U.S. patent application number 11/207141 was filed with the patent office on 2006-02-23 for makeup or care kit for nails.
Invention is credited to Philippe Ilekti.
Application Number | 20060037624 11/207141 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35908519 |
Filed Date | 2006-02-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060037624 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ilekti; Philippe |
February 23, 2006 |
Makeup or care kit for nails
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a makeup or care kit for
nails, comprising: i) at least one first liquid composition, and
ii) at least one flexible polymeric film, said film and said first
liquid composition being such that, when the at least one film is
applied to the nail coated with the at least one first liquid
composition, the film adheres to the nail. The invention also
relates to a method for making up or caring for nails.
Inventors: |
Ilekti; Philippe;
(Maison-Alfort, FR) |
Correspondence
Address: |
FINNEGAN, HENDERSON, FARABOW, GARRETT & DUNNER;LLP
901 NEW YORK AVENUE, NW
WASHINGTON
DC
20001-4413
US
|
Family ID: |
35908519 |
Appl. No.: |
11/207141 |
Filed: |
August 19, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60604715 |
Aug 27, 2004 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
132/73 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A45D 29/001 20130101;
A45D 31/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
132/073 |
International
Class: |
A45D 29/00 20060101
A45D029/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Aug 20, 2004 |
FR |
04 51879 |
Claims
1. A makeup kit for nails, comprising: i) at least one first liquid
composition; ii) at least one flexible polymeric film, wherein said
at least one film and said at least one first liquid composition
being such that, when the at least one film is applied to the nail
coated with the at least one first liquid composition, the film
adheres to the nail.
2. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one polymeric
film is derived from the crosslinking of a crosslinkable
composition and/or from the evaporation of the solvent phase of a
solution or dispersion of at least one film-forming polymer.
3. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first
liquid composition comprises at least one adhesive material and an
organic solvent phase.
4. The kit according to claim 3, wherein the at least one adhesive
material is chosen from copolymers derived from the
copolymerization of vinyl monomers with polymeric entities;
copolymers that have a polymeric backbone and a Tg ranging from
0.degree. C. to 45.degree. C. and are grafted with chains that
derive from acrylic and/or methacrylic monomers and have a Tg
ranging from 50.degree. C. to 200.degree. C.; and polyisobutylenes
having a relative molar mass Mv ranging from 10,000 to 150,000.
5. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first
liquid composition comprises a solvent phase and at least one
film-forming polymer.
6. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one polymeric
film has a solids content of greater than or equal to 80% by
weight.
7. The kit according to claim 6, wherein the at least one polymeric
film has a solids content of greater than or equal to 85% by
weight.
8. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one polymeric
film is derived from the thermal, photochemical and/or chemical
crosslinking of a crosslinkable composition.
9. The kit according to claim 8, wherein the crosslinking
composition comprises at least one reactive system comprising: at
least one first compound (A) comprising at least two functional
groups (X), and at least one second compound (B) comprising at
least two functional groups (Y), that are reactive with respect to
the functional groups (X), said at least one reactive system having
an average functionality of greater than 2, wherein the
functionality is defined as: (total number of functions (X) and
(Y)/total number of molecules of compounds (A) and (B)).
10. The kit according to claim 8, wherein the crosslinking involves
polyaddition and/or polycondensation of at least one compound
comprising at least two isocyanate and/or epoxide functional groups
with compounds having at least two functional groups comprising at
least one labile hydrogen.
11. The kit according to claim 10, wherein the at least one
compound bearing reactive functional groups of isocyanate type are
chosen from diisocyanates, triisocyanates and polyisocyanates that
are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic, having a molecular mass
of less than 10,000.
12. The kit according to claim 8, wherein the crosslinking is
carried out photochemically and uses at least two types of
compounds bearing, respectively, at least one unsaturated double
bond, in the presence of a photo-initiator.
13. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one
polymeric film is derived from the evaporation of the solvent phase
of a solution or dispersion of at least one film-forming
polymer.
14. The kit according to claim 5, wherein the at least one
film-forming polymer is chosen from (meth)acrylic acid ester and/or
amide homo- and copolymers, vinyl ester or amide homo- and
copolymers, celluloses, cellulose derivatives, polyurethanes,
acrylic polyurethanes, polyureas, polyurea polyurethanes, polyester
polyurethanes, polyether polyurethanes, polyesters,
polyester-amides, fatty chain polyesters, epoxys, and
arylsulphonamide condensates.
15. The kit according to claim 3, wherein the solvent phase
comprises at least one organic solvent chosen from: short-chain
esters (having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in total); ketones that are
liquid at ambient temperature; alcohols that are liquid at ambient
temperature; glycols that are liquid at ambient temperature;
propylene glycol ethers that are liquid at ambient temperature;
aldehydes that are liquid at ambient temperature; carbonates; and
acetals.
16. The kit according to claim 5, wherein the solvent phase
comprises at least one organic solvent chosen from: short-chain
esters (having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in total); ketones that are
liquid at ambient temperature; alcohols that are liquid at ambient
temperature; glycols that are liquid at ambient temperature;
propylene glycol ethers that are liquid at ambient temperature;
aldehydes that are liquid at ambient temperature; carbonates; and
acetals.
17. The kit according to claim 15, wherein the at least one organic
solvent is present in an amount ranging from 5% to 95% by weight,
relative to the total weight of the composition.
18. The kit according to claim 17, wherein the at least one organic
solvent is present in an amount ranging from 10% to 85% by weight,
relative to the total weight of the composition.
19. The kit according to claim 16, wherein the at least one organic
solvent is present in an amount ranging from 5% to 95% by weight,
relative to the total weight of the composition.
20. The kit according to claim 19, wherein the at least one organic
solvent is present in an amount ranging from 10% to 85% by weight,
relative to the total weight of the composition.
21. The kit according to claim 2, wherein the at least one
polymeric film is derived from the evaporation of the aqueous phase
of an aqueous dispersion of particles of at least one film-forming
polymer.
22. The kit according to claim 21, wherein the aqueous dispersion
of particles of the at least one film-forming polymer is chosen
from a latex, a pseudolatex, or a mixture thereof.
23. The kit according to claim 21, wherein the at least one
film-forming polymer is chosen from polycondensates; anionic,
cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric polyurethanes;
polyurethane-acrylics; polyurethane-polyvinylpyrrolidones;
polyester-polyurethanes; polyether-polyurethanes; polyureas;
polyurea-polyurethanes; polyesters; polyester amides; fatty chain
polyesters; polyamides; epoxy ester resins; acrylic and/or vinyl
polymers or copolymers; acrylic/silicone and/or
nitrocellulose/acrylic copolymers; and polymers formed from the
free-radical polymerization of at least one free-radical monomer
within and/or partially at the surface of pre-existing particles of
at least one polymer chosen from polyurethanes, polyureas,
polyesters, polyester amides and/or alkyds.
24. The kit according to claim 1, wherein at least one major
organic solvent of the at least one first liquid composition can
bring about an increase in mass of the at least one flexible
polymeric film brought into contact with it, of greater than or
equal to 10%, after immersion of the film for 60 minutes in the
solvent at ambient temperature (25.degree. C.).
25. The kit according to claim 24, wherein the at least one major
organic solvent of the at least one first liquid composition can
bring about an increase in mass of the at least one flexible
polymeric film brought into contact with it, of greater than or
equal to 20%, after immersion of the film for 60 minutes in the
solvent at ambient temperature (25.degree. C.).
26. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first
liquid composition and/or the at least one polymeric film further
comprises at least one adjuvent chosen from co-resins,
plasticizers, coalescence agents and spreading agents.
27. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first
liquid composition and/or the at least one flexible polymeric film
further comprises an effective amount of at least one dyestuff.
28. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first
liquid composition and/or the at least one flexible polymeric film
comprises at least one material with an optical, relief and/or
olfactory effect.
29. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first
liquid composition is transparent.
30. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first
liquid composition is free of any dyestuff and of any material with
an optical and/or relief effect.
31. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one flexible
polymeric film is precut to the shape and to the size of the
nail.
32. A makeup or care kit for nails, comprising: i) at least one
first liquid composition comprising an organic solvent phase and at
least one film-forming polymer, ii) at least one flexible polymeric
film that is derived from the evaporation of the organic or aqueous
solvent phase of a solution or dispersion of at least one
film-forming polymer, wherein the at lest one flexible polymeric
film and the at least one first liquid composition being such that,
when the film is applied to the nail coated with said first
composition, the film adheres to the nail.
33. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one
polymeric film can be removed with at least one organic
solvent.
34. The kit according to claim 32, wherein the at least one
polymeric film can be removed with at least one organic
solvent.
35. A method for making up or caring for nails, comprising:
applying to the nail at least one layer of at least one first
liquid composition, and applying to the at least one layer, at
least one flexible polymeric film that can adhere to the nail via
said at least one layer of first liquid composition.
36. The method according to claim 35, wherein the at least one
polymeric film is applied to the at least one layer of the at least
one first liquid composition after partial drying of said
layer.
37. A method for making up nails, comprising applying to the nail
at least one flexible polymeric film, the face of the film to
contact the nail having been coated with at least one layer of at
least one first liquid composition, said at least one film and said
at least one first liquid composition being such that, when the
film is applied to the nail, the film adheres to the nail.
38. The method according to claim 35, wherein the at least one
first liquid composition comprises at least one adhesive material
and an organic solvent phase.
39. The method according to claim 37, wherein the at least one
first liquid composition comprises at least one adhesive material
and an organic solvent phase.
40. The method according to claim 35, wherein the at least one
polymeric film is derived from the crosslinking of a crosslinkable
composition and/or from the evaporation of the solvent phase of a
solution or dispersion of at least one film-forming polymer.
41. The method according to claim 37, wherein the at least one
polymeric film is derived from the crosslinking of a crosslinkable
composition and/or from the evaporation of the solvent phase of a
solution or dispersion of at least one film-forming polymer.
42. The method according to one of claim 35, wherein the at least
one polymeric film is precut to the shape of the nail.
43. The method according to one of claim 37, wherein the at least
one polymeric film is precut to the shape of the nail.
44. The method according to claim 35, further comprising cutting
the polymeric film to the shape and the size of the nail.
45. The method according to claim 37, further comprising cutting
the polymeric film to the shape and the size of the nail.
46. The method according to claim 35, wherein at least one
additional layer of at least one second liquid composition
comprising a film-forming polymer and an organic solvent medium is
applied to the at least one polymeric film.
47. The method according to claim 37, wherein at least one
additional layer of at least one second liquid composition
comprising a film-forming polymer and an organic solvent medium is
applied to the at least one polymeric film.
48. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first
liquid composition and the at least one flexible polymeric film are
packaged separately.
49. The kit according to claim 32, wherein the at least one first
liquid composition and the at least one flexible polymeric film are
packaged separately.
Description
[0001] This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/604,715, filed Aug. 27, 2004, the contents of
which are incorporated herein by reference. This application also
claims benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 119 to French
Patent Application No. 04 51879, filed Aug. 20, 2004, the contents
of which are also incorporated herein by reference.
[0002] The present disclosure relates to a makeup and/or care kit
for nails or false nails and to a method for making up nails or
false nails.
[0003] In general, making up nails or false nails can be
restrictive since it can require a considerable amount of time. For
instance, the nail varnish user may apply several coats of varnish
that must be left to dry. After 3 to 5 days, the varnish may chip
and the gloss may decrease, therefore the nail varnish user may
have to remove the makeup from the nails and make them up
again.
[0004] Consequently, in the interests of creating makeup
compositions for nails, or false nails, that may last better and/or
longer, nail varnish compositions in the form of a kit comprising
two liquid nail varnish compositions have been proposed. However,
they may still only last moderately and the application of several
layers may be considered even more restrictive.
[0005] In addition, when the nail varnish is colored, its
application can remain tricky and lengthy because of the risk of
the varnish spilling over onto the outline of the nail.
[0006] Accordingly, the present disclosure relates to a makeup
and/or care kit for nails or false nails that can make it possible
to overcome at least one of the abovementioned drawbacks, i.e. that
can last better on the nail over time and/or that is easy and rapid
to apply.
[0007] For example, the present disclosure relates to a makeup or
care kit for nails, comprising: [0008] i) at least one first liquid
composition; [0009] ii) at least one flexible polymeric film,
wherein said at least one film and said at least one first liquid
composition are chosen such that, when the at least one film is
applied to a nail coated with said at least one first composition,
the at least one film adheres to the nail.
[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
makeup kit comprises at least one polymeric film and at least one
first liquid composition in separate packaging.
