U.S. patent application number 11/055387 was filed with the patent office on 2006-02-09 for firearms projectile having jacket runner.
This patent application is currently assigned to Hober Holding Company. Invention is credited to William D. Hober.
Application Number | 20060027128 11/055387 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35756153 |
Filed Date | 2006-02-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060027128 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hober; William D. |
February 9, 2006 |
Firearms projectile having jacket runner
Abstract
A projectile for small munitions is provided having a bullet
with an integral jacket runner formed from a resilient,
shape-retaining material. The projectile comprises a bullet having
a tapered front section, a cylindrical middle section and a tapered
end section. The middle section includes a recessed retaining
portion over which the resilient jacket runner is securely
positioned or formed. The maximum diameter of the bullet is less
than the primary bore diameter of the firearm barrel, and the outer
diameter of the jacket runner when positioned around the bullet, is
slightly greater than the primary bore diameter, whereby rifling in
the barrel scores the jacket runner and not the bullet, and imparts
spin to the jacket runner during firing and hence to the bullet
which is integral therewith, achieving enhanced gas checking
efficiency, accuracy and velocity. The integral jacket runner
remains on the bullet after firing and downrange to its ultimate
destination. High speed production of this projectile can be
achieved due to the resiliency or elastic memory of the jacket
runner.
Inventors: |
Hober; William D.; (Easton,
CT) |
Correspondence
Address: |
HOVEY WILLIAMS LLP
2405 GRAND BLVD., SUITE 400
KANSAS CITY
MO
64108
US
|
Assignee: |
Hober Holding Company
|
Family ID: |
35756153 |
Appl. No.: |
11/055387 |
Filed: |
February 10, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60543437 |
Feb 10, 2004 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
102/514 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B 14/06 20130101;
F42B 14/02 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
102/514 |
International
Class: |
F42B 10/00 20060101
F42B010/00 |
Claims
1. A small munitions projectile for a firearm having a barrel with
a primary bore of a certain diameter, the projectile comprising: a
bullet having a longitudinal axis and a maximum diameter, the
bullet comprising a tapered front section, a cylindrical middle
section having a certain diameter and an axial length, and an end
section, the middle section having opposed top and bottom portions
and a cylindrical recessed receiving portion intermediate the top
and bottom portions, the recessed receiving portion having a
diameter less than the middle section diameter, and an elongated
ring-shaped jacket runner formed from a resilient, shape-retaining
material, the jacket runner securely positioned co-axially around
the bullet adjacent the recessed receiving portion, the jacket
runner having an inner diameter slightly less than or equal to the
recessed receiving portion diameter, and an outer diameter greater
than the diameter of the middle section, and wherein the maximum
diameter of the bullet is less than the primary bore diameter of
the firearm, and the outer diameter of the jacket runner is greater
than the primary bore diameter of the firearm.
2. The projectile as set forth in claim 1, wherein the recessed
receiving portion has a leading edge and a trailing edge, further
comprising a first shoulder connecting the leading edge to the top
portion of the middle section, and a second shoulder connecting the
trailing edge to the bottom portion of the middle section.
3. The projectile as set forth in claim 2, wherein the first and
second shoulders extend at an angle of from about 80.degree. to
about 100.degree. with respect to the longitudinal axis of the
bullet.
4. The projectile as set forth in claim 1, wherein the recessed
receiving portion extends along approximately 50-95% of the axial
length of the middle section of the bullet.
5. The projectile as set forth in claim 1, wherein the jacket
runner extends along approximately 50-95% of the axial length of
the middle section of the bullet.
6. The projectile as set forth in claim 1, wherein the jacket
runner comprises a single piece.
7. The projectile as set forth in claim 1, wherein the jacket
runner material has an elastic memory.
8. The projectile as set forth in claim 7, wherein the jacket
runner material is a synthetic material.
9. The projectile as set forth in claim 8, wherein the material
comprises polyethylene.
