U.S. patent application number 11/268315 was filed with the patent office on 2006-02-23 for method and apparatus for offering a flat rate gaming session with optional game features.
Invention is credited to James A. Jorasch, Robert C. Tedesco, Jay S. Walker.
Application Number | 20060040725 11/268315 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35910300 |
Filed Date | 2006-02-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060040725 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Walker; Jay S. ; et
al. |
February 23, 2006 |
Method and apparatus for offering a flat rate gaming session with
optional game features
Abstract
A wagering method is provided that allows players to purchase a
gaming session comprising a plurality of game outcomes at a flat
rate price. The number of game outcomes available in the bulk
purchase gaming session may be a function of time in lieu of a
specified number of game outcomes. In order to increase the
attractiveness of the bulk purchase of the gaming outcomes,
contracts can be offered with options for player selectable
features. These features may provide, in some embodiments, (i)
enhanced awards for winning game outcomes, and/or (ii) enhanced
probability of obtaining a winning game outcome. These optional
game play features may be selected individually and integrated into
the game offered under the contract. The cost of these optional
game play features is either integrated into the overall cost of
the contract or priced on an individual basis. In some embodiments,
these optional game features may be provided to a player for no
additional consideration (e.g., as a prize, bonus, consolation
prize, or reward). Consequently, a player is able to customize the
base game to the individual players preferences.
Inventors: |
Walker; Jay S.; (Ridgefield,
CT) ; Jorasch; James A.; (New York, NY) ;
Tedesco; Robert C.; (Fairfield, CT) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Michael P. White
Five High Ridge Park
Stamford
CT
06905
US
|
Family ID: |
35910300 |
Appl. No.: |
11/268315 |
Filed: |
November 7, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60627670 |
Nov 12, 2004 |
|
|
|
60679138 |
May 9, 2005 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
463/16 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G07F 17/3244 20130101;
G07F 17/32 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
463/016 |
International
Class: |
A63F 9/24 20060101
A63F009/24 |
Claims
1. A wagering method on a gaming device comprising: presenting a
gaming contract to a player for a gaming session, the gaming
contract having a contract price; offering a game feature for the
gaming session as an option to the gaming contract, the game
feature having an option price; recognizing a payment for the
contract price and the option price; and providing the gaming
session with the game feature in accordance with the contract.
2. The wagering method of claim 1, wherein the game feature
provides a greater probability of a winning game outcome.
3. The wagering method of claim 1, wherein the game feature
provides a larger award for a winning game outcome with the game
feature than without the game feature.
4. The wagering method of claim 1, wherein the game feature makes a
bonus game available.
5. The wagering method of claim 4, wherein the game feature makes a
bonus game available as a function of the credit balance.
6. The wagering method of claim 1, wherein the game feature makes
the player eligible for a progressive jackpot award.
7. The wagering method of claim 1, wherein the game feature limits
the magnitude of a negative credit balance.
9. The wagering method of claim 1, wherein the game feature limits
a credit balance to a maximum negative credit value regardless of
the game outcomes.
10. The wagering method of claim 9, wherein the credit balance is
reset at a predetermined negative credit balance.
11. The wagering method of claim 10, wherein the credit balance is
reset to zero.
12. The wagering method of claim 9, wherein the credit balance is
reset during a specified portion of the gaming session.
13. A wagering method on a gaming device comprising: presenting a
gaming contract to a player for a gaming session, the gaming
contract having a contract price, the gaming session having a pay
back percentage; offering a game feature for the gaming session as
an option to the gaming contract; receiving a selection of the
gaming contract and the option; recognizing a payment for the
contract price; adjusting the gaming session with the game feature
to hold the pay back percentage substantially constant; and
providing the gaming session with the game feature in accordance
with the contract.
14. The wagering method of claim 13, wherein the step of adjusting
the gaming session includes altering a probability table.
15. The wagering method of claim 13, wherein the step of adjusting
the gaming session includes altering a pay table.
16. A wagering method on a gaming device comprising: presenting a
gaming contract to a player for a gaming session, the gaming
contract having a contract price; recognizing a payment for the
contract price; providing the gaming session in accordance with the
contract; and implementing a game feature associated with the
gaming session in response to a trigger event.
17. The wagering method of claim 16, wherein the trigger event is a
predetermined game outcome.
18. The wagering method of claim 16, wherein the game feature is a
bonus game.
19. The wagering method of claim 16, wherein the game feature
provides a greater probability of a winning game outcome.
20. The wagering method of claim 16, wherein the game feature
provides a larger award for a winning game outcome with the game
feature than without the game feature.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority of: [0002]
U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/627,670, filed on
Nov. 12, 2004 and entitled GAMING DEVICE OFFERING A FLAT RATE PLAY
SESSION AND METHODS THEREOF, the contents of which is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety herein for all purposes;
and [0003] U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/679,138
filed on May 9, 2005 and entitled SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND APPARATUS
FOR FACILITATING A FLAT RATE PLAY SESSION ON A GAMING DEVICE, the
contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its
entirety herein for all purposes.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The present invention relates to game playing apparatus and
methods, and in particular to wagering methods that provide flat
rate pricing for a gaming session of predetermined duration.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0005] Gaming has become an increasingly important industry in the
United States and around the world. In games of chance, a player
typically places a wager on one or more games, and receives a
payout or loses his wager based on the outcome of the game and/or
the wager. Examples of devices for games of chance include, without
limitation, video poker gaming machines, mechanical slot machines,
and video slot machines. These gaming devices use random numbers to
develop game outcomes that can be probabilistically determined.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] Traditionally, players making a wager to receive a single
game outcome, and after each game outcome, must make an additional
wager to receive another game outcome. Consequently, each game is
purchased on an individual basis. It would be advantageous to allow
players to make a bulk purchase of game outcomes to simplify
wagering on gaming devices, as well as to provide methods for
providing individually selectable game play options that can be
integrated into a base game as part of the bulk purchase of game
outcomes.
[0007] In accordance with the present invention, there is provided
a method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for providing a
gaming session using a gaming device. In one embodiment, the method
includes identifying at least one price parameter, determining a
flat rate price based upon the at least one identified price
parameter, and initiating a flat rate gaming session of the gaming
device upon receiving an indication of payment of the flat rate
price. The flat rate gaming session spans a pre-established
duration. A duration may comprise, for example, a specified amount
of time and/or a specified number of game plays (e.g., handle pulls
of a slot machine).
[0008] In accordance with one embodiment, the flat rate gaming
session may be purchased by means of purchasing a contract from a
casino, wherein the contract specifies terms such as, for example,
a price to be paid by the purchaser for the contract, a duration of
play of a gaming device, and a threshold of credits above which the
player may collect winnings from a gaming device. The terms of the
contract may be determined based on player-selected price
parameters and/or operator controlled price parameters. In some
embodiments, such a contract may involve a third party that acts as
an insurer.
[0009] In one embodiment, a player may select game play options
that provide advantageous, or at least different, game play
mechanics that can be integrated into the base game offered by the
contract. These optional game play mechanics may provide enhanced
awards or an enhanced probability of a winning game outcome. These
optional game play mechanics may, in one embodiment, be purchased
for an additional fee that is added to the contract price. In
another embodiment, access to such optional game play mechanics may
be won by a player (e.g., as a bonus) or provided on a
complementary basis. Alternately, the player may customize the game
play and the selected options may be factored into the cost of the
contract (i.e., the cost of the options is integrated into the
overall cost of the contract). These options allow a player to
customize the game to their own preferences, increasing the
entertainment value of the game for the player.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] Various embodiments of the present invention are described
herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the
drawings, like reference numerals indicate identical or
functionally similar elements. The leftmost digit(s) of a reference
numeral typically identifies the figure in which the reference
numeral first appears. As will be understood by those skilled in
the art, the drawings and accompanying descriptions presented
herein indicate some exemplary arrangements. Similarly, the
illustrated entries represent exemplary information, but those
skilled in the art will understand that the number and content of
the entries can be different from those illustrated herein. A brief
description of the drawings follows.
[0011] FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of a system according to
one embodiment of the present invention, including a slot machine
and a slot network server;
[0012] FIG. 2a is a schematic view of the slot machine of FIG.
1;
[0013] FIG. 2b is a plan view of the slot machine of FIG. 1;
[0014] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the slot network server of
FIG. 1;
[0015] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a casino player database of
the server of FIG. 3;
[0016] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the flat rate database of the
slot machine of FIG. 2;
[0017] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the payout table of the slot
machine of FIG. 2;
[0018] FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the calculation table of the
slot machine of FIG. 2;
[0019] FIGS. 8a and 8b are overall flow diagrams of the operation
of the system of FIG. 1;
[0020] FIG. 9 is a detailed flow diagram of the operation of the
system of FIG. 1;
[0021] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of the process of terminating play
of the system of FIG. 1;
[0022] FIGS. 11a and 11b are flow diagrams of the process of
resuming play of the system of FIG. 1;
[0023] FIGS. 12a and 12b are overall flow diagrams of the operation
of another embodiment of the present invention;
[0024] FIG. 13 is a flow diagram of the process of receiving a
payout in the embodiment of FIG. 12;
[0025] FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the flat rate price package
database of the slot machine of FIG. 2;
[0026] FIG. 15 is an overall flow diagram of the operation of
another embodiment of the present invention;
[0027] FIG. 16 is an overall schematic view of a system according
to another embodiment of the present invention;
[0028] FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the casino server of FIG.
16;
[0029] FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the insurer device of FIG.
16;
[0030] FIG. 19 is schematic view of the gaming device of FIG.
16;
[0031] FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the player device of FIG.
16;
[0032] FIG. 21 is a table illustrating an embodiment of the player
database stored in the casino server of FIG. 17;
[0033] FIG. 22 is a table illustrating an embodiment of the gaming
device database stored in the casino server of FIG. 17;
[0034] FIG. 23 is a table illustrating an embodiment of the
contract database stored in the casino server of FIG. 17;
[0035] FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating a process in accordance
with one embodiment of the present invention, the process
corresponding to the system illustrated in FIG. 16; and
[0036] FIG. 25 is a table illustrating optional game play mechanics
available with the gaming session.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0037] Certain preferred embodiments of the present invention will
now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Although
the embodiments discussed herein are directed to reel slot
machines, it should be understood that the present invention is
equally applicable to other gaming devices, such as video poker
machines, video blackjack machines, video roulette, video keno, and
the like.
[0038] The present invention is directed generally to a method and
apparatus for operating a gaming device having a flat rate gaming
session. As used herein, flat rate gaming session is defined as a
period of play wherein the player need not make funds available for
any play during the gaming session. The flat rate gaming session
spans multiple plays of the gaming device. These multiple plays are
aggregated into intervals or segments of play. It is to be
understood that the term interval as used herein could be time,
handle pulls, and any other segment in which slot machine play
could be divided. For example, two hours, one hundred spins, fifty
winning spins, etc. A player enters player identifying information
and player-selected price parameters at a gaming device. The price
parameters define the flat rate gaming session, describing the
duration of play, machine denomination, active jackpots, etc. The
gaming device stores the player-selected price parameters and
proceeds to retrieve the flat rate price of playing the gaming
device for the flat rate gaming session. The player-selected price
parameters, in combination with operator price parameters,
determine the flat rate price. Should the player decide to pay the
flat rate price, the player simply deposits that amount into the
gaming device or makes a credit account available for the gaming
device to debit. For example, it might cost twenty-five dollars to
play for half an hour.
[0039] Once the player initiates play, the gaming device tracks the
flat rate gaming session and stops the play when the session is
completed, usually when a time limit has expired. During the gaming
session, the player is not required to deposit any coins. Payouts
are made either directly to the player in the form of coins or
indirectly in the form of credits to the credit balance stored in
the machine. It should be understood that the player balance could
be stored in a number of mediums, such as smart cards, credit card
accounts, debit cards, and hotel credit accounts.
[0040] With reference to FIG. 1, a system 100 according to one
embodiment of the present invention is shown. In general, the
system 100 comprises multiple slot machines 102 and a slot network
server 106. In the present embodiment, each slot machine 102, which
is uniquely identified by a machine identification (ID) number,
communicates with the slot network server 106 via a slot network
104. The slot network 104 is preferably a conventional local area
network controlled by the server 106. It is to be understood,
however, that other arrangements in which the slot machines 102
communicate with the server 106 are within the scope of the present
invention.
[0041] As will be described in detail below, in one embodiment, the
slot machine 102 communicates player identifying information to the
slot network server 106. The slot network server 106, in turn,
verifies the player identifying information.
[0042] The slot server network 116 may have a data storage device
124 for storing data in a flat rate database 146 and a player
database 144. The data storage device 124 may also contain
additional databases related to player tracking as well as
information related to contract pricing of flat rate gaming
sessions. A kiosk 110 may also be available for obtaining contracts
and contract information for flat rate gaming sessions. A
peripheral device server 112 may be available to provide additional
communication capabilities between peripheral devices 114. These
peripheral devices 114 may include player tracking devices,
additional screen displays, ticket readers and printers, etc.
[0043] The slot machine 102 also calculates a flat rate price based
on both player-selected and casino determined price parameters and
displays the flat rate price to the player. The player may then
accept the flat rate price and initiate play. In another
embodiment, the present invention may be practiced without server
106, in an arrangement in which the slot machine 102 calculates the
flat rate price.
[0044] With reference to FIG. 2a, the slot machine 102 will now be
described in detail. The slot machine 102 contains a Central
Processing Unit (CPU) 210, a clock 212, and an operating system 214
(typically stored in memory as software). The CPU 210 executes
instructions of a program stored in Read Only Memory (ROM) 216 for
playing the slot machine 102. The Random Access Memory (RAM) 218
temporarily stores information passed to it by the CPU 210 during
play. Also in communication with the CPU 210 is a Random Number
Generator (RNG) 220.
[0045] With respect to gaming operations, the slot machine 102
operates in a conventional manner. The player starts the machine
102 by inserting a coin-into coin acceptor 248, or using electronic
credit, and pressing the starting controller 222. Under control of
a program stored, for example in a data storage device 224 or ROM
216, the CPU 210 initiates the RNG 220 to generate a number. The
CPU 210 looks up the generated random number in a stored
probability table 226, which contains a list that matches random
numbers to corresponding outcomes, and finds the appropriate
outcome. Based on the identified outcome, the CPU 210 locates the
appropriate payout in a stored payout table 228. The CPU 210 also
directs a reel controller 230 to spin reels 232, 234, 236 and to
stop them at a point when they display a combination of symbols
corresponding to the appropriate payout. When the player wins, the
machine stores the credits in RAM 218 and displays the current
balance in video display area 238. In an alternate embodiment, the
slot machine 102 dispenses the coins to a payout tray (not shown),
and in another embodiment, the slot network server 106 stores the
player credits.
[0046] A hopper controller 240 is connected to a hopper 242 for
dispensing coins. When the player requests to cash out by pushing a
cashout button (not shown) on the slot machine 102, the CPU 210
checks the RAM 218 to see if the player has any credit and, if so,
signals the hopper controller 240 to release an appropriate number
of coins into a payout tray (not shown). A coin acceptor 248 is
also coupled to the CPU 210. Each coin received by the coin
acceptor 248 is registered by the CPU 210.
[0047] In alternate embodiments, the slot machine 102 does not
include the reel controller 230 and reels 232, 234 and 236.
Instead, a video display area 238 graphically displays
representations of objects contained in the selected game, such as
graphical reels or playing cards. These representations are
preferably animated to enhance the display of the selected
game.