[0011] Another embodiment of the present disclosure is the use of a
kit as described above, for obtaining a film deposited on the nail,
having improved lasting properties and/or improved resistance to
wear.
[0012] Still another embodiment of the present disclosure is a
method for making up nails, comprising: [0013] applying to a nail
at least one layer of at least one first liquid composition, and
[0014] applying to said layer a flexible polymeric film capable of
adhering to the nail via said first liquid composition.
[0015] Another aspect of the present disclosure is a method for
making up nails, comprising applying to a nail at least one
flexible polymeric film, wherein the face of the polymeric film
intended to be in contact with the nail has been coated beforehand
with at least one layer of at least one first liquid composition,
said at least one film and said first liquid composition being
chosen such that, when the film is applied to the nail, the at
least one film adheres to the nail.
[0016] The flexible polymeric film, and for example, the excess
film, can be precut or cut, before or after its application,
according to the size and the shape desired, with small scissors or
nail clippers, or by scraping the film.
[0017] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, at
least one additional layer of at least one second liquid
composition, such as a conventional nail varnish, comprising at
least one film-forming polymer and an organic solvent medium, or
"topcoat," can be applied to the polymeric film in order to improve
the gloss thereof.
[0018] The at least one polymeric film of the kit in accordance
with the present disclosure is flexible and exhibits sufficient
flexibility to conform to the profile of the nail. It differs in
this respect from a false nail, which does not exhibit such
flexibility.
[0019] As used herein, the term "flexible" is understood to mean
sufficient flexibility of the at least one polymeric film of the
kit according to the present disclosure to conform to the profile
of a nail. For example, this flexible film is able to lend itself
to mechanical deformations of the stretching type in order to
adjust itself to the surface of a nail. This deformability is, for
example, characterized by the parameter of ultimate strain
.epsilon..sub.b discussed hereinafter.
[0020] The at least one flexible polymeric film according to the
present disclosure differs from an article of the false nail type,
which is characterized by a rigidity that is incompatible with such
a mechanical deformation.
[0021] Another difference between the at least one flexible
polymeric film in accordance with the present disclosure and a
false nail lies in the sensitivity of this film with respect to
polar organic solvents of the acetone, ester and/or short alcohol
type. The at least one polymeric film has an ability to swell,
which, for instance, can result in an increase in its weight when
it is brought into contact with at least one organic solvent. A
typical false nail can be completely devoid of such sensitivity.
This ability to swell can be beneficial for its removal when it is
applied at the surface of a nail or of a false nail. In fact,
according to one embodiment, the at least one polymeric film can be
readily removed by simple makeup removal using a conventional
dissolving agent, as opposed to a false nail. For example, the at
least one polymeric film can be removed with organic solvents, such
as alkyl acetates and mixtures thereof.
[0022] According to one embodiment, the nail makeup of the present
disclosure can last significantly over time, for example, on a
scale of at least 5 days, and such as a week. According to one
embodiment, the nail makeup of the disclosure exhibits one or more
of resistance to water, resistance to rubbing and to impacts, no
significant wear, and no significant chipping during this period.
According to one embodiment, the nail makeup of the present
disclosure exhibits all of these characteristics.
[0023] According to another embodiment, the at least one flexible
polymeric film in accordance with the present disclosure can be in
various shapes, such as a star, a square, a circle, etc.
First Liquid Composition
[0024] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
at least one first composition comprises an adhesive material and a
solvent phase, for example comprising at least one organic
solvent.
[0025] Adhesive Material
[0026] As used herein, the term "material" is understood to mean a
polymer or a polymeric system that may comprise at least one
polymer chosen from those of different natures. The at least one
adhesive material can be in the form of a solution of polymer or of
a dispersion of polymer particles in a solvent. The at least one
adhesive material can also comprise at least one plasticizer as
defined below. The at least one adhesive material should have a
certain bonding capacity defined by its viscoelastic
properties.
[0027] The viscoelastic properties of a material are conventionally
defined by two characteristic values, which are as follows: [0028]
the elastic modulus, which represents the elastic behavior of the
material for a given frequency and which is conventionally written
as G', and [0029] the viscous modulus, which represents the viscous
behaviour of the material for a given frequency and which is
conventionally written as G''.
[0030] These magnitudes are defined, for example, in the "Handbook
of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology" 3rd edition, D. Satas,
chap. 9, pp. 155 to 157.
[0031] The adhesive materials that can be used according to the
present disclosure exhibit viscoelastic properties that are
measured at a reference temperature of 35.degree. C. and in a
certain frequency range.
[0032] In the case of adhesive materials in the form of a solution
or of a dispersion of polymer in a volatile solvent (such as water,
a short ester, a short alcohol, acetone, etc.), the viscoelastic
properties of this adhesive material are measured under conditions
in which the adhesive material has a volatile solvent present in an
amount less than 30%, such as a volatile solvent present in an
amount less than or equal to 20%.
[0033] The elastic modulus of the adhesive material can be
measured, for instance, at three different frequencies: [0034] at
low frequency, i.e. at 2.times.10.sup.-2 Hz, [0035] at an
intermediate frequency, i.e. at 0.2 Hz, [0036] at high frequency,
i.e. at 2 Hz, and the viscous modulus is measured at the frequency
of 0.2 Hz.
[0037] These measurements make it possible to evaluate the change
in the bonding capacity of the adhesive material over time.
[0038] These viscoelastic properties are measured during dynamic
tests under sinusoidal stresses of low amplitude (small
deformations) performed at 35.degree. C. over a frequency range
from 2.times.10.sup.-2 to 20 Hz on a rheometer of "Haake RS50.RTM."
type under a torsional/shear stress, for example in cone-plate
geometry (for example with a cone angle of 1.degree.).
[0039] In one embodiment, the at least one adhesive material
according to the present disclosure corresponds to the following
conditions: G'(2 Hz, 35.degree. C.).gtoreq.10.sup.3 Pa, and
G'(35.degree. C.).ltoreq.10.sup.8 Pa, for instance G'(35.degree.
C.).ltoreq.10.sup.7 Pa, G'(2.times.10.sup.2 Hz, 35.degree.
C.).ltoreq.3.times.10.sup.5 Pa, wherein: [0040] G'(2 Hz, 35.degree.
C.) is the elastic shear modulus of the at least one adhesive
material, measured at the frequency of 2 Hz and at the temperature
of 35.degree. C., [0041] G'(35.degree. C.) is the elastic shear
modulus of the at least one adhesive material, measured at the
temperature of 35.degree. C., for any frequency of between
2.times.10.sup.-2 and 2 Hz, [0042] G'(2.times.10.sup.-2 Hz,
35.degree. C.) is the elastic shear modulus of the at least one
adhesive material, measured at the frequency of 2.times.10.sup.-2
Hz and at the temperature of 35.degree. C.
[0043] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the at
least one adhesive material also corresponds to the following
condition: the ratio G''/G'(0.2 Hz, 35.degree. C.).gtoreq.0.35,
wherein: [0044] G''(0.2 Hz, 35.degree. C.) is the viscous shear
modulus of the at least one adhesive material, measured at the
frequency of 0.2 Hz and at the temperature of 35.degree. C., G'(0.2
Hz, 35.degree. C.) is the elastic shear modulus of the at least one
adhesive material, measured at the frequency of 0.2 Hz and at the
temperature of 35.degree. C.
[0045] In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the at
least one adhesive material corresponds to the following condition:
G'(2 Hz, 35.degree. C.).gtoreq.5.times.10.sup.3 Pa, for instance
G'(2 Hz, 35.degree. C.).gtoreq.10.sup.4 Pa.
[0046] In still another embodiment of the present disclosure, the
at least one adhesive material corresponds to the following
condition: G'(2.times.10.sup.2 Hz, 35.degree.
C.).ltoreq.5.times.10.sup.4 Pa.
[0047] For example, according to one embodiment, the at least one
adhesive material that can be used according to the present
disclosure may correspond to the following four conditions: G'(2
Hz, 35.degree. C.).gtoreq.10.sup.4 Pa, and G'(35.degree.
C.).ltoreq.10.sup.8 Pa, for instance G'(35.degree.
C.).ltoreq.10.sup.7 Pa, G'(2.times.10.sup.-2 Hz, 35.degree.
C.).ltoreq.5.times.10.sup.4 Pa, and G''/G'(0.2 Hz, 35.degree.
C.).gtoreq.0.35.
[0048] For example, adhesive materials that may be used according
to the present disclosure can be chosen from adhesives of "Pressure
Sensitive Adhesives" type, such as those cited in the "Handbook of
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology" 3rd edition, D. Satas.
[0049] The at least one adhesive material according to the present
disclosure can be a polymer chosen from block or random copolymers
comprising at least one monomer or a combination of monomers for
which the resulting polymer has a glass transition temperature of
below ambient temperature (25.degree. C.), it being possible for
these monomers or combinations of monomers to be chosen from, for
instance, butadiene, ethylene, propylene, isoprene, isobutylene, a
silicone, and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of such
materials are block polymers of styrene-butadiene-styrene,
styrene-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene or styrene-isoprene-styrene
type, such as those sold under the trade names "Kraton.RTM." from
Shell Chemical Co. or "Vector.RTM." from Exxon.
[0050] For example, the at least one adhesive material according to
one embodiment of the present disclosure can be chosen from
adhesive polymers including: [0051] polyurethanes, [0052] acrylic
polymers, [0053] silicones, [0054] butyl rubbers, such as
polyisobutylenes, [0055] ethylene/vinyl acetate polymers, [0056]
polyamides optionally modified with fatty chains, [0057] natural
rubbers, and blends thereof.
[0058] The at least one adhesive material may also be chosen from,
for example, adhesive copolymers that derive from the
copolymerization of vinyl monomers with polymeric entities, for
example those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,136,296. Adhesive
copolymers that may also be suitable for use according to the
present disclosure include those described, for instance, in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,929,173 that have a polymeric backbone and a Tg ranging
from 0.degree. C. to 45.degree. C., and are grafted with chains
that derive from acrylic and/or methacrylic monomers and have a Tg
ranging from 50.degree. C. to 200.degree. C. The adhesive materials
can be, for example, chosen from polyisobutylenes having a relative
molar mass Mv of greater than or equal to 10,000 and less than or
equal to 150,000. For example, this relative molar mass can be
greater than or equal to 18,000 and less than or equal to
150,000.
[0059] Among the commercial products that are suitable for the
present disclosure, non-limiting mention may be made of the
polyisobutylenes of respective relative molar masses Mv of 40,000,
55,000 and 85,000 sold under the respective trade names "Oppanol B
10.RTM.," "Oppanol B 12.RTM." and "Oppanol B 15.RTM." by the
company BASF, and blends thereof.
[0060] Film-Forming Polymer
[0061] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure,
the at least one first liquid composition is a liquid nail varnish
composition comprising an organic and/or aqueous solvent phase and
at least one film-forming polymer.
[0062] As used herein, the term "film-forming polymer" is
understood to mean a polymer capable of forming, on its own or in
the presence of an auxiliary film-forming agent, a macroscopically
continuous film on a support, for example keratin materials.
[0063] The at least one film-forming polymer of the present
disclosure can be chosen from the film-forming polymers mentioned
below in the description of the polymeric film.
[0064] For example, the at least one film-forming polymer can be
chosen from celluloses and cellulose derivatives, for instance
nitrocelluloses and/or cellulose esters, such as cellulose
acetates, cellulose propionates, cellulose butyrates, cellulose
acetopropionates and cellulose acetobutyrates.
[0065] The at least one film-forming polymer can be present in an
amount ranging from 1% to 70% by weight, on a solids basis of
polymer, with respect to the total weight of the at least one first
composition, for instance from 5% to 50%, such as from 10% to 45%
by weight.
[0066] The at least one first liquid composition can also comprise
at least one auxiliary film-forming agent as described below.
[0067] The at least one first liquid composition can comprise a
liquid organic solvent phase comprising at least one organic
solvent. Among the organic solvents that can be used in the
composition according to the present disclosure, non-limiting
mention may be made of: [0068] short-chain esters (having from 3 to
8 carbon atoms in total), such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate,
propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate or isopentyl acetate; [0069]
ketones that are liquid at ambient temperature, such as methyl
ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone,
isophorone, cyclohexanone or acetone; [0070] alcohols that are
liquid at ambient temperature, such as ethanol, isopropanol,
diacetone alcohol, 2-butoxyethanol or cyclohexanol; [0071] glycols
that are liquid at ambient temperature, such as ethylene glycol,
propylene glycol, pentylene glycol or glycerol; [0072] propylene
glycol ethers that are liquid at ambient temperature, such as
propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl
ether acetate, or dipropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether; [0073]
aldehydes that are liquid at ambient temperature, such as
benzaldehyde or acetaldehyde; [0074] carbonates, such as propylene
carbonate or dimethyl carbonate; [0075] acetals, such as methylal;
and [0076] mixtures thereof.
