U.S. patent application number 11/258914 was filed with the patent office on 2006-02-16 for composition for topical administration.
This patent application is currently assigned to Sucampo AG. Invention is credited to Ryuji Ueno.
Application Number | 20060034892 11/258914 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 23170731 |
Filed Date | 2006-02-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060034892 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ueno; Ryuji |
February 16, 2006 |
Composition for topical administration
Abstract
The present invention provides a composition for topical
administration comprising an interleukin 2 inhibitor and an
antimicrobial agent as active ingredients thereof, wherein said
interleukin 2 inhibitor contains a tricyclo compound as shown by
the general formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. The present invention further provides a method for
treating inflammations and/or infections comprising topical
administration of an effective amount of an interleukin 2 inhibitor
and an antimicrobial agent to a subject in need of the treatment of
inflammations and/or infections.
Inventors: |
Ueno; Ryuji; (Potomac,
MD) |
Correspondence
Address: |
OBLON, SPIVAK, MCCLELLAND, MAIER & NEUSTADT, P.C.
1940 DUKE STREET
ALEXANDRIA
VA
22314
US
|
Assignee: |
Sucampo AG
Zug
CH
|
Family ID: |
23170731 |
Appl. No.: |
11/258914 |
Filed: |
October 27, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10187013 |
Jul 2, 2002 |
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11258914 |
Oct 27, 2005 |
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60303148 |
Jul 6, 2001 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/427 ;
514/12.2; 514/2.3; 514/20.5; 514/291 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 38/13 20130101;
A61P 11/02 20180101; A61P 43/00 20180101; A61P 31/10 20180101; A61K
31/436 20130101; A61P 29/00 20180101; A61K 31/436 20130101; A61P
27/12 20180101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61P 31/04 20180101; A61K
38/13 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61P
27/02 20180101; A61P 17/00 20180101; A61K 31/535 20130101; A61P
41/00 20180101; A61P 37/06 20180101; A61P 31/00 20180101; A61K
31/496 20130101; A61P 27/14 20180101; A61K 31/535 20130101; A61P
11/06 20180101; A61K 45/06 20130101; A61P 11/00 20180101; A61P
17/08 20180101; A61P 37/08 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/427 ;
514/011; 514/291 |
International
Class: |
A61K 38/13 20060101
A61K038/13; A61K 31/4745 20060101 A61K031/4745; A61F 2/00 20060101
A61F002/00 |
Claims
1-7. (canceled)
8. A method for treating inflammations and/or infections comprising
topical administration of an effective amount of an interleukin 2
inhibitor and an effective amount of an antimicrobial agent to a
subject in need of the treatment of inflammations and/or
infections.
9. (canceled)
10. The method of claim 8, wherein said interleukin 2 inhibitor is
a macrolide compound or cyclosporins.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein said macrolide compound is a
tricycle compound as shown by the following general formul;a (I) or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR4## wherein adjacent
pairs of R.sup.1 and R.sup.3, and R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6
each independently a) are two adjacent hydrogen atoms, wherein
R.sup.2is optionally alkyl, or b) form another bond optionally
between carbon atoms binding with the members of said pairs;
R.sup.7 is hydrogen atom, hydroxy, alkyloxy or protected hydroxyl,
or may form oxo with R.sup.1; R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 each
independently are hydrogen atom or hydroxy; R.sup.10 is hydrogen
atom, alkyl, alkenyl, alkyl substituted by one or more hydroxy,
alkenyl substituted by one or more hydroxy or alkyl substituted by
oxo; X is oxo, (hydrogen atom, hydroxy), (Hydrogen atom, Hydrogen
atom), or a group of the formula --CH.sub.2O--; Y is oxo, (hydrogen
atom, hydroxy), (hydrogen atom, hydrogen atom), or a group of the
formula N--NR.sup.11R.sup.12 or N--OR.sup.13; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12
each independently are hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl or tosyl;
R.sup.13 R.sup.14, R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.17, R.sup.18,
R.sup.19, R.sup.22 and R.sup.23 each independently are hydrogen
atom or alkyl; R.sup.24 is an optionally substituted ring that may
contain one or more heteroatom(s); and n is 1 or 2; wherein Y,
R.sup.10 and R.sup.23 may be, together with the carbon atom they
bind with, a saturated or unsaturated 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic
group containing nitrogen atom, sulfur atom and/or oxygen atom,
wherein the heterocyclic group may be optionally substituted by one
or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
hydroxy, alkyloxy, benzyl, a group of the formula --CH.sub.2Se
(C.sub.6H.sub.5), and alkyl substituted by one or more hydroxy.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein said tricycle compound is
FK506.
13. The method of any of claims 8 and 10 to 12, wherein said
antimicrobial agent is quinolone antimicrobial agent.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein said quinolone antimicrobial
agent is nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid, piromidic acid,
norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin,
tosufloxacin, fleroxacin, sparfloxacin, enrofloxacin and enoxacin
or a mixture thereof.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein said quinolone antimicrobial
agent is ofloxacin.
16. The method of claim 8, wherein said topical administration is
skin administration.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a composition for topical
administration comprising an interleukin 2 inhibitor and an
antimicrobial agent as active ingredients thereof. More
particularly, the present invention relates a composition for
topical administration comprising an interleukin 2 inhibitor and an
antimicrobial agent as active lo ingredients thereof for the
treatment of inflammations and/or infections.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Interleukin 2 inhibitor is a substance having interleukin 2
inhibitory activity. Known as examples of such substance are
interleukin 2 production inhibitory substance and interleukin 2
signal transduction inhibitory substance. Interleukin 2 is
necessary for activating T cells to proliferate. Interleukin 2
inhibitor shows an immunosuppressive effect through the T cell
activating mechanism.