10. The projectile as set forth in claim 1, wherein the end section
is tapered.
11. The projectile as set forth in claim 1, wherein the end section
includes a rear surface.
12. The projectile as set forth in claim 1 1, wherein the rear
surface is essentially flat.
13. The projectile as set forth in claim 11, wherein the rear
surface is essentially conical in cross-section.
14. The projectile as set forth in claim 1, wherein the tapered
front section further includes a tip secured thereon.
15. The projectile as set forth in claim 1, wherein the jacket
runner is adapted to remain on the bullet subsequent to firing of
the firearm and on downrange to its final destination.
16. A process for making a small munitions projectile including a
bullet having a longitudinal axis, a front section, a middle
section having an axial length and including a top portion and a
bottom portion, and an end section, the bullet including a maximum
diameter, and a jacket runner positioned therearound intermediate
the top portion and the bottom portion, said process comprising:
forming a bullet having a cylindrical recessed receiving portion
intermediate the top portion and bottom portion of the middle
section, the recessed receiving portion having a diameter less than
the maximum diameter of the bullet; forming an elongated
ring-shaped jacket runner from a resilient, shape-retaining
material, the jacket having an outer diameter, and an inner
diameter less than or equal to the diameter of the recessed
receiving portion; stretching the jacket runner for passing over
the maximum diameter of the bullet; positioning the jacket runner
over the recessed receiving portion; allowing the jacket runner to
return essentially to its original size and shape, wherein the
outer diameter of the jacket runner is greater than the maximum
diameter of the bullet; and securing the jacket runner onto the
recessed receiving portion, wherein the jacket runner is adapted to
remain integral with the bullet even subsequent to firing it from a
firearm.
17. The process as set forth in claim 16, wherein forming the
bullet includes forming the recessed receiving portion with a
leading edge and a trailing edge, said bullet forming step further
comprising forming a first shoulder connecting the leading edge to
the top portion of the middle section, and forming a second
shoulder connecting the trailing edge to the bottom portion of the
middle section.
18. The process as set forth in claim 17, further comprising
forming the first and second shoulders each at an angle of from
about 80.degree. to about 100.degree. with respect to the
longitudinal axis of the bullet.
19. The process as set forth in claim 16, wherein the recessed
receiving portion is formed to extend along approximately 50 to
about 95% of the axial length of the middle section of the
bullet.
20. The process as set forth in claim 16, wherein the jacket runner
is formed to extend along approximately 50 to about 95% of the
axial length of the middle section of the bullet.
21. A process for making a small munitions projectile including a
bullet having a longitudinal axis, a front section, a middle
section including a top portion and a bottom portion, and an end
section, the bullet including a maximum diameter, and a jacket
runner positioned therearound, said process comprising: forming a
bullet having a cylindrical recessed receiving portion intermediate
the top portion and bottom portion of the middle section, the
recessed receiving portion having a diameter less than the maximum
diameter of the bullet; forming an elongated ring-shaped jacket
runner around the recessed receiving portion, the jacket runner
formed from a resilient, shape-retaining synthetic material, and
having an outer diameter, and an inner diameter less than or equal
to the diameter of the recessed receiving portion; and securing the
jacket runner onto the recessed receiving portion, wherein the
jacket runner is adapted to remain integral with the bullet even
subsequent to firing it from a firearm.
22. The process as set forth in claim 21, wherein the recessed
receiving portion includes a leading edge and a trailing edge, said
bullet forming step further comprising forming a first shoulder
connecting the leading edge to the top portion of the middle
section, and forming a second shoulder connecting the trailing edge
to the bottom portion of the middle section.
23. The process as set forth in claim 22, further comprising
forming the first and second shoulders each at an angle of from
about 80.degree. to about 100.degree. with respect to the
longitudinal axis of the projectile.
24. The process as set forth in claim 21, wherein the recessed
receiving portion is formed to extend along approximately 50 to
about 95% of the axial length of the middle section of the
bullet.