[0077] For example, the solvent can be a volatile solvent chosen
from short-chain esters (having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in total),
such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, propyl acetate, n-butyl
acetate or isopentyl acetate, and mixtures thereof.
[0078] The liquid organic solvent phase (at least one organic
solvent or mixture of organic solvents) can be present in an amount
ranging from 5% to 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of
the composition, such as from 10% to 85% by weight.
[0079] The at least one first liquid composition according to the
present disclosure can also comprise an aqueous phase comprising
water and optionally at least one water-soluble solvent.
[0080] The aqueous phase can, in this case, be present in an amount
ranging from 5% to 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of
the first composition, for instance from 10% to 85% by weight.
[0081] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
at least one first liquid composition is transparent.
[0082] According to another embodiment, the at least one first
liquid composition is free of dyestuff and of material with an
optical effect and/or relief, as described below.
[0083] For example, the at least one first liquid composition and
the at least one flexible polymeric film can exhibit compatibility
by virtue of their chemical nature and their composition. According
to one embodiment, the major organic solvent of the at least one
first liquid composition is capable of bringing about an increase
in mass of the flexible polymeric film brought into contact with
it, such as of at least 10%, or of 20%, after immersion of said
film for 60 minutes in said solvent at ambient temperature
(25.degree. C.). In other words, this increase results in the film
gaining weight.
[0084] The weight measurement is carried out according to the
following protocol: pieces of 1 cm.sup.2 cut from the flexible
polymeric film are weighed (measurement of the mass M1) and then
immersed in the organic solvent for 60 minutes; after immersion,
the piece of film is wiped to remove the excess solvent at the
surface and then weighed (measurement of the mass M2). The
difference M2-M1 corresponds to the amount of solvent absorbed by
the film.
[0085] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
solid film can be soluble in said organic solvent.
[0086] The at least one first liquid composition and the at least
one flexible polymeric film, for instance, can be chosen such that
the at least one polymeric film coated beforehand with the at least
one first liquid composition and then applied to the surface of a
synthetic or natural nail, or applied to a synthetic or natural
nail coated with the at least one first composition; cannot be
removed by peeling after having been applied for at least 24
hours.
Flexible Polymeric Film
[0087] The at least one flexible polymeric film can derive, for
example, from the crosslinking of a crosslinkable composition
and/or from the evaporation of the organic or aqueous solvent phase
of a solution or dispersion of at least one film-forming
polymer.
[0088] Solids Content
[0089] The at least one flexible polymeric film of the kit
according to the present disclosure is a non-liquid film that
comprises a high solids content. For instance, it can have an
amount of dry material of greater than or equal to 80%, for
instance greater than or equal to 85%, such as greater than 90% by
weight, relative to its total weight. In other words, the at least
one volatile solvent is present in an amount of less than or equal
to 20%, for example, less than or equal to 15%, such as less than
or equal to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the
polymeric film.
[0090] The amount of dry material, for instance, commonly referred
to as "solids content" of the films according to the present
disclosure is measured by heating the sample with infrared rays
with a wavelength ranging from 2 .mu.m to 3.5 .mu.m. The substances
in the film that have a high vapour pressure evaporate under the
effect of this radiation. The measurement of the weight loss of the
sample makes it possible to determine the "solids content" of the
film. These measurements are carried out by means of an LP16
commercial infrared dessicator from Mettler. This technique is
completely described in the documentation for the device provided
by Mettler.
[0091] The measurement protocol is as follows:
[0092] Approximately 10 g of a sample are placed on a metal cupel.
Once this has been placed in the dessicator, it is subjected to a
set temperature of 120.degree. C. for one hour. The wet mass of the
sample, corresponding to the initial mass, and the dry mass of the
sample, corresponding to the mass after exposure to the radiation,
are measured by means of a precision balance.
[0093] The content of dry material is calculated in the following
way: Solids content=100.times.(dry mass/wet mass).
[0094] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
at least one polymeric film is not completely dry, it is said to be
partially dry. As used herein, the term "partially dry" is
understood to mean that the polymeric film obtained after
evaporation of the organic or aqueous solvent phase of a solution
or dispersion of at least one film-forming polymer, or by
crosslinking of a crosslinkable composition, is not completely free
of residual solvent. For example, it can have a dry material
content of less than or equal to 80%, for instance less than or
equal to 75%, such as less than or equal to 70% by weight, relative
to its total weight.
[0095] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
at least one polymeric film of the kit according to the present
disclosure is in a reservoir, for instance a pouch, that may or may
not be flexible, capable of comprising a product in a leaktight
manner. It can be, for instance, impermeable to air and/or to
solvents. The packaging can make it possible to keep the film from
completely and prematurely drying out before its use.
[0096] Water Uptake
[0097] The at least one flexible polymeric film of the kit
according to the present disclosure can be characterized, in the
dry state, by an uptake of water brought to 25.degree. C. of less
than or equal to 20%, such as less than or equal to 16%, and for
example less than or equal to 10%.
[0098] As used herein, the expression "water uptake of the film" is
understood to mean the percentage of water absorbed by the
polymeric film after immersion for 60 minutes in water at
25.degree. C. (ambient temperature). The water uptake is measured
for pieces of approximately 1 cm.sup.2 cut out from the dry
polymeric film, which are weighed (measurement of the mass M1) and
then immersed in water for 60 minutes; after immersion, the piece
of film is wiped to remove the excess water at the surface and then
weighed (measurement of the mass M2). The difference M2-M1
corresponds to the amount of water absorbed by the film.
[0099] The water uptake is equal to [(M2-M1)/M1].times.100 and is
expressed as percentage weight relative to the weight of the
film.
[0100] Storage Modulus E'
[0101] The at least one polymeric film of the kit according to the
present disclosure can have, for example, a storage modulus E' of
greater than or equal to 1 MPa, for instance ranging from 1 MPa, to
5,000 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 5 MPa, for instance
ranging from 5 MPa to 1,000 MPa, such as greater than or equal to
10 MPa, for example ranging from 10 MPa to 500 MPa, at a
temperature of 30.degree. C. and a frequency of 0.1 Hz.
[0102] The storage modulus is measured by DMTA (Dynamic and
Mechanical Temperature Analysis).
[0103] Viscoelasticimetry tests are carried out using a DMTA
apparatus from Polymer TA Instruments (model DMA2980), on a sample
of polymeric film. Test pieces are cut out (for example using a
hole punch). These test pieces typically have a thickness of
approximately 150 .mu.m, a width ranging from 5 nm to 10 nm, and a
working length ranging from 10 mm to 15 mm.
[0104] The measurements are carried out at a constant temperature
of 30.degree. C.
[0105] The sample is subjected to tensile stress and to small
deformation stresses (a sinusoidal displacement of .+-.8 .mu.m is,
for example, imposed thereon) during a frequency sweep, the
frequency ranging from 0.1 Hz to 20 Hz. The procedures are thus
carried out in the linear range, under small levels of
deformation.
[0106] These measurements make it possible to determine the complex
modulus E*=E'+iE'' of the film of composition tested, E' being the
storage modulus and E'' the "loss" modulus.
Ultimate Strain and/or Energy at Break
[0107] The at least one flexible polymeric film according to the
present disclosure has, for example, in the dry state, an ultimate
strain .epsilon..sub.b of greater than or equal to 5%, for instance
ranging from 5% to 500%, such as greater than or equal to 15%, for
example ranging from 15% to 400%, and/or an energy at break per
unit volume W.sub.b of greater than or equal to 0.2 J/cm.sup.3,
such as ranging from 0.2 J/cm.sup.3 to 100 J/cm.sup.3, for instance
greater than or equal to 1 J/cm.sup.3, such as ranging from 1
J/cm.sup.3 to 50 J/cm.sup.3.
[0108] The ultimate strain and the energy at break per unit volume
are determined by means of tensile tests performed on a flexible
polymeric film approximately 200 .mu.m thick.
[0109] To perform these tests, the film is cut into
dumb-bell-shaped test pieces with a working length of 33.+-.1 mm
and a working width of 6 mm. The cross section (S) of the test
piece is then defined as: S=width.times.thickness (cm.sup.2); this
cross section will be used to calculate the stress.
[0110] The tests are performed, for example, on a tensile testing
device sold under the name Lloyd.RTM. LR5K. The measurements are
performed at ambient temperature (20.degree. C.). The test pieces
are drawn at a draw rate of 33 mm/min, corresponding to a rate of
100% elongation per minute.
[0111] A draw speed is thus applied and the elongation .DELTA.L of
the test piece and the force F required to impose this elongation
are simultaneously measured. From these data .DELTA.L and F, the
stress .sigma. and strain .epsilon. parameters are determined.
[0112] A curve of stress .sigma.=(F/S) as a function of the strain
.epsilon.=(.DELTA.L/L.sub.o).times.100 is thus obtained, the test
being carried out until the test piece fails, L.sub.o being the
initial length of the test piece.
[0113] The ultimate strain .epsilon..sub.b is the maximum strain of
the sample before the point at which it breaks (as %).
[0114] The energy at break per unit volume W.sub.b in J/cm.sup.3 is
defined as being the surface area under this stress/strain curve
such that: W b = .intg. 0 b .times. .sigma. . . d ##EQU1##
[0115] The at least one polymeric film of the makeup kit according
to the present disclosure can be obtained by the crosslinking of a
crosslinkable composition and/or by evaporation of the organic or
aqueous solvent phase of a solution or dispersion of at least one
film-forming polymer.
[0116] Crosslinked Film
[0117] As used herein, a film described as crosslinked is
understood to mean a film that may be completely or partially
crosslinked. In the case of partial crosslinking, the latter is, of
course, sufficient to form the expected film.
[0118] Of course, the compounds brought together are chosen, for
example, according to the nature of the functions that they
respectively possess, so as to be capable of interacting under the
conditions of the crosslinking reaction in question.
[0119] This crosslinking can thus be carried out thermally,
photochemically and/or chemically, in the presence or absence of a
catalyst. The performing of this crosslinking falls within the
competence of those skilled in the art.
[0120] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
crosslinking reaction is similar to a polyaddition or
polycondensation reaction carried out in the presence or in the
absence of catalyst. According to this embodiment, the organic film
can, for example, derive from the crosslinking of a reactive system
made up of: [0121] at least one first compound (A) comprising at
least two functional groups (X), and [0122] at least one second
compound (B) comprising at least two functional groups (Y), that
are reacted with respect to the functional groups X.
[0123] For instance, the reactive system can have an average
functionality (total number of functional groups X and Y/total
number of molecules of compounds (A) and (B)) of greater than 2, so
as to provide a three-dimensional network.
[0124] For example, in order to obtain a satisfactory crosslinking
effect, the average functionality of the reactive system may be
greater than or equal to 2.2, and may range from 2.5 to 100.
[0125] Compounds (A) and (B) may be of organic origin, for instance
of monomer, oligomer, polymer and/or copolymer type, or may be
inorganic in nature like, for example, a mineral particle, in which
case they have, at the surface, the two functional groups (X) or
(Y) required.
[0126] Functional groups (X) and (Y) that are reactive with respect
to one another are chosen from functional groups that are said to
be reactive and functional groups comprising at least one labile
hydrogen.
[0127] For example, the reactive functional groups can be chosen
from isocyanate functional groups, epoxide functional groups and
ethylenic double bonds, and the functional groups comprising at
least one labile hydrogen are of the carboxylic, alcohol, such as
phenolic alcohol, primary or secondary amine, amide, amino alcohol
and/or thiol type.
[0128] According to one embodiment, compounds (A) and (B) brought
together have, respectively, at least two functional groups said to
be reactive of epoxide and/or isocyanate type and at least two
functional groups comprising at least one labile hydrogens, for
instance of amine or amino alcohol type, and can, for example, be
chosen from the compounds mentioned above.
[0129] For example, (X) may be an epoxide and/or isocyanate
functional group and Y may be chosen from a carboxylic acid
functional group and/or an anhydride functional group and/or an
amine functional group and/or a thiol functional group and/or a
hydroxyl functional group, that can be, for instance, phenolic.
[0130] In this embodiment of the present disclosure, the
crosslinking can be carried out by bringing together compounds (A)
and/or (B) having functional groups (X) and/or (Y) in a form that
is blocked and capable of being deblocked beforehand or under the
reaction conditions selected for the crosslinking. This alternative
is known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in
detail.