[0003] In recent years, interleukin 2 inhibitors have been tried
for the treatment of various inflammations or diseases accompanying
inflammations. For example, macrolide compounds such as FK506 and
cyclosporins are known to be effective for the treatment of
allergic conjunctivitis, allergic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis
(U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,514,686, 5,385,907, etc.). Prior to this, the
present inventor has reported that interleukin 2 inhibitor(s)
comprising macrolide compound(s) such as FK506 are effective for
the treatment of dry eye (WO00/66122) and topical ophthalmic
treatment of ocular inflammations (U.S. Provisional Application No.
60/283,169, now PCT/JP02/03664).
[0004] However, in the topical treatment of various inflammations
using interleukin 2 inhibitor, the immunosuppressive effect caused
by interleukin 2 inhibitor may result in such side effects as
infections. Accordingly, it is desired to develop anti-inflammatory
agents reducing such side effects without adversely affecting main
effects of interleukin 2 inhibitor.
[0005] Meanwhile, antimicrobial agents have been used for the
ocular or dermal infection and the prevention of postoperative
infection. In treating such infections, it is very important to
prevent the proliferation and spread of microorganism at
pathologically changed locations. Likewise, it is very important to
inhibit the accompanying inflammations or an excessive
immuno-inflammatory reaction following phylaxis. In order to meet
such requirements, steroid drugs are mainly used as additional
anti-inflammatory agents. However, using steroid drugs has the risk
of causing such side effects as accentuation of infections by
microorganism at pathologically changed locations; thinning of skin
and pilosebaceous abnormal activation; weakened vascular wall in
the air duct or nasal cavity; and steroidal glaucoma in the eye.
Therefore, it is desired to develop safe and effective
antimicrobial agent for the treatment of infections and their
accompanying inflammations or infections showing an excessive
immuno-inflammatory reaction following phylaxis.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present inventor has conducted intensive studies and
found that in the topical treatment of inflammations and/or
infections, the combined interleukin 2 (hereinafter, may be simply
referred to as IL-2) inhibitor and antimicrobial agent will inhibit
inflammations and/or infections without adversely affecting main
effects of each agent, which has resulted in the completion of the
present invention.
[0007] Accordingly, the present invention provides the following.
[0008] (1) A composition for topical administration comprising an
interleukin 2 inhibitor and an antimicrobial agent as active
ingredients thereof. [0009] (2) The composition of (1), wherein
said interleukin 2 inhibitor is a macrolide compound or
cyclosporins. [0010] (3) The composition of (2), wherein said
macrolide compound is a tricyclo compound as shown by the following
general formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
##STR1## wherein adjacent pairs of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and
R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each independently
[0011] a) show two adjacent hydrogen atoms, wherein R.sup.2 is
optionally alkyl, or
[0012] b) form another bond optionally between carbon atoms binding
with the members of said pairs;
[0013] R.sup.7 is hydrogen atom, hydroxy, alkyloxy or protected
hydroxy or may form oxo with R.sup.1;
[0014] R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 each independently show hydrogen atom or
hydroxy;
[0015] R.sup.10 is hydrogen atom, alkyl, alkenyl, alkyl substituted
by one or more hydroxy, alkenyl substituted by one or more hydroxy
or alkyl substituted by oxo;
[0016] X is oxo, (hydrogen atom, hydroxy), (hydrogen atom, hydrogen
atom), or a group of the formula --CH.sub.2O--;
[0017] Y is oxo, (hydrogen atom, hydroxy), (hydrogen atom, hydrogen
atom), or a group of the formula N--NR.sup.11R.sup.12 or
N--OR.sup.13;
[0018] R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 each independently show hydrogen atom,
alkyl, aryl or tosyl;
[0019] R.sup.13, R.sup.14, R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.17, R.sup.18,
R.sup.19, R.sup.22 and R.sup.23 each independently show hydrogen
atom or alkyl;
[0020] R.sup.24 is an optionally substituted ring that may contain
one or more heteroatom(s); and
[0021] n is 1 or 2;
wherein
[0022] Y, R.sup.10 and R.sup.23 may show, together with the carbon
atom they bind with, a saturated or unsaturated 5 or 6-membered
heterocyclic group containing nitrogen atom, sulfur atom and/or
oxygen atom, wherein the heterocyclic group may be optionally
substituted by one or more group(s) selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, hydroxy, alkyloxy, benzyl, a group of the
formula --CH.sub.2Se(C.sub.6H.sub.5), and alkyl substituted by one
or more hydroxy. [0023] (4) The composition of (3), wherein said
tricyclo compound is FK506. [0024] (5) The composition of any of
(1) to (4), wherein said antimicrobial agent is quinolone
antimicrobial agent. [0025] (6) The composition of (5), wherein
said quinolone antimicrobial agent is nalidixic acid, pipemidic
acid, piromidic acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin,
ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin, fleroxacin,
sparfloxacin, enrofloxacin and enoxacin or a mixture thereof.
[0026] (7) The composition of (6), wherein said quinolone
antimicrobial agent is ofloxacin. [0027] (8) A method for treating
inflammations and/or infections comprising topical administration
of an effective amount of an interleukin 2 inhibitor and an
effective amount of an antimicrobial agent to a subject in need of
the treatment of inflammations and/or infections. [0028] (9) A use
of an interleukin 2 inhibitor and an antimicrobial agent for
manufacturing a composition for topical administration for the
treatment of inflammations and/or infections. [0029] (10) The
method of (8), wherein said interleukin 2 inhibitor is a macrolide
compound or cyclosporins. [0030] (11) The method of (10), wherein
said macrolide compound is a tricyclo compound as shown by the
following general formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. [0031] (12) The method of (11), wherein said tricyclo
compound is FK506. [0032] (13) The method of any of (8) and (10) to
(12), wherein said antimicrobial agent is quinolone antimicrobial
agent. [0033] (14) The method of (13), wherein said quinolone
antimicrobial agent is nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid, piromidic
acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin,
lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin, fleroxacin, sparfloxacin, enrofloxacin
and enoxacin or a mixture thereof. [0034] (15) The method of (14),
wherein said quinolone antimicrobial agent is ofloxacin.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0035] The present invention relates to a composition for topical
administration comprising an interleukin 2 inhibitor and an
antimicrobial agent as active ingredients thereof.