25. The process as set forth in claim 21, wherein the jacket runner
is formed to extend along approximately 50 to about 95% of the
axial length of the middle section of the bullet.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of the provisional
application entitled FIREARMS PROJECTILE HAVING DRIVING BAND, Ser.
No. 60/543,437, filed Feb. 10, 2004. This application is
incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates in general to small firearms
projectiles, and, more particularly, small munitions projectiles
having bullets with integral jacket runners.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] Conventional muzzle loader bullets began with the use of a
lead ball projectile, utilizing a wet cloth patch to provide the
gas checking element within the barrel. This evolved into conical
shaped projectile designs made of various metal configurations,
utilizing wrapper or sabot devices surrounding the bullet to
provide gas checking. These various sabot designs engage the bore
in the depth of the lands, allowing undersized bullets to be used
within the sabot cavity, wherein these undersized bullets have no
or limited contact with the riflings or bore of the firearm
barrel.
[0006] Conventional projectiles utilizing sabot configurations
typically have included two distinct parts, the first being the
bullet, and the second being the sabot which was designed to
separate from the bullet subsequent to firing. As the first sabots
completely surrounded the bullet and thus were located between the
bullet and the bore/lands, it was believed that they
disadvantageously interfered with the accuracy of the fired bullet.
In addition, sabots were designed to detach from the bullet
immediately upon firing and can cause bullet deflection and thereby
impede the velocity and accuracy of the fired bullet.
[0007] As the bullets and associated sabots were improved, sabots
such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,458,064 and 5,621,187,
both issued to Robert Kearns, were used. This abbreviated sabot was
essentially a gas check device attached to, and extending from, the
base of the bullet. Again, the gas check device was designed for
use with an undersized bullet, the device having a diameter greater
than the bore diameter. In this manner, the gas check device
contacted the riflings or bore of the barrel, while the metal
projectile disclosed had limited contact with the bore and lands of
the firearm barrel. Again, it was emphasized in those patents that
the gas check device was designed to detach from the bullet upon
firing of the firearm.
[0008] When the sabots of these prior projectiles detach from the
bullet subsequent to firing, they actually cause deflection of the
bullet and negatively affect the downrange accuracy, and rotational
stability of the projectile can be compromised. Accordingly, there
is a need for a projectile incorporating a device which is integral
with the bullet, thereby remaining on the bullet subsequent to
firing and in flight as the bullet arrives at its target. Further,
there is a need for a projectile incorporating a jacket runner
which is formed as one piece from a resilient, shape-retaining
material, so that it can be securely retained around the bullet,
and also can be manufactured in a high speed, cost effective
process.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] Accordingly, the small munitions firearm projectile of the
present invention comprises a bullet having a longitudinal axis and
a maximum diameter, the bullet comprising a tapered front section,
a cylindrical middle section having a certain diameter, and an end
section. The middle section has opposed top and bottom portions,
and a cylindrical recessed receiving portion intermediate the top
and bottom portions, the recessed receiving portion having a
diameter less than the middle section diameter. The projectile
further comprises an integral elongated ring-shaped jacket runner
formed from a resilient, shape-retaining material, the jacket
runner securely positioned co-axially around the bullet adjacent
the recessed receiving portion. The jacket runner has an inner
diameter slightly less than or equal to the recessed receiving
portion diameter, and an outer diameter slightly greater than or
equal to the diameter of the middle section when the jacket runner
is positioned thereon. The maximum diameter of the bullet is less
than the primary bore diameter of the firearm barrel, and the outer
diameter of the jacket runner is greater than the primary bore
diameter.
[0010] In another embodiment, the recessed receiving portion has a
leading edge and a trailing edge, with a first shoulder formed to
connect the leading edge to the top portion of the middle section,
and a second shoulder formed to connect the trailing edge to the
bottom portion of the middle section. It is contemplated that the
first and second shoulders each extend at angle of from about 800
to about 1000 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bullet
for retaining the jacket runner on the bullet after firing.