[0131] Compounds Comprising Isocyanate Functional Groups
[0132] Compounds comprising at least two free isocyanate functional
groups are known in the art. They may be polyisocyanates, including
diisocyanates or triisocyanates, that may have a molecular mass of
less than 500,000, or even less than or equal to 10,000. These
polyisocyanates can be obtained by polyaddition, polycondensation
and/or grafting, bearing at least two isocyanate functional groups,
either at the chain ends or on side groups.
[0133] The polyisocyanates may be linear, branched, aliphatic,
cycloaliphatic or aromatic.
[0134] Among the polyisocyanates that may be used, non-limiting
mention may be made of Desmodur.RTM. N from the company Bayer, or
Tolonate.RTM. HDB-LV from the company Rhodia.
[0135] Compounds Comprising Epoxide Functional Groups
[0136] Compounds comprising at least two epoxide functional groups
are also known from the state of the art. They may be of any
chemical nature. They may be diepoxides or polyepoxides of low
masses (less than or equal to 5,000), or else oligomers or polymers
of any chemical nature, obtained by polyaddition, polycondensation
and/or grafting, bearing at least two free epoxide functional
groups, either at the chain ends or on side groups.
[0137] Polymers comprising epoxy functional groups are sold under
the names Cyracure.RTM. UVR-6110, Cyracure.RTM. UVR-6105,
Cyracure.RTM. ERL-4221E, Cyracure.RTM. ERL-4206, Cyracure.RTM. UVR
6128, Cyracure.RTM. UVR 6216 from the company Union Carbide,
DER.RTM. 439 from the company Dow Chemical, Epikates.RTM. 828,
1001, 1004, 1007 from the company Shell, Araldite.RTM. ECN1299 from
the company Ciba-Geigy, and Epoxynovolacs.RTM. from the company Dow
Chemical.
[0138] Compounds Comprising Ethylenic Double Bonds
[0139] The compounds bearing ethylenic double bonds may be of any
chemical nature. They may be, by way of non-limiting example,
chosen from: [0140] polyesters comprising (meth)acrylate side
and/or end groups: such polyesters are sold, for example, by the
company UCB under the names Ebecryl.RTM. (Ebecryl.RTM. 450: molar
mass 1,600, on average 6 acrylate functional groups per molecule;
Ebecryl.RTM. 652: molar mass 1,500, on average 6 acrylate
functional groups per molecule; Ebecryl.RTM. 800: molar mass 780,
on average 4 acrylate functional groups per molecule; Ebecryl.RTM.
810: molar mass 1,000, on average 4 acrylate functional groups per
molecule; Ebecryl.RTM. 50,000: molar mass 1,500, on average 6
acrylate functional groups per molecule; [0141] polyurethanes
and/or polyureas comprising (meth)acrylate groups, for instance
obtained by polycondensation: [0142] such polyurethanes/polyureas
comprising acrylate groups are sold, for example, under the name SR
368 (tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate) or Craynor.RTM.
435 by the company Cray Valley, or under the name Ebecryl.RTM. by
the company UCB (Ebecryl.RTM. 210: molar mass 1,500, 2 acrylate
functional groups per molecule; Ebecryl.RTM. 230: molar mass 5,000,
2 acrylate functional groups per molecule; Ebecryl.RTM. 270: molar
mass 1,500, 2 acrylate functional groups per molecule; Ebecryl.RTM.
8402: molar mass 1,000, 2 acrylate functional groups per molecule;
Ebecryl 8804: molar mass 1,300, 2 acrylate functional groups per
molecule; Ebecryl.RTM. 220: molar mass 1,000, 6 acrylate functional
groups per molecule; Ebecryl.RTM. 2220: molar mass 1,200, 6
acrylate functional groups per molecule; Ebecryl.RTM. 1290: molar
mass 1,000, 6 acrylate functional groups per molecule; Ebecryl.RTM.
800: molar mass 800, 6 acrylate functional groups per
molecule).
[0143] Non-limiting mention may also be made of the water-soluble
diacrylate aliphatic polyurethanes sold under the names
Ebecryl.RTM. 2000, Ebecryl.RTM. 2001 and Ebecryl.RTM. 2002, and the
diacrylate polyurethanes in aqueous dispersion sold under the trade
names IRR.RTM. 390, IRR.RTM. 400, IRR.RTM. 422 and IRR.RTM. 424 by
the company UCB; [0144] polyethers comprising (meth)acrylate groups
obtained by esterification, with (meth)acrylic acid, of the end
hydroxyl groups of homopolymers or of copolymers of C.sub.1-4
alkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol,
copolymers of ethylene oxide and of propylene oxide, for instance
having a weight-average molecular mass of less than or equal to
10,000, polyethoxylated trimethylolpropane or polypropoxylated
trimethylolpropane.
[0145] Di(meth)acrylate polyoxyethylenes of appropriate molar mass
are sold, for example, under the names SR 259, SR 344, SR 610, SR
210, SR 603 and SR 252 by the company Cray Valley or under the name
Ebecryl.RTM. 11 by UCB. Triacrylates of polyethoxylated
trimethylolpropane are sold, for example, under the names SR 454,
SR 498, SR 502, SR 9035 and SR 415 by the company Cray Valley or
under the name Ebecryl.RTM. 160 by the company UCB. Triacrylates of
polypropoxylated trimethylolpropane are sold, for example, under
the names SR 492 and SR 501 by the company Cray Valley; [0146]
epoxyacrylates such as those sold, for example, under the names SR
349, SR 601, CD 541, SR 602, SR 9036, SR 348, CD 540, SR 480 and CD
9038 by the company Cray Valley; under the names Ebecryl.RTM. 600,
Ebecryl.RTM. 609, Ebecryl.RTM. 150, Ebecryl.RTM. 860 and
Ebecryl.RTM. 3702 by the company UCB; and under the names
Photomer.RTM. 3005 and Photomer.RTM. 3082 by the company Henkel;
[0147] C1-50 alkyl poly(meth)acrylates comprising at least two
functional groups comprising an ethylenic double bond carried by
the side and/or end hydrocarbon chains. Such copolymers are sold,
for example, under the names IRR.RTM. 375, OTA.RTM. 480 and
Ebecryl.RTM. 2047 by the company UCB. [0148] polyorganosiloxanes
comprising (meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide groups; for example,
.alpha.,.omega.-Diacrylate polydimethylsiloxanes are available from
the company Shin-Etsu under the references X-22-164 B and
X-22-164C; [0149] hyperbranched dendrimers and polymers bearing
(meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide end groups, for instance
obtained, respectively, by esterification or amidation of
hyperbranched dendrimers and polymers comprising hydroxyl or amino
end functional groups, with (meth)acrylic acid.
[0150] Dendrimers (from the Greek dendron=tree) are "arborescent",
i.e. very branched, polymeric molecules invented by D. A. Tomalia
and his team at the beginning of the 1990s (Donald A. Tomalia et
al., Angewandte Chemie, Int. Engl. Ed., vol. 29, No. 2, pages
138-175). They are structures constructed around a central unit
that is generally polyvalent. Linked together around this central
unit, according to an entirely determined structure, are branched
chain-extension units, thus giving rise to symmetrical,
monodispersed macromolecules having a well-defined chemical and
stereochemical structure. Dendrimers of polyamidoamine type are
sold, for example, under the name Starbust.RTM. by the company
Dendritech.
[0151] Hyperbranched polymers are polycondensates, generally of
polyester, polyamide or polyethyleneamine type, obtained from
multifunctional monomers, which have an arborescent structure
similar to that of dendrimers, but much less regular than the
latter (see, for example, International Patent Application
Publication Nos. WO-A-93/17060 and WO 96/12754).
[0152] The company Perstorp sells hyperbranched polyesters under
the name Boltorn.RTM.. Hyperbranched polyethyleneamines are
available from the company Dendritech under the name Comburst.RTM..
Hyperbranched poly(esteramide)s comprising hydroxyl ends are sold
by the company DSM under the name Hybrane.RTM.. These hyperbranched
dendrimers and polymers esterified or amidated with acrylic and/or
methacrylic acid differ from the polymers described above by virtue
of the very large number of ethylenic double bonds present. This
high functionality, most commonly greater than 5, can make them
useful, for example, by allowing them to play the role of a
"crosslinking node", i.e., a multiple crosslinking site.
[0153] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, for instance,
these hyperbranched dendritic polymers can be used in combination
with at least one of the polymers and/or oligomers described
above.
[0154] Compounds Bearing at Least Two Functional Groups Comprising
at Least One Labile Hydrogen
[0155] Compounds bearing at least two functional groups comprising
at least one labile hydrogen that can be used in the present
disclosure are also known. They may be low molecular mass organic
compounds or else synthetic oligomers or polymers obtained by
polyaddition, polycondensation and/or grafting, or chemically
modified natural polymers.
[0156] According to the present disclosure, the functional groups
comprising labile hydrogen can be chosen from, by way of
non-limiting example, primary amine (--NH.sub.2), secondary amine
(>NH), hydroxyl (--OH), carboxylic acid (--COOH) and/or thiol
(--SH) functional groups.
[0157] When the functional group comprising the at least one labile
hydrogen is a hydroxyl functional group, non-limiting mention may
be made, as families of compounds, of aliphatic diols and
polyols.
[0158] When the functional group comprising labile hydrogen is an
amine functional group (NH.sub.2), it may be chosen from a diamine,
a polyamine, an amino alcohol, an oligomer or a polymer comprising
amine groups. Non-limiting examples of compounds bearing functional
groups comprising labile hydrogens are: C.sub.1-4 alkylene glycols,
glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, poly(C.sub.1-4
alkylene) glycols such as polyethylene glycol or polypropylene
glycol, or copolymers thereof, the product of condensation of
propylene glycol and trimethylolpropane, castor oil, phytantriol,
sugars and carbohydrates such as sucrose or cellulose,
ethylenediamine, 1,3-diaminopropane, lysine,
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, poly(alkyleneoxy)diamines such as the
Jeffamine.RTM. products sold by the company Texaco, nitrocellulose,
cellulose esters, for instance those having a degree of
substitution of less than 3, such as cellulose acetobutyrate and
cellulose acetopropionate, cellulose ethers such as
hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose,
hydroxypropylcellulose or ethylcellulose, polyester resins,
silicones, perfluoropolyethers, alkyds and polyketones comprising
hydroxylated ends, poly(vinyl alcohol) and copolymers based on
vinyl alcohol, allyl alcohol copolymers, copolymers based on
hydroxy(C.sub.2-10)alkyl (meth)acrylate, such as 2-hydroxyethyl or
2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, sold for example under the name
Joncryl.RTM. SCX 910 by the company Johnson Polymer or under the
name Crodoplast.RTM. AC 5725 by the company Croda, copolymers based
on vinylamine or on allylamine, silicones and perfluoroethers
comprising primary or secondary amine ends, hyperbranched
dendrimers or polymers comprising hydroxyl or primary amine ends,
such as the hyperbranched polyesters comprising hydroxyl ends sold
by the company Perstorp under the names Boltorn.RTM. H40 TMP Core
and HBP Polyol.RTM. 3G (described in International Application
Publication Nos. WO 93/17060 and WO 96/12754), or else dendrimers
of polyamidoamine type comprising primary amine ends, described in
the article by Tomalia, Angewandte Chemie, Int. Engl. Ed., vol. 29,
No. 2, pages 138-175.
[0159] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure,
the crosslinking is carried out photochemically and uses at least
two types of compounds, for instance (A) and (B), having
respectively at least one unsaturated double bond, in the presence
of a photo-initiator.
[0160] According to this embodiment, (A) and (B) are chosen so as
to form a reactive system for which the average valency is greater
than 2. As used herein, the valency of a compound is understood to
mean the number of covalent bonds that it can establish with the
compounds that are associated with it. The average valency is
defined as being equal to the ratio of the sum of the valencies of
all the compounds (A) and (B), divided by the total number of
compounds (A) and (B) V m = nivi ni ##EQU2##
[0161] According to this embodiment of the present disclosure, the
compounds (A) or (B) can be a compound comprising a function of
unsaturated double bond type, for instance as defined above, and/or
an ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
[0162] A group of photo-initiators that may be used according to
the present disclosure, for example, includes that of
copolymerizable photo-initiators. These are molecules comprising
both a photo-initiating group capable of photo-induced free-radical
splitting and at least one ethylenic double bond.
