wear (i.e. scuffing).
[0003] The aim of the present invention is to provide a lubricating
oil composition for a marine crosshead diesel engine. A further aim
of the present invention is to provide a marine diesel lubricating
oil composition that exhibits goods resistance to high temperatures
and pressures, such as, for example, temperatures as high as
300.degree. C. and above and pressures as high as 150 bar and
above, and can provide improved protection against scuffing of the
cylinder liners.
[0004] In accordance with the present invention there is provided
use of an oil-soluble hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate as an
antiwear additive in a lubricating oil composition, the oil-soluble
hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate having the following
structure: ##STR2## wherein n is 0 to 10, preferably 1 to 8, more
preferably 2 to 6, and most preferably 3 to 5; Y is a divalent
bridging group, and is preferably a hydrocarbyl group, preferably
having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and R is a hydrocarbyl group
having from 4 to 30, preferably 8 to 18, and most preferably 9 to
15 carbon atoms.
[0005] The inventors have surprisingly found that the use of an
oil-soluble hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate in a lubricating
oil composition reduces wear in a marine diesel engine. The wear is
preferably adhesive wear. The marine diesel engine is preferably a
marine diesel cylinder engine.
[0006] The hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate is preferably a
hydrocarbyl phenol formaldehyde condensate. The hydrocarbyl phenol
aldehyde condensate is preferably metal-free. The hydrocarbyl
phenol aldehyde condensate is preferably sulphur-free.
[0007] The term "hydrocarbyl" as used herein means that the group
concerned is primarily composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms and is
bonded to the remainder of the molecule via a carbon atom, but does
not exclude the presence of other atoms or groups in a proportion
insufficient to detract from the substantially hydrocarbon
characteristics of the group. The hydrocarbyl group is preferably
composed of only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Advantageously, the
hydrocarbyl group is an aliphatic group, preferably alkyl or
alkylene group, especially alkyl groups, which may be linear or
branched. R is preferably an alkyl or alkylene group. R is
preferably branched.
[0008] In accordance with the present invention, there is also
provided a method of improving the wear reducing properties of a
lubricating oil composition, the method including the step of
adding the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate defined above to
the lubricating oil composition.
[0009] The lubricating oil composition preferably has a TBN of
greater than 55, more preferably greater than 60, even more
preferably greater than 65, as determined by ASTM D2896.
[0010] The hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate preferably has a
weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 800 to 4500,
preferably 1100 to 4200, more preferably 1300 to 4000, most
preferably 1700 to 3800, as measured by MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted
Laser Desorption Ionization--Time of Flight) Mass Spectrometry.
[0011] The hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate is preferably
obtainable by the condensation reaction between at least one
aldehyde or ketone or reactive equivalent thereof and at least one
hydrocarbyl phenol, in the presence of an acid catalyst such as,
for example, an alkyl benzene sulphonic acid. The product is
preferably subjected to stripping to remove any unreacted
hydrocarbyl phenol, preferably to less than 5.0% by mass, more
preferably to less than 3.0% by mass, even more preferably to less
than 1.0% by mass, of unreacted hydrocarbyl phenol. Most
preferably, the product includes less than 0.5%, such as, for
example, less than 0.1%, by mass of unreacted hydrocarbyl
phenol.
[0012] Although a basic catalyst can be used, an acid catalyst is
preferred. The acid catalyst may be selected from a wide variety of
acidic compounds such as, for example, phosphoric acid, sulphuric
acid, sulphonic acid, oxalic acid and hydrochloric acid. The acid
may also be present as a component of a solid material such as an
acid treated clay. The amount of catalyst used may vary from 0.05
to 10% or more, such as for example 0.1 to 1%, by mass of the total
reaction mixture.
[0013] In particular, the hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate is
preferably branched dodecyl phenol formaldehyde condensate, such
as, for example, a tetrapropenyl phenol formaldehyde
condensate.
[0014] The hydrocarbyl phenol aldehyde condensate is preferably
used in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from
0.1 to 20 mass %, more preferably from 0.2 to 15 mass %, even more
preferably from 0.5 to 12 mass %, and most preferably from 1 to 10
mass %, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition.
[0015] The lubricating oil composition includes an oil of
lubricating viscosity.