[0036] The present invention further relates to a method for
treating inflammations and/or infections comprising topical
administration of an effective amount of an interleukin 2 inhibitor
and an antimicrobial agent to a subject in need of the treatment of
inflammations and/or infections.
[0037] Moreover, the present invention relates to a use of an
interleukin 2 inhibitor and an antimicrobial agent for
manufacturing a composition for topical administration for the
treatment of inflammations and/or infections.
[0038] The present IL-2 inhibitor should not be particularly
limited, as far as they have IL-2 inhibitory activity. A specific
example of such agents is IL-2 production inhibitory substance.
Another specific example of such agent is IL-2 signal transduction
inhibitory substance. Preferred specific examples of the above are
macrolide compounds (e.g., FK506, ascomycin derivative and
rapamycin derivative) and cyclosporins. A single or a combination
of two or more IL-2 inhibitors may be used.
[0039] The present invention encompasses an embodiment wherein an
IL-2 inhibitor and an antimicrobial agent are contained in a single
pharmaceutical preparation and an embodiment wherein they are
separately formed into pharmaceutical preparations and topically
administered simultaneously, which is what is called a combination
use.
[0040] A specific example of the macrolide compound is a tricyclo
compound as shown by the following general formula (I) or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. ##STR2## wherein adjacent
pairs of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 and
R.sup.6 each independently
[0041] a) consist of two adjacent hydrogen atoms, wherein R.sup.2
is optionally alkyl, or
[0042] b) form another bond optionally between carbon atoms binding
with the members of said pairs;
[0043] R.sup.7 is hydrogen atom, hydroxy, alkyloxy or protected
hydroxy, or may form oxo with R.sup.1;
[0044] R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 each independently show hydrogen atom or
hydroxy;
[0045] R.sup.10 is hydrogen atom, alkyl, alkenyl, alkyl substituted
by one or more hydroxy, alkenyl substituted by one or more hydroxy
or alkyl substituted by oxo;
[0046] X is oxo, (hydrogen atom, hydroxy), (hydrogen atom, hydrogen
atom), or a group of the formula --CH.sub.2O--;
[0047] Y is oxo, (hydrogen atom, hydroxy), (hydrogen atom, hydrogen
atom), or a group of the formula N--NR.sup.11R.sup.12 or
N--OR.sup.13;
[0048] R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 each independently show hydrogen atom,
alkyl, aryl or tosyl;
[0049] R.sup.13, R.sup.14, R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.17, R.sup.18,
R.sup.19, R.sup.22 and R.sup.23 each independently show hydrogen
atom or alkyl;
[0050] R.sup.24 is an optionally substituted ring that may contain
one or more heteroatom(s); and
[0051] n is 1 or 2.
[0052] In addition to the meaning noted above, Y, R.sup.10 and
R.sup.23 may show, together with the carbon atom they bind with, a
saturated or unsaturated 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic group
containing nitrogen atom, sulfur atom and/or oxygen atom, wherein
the heterocyclic group may be optionally substituted by one or more
group(s) selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxy,
alkyloxy, benzyl, a group of the formula
--CH.sub.2Se(C.sub.6H.sub.5), and alkyl substituted by one or more
hydroxy, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
[0053] In the general formula (I), preferable R.sup.24 is, for
example, cyclo(C.sub.5-C.sub.7)alkyl optionally having suitable
substituent, such as the following. [0054] (a) 3,4-dioxocyclohexyl;
[0055] (b) 3-R.sup.20-4-R.sup.21-cyclohexyl,
[0056] wherein R.sup.20 is hydroxy, alkyloxy or
--OCH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3, and R.sup.21 is hydroxy,
--OCN, alkyloxy, heteroaryloxy optionally having suitable
substituent, --OCH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3, protected
hydroxy, chloro, bromo, iodo, aminooxalyloxy, azide,
p-tolyloxythiocarbonyloxy, or R.sup.25R.sup.26CHCOO-- (wherein
R.sup.25 is hydroxy optionally protected where desired or protected
amino, and R.sup.26 is hydrogen atom or methyl, or R.sup.20 and
R.sup.21 in combination form an oxygen atom of epoxide ring); or
[0057] (c) cyclopentyl wherein cyclopentyl is substituted by
methoxymethyl, optionally protected hydroxymethyl where desired,
acyloxymethyl (wherein acyl moiety is optionally quaternized
dimethylamino or optionally esterified carboxy), one or more
optionally protected amino and/or hydroxy, or aminooxalyloxymethyl.
Preferable examples include 2-formylcyclopentyl.
[0058] The definition of each symbol used in the formula (I),
specific examples thereof and preferable embodiments thereof will
be explained in detail in the following.
[0059] "Lower" means a group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms unless
otherwise indicated.
[0060] Preferable examples of the alkyl moiety of "alkyl" and
"alkyloxy" include linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon
residue, such as lower alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl,
isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl and the
like).
[0061] Preferable examples of "alkenyl" include linear or branched
aliphatic hydrocarbon residue having one double bond, such as lower
alkenyl (e.g., vinyl, propenyl (e.g., allyl and the like), butenyl,
methylpropenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl and the like).