[0163] To obtain satisfactory lasting properties, a total amount of
at least one photo-initiator can be present in an amount ranging
from 0.1% to 10% by weight, such as ranging from 0.2% to 5% by
weight, relative to the total weight of compounds comprising
ethylenic double bonds.
[0164] In this embodiment, the crosslinking can be carried out in
the presence of a co-film-forming agent, for instance
nitrocellulose or cellulose esters.
Polymeric Film Derived from Evaporation of the Organic or Aqueous
Solvent Phase of a Solution or Dispersion of at Least One
Film-Forming Polymer
[0165] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure,
the at least one polymeric film can be obtained by evaporation of
the organic or aqueous solvent phase of a solution or dispersion of
at least one film-forming polymer.
[0166] To prepare a polymeric film according to the present
disclosure, a single film-forming polymer or a blend of
film-forming polymers can be used. The at least one film-forming
polymer can be chosen from free-radical polymers, polycondensates
and polymers of natural origin.
[0167] The film can be obtained by application of the second
composition to a Teflon.RTM.-covered support and then drying at a
temperature ranging from 20.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. The film
is then detached from the support.
[0168] Film-Forming Polymers Soluble or Dispersible in an Organic
Solvent
[0169] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
at least one polymeric film derives from the evaporation of the
organic solvent phase of a solution or dispersion of at least one
film-forming polymer. In this embodiment, the at least one organic
film-forming polymer is chosen from film-forming polymers soluble
or dispersible in at least one class of organic solvent, for
instance ketones, alcohol, glycols and propylene glycol ethers,
short-chain esters, alkanes, and aqueous or non-aqueous mixtures
thereof.
[0170] The corresponding polymers may be of any chemical nature.
For instance, they may result either from the homo- or
copolymerization of unsaturated monomers, or from polycondensation,
or from the modification of natural polymers, such as
polysaccharides. The weight-average molecular masses (Mw) of these
polymers can range from 3,000 to 1,000,000, such as from 5,000 to
800,000, and for example from 10,000 to 500,000.
[0171] Among the polymers soluble or dispersible in organic
solvents, the following polymers, non-limiting mention may be made
of: [0172] a) (Meth)acrylic acid ester and/or amide homo- and
copolymers, such as polymers resulting from the polymerization or
copolymerization of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl,
tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, octyl,
isobornyl, norbornyl or adamantyl acrylates and/or methacrylates,
or the corrsponding (meth)acrylamides. These polymers can comprise
from 0 to 20% of a polar comonomer such as (meth)acrylic acid,
(meth)acrylamide, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl
(meth)acrylate, and (meth)acrylonitrile. They may also result from
copolymerization with styrene or a substituted styrene. [0173] b)
Vinyl ester or amide homo- and copolymers, such as homo- and
copolymers resulting from the polymerization of vinyl acetate,
vinyl propionate or vinyl versatate, with or without the presence
of a polar comonomer such as crotonic acid, allyloxyacetic acid,
maleic anhydride (or acid), itaconic anhydride (or acid),
vinylacetamide and vinylformamide. Similarly, they may result from
the copolymerization of at least one of the monomers mentioned with
styrene or a substituted styrene. [0174] c) Celluloses and
cellulose derivatives, for instance nitrocelluloses and/or
cellulose esters such as cellulose acetates, cellulose propionates,
cellulose butyrates, cellulose acetopropionates and cellulose
acetobutyrates. [0175] d) Polycondensates that are soluble or
dispersible in these solvents. They are generally used as a main
film-forming agent or else as a co-film-forming agent for one of
the classes of polymers mentioned above (a to c), for example, if
they are of low molecular weight (Mw<20,000). They can be chosen
from the following polymers and copolymers: polyurethanes, acrylic
polyurethanes, polyureas, polyurea polyurethanes, polyester
polyurethanes, polyether polyurethanes, polyesters,
polyester-amides, fatty chain polyesters, epoxys, and
arylsulphonamide, such as tosylamide/formaldehyde condensates.
[0176] Among these polycondensates, for instance if they are used
as a film-forming agent or co-film-forming agent for at least one
nitrocellulose and/or for a cellulose ester (class c), non-limiting
mention may be made of: polyesters, for example fatty chain
polyesters, such as copolymers having the CTFA name: "phthalic
anhydride/glycerol/glycidyl decanoate copolymer" and "adipic acid,
neopentyl glycol/trimellitic anhydride copolymer," alkyds,
tosylamide/formaldehyde condensates, [0177] polyurethanes and
polyurea-urethanes, acrylic resins, and silicone resins
(non-volatile or partially volatile).
[0178] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
at least one film-forming polymer is a film-forming linear block
ethylenic polymer, which may comprise, for example, at least one
first block and at least one second block having different glass
transition temperatures (Tg), said at least one first and at least
one second blocks being connected to one another via an
intermediate block comprising at least one monomer that constitutes
the at least one first block and at least one monomer that
constitutes the at least one second block.
[0179] For example, the at least one first and at least one second
blocks of the block polymer can be incompatible with one another.
Such polymers are described, for example, European Patent No. EP 14
11 069 or International Patent Application Publication No. WO
04/028488.
[0180] Aqueous Dispersions of Particles or Film-Forming Polymers or
Alternatively Latex
[0181] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure,
the at least one polymeric film derives from the evaporation of the
aqueous phase of an aqueous dispersion of particles of at least one
film-forming polymer. In this case, the at least one film-forming
polymer can be chosen from aqueous dispersions of particles of
film-forming polymers or alternatively latex and, in this case, the
composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least
one aqueous phase.
[0182] The aqueous dispersion comprising at least one film-forming
polymers can be prepared by those skilled in the art on the basis
of their general knowledge, for instance by emulsion polymerization
or by dispersion of the pre-formed polymer. Among the film-forming
polymers of this type that can be used in the composition according
to the present disclosure, non-limiting mention may be made of
synthetic polymers, of the polycondensate type or of the
free-radical type, polymers of natural origin, and blends
thereof.
[0183] Use may be made, for example, in the form of latex, of the
polymers (homo- and copolymers) that are mentioned above as
polymers that are soluble or dispersible in an organic solvent
medium, such as the polymers of classes a, b and c.
[0184] Among the polycondensates, non-limiting mention may be made
of anionic, cationic, non-ionic or amphoteric polyurethanes,
polyurethane-acrylics, polyurethane-polyvinylpyrrolidones,
polyester-polyurethanes, polyether-polyurethanes, polyureas,
polyurea-polyurethanes, and blends thereof.
[0185] Non-limiting mention may also be made of polyesters,
polyester amides, fatty chain polyesters, polyamides and epoxy
ester resins.
[0186] The polyesters can be obtained, in a known manner, by
polycondensation of aliphatic or aromatic diacids with aliphatic or
aromatic diols or polyols. Among aliphatic diacids, non-limiting
mention may be made of succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid,
pimelic acid, suberic acid or sebacic acid. Among aromatic diacids,
non-limiting mention may be made of terephthalic acid or
isophthalic acid, alternatively a derivative such as phthalic
anhydride. Among aliphatic diols, non-limiting mention may be made
of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, neopentyl
glycol cyclohexanedimethanol, or
4,4'-(1-methylpropylidene)bisphenol. Among polyols, non-limiting
mention may be made of glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol or
trimethylolpropane.
[0187] The polymers of free-radical type may be, for example,
acrylic and/or vinyl polymers or copolymers. Anionic free-radical
polymers are used in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
Among monomers bearing an anionic group that can be used during the
free-radical polymerization, non-limiting mention may be made of
acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic anhydride, or
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid.
[0188] The acrylic polymers can result from the copolymerization of
monomers chosen from esters and/or amides of acrylic acid or of
methacrylic acid. As an example of monomers of the ester type,
non-limiting mention may be made of methyl methacrylate, ethyl
methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate,
2-ethylhexyl methacrylate and lauryl methacrylate. As an example of
monomers of amide type, non-limiting mention may be made of
N-t-butylacrylamide and of N-t-octylacrylamide.
[0189] The vinyl polymers can result from the homopolymerization or
from the copolymerization of monomers chosen from vinyl esters,
styrene or butadiene. As an example of vinyl esters, non-limiting
mention may be made of vinyl acetate, vinyl neodecanoate, vinyl
pivalate, vinyl benzoate and vinyl t-butyl benzoate.
[0190] Acrylic/silicone copolymers can also be used.
[0191] Non-limiting mention may also be made of polymers resulting
from the free-radical polymerization of at least one free-radical
monomer within and/or partially at the surface of pre-existing
particles of at least one polymer chosen from polyurethanes,
polyureas, polyesters, polyester amides and/or alkyds. These
polymers are generally called hybrid polymers.
[0192] The dispersion can also comprise at least one associative
polymer of polyurethane type or a natural gum, such as xanthan
gum.
[0193] Among the polymers in an aqueous dispersion, non-limiting
mention may be made of the dispersions of acrylic polymers sold
under the names Neocryl XK-90.RTM., Neocryl A-1070.RTM., Neocryl
A-1090.RTM., Neocryl BT-62.RTM., Neocryl A-1079.RTM. and Neocryl
A-523.RTM. by the company Zeneca, and Dow Latex 432.RTM., by the
company Dow Chemical. Use may also be made of aqueous dispersions
of polyurethane, for instance, the polyester-polyurethanes sold
under the names "Avalure UR-405.RTM.", "Avalure UR-410.RTM.,"
"Avalure UR-425.RTM." and "Sancure 2060.RTM." by the company
Goodrich and polyether-polyurethanes sold under the names "Sancure
878.RTM." by the company Goodrich and "Neorez R-970.RTM." by the
company Avecia.
[0194] All the abovementioned film-forming polymers can be combined
with at least one auxiliary film-forming agent.
[0195] The at least one auxiliary film-forming agent can be chosen
from compounds known by those skilled in the art to be capable of
performing the desired function, and can for example, be chosen
from plasticizers and coalescence agents for the at least one
film-forming polymer.
[0196] For instance, non-limiting mention may be made of, alone or
as a mixture, the usual plasticizers or coalescence agents, such
as: [0197] glycols and their derivatives such as diethylene glycol
ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol
butyl ether, diethylene glycol hexyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl
ether; ethylene glycol butyl ether or ethylene glycol hexyl ether;
[0198] glycol esters, [0199] derivatives of propylene glycol, such
as propylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol diacetate,
dipropylene glycol butyl ether, tripropylene glycol butyl ether,
propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether,
tripropylene glycol methyl ether and diethylene glycol methyl
ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, esters of acids, for instance
carboxylic acids, such as citrates, for example, triethyl citrate,
tributyl citrate, triethyl acetylcitrate, tributyl acetylcitrate,
2-triethylhexyl acetylcitrate; phthalates, such as diethyl
phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dipentyl
phthalate, dimethoxyethyl phthalate; phosphates, such as tricresyl
phosphate, tributyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tributoxyethyl
phosphate; tartrates, for instance dibutyl tartrate; adipates;
carbonates; sebacates; benzyl benzoate, butyl acetylricinoleate,
glyceryl acetylricinoleate, butyl glycolate, camphor, glyceryl
triacetate, N-ethyl-o,p-toluenesulfonamide, oxyethylenated
derivatives such as oxyethylenated oils, for instance plant oils
such as castor oil; silicone oils, and [0200] mixtures thereof.
[0201] The type and the amount of the at least one plasticizer
and/or of the at least one coalescence agent can be chosen by those
skilled in the art based on their general knowledge.
[0202] For example, the at least one plasticizer and/or at least
one coalescence agent can be present in an amount ranging from
0.01% to 20%, such as from 0.5% to 10% by weight, relative to the
total weight of the composition.
[0203] According to one embodiment, the makeup kit according to the
present disclosure comprises: [0204] i) at least one first liquid
composition comprising an organic solvent phase and at least one
film-forming polymer, [0205] ii) at least one flexible polymeric
film that is derived from the evaporation of the organic or aqueous
solvent phase of a solution or dispersion of at least one
film-forming polymer, wherein said at least one film and said first
liquid composition being such that, when the at least one film is
applied to the nail coated beforehand with said at least one first
composition, the film adheres to the nail.
[0206] The at least one film-forming polymer of the at least one
first composition and of the at least one polymeric film may be
identical or different.
[0207] According to another embodiment, the at least one flexible
polymeric film is a multilayer film prepared in several steps from
various compositions that derive from the crosslinking of a
crosslinkable composition and/or from the evaporation of the
organic or aqueous solvent phase of a solution or dispersion of at
least one film-forming polymer. For example, it can be a multilayer
film prepared by superimposing at least two, or even more, layers
obtained, respectively, by evaporation of the organic or aqueous
solvent phase of solutions or dispersions of film-forming
polymer(s) of different natures.