[0048] Also in communication with the CPU 210 is a player tracking
device 260. The tracking device 260 comprises a card reader 266 for
reading player-identifying information stored on a player-tracking
card. As used herein, the term player identifying information
denotes any information or compilation of information that uniquely
identifies a player. In the present embodiment, the identifying
information is a player identification (ID) number. Although not so
limited, the player-tracking card of the present embodiment stores
the player ID on a magnetic strip located thereon. Such a magnetic
strip and device to read the information stored on the magnetic
strip are well known.
[0049] The player-tracking device 260 also includes a display 262
and a player interface 264. The player interface 264 may include a
keypad and/or a touch-screen display. In operation, as discussed
below, the slot machine 102 displays a message prompting the player
to enter player-selected price parameters. In the present
embodiment, a player may enter the player-selected price parameters
via the player interface 264. Because the player interface 264 is
part of the tracking device 260, it is, therefore, in communication
with the CPU 210. Alternatively, input of selected price parameters
may be accomplished through video display area 238 if it is
configured with touch screen capabilities.
[0050] The slot machine 102 also includes a series of bet buttons
272, 274, 276. The bet buttons include "Bet 1 coin" 272, "Bet 2
coins" 274, and "Bet 3 coins" 276. The bet buttons 272, 274, 276
are coupled to the CPU 210. Therefore, pressing one transmits a
signal to the CPU 210 indicating how much a player is wagering on a
given play.
[0051] The databases stored in the data storage device 224 include
a probability table 226, a calculation table 227, a payout table
228, a flat rate price package database 229, and a flat rate
database 246. As discussed in detail below, the flat rate database
246 and the calculation table 227 store information related to the
flat rate gaming session and calculation of the flat rate price,
respectively. The flat rate price package database 229 stores
information describing different pre-established flat rate packages
as custom designed by the casino.
[0052] Also connected to the CPU 210 is a slot network interface
250. The slot network interface 250 provides a communication path
from the slot machine 102 to slot network server 106 through the
slot network 104. Thus, as discussed in detail below, information
is communicated between the player-tracking card, player tracking
device 260, slot machine 102, and slot network server 106.
[0053] With reference to FIG. 2b, the plan view of slot machine
102, will now be described below. FIG. 2b depicts slot machine 102
displaying player-selected price parameter options on video display
area 238. Included in the displayed parameters is the amount
wagered per play 712, interval 714, duration of interval 722, and
active pay combinations 720. As will be described further below,
after the player has selected the desired price parameters, the
slot machine 102 displays a flat rate price 724. Once the player
has accepted the flat rate price and made the appropriate funds
available, play may commence.
[0054] The slot network server 106 will now be described in detail
with reference to FIG. 3. Like the slot machine 102 of FIG. 2, the
slot network server 106 has a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 310.
The CPU 310, which has a clock 312 associated therewith, executes
instructions of a program stored in Read Only Memory (ROM) 320.
During execution of the program instructions, the CPU 310
temporarily stores information in the Random Access Memory (RAM)
330.
[0055] Additionally, the CPU 310 is coupled to a data storage
device 340, having a flat rate database 246, transaction processor
342, and a casino player database 344. In general, the transaction
processor 342 manages the contents of the data storage devices 340.
As discussed in detail below, the casino player database 344 stores
information specific to each player, including player identifying
information.
[0056] In order to communicate with the slot machines 102, the slot
network server 106 also includes a communication port 350. The
communication port 350 is coupled to the CPU 310 and a slot machine
interface 360. Thus, the CPU 310 can control the communication port
350 to receive information from the data storage device 340 and RAM
330 and transmit the information to the slot machines 102 and vice
versa.
[0057] It is to be understood that because the slot machines 102
are in communication with the slot network server 106, information
stored in a slot machine 102 may be stored in the server 106 and
vice versa. Thus, for example, in an alternate embodiment, the
server 106 rather than the slot machine 102 includes the payout
table 228, flat rate database 246, and/or calculation table
227.
[0058] The casino player database 344 of the present embodiment, as
shown in FIG. 4, includes multiple records having multiple fields
of information. Specifically, the casino player database 344
comprises multiple records, each record being associated with a
particular player, as identified by a player identification (ID)
number. The fields within each record include player identification
(ID) number 410, social security number 412, name 414, address 416,
telephone number 418, credit card number 420, credit balance 422,
complimentary information, such as total accumulated complimentary
points 424, whether the player is a hotel guest 426, player status
rating 428, and value of interval remaining 430. Having information
related to one field, such as player ID 410, allows the slot
network server 106 to retrieve all information stored in
corresponding fields of that player record.
[0059] It is to be understood that not all of these identifying
fields are necessary for operation of the present embodiment. For
example, the name 414, social security number 412, address 416,
telephone number 418, credit card number 420, and hotel guest 426
fields are merely representative of additional information that may
be stored and used for other purposes. In one embodiment, credit
card number 420 and hotel guest 426 are used for billing purposes
and social security number 412 is used to generate tax forms when a
player wins a jackpot over a given amount.
[0060] Complimentary points awarded 424 is further illustrative of
additional information a casino may store in a player's record. As
described below, a player's complimentary points are displayed to
the player when a player-tracking card is inserted into the slot
machine 102. In an alternate embodiment, such points may be used in
addition, or as an alternative to the credit balance 422 stored in
RAM 218 of slot machine 102.
[0061] The player status rating 428 contains information
representative of the particular player's relative importance to
the casino, as based upon the frequency and duration of the
player's visits, the amount of money wagered, and the like.
[0062] The value of interval remaining field 430 stores the value
of interval remaining in a flat rate gaming session when a player
terminates the gaming session prior to its expiration. This field
will be described in detail below.
[0063] The flat rate database 246 will now be described in detail
with reference to FIG. 5. The flat rate database 246 comprises
multiple records, each record pertaining to the flat rate gaming
session of a particular player, as identified by that player's ID
number. Consequently, one field in flat rate database 246 is the
player ID number field 510. Other fields include player-selected
price parameters 512, flat rate price 514, interval remaining 516,
time audit data 518, and machine identification (ID) number field
520. The machine ID number field 520 contains the machine ID number
that uniquely identifies the slot machine 102. It is to be
understood that since both the casino player database 244 and the
flat rate database 246 include a player ID field, 410 and 510,
respectively, the system 100 can correlate any player information
stored in the casino player database 344, with any player
information stored in the flat rate database 246.
[0064] The payout table 228 will now be described in detail with
reference to FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 6, the payout table 228 of
the present embodiment can be logically represented by five fields
of related information. The first field, a pay combination field
610, identifies the set of possible pay combinations for a given
slot machine 102. Such possible pay combinations include winning
pay combinations, or those in which a payout results, and
non-winning pay combinations, in which the player receives no
payout and consequently loses the amount wagered. Winning pay
combinations include, for example, "DOUBLE JACKPOT-DOUBLE
JACKPOT-DOUBLE JACKPOT" and "BAR-BAR-BAR." The pay combinations
field 610 also includes a "NON-WINNING OUTCOMES" record, an entry
representing the outcomes that result in no payout to the player,
such as "PLUM-BELL-ORANGE."
[0065] The payout table 228 also includes three payout fields 620,
630, 640. Such payout fields 620, 630, 640 contain the payout
information for each of the possible pay combinations identified in
the pay combinations field 610. Each of the payout fields 620, 630,
640 is identified by the number of coins wagered on a particular
play, as selected via the bet buttons 272, 274, 276. In the present
embodiment, payout table 228 contains a "1 coin" payout field 620,
which is accessed when one coin is wagered, a "2 coins" payout
field 630, which is accessed when two coins are wagered, and a "3
coins" payout field 640, which is accessed when three coins are
wagered. In other words, each field 620, 630, 640 corresponds to a
bet button 272, 274, 276, respectively. The payout information
provides the number of coins won upon the occurrence of a
particular pay combination. Thus, "CHERRY-CHERRY-CHERRY" pays out
ten coins when one coin is wagered.
[0066] Finally, the payout table 228 of the present embodiment
includes a pay combination status field 650. The pay combination
status field 650 includes an indication for each winning pay
combination, identified in the pay combination field 610, of
whether the player is eligible to win the payout for each outcome.
As will be described below, the determination of whether a player
is eligible to win a payout for a given outcome is made by the
player as part of the player-selected price parameters.
[0067] The calculation table 227 will now be described in detail
with reference to FIG. 7. The calculation table 227 is used by the
system 100 in determining the flat rate price 724 (field 514 in the
flat rate database 246) charged to the player. Specifically, the
calculation table 227 contains multiple price parameters that are
correlated to a flat rate price 724. More specifically, these price
parameters include player-selected price parameters and operator
selected price parameters. In general, player-selected price
parameters include any game related variable that defines the flat
rate gaming session. Furthermore, operator selected price
parameters are parameters that the operator of the slot machines
102 selects as affecting the flat rate price 724. Thus, in the
present embodiment, the player-selected price parameters in the
calculation table 227 include machine type 710, amount wagered per
play 712, active pay combinations 720, and length of the flat rate
gaming session 722. The operator selected price parameters in the
calculation table 227 include player status rating 714, time of day
716, day of the week 718, and machine usage 719. In the present
embodiment, the flat rate price 724 is predetermined based upon the
aforementioned price parameters and stored in the calculation table
227, as will be described later in FIGS. 14 and 15. In an alternate
embodiment, the flat rate price 724 is calculated based upon these
parameters as needed according to a price algorithm stored in
memory. For example, the price algorithm may operate as
follows:
Algorithm for Calculating a Flat Rate Price.
[0068] The are any number of algorithms that could be used to
calculate a flat rate price, and they can be generally described as
calculating an expected value to the customer and then adding in a
margin for the casino or adjusting the price to reflect the time of
day, value of the customer, etc.
[0069] The first step is to determine a "base" flat rate price. The
following method is one way to determine the flat rate price of a
contract. Alternative methods will also be presented that provide
greater incentive for establishing a flat rate play session. These
alternative methods for flat rate play can be priced lower because
of the mechanics of flat rate game play (i.e., starting at zero
credits with the potential to accumulate negative credits). The
"base" flat rate price can be calculated as follows: Base
Price=[(amount wagered).times.(interval)].times.[(expected coins
awarded for all active pay combinations over a cycle/expected
coin-in over a cycle)].
[0070] For example, the following Base Price calculation represents
a player selecting three-dollar coins per handle pull, an interval
of 500 handle pulls, and the top three active pay combinations. For
this example, we will assume that a complete cycle of the slot
machine is 10,648 unique outcomes and that the top three pay
combinations would pay 2,160 coins over that cycle. Note also that
the expected coins awarded for all active pay combinations over a
cycle and the expected coin-in over the cycle should both reflect
the same number of coins wagered. Essentially, this ratio reflects
the expected monetary return to the payer on a per coin wagered
basis. When multiplied by the amount wagered and the number of
handle pulls, the number reflects the amount of money that the
player would be expected to receive from the machine over the
interval specified. It should be noted that this amount of money is
not necessarily the number of coins entered by the player but
rather is the theoretical number of coins of play allowed by the
flat rate session. Continuing with the calculation: Base .times.
.times. Price = [ ( $3 ) .times. ( 500 ) ] .times. [ ( 2 .times. ,
.times. 160 .times. / .times. 10 .times. , .times. 648 ) ] = $1
.times. , .times. 500 .times. .202855 = $304 .times. .28
##EQU1##
[0071] Note that if the player were to pay this Base Price he would
be essentially getting a fair bet for his money. He would pay
$304.28 for the session and expect (over the long run) to get
$304.28 back in prize money from the top three active pay
combinations. Of course, in the short run his results could range
from receiving no payouts over the interval to receiving thousands
of dollars. Because this base price is a fair bet for the player,
the casino may want to add margin for the house, perhaps by
multiplying the base price by a predetermined margin factor such as
50%. In this example the Profit Adjusted Price would thus be:
Profit .times. .times. Adjusted .times. .times. Price = $304
.times. .28 .times. 150 .times. % = $456 .times. .42 ##EQU2##
[0072] Of course, the casino might want to offer flat rate sessions
to players without a casino markup under some circumstances, such
as part of a promotional package or to reward a particularly loyal
customer. In fact, the casino might even decrease the base price in
some circumstances.
[0073] The Base Price or (Profit Adjusted Price) could be further
modified by various other operator price parameters such as the
following:
[0074] 1. Time of Day (TD).
[0075] Times of the day in which the casino traffic tends to be
heavy should result in the player paying a premium for the flat
rate session, while quiet times in the casino should offer the
player a discount over normal rates. TABLE-US-00001 Midnight to 4
am 70% 4 am to 8 am 80% 8 am to 12 pm 90% 12 pm to 4 pm 100% 4 pm
to 8 pm 120% 8 pm to Midnight 140%
[0076] 2. Day of Week (DW).
[0077] With the heaviest volume of visitors falling on Fridays and
Saturdays, these days will necessitate higher flat rate session
costs. For example: TABLE-US-00002 Monday to Thursday 80% Friday
120% Saturday 140% Sunday 100%
[0078] 3. Player Status Rating (PSR).
[0079] For top customers such as high rollers, the cost of a flat
rate session may be reduced as a customer retention tool. For
example: TABLE-US-00003 1 (High Roller) 80% 2 (Good customer) 90% 3
(Average) 100% 4 (Low) 120%
[0080] 4. Slot Machine Usage (SMU)
[0081] When the majority of slot machines in the casino are being
used, a premium is applied to the cost of the flat rate gaming
session in order to more evenly distribute play. For example:
TABLE-US-00004 Heavy 120% Moderate 100% Light 80%
[0082] In addition to the above player-selected price parameters,
the following operator selected parameters are incorporated into
the price: The player is in the casino at 2 am on a Wednesday,
there is low slot machine usage, and the player has an average
rating. The calculations below reflect these conditions: [0083]
Base Price=$304.28 Final .times. .times. flat .times. .times. rate
.times. .times. price = ( Base .times. .times. Price ) .times. TD
.times. DW .times. PSR .times. SMU = $304 .times. .28 .times. 70
.times. % .times. 80 .times. % .times. 100 .times. % .times. 80
.times. % = $304 .times. .28 .times. 44.8 .times. % = $136 .times.
.32 ##EQU3##
[0084] The casino may round up this price to $137 to avoid the need
for small change. In the above calculations, the casino might also
incorporate floors that prevent the Base Price from going below a
level that would be profitable for the house, regardless of the
number of positive criteria that were applied to the base
price.
[0085] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that
modifications could be made to the formula to reflect different
kinds of flat rate sessions. For a session with an interval of one
hour (instead of a fixed number of handle pulls) the formula might
reflect an expected number of handle pulls per hour for that
particular game, perhaps even adjusted to reflect the type of
player purchasing the flat rate session. For example, an
experienced video poker player might be expected to reach 700 hands
per hour while a beginner might only be expected to reach 300 hands
per hour.
[0086] As will also be understood by those skilled in the art, the
ultimate goal of many slot machine players is to hit a jackpot
payout. The enjoyment of the play, as well as the ability to
maximize the chance of hitting a large jackpot, is increased by
more play. Play can be increased both by playing longer, and by
playing faster. As will be appreciated from a consideration of the
process described below, the present invention permits both
increased duration, by providing for play at discounted prices, and
speed of play, by providing for minimal time delays between
plays.
[0087] The flat rate price package database 229 will now be
described in detail with reference to FIG. 14. The flat rate price
package database 229 is used by the system 100 in providing the
player with different price package options for flat rate play of
the slot machine 102. Specifically, the flat rate price package
database 229 contains multiple combinations, or packages 1410, of
price parameters that correspond to pre-established flat rate
prices. More specifically, these price parameters include but are
not limited to, interval 1412, duration of flat rate play 1414,
amount wagered per play 1416, and pay combination status 1418. Each
combination of price parameters has corresponding flat rate gaming
session prices 1420. As will be described later in FIG. 15, the
flat rate price package database 229 is accessed when the player
determines he wishes to initiate a flat rate gaming session. Rather
than let the player choose the price parameters, the slot machine
102 lists the different packages stored in the flat rate price
package database 229. The player then chooses the package he likes
the most and play commences.