[0062] Preferable examples of "aryl" include phenyl, tolyl, xylyl,
cumenyl, mesityl, naphthyl and the like.
[0063] Preferable examples of the protective group for "protected
hydroxy" and "protected amino" include 1-(loweralkylthio)
(lower)alkyl such as lower alkylthiomethyl (e.g., methylthiomethyl,
ethylthiomethyl, propylthiomethyl, isopropylthiomethyl,
butylthiomethyl, isobutylthiomethyl, hexylthiomethyl and the like),
with more preference given to C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylthiomethyl and
most preference given to methylthiomethyl; tri-substituted silyl
such as tri(lower)alkylsilyl (e.g., trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl,
tributylsilyl, tert-butyl dimethylsilyl, tri-tert-butylsilyl and
the like), and lower alkyldiarylsilyl (e.g., methyldiphenylsilyl,
ethyldiphenylsilyl, propyldiphenylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl
and the like), with more preference given to tri (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)
alkylsilyl and C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyldiphenylsilyl, and most
preference given to tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl and
tert-butyldiphenylsilyl; acyl such as aliphatic acyl, aromatic acyl
and aliphatic acyl substituted by aromatic group, which are derived
from carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid and carbamic acid; and the
like.
[0064] The aliphatic acyl is exemplified by lower alkanoyl
optionally having one or more suitable substituent(s) (e.g.,
carboxy) such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl,
valeryl, isovaleryl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl, carboxyacetyl,
carboxypropionyl, carboxybutyryl, carboxyhexanoyl and the like;
cyclo(lower)alkyloxy(lower)alkanoyl optionally having one or more
suitable substituent(s) (e.g., lower alkyl) such as
cyclopropyloxyacetyl, cyclobutyloxypropionyl,
cycloheptyloxybutyryl, mentyloxyacetyl, mentyloxypropionyl,
mentyloxybutyryl, mentyloxypentanoyl, mentyloxyhexanoyl and the
like; camphorsulfonyl; lower alkylcarbamoyl having one or more
suitable substituent(s) such as carboxy or protected carboxy and
the like, such as carboxy(lower)alkylcarbamoyl (e.g.,
carboxymethylcarbamoyl, carboxyethylcarbamoyl,
carboxypropylcarbamoyl, carboxybutylcarbamoyl,
carboxypentylcarbamoyl, carboxyhexylcarbamoyl) and
tri(lower)alkylsilyl(lower)alkyloxycarbonyl(lower)alkylcarbamoyl
(e.g., trimethylsilylmethoxycarbonylethylcarbamoyl,
trimethylsilylethoxycarbonylpropylcarbamoyl,
triethylsilylethoxycarbonylpropylcarbamoyl, tert-butyl
dimethylsilylethoxycarbonylpropylcarbamoyl,
trimethylsilylpropoxycarbonylbutylcarbamoyl); and the like.
[0065] Aromatic acyl is exemplified by aroyl optionally having one
or more suitable substituent(s) (e.g., nitro), such as benzoyl,
toluoyl, xyloyl, naphthoyl, nitrobenzoyl, dinitrobenzoyl,
nitronaphthoyl and the like; and arenesulfonyl optionally having
one or more suitable substituent(s) (e.g., halogen), such as
benzenesulfonyl, toluenesulfonyl, xylenesulfonyl,
naphthalenesulfonyl, fluorobenzenesulfonyl, chlorobenzenesulfonyl,
bromobenzenesulfonyl, iodobenzenesulfonyl and the like.
[0066] The aliphatic acyl substituted by aromatic group may be, for
example, ar(lower)alkanoyl optionally having one or more suitable
substituent(s) (e.g., lower alkyloxy or trihalo(lower)alkyl and the
like), wherein specific examples are phenylacetyl, phenylpropionyl,
phenylbutyryl, 2-trifluoromethyl-2-methoxy-2-phenylacetyl,
2-ethyl-2-trifluoromethyl-2-phenylacetyl,
2-trifluoromethyl-2-propoxy-2-phenylacetyl and the like.
[0067] Of the above-mentioned acyl, more preferable acyl includes
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkanoyl optionally having carboxy,
cyclo(C.sub.5-C.sub.6)alkyloxy (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkanoyl having two
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl in the cycloalkyl moiety, camphorsulfonyl,
carboxy (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylcarbamoyl,
tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylsilyl (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyloxycarbonyl
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylcarbamoyl, benzoyl optionally having one or
two nitro groups, and benzenesulfonyl having halogen,
phenyl(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkanoyl having C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyloxy and
trihalo(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl. Of these, most preferred are acetyl,
carboxypropionyl, mentyloxyacetyl, camphorsulfonyl, benzoyl,
nitrobenzoyl, dinitrobenzoyl, iodobenzenesulfonyl,
2-trifluoromethyl-2-methoxy-2-phenylacetyl and the like.
[0068] Preferable examples of the "heterocyclic group consisting of
saturated or unsaturated 5 or 6-membered ring having nitrogen atom,
sulfur atom and/or oxygen atom" are pyrrolyl, tetrahydrofuryl and
the like.
[0069] The "heteroaryl optionally having a suitable substituent"
moiety of the "heteroaryloxy optionally having a suitable
substituent" is that exemplified for R.sup.1 of the compound of the
formula I of EP-A-532,088, with preference given to
1-hydroxyethylindol-5-yl. The disclosure is incorporated herein by
reference.
[0070] The tricyclo compound (I) used in the present invention is
described in the publications EP-A-184162, EP-A-323042,
EP-A-423714, EP-A-427680, EP-A-465426, EP-A-480623, EP-A-532088,
EP-A-532089, EP-A-569337, EP-A-626385, WO89/05303, WO93/05058,
WO96/31514, WO91/13889, WO91/19495, WO93/5059 and the like. The
disclosures of these publications are incorporated herein by
reference.