Other Additives
[0208] Pigments and Dyes
[0209] The at least one first composition and/or the at least one
flexible polymeric film can also comprise for example, at least one
organic or inorganic dyestuff, such as the pigments or pearlescent
agents of the type conventionally used in cosmetic
compositions.
[0210] As used herein, the term "pigments" is understood to mean
white or colored, mineral or organic particles that are insoluble
in the medium or aqueous, and are intended to color and/or opacify
the resulting film.
[0211] The at least one pigment, when present, may be present in an
amount ranging from 0.01% to 20% by weight, for instance, from
0.01% to 15% by weight, such as from 0.02% to 10% by weight,
relative to the total weight of the at least one first composition
and/or of the at least one polymeric film.
[0212] Among the mineral pigments that can be used in the present
disclosure, non-limiting mention may be made of titanium oxide,
zirconium oxide or cerium oxide, and also zinc oxide, iron oxide or
chromium oxide, ferric blue, manganese violet, ultramarine blue and
chromium hydrate.
[0213] Non-limiting mention may also be made of a pigment having a
structure that may, for example, be of sericite/brown iron
oxide/titanium dioxide/silica type. Such a pigment is sold, for
example, under the reference Coverleaf NS or JS by the company
Chemicals and Catalysts and has a contrast ratio in the region of
30.
[0214] The at least one dyestuff may also comprise at least one
pigment having a structure that may, for example, be of iron
oxide-comprising silica microsphere type. An example of a pigment
having this structure is that sold by the company Miyoshi under the
reference PC Ball PC-LL-100 P, this pigment comprising microspheres
of silica containing yellow iron oxide.
[0215] Among the organic pigments that can be used in the present
disclosure, non-limiting mention may be made of carbon black,
pigments of D & C type, and lakes based on cochineal carmine or
on barium, strontium, calcium or aluminium, or alternatively the
diketone pyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) described in European Patent Nos.
EP 0 542 669, EP 0 787 730, and EP 0 787 731 and International
Patent Application Publication No. WO-A-96/08537.
[0216] As used herein, the term "pearlescent agents" is understood
to mean colored particles of any form, that may or may not be
iridescent, for instance produced by certain molluscs in their
shell, or alternatively synthesized, and which provide a color
effect through optical interference.
[0217] The at least one pearlescent agent may be chosen from
pearlescent pigments such as titanium mica coated with an iron
oxide, mica coated with bismuth oxychloride, titanium mica coated
with chromium oxide, titanium mica coated with an organic dye, and
bismuth oxychloride-based pearlescent pigments. They may also be
chosen from mica particles at the surface of which at least two
successive layers of metal oxides and/or of organic dyestuffs are
superimposed.
[0218] As an example of pearlescent agents, non-limiting mention
may also be made of natural mica coated with titanium oxide, with
iron oxide, with a natural pigment or with bismuth oxychloride.
[0219] Among the pearlescent agents available on the market,
non-limiting mention may be made of the pearlescent agents Timica,
Flamenco and Duochrome (mica-based) sold by the company Engelhard,
the pearlescent agents Timiron sold by the company Merck, the
mica-based pearlescent agents Prestige sold by the company Eckart
and the synthetic mica-based pearlescent agents Sunshine sold by
the company Sun Chemical.
[0220] The pearlescent agents may have, for example, a yellow,
pink, red, bronze, orangey, brown and/or coppery color or
glint.
[0221] By way of illustration of the pearlescent agents that may be
used in the context of the present disclosure, non-limiting mention
may be made of the gold-colored pearlescent agents sold, for
instance, by the company Engelhard under the name Brilliant gold
212G (Timica), Gold 222C (Cloisonne), Sparkle gold (Timica), Gold
4504 (Chromalite) and Monarch gold 233X (Cloisonne); the bronze
pearlescent agents sold in particular by the company Merck under
the name Bronze fine (17384) (Colorona) and Bronze (17353)
(Colorona) and by the company Engelhard under the name Super bronze
(Cloisonne); the orange pearlescent agents sold, for instance, by
the company Engelhard under the name Orange 363C (Cloisonne) and
Orange MCR 101 (Cosmica) and by the company Merck under the name
Passion orange (Colorona) and Matte orange (17449) (Microna); the
brown-tinted pearlescent agents sold in particular by the company
Engelhard under the name Nu-antique copper 340XB (Cloisonne) and
Brown CL4509 (Chromalite); the pearlescent agents with a copper
glint sold, for example, by the company Engelhard under the name
Copper 340A (Timica); the pearlescent agents with a red glint sold,
for instance, by the company Merck under the name Sienna fine
(17386) (Colorona); the pearlescent agents with a yellow glint sold
for instance by the company Engelhard under the name Yellow (4502)
(Chromalite); the red-tinted pearlescent agents with a gold glint
sold, for example, by the company Engelhard under the name Sunstone
G012 (Gemtone); the pink pearlescent agents sold, for instance, by
the company Engelhard under the name Tan opale G005 (Gemtone); the
black pearlescent agents with a gold glint sold, for instance, by
the company Engelhard under the name Nu antique bronze 240 AB
(Timica), the blue pearlescent agents sold, for example, by the
company Merck under the name Matte blue (17433) (Microna), the
white pearlescent agents with a silvery glint sold, for instance,
by the company Merck under the name Xirona Silver and the golden
green orangey pinkish pearlescent agents sold, for example, by the
company Merck under the name Indian summer (Xirona), and mixtures
thereof.
[0222] The at least one first composition and/or the at least one
polymeric film according to the present disclosure may also
comprise at least one water-soluble or at least one liposoluble
dye, which may be present in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 10% by
weight, for instance ranging from 0.01% to 5% by weight, relative
to the total weight of the at least one first composition or of the
at least one polymeric film. The liposoluble dyes can be chosen
from, for example, Sudan red, DC Red 17, DC Green 6,
.beta.-carotene, soybean oil, Sudan brown, DC Yellow 11, DC Violet
2, DC Orange 5 or quinoline yellow. The water-soluble dyes can be
chosen from, for example, beetroot juice or methylene blue.
[0223] Material Having an Optical Effect
[0224] The at least one first composition and/or the at least one
polymeric film according to the present disclosure can comprise at
least one material having a specific optical effect, for instance,
present in the at least one flexible polymeric film. This effect is
different from a simple conventional tint effect, i.e. unified and
stabilized as produced by the conventional dyestuffs described
above, for instance monochromatic pigments. As used herein, the
term "stabilized" means devoid of any effect of color variability
with the angle of observation or alternatively in response to a
change in temperature.
[0225] The at least one material having a specific optical effect
is present in a sufficient amount to produce an optical effect that
is perceptible with the naked eye. For example, it can be an effect
chosen from goniochromatic, metallic, such as mirror, soft-focus,
rainbow and/or thermochromic effects.
[0226] For example, this material can be chosen from particles with
a metallic glint, goniochromatic coloring agents, diffractive
pigments, thermochromic agents, optical brighteners, and also
fibers, such as interference fibers. Of course, these various
materials can be combined so as to provide the simultaneous
manifestation of two effects, or even of a novel effect in
accordance with the present disclosure.
[0227] Particles with a Metallic Glint
[0228] As used herein, the expression "particles with a metallic
glint" is understood to mean particles whose nature, size,
structure and surface finish allow them to reflect incident light,
for instance, in a non-iridescent manner.
[0229] Particles exhibiting a substantially planar outer surface
are also suitable, since they are more readily able, if their size,
structure and surface finish allow it, to give rise to intense
specular reflection that can then be referred to as a mirror
effect.
[0230] The particles with a metallic glint that can be used in the
present disclosure can, for example, reflect light in all the
components of the visible range without significantly absorbing one
or more wavelengths. The spectral reflectance of these particles
may, for example, be greater than or equal to 70%, in the 400
nm-700 nm range, for instance, greater than or equal to 80%, such
as greater than or equal to 90%, for example 95%.
[0231] These particles can have a thickness of less than or equal
to 1 .mu.m, for instance less than or equal to 0.7 .mu.m, such as
less than or equal to 0.5 .mu.m.
[0232] The particles with a metallic glint can be, for example,
present in a total amount of less than or equal to 20% by weight,
such as less than or equal to 10% by weight, relative to the total
weight of the at least one first composition or of the at least one
polymeric film.
[0233] Among the particles with a metallic glint that can be used
in the present disclosure, non-limiting mention may be made of
those chosen from: [0234] particles of at least one metal and/or of
at least one metal derivative; [0235] particles comprising an
organic or mineral, single-substance or multi-substance substrate,
at least partially covered with at least one layer with a metallic
glint comprising at least one metal and/or at least one metal
derivative; and [0236] mixtures of said particles.
[0237] Among the metals that may be present in said particles,
non-limiting mention may, for example, be made of Ag, Au, Cu, Al,
Ni, Sn, Mg, Cr, Mo, Ti, Zr, Pt, Va, Rb, W, Zn, Ge, Te and Se, and
mixtures or alloys thereof. For example, in one embodiment, Ag, Au,
Cu, Al, Zn, Ni, Mo and Cr, and mixtures or alloys thereof (for
example bronzes and brasses), are used.
[0238] As used herein, the term "metal derivatives" is understood
to mean compounds derived from metals, such as oxides, fluorides,
chlorides and sulphides.
[0239] Among the metal derivatives that may be present in the
particles, non-limiting mention may be made of metal oxides such
as, for example, titanium oxide, for instance, TiO.sub.2, iron
oxide, for instance, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, tin oxide or chromium oxide,
barium sulphate, and the following compounds: MgF.sub.2, CrF.sub.3,
ZnS, ZnSe, SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, MgO, Y.sub.2O.sub.3,
SeO.sub.3, SiO, HfO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5,
Ta.sub.2O.sub.5 and MoS.sub.2, and mixtures or alloys thereof.
[0240] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
particles with a metallic glint can be made up of at least one
metal as defined above, of at least one metal derivative as defined
above, or alternatively of a mixture thereof.
[0241] These particles may be at least partially covered with a
layer of another material, for example of transparent material such
as, for instance, rosin, silica, stearates, polysiloxanes,
polyester resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins and acrylic
resins.
[0242] By way of illustration of these particles, non-limiting
mention may be made of aluminium particles, such as those sold
under the names Starbrite 1200 EAC.RTM. by the company Siberline
and Metalure.RTM. by the company Eckart.
[0243] Non-limiting mention may also be made of metallic copper
powders or alloy mixtures such as the references 2844 sold by the
company Radium Bronze, metallic pigments, for instance aluminium or
bronze, such as those sold under the names Rotosafe 700 from the
company Eckart, the silica-coated aluminium particles sold under
the name Visionaire Bright Silver from the company Eckart, and the
particles of metal alloy, for instance powders of bronze (copper
and zinc alloy), coated with silica, sold under the name Visionaire
Bright Natural Gold from the company Eckart.
[0244] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure,
these particles may be particles that comprise a substrate and that
therefore have a multilayer, for example bilayer, structure. This
substrate may be organic or mineral, natural or synthetic,
single-substance or multi-substance, solid or hollow. When the
substrate is synthetic, it may be prepared with a shape that
promotes the formation of a reflecting surface after coating, for
instance after the deposition of a layer of materials with a
metallic glint. The substrate may, for example, have a planar
surface and the layer of materials with a metallic glint may have a
substantially even thickness.
[0245] The substrate may be, by way of non-limiting example, chosen
from the metals and the metal derivatives as mentioned above, and
also from glasses, ceramics, aluminas, silicas, silicates, such as
aluminosilicates and borosilicates, and synthetic mica such as
fluorophlogopite, and mixtures thereof.
[0246] The layer with a metallic glint may completely or partly
coat the substrate and this layer may be at least partially covered
with a layer of another material, for example a transparent
material, such as mentioned above. According to one embodiment,
this layer with a metallic glint completely coats the substrate
directly or indirectly, i.e. with interposition of at least one
intermediate layer that may or may not be metallic.
[0247] The metals or metal derivatives that can be used in the
reflective layer are as defined above. For example, it may be made
up of at least one metal chosen from silver, aluminium, chromium,
nickel, molybdenum, gold, copper, tin and magnesium, and mixtures
(alloys) thereof. In one embodiment of the present disclosure,
silver, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and mixtures thereof, are
used.
[0248] By way of illustration of this second type of particles,
non-limiting mention may be made of: [0249] glass particles covered
with a metallic layer, for instance, those described in Japanese
Patent Nos. JP-A-09188830, JP-A-10158450, JP-A-10158541,
JP-A-07258460 and JP-A-05017710.