[0088] Having thus described the components of the present
embodiment, the operation of the system 100 will now be described
in detail with reference to FIGS. 8-11, and continuing reference to
FIGS. 1-7. It is to be understood that the programs stored in ROM
320 of the slot network server 106 and ROM 216 of the slot machine
102 provide the function described below.
[0089] Turning first to FIGS. 8a and 8b, the general operation of
the system 100 will be described. As shown in step 810, the slot
machine player first inserts the player-tracking card into the card
reader 266. The card reader 266 then proceeds to read
player-identifying information from the tracking card. The player
identifying information, namely the player ID number, is
communicated from the slot machine 102 to the slot server 106 in
step 812.
[0090] Upon receiving the player identifying information, the slot
network server 106 verifies the information in step 814. Such
verification includes the slot network server 106 searching the
casino player database 344 for a record containing the received
player ID number in the appropriate field 410. Once the slot
network server 106 verifies the player identifying information, the
server 106 transmits a signal to the slot machine 102 acknowledging
such verification in step 816. In alternate embodiments, other
information, such as the player's name 414, complimentary point
total 424, and player status rating 428 are transmitted to the slot
machine 102 for display.
[0091] In step 818, the player selects flat rate play via the
player interface 264. The CPU 210 of slot machine 102, in step 820,
then receives a signal from the player interface 264, indicating
that the player has selected flat rate play. For example, there
could be a button specifically for triggering a flat rate gaming
session. The CPU 210, in response, accesses memory to retrieve
player selectable price parameters. Player selectable price
parameters are the choices available to a player for entering the
player-selected price parameters. These player selectable price
parameters are controlled by a program stored in ROM 216. Such
player selectable price parameters, in the present embodiment,
include the amount wagered per play, (e.g., one, two, or three
coins), the length of the flat rate gaming session, and possible
jackpot structures, such as having only the "DOUBLE JACKPOT" and "5
BAR" jackpots active (as illustrated in the payout table 228 of
FIG. 6). In an alternate embodiment, the player selectable price
parameters are stored as part of the calculation table 227.
[0092] Then, as shown in step 822, the slot machine 102 displays
the player selectable price parameters to the player. For example,
the parameters could be listed on the video display area 238 for
the player, as described previously in FIG. 2b. Once the parameters
appear, the player simply selects his desired settings.
Alternatively, the player may accept one or more default settings.
Once the player selectable price parameters are displayed on the
display 238, the player proceeds, in step 824, to enter
player-selected price parameters via the player interface 264. The
player-selected price parameters also include data, which, although
not directly inputted by the player, is selected by the player and
identified by the slot machine 102. In the present embodiment, such
additional player-selected price parameters include type of
machine, time of day, and day of the week.
[0093] It is to be understood that the casino operator of the slot
machines 102 may define the scope of the player selectable price
parameters, and therefore limit the player-selected price
parameters in any manner. For example, the length of flat rate play
may be limited to periods above a minimum time or to periods that
are multiples of thirty-minute intervals. The jackpot structure may
require that some jackpots remain active.
[0094] Referring now to FIG. 8b, the slot machine 102 CPU 210
receives the player-selected price parameters in step 826. Having
received the player-selected parameters, the CPU 210 then stores
the player-selected price parameters, the player identifying
information and the slot machine's machine ID number is stored in a
record in the flat rate database 246. Specifically, the player ID
number is stored in field 510, the machine ID number is stored in
field 520, and the player-selected price parameters are stored in
field 512. Although the player-selected price parameters are
illustrated as being stored in a single field (512), it is to be
understood that each player-selected price parameter may be stored
in a separate field. It is also to be understood that in alternate
embodiments the player-selected price parameters need not be stored
in a database, but could be stored in RAM 218.
[0095] The slot machine 102 CPU 210 uses the player-selected price
parameters to determine the flat rate prices. Specifically, in step
828, the CPU 210 accesses the calculation table 227 and searches
for the flat rate price 724 corresponding to the received
player-selected price parameters 512, which, in the present
embodiment, include machine type 710, amount wagered per play 712,
time of day 716, day of the week 718, active jackpots 720, and the
length of the flat rate gaming session 722. The CPU 210 also
incorporates operator selected price parameters for the flat rate
price 724 such as player status rating 714 and machine availability
719. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the player
status rating 714 is received from the casino player database 344
at any time prior to determination of the flat rate price 724.
Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the slot network server 106
transmits the player status rating 428 to the slot machine 102
along with the verification signal in step 816.
[0096] By including the player status rating 714 in the calculation
table 277, a casino may reward frequent players who wager
relatively large amounts of money with a lower flat rate price 724.
Thus, the system 100 rewards and encourages frequent play. By
including active jackpots 720 in the calculation table 348, the
system 100 allows a casino to discount the flat rate price 724 for
those players who choose to enable relatively few winning outcomes
in the payout table 228. Furthermore, by including the price
parameters relating to time of day and day of the week in the
calculation table 227, a casino may charge a lower flat rate price
724 for sessions during weekday afternoons or between 2:00 a.m. and
8:00 a.m. in the mornings, thereby encouraging play of the slot
machines 102 when they are typically idle.
[0097] It is to be understood that the aforementioned price
parameters in the calculation table 227 are merely representative
of the type of variables that may be considered in determining a
flat rate price. Thus, it is within the scope of the present
invention to include only some of the price parameters, all of the
parameters, or additional parameters in the calculation table
227.
[0098] As mentioned above, the flat rate price may be based partly
upon the availability of slot machines 102. In such an embodiment,
the server 106 tracks whether each slot machine 102 is being used
by noting whether outcomes are currently being received from a
given slot machine 102. In another embodiment, the server 106
tracks slot machine availability by tabulating the number of slot
machines 102 for which flat rate play is currently enabled. In yet
another embodiment, the server 106 tracks slot machine availability
by identifying how many slot machines 102 have a player-tracking
card inserted therein.
[0099] Another price parameter that may be used is predicted or
forecasted slot machine availability. Specifically, such a
parameter accounts for anticipated availability of slot machines
102 based upon events at the casino. For example, the calculation
table 227 correlates a lower flat rate price 724 to the time of day
716 corresponding to an event, such as a show, which many casino
players attend. On the other hand, the calculation table 227
correlates a higher flat rate price to the time of day 716
corresponding to the end of the event or heavier casino traffic.
This enables a casino to effectively revenue manage their slot
machines without resorting to a change in hold percentage, which
requires regulatory approval.
[0100] It is to be understood that accounting for slot machine
availability need not be accomplished in the calculation table 227.
Rather, in an alternate embodiment, a schedule of events is stored
in RAM 218, which is accessed prior to transmitting the flat rate
price 724 to the player. If the event schedule indicates that an
event is ending during the requested flat rate gaming session, then
the flat rate price 724 will be incremented accordingly.
[0101] In another embodiment, the flat rate price is based only on
operator selected price parameters. A slot machine 102 according to
such an embodiment could, for example, provide discounted flat rate
gaming sessions based on a player status rating; for example,
offering 100 plays for the price of 90 or discounted timed
sessions. To encourage repeat, high stakes play, the higher the
player status rating, the greater the discount.
[0102] Having determined the flat rate price 724, the slot machine
102, in step 830, displays the duration of the flat rate gaming
session 722 and the flat rate price 724 and requests approval from
the player. Once the player accepts the terms of the flat rate
gaming session, flat rate play commences.
[0103] If the player does not approve the flat rate price 724, then
the player indicates so via the player interface 264. As indicated
by path A in FIGS. 8a and 8b, the slot machine 102 repeats its
operation from step 822. On the other hand, if the player approves
the flat rate price 724, the player indicates such approval via the
player interface 264 in step 832. Following such approval, the slot
machine 102 prompts the player to enter an appropriate amount of
money in step 834. In the present embodiment, the player deposits
coins into the coin acceptor 248. In one embodiment, the player
deposits a casino token as payment for the flat rate session. Such
tokens may be denominated in dollars, or represent a number of
handle pulls. A casino could thus sell a fifty handle pull token,
usable on a particular denomination and/or type of machine. Such a
token may additionally serve to activate the flat rate session,
eliminating the need for the player to select flat rate play via
player interface 264. Alternatively, the players credit balance 422
may be debited to pay for the flat rate gaming session.
[0104] In some embodiments, a casino token may be associated with a
particular set of pay combinations, which are to be active during a
flat rate gaming session activated via the token. In yet other
embodiments a casino token may be associated with (i) a specified
duration of time, (ii) a specified number of handle pulls or
outcomes, (iii) a specified number of winning handle pulls or
outcomes, and/or (iv) a flat rate price package as, for example,
described with reference to the flat rate price package database
299 of FIG. 14. A gaming device may identify such a token and enter
the appropriate flat rate gaming session by, for example, the size
and/or weight of the token or by reading or receiving information
from the token (e.g., via a computer chip embedded in the token or
special markings on the token). Such a casino token may be, for
example, purchased by a person and given to another person as a
gift. The recipient may subsequently use the token by inserting it
into an appropriate gaming device and essentially playing for
"free" (since the person that gave the gift had prepaid for the
token) for a specified duration.
[0105] Once the CPU 210 registers the receipt of money, the CPU 210
reconfigures the slot machine 201 for the flat rate gaming session
in step 836. Specifically, the CPU 210 generates a signal, or a
flag in memory, indicating that there is no need to accept the
coins between plays. CPU 210 further sets the active field 650 in
the payout table 228 according to the jackpot structure entered by
the player.
[0106] The operation of the slot machine 102 during the flat rate
gaming session will now be described with reference to FIG. 9 and
continuing reference to FIGS. 1-7. During the flat rate gaming
session, a slot machine 102 operates generally as described above
with reference to FIG. 2. However, the slot machine 102 is
reconfigured to operate according to the player-selected price
parameters, if such parameters affect play, and to operate
continuously, without requiring payment between each play.
Specifically, the flat rate gaming session begins when the player
presses the starting controller 222 in step 910. The CPU 210 also
initiates a countdown of the length of the flat rate gaming session
as stored in the player-selected parameters field 512 of the flat
rate database 246. With the start of the session, the CPU 210
stores the start time of the flat rate gaming session in the flat
rate database 246. Specifically, the start time is stored in the
time audit data field 520 in step 912. In step 914, the CPU 210
begins to count down the duration of the flat rate gaming session.
Next, in step 916, the slot machine 102 generates an outcome and
accesses payout table 228 to determine the appropriate
corresponding number of coins to be paid out.
[0107] Furthermore, in step 918, after each outcome is generated,
the slot machine 102 determines whether the countdown of the
interval remaining 516 has reached zero. It is to be understood
that the countdown may be implemented in either software or
hardware. Additionally, it is understood that the countdown process
discussed herein may be replaced with any suitable means for
tracking the duration of the flat rate gaming session. Interval
remaining 516 may also represent the number of handle pulls
remaining.
[0108] In the event that the countdown has not reached zero, the
player presses the starting controller 222 in step 920, thereby
initiating another play of the slot machine 102. In the event that
the countdown has reached zero, the CPU 210 generates a signal
indicating that the flat rate gaming session has concluded. The
slot machine 102 displays a message indicating this to the player
and, in step 922, stores the end time of the session in the time
audit data field 518 of the flat rate database.
[0109] In an alternate embodiment, the player-selected price
parameters include the "time between plays." In this embodiment,
the CPU 210 of slot machine 102 controls the time between
generating outcomes of successive plays in the slot machine 102 to
equal the received "time between plays" player-selected price
parameter. In another alternate embodiment, the slot machine 102
tracks the number of plays during the flat rate gaming session. If
the number of plays exceeds a predetermined limit, the slot machine
102 automatically terminates the flat rate gaming session,
regardless of the duration of the flat rate gaming session.
[0110] Turning now to FIG. 10, the operation of the system 100 when
the player terminates the flat rate gaming session prior to the
expiration of the session will be described. In step 1010, the
player indicates a desire to terminate the flat rate gaming session
via the player interface 264. Consequently, the slot machine 102
CPU 210 receives a termination signal and, in step 1012, displays a
message to the player, asking the player to verify termination of
the flat rate gaming session. If the player does not verify
termination, then the session continues as described above with
reference to FIG. 9. On the other hand, if the player verifies
termination, shown as step 1014, the CPU 210 proceeds to store the
stop time in the time audit data field 518 of the flat rate
database 246 in step 1016.
[0111] It is to be understood that having both the start time and
the stop time of the flat rate gaming sessions stored in the flat
rate database 246 allows the casino to perform an audit of the
session. Specifically, should a player allege that the flat rate
gaming session was shorter than that which was paid for, the casino
may access the flat rate database 246 and retrieve the actual start
and stop time from the time audit data field 520. In the present
embodiment, this time includes an indication of the day, hour, and
minute of the gaming session.
[0112] Next, in step 1018, CPU 210 determines the value of the
interval remaining in the flat rate gaming session and transmits
the value to the server 106. In order to determine the value of the
interval remaining, the CPU 210 accesses the calculation table 227.
The value of interval remaining will equal the flat rate price 724
corresponding to the price parameters (i.e., the machine type 710,
amount wagered per play 712, player status rating 714, time of day
716, etc.) used to determine the original flat rate price charged
to the player. When determining the value of the interval
remaining, however, the value in the length of flat rate gaming
session field 722 is not the original length of the session, but
rather is equal to the actual interval remaining in the flat rate
gaming session. Stated succinctly, the slot machine 102 identifies
the flat rate price 724 corresponding to the actual interval
remaining in the flat rate gaming session.
[0113] Once the value of interval remaining is determined, the slot
machine 102 transmits the value to the slot network server 106.
Upon receiving the value of interval remaining, the server 106
stores the value in field 430 of the casino player database 344 in
the player's record, as identified by the player ID number 410.
Storing the value is shown as step 1020. Finally, in step 1022, the
player removes the player-tracking card.
[0114] The process of resuming play at another slot machine 102
will now be described with reference to FIGS. 11a and 11b. The
initial operation of the system 100, as indicated by steps
1110-1128, proceeds generally as described above with reference to
steps 810-828 of FIGS. 8a and 8b.
[0115] However, once the CPU 210 of slot machine 102 determines a
new flat rate price based on the relevant price parameters, the CPU
210 determines whether the player must deposit additional
funds.
[0116] Specifically, in step 1130, the CPU 210 compares the new
flat rate price 724 with the value of interval remaining 430. The
server 106 transmits the value of interval remaining 430, as stored
in the casino player database 344, to the slot machine 102 in step
1116 so that the comparison may be performed. As indicated by step
1132, the comparison involves determining whether the new flat rate
price 724 is higher than the value of interval remaining 430.
[0117] If the new price 724 is not higher than the value of
interval remaining 430, then, in step 1134, the slot machine allows
the player to play the flat rate session at no cost. However, if
the new flat rate price 724 is higher than the value of interval
remaining 430, then, in step 1136, the CPU 210 assigns the
difference in the two values as the new flat rate price. Thus, in
step 1138, the CPU 210 displays the new flat rate price on the
video display area 238 of the slot machine 102. Thereafter,
operation of the system continues as described above with reference
to steps 832-836 of FIG. 8b.
[0118] In an alternate embodiment, when a player terminates the
flat rate session early, the value of the interval remaining is
added to the players credit balance, as stored in field 422 of the
casino player database 344.