[0011] In addition, a method of making a small munitions firearms
projectile comprising a bullet having an integral jacket runner is
provided. This method includes providing a bullet having a
longitudinal axis, a front section, a cylindrical middle or shank
section including a top portion and a bottom portion, and an end
section, and further having a maximum diameter; providing a
recessed cylindrical receiving portion intermediate the top portion
and bottom portion of the middle section and having a diameter less
than that of the remaining portions of the middle section;
providing an elongated, ring-shaped jacket runner formed from a
resilient, shape-retaining material, the jacket having an outer
diameter, and an inner diameter slightly less than or equal to the
diameter of the recessed receiving portion diameter; stretching the
jacket runner for passing over the maximum diameter of the bullet;
positioning the jacket runner over the recessed receiving portion;
allowing the jacket runner to return substantially to its original
size and shape, wherein the outer diameter of the jacket runner is
greater than the maximum diameter of the bullet; and securing the
jacket runner onto the recessed receiving portion, wherein the
jacket runner is adapted to remain integral with the bullet even
subsequent to firing it from a firearm.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING
[0012] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a projectile in accordance
with the present invention.
[0013] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the projectile of FIG. 1.
[0014] FIG. 3 is an enlarged side sectional view of the projectile
of FIG. 3.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 of
FIG. 3.
[0016] FIG. 5. is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view of
the projectile of the present invention positioned within the
barrel of a firearm having rifling.
[0017] FIG. 6 is a fragmentary side view of a projectile in
accordance with the present invention, positioned within a
centerfire or rimfire rifle cartridge.
[0018] FIG. 7 is a fragmentary side view of a projectile in
accordance with the present invention, positioned within a
centerfire or rimfire handgun cartridge.
[0019] FIG. 8 is a fragmentary side view of a projectile in
accordance with the present invention, positioned within a shotgun
hull.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0020] Turning now to the FIGS., and particularly to FIGS. 1-3, a
projectile 10 for small munitions is depicted, and includes a
bullet 12 and an integral jacket runner 14. Optionally, the
projectile can also include a tip 16 positioned on one end
thereof.
[0021] Bullet 12 includes a tapered front section 20, a cylindrical
middle section or shank 22, and a tapered end section 24. Section
20 includes opposed top 46 and bottom 48 ends, and intermediate
these opposed ends is a recessed receiving portion 26 for receiving
and retaining jacket runner 14 thereon. Both middle section 22 and
recessed receiving portion 26 are preferably circular in
cross-section. Recessed receiving portion 26 has opposed leading
and trailing edges 28 and 30; respectively. Leading edge 28 is
connected to top end 46 by first shoulder 32, and trailing edge 30
is connected to bottom end 48 by second shoulder 34. Shoulders 32,
34 can form any suitable size and angle with respect to the outer
diameter and longitudinal axis of bullet 12, and can function to
limit the forward and rearward movement of jacket runner 14, as
will be discussed in more detail below.
[0022] The opposed ends of bullet 12 include front surface 36 and
rear surface 38. Front surface 36 can optionally include tip 16
extending therefrom. Tip 16 can be secured to front surface 36 of
bullet 12 by any suitable means. In one embodiment, the means of
attachment includes a recess or inlet 40 extending inwardly
therefrom, and adapted to receive therein receiving end portion 42
of tip 16. Receiving end 42 can be secured within inlet 40 by means
of swaging, or the like. Alternatively, adhesive or other suitable
securing means can be utilized. Any suitable shape and size of tip
can be utilized, and is contemplated to be within the scope of the
present invention. Rear surface 38 can be flat or conical, or any
suitable shape. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, rear surface
38 is flat, and in FIG. 8, rear surface 338 is conical. Again, any
suitable configuration of the rear surface, including a flat
surface, a conical surface, or any other geometric configuration,
is contemplated to be within the scope of the invention.