Oil of Lubricating Viscosity
[0016] The oil of lubricating viscosity (sometimes referred to as
lubricating oil) may be any oil suitable for the lubrication of a
marine diesel engine. The lubricating oil may suitably be an
animal, a vegetable or a mineral oil. Suitably the lubricating oil
is a petroleum-derived lubricating oil, such as a naphthenic base,
paraffinic base or mixed base oil. Alternatively, the lubricating
oil may be a synthetic lubricating oil. Suitable synthetic
lubricating oils include synthetic ester lubricating oils, which
oils include diesters such as di-octyl adipate, di-octyl sebacate
and tridecyl adipate, or polymeric hydrocarbon lubricating oils,
for example liquid polyisobutene and poly-alpha olefins. Commonly,
a mineral oil is employed. The lubricating oil may generally
comprise greater than 60, typically greater than 70, mass % of the
composition, and typically have a kinematic viscosity at
100.degree. C. of from 2 to 40, for example for 3 to 15,
mm.sup.2s.sup.-1 and a viscosity index of from 80 to 100, for
example from 90 to 95.
[0017] Another class of lubricating oils is hydrocracked oils,
where the refining process further breaks down the middle and heavy
distillate fractions in the presence of hydrogen at high
temperatures and moderate pressures. Hydrocracked oils typically
have a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of from 2 to 40, for
example from 3 to 15, mm.sup.2s.sup.-1 and a viscosity index
typically in the range of from 100 to 110, for example from 105 to
108.
[0018] The term `brightstock` as used herein refers to base oils
which are solvent-extracted, de-asphalted products from vacuum
residuum generally having a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C.
of from 28 to 36 mm.sup.2s.sup.-1 and are typically used in a
proportion of less than 30, preferably less than 20, more
preferably less than 15, most preferably less than 10, such as less
than 5, mass %, based on the mass of the composition.
[0019] Preferably, the oil of lubricating viscosity is present in
the lubricating oil composition in an amount greater than 40 mass
%, more preferably greater than 50 mass %, more preferably greater
than 60 mass %, and most preferably greater than 65 mass %, based
on the mass of the lubricating oil composition.
Detergents
[0020] The lubricating oil composition preferably includes at least
one metal-containing detergent. A detergent is an additive that
reduces formation of piston deposits, for example high-temperature
varnish and lacquer deposits, in engines; it has acid-neutralizing
properties and is capable of keeping finely divided solids in
suspension. It is based on metal "soaps", that is metal salts of
acidic organic compounds, sometimes referred to as surfactants.
[0021] The detergent comprises a polar head with a long hydrophobic
tail. The polar head comprises a metal salt of a surfactant. Large
amounts of a metal base are included by reacting an excess of a
metal compound, such as an oxide or hydroxide, with an acidic gas
such as carbon dioxide to give an overbased detergent which
comprises neutralized detergent as the outer layer of a metal base
(e.g. carbonate) micelle.
[0022] The metal may be an alkali or alkaline earth metal such as,
for example, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium and
magnesium. Calcium is preferred.
[0023] The surfactant may be a salicylate, a sulphonate, a
carboxylate, a phenate, a thiophosphate or a naphthenate. Metal
salicylate is the preferred metal salt.
[0024] The detergent may be a complex/hybrid detergent prepared
from a mixture of more than one metal surfactant, such as a calcium
alkyl phenate and a calcium alkyl salicylate. Such a complex
detergent is a hybrid material in which the surfactant groups, for
example phenate and salicylate, are incorporated during the
overbasing process. Examples of complex detergents are described in
the art (see, for example, WO 97/46643, WO 97/46644, WO 97/46645,
WO 97/46646 and WO 97/46647).
[0025] Surfactants for the surfactant system of the metal
detergents contain at least one hydrocarbyl group, for example, as
a substituent on an aromatic ring. The term "hydrocarbyl" as used
herein means that the group concerned is primarily composed of
hydrogen and carbon atoms and is bonded to the remainder of the
molecule via a carbon atom, but does not exclude the presence of
other atoms or groups in a proportion insufficient to detract from
the substantially hydrocarbon characteristics of the group.
Advantageously, hydrocarbyl groups in surfactants for use in
accordance with the invention are aliphatic groups, preferably
alkyl or alkylene groups, especially alkyl groups, which may be
linear or branched. The total number of carbon atoms in the
surfactants should be at least sufficient to impact the desired
oil-solubility. Advantageously the alkyl groups include from 5 to
100, preferably from 9 to 30, more preferably 14 to 20, carbon
atoms. Where there is more than one alkyl group, the average number
of carbon atoms in all of the alkyl groups is preferably at least 9
to ensure adequate oil-solubility.