[0119] It is to be understood that an embodiment of the present
invention need not include both a slot machine and slot network
server. For example, an embodiment employing only a slot machine
102 is within the scope of the present invention. Such an
embodiment will now be described with reference to FIGS. 12a, 12b,
and 13, and continuing reference to FIGS. 2, 5, and 7. Such an
embodiment utilizes the slot machine 102 of FIG. 2.
[0120] Initially, the player selects flat rate play on the slot
machine 102 in step 1210. Once the player selects flat rate play,
the flat rate play signal is transmitted from the player interface
264 to the CPU 210 in step 1212. The CPU 210 then proceeds, in step
1214, to retrieve the player options for selectable price
parameters. Then, in step 1216, the CPU 210 transmits the player
selectable price parameter options to the video display area 238
for viewing.
[0121] Once the player selectable price parameter options have been
displayed to the player, the player inputs the player-selected
price parameters through the player interface 264. Then, in step
1220, the CPU 210 receives the player-selected price parameters
from the player interface 264.
[0122] Once the CPU 210 receives the player-selected price
parameters, the CPU 210 reconfigures the slot machine 102.
Specifically, the CPU 210 generates a signal, or a flag in memory,
indicating that there is no need to accept the coins between plays.
CPU 210 further sets the pay combination status field 650 in the
payout table 228 according to the jackpot structure entered by the
player. In an alternate embodiment in which the player selectable
price parameters include the time between the handle pulls, the CPU
210 sets an internal timer.
[0123] Furthermore, once the slot machine 102 CPU 210 receives the
player-selected price parameters, it proceeds to access the
calculation table 227. By accessing the calculation table 227, the
CPU 210 retrieves the flat rate price for the flat rate gaming
session. Retrieving the flat rate price is shown as step 1224. Once
the CPU 210 retrieves the flat rate price, it proceeds to transmit
the price, the length of the flat rate gaming session, and payment
instructions to the video display area 238 for player viewing in
step 1226.
[0124] In step 1228, the player reads the data and instructions on
the video display area 238 and inserts money into the coin acceptor
248 or a bill acceptor (not shown) in order to initiate play of the
slot machine 102. In an alternate embodiment, the player enters a
stored value card such as a "smart card" into the card reader 266.
Such a smart card has the players credit balance stored thereon.
Payment using a smart card further entails the CPU 210 debiting the
players balance on the smart card by the amount of the flat rate
price. Further, the player may enter a credit card into the card
reader 266.
[0125] In step 1230, the CPU 210 generates a confirmed payment
message indicating that the player has deposited sufficient funds
to cover the flat rate price. Consequently, the CPU 210, in step
1232, sends the current time to both the video display area 238 and
the time audit field 518 of flat rate database 246. Next, in step
1234, the CPU 210 initiates the countdown of the interval remaining
in the flat rate gaming session as stored in field 516. The length
of the flat rate gaming session received from the player is
initially stored in field 516. The slot machine 102 decrements, or
counts down, this value as the flat rate gaming session begins.
[0126] As shown in step 1236, the flat rate gaming session
continues in accordance with the player-selected price parameters,
if such parameters affect play, in step 1236. During such play, the
CPU 210 stores and updates the players accumulated credits in RAM
218. In an alternate embodiment, the slot machine pays out jackpots
as they occur. Finally, in step 1238, the CPU 210 terminates the
flat rate gaming session when the countdown ends.
[0127] In an alternate embodiment, the interval of the flat rate
gaming session is not a time period, but rather is a maximum number
of plays. In such an embodiment, the slot machine 102 stores the
number of plays in the flat rate database 246, as described
previously in FIG. 9, and, in step 916, increments a counter for
each outcome generated. The counter may be implemented in either
software or hardware. Furthermore, in step 918, the slot machine
102 compares the number of plays stored in the flat rate database
246 to the value of the counter. If the value of the counter equals
the stored number of plays, then the flat rate gaming session is
terminated.
[0128] Turning now to FIG. 13, the process of receiving a payout
from the present embodiment will be described. As shown as step
1310, the flat rate gaming session ends upon the termination of the
countdown. Specifically, as shown in step 1312, the slot machine
102 CPU 210 terminates the flat rate gaming session by
reconfiguring the slot machine 102 to its default values. For
example, the CPU 210 resets the pay combination status field 650 in
the payout table 228 to reflect the original jackpot structure. The
CPU 210 also generates a signal indicating that coins must be
received for each play. In short, the player-selected price
parameters are no longer in effect.
[0129] In step 1314, the CPU 210 checks the total credits
accumulated, as stored in the RAM 218, and transmits a payout
command to the hopper controller 240. Consequently, in step 1316,
the slot machine 102 pays out the total number of credits to the
player.
[0130] An alternate embodiment of the present invention will now be
described with reference to FIG. 15. The operation of slot machine
102, as indicated by steps 1510-1524 below, proceeds generally as
described with reference to FIG. 14. In this embodiment, the player
selects from a list of casino determined price packages, rather
than choosing individual price parameters. Each price package, as
stored in the flat rate price package database 229 described above,
is a combination of different price parameters, which correspond to
a flat rate gaming session price.
[0131] In step 1510, the player presses a "flat rate play" button
on the slot machine 102. The slot machine 102 CPU 210 receives flat
rate play signal from the player interface 264 in step 1512. In
this case, the player interface is an actual "flat rate play"
button located on the outside of the slot machine 102. Next, in
step 1514, the CPU 210 accesses the flat rate price package
database 229 from data storage device 224. The CPU 210 then
displays the player selectable price packages on video display area
238 in step 1516. It is to be understood that the CPU 210 need not
display the packages on the video display area 238, as those
package options could be displayed elsewhere on the body of the
slot machine 102. Alternatively, player interface 264 could
incorporate several "flat rate play" buttons, each representing a
different flat rate price package.
[0132] Next, in step 1518, the player selects the desired price
package via the player interface 264. Having already seen what the
price of the selected package is, the player then deposits the
appropriate amount of money into coin acceptor 248 in step 1520.
For example, the player may have chosen price package four, which
costs fifty dollars. In return for fifty dollars deposited into the
slot machine, the player receives two hundred and fifty handle
pulls, with three coins wagered per pull, and with the top three
jackpots active in his flat rate gaming session. These parameters
are specified in the flat rate price package database 229.
[0133] In step 1522, the CPU 210 receives an indication of payment
from the coin acceptor 248 and reconfigures the parameters of slot
machine 102 to meet the specifications of the flat rate price
package selected by the player. Finally, in step 1524, flat rate
play begins.
[0134] It is noted that the flat rate price package database 229
could be located at the slot network server 106 and not at each
individual slot machine 102. When it is located at the server,
certain casino or operator selected parameters could be used to
determine the price. For example, there could be different flat
rate price packages for different times during the day that are
based on projected or actual casino traffic and/or slot machine
usage.
[0135] As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art,
the key step in getting players to wager money on gaming devices,
such as slot machines, is to bring the players to the casino floor.
One way in which casinos can bring additional players to the casino
floor, and thereby increase total revenues, is by giving away free
samples or rewards with a minimum displacement of traditional
pay-per-play players. The present invention may be employed for
such a purpose.
[0136] In one embodiment, for example, the casino could declare a
free-play period. During the free-play period (likely chosen by the
casino to correspond to down time, when most gaming devices are
idle) players insert their player tracking cards into the gaming
devices and initiate play without being charged. Specifically, the
casino programs the calculation table 227 so that the flat rate
price 724 is zero for a given time of day 716 and day of the week
718. It is anticipated that during such a free-play period, the
casino will alter the jackpot structure, causing only a selected
jackpot to be active. Thus, the lure of free jackpots will bring
additional players to the casino floor who will likely continue
playing after the free-play period ends. A further benefit of this
embodiment is that it would encourage players to become slot club
members. This could result in an increase of players who return to
the casino and the customer base, which the casino markets through
mailings.
[0137] It is also to be understood that play of the slot machines
during the free-play period need not occur as described above.
Thus, in an alternate embodiment, the reels 232, 234, 236 of the
slot machines 102 continuously spin, regardless of whether a player
has inserted a tracking card, with the server 106 periodically
signaling a jackpot on a random machine. Only when a player has
inserted a player-tracking card is the jackpot awarded. The server
106 randomly selects a machine ID number and, if the machine 102 is
not being played by a pay-per-play player, the server 106 transmits
a signal to that slot machine 102 directing it to produce a winning
outcome.
[0138] In an alternate embodiment that achieves substantially the
same result of attracting additional players to the floor during
down times, the casino issues guests a player tracking card or a
smart card having a predetermined free credit balance associated
therewith. The casino could then restrict the day and time in which
the players could use the free card in a flat rate gaming session.
In another embodiment, the cards provided to guests contain an
indication of time, rather than money, for use during a flat rate
gaming session.
[0139] Although the foregoing embodiments employ static jackpot
structure, which stay the same throughout the flat rate gaming
session, it is within the scope of the present invention to employ
dynamic jackpot structures, which change during the flat rate
gaming session. In one such embodiment, the dynamic jackpot
structure starts with a given number of active jackpots, as
indicated in the pay combination status field 650 of the payout
table 228. As the flat rate gaming session progresses, the number
of active jackpots changes. Specifically, as the interval remaining
in the flat rate gaming session decreases, fewer pay combinations
are made active. In other words, the slot machine 102 CPU 210
monitors the time and, every fifteen minutes, for example, causes
the pay combination status field 650 to change from "active" to
"inactive" for a given pay combination 610. Alternatively, the CPU
210 changes the pay combination status field 650 after a
predetermined number of plays. In a further variation of this
embodiment, individual jackpots may be decreased instead of or in
addition to being eliminated (e.g., the jackpot for a particular
outcome may decrease from 10 coins to 8 coins as the gaming session
progresses).
[0140] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, a
dynamic jackpot structure based on the time progression of the flat
rate gaming session can increase the revenue generated by the slot
machines 102. Specifically, such a dynamic jackpot structure could
be used with a flat rate gaming session whose duration is not a
fixed time, but rather a given number of plays. Because fewer
jackpots will be active as time progresses, players have an
incentive to use their fixed number of plays within a short time
period. Stated succinctly, the present invention increases speed of
play.
[0141] In another embodiment, the jackpot structure is dynamic
based not on the progression of the flat rate gaming session, but
rather on the outcomes generated by the slot machine 102. One such
embodiment involves changing a particular jackpot from "active" to
"inactive" upon a player hitting the outcome corresponding to that
pay combination. For example, a player may begin the flat rate
gaming session with all jackpots active. On one play, the slot
machine 102 generates a "CHERRY-CHERRY-CHERRY" outcome 610. Upon
accessing the payout table 228, the CPU 210 determines that ten
coins are to be paid out, credits the player's accumulated credits
accordingly, and causes the pay combination status field 650
corresponding to the "CHERRY-CHERRY-CHERRY" outcome 610 to change
from "active" to "inactive". Thus, a player can only hit a given
jackpot once. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art,
such a dynamic jackpot structure will allow slot machine operators
to further discount the flat rate price to attract additional
players. Furthermore, it is anticipated that players will be
willing to forego hitting the same jackpot multiple times because
their focus is typically on hitting the highest jackpot once.
[0142] These and other dynamic jackpot structures may be
implemented as either a player-selected price parameter or an
operator selected price parameter. When implemented as a
player-selected price parameter, the dynamic jackpot structure is
displayed to the player as a player selectable price parameter
option. The player, in turn, selects it via the player interface
264. When implemented as an operator selected price parameter, the
dynamic jackpot structure is displayed for player viewing prior to
player approval of the flat rate price. Whether the price
parameters are selected by the player or the casino operator, the
dynamic jackpot structure affects the flat rate price generally as
described above, namely, as a field in the calculation table 227 or
as a variable in the price algorithm.
[0143] In some embodiments of the present invention, an individual
may purchase a flat rate gaming session as a gift for another
person. For example, an individual may purchase one of the
available flat rate price packages of FIG. 14. In such an
embodiment, the individual purchasing a flat rate gaming session
may be provided with a flat rate gaming session identifier, which
the purchase in turn provides to the gift recipient. The flat rate
gaming session identifier may be stored by the casino in
association with the price parameters defining the flat rate gaming
session. Thus, when the gift recipient inserts the flat rate gaming
session identifier into a gaming device, the gaming device may
communicate with the casino server to determine the parameters of
the flat rate gaming session and set these parameters. A flat rate
gaming session identifier may be provided on, for example, a gift
card that is magnetically or optically encoded with the flat rate
gaming session identifier such that it may be read by a gaming
device.
Contract Embodiment
[0144] In accordance with some embodiments of the present
invention, a flat rate gaming session may be purchased by means of
a contract. According to such embodiments a player at a casino may
purchase a contract (e.g., from an insurer, such as the casino or
another entity) or similar agreement to use a gaming device, such
as a slot machine. Costing a fixed amount, the contract insures the
player against the possibility of potentially large losses at the
slot machine. In accordance with one such embodiment, upon
purchasing the contract, a player credit account is set up at the
slot machine. The account may begin with zero credits but may begin
with another balance in other embodiments. The player is then
allowed a fixed number of handle pulls at the slot machine without
requiring the player to insert any money. Each handle pull
decreases the player account, typically by decreasing the player
account by a predetermined amount (e.g., one credit) for each
handle pull. This may cause the number of credits to be negative,
but play may still continue. If the player achieves a winning
outcome, credits can be added to the player account in accordance
with the payout for the winning outcome. If, after the fixed number
of handle pulls, there are a positive number of credits in the
player account, then these may be paid out to the player in the
form of cash. If, however, there are less than a predetermined
amount of credits (e.g., zero credits) in the player account, then
the player receives nothing. The insurer, however, could compensate
the casino for an amount in the player's account that is less than
a predetermined number.
[0145] In such an embodiment, the player enjoys the fixed number of
pulls without the risk of any loss. The only loss for the player
comes from the cost of the contract.
[0146] One aspect of this invention is a way to price a contract
for a block of pulls to be sold to a player. Pricing a contract may
involve calculating the expected amount that would have to be paid
a player upon the completion of the pulls. The price of the
contract would then typically be greater than this expected amount
so as to result in an expected profit possibly to be divided
amongst the casino and, if it is a separate entity, an insurer. For
example, if a player could be expected to receive $30 upon the
completion of 1000 pulls, then the contract for the block of 1000
pulls could by sold for $35.
[0147] The following terms are related to flat rate gaming sessions
and are used to discuss certain flat rate contract embodiments.
[0148] Contract indicator--an object or information by which a
gaming device may recognize a contract in order to execute the
contract. For example, a player purchases a contract at the casino
desk and receives a token that serves as a contract indicator. When
the player deposits the token in a gaming device, the gaming device
recognizes the contract the player has signed up for and executes
the contract accordingly.
[0149] Execute a contract--to carry out the terms of a contract. A
gaming device executes a contract for 200 pulls by generating the
200 outcomes, incrementing and decrementing player credits in
accordance with the outcomes, and paying the player, if necessary,
at the end of the contract.
[0150] Gambling contract--An agreement, in one embodiment, between
a player, an insurer, and sometimes a casino (e.g., if different
from the insurer) with the following exemplary provisions: [0151]
The player, in some embodiments, pays the insurer a fixed amount up
front. [0152] The player, in some embodiments, may make a
predetermined number of handle pulls. [0153] The player, in some
embodiments, may be required to pay additional money after
purchasing the contract; in other embodiments, no additional
payments are required. [0154] The player keeps any net winnings
after all handle pulls have been completed [0155] If the player has
a net loss after the handle pulls have been completed, in some
embodiments, the loss is paid to the casino by the insurer.