[0071] In particular, the compounds called FR900506 (=FK506),
FR900520 (Ascomycin), FR900523 and FR900525 are produced by the
genus Streptomyces, such as Streptomyces tsukubaensis, No. 9993
(depository: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology, International Patent Organism Depositary, Central 6,
1-1, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan (formerly:
Fermentation Research Institute, Agency of Industrial Science and
Technology, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry), date
of deposit: Oct. 5, 1984, deposit number: FERM BP-927) or
Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Yakushimaensis, No. 7238
(depository: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology, International Patent Organism Depositary, Central 6,
1-1, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan (formerly:
National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology Agency of
Industrial Science and Technology, the Ministry of International
Trade and Industry), date of deposit: Jan. 12, 1985, deposit
number: FERM BP-928 (EP-A-0184162)), and the compound of the
following formula, FK506 (general name: Tacrolimus) is a
representative compound. ##STR3## [0072] Chemical name:
17-allyl-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)-1-met-
hylvinyl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricycl-
o[22.3.1.0.sup.4,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetraone
[0073] Of the tricyclo compounds (I), more preferred is a compound
wherein adjacent pairs of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 and
R.sup.6 each independently form another bond optionally between
carbon atoms binding with the members of said pairs;
[0074] R.sup.8 and R.sup.23 each independently show hydrogen
atom;
[0075] R.sup.9 is hydroxy;
[0076] R.sup.10 is methyl, ethyl, propyl or allyl;
[0077] X is (hydrogen atom, hydrogen atom) or oxo;
[0078] Y is oxo;
[0079] R.sup.14, R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.17, R.sup.18, R.sup.19
and R.sup.22 each independently show methyl;
[0080] R.sup.24 is 3-R.sup.20-4-R.sup.21-cyclohexyl, [0081] wherein
R.sup.20 is hydroxy, alkyloxy or
--OCH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3, and R.sup.21 is hydroxy,
--OCN, alkyloxy, heteroaryloxy optionally having suitable
substituent, --OCH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3, protected
hydroxy, chloro, bromo, iodo, aminooxalyloxy, azide,
p-tolyloxythiocarbonyloxy [0082] or R.sup.25R.sup.26CHCOO--
(wherein R.sup.25 is optionally protected hydroxy as desired, or
protected amino, and R.sup.26 is hydrogen atom or methyl), or
R.sup.20 and R.sup.21 in combination form an oxygen atom of epoxide
ring; and
[0083] n is 1 or 2.
[0084] Particularly preferable tricyclo compounds (I) include,
besides FK506, Ascomycin derivatives such as halogenated derivative
of 33-epi-chloro-33-desoxy Ascomycin described in Example 66a of
EP-A-427,680 and the like.
[0085] Other preferable IL-2 inhibitor (macrolide compound) include
Rapamycin described in MERCK INDEX, 12 edition, No. 8288 and
derivatives thereof. Preferable examples thereof include
O-substituted derivative described at page 1 of WO95/16691, formula
A, wherein the 40.sup.th hydroxy is --OR.sub.1 (wherein R.sub.1 is
hydroxyalkyl, hydroalkyloxyalkyl, acylaminoalkyl and aminoalkyl),
such as 40-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl Rapamycin, 40-O-(3-hydroxy)propyl
Rapamycin, 40-O-[2-(2-hydroxy)ethoxy]ethyl Rapamycin and
40-O-(2-acetaminoethyl)-Rapamycin. These O-substituted derivatives
can be produced by reacting, under appropriate conditions,
Rapamycin (or dihydro or deoxo Rapamycin) and an organic radical
bound with leaving group (e.g., RX wherein R is an organic radical
desirable as O-substituent, such as alkyl, allyl and benzyl moiety,
and X is a leaving group such as CCl.sub.3C(NH)O and
CF.sub.3SO.sub.3)). The conditions may be: when X is
CCl.sub.3C(NH)O, acidic or neutral conditions, such as in the
presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid,
p-toluenesulfonic acid or their corresponding pyridinium or
substituted pyridinium salt, and when X is CF.sub.3SO.sub.3, in the
presence of a base such as pyridine, substituted pyridine,
diisopropylethylamine and pentamethylpiperidine. The most
preferable Rapamycin derivative is 40-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl Rapamycin
as disclosed in WO94/09010, which is hereby incorporated into the
specification by reference.
[0086] The pharmaceutically acceptable salt of tricyclo compound
(I), Rapamycin and derivatives thereof are nontoxic and
pharmaceutically acceptable conventional salts, which are
exemplified by salts with inorganic or organic base such as alkali
metal salt (e.g., sodium salt, potassium salt and the like),
alkaline earth metal salt (e.g., calcium salt, magnesium salt and
the like), ammonium salt, and amine salt (e.g., triethylamine salt,
N-benzyl-N-methylamine salt and the like).
[0087] In the IL-2 inhibitor of the present invention, particularly
macrolide compound, conformer or one or more pairs of
stereoisomers, such as optical isomers and geometric isomers due to
asymmetric carbon atom and double bond may be present. Such
conformers and isomers are also encompassed in the present
invention. In addition, macrolide compounds can form solvates,
which case is also encompassed in the present invention. Preferable
solvate is exemplified by hydrates and ethanolates.
[0088] Other IL-2 inhibitors are known from MERCK INDEX, 12.sup.th
ed., No. 2821, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,117,118, 4,215,199, 4,288,431,
4,388,307, Helv. Chim. Acta, 60, 1568 (1977) and 65, 1655 (1982)
and Transplant. Proc. 17, 1362 (1985) and the like. Specifically,
they are cyclosporins such as cyclosporin A, B, C, D, E, F and G
and derivatives thereof. Particularly preferred is cyclosporin A.