[0023] Bullet 12 can be formed from any suitable material known in
the industry. These materials can include metals such as copper,
lead or any suitable hard metal, as well as known thermoplastic
materials.
[0024] Jacket runner 14 is an elongated ring-shaped band, as is
best seen in FIG. 2, and fits co-axially around recessed receiving
portion 26. Typically, jacket runner 14 is formed from a resilient,
shape-retaining material and has an inner diameter which is
slightly less than the outer diameter of recessed receiving portion
26. In this manner, runner 14 can be secured thereon by means of a
compression or tension fit, or a friction fit. Alternatively, any
other suitable securing means can be utilized, including adhesives
or the like, or by means of an injection molding process by which
jacket runner 14 is formed directly onto bullet 12. As discussed
above, jacket runner 14 is securely positioned on recessed
receiving portion 26 and thereby forms an integral part of bullet
12. In a preferred embodiment, jacket runner 14 extends along
essentially the entire axial length of recessed receiving portion
26. For example, if the axial length of recessed receiving portion
is 0.480'', the axial length of jacket runner 14 is about 0.470''.
Similarly, if the axial length of recessed receiving portion 22 is
0.350'', the axial length of jacket runner 14 is about 0.340''. It
is understood that these figures are provided for purposes of
illustration only, as they will vary according to the grain weight
or length of the specific bullet. Further, the axial length of
recessed receiving portion 26 and corresponding jacket runner 14 in
a preferred embodiment extend along a large portion of the axial
length of the middle section or shank 22 of bullet 12, and
preferably extends along about 50 to 95% ofthe axial length ofthe
middle section 22 thereof. This elongated runner 14 increases gas
checking efficiency, improving velocity and accuracy of the fired
projectile.
[0025] As best seen in FIG. 3, recessed receiving portion 26 is of
sufficient depth and runner 14 is of sufficient thickness so that
the outer diameter of jacket runner 14, when positioned around
bullet 12, is slightly greater than the maximum diameter of bullet
12, which maximum diameter is typically that of the outer diameter
of middle section 22. By varying the outer diameter of jacket
runner 14, the pressures and velocity of the fired projectile 10
can be varied, as explained below. The thickness of jacket runner
14 will vary according to the depth of recessed receiving portion
26, and to the caliber and bore dimensions of the firearm, and
should be sufficient to provide effective gas checking and
rotational stability as the bullet travels through the barrel. It
is important that the inner diameter, thickness, strength and
elasticity of jacket runner 14 are sufficient to allow runner 14 to
stretch over the largest diameter of the projectile, typically
middle section 22, without tearing, and to thereafter allow jacket
runner 14 to return to its original diameter and be retained
securely on bullet 12 within recessed receiving portion 26. The
thickness must also be sufficient to prevent runner 14 from rolling
up and over the first shoulder 32 or second shoulder 34 during
loading or firing of the projectile 10, or while the projectile is
traveling to its down range destination. This thickness also
provides strength and critical mass, preventing air from getting
under jacket runner 14 during flight of the projectile 10, which
could cause it to yaw or otherwise affect the accuracy thereof. As
an example, if the recessed portion of a 50 caliber muzzle loader
bullet is 0.019'' deep, jacket runner 14 can be approximately
0.023'' thick when positioned around the bullet 12. With this
specific size, jacket runner 14 will extend approximately 0.004''
from the outer surface of the maximum diameter of middle section
22. Likewise, if the recessed portion 26 is 0.0514'' deep, the
jacket runner 14 can be approximately 0.0585'' thick when
positioned around recessed receiving portion 26, extending
approximately 0.007'' from the outer surface of the maximum
diameter of middle section 22.
[0026] Jacket runner 14 is positioned intermediate leading edge 28
and trailing edge 30. First shoulder 32 limits the forward movement
of jacket runner 14, while second shoulder 34 limits the rearward
movement thereof. The angle of shoulders 32, 34 with respect to the
longitudinal axis of bullet 12 is thus preferably sufficient to
limit the forward and rearward movement of jacket runner 14 to
ensure that it is retained on the bullet 12 after firing from a
firearm. In a preferred embodiment, this angle is approximately
90.degree., although suitable angles ranging from approximately
80.degree. to 100.degree. are also within the scope of this
invention.