[0156] There are many variants of these provisions, and additional
provisions are possible. As can be seen, the contract insures a
player against excessive losses, and may give the player more
handle pulls than would otherwise be possible for the price of the
contract. Also, since there may be no additional player decisions
required after the player has purchased the contract, the player
need not be present for the execution of the contract and may
therefore experience the feeling of remote gambling.
[0157] Gaming Device--Any electrical, mechanical, or
electromechanical device that accepts wagers, steps through a
process to determine an outcome, and pays winnings based on the
outcome. The outcome may be randomly generated, as with a slot
machine; may be generated through a combination of randomness and
player skill, as with video poker; or may be generated entirely
through player skill. Gaming devices may include slot machines,
video poker machines, video blackjack machines, video roulette
machines, video keno machines, video bingo machines, and the
like.
[0158] Gross winnings--the total of a player's winnings during the
execution of a contract without regard to wagers made by the
player. For example, if, after five pulls of a contract, a player
has attained one winning outcome with a payout of 4 coins, and one
winning outcome with a payout of 20 coins, then the player's gross
winnings thus far are 24 coins. Since gross winnings do not account
for wagers a player makes, gross winnings will always be larger
than or equal to net winnings.
[0159] Handle pull--a single play at a gaming device, including
video poker, video blackjack, video roulette, video keno, video
bingo, and other devices. The definition is intended to be flexible
in that a single play might constitute a single complete game, or a
single wager. For example, in video blackjack, a player might play
a single game in which he splits a pair of sevens, requiring an
additional wager. This one game might thereby constitute either one
or two handle pulls.
[0160] Net winnings--the total of a player's winnings during the
execution of a contract minus the amount spent by the player on
wagers. In the example cited under the definition of "gross
winnings," the net winnings are 19 coins since the player has won
24 coins but used one coin as a wager on each of the five
pulls.
[0161] Turning now to a detailed description of the contract
embodiments of the present invention, various aspects of such
embodiments are set forth below.
Description of the Contract
[0162] A typical contract is an agreement between the insurer and a
player. The player agrees to pay a fixed amount of money up front.
In return, the player may (or must) gamble at a gaming device for a
designated amount of time or for a designated number of outcomes.
After the player has gambled the requisite amount, the player has
the right to keep any winnings that exceed a certain threshold. The
player does not, however, pay any losses. Thus, one function of the
contract is to insure the player against losses at a gaming device.
There are many contract variations and some of these variations are
described below.
[0163] Another function of the contract is to allow a player to
play a large number of handle pulls without the need of a large
bankroll. For example, a player wishing to make 600 pulls at a
quarter slot machine would ordinarily require $150 (25
cents.times.600) in order to assure himself the ability of
completing the 600 pulls. However, a contract might allow a player
to make 600 pulls by paying only $20.
[0164] In some embodiments, the contract does not involve an
insurer. The function of the contract may be to allow outcomes to
be generated for the player while the player is not physically
present at the gaming device. In these embodiments, the contract
may consist mainly of instructions from the player as to how the
slot machine should gamble on the player's behalf. For example, the
instructions will tell the machine how fast to gamble, when to
quit, and then where to send winnings.
Amount of Play
[0165] A contract may place, in some embodiments, one or more of
the following exemplary restrictions on play covered by the
contract: [0166] The player, in one embodiment, may be required to
make a minimum number of handle pulls. [0167] The player, in one
embodiment, may not make more than a maximum number of handle
pulls. [0168] The player, in one embodiment, may be required to
play for a certain minimum time period. [0169] The player, in one
embodiment, may be required to play for less than a certain maximum
time period. [0170] The player, in one embodiment, may be required
to maintain a minimum rate of play. [0171] The player, in one
embodiment, may be required not to exceed a maximum rate of play.
[0172] The total coin-in over the course of the contract, in one
embodiment, may be required to exceed a certain minimum amount.
[0173] The total coin-in over the course of the contract, in one
embodiment, may be required not to exceed a certain amount. [0174]
The player, in one embodiment, may be required to play until
obtaining a specified outcome. Coin Denomination
[0175] A contract may specify the size of the wager for each pull.
The wager size may be the same as that typically used by the gaming
device. For example, if a player signs up for a contract at a
quarter slot machine, the wager for each pull of the contract might
be a quarter. If the slot machine offers multiple coin bets, the
wager for each pull might be a quarter, 50 cents, 75 cents etc. The
contract may allow or may force the player to vary the wager from
pull to pull.
[0176] One aspect of a contract may allow all play to occur in
"credit mode." That is, the player need not physically insert money
into the gaming device prior to each pull, and money need not come
out of the gaming device after a player win. Rather, a player's
credit balance may be stored in a player database either in the
gaming device or at the casino server. Every time the player then
makes a handle pull, credits are deducted from the player's
balance. Every time the player wins, credits are added to the
player's balance. The player's credit balance can be displayed on
the device so that the player may track his progress.
[0177] Since play may occur in credit mode, each wager might
consist of coin denominations that are not standard for the gaming
device. For example, a device that typically handles quarters may
accept wagers of a nickel, of 40 cents, or even of 121/2 cents.
Winnings Threshold
[0178] A contract may describe some threshold of gross winnings,
net winnings, or accumulated player credits above which the player
keeps any excess. Gross winnings describes the accumulated player
wins from each pull of the contract. Thus, a player who makes 600
pulls on a $1 slot machine as part of a contract and wins $3 on
each of 100 pulls has gross winnings of $300 ($3/pull.times.100
pulls). Net winnings are the gross winnings less the accumulated
costs of wagering. In the above example, the accumulated costs of
wagering are $600 ($1/pull.times.600 pulls). Thus, in the above
example, the player's net winnings would be negative $300
($300-$600). Accumulated player credits may mirror a running tally
of a player's net winnings. For example, a player may begin with
zero credits, with credits deducted in the amount of any wager, and
added in the amount of any winnings. Accumulated player credits may
also mirror a running tally of gross winnings, or any other
statistic about a player's performance.
[0179] At the end of a contract, a player's accumulated credits may
be compared to a threshold. The player may then receive a payout of
any excess accumulated credits above the threshold. For example, if
the threshold is zero, and the player has 44 credits, each credit
representing 25 cents, then the player receives a payout of $11 (44
credits.times.25 cents/credit). If the player had -12 credits,
indicating a net loss of 12 credits, then the player receives
nothing. The player does not owe $3 because the contract does not
make the player responsible for any losses.
[0180] The threshold might be at 10 credits, in which case a player
with accumulated credits of 30 would receive a payout equivalent to
20 credits at the end of a contract, and a player with 6 credits
would receive nothing. A threshold might be at -10 credits, in
which case a player with accumulated credits of -6 would receive
the equivalent of 4 credits, while a player with -100 credits would
receive nothing.
[0181] Rather than insuring against all of a player's losses, a
contract might insure all losses up to a point and not beyond.
Therefore, a contract may have multiple thresholds, each with
different functions. A player may, for example, be responsible for
any losses beyond a threshold loss of 100 credits. The same player
might receive any winnings beyond a threshold of 10 accumulated
credits. Thus, if, at the end of the contract, the player has
accumulated -125 credits, then the player must pay 25 credits. If
the player has accumulated 33 credits, then the player receives a
23 credit payout. If the player has accumulated -49 credits, then
the player neither owes nor receives anything.
[0182] In some embodiments, a threshold delineates a change in the
percentage of a player's winnings or losses between credit tallies
above and below the threshold. For example, a player might keep any
credits won beyond a threshold of 50. Below 50 credits, the player
only keeps 80% of his winnings. Therefore, if a player has 70
credits remaining at the end of a contract, he keeps all 20 credits
above 50, and he keeps an additional 40 credits, representing 80%
of the first 50 credits. Therefore, the player keeps 60 credits in
total.
[0183] A player may also be responsible for a percentage of losses
above or below a certain threshold. For example, a player may be
responsible for 50% of losses over 10 credits. Thus, a player who
finishes a contract with minus 20 credits owes nothing for the
first 10 credits of loss, but owes 5 credits for the next 10
credits of loss. The player therefore owes 5 credits.
[0184] In the most general sense, a contract specifies a functional
relationship between what a player's accumulated credits are at the
end of the contracted number of pulls, and what the player either
owes or is due. The function may be piece-wise linear, or may be
rather non-linear and convoluted.
[0185] Where there is potential for a player to owe money at the
end of a contract, the player may be required to deposit money into
the gaming device in advance so as to prevent the player from
walking away when he owes money. The advance payment may later be
returned if the player turns out to owe nothing at the end of the
contract.
[0186] In many embodiments, a contract is transparent to the
casino. In other words, if the player makes a certain number of
pulls, the casino makes the same amount of money whether or not the
player happened to be involved in a contract. In these embodiments,
however, a casino may collect money that it makes (and the player
has lost) from the insurer, rather than from the player. The casino
may also act as an intermediary in transactions between the player
and the insurer. For example, the casino may collect from the
player money that is meant to pay for a contract. The casino may
then transfer an equivalent amount of money to the insurer.
[0187] In other embodiments, a contract is not completely
transparent to the casino. That is, the amount of money a casino
receives after a certain number of the player's handle pulls may
depend on whether or not the player was in a contract. In one
example, a casino agrees that if a players accumulated credits at
the end of a contract are less than -200, then the casino will only
collect 200 credits for the contract's handle pulls. This example
may benefit the insurer, since the insurer does not have to worry
about covering player losses in excess of 200 credits. In another
example, the casino configures a gaming device to give different
odds to a player in contract play versus a player not in contract
play.
Player Decisions
[0188] As mentioned previously, players may have some restrictions
on the play covered by the contract. For example, a contract may
cover an hour's play at a gaming device, but require the player to
make between 600 and 800 pulls in that hour. In some embodiments,
however, contracts may allow players to quit early or to play more
than is otherwise covered by the contract. For example, a contract
might cover an hour's worth of play. After the first half-hour, the
player may be ahead by $100 and wish to quit without risking the
loss of the $100 in the subsequent half-hour. He may therefore opt
to pay $20 in order to be released from the obligation of
continuing the contract. He may then collect his $100 in
winnings.
[0189] A player at a gaming device may reach the end of a contract
with accumulated credits just short of an amount necessary to
collect winnings. However, the last 17 out of 20 pulls may have
been wins for the player. The player may feel as if he has some
momentum going for him and therefore may not wish that the contract
be finished. In some embodiments, the player may extend the
contract. For example, the gaming device might prompt the player,
saying, "For only $5 more, we'll give you another 200 spins added
to your contract." If the player accepts, then the casino or
insurer has made a new sale with potential profitability. In some
embodiments, the player may be allowed to extend a contract for
free, or may even be paid to extend the contract. For example, the
player may have winnings of $100 at the end of a contract. The
casino, or insurer, may figure that if the player were to keep
pulling, he would be likely to lose some of that $100. Therefore,
the casino may pay the player $5 to take another 200 pulls.
[0190] In a related embodiment, a player may carry over the
accumulated credits from a first contract to a second contract.
Thus, a player with 40 accumulated credits at the end of a first
contract may begin a second contract with 40 accumulated credits.
The player may pay or be paid for carrying over credits.
Price
[0191] In many embodiments, the player pays a fixed sum to buy the
contract. In exchange for that fixed sum, the player can then
gamble a significant amount with little or no risk of losses. In
many embodiments, the insurer takes the risk of the player's loss.
The insurer must therefore price the contract so as to be
compensated for the risk it takes. In other embodiments, the casino
and the insurer share the profits and losses associated with a
contract. To ensure a profit to be divided amongst the two, a
contract may be priced in excess of a player's average win. Note
that a player's loss would count as zero in figuring out the
player's average win, since the player does not have to pay for
losses.
[0192] One method of pricing the contract involves first figuring
out what the insurer might expect to pay, on average, to cover a
player's losses. Another method of pricing a contract involves
first figuring out what the casino/insurer combination might expect
to pay, on average, to compensate a player for his winnings. Both
methods involve similar computations. Therefore, computations will
be described below with respect to only one or the other method of
pricing a contract.
Exemplary Price Computations
[0193] The insurer obtains the gaming device or a component of the
gaming device containing significant information about the
operation of the gaming device (e.g., the CPU). The insurer then
operates the gaming device as a player would when under contract.
For example, if the insurer were to sell contracts for 600 pulls,
the insurer would make 600 handle pulls at the gaming device and
record the number of accumulated credits at the end of the 600
pulls. The insurer may repeat this process of testing contracts at
the device for a large number of trials. The insurer may then
average what its payments would be over all the trials. Note that
while it might take a player days or years to complete, say,
100,000 contracts at a gaming device; the process may be sped up
for the insurer by giving the gaming device special instructions to
generate outcomes more rapidly. The performance of large number of
trials in the manner described above is often called a Monte-Cado
simulation.
[0194] The following is an example of pricing a contract. Using the
method of pricing described above, an insurer simulates the
execution of a 600-pull contract. The insurer repeats the
simulation four more times. After the first simulation, the player
has won $10. After the second, the player has lost $5. After the
third, the player has lost $17. After the fourth, the player has
lost $8. After the fifth, the player has won $3. To figure out what
the insurer must pay, on average, the insurer adds the three losses
to get: $5+$17+$8=$30. The insurer then divides by five, the number
of simulations, to get: $30/5=$6. The insurer does not care, for
the purposes of this calculation, how much the player won when he
did win, since the casino is the one paying the player his
winnings. Now, in order to obtain an average $4 profit, the insurer
might charge $10 for each contract.
[0195] The insurer obtains or creates software that mirrors or
models the operation of the gaming device. For example, the
software is configured to generate the same outcomes, as does the
gaming device with the same frequency as the gaming device. For
each outcome generated, the software tracks what a player's
accumulated credits would be. As before, the insurer may simulate
many contracts and average what its payments would be over all the
trials.
[0196] The insurer mathematically models potential outcomes of one
handle pull of the gaming device using a random variable with a
probability mass function (PMF) or probability density function
(PDF). With these functions, the x-axis may represent potential
winnings, such as -1 or $3, which can occur from a single handle
pull. The example of -$1 indicates the player has paid $1 for the
pull but has won nothing. The example of $3 indicates that the
player has paid $1 for the pull and won $4. The y-axis of these
functions represents the probability or probability density of each
outcome occurring. The probability of the player getting -$1 on a
pull might be 0.8, while the probability of the player getting $3
might be 0.2. A PMF for the number of accumulated credits at the
end of a contract can then be created by summing the random
variables representing individual handle pulls. If each pull is
independent with an identical PMF, as is common with slot machines,
then the PMF for the results of the entire contract can be created
using repeated convolutions of the PMF's for individual handle
pulls. If, for example, 600 pulls are involved, then the PMF for a
single handle pull may be convolved with itself 599 times to
generate a PMF for the entire contract. Using this resultant PMF,
the insurer can easily calculate how much it would expect to pay to
cover a player's losses on each contract. If the resultant random
variable is denoted by w, and the insurer would by required to pay
for any player losses, then the insurer's expected payment is given
by .SIGMA..infin..sup.0w*probability(w).
[0197] In the method described above, Fourier Transforms, Z
transforms, Laplace Transforms, or other transforms can be used to
aid in the calculation of the repeated convolutions. Such a use of
transforms is well known in the art.
[0198] As is well known in the art, with many classes of random
variables, repeated summation results in a Gaussian probability
distribution. This distribution has the shape of the familiar bell
curve. The Gaussian distribution has the advantage of being fully
described by only two parameters, a mean and a standard deviation.