[0026] The detergents may be non-sulphurized or sulphurized, and
may be chemically modified and/or contain additional substituents.
Suitable sulphurizing processes are well known to those skilled in
the art.
[0027] The detergents may be borated, using borating processes well
known to those skilled in the art.
[0028] The detergents preferably have a TBN of 50 to 500,
preferably 100 to 400, and more preferably 150 to 350.
[0029] The detergents may be used in a proportion in the range of
0.5 to 30, preferably 2 to 20, or more preferably 5 to 19, mass %
based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition.
Dispersants
[0030] The lubricant composition preferably includes at least one
dispersant. A dispersant is an additive for a lubricating
composition whose primary function in lubricants is to accelerate
neutralization of acids by the detergent system.
[0031] A noteworthy class of dispersants are "ashless", meaning a
non-metallic organic material that forms substantially no ash on
combustion, in contrast to metal-containing, hence ash-forming,
materials. Ashless dispersants comprise a long chain hydrocarbon
with a polar head, the polarity being derived from inclusion of,
e.g., an O, P or N atom. The hydrocarbon is an oleophilic group
that confers oil-solubility, having for example 40 to 500 carbon
atoms. Thus, ashless dispersants may comprise an oil-soluble
polymeric hydrocarbon backbone having functional groups that are
capable of associating with particles to be dispersed.
[0032] Examples of ashless dispersants are succinimides, e.g.
polyisobutene succinic anhydride; and polyamine condensation
products that may be borated or unborated.
[0033] The dispersants may be used in a proportion in the range of
0 to 10.0, preferably 0.5 to 6.0, or more preferably 1.0 to 5.0,
mass % based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition.
Antiwear Additives
[0034] The lubricating oil composition may include at least one
further antiwear additive. Dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal
salts constitute a preferred class of antiwear additive. The metal
in the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal may be an alkali or
alkaline earth metal, or aluminum, lead, tin, molybdenum,
manganese, nickel or copper. Zinc salts are preferred, preferably
in the range of 0.1 to 1.5, preferably 0.5 to 1.3, mass %, based
upon the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. They may be
prepared in accordance with known techniques by first forming a
dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid (DDPA), usually by reaction of
one or more alcohol or a phenol with P.sub.2S.sub.5 and then
neutralizing the formed DDPA with a zinc compound. For example, a
dithiophosphoric acid may be made by reacting mixtures of primary
and secondary alcohols. Alternatively, multiple dithiophosphoric
acids can be prepared comprising both hydrocarbyl groups that are
entirely secondary in character and hydrocarbyl groups that are
entirely primary in character. To make the zinc salt, any basic or
neutral zinc compound may be used but the oxides, hydroxides and
carbonates are most generally employed. Commercial additives
frequently contain an excess of zinc due to use of an excess of the
basic zinc compound in the neutralization reaction.
[0035] The preferred zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates are
oil-soluble salts of dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acids and may
be represented by the following formula: [(RO)(R.sup.1O)
P(S)S].sub.2 Zn where R and R.sup.1 may be the same or different
hydrocarbyl radicals containing from 1 to 18, preferably 2 to 12,
carbon atoms and including radicals such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl,
arylalkyl, alkaryl and cycloaliphatic radicals. Particularly
preferred as R and R.sup.1 groups are alkyl groups of 2 to 8 carbon
atoms. Thus, the radicals may, for example, be ethyl, n-propyl,
1-propyl, n-butyl, 1-butyl, sec-butyl, amyl, n-hexyl, 1-hexyl,
n-octyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, 2-ethylehexyl, phenyl,
butylphenyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclopentyl, propenyl, butenyl. In
order to obtain oil-solubility, the total number of carbon atoms
(i.e. in R and R.sup.1) in the dithiophosphoric acid will generally
be 5 or greater. The zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate can
therefore comprise zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates.
[0036] The further antiwear additive may be used in a proportion in
the range of 0.1 to 1.5, preferably 0.2 to 1.3, or more preferably
0.3 to 0.8, mass % based on the mass of the lubricating oil
composition.
[0037] The lubricating oil composition may also include at least
one of the following additives: an antioxidant, a pour point
depressant, an antifoaming agent, a viscosity index improver, a
dye, a metal deactivator, a demulsifier, or a mixture thereof.