The disclosures of these publications are incorporated into the
specification by reference.
[0089] The tricyclo compound (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, cyclosporins and derivatives thereof can be classified as
"IL-2 production inhibitor" that inhibits production of IL-2.
Rapamycin and derivative thereof can be classified as "IL-2 signal
transduction inhibitor" that inhibit transmission of IL-2
signal.
[0090] The tricyclo compound (I) and its pharmaceutically
acceptable salt are nontoxic and pharmaceutically acceptable
conventional salts, which are exemplified by salts with inorganic
or organic base such as alkali metal salt (e.g., sodium salt,
potassium salt and the like), alkaline earth metal salt (e.g.,
calcium salt, magnesium salt and the like), ammonium salt, and
amine salt (e.g., triethylamine salt, N-benzyl-N-methylamine salt
and the like).
[0091] In the tricyclo compound of the present invention,
conformers or one or more pairs of stereoisomers such as optical
isomers and geometric isomers due to asymmetric carbon atom and
double bond may be present. Such conformers and isomers are also
encompassed in the present invention. In addition, the tricyclo
compound can form solvates, which case is also encompassed in the
present invention. Examples of preferable solvates include hydrates
and ethanolates.
[0092] The present antimicrobial agents are not particularly
limited, unless they adversely affect the IL-2 inhibitor's
inhibitory activity, and preference is given to those antimicrobial
agents having no IL-2 inhibitory action. Further preference is
given to those antimicrobial agents having a different structure
from the macrolide compound (especially the one as shown by the
formula (I)) and cyclosporins. Preferred examples of such
antimicrobial agents are as follows: penicillins (e.g.,
benzylpenicillin, methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin,
hetacillin, carbenicillin, sulbenicillin, bacampicillin,
amoxicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin and aspoxicillin);
cephalosporins (e.g., cephalothin, cefazolin, cefotiam, cefotaxime,
cefoperazone, ceftizoxime, cefmenoxime, cefpiramide, ceftazidime,
cefodizime, cefpiome, cefepime, cefozopran, cefsulodin and
cefoselis); cephamycins (e.g., cefoxitin, cefmetazole and
cefminox); oxacephems (e.g., latamoxef and flomoxef); monobactams
(e.g., aztreonam); carbapenems (e.g., meropenem); penems (e.g.,
faropenem); aminoglycosides (e.g., amikacin, tobramycin, dibekacin,
arbekacin, gentamicin and isepamicin); lincomycins (e.g.,
lincomycin and clindamycin); tetracyclines (e.g., oxytetracycline,
doxycycline and minocycline); chloramphenicols (e.g.,
chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol); quinolones (nalidixic acid,
pipemidic acid, piromidic acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin,
levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin,
fleroxacin, sparfloxacin, enrofloxacin and enoxacin); and
glycopeptides (e.g., vancomycin and teicoplanin). Preference is
given to quinolone antimicrobial agent, with special preference
given to ofloxacin. A single or a combination of two or more
antimicrobial agents may be used.
[0093] The term "treatment" used herein includes any means of
control such as prevention, care, relief of the condition,
attenuation of the condition and arrest of progression.
[0094] The present composition is topically administered to such
location as eye, skin, air duct, nasal cavity, labial, pubis and
pudenda.
[0095] In the case of administering a formulation, the formulation
manufactured by conventional methods may be administered, which
includes all the formulations for topical ocular administration
used in the field of ophthalmology (e.g., eye drops and eye
ointment) and all the formulations for external use in the fields
of dermatology and otolaryngology (e.g., ointment, cream, lotion
and spray).
[0096] The eye drops are prepared by dissolving the active
ingredient in a sterile aqueous solution such as physiological
saline, buffering solution, etc., or by combining powder
compositions to be dissolved before use. Eye drops such as the ones
as described in EP-A-0406791 are preferred. If desired, additives
ordinarily used in the eye drops can be added. Such additives
include isotonizing agents (e.g., sodium chloride, etc.), buffer
agent (e.g., boric acid, sodium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium
dihydrogen phosphate, etc.), preservatives (e.g., benzalkonium
chloride, benzethonium chloride, chlorobutanol, etc.), thickeners
(e.g., saccharide such as lactose, mannitol, maltose, etc.; e.g.,
hyaluronic acid or its salt such as sodium hyaluronate, potassium
hyaluronate, etc.; e.g., mucopolysaccharide such as chondroitin
sulfate, etc.; e.g., sodium polyacrylate, carboxyvinyl polymer,
crosslinked polyacrylate, etc.). The disclosure of the above
publication is incorporated herein by reference.
[0097] The ointment (including eye ointment) is prepared by mixing
the active ingredient with the base. The formulation can be
prepared according to the ordinary method. For example, mixing the
active ingredient into the base ordinarily used for the ointment
and formulating it according to ordinary methods can sterilely
prepare the ointment. Examples of the base for the ointment include
petrolatum, selen 50, Plastibase, macrogol, etc., but not limited
thereto. Further, in order to increase the hydrophilicity, a
surface-active agent can be added. Regarding the ointment, the
above-mentioned additives such as the preservatives, etc. can be
combined, if necessary.
[0098] The present composition can be formulated as a sterile unit
dose type containing no preservatives.