If a Gaussian probability distribution is used to approximate the
sum of a large number of independent, identically distributed
random variables, such as those that often describe handle pulls,
then the mean and standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution
is very easily calculated based on the mean and standard deviation
of a random variable describing an individual pull. Such
calculations are well known in the art. Thus, a Gaussian
distribution can easily be generated to approximate the PMF of a
player's accumulated credits at the end of a contract. Using this
distribution, the insurer can calculate the amount it would be
required to pay, on average, to cover a player's losses. The method
of calculation is similar to that described in 3). If a Gaussian
PDF is used as an approximation, then an integral sign replaces the
summation sign, and "probability" is replaced by "probability
density."
[0199] The following is an example of using a Gaussian probability
density function to approximate the amount a casino would be
required to pay, on average, to compensate a player for his
winnings at the end of a contract. The contract may then be priced
in excess of this amount to ensure an average profit for the
casino/insurer combination. A Gaussian function is given by the
formula, f(x)=1/
(2.pi..sigma.)exp(-(x-.mu.).sup.2/(2.sigma..sup.2)). In this
formula, .sigma. is the standard deviation, and .mu. is the mean.
Now, let us suppose that a single handle pull of a slot machine
results in a required payout to the player described by a
probability mass function with mean 82 .sub.0 and standard
deviation .sigma..sub.0. Then, assuming each handle pull is
independent, n handle pulls of the slot machine may be described by
a function with mean .mu.=.mu..sub.on and standard deviation
.sigma.=94 .sub.0 n. Furthermore, if n is large, then the function
describing a casino's aggregate payout after n handle pulls may be
approximated by the Gaussian function f(x), whose formula is given
above.
[0200] To calculate what a casino would have to pay to compensate a
player for his winnings, on average, we note that the casino pays
when the player wins, but receives nothing when a player loses.
Therefore, the expected payment of the casino is given by:
.intg..infin..sup.00*f(x)dx+.intg..sub.0.sup..infin.x*f(x)dx=.intg..sub.0-
.sup..infin.x*f(x)dx. We proceed to solve the integral: .intg. 0
.infin. .times. x * .times. f .function. ( x ) .times. d x =
.times. .intg. 0 .infin. .times. x * .times. 1 .times. / .times. (
2 .times. .pi. .times. .times. .sigma. ) .times. exp .function. ( -
( x - ) 2 .times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .sigma. 2 ) ) .times. d x =
.times. 1 .times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .pi. .times. .times.
.sigma. ) .times. .intg. 0 .infin. .times. x * .times. exp
.function. ( - ( x - ) 2 .times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .sigma. 2 )
) .times. d x = .times. 1 .times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .pi.
.times. .times. .sigma. ) .times. .intg. 0 .infin. .times. [ ( x -
) * .times. exp .function. ( - ( x - ) 2 .times. / .times. ( 2
.times. .sigma. 2 ) ) + .times. * .times. exp .times. ( - ( x - ) 2
.times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .sigma. 2 ) ) ] .times. d x = .times.
2 .times. .sigma. 2 .times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .pi..sigma. ) *
.times. ( - 1 .times. / .times. 2 ) * .times. [ exp .times. ( - ( x
- ) 2 .times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .sigma. 2 ) ) ] 0 .infin. +
.times. .times. .intg. 0 .infin. .times. 1 .times. / .times. ( 2
.times. .pi. .times. .times. .sigma. ) .times. exp .function. ( - (
x - ) 2 .times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .sigma. 2 ) ) .times. d x
##EQU4##
[0201] We deal with the two terms separately: 2 .times. .sigma. 2
.times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .pi..sigma. ) * .times. ( - 1 .times.
/ .times. 2 ) * .times. [ exp .times. ( - ( x - ) 2 .times. /
.times. ( 2 .times. .sigma. 2 ) ) ] 0 .infin. = .times. - .sigma. 2
.times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .pi..sigma. ) * .function. [ 0 - exp
.function. ( - 2 .times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .sigma. 2 ) ) ] =
.times. .sigma. 2 .times. exp .function. ( - 2 .times. / .times. (
2 .times. .sigma. 2 ) ) .times. ( 2 .times. .pi..sigma. ) = .times.
n .times. .times. .sigma. 0 2 .times. exp .function. ( - n 2
.times. 0 2 .times. / .times. ( 2 .times. n .times. .times. .sigma.
0 2 ) ) .times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .pi. .times. n .times.
.times. .sigma. 0 ) = .times. n 3 .times. / .times. 4 .times.
.sigma. 0 3 .times. / .times. 2 .times. exp .function. ( - n
.times. .times. 0 2 .times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .sigma. 0 2 ) )
.times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .pi. ) ##EQU5## and ##EQU5.2##
.times. .intg. 0 .infin. .times. 1 .times. / .times. ( 2 .times.
.pi. .times. .times. .sigma. ) exp .times. ( - ( x - ) 2 .times. /
.times. ( 2 .times. .sigma. 2 ) ) .times. .times. d x = .times.
.intg. - .times. / .times. .sigma. .infin. .times. 1 .times. /
.times. ( 2 .times. .pi. .times. .times. .sigma. ) .times. exp
.function. ( - y 2 .times. / .times. 2 ) .times. .sigma. .times. d
y .times. .times. ( where .times. .times. y = ( x - ) .times. /
.times. .sigma. ) .times. .times. .times. = .times. .sigma. .times.
.intg. - .times. / .times. .sigma. .infin. .times. 1 .times. /
.times. ( 2 .times. .pi. .times. ) .times. exp .function. ( - y 2
.times. / .times. 2 ) .times. d y .times. .times. = .times. .sigma.
.function. [ 1 - .intg. - .infin. - .times. / .times. .sigma.
.times. 1 .times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .pi. .times. ) .times. exp
.function. ( - y 2 .times. / .times. 2 ) .times. d y ]
##EQU5.3##
[0202] The integral is the cumulative distribution function for a
zero mean, unit standard deviation Gaussian, for which tables
exist. We denote it by N(-.mu./.sigma.). Continuing: .times. .intg.
0 .infin. .times. 1 .times. / .times. ( 2 .times. .pi. .times.
.times. .sigma. ) exp .times. ( - ( x - ) 2 .times. / .times. ( 2
.times. .sigma. 2 ) ) .times. .times. d x = .times. .times. .sigma.
.function. [ 1 - N .function. ( - .times. / .times. .sigma. ) ] =
.times. n .times. .times. 0 .times. n 1 .times. / .times. 4 .times.
.sigma. 0 .function. [ 1 - N .function. ( - n .times. .times. 0
.times. / .times. ( n .times. .times. .sigma. 0 ) ) ] = .times. n 5
.times. / .times. 4 .times. 0 .times. .sigma. 0 .function. [ 1 - N
.function. ( - n .times. .times. 0 .times. / .times. .times.
.sigma. 0 ) ] ##EQU6##
[0203] Recombining the two terms we get:
.intg..sub.0.sup..infin.x*f(x)dx=n.sup.3/4.sigma..sub.0.sup.3/2
exp(-n.mu..sub.0.sup.2/(2.sigma..sub.0.sup.2))/
(2.pi.)+n.sup.5/4.mu..sub.0 .sigma..sub.0[1-N(-
n.mu..sub.0/.sigma..sub.0)]
[0204] If we were to graph the above as a function of n, the number
of pulls, we would see that initially, as the number of pulls in a
contract gets larger, a casino could expect to pay more money to
compensate a player for his winnings. However, there would reach a
point, beyond which more pulls in a contract would actually
decrease the amount a casino could expect to pay to compensate a
player for his winnings. This illustrates an important feature of
contracts. Having more pulls in a contract is not necessarily an
advantage for a player.
[0205] A casino or insurer may start with a first price for a
contract, and then evolve the price as more and more of the
contracts are purchased and executed. For example, if an insurer
loses money on the first few contracts it sells, then it may
increase the price of the contract. If the insurer makes large
profits on its first few contracts, then it may reduce the
price.
[0206] Once the insurer has determined what it can expect to pay,
on average, to cover a player's losses, the insurer may price the
contract to give itself a desired profit margin. For example, if
the insurer can expect to pay, on average, $15 to cover a player's
losses, then the insurer might price the contract at $20 to insure
itself a $5 average profit.
Automatic Play
[0207] A contract may require certain behaviors of the player. As
mentioned, these behaviors may include maintaining a certain rate
of play, or performing a minimum number of handle pulls. The gaming
device on which a contract is executed may take various steps to
ensure that the behaviors are performed. To this end, the gaming
device may initiate handle pulls automatically or may fail to
register handle pulls that the player attempts to initiate. For
example, if the player must make at least one handle pull every 10
seconds, and the player has failed to make any handle pulls in 9
seconds, then the gaming device may automatically initiate a handle
pull for the player on the tenth second. As another example, a
player may be restricted from making more than one pull every 10
seconds. If in the same 10-second interval, the player attempts to
make more than one handle pull, the second handle pull may not be
initiated, at least until the next 10-second interval.
[0208] As can be seen from the above two examples, the player may
maintain some control over his gambling behavior even while the
gaming device forces him to comply with the contract. Therefore, a
player who must make a pull every 10 seconds still has control over
whether the pull occurs on the first second of an interval or the
eighth second of an interval. Such control can be psychologically
important, because many players feel that the exact moment at which
the handle pull is initiated has an important effect on the
ultimate outcome.
[0209] In some cases, a player may not desire to make any active
decisions once a contract has been initiated and may simply put a
gaming device into "automatic play." The player may later have the
option of taking the gaming device out of automatic play and of
manually initiating handle pulls.
[0210] Flat rate contract costs can also be calculated using other
algorithmic iterative calculations. The iterative algorithm
determines the probabilities of achieving any possible credit
balance, and then calculates a weighted average over those credit
balances that result in a payout to the player. This is one the
most precise ways of determining contract cost.
Offering the Contract
[0211] A contract may be offered to a player in a number of ways. A
gaming device may use text or synthesized voice to ask a person
whether or not he would like to sign up for a contract. A casino
attendant may offer a contract to a player, or signs at a casino
may point a player toward a casino desk where he may then purchase
a contract.
[0212] A number of circumstances may trigger the casino or an
insurer to offer a contract to the player. For example, the player
may have lost most of an initial stake deposited into a gaming
device. A player may be slowing his play, or may no longer be
inserting coins into the machine. The time of day may be a player's
typical lunchtime or departure time. A player may have the
opportunity to enter into a contract only if he also agrees to do
business with a particular merchant or group of merchants. The
player may have the opportunity to enter into a contract if the
casino or insurer deems him a good, valuable, or loyal
customer.
Agreeing to the Contract
[0213] A player may specify a desired contract in a number of ways.
At a gaming device, a player may use a touch screen to indicate his
desire to enter into a specific contract. Using the touch screen,
the player may select from a menu of possible contracts. For
example, the menu might list several contracts with different time
durations or different prices. The player could then select a
contract by touching an area of the screen next to his desired
contract.
[0214] The player might use menus to customize a contract for
himself. The player might use a first menu to select a duration of
the contract (e.g., 600 pulls, or 1/2 hour). A second menu might be
used to select a rate of play. A third menu might be used for coin
denomination. Many other menus are possible for other contract
features. Once the player has selected several contract features,
the gaming device may select the remaining feature so as to make
the contract profitable for the insurer. For example, once the
player has chosen a number of pulls and a coin denomination, the
gaming device might choose the price of the contract.
[0215] Rather than a touch screen, a player may use special
buttons, keys, or voice input to specify a desired contract or
contract terms.
[0216] In some embodiments, a player chooses a contract prior to
approaching the gaming device or even the casino. A player might
select a contract on the Internet. On the Internet, the player
might specify terms of the contract, such as the number of pulls,
the rate of play, the cost, the payout tables, the winning symbol
combinations, etc. The player may then print out a code or a
document describing the terms of the contract. The player then
brings the code or document to a gaming device that then recognizes
what contract the player has chosen. When the player signs up for a
contract, a description of the contract might be sent
electronically directly to the gaming device. The player might then
only identify himself at the gaming device in order to initiate
contract play.
[0217] Other terms of a contract a player may agree to or specify
include the font size of the machine, the noise level of the
machine's sound effects, the particular game (e.g., number of
reels, number of pay lines), the brightness of the display,
etc.
Signature
[0218] To confirm entry into a contract, a player might sign a
document that may contain the terms of the contract. The document
may be printed from a gaming device or from the Internet, or may be
obtained from a counter at a casino. The signed document may then
be deposited into an opening in the gaming device, may be returned
to a casino counter, or may be kept by the player. The player might
also sign an area on a touch screen or other sensing device.
[0219] A player might also confirm entry into a contract simply by
paying for it. The player might pay be depositing tokens, coins or
other currency into the gaming device. The player might pay using a
credit or debit card. The player might also pay from a player
credit account established with the casino. The player might pay at
a counter of the casino and might receive a contract or a contract
indicator to bring to a gaming device. The gaming device might then
recognize the contract indicator by, for example, a bar code, and
then execute the contract.
Instruction Sets
[0220] A typical contract may cover and/or require a large number
of handle pulls by the player. Now ordinarily, when a player is
gambling at a gaming device for a long period of time, the player
makes a number of decisions related to his gambling. Should the
player play more quickly or more slowly? Should the player double
his bet after a loss? Should the player quit after a sizable win?
Should the player take a short break to use the restroom?
[0221] Since the contract covers a large number of pulls, it is
possible for some player decisions to be made beforehand and
included in the contract. A gaming device may then act on the
decisions specified in the contract without further input from the
player. For example, while negotiating a contract for an hour of
play at 10 pulls per minute, a player might take a 15-minute break
between the first 1/2 hour and the second 1/2 hour of pulls. The
gaming device might then execute the contract for the first half
hour by automatically spinning and generating outcomes for the
first 1/2 hour. The gaming device might then freeze for 15 minutes,
preventing other players from stepping in and allowing the
contract-holding player to take his 15 minute break. The device can
then unlock after 15 minutes, perhaps with the entry of a password,
and resume the generation of outcomes.
[0222] One important aspect of having a player's decisions spelled
out before hand in the contract is that the player need not even be
present at the gaming device. A player can sign up for a contract
at a casino in Las Vegas, and then have the contract executed
automatically by a gaming device. The player can then view a
running tally of his accumulated credits over the Internet while in
Virginia, for example.
[0223] In general, player instructions built into a contract will
include some action to be performed as well as some triggering
condition for the action. As an example, a player instruction may
be to increase the rate of handle pulls provided accumulated player
credits exceed 100. In this example, the action is to increase the
rate of handle pulls, and the triggering condition is whether
accumulated player credits exceed 100. The following player actions
may be part of a player's instructions: [0224] Increase or decrease
a wager amount on one or more handle pulls. [0225] Increase or
decrease a rate of wagering. [0226] Cease gambling. [0227] Change
the way outcomes are displayed.
[0228] The following conditions may trigger the above actions
[0229] The player has just won or lost on one or more handle pulls.
[0230] The player has just won a certain amount on one or more
handle pulls. [0231] Any player-defined sequence of wins and losses
has occurred on prior handle pulls. [0232] The player has
approached or left the vicinity of the gaming device. [0233] The
current time has reached a particular time of day.
[0234] One advantage of contracts executed by the gaming device is
that a gaming device can gamble at speeds a human is incapable of
achieving. For example, a player is on a winning streak, but must
soon join his family for lunch. Rather than cash out and leave, he
decides to accelerate his play to two pulls per second. He
therefore enters into a contract, which is to be executed by the
machine at two pulls per second for the next 8 minutes. In this
contract, an insurer is not involved. The contract simply serves as
a means of increasing the rate of play. As it happens, the player
loses all his money in 6 minutes, and so the contract ends.
[0235] Player instructions may tell the slot machine to play faster
when the player is present or is observing in some way, and to play
more slowly while the player is asleep. For example, the rate of
pulls may be twice as fast during the day as at night. The rate of
play may likewise be faster when an infrared detector in the slot
machine senses the heat of the player's presence.