[0038] It may be desirable, although not essential, to prepare one
or more additive packages or concentrates comprising the additive
or additives, which can be added simultaneously to the oil of
lubricating viscosity (or base oil) to form the lubricating oil
composition. Dissolution of the additive package(s) into the
lubricating oil may be facilitated by solvents and by mixing
accompanied with mild heating, but this is not essential. The
additive package(s) will typically be formulated to contain the
additive(s) in proper amounts to provide the desired concentration,
and/or to carry out the intended function in the final formulation
when the additive package(s) is/are combined with a predetermined
amount of base lubricant. The additive package may contain active
ingredients in an amount, based on the additive package, of, for
example, from 2.5 to 90, preferably from 5 to 75, most preferably
from 8 to 60, mass % of additives in the appropriate proportions,
the remainder being base oil.
[0039] The final formulations may typically contain about 5 to 40
mass % of the additive packages(s), the remainder being base
oil.
[0040] The term `active ingredient` (a.i.) as used herein refers to
the additive material that is not diluent.
[0041] The term `oil-soluble` as used herein does not necessarily
indicate that the compounds or additives are soluble in the base
oil in all proportions. It does mean, however, that it is, for
instance, soluble in oil to an extent sufficient to exert the
intended effect in the environment in which the oil is employed.
Moreover, the additional incorporation of other additives may also
permit incorporation of higher levels of a particular additive, if
desired.
[0042] The lubricant compositions of this invention comprise
defined individual (i.e. separate) components that may or may not
remain the same chemically before and after mixing.
[0043] The following examples illustrate, but in no way limit, the
invention.
EXAMPLES
Preparation of Hydrocarbyl Phenol Aldehyde Condensates
[0044] TABLE-US-00001 Reaction Components Hydrocarbyl Phenol
Aldehyde Condensates 1158 Mw 1663 Mw 1839 Mw 3692 Mw Dodecylphenol
2200 g 2200 g 2200 g 2200 g Sulphonic Acid 22 g 22 g 22 g 22 g
Catalyst Paraformaldehyde 170 g 209 g 221 g 330 g Water 550 g 550 g
550 g 550 g Heptane 831 g 831 g 831 g 831 g
Method
[0045] Add the dodecylphenol, sulphonic acid catalyst,
paraformaldehyde, water and heptane to a 5 L baffled reactor with
stirrer (200 rpm), nitrogen blanket (600 ml/min), condenser, Dean
and Stark trap, a temperature controlling system, and
Cardice/Acetone trap vacuum system. Heat the reaction components
from ambient to 80.degree. C. over 30 minutes, then heat further
from 80 to 100.degree. C. over 2 hours and remove water by
azeotropic distillation. Remove residual heptane and dodecyl phenol
from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure at 200.degree. C.
Finally, decrease the temperature to 120.degree. C. and add an
appropriate quantity of ESN 150 to produce a product with the
desired polymer concentration. (Mw refers to weight average
molecular weight.)
Lubricating Oil Compositions
[0046] The following lubricating oil compositions were prepared and
tested using the HFRR test.
[0047] The HFRR or High Frequency Reciprocating Rig Test is a
computer controlled reciprocating oscillatory friction and wear
test system for the wear testing of lubricants under boundary
lubrication conditions. An electromagnetic vibrator oscillates a
steel ball over a small amplitude while pressing it with a load of
10N against a stationary steel disk. The lower, fixed disk is
heated electrically and is fixed below the lubricant under test.
The temperature is ramped from 80.degree. C. to 380.degree. C. in
15 minutes. The lubricity of the fluid is evaluated by measuring
the wear scar on the steel ball in micrometres at the end of test.