[0099] The amount of administration and the number of
administration of the active ingredient used in the present
invention vary according to sex, age and body weight of patient,
symptoms to be treated, desirable therapeutic effects,
administration routes and period of treatment. Ordinarily, in the
case of using as eye drops for an adult, the formulations
containing IL-2 inhibitor of 0.0001-10.0 W/V %, preferably
0.005-5.0 W/V % and the antimicrobial agent of 0.0001-50.0 W/V %,
preferably 0.005-10.0 W/V % may be administered several times a day
per eye, preferably one to six times, more preferably one to four
times, several drops per time, preferably one to four drops. In
using for ointment, cream, lotion or spray, the formulations
containing IL-2 inhibitor of 0.0001-10.0 W/V %, preferably
0.005-5.0 W/V % and the antimicrobial agent of 0.0001-50.0 W/V %,
preferably 0.005-10.0 W/V % may be applied or sprayed several times
a day, preferably one to six times, more preferably one to four
times. The compounding ratio of each ingredient may be suitably
increased or decreased based on the degree of inflammations or
infections.
[0100] In the present invention, the formulation can include a
single IL-2 inhibitor and antimicrobial agent as active ingredients
thereof or a combination of two or more of these agents. In a
combination of plural active ingredients, their respective contents
may be suitably increased or decreased in consideration of their
effects and safety.
[0101] When an IL-2 inhibitor and an antimicrobial agent are
separately formed into pharmaceutical preparations and topically
administered simultaneously according to the present invention, the
dose of the active ingredient and administration frequency can be
appropriately determined in consideration of sex, age and body
weight of patient, symptoms to be treated, desirable therapeutic
effects, administration routes and period of treatment.
[0102] The present formulation can further include other
pharmacological active ingredients as far as they do not contradict
the purpose of the present invention.
[0103] The inflammations and/or infections in the present invention
are not particularly limited, as far as they are the diseases
topically treated at eye, skin, air duct, nasal cavity, labial,
pubis, pudenda, etc. Examples of such diseases are as follows:
infections caused by microorganism such as bacteria (e.g.,
Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus,
gonococcus and Syphilis) and fungi (trichophyton, Malassezia and
Candida); diseases generically called dermatitis such as allergic
dermatitis (e.g., atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis) and
dermatitis seborrheica; diseases accompanying ocular inflammations
such as uveitis, conjunctivitis, cyclitis, scleritis, episcleritis,
optic neuritis, retrobulbar optic neuritis, keratitis, blepharitis,
corneal ulcer and conjunctival ulcer; diseases generically called
rhinitis such as allergic rhinitis and vasomoter rhinitis; diseases
accompanying air duct inflammations such as bronchial asthma,
infantile asthma, acute bronchitis and chronic bronchitis. The
present invention also includes inflammations and/or infections at
locations undergoing ophthalmic operations (e.g., operation for
cataract) or surgical operations.
[0104] The present invention enables to inhibit inflammations
and/or infections by topically treating with a combination of
interleukin 2 inhibitor and antimicrobial agent without adversely
affecting main effects of each ingredient. The present invention
also enables to reduce the dosage of active ingredients, as
compared with a single use of each ingredient, and to obtain strong
anti-inflammatory and/or antimicrobiral activities with a small
dosage, thus providing a drug with reduced side effects.
Accordingly, the present composition may be effectively and safely
administered for the treatment of infections and their accompanying
inflammations or infections of a subject showing the excessive
immuno-inflammatory reaction following phylaxis. Further, the
present composition may be effectively and safely administered for
the treatment of inflammations of a subject showing signs of
infections or spreading infections due to the immunosuppressant
effect caused by IL-2 inhibitor or some causes (injuries or
operation) other than IL-2 inhibitor.
[0105] The present invention will be described in more detail with
reference to the following examples, which are not intended to
limit the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1
[0106] A pharmaceutical composition for topical treatment of the
present invention was prepared. TABLE-US-00001 EXAMPLE 1 FK-506 0.3
mg 0.03% ofloxacin 3 mg 0.3% Benzalkonium Chloride 0.1 mg 0.01%
Sodium Chloride 8.56 mg 0.856% Disodium hydrogen phosphate 0.05 mg
0.005% Sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.76 mg 0.076% Phosphoric acid
and/or q.s. for pH adjustment to 5.0 .+-. 0.5 Sodium Hydroxide
Purified Water q.s. to 1 mL q.s. to 100%
TEST EXAMPLE 1
Anti-Microbial Test
[0107] Single colony isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IID-1210
(provided by Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University
School of Medicine, Japan) on NAC agar plate was inoculated in 2 mL
of heart infusion broth, and kept for overnight at 37.degree. C.
One hundred microliters of the overnight culture was inoculated in
10 mL of heart infusion broth, and then grown for about 12 hours at
37.degree. C. with shaking.
[0108] Twelve Japanese white rabbits (13 weeks old, Std: JW/CSK,
Japan SLC, Inc.) were anesthetized by intravenous injection of
pentobarbital sodium (25 mg/kg), and then topical anesthesia was
made by instillation of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride to both
eyes. The corneal wound was produced bilaterally using a 6-mm
trephine and 27-gauge needle according to the method described by
Hatano H et al. (Japanese Review of Clinical Ophthalmology 79:
1153, 1985). Forty microliters of the bacterial suspension prepared
above was instilled onto the wounded cornea twice (Day 1, 21:00).
After bacterial inoculation, the rabbits were divided into 4 groups
(three rabbits-six eyes/group). Fifty microliters of each test
substance or vehicle was topically applied to both eyes of each
animal once 12 hours after bacterial inoculation (Day 2, 9:00).
[0109] As test substances, 0.06% FK-506 (group 2), 0.03% ofloxacin
(group 3), a mixture containing 0.06% FK-506 and 0.03% ofloxacin
(group 4) and a vehicle (group 1) were used.