[0027] Jacket runner 14 can be constructed from any suitable
material, although it is preferably formed from a synthetic
material which has a number of important characteristics. This
synthetic material should be resilient and pliable, such as a
deformable polymer, plastic or the like, and must be strong enough
to withstand the high pressures created during discharge of the
firearm without rupturing. In addition, the material from which
jacket runner 14 is formed should have an elastic memory, i.e., the
material can be temporarily deformed, and then can substantially
recover its original shape and size after the deforming force has
been removed. Suitable materials also include those which are
sufficiently heat resistant and able to withstand the high flash
temperatures created during ignition or burning of the propellant
during discharge of the firearm, without melting, burning, or
otherwise deforming. Each of these characteristics will be dealt
with in more detail below.
[0028] First, the synthetic material should be sufficiently
malleable or pliable to temporarily deform under the pressure
created during firing of the projectile, so that the runner 14
spreads out and fills at least a portion of the depth of the lands
52 in the rifle, thereby capturing and delivering the maximum
possible propellant energy and ensuring efficient gas checking, and
also enhancing the rotational stability of projectile 10 as it
travels down the barrel. This malleability is further relevant in
the loading of the projectile 10 in a muzzle loader application, as
it allows projectile 10 to be loaded straight within the center of
the rifle bore, and also allows it to travel down the barrel
essentially centered in the bore thereof.
[0029] Second, the material of runner 14 must have a strength
sufficient to withstand the pressures generated from the ignition
of the powder charge, and to fill the lands 52 with a proper gas
check. These pressures can, for example, exceed approximately
30,000 psi in a muzzle loader application, and approximately 65,000
psi in a center fire rifle application. Its strength must further
be sufficient to keep the bullet 12 essentially centered within the
bore of the firearm as it travels down and departs the barrel.
Further, the runner material must be able to endure the rotational
projectile snap when fired, with the generation of over 200,000
rpm. The integrity of the runner's strength cannot permit it to
depart from the bullet 12, nor can it fray, tear or fragment into
pieces when initially fired, or when traveling down range to its
ultimate destination. The strength of synthetic jacket runner 14
can be measured in terms of tensile strength at yield, which is the
pulling stress, in psi, required to break a given specimen. Tensile
strength represents the resistance of runner 14 to tearing, even in
conjunction with the flash temperatures to which the projectile is
exposed during discharge of the firearm. Another measurement of the
strength or toughness of the material is the Izod impact test,
which is designed to determine the resistance of a plastics
material to a shock loading. This test involves the notching of a
specimen, which is then placed in the jaws of a machine and struck
with a weighted pendulum. Sufficient strength is required in the
selected material to impart to runner 14 the ability to remain with
bullet 12 subsequent to firing, without rupturing or tearing.
[0030] Third, the material selected for jacket runner 14 must have
an elastic memory. Specifically, the elastic memory must be
sufficient to return runner 14 substantially to its original
dimension subsequent to the stretching thereof over the greatest
diameter of bullet 12, and the ultimate positioning thereof onto
recessed receiving portion 26, if required during one of the
possible manufacturing processes. The tension or elasticity of this
material allows for high speed manufacturing of small caliber and
sizes of bullets in accordance with the present invention, which
high speed could not be achieved using metal, porcelain or other
non-elastic materials for runner 14, nor using items manufactured
from multiple pieces which would require alignment and installation
around the bullet. In addition, the elasticity of the material must
also cause jacket runner 14 to be retained in place on bullet 12
after firing as the projectile travels through the barrel and down
range to its ultimate destination. As discussed above, the inner
diameter of runner 14 is slightly less than the outer diameter of
recessed receiving portion 26, providing one means of securing
runner 14 onto bullet 12, namely compression or friction fit,
although other means of securing runner 14 onto bullet 12 are
contemplated. This fit between runner 14 and recessed receiving
portion 26 must be sufficiently tight to retain runner 14 in place
and eliminate any air from getting between runner 14 and bullet 12
during flight, which would negatively affect accuracy of the
projectile 10, as by yawing or the like. One measurement of the
elasticity or memory of the material is its elongation at yield,
which is the limit to which the material can be stretched and still
return to its original shape. Another measurement of this property
is the flexural strength of the material, which relates not only to
its memory, but also to its strength. This measurement determines
the degree to which the material can be bent before its outermost
fibers fail, and the material thereby takes on a different
dimension.