[0250] By way of illustration of these particles comprising a glass
substrate, non-limiting mention may be made of those coated,
respectively, with silver, with gold or with titanium, in the form
of flakes, sold by the company Nippon Sheet Glass under the names
Microglass Metashine. Particles with a silver-coated glass
substrate, in the form of flakes, are sold under the name
Microglass Metashine REFSX 2025 PS by the company Toyal. Particles
with a nickel/chrome/molybdenum alloy-coated glass substrate are
sold under the name Crystal Star GF 550 and GF 2525 by this same
company. There are those coated either with brown iron oxide or
with titanium oxide or tin oxide or a mixture thereof, such as
those sold under the name Reflecks.RTM. by the company Engelhard or
those sold under the reference Metashine MC 2080GP by the company
Nippon Sheet Glass.
[0251] These glass particles covered with metals can be coated with
silica, such as those sold under the name Metashine series PSS1 or
GPS1 by the company Nippon Sheet Glass.
[0252] Particles with a spherical glass substrate coated or not
coated with a metal, such as those sold under the name Prizmalite
Microsphere by the company Prizmalite Industries may also be
used.
[0253] Also suitable for use according to the disclosure are the
pigments of the Metashine 1080R range sold by the company Nippon
Sheet Glass Co. Ltd. These pigments, described for example, in
Japanese Patent Application No. JP 2001-11340, are flakes of
C-Glass comprising from 65% to 72% of SiO.sub.2, covered with a
layer of titanium oxide of rutile type (TiO.sub.2). These glass
flakes have an average thickness of 1 micron and an average size of
80 microns, i.e. an average size/average thickness ratio of 80.
They can provide blue, green or yellow glints or glints with a
silver tint, depending on the thickness of the layer of
TiO.sub.2.
[0254] Particles comprising a substrate of silver-coated
borosilicate, also called "white pearlescent agents" and may be
used.
[0255] Particles comprising a metal substrate such as aluminium,
copper or bronze, in the form of flakes, are sold under the trade
name Starbrite by the company Silberline and under the name
Visionaire by the company Eckart.
[0256] Particles comprising a substrate of synthetic mica coated
with titanium dioxide, and, for example, of the particles ranging
from 80 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m in size, comprising a substrate of
synthetic mica (fluorophlogopite) coated with titanium dioxide
representing 12% of the total weight of the particle, sold under
the name Prominence by the company Nihon Koken.
[0257] The particles with a metallic glint can also be chosen from
the particles formed from stacking at least two layers with
different refractive indices. These layers may be polymeric or
metallic in nature and may for example, include at least one
polymeric layer.
[0258] Thus, the particles with a metallic glint may be particles
that derive from a multilayer polymeric film.
[0259] The choice of materials intended to constitute the various
layers of the multilayer structure is, of course, made in such as
way as to confer the desired metallic effect on the particles thus
formed.
[0260] Such particles are described for instance, in International
Patent Application Publication No. WO 99/36477, and U.S. Pat. Nos.
6,299,979 and 6,387,498, and identified hereinafter in the
goniochromatic chapter.
[0261] Diffractive Pigments
[0262] As used herein, the term "diffractive pigment" is understood
to mean a pigment capable of producing a color variation according
to the angle of observation when it is lit by white light, due to
the presence of a structure that diffracts light.
[0263] A diffractive pigment may comprise a diffraction network
capable, for example, of diffracting a ray of monochromatic
incident light in defined directions. The diffraction network may
comprise a periodic unit, for instance a line, the distance between
two adjacent units being of the same order of magnitude as the
wavelength of the incident light. When the incident light is
polychromatic, the diffraction network will separate the various
spectral components of the light and produce a rainbow effect.
[0264] With regard to the structure of diffractive pigments, it may
be useful to refer to the article "Pigments Exhibiting Diffractive
Effects" by Alberto Argoitia and Matt Witzman, 2002, Society of
Vacuum Coaters, 45th Annual Technical Conference Proceedings
2002.
[0265] The diffractive pigment can be prepared with units having
various profiles, such as triangular, symmetrical or not, slotted,
of constant width or not, and/or sinusoidal. The spatial frequency
of the network and the depth of the units will be chosen according
to the degree of separation of the various orders desired. The
frequency can range, for example, from 500 lines per mm to 3000
lines per mm.
[0266] For example, the particles of the diffractive pigment each
exhibit a flattened form, such as in the form of a flake.
[0267] The same particle of pigment may comprise two cross
diffraction networks, which may or may not be perpendicular.
[0268] A possible structure for the diffractive pigment may
comprise a layer of a reflective material, covered at least on one
side with a layer of a dielectric material. The latter may confer
better rigidity and durability on the diffractive pigment. The
dielectric material can therefore be chosen, for example, from the
following materials: MgF.sub.2, SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3,
AlF.sub.3, CeF.sub.3, LaF.sub.3, NdF.sub.3, SmF.sub.2, BaF.sub.2,
CaF.sub.2 and LiF, and combinations thereof. The reflective
material can be chosen, for example, from metals and alloys thereof
and also from non-metallic reflective materials. Among the metals
that may be used, non-limiting mention may be made of Al, Ag, Cu,
Au, Pt, Sn, Ti, Pd, Ni, Co, Rd, Nb and Cr, and compounds,
combinations or alloys thereof. Such a reflective material may, on
its own, constitute the diffractive pigment, which will then be
monolayer.
[0269] In one embodiment, the diffractive pigment may comprise a
multilayer structure comprising a core of a dielectric material
covered with at least one reflective layer, at least on one side,
or even completely encapsulating the core. A layer of a dielectric
material may also cover the at least one reflective layer. The
dielectric material used can be then, for example, inorganic, and
can be chosen, for example, from metal fluorides, metal oxides,
metal sulphides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, and combinations
thereof. The dielectric material may be in the crystalline,
semi-crystalline or amorphous state. The dielectric material, in
this configuration, can, for example, be chosen from the following
materials: MgF.sub.2, SiO, SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2,
WO, AlN, BN, B.sub.4C, WC, TiC, TiN, N.sub.4Si.sub.3, ZnS, glass
particles, diamond-type carbons, and combinations thereof.
[0270] The diffractive pigment used can be chosen from, for
instance, those described in U.S. Patent Application Publication
No. U.S. 2003/0031870.
[0271] A diffractive pigment may comprise, for example, the
following structure: MgF.sub.2/Al/MgF.sub.2, a diffractive pigment
having this structure being sold under the name Spectraflair 1400
Pigment Silver by the company Flex Products, or Spectraflair 1400
Pigment Silver FG. MgF.sub.2 can be present in an amount ranging
from 80% to 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of the
pigment.
[0272] Goniochromatic Coloring Agents
[0273] As used herein, the term "goniochromatic coloring agent" is
understood to mean an agent that makes it possible to observe a
color change, also called "color flop," according to the angle of
observation, greater than that which can be encountered with
pearlescent agents. One or more goniochromatic coloring agents can
be used simultaneously.
[0274] The at least one goniochromatic coloring agent can be chosen
so as to exhibit a relatively substantial color change with the
angle of observation.
[0275] The at least one goniochromatic coloring agent can thus be
chosen such that it is possible to observe, for a variation in
angle of observation ranging from 0.degree. to 800 under lighting
at 45.degree., a variation in color .DELTA.E of the cosmetic
composition, measured in colorimetric space CIE 1976, of at least
2.
[0276] The at least one goniochromatic coloring agent can also be
chosen such that it is possible to observe, for lighting at
45.degree. and a variation in the angle of observation ranging from
0.degree. to 80.degree., a variation Dh in the angle of tint of the
cosmetic composition, in the CIE 1976 plane, of greater than or
equal to 30.degree., or even greater than or equal to 40.degree.,
or greater than or equal to 60.degree., or even, for instance,
greater than or equal to 100.degree..
[0277] The at least one goniochromatic coloring agent can be
chosen, for example, from multilayer interference structures and
liquid crystal coloring agents.
[0278] In the case of a multilayer structure, it may comprise, for
example, at least two layers, each layer, which may be identical or
different from the other layer(s), being prepared, for example,
from at least one material chosen from: MgF.sub.2, CeF.sub.3, ZnS,
ZnSe, Si, SiO.sub.2, Ge, Te, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, Pt, Va,
Al.sub.2O.sub.3, MgO, Y.sub.2O.sub.3, S.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO,
HfO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, Ta.sub.2O.sub.5,
TiO.sub.2, Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Rb, Ti, Ta, W, Zn, MoS.sub.2, cryolite,
alloys and polymers, and combinations thereof.
[0279] The multilayer structure may or may not exhibit, with
respect to a central layer, symmetry in terms of the chemical
nature of the layers that are piled up.
[0280] Non-limiting examples of symmetrical multilayer interference
structures that can be used in compositions prepared in accordance
with the present disclosure are, for example, the following
structures: Al/SiO.sub.2/Al/SiO.sub.2/Al, pigments having this
structure being sold by the company Dupont De Nemours;
Cr/MgF.sub.2/Al/MgF.sub.2/Cr, pigments having this structure being
sold under the name Chromoflair by the company Flex;
MoS.sub.2/SiO.sub.2/Al/SiO.sub.2/MoS.sub.2;
Fe.sub.2O.sub.3/SiO.sub.2/Al/SiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and
Fe.sub.2O.sub.3/SiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.2O.sub.3/SiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.2O.sub.3,
pigments having these structures being sold under the name
Sicopearl from the company BASF;
MoS.sub.2/SiO.sub.2/mica-oxide/SiO.sub.2/MoS.sub.2;
Fe.sub.2O.sub.3/SiO.sub.2/mica-oxide/SiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.2O.sub.3;
TiO.sub.2/SiO.sub.2/TiO.sub.2 and
TiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2,
SnO/TiO.sub.2/SiO.sub.2/TiO.sub.2/SnO;
Fe.sub.2O.sub.3/SiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.2O.sub.3;
SnO/mica/TiO.sub.2/SiO.sub.2/TiO.sub.2/mica/SnO, pigments having
these structures being sold under the name Xirona by the company
Merck (Darmstadt). By way of non-limiting example, these pigments
may be the pigments having the structure silica/titanium oxide/tin
oxide sold under the name Xirona Magic by the company Merck, the
pigments having the structure silica/brown iron oxide sold under
the name Xirona Indian Summer by the company Merck, and the
pigments having the structure silica/titanium oxide/mica/tin oxide
sold under the name Xirona Carribean Blue by the company Merck.
Non-limiting mention may also be made of the pigments Infinite
Colors from the company Shiseido. Various effects are obtained
depending on the thickness and the nature of the various layers.
Thus, with the structure
Fe.sub.2O.sub.3/SiO.sub.2/Al/SiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, the color
changes from green-golden to red-grey for SiO.sub.2 layers of 320
nm to 350 nm; from red to golden for SiO.sub.2 layers of 380 nm to
400 nm; from violet to green for SiO.sub.2 layers of 410 nm to 420
nm; from copper to red for SiO.sub.2 layers of 430 nm to 440
nm.
[0281] Goniochromatic coloring agents with a multilayer structure
comprising alternating polymeric layers can also be used.
[0282] By way of illustration of the materials that may constitute
the various layers of the multilayer structure, mention may be
made, without this list being limiting, of: polyethylene
naphthalate (PEN) and its isomers, for example 2,6-, 1,4-, 1,5-,
2,7- and 2,3-PEN, polyalkylene terephthalates, polyimides,
polyetherimides, atactic polystyrenes polycarbonates, poly(alkyl
methacrylate)s and poly(alkyl acrylate)s, syndiotactic polystyrene
(sPS), syndiotactic poly-alpha-methylstyrenes, syndiotactic
polydichlorostyrene, copolymers and blends of these polystyrenes,
cellulose derivatives, polyalkylene polymers, fluoropolymers,
chloropolymers, polysulphones, polyethersulphones,
polyacrylonitriles, polyamides, silicone resins, epoxy resins,
polyvinyl acetate, polyetheramides, ionomeric resins, elastomers
and polyurethanes. Copolymers are also suitable, for example PEN
copolymers (for example, copolymers of 2,6-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 2,7-
and/or 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid or its esters with (a)
terephthalic acid or its esters; (b) isophthalic acid or its
esters; (c) phthalic acid or its esters; (d) alkane glycols; (e)
cycloalkane glycols (for example, cyclohexanedimethanol diol); (f)
alkane dicarboxylic acids; and/or (g) cycloalkane dicarboxylic
acids), polyalkylene terephthalate copolymers and styrene
copolymers. In addition, each individual layer may include blends
of two or more polymers or copolymers above. The choice of
materials intended to constitute the various layers of the
multilayer structure is, of course, made so as to confer the
desired optical effect on the particles thus formed.