[0236] Player instructions may also tell a gaming device how to
play certain games involving player decisions. For example, a
player may leave instructions to use basic strategy in a game of
video blackjack, or to play according to published theory in a game
of video poker. The player may add instructions to always draw to a
four card open-ended straight flush.
Times of Execution
[0237] A contract may be executed over a range of different time
periods. The outcomes, the accumulated player credits, and the
player winnings may or may not be displayed to the player at the
same time at which the outcomes are being generated.
[0238] In one embodiment, all the outcomes needed for a contract
are generated very rapidly by a gaming device, perhaps all in less
than a second. The outcomes may then be displayed to the player
over a much longer time frame so as to give the player a more
exciting gaming experience.
[0239] In another embodiment, outcomes may be continuously
generated at a rate comparable to that with which a player might
make handle pulls on his own. This embodiment might be entertaining
for a player if the player is sitting at the gaming device or
watching the outcomes being generated from a home computer.
[0240] In another embodiment, outcomes are generated on a periodic
basis at fixed times every day, week, hour, etc. For example,
outcomes for a 600-pull contract may be generated 100 outcomes at a
time, each block being generated from 8 pm-9 pm on Sunday. Thus, it
would take just under six weeks for the entire contract to be
executed. This method of execution may be ideal if a player has a
schedule as to when he enjoys watching outcomes being generated.
For example, the player might enjoy seeing outcomes generated while
he watches his favorite show on Sundays from 8 pm to 9 pm. This
method of execution might also be ideal for the casino if slow
business periods occur on a periodic basis where the entire
contract cannot be executed in a single period.
[0241] In still another embodiment, outcomes are generated on a
flexible basis, either when it is convenient for the casino or for
the player. In this embodiment, the casino may wait for a gaming
device to be free of use before using it to generate the next
couple of outcomes of a contract. Alternatively, the player may
signal the gaming device any time he is ready to have the next few
outcomes generated
Viewing the Contract's Execution
[0242] As discussed, a player may enjoy watching from a remote
location as the outcomes of his contracts are generated. Since the
player is not physically at the slot machine, the outcomes may be
presented to the player via some graphical representation. In one
embodiment, a camera simply films the gaming device generating the
player's outcomes. The image from the camera is transmitted to the
player device via the Internet, the cable system, satellite, etc.
The player device might be, for example, a TV or a personal
computer. In another embodiment, the generated outcomes are
recorded either by the gaming device, by a camera watching the
device, or by a casino employee. The generation of the outcomes is
then graphically recreated for the player in a manner not
necessarily consistent with the physical appearance of the gaming
device that generated the outcomes. For example, a gaming device
generates the outcome: cherry-orange-lemon. The gaming device then
transmits, via the casino server and the Internet, a bit sequence
indicating the outcome cherry-orange-lemon. Perhaps the bits "0000"
represent cherry, "0011" represent orange, and "1111" represent
lemon. The bit sequence is transmitted to a player's home computer,
where a software program displays a cartoon representation of a
slot machine. The cartoon shows the reels spinning and stopping
with the outcome: cherry-orange-lemon. The cartoon representation
of the slot machine may not look anything like the slot machine
that originally generated the outcomes. In some embodiments, a
player views a combination of the actual image of his gaming
device, and a computer-rendered version of a gaming device. For
example, a cartoon of the reels spinning might be displayed within
the frame of an actual image of the slot machine, without the
reels.
[0243] In some embodiments, the player does not view a graphical
representation of the outcomes, but sees the outcomes as text, such
as "seven-bar-bar," "s-b-b," "7-b-b," etc. The player may not even
see the outcomes, just how much he has won or lost on every pull.
Thus, the player may view a periodically updated tally of his
accumulated credits. He may only view his total accumulated
credits, or his take home winnings, after all outcomes have been
generated.
[0244] Any graphical or textual representation of the player's
outcomes, accumulated credits, or other contract information may be
displayed either on an entire portion of a computer or TV screen,
or on a smaller portion of the screen. For example, a small cartoon
slot machine may reside in a box in the upper right hand corner of
a TV screen that simultaneously displays a regular TV show. A
player watching television need then only glance up at the corner
of his screen to follow the progress of his contract.
Representation of outcomes may also be place in an email message to
the player. Of course, the various representations of outcomes may
be used just as well with a player physically present at the gaming
device or at the casino.
[0245] In some embodiments, the player calls up a number to monitor
the progress of his contract. He may enter a code or password when
prompted by a voice response unit (VRU) and thereby access the
outcomes from his particular contract.
[0246] A player may be sent updates on his contract only when
certain triggering conditions are met. For example, a player may
only wish for updates when he wins more than 100 credits on a spin,
or when the contract terminates.
Revenue Management
[0247] As discussed previously, the pricing of a contract will
often take into account the expected amount an insurer must pay to
a casino to cover a player's losses, or the expected amount that a
casino and insurer in combination can expect to pay to compensate
the player for his winnings. Pricing of contracts may account for
additional factors such as, for example: [0248] times or dates on
which the contract is to be executed; [0249] the gaming device on
which the contract is to be executed; [0250] flexibility in the
contract's execution; [0251] a player's playing history; and [0252]
the importance of the player as a customer of the casino.
[0253] For example, a contract, which is to be executed during a
period of low customer activity at a casino, may be priced at a
discount. This is because a casino would like to encourage the use
of gaming devices that are otherwise empty. Alternatively, a casino
may want to discourage the purchase of contracts during times of
high customer traffic, and so contracts may be higher priced at
such times.
[0254] If a contract has flexibility as to when it may be executed,
then this allows the casino to execute contracts only during times
when gaming devices would not otherwise be in use. Therefore, such
a contract might be priced more favorably.
[0255] A contract that is executed at an unpopular gaming device,
for example, might be priced more favorably for the player so as to
encourage the use of that device.
[0256] If a player shows signs of nearing the end of his gambling
session, a contract might be priced at a discount for that player.
For example, a player might be slowing his rate of play, indicating
boredom. A player might be lowering his wager size, indicating a
decreasing bankroll. A player might simply have been at a gaming
device for such a long time that he would almost necessarily be
hungry enough to leave at any moment. Providing a discount on a
contract to such players would encourage them to remain gambling
for at least the time it takes to execute the contract.
Settlement
[0257] In some embodiments, the casino acts as the intermediary in
transactions between a player and the insurer. The casino is an
intermediary, for example, when its gaming devices collect a
player's payment for a contract, even though that payment is meant
to go to the insurer. The casino is also an intermediary when it
does not collect losses from a player, but from an insurer.
[0258] Since the casino may engage in many transactions with the
insurer, it would potentially be inefficient for the casino to
transfer money to the insurer, or vice versa, after every
transaction. Therefore, the casino or the insurer may maintain
records of how much one owes the other. The casino and the insurer
may then settle their accounts periodically. If the casino owes the
insurer money, then the casino may wire money to the insurer. If
the insurer owes the casino, then the insurer may wire money. Of
course, many other methods of settlement are possible.
[0259] In cases where a contract has resulted in a net win for the
player, the player must be paid. If the player is at the casino, he
may enter into a gaming device a password or other identifier of
himself or of his contract. The gaming device may then access a
database in the casino server containing the details of the
contract, including the amount owed to the player. The gaming
device may then payout the amount owed in the form of cash, tokens,
paper receipts or vouchers, digital cash, digital receipts, etc.
The player may also collect his winnings at a casino desk, perhaps
after presenting identification.
[0260] If a player is remote from a casino when his contract has
finished executing, then the player may be sent his winnings either
by the insurer or the casino. If the insurer provides the winnings,
then the casino may later reimburse the insurer in the amount of
the winnings. The winnings may be sent in the form of cash, check,
money order, etc. The winnings may be sent by postal mail, by wire
transfer, by direct deposit, by email as digital cash, etc.
[0261] In some embodiments, a players winnings on each pull of the
contract are reinvested into the contract, whereas in other
embodiments they are not. In one example, a player purchases a
contract for $100. The player instructs the gaming device to gamble
the $100 until it is all gone. However, any winnings that are not
to be used to gamble, are sent directly to the player. In a second
example, the player purchases a contract for $100 and instructs the
gaming device to gamble the $100 until it is gone or until it has
become $200. Here, the player elects to reinvest winnings, using
the winnings to pay for new handle pulls even after $100 worth of
handle pulls has been made already.
[0262] In some embodiments, the casino may simply keep the player's
winnings in a player account at a casino, to be accessed by the
player next time he visits the casino. The winnings may, in the
meantime, accumulate interest. The casino (or insurer) may also
alert the player that his contract has finished executing and that
he has winnings. The player may be instructed to come to the casino
and pick them up.
[0263] In some embodiments, the player may have left instructions
to take any winnings from a first contract and purchase a second
contract. This allows for the notion of a meta-contract. Just as a
contract may specify how to allocate money for pulls, a
meta-contract would describe how to allocate money for contracts.
There could then be meta-meta-contracts, and so on.
[0264] In another embodiment, a player might purchase a contract at
a casino desk and receive a token that indicates the type of
contract. The player might then deposit the token into a gaming
device. The gaming device would then recognize the token and be
able to execute the contract.
[0265] Returning now to the figures, FIG. 16 is a schematic
representation of an embodiment of a system configured to carry out
the contract embodiments described above. The system 1600 comprises
a casino server 1605 in communication with insurer device 1610, a
gaming device 1615, and a player device 1620. As used herein, a
device (including the casino server 1605, the insurer device 1610,
the gaming device 1615 and/or the player device 1620) may
communicate, for example, through a communication network such as a
Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Metropolitan
Area Network (MAN), a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a
proprietary network, a Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) network, or
an Internet Protocol (IP) network such as the Internet, an intranet
or an extranet. Moreover, as used herein, a communication network
includes those enabled by wired or wireless technology.
[0266] It should be understood that any number of gaming devices
and any number of player devices could be used in system 1600.
Although system 1600 includes both a casino server 1605 and an
insurer device 1610 as illustrated, one or the other of these
elements may be omitted (for example, the insurer device may be
omitted in embodiments that do not include an insurer or where the
casino acts as the insurer). Similarly, although system 1600
includes both a gaming device 1615 and a player device 1620 as
illustrated, one or more of these embodiments may be omitted (for
example, the player device may be omitted if the casino has not
implemented remote gaming). Further, some or all of the
functionality of a casino server 1605 may be carried out by insurer
device 1610 and vice versa. Similarly, some or all of the
functionality of casino server 1605 and/or insurer device 1610 may
be carried out by gaming device 1615 and vice versa. In one
embodiment, the casino server 1605 comprises one or more computers
that are connected to a remote database server.
[0267] Turning now to FIG. 17, therein depicted is schematic
illustration of a casino server 1605. Casino server 1605 is an
illustration of an embodiment of the casino server of the same
number in FIG. 16. Casino server 1605 comprises a processor 1705 in
communication with a communications port 1710 and storage device
1715. Contained in storage device 1715 is a program 1720, a player
database 1725, a gaming device database 1725, and a contracts
database 1730. Each of these databases will be described in detail
below. The processor 1705 performs instructions of the program
1720, and thereby operates in accordance with the present
invention. The program 1720 may be stored in a compressed,
uncompiled and/or encrypted format. The program 1720 furthermore
includes program elements that may be necessary, such as an
operating system, a database management system, and "device
drivers" used by the processor 210 to interface with peripheral
devices. Appropriate program elements are known to those skilled in
the art.
[0268] Note that the processor 1705 and the storage device 1715 may
be, for example, located entirely within a single computer or other
computing device or located in separate devices coupled through a
communication channel.
[0269] Turning now to FIG. 18, therein depicted is a schematic
illustration of an insurer device 1610. Insurer device 1610 is an
illustration of an embodiment of the insurer device 1610 of the
same number in FIG. 16. Insurer device comprises a processor 1805
in communication with a communications port 1810 and a storage
device 1815. Storage device 1815 stores a program 1820. The
processor 1805 performs instructions of the program 1820, and
thereby operates in accordance with the present invention. The
program 1820 may be stored in a compressed, uncompiled, and/or
encrypted format. The program 1820 furthermore includes program
elements that may be necessary, such as an operating system, a
database management system, and "device drivers" used by the
processor 1805 to interface with peripheral devices. Appropriate
program elements are known to those skilled in the art. Note that
the processor 1805 and the storage device 1815 may be, for example,
located entirely within a single computer or other computing device
or located in separate devices coupled through a communication
channel.
[0270] Turning now to FIG. 19, therein depicted is a schematic
illustration of a gaming device 1615. Gaming device 1615 is an
illustration of an embodiment of the gaming device of the same
number depicted in FIG. 16. Gaming device 1615 comprises a
processor 1905 in communication with a communications port 1910, an
input device 1915, an output device 1920, and a storage device
1925. Storage device 1925 stores a program 1930. The processor 1905
performs instructions of the program 1930, and thereby operates in
accordance with the present invention. The program 1930 may be
stored in a compressed, uncompiled, and/or encrypted format. The
program 1930 furthermore includes program elements that may be
necessary, such as an operating system, a database management
system, and "device drivers" used by the processor 1905 to
interface with peripheral devices. Appropriate program elements are
known to those skilled in the art.
[0271] Note that the processor 1905 and the storage device 1925 may
be, for example, located entirely within a single computer or other
computing device or located in separate devices coupled through a
communication channel.
[0272] Input device 1915 may comprise, for example, a player slot
card interface, a keypad, a touch-screen, a microphone and/or any
other device that allows a player to input information into gaming
device 1615. Output device 1920 may comprise, for example, a
display area, a microphone, and/or any other device that allows
gaming device 1615 to output information to a player. Gaming device
1615 may comprise, for example, a slot machine, video poker
machine, video keno machine, or a video blackjack machine. A
combination of these machines may be used in embodiments where
casino server 1605 is in communication with more than one gaming
device 1615.
[0273] Turning now to FIG. 20, therein depicted is a schematic
illustration of a player device 1620. Player device 1620 is an
illustration of an embodiment of the player device of the same
number depicted in FIG. 16. Player device 1620 may be, for example,
a personal computer (PC), laptop, personal digital assistant, a
cellular telephone, a pager, and/or any other device that allows a
player to remotely monitor and participate in play of a gaming
device in accordance with the present invention. Player device 1620
comprises a processor 2005 in communication with a communications
port 2010 and a storage device 2015. Storage device 2015 stores a
program 2020. The processor 2005 performs instructions of the
program 2020, and thereby operates in accordance with the present
invention. The program 2020 may be stored in a compressed,
uncompiled, and/or encrypted format. The program 2020 furthermore
includes program elements that may be necessary, such as an
operating system, a database management system, and "device
drivers" used by the processor 2005 to interface with peripheral
devices. Appropriate program elements are known to those skilled in
the art. Note that the processor 2005 and the storage device 2015
may be, for example, located entirely within a single computer or
other computing device or located in separate devices coupled
through a communication channel.
[0274] It should be noted that any and all of the processors 1705,
1805, 1905, and 2005 may comprise one or more microprocessors such
as one or more INTEL.RTM. Pentium.RTM. processors. Further, any and
all of the storage devices 1720, 1815, 1925, and 2015 may comprise
any appropriate storage device, including combinations of magnetic
storage devices (e.g., magnetic tape and hard disk drives), optical
storage devices and semiconductor memory devices, such as Random
Access Memory (RAM) devices and Read Only Memory (ROM) devices.
[0275] Examples of databases that may be used in connection with
the system 1600 will now be described in detail with respect to
FIGS. 21 through 23. Each figure depicts a database in which the
data is organized according to a data structure in accordance with
embodiments of the present invention. The data may be stored, for
example, on a computer readable medium and be accessible by a
program executed on a data processing system. The schematic
illustrations and accompanying descriptions of the databases
presented herein are exemplary, and any number of other database
arrangements could be employed besides those suggested by the
figures.