[0031] Next, the synthetic material selected for jacket runner 14
must be able to withstand flash temperatures of up to approximately
1500.degree. Fahrenheit without burning, melting or disintegrating.
The runner 14 is exposed to this flash temperature for only a
fraction of a second during firing of the firearm. It is understood
that this resistance to heat is a measure of temperature given a
specific parameter of time. Thus, materials which would melt if
exposed to this temperature for any extended period of time can
still be suitable for the runner 14 of this invention. One
measurement of the heat resistance of a material is its deflection
temperature, which is the temperature to which a material can be
exposed before it changes form or in some way becomes distorted. If
the deflection temperature is too low, jacket runner 14 could
possibly melt during the discharge of the firearm.
[0032] In addition, a preferred synthetic material selected for
jacket runner 14 should have a coefficient of friction which
satisfies the needs of a given projectile application. In a muzzle
loader application, where the bullet is loaded from the muzzle end
of the rifle and put into place in the chamber of the barrel, an
increase in the coefficient of friction makes the projectile 10
more difficult to load, but will result in higher pressures being
formed subsequent to firing, with projectile 10 thereby achieving
higher velocities. Conversely, a lower coefficient of friction of
the jacket runner material will make the projectile 10 easier to
load, but will result in the creation of lower pressures during
firing, and thus slower velocities of the projectile. As a result,
by varying the coefficient of friction of the material of jacket
runner 14, the pressure and resultant velocity of the projectile 10
can be controlled, allowing for finite adjustments of the
projectile performance. In one embodiment, the coefficient of
friction of the material can be varied by incorporating a slip
agent into the synthetic material used to form runner 14.
[0033] Any material suitable for use in the formation of jacket
runner 14 preferably employs most or all of the characteristics
discussed above. Typically, synthetic materials or plastics are the
most useful in accordance with the teachings of the present
invention. These can include any of a number of thermoplastic
resins, or combinations thereof, such as, without limitation,
cellulose acetate, nylon, polyester, low density polyethylene, high
density polyethylene, silicone, acetal, acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene, homopolymer polypropylene, copolymer polypropylene,
polycarbonate, and linear low density polyethylene. Additives can
be employed in combination with these materials as extenders or
modifiers, depending on the characteristics desired for any given
application. One example of such an additive is a slip agent which
can be used to modify the coefficient of friction of the runner
material by adding lubricity to the surface of the material.
Fillers can also be employed to improve physical properties,
particularly hardness, stiffness, and impact strength.