[0283] By way of example of pigments with a polymeric multilayer
structure, non-limiting mention may be made of those sold by the
company 3M under the name Color Glitter.
[0284] The liquid-crystal coloring agents comprise, for example,
silicones or cellulose ethers onto which mesomorphic groups are
grafted.
[0285] As liquid-crystal goniochromatic particles, use may, by way
of non-limiting example, be made of those sold by the company
Chenix and also those sold under the name Helicone.RTM. HC by the
company Wacker.
[0286] These agents may also be in the form of dispersed
goniochromatic fibers. Such fibers may, for example, range from 50
.mu.m to 700 .mu.m, for example 300 .mu.m, in size.
[0287] For instance, interference fibers having a multilayer
structure may be used. Fibers having a multilayer polymer structure
are described, for example, in European Patent Nos. EP 0 921 217,
EP 0 686 858 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,472,798. The multilayer structure
can comprise at least two layers, each layer, which may be
identical or different from the other layer(s), being made of at
least one synthetic polymer. The polymers present in the fibers can
have a refractive index ranging from 1.30 to 1.82, such as ranging
from 1.35 to 1.75. Among the polymers that may be used for
constituting the fibers, non-limiting mention may be made of
polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene
naphthalate or polycarbonate; acrylic-polymers such as poly(methyl
methacrylate); polyamides.
[0288] For example, goniochromatic fibers having a polyethylene
terephthalate/nylon-6 bilayer structure are sold by the company
Teijin under the name Morphotex.
[0289] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the at least
one goniochromatic coloring agent may be combined with at least one
diffractive pigment.
[0290] The combination of these two materials can result in a
composition or a film that exhibits increased color variability,
and which is therefore able to allow an observer to perceive a
color change, or even a color movement, under numerous observation
and light conditions.
[0291] The weight ratio of the at least one diffractive pigment to
the at least one goniochromatic coloring agent can range, for
example, from 85/15 to 15/85, for instance from 80/20 to 20/80,
such as from 60/40 to 40/60, for example of the order of 50/50.
Such a ratio can provide a strong rainbow effect and a strong
goniochromatic effect.
[0292] Optical Brighteners
[0293] At least one optical brightener may be used. Optical
brighteners are compounds well known to those skilled in the art.
Such compounds are described, for example, in "Fluorescent
Whitening Agent, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Kirk-Othmer,"
vol. 11, p. 227-241, 4th edition, 1994, Wiley. They can also be
defined, for instance, as compounds that can absorb in the UVA
range, ranging from 300 nm to 390 nm and that can re-emit in the
range ranging from 400 nm to 525 nm.
[0294] Among optical brighteners, non-limiting mention may be made
of stilbene derivatives, for instance polystyrylstilbenes and
triazine-stilbenes, coumarin derivatives, such as hydroxycoumarins
and aminocoumarins, oxazole derivatives, benzoxazole derivatives,
imidazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, pyrazoline
derivatives, pyrene derivatives and porphyrin derivatives, and
mixtures thereof.
[0295] Such compounds are readily commercially available. Mention
may be made, by way of non-limiting example, of: the stilbene
derivative of naphthotriazole sold under the trade name "Tinopal
GS," the disodium distyryl-4,4'-biphenyl sulphonate (CTFA name:
disodium distyrylbiphenyl disulfonate) sold under the trade name
"Tinopal CBS-X," the cationic derivative of aminocoumarin sold
under the trade name "Tinopal SWN CONC.," the sodium
4,4'-bis[(4,6-dianilino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]stilbene-2,2'-disulphona-
te sold under the tradename "Tinopal SOP," the
4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-bis(2-dihydroxyethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino-
]stilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid sold under the trade name "Tinopal
UNPA-GX," the
4,4'-bis[anilino-6-morpholine-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]stilbene
sold under the trade name "Tinopal AMS-GX," and the
4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amin-
o]-2,2'-stilbenedisulphonic acid disodium salt sold under the
tradename "Tinopal 5BM-GX," all by the company CIBA Specialites
Chimiques; the 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzoxazolyl)thiophene sold
under the trade name "Uvitex OB" by the company Ciba, the anionic
derivative of diaminostilbene as a dispersion in water, sold under
the tradename "Leucophor BSB liquide" by the company Clariant, and
the optical brightener lakes sold under the trade name "Covazur" by
the company Wackherr.
[0296] The optical brighteners that can be used in the present
disclosure may also be in the form of copolymers, for example
copolymers of acrylates and/or of methacrylates, grafted with
optical brightener groups as described in French Patent Application
No. FR 99 10942.
[0297] The at least one optical brightener may be used as it is, or
may be introduced into the film in the form of particles and/or of
fibers covered with said at least one optical brightener, such as
those described below.
[0298] For example, the fibers covered with at least one optical
brightener such as those sold by the company LCW under the trade
reference Fiberlon 54 Z03, that are approximately 0.4 mm long and
have a titre of 0.5 denier, can be used.
[0299] Material with Relief Effect
[0300] At least one material with relief effect may also be used.
The relief effect may or may not be associated with an optical
effect. A material of this type is generally present in an amount
sufficient to confer a relief effect perceptible to the touch, or
even to the naked eye. It may in particular be a rough and/or
hammer stroke effect.
[0301] Material Conferring a Rough Appearance
[0302] The at least one polymeric film of the kit according to the
present disclosure can be used, for example, for attaching solid
particles or fibers to its film, thus conferring an original makeup
with relief. In addition, the substantially spherically-shaped or
ovoid-shaped particles can give the makeup a soft feel.
[0303] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the solid
particles are substantially spherical in shape, so as to allow good
distribution thereof when they are applied to the at least one
first layer.
[0304] The solid particles used according to the present disclosure
may have an average size ranging from 2.5 .mu.m to 5 mm, such as
from 50 .mu.m to 2 mm. The smaller the particles, the more
satisfactory the manner in which they last. The use of particles is
also compatible with the implementation of motifs.
[0305] The solid particles may be made of any material that
satisfies the density properties defined above. For example, the
solid particles may be made of a material chosen from glass,
zirconium oxide, tungsten carbide, plastics such as polyurethanes,
polyamides, polytetrafluoroethylene or propylene, metals such as
steel, copper, brass or chromium, marble, onyx, jade, natural
mother-of-pearl, precious stones (diamond, emerald, ruby,
sapphire), amethyst, aquamarine. For instance, glass beads such as
those sold under the name "Silibeads.RTM." by the company Sigmund
Lindner may be used; these beads additionally can confer a gloss
effect and a sparkling effect on the makeup.
[0306] The solid particles, which may or may not be deformable, can
be solid or hollow, colorless or colored, and coated or
uncoated.
[0307] The fibers that can be used according to the present
disclosure may be fibers of synthetic or natural, mineral or
organic origin.
[0308] As used herein, the term "fiber" is understood to mean an
object of length L and of diameter D such that L is much greater
than D, D being the diameter of the circle into which the cross
section of the fiber fits. The ratio of (L/D) (or shape factor) can
range from 3.5 to 2,500, for instance from 5 to 500, such as from 5
to 150.
[0309] The fibers may be, for example, fibers used in the
manufacture of textiles, such as particular silk, cotton, wool or
flax fibers, fibers of cellulose, for instance extracted from wood,
vegetables or algae, fibers of rayon, polyamide (Nylon.RTM.),
viscose, acetate, such as rayon acetate,
poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) (or aramide), for instance
Kevlar.RTM., acrylic polymer, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) or
poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), polyolefin, and for example
polyethylene or polypropylene, glass, silica, carbon, such as in
the form of graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene (such as
Teflon.RTM.), insoluble collagen, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride or
vinylidene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, chitosan,
polyurethane, or polyethylene phthalate, or fibers formed from a
blend of polymers such as those mentioned above, for instance
polyamide/polyester fibers.
[0310] Material Conferring a Hammer Stroke Appearance
[0311] It is possible to package in the at least one polymeric film
of the kit according to the present disclosure a material
comprising a mixture of fumed silica, metallic pigment and
organopolysiloxane compound, so as to confer on it a hammer stroke
appearance.
[0312] Such a mixture is described, for instance, in European
Patent Application No. EP 1 040 813.
[0313] Material with Olfactory Effect
[0314] For example, the at least one polymeric film according to
the present disclosure can also have olfactory properties through
the incorporation, into said the at least one film, for instance,
of at least one scented material and/or fragrant substance.
[0315] The at least one fragrant substance can be chosen from any
substance that gives off an odor, well known to those skilled in
the art, for example, from essential oils and/or essences.
[0316] The at least one olfactory material can, if necessary, be
introduced via at least one solvent-plasticizer.
[0317] As used herein, the term "solvent-plasticizer" is understood
to mean a compound that at least partially solubilizes the
olfactory material and that is capable of evaporating slowly.
[0318] The at least one solvent-plasticizer can be chosen from
glycols, such as dipropylene glycol, ethyl diglycol, n-propyl
glycol, n-butyl glycol, methyl diglycol or n-butyl diglycol,
alcohols, such as cyclohexanol, 2-ethylbutanol, 3-methoxybutanol,
2-ethylhexanol or phenoxyethanol, esters, such as glycol
monoacetate, ethyl glycol acetate, n-butyl glycol acetate, ethyl
diglycol acetate, n-butyl diglycol acetate, methyl abietate,
isopropyl myristate, propylene glycol diacetate or propylene glycol
methyl ether acetate, and glycol ethers such as dipropylene glycol
methyl ether or dipropylene glycol butyl ether, alone or as a
mixture.
[0319] The at least one first composition and/or the at least one
flexible polymeric film can also comprise at least one adjuvant
commonly used in cosmetics, and for instance in the nailcare and/or
cosmetics field. For example, the at least one adjuvant can be
chosen from vitamins, trace elements, softening agents,
sequestering agents, basifying or acidifying agents, wetting
agents, thickeners, dispersing agents, anti-foaming agents,
spreading agents, co-resins, preserving agents, UV-screening
agents, active agents, moisturizers, neutralizers, stabilizers,
antioxidants, and mixtures thereof.
[0320] Thus, it can for instance incorporate, as active agents,
hardening or strengthening agents for keratin materials, active
agents that promote nail growth, such as methylsulphonylmethane,
and/or active agents for treating various conditions located in the
nail, for instance onychomycosis.
[0321] The at least one adjuvant can be present in an amount
conventionally used in this field, for example, from 0.01% to 20%
by weight, such as from 0.01% to 10% by weight, relative to the
total weight of the at least one first composition or of the at
least one polymeric film.
[0322] Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise
indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients,
reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and
claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by
the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary,
the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification
and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon
the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present
disclosure. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the
application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the
claims, each numerical parameter should be construed in light of
the number of significant digits and ordinary rounding
approaches.
[0323] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters
setting forth the broad scope of the disclosure are approximations,
the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are
reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however,
inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the
standard deviation found in their respective testing
measurements.
[0324] The following example illustrates the present disclosure in
a non-limiting manner.
EXAMPLE
[0325] TABLE-US-00001 Example 1: Makeup kit for nails Component
weight % 1) First liquid composition Nitrocellulose 10%
Plasticizer: n-ethyl-o,p-toluenesulphonamide 4% (Resimpol 8 from
Pan-Americana) Alkyd resin 10% 50/50 butyl acetate/ethyl acetate qs
100 2) Flexible polymeric film Nitrocellulose 10% Plasticizer:
n-ethyl-o,p-toluenesulphonamide 5% (Resimpol 8 from Pan-Americana)
Alkyd resin 10% Modified hectorite (Bentone 27V from Elementis)
1.3% Pigments. 1% 50/50 butyl acetate/ethyl acetate qs 100
[0326] A layer, 600.+-.20 microns thick, of the above flexible
polymeric film composition was spread over a plate covered with
Teflon.RTM. and left to dry for 7 days at ambient temperature
(25.degree. C.). A flexible polymeric film approximately 130.+-.30
microns thick, derived from the evaporation of the solvent phase of
the composition, was obtained and was detached from the
support.
[0327] A layer of the at least one first liquid composition was
then applied to the nail, a few seconds were allowed to elapse, and
then the flexible polymeric film, cut beforehand to the shape of
the nail was applied to the nail coated with the first composition.
The excess film was cut to the size of the nail with a cutting
instrument.
* * * * *