The lower the wear scar on the steel ball, the better the anti-wear
protection of the lubricant when two metal surfaces are
experiencing boundary lubrication conditions. In addition, as the
temperature is ramped from 80 to 380.degree. C., the friction
coefficient does not increase as long as satisfactory oil film
exists between the two metal surfaces. At a certain temperature,
the friction coefficient starts increasing sharply, indicating that
the oil film is breaking down and the metal surfaces are
experiencing direct contact to an extent to cause the friction
coefficient to start increasing with temperature. The higher the
temperature at which this turning point in the friction coefficient
occurs, the better the protection of the cylinder liner from
adhesive wear. TABLE-US-00002 High Temperature HFRR: improved wear
protection Comparative Comparative Comparative Formulation Example
1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 1 410BN Calcium 14.00 14.00 14.00
14.00 sulphonate/ phenate 258BN Calcium 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 phenate
Highly borated 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 dispersant Primary ZDDP 0.50
0.50 0.50 0.50 C12 branched -- 3.00 -- -- alkyl phenol Sulphurised
C12 -- -- 3.00 -- branched alkyl phenol Phenol aldehyde -- -- --
3.00 condensate, Mw 1663 Base oil 77.5 74.5 74.5 74.5 Kinematic
19.00 17.79 18.98 19.45 viscosity @ 100 C., cSt Base number, 71.1
79.9 71.6 71.8 D2896, mgKOH/g HFRR wear scar 201.5 242 207 194
average, .mu.m. Comparative Comparative Comparative Formulation
Example 1 Example 4 Example 5 Example 2 410BN Calcium 14.00 14.00
14.00 14.00 sulphonate/ phenate 258BN Calcium 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
phenate Highly borated 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 dispersant Primary ZDDP
0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 C12 branched -- 8.00 -- -- alkyl phenol
Sulphurised -- -- 8.00 -- branched alkyl phenol Phenol aldehyde --
-- -- 8.00 condensate, Mw 1663 Base oil 77.5 69.5 69.5 69.5
Kinematic 19.00 16.85 19.20 20.54 viscosity @ 100 C., cSt Base
number, 71.1 79.0 72.4 72.6 D2896, mgKOH/g HFRR wear scar 201.5
227.5 212.5 197.5 average, .mu.m
[0048] As shown above, examples 1 and 2 exhibit less wear in the
HFRR test than comparative examples 1-5.
[0049] The following examples show the use of phenol aldehyde
condensates with different weight average molecular weights (Mw):
TABLE-US-00003 Formulation Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 410BN
Calcium 17.40 17.40 17.40 sulphonate/phenate detergent Borated
dispersant 3.00 3.00 3.00 Antirust agent, 0.80 0.80 0.80 p-nonyl
phenoxy tetra ethoxy ethanol Phenol aldehyde 8.00 -- -- condensate,
Mw 1158 Phenol aldehyde -- 8.00 -- condensate, Mw 1839 Phenol
aldehyde -- -- 8.00 condensate, Mw 3692 Base oil 70.80 70.80 70.80
Kinematic viscosity 20.73 21.95 23.17 @ 100 C., cSt Base number,
73.87 73.57 72.09 D2896, mgKOH/g HFRR, temperature 223.3 238.5
258.3 of minimum friction coefficient, .degree. C. Formulation
Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 410BN Calcium 17.40 17.40 17.40
sulphonate/phenate detergent Borated dispersant 3.00 3.00 3.00
Antirust agent, 0.80 0.80 0.80 p-nonyl phenoxy tetra ethoxy ethanol
Phenol aldehyde 3.00 -- -- condensate, Mw 1158 Phenol aldehyde --
3.00 -- condensate, Mw 1839 Phenol aldehyde -- -- 3.00 condensate,
Mw 3692 Base oil 75.8 75.8 75.8 Kinematic viscosity 19.30 19.83
20.53 @ 100 C., cSt Base number, 73.31 73.05 73.35 D2896, mgKOH/g
HFRR, temperature 221.6 228.5 249.7 of minimum friction
coefficient, .degree. C. Formulation Example 9 Example 10 Example
11 410BN Calcium 14.00 14.00 14.00 sulphonate/phenate detergent
258BN Calcium 5.00 5.00 5.00 phenate Borated dispersant 3.00 3.00
3.00 Primary ZDDP 0.50 0.50 0.50 Phenol aldehyde 3.00 -- --
condensate, Mw 1158 Phenol aldehyde -- 3.00 -- condensate, Mw 1839
Phenol aldehyde -- -- 3.00 condensate, Mw 3692 Base oil 74.5 74.5
74.5 Kinematic viscosity 19.25 19.70 20.02 @ 100 C., cSt Base
number, 72.21 71.76 72.25 D2896, mgKOH/g HFRR, temperature 362.8
363.1 375.1 of minimum friction coefficient, .degree. C.
[0050] The above tables show that as the weight average molecular
weight (Mw) of the phenol aldehyde condensate increases, so does
the temperature of minimum friction coefficient (.degree. C.).
* * * * *