[0110] Four hours after administration of test substances, the
animals were sacrificed with an intravenous overdose of
pentobarbital sodium, eyes were enucleated, and then corneas were
excised using a 6-mm trephine. After weighing, each cornea was
homogenized in 1 mL of sterile physiological saline. Aliquot (0.1
mL) of each homogenate was plated on NAC agar, and incubated for 24
hours at 37.degree. C. The colonies were then counted. All
quantitative cultures were run in triplicate, and the arithmetic
mean of three measurements was determined for each cornea. Results
were expressed as the number of organisms (determined by measures
of colony forming units [CFU]) per gram of corneal weight.
[0111] Table 1 shows the colony forming units of each group.
Treatment with 0.06% FK-506 decreased the viable Pseudomonas counts
as compared with vehicle treatment, but not significantly.
Treatment with 0.3% ofloxacin eradicated the bacteria. Treatment
with mixture containing 0.06% FK-506 and 0.3% ofloxacin also
eradicated the bacteria. The results indicated that FK-506 had no
effect on the inhibition of infection by ofloxacin.
[0112] It has been also clarified that a combined use with an
antimicrobial agent, such as ofloxacin, obviates the risk of
bacterial infection associated with single administration of an
IL-2 inhibitor having an immunosuppressive action, such as FK-506.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Colony forming units Number of per gram of
cornea Group Treatment eyes Mean .+-. SE 1. Vehicle (Control) 6
43382 .+-. 16081 2. 0.06% FK-506 6 31225 .+-. 7204 3. 0.3%
ofloxacin 6 0.sup.a),b) 4. 0.06% FK-506 6 0.sup.a),b) 0.3%
ofloxacin .sup.a)p < 0.05 Significantly different from group 1
(Tukey test) .sup.b)p < 0.01 Significantly different from group
2 (Tukey test)
TEST EXAMPLE 2
Anti-Inflammatory Test
[0113] Experimental Pseudomonas keratitis was induced for 12
Japanese white rabbits (13 weeks old, Std: JW/CSK) as described in
Test Experiment 1. After bacterial inoculation, the rabbits were
divided into 4 groups (three rabbits-six eyes/group). Fifty
microliters of each test substance or vehicle was topically applied
to both eyes of each animal 4 times a day at intervals of 4 hours
beginning 12 hours after the bacterial inoculation. The test
substance and vehicle were the same as those used in Test Example
1.
[0114] Rabbit eyes were examined with a slit lamp biomicroscope,
and severity of conjunctival inflammation at 48 hours after
bacterial inoculation and corneal inflammation at 60 hours after
bacterial inoculation were evaluated by assigning a numerical value
to the following signs based on the method described by Kuriyama H
et al. Corneal inflammation was evaluated by sums of the scores of
corneal opacity (score 0-8) and corneal ulcer (score 0-3).
Conjunctival inflammation was evaluated by sums of the scores of
redness of palpebral conjunctival inflammation (score 0-4), edema
of palpebral conjunctiva (score 0-4), nictitating membrane status
(score 0-3) and discharge (score 0-3).
[0115] As shown in Table 2, the treatment with 0.06% FK-506 or 0.3%
ofloxacin tended to decrease the conjunctival inflammation.
Treatment with the mixture containing 0.06% FK-506 and 0.3%
ofloxacin decreased significantly the conjunctival inflammation as
compared with vehicle treatment. TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Number
Score (conjunctiva) Group Treatment of eyes Mean .+-. SE 1. Vehicle
6 7.3 .+-. 0.6 (Control) 2. 0.06% FK-506 6 6.7 .+-. 0.4 3. 0.3%
ofloxacin 6 6.0 .+-. 0.5 4. 0.06% FK-506 0.3% ofloxacin 6 5.5 .+-.
0.3.sup.a) .sup.a)p < 0.05 Significantly different from group 1
(Tukey test)
[0116] As shown in Table 3, treatments with 0.06% FK-506 tended to
decrease the corneal inflammation. Treatment with 0.3% ofloxacin or
the mixture containing 0.06% FK-506 and 0.3% ofloxacin decreased
significantly the corneal inflammation as compared with vehicle
treatment. The mixture containing 0.06% FK-506 and 0.3% ofloxacin
decreased significantly the corneal inflammation as compared with
0.06% FK-506 treatment. TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 Number Score
(cornea) Group Treatment of eyes Mean .+-. SE 1. Vehicle 6 7.3 .+-.
1.0 (Control) 2. 0.06% FK-506 6 6.0 .+-. 0.0 3. 0.3% ofloxacin 6
2.1 .+-. 0.4.sup.a) 4. 0.06% FK-506 0.3% ofloxacin 6 1.6 .+-.
0.3.sup.a),b) .sup.a)p < 0.01 Significantly different from group
1 (Tukey test) .sup.b)p < 0.05 Significantly different from
group 2 (Tukey test)
[0117] The above results indicated that topical treatment with a
combination of FK-506 and ofloxacin inhibited inflammation and/or
infection without adversely affecting main effects of each
ingredient. The results further indicate that FK-506 and ofloxacin
showed an addictive effect and/or synergistic effect on
inflammation when used in combination.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0118] A composition for topical administration comprising an
interleukin 2 inhibitor and an antimicrobial agent as active lo
ingredients shows an antiinflammatory effect while suppressing side
effects, such as infectious diseases and the like. The composition
for topical administration of the present invention affords
prevention or treatment of infectious diseases,
therewith-associated inflammation or infectious diseases
accompanying excessive immunoinflammatory response due to phylaxis,
while suppressing inflammation. Therefore, the composition for
topical administration of the present invention is useful for the
treatment of inflammation and/or infectious diseases.
[0119] This application is based on application No. 60/303,148
filed in United States of America, the content of which is
incorporated hereinto by reference.
* * * * *