Player Database
[0276] Referring to FIG. 21, a table represents one embodiment of
the player database 1720 that may be stored at the casino server
1605 shown in FIG. 16 according to an embodiment of the present
invention. The table includes entries identifying players that may
be participating in contracts for flat rate gaming sessions with
system 1600. The table also defines fields 2105, 2110, 2115, 2120,
2125, 2130, and 2135 for each of the entries. The fields specify
(i) a player identifier 2105 that uniquely identifies a player;
(ii) a name 2110 associated with the player; (iii) an address 2115
that facilitates communications with the player; (iv) a financial
account identifier 2120, such as a credit or debit card account,
associated with the player through which payment may be obtained
and to which player winnings may be credited; (v) demographic
information 2125 that may be utilized to determine a price or other
terms for a contract; (vi) credits 2130 that represent the amount
of casino credits associated with the player; and (vii) a lifetime
coin-in 2135 that represents the amount of coin-in wagered by the
player over the course of his or her relationship with the casino
and/or insurer.
Gaming Device Database
[0277] Referring to FIG. 22, a table represents one embodiment of
the gaming device database 1725 that may be stored at the casino
server 1605 shown in FIG. 16 according to an embodiment of the
present invention. The table includes entries identifying gaming
devices operated by the casino. The table also defines fields 2205,
2210, and 2215 for each of the entries. The fields specify a (i) a
gaming device identifier 2205 that identifies a gaming device; (ii)
a name 2210 associated with the gaming devices, such as, for
example, Diamond Mine.RTM.; and (iii) a manufacturer 2215 of the
gaming device.
Contract Database
[0278] Referring to FIG. 23, a table represents one embodiment of
the contract database 1730 that may be stored at the casino server
1605 shown in FIG. 16 according to an embodiment of the present
invention. The table includes entries identifying contracts that
may or have been purchased via the system 1600. The table also
defines fields 2305, 2310, 2315, 2320, 2325, 2330, 2335, 2340, and
2345 for each of the entries. The fields specify (i) a contract
identifier 2305 that identifies a contract that has been purchased
or is available for purchase by a player; (ii) a player identifier
2310 that identifies a player, if any, that may be associated with
the contract; (iii) an initial bankroll 2315; (iv) a description
2320 that describes the terms of the contract; (v) a cost 2325 of
the contract; (vi) a result 2330 that indicates the current status
of the contract; (vii) an amount owed the player 2335; (viii) an
amount owed the insurer 2340; and (ix) a total amount owed the
insurer 2345.
[0279] A method that may be used in connection with the system 1600
according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be
described in detail with respect to FIG. 24. The method shown in
FIG. 24 may be performed, for example, by a casino server 1605 in
response to a player's request to purchase a contract and after
determining the price and terms of the contract the player wishes
to purchase. This flow chart does not imply a fixed order to the
steps, and embodiments of the present invention may be practiced in
other orders.
[0280] The method 2400 begins upon receipt of payment from a player
for a fixed number of pulls in step 2405. In other embodiments,
this step may comprise receipt of payment for a fixed duration of
time during which the player may play. Receipt of payment may
comprise, for example, receipt of a monetary input into a gaming
device 1615 or receipt of (and, e.g., approval of a charge on) a
financial account identifier. The received payment, or an
indication of it, is then transmitted to an insurer in step 2410.
Outcomes are then generated for a fixed number of pulls in step
2415. An adjustment of a tally of the player's accumulated credits
based on the outcomes is performed in step 2420.
[0281] In step 2425, it is determined whether the adjusted tally
exceeds a predetermined threshold. If it does, the method 2400
proceeds to step 2435 where the player is paid the amount by which
the tally exceeds the threshold. Payment to the player may be
achieved by, for example, outputting a monetary amount comprising
the payment to the player at the gaming device or by crediting the
amount of the payment to a financial account identifier associated
with the player. If it is determined in step 2425 that the adjusted
tally does not exceed the predetermined threshold then the method
2400 proceeds to step 2430 in which the amount by which the tally
falls short of the threshold is collected from the insurer.
[0282] Additional Description of Various Embodiments
[0283] As further illustration of what has been described herein,
additional descriptions of some embodiments of the present
invention will now be set forth. Specifically, various examples of
embodiments comprising a video poker gaming device will now be
described. It should be noted that, as used herein, the terms
"session," "gaming session," "play session," "flat rate session"
and "flat rate play session" may be used to describe flat rate
session play of the present invention. The terms "contract" or
"gaming contract" refer to the agreement for the purchase of the
gaming session wherein players provide a flat price and in exchange
execute a plurality of game plays administered by a gaming
device.
[0284] For example, if a gaming device is described as storing a
number of gaming contracts with operator-specified parameters, it
may be understood that such contracts are in essence pricing
arrangements that allow players to execute one or more gaming
sessions by providing a flat rate price.
[0285] As described, the contract prices of various flat rate
sessions may be determined based on a variety of associated
parameters, such as the duration of the contract, the wager amount
per game play, the starting balance of the contract, active payouts
associated with the contract, and so on.
[0286] For example, as described, in one or more embodiments, an
operator may calculate (e.g., by way of repeated mathematical
simulation) the average amount paid out to a player of a gaming
contract when the contract comprises various parameters. For
example, it may be determined that the average "contract cost" for
a draw video poker contract is characterized by the following
parameters: [0287] contract duration/interval; [0288] wager amount
per hand; [0289] active pay combinations; [0290] probability of
achieving certain winning game hand combinations; and [0291]
threshold above which player may collect winnings.
[0292] Thus, after simulating play of a gaming contract with the
above parameters, the average winning outcome derived by the player
can be determined. An operator may multiply the contract cost by a
desired margin to arrive at a retail price. In other embodiments,
an operator may calculate a retail price by adding a fixed amount
to a contract cost.
Optional Game Features
[0293] It should further be noted that, as described, a gaming
device and/or server may alternately or additionally be configured
to determine the price of a contract based on player-requested
parameters. For example, a player may choose a particular payout
table, contract duration and wager amount per game play, and a
price may be determined accordingly. In other embodiments, a gaming
device and/or server of the present invention may be configured to
determine various contract parameters based on a requested price
input by a player.
[0294] For example, a player may simply approach a gaming device,
enter (e.g., using a keypad) or select (e.g., by pressing an icon
of a touch-sensitive display screen) a particular price, the game
(or game type) desired, and a gaming device may then output a menu
of available contracts based on the price. For example, for a
retail price of $20, a casino may be willing to offer any contract
with a contract cost of $15 or less. Further, in one example, based
on the price requested by a player and an hourly profit rate
specified by an operator, a gaming device and/or server of the
present invention may be configured to determine appropriate
parameters of a "custom" contract. For example, if a player enters
a price of $17, and an operator has entered a desired hourly profit
rate of $9, the player may be offered a variety of 30-minute
contracts with associated costs of $4, one-hour contracts With
associated costs of $8, 45-minute contracts with associated costs
of $6, and so on.
[0295] In this manner, the retail price of a gaming contract or
flat rate gaming session may be determined. A player may then
purchase a gaming contract or flat rate gaming session in a manner
described herein, and play within the contract or session may
commence.
[0296] Additionally, in some embodiments, the player may be given
the opportunity to purchase or select additional game features as
options to the contract (e.g., before a player purchases a gaming
session through a contract or while a player is executing play
within the contract). In one embodiment, a fee may be associated
with each feature the player selects. Thus, in some embodiments,
the present invention may comprise, (i) receiving a selection of an
additional contract feature, (ii) receiving payment for the
feature, and (iii) enabling the feature.
[0297] For example, in one embodiment, a player may select a
particular contract with operator-specified parameters. Before
contract play begins, the player may be shown (e.g., via a
touch-sensitive display device) a menu offering one or more
additional game play features and associated fees (e.g., "For
double Royal Flush payouts, add $5 to price seen above"). Various
features may then be made available to players of flat-rate
sessions.
[0298] Several features will now be described with respect to a
video poker gaming machine, though it should be appreciated that a
variety of other types of gaming devices (e.g., slot machines,
video keno machines, video blackjack machines, etc.) are
contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention.
These game play features include, including but not limited to the
following examples: [0299] increased payout amounts than listed in
the standard payout table (e.g., for an extra fee, a player can
receive 5,000 coins for hitting a Royal Flush instead of 4,000
coins); [0300] increased probabilities (e.g., for an extra fee, a
player can add a "Wild" card to the deck); [0301] a greater number
of winning pay combinations (e.g., a player can add a "4-Card Royal
Flush In Sequence" pay combination); and [0302] a progressive
jackpot feature (e.g., for an extra fee, a player becomes eligible
to receive a progressive jackpot).
[0303] In addition to the game play features described above, game
play features may be offered that help limit the loss a player may
experience important in a gaming session where a player may incur a
negative credit balance early in the gaming session and potentially
lose interest in the remainder of the game. These loss limiting
game play features are described below. [0304] Bonuses or features
based on the player's credit balance during the contract and/or
interval remaining in the contract. For example, players might also
receive additional video poker hands (e.g., receive the ability to
draw to three poker hands simultaneously) when a balance is low.
[0305] Negative balance limit (e.g., for an extra fee, a player can
ensure that the player's balance does not fall beneath -100
credits, such that any wagers placed when a balance is equal to
-100 will not result in a further decrease in credit balance).
[0306] "Start Over" option (e.g., for an extra fee, if the player's
balance is lower than some threshold amount of credits after some
interval has elapsed, the player may start the session over from
the beginning at no additional cost). [0307] "Booster" option
(e.g., for an extra fee, if the player's balance is lower than some
threshold amount of credits and there is only a small duration of
the contract remaining, the player can "boost" the players balance
back to zero or some other predetermined level). [0308] Option to
terminate a contract early, including in some embodiments, a buy
back provision to compensate for remaining time in the gaming
session.
[0309] Numerous variations on the above-described embodiments of
the present invention may be practiced without departing from the
spirit and scope of the present invention.
[0310] Players might also receive benefits based on their credit
balance during a gaming session. In one example, if during a gaming
session a player's balance is sufficiently negative (e.g., beneath
a threshold number of credits), the player may receive increased
payout amounts associated with various outcomes (e.g., Full House
pays triple when players are below -100 credits).
[0311] Alternatively, certain game play features may be awarded
based on the time that has elapsed during the session or the time
that remains within the session. For example, during the last
minute of a flat rate video poker session, players may receive
increased payout amounts associated with certain outcomes. A player
near the end of a gaming session with a negative balance might lose
all hope of winning enough to overcome the negative credit balance
deficit. This could potentially cause the player to abandon the
gaming session, or continue play with less than enthusiastic
participation.
[0312] Therefore, in one embodiment, a player who has a
predetermined negative credit balance may be allowed to use an
alternate pay table. Low paying outcomes may be eliminated, while
the likelihood of achieving high paying outcomes may increase. A
player with a large deficit probably does not care about small
credit awards, but does care about a very large award. In one
embodiment, the overall hold percentage of the gaming device may
remain constant.
[0313] In some embodiments, the alteration of the pay tables is an
automatic function of the number of pulls remaining and the credit
deficit of the player. In other embodiments, the player may request
an alteration of the pay tables.
[0314] As an example, a player may select an option that says, "Let
me play just for the jackpot. Eliminate everything else and make
the jackpot more likely." The player may or may not have to pay for
an alteration of the pay tables. In a more general sense, in
accordance with some embodiments the pay tables may change,
altering the volatility of the game, yet, maintaining a constant
pay back percentage.
[0315] Another example of a contract option for a game play feature
includes buying insurance. A player may be rewarded with the
downside of a sequence of outcomes much as buying insurance gives
him the upside. For example, a player pays a fixed sum of money,
and collects winnings for every dollar in the negative at the
termination of the contract. Thus, if a contract ends with the
player having minus 20 accumulated credits, then the player
collects 20 credits.
[0316] Accordingly, in some embodiments a gaming device and/or
server of the present invention may comprise means for presenting a
base contract and determining a contract price without options. The
player may then be presented with a list of player selectable
options for game play features that may modify the contract
price.
[0317] For example, one or more algorithms stored within the gaming
device and/or server may price each individual game play feature
selected and modify the base contract price accordingly. Thus, a
gaming device may comprise the flexibility to allow players to
identify a variety of contract parameters, and to allow operators
to specify hourly income rates or other profit rules such that
contracts may be priced dynamically based on the player-identified
parameters.
[0318] In still another embodiment, the selected game features may
not change the contract price. Instead, the gaming device may
offset the player-selected features that provide a positive payback
percentage bias with altered game play features selected by the
gaming device to provide a negative payback percentage bias in
order to maintain a substantially constant payback percentage.
These negative payback features may be hidden in bonus games (e.g.,
offering fewer triggers to bonus games, fewer types of bonus games
in games that offer a plurality of bonuses, etc.). These bonus
games are most typically found in slot-type gaming machines.
[0319] In a related embodiment, the game feature may be determined
by the gaming device during the gaming session. This game feature
may be selected as a result of a trigger event that occurs during
the gaming session. The trigger event may be a predetermined game
outcome that provides a player with either an enhanced award and/or
a greater probability of obtaining an award. For example, the
triggering event may be a bonus trigger that results from a game
outcome occurring during the gaming session that provides a player
with a bonus game. This game feature may be provided to the player
without any additional cost to the player or any adjustment to the
payback percentage.
[0320] The basic underlying probability and pay tables of the game
may be altered to maintain a substantially constant payback
percentage. For example, the pay table may be changed to offer
different award amounts or a different number of winning game
outcomes. Likewise, the probability table used by the game may be
altered to obtain the desired payback percentage.
[0321] A player may also request that various settings or
preferences may be stored (e.g., as a record of a database
maintained within the memory of a gaming device and/or server). Any
type of customizable parameter of a gaming device may be stored as
a preference, including but not limited to colors, card or symbol
themes, preferred payout structures, the speed with which reels
spin or cards are drawn, preferred automatic play settings, music
or sound options, language, and so on.
[0322] As described, in some embodiments a gaming device and/or
server may comprise means for providing one or more of the
above-described options or features to a player after the player
purchases a contract and may or may not require the player to pay
for such an option or feature (e.g., as a prize, bonus, consolation
prize, reward for certain behaviors or events, etc.). For example,
a player may receive a game outcome that entitles the player to a
particular bonus game or game feature for the remainder of the
contract, for a portion of the remaining contract.
[0323] Methods for customizing gaming devices are described in
Applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 6,068,552, filed Mar. 31, 1998, entitled
"A GAMING DEVICE AND METHOD OF OPERATION THEREOF"; U.S. Pat. No.
6,110,041, filed Dec. 30, 1996, entitled "METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR
ADAPTING GAMING DEVICES TO PLAYING PREFERENCES"; and U.S.
application Ser. No. 10/361,201, filed Feb. 7, 2003, entitled "A
GAMING DEVICE AND METHOD OF OPERATION THEREOF"; the entirety of
each are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
CONCLUSION
[0324] Although the foregoing preferred embodiments employ slot
machines and video poker machines, it is within the scope of the
present invention to employ other types of gaming devices, such as
video roulette machines, video blackjack machines and the like.
[0325] Thus, while the present invention has been described in
terms of certain preferred embodiments, other embodiments that are
apparent to those of skill in the art are also intended to be
within the scope of the present invention. For example, the present
invention may be practiced by an online casino utilizing only
software and not involving traditional slot machines. Accordingly,
the scope of the present invention is intended to be limited only
by the claims appended hereto.
* * * * *