[0034] In one example in accordance with the present
invention,jacket runner 14 is formed from a thermoplastic material
such as high density polyethylene. When manufactured by an
injection molding process, the melt index of the material becomes
important, and is measured as the amount, in grams, of a
thermoplastic resin which can be forced through a 0.0825 inch
orifice when subjected to 2160 gms. force in 10 minutes at
190.degree. C. In this example, the high density polyethylene
forming the jacket runner 14 can have a flow rate of about 7 to 10
g/10 min., and a preferred flow rate is about 8 g/10 min. The
specific gravity of such a resin is the density, or weight per unit
volume, of the material divided by that of water at a standard
temperature, usually 4.degree. C. Since water's density is nearly
1.0 g/cc, density described in terms of g/cc and specific gravity
are numerically equal. In the present example, the density of this
polyethylene can range from about 0.953 to 0.960 g/cc., with 0.954
g/cc being a preferred specific density. As discussed above, the
strength of the runner material in accordance with the present
invention is important for retaining jacket runner 14 on bullet 12
during firing and down range to the target. The tensile strength of
the jacket runner material can, for example, be in the range of
about 3300 to 4800 psi, and in one embodiment is preferably about
4000 psi. According to the measurements achieved by the Izod impact
test, the strength of the high density polyethylene of the present
example can range from about 1.1 to 1.4 ft-lb/in., and is
preferably about 1.4 ft-lb/in. The elasticity of this particular
material, expressed as elongation at yield, is between about 750
and 950%, with the preferred elongation being about 800%. Further,
this high density polyethylene can have a flexural module of about
1.2 to 2.4.times.10E5 psi, and is preferably about 1.4.times.10E5
psi. Finally, the deflection temperature of the synthetic material
of runner 14 can be about 160 to 170.degree. F. @ 66 psi, and is
preferably about 160.degree.0 F. @ 66 psi. While this deflection
temperature may seem low in relation to the flash temperatures of
up to 1500.degree. F. reached during discharge, it is sufficient,
as the runner 14 is only exposed to this flash temperature for a
fraction of a second.
[0035] Of course, it is understood that these values and properties
listed above represent only one specific example of a high density
polyethylene material which is useful for forming the jacket runner
14 of the present invention, and is not intended to limit in any
manner the materials which are within the scope of the present
invention. Other suitable materials which can be useful in
accordance with the present invention, and indeed which are
contemplated as being within the scope of this invention, can
exhibit a wide variety of different property values, so long as the
material provides a jacket runner which is capable, among other
characteristics, of remaining on the bullet 12 after firing and
down range to its ultimate target. Thus, for example, if the
specific elastic memory and the strength of an otherwise suitable
material is not within any of the given value ranges set forth
above with respect to the polyethylene, such material may, given
its specific combination of characteristics values, provide a
suitable jacket runner material which is contemplated to be in
accordance with the present invention.
[0036] During manufacture of the jacket runner 14 of the present
invention, when a resilient plastic or polymer is utilized, in one
embodiment the jacket runner 14 is formed by extrusion or by
injection molding, or the like, depending upon the specific
material selected for runner 14, or its specific application.
Extrusion is the compacting of a plastics material and the forcing
of it through an orifice in a more or less continuous fashion.
Injection molding involves softening a thermoplastic material by
heating the same, and then forcing the softened material from a
plasticizing device into a relatively cool mold cavity for
hardening. Once formed, jacket runner 14 is temporarily stretched
to fit over the maximum diameter of bullet 12, and is then
positioned over recessed receiving portion 26. Subsequent to such
positioning, jacket runner 14 returns substantially to its original
size and becomes integral with middle section 22 by means of a
tension or compression fit. Alternatively, jacket runner 14 can be
formed directly around recessed receiving portion 26 by injection
molding or the like, or can be secured thereon by any suitable
securing means. As discussed above, it is preferable for the outer
diameter of jacket runner 14 to be slightly larger than the maximum
outer diameter of bullet 12, and particularly of middle section 22
thereof. Upon firing, the explosive forces cause the trailing end
of jacket runner 14 to temporarily expand or otherwise deform to
some degree within the bore, creating enhanced gas checking
efficiency and rotational stability as explained below.
[0037] The barrels of firearms can have smooth or rifled bores
extending therethrough. The bore has a diameter which is the
distance between opposed inner surfaces of the barrel when the
barrel is smooth, i.e., not rifled, and it is the distance between
opposed land surfaces when the barrel is rifled. In rifled bores,
lands 52 are raised portions which extend inwardly from the outer
bore 54, creating an inner or primary bore 56. As best seen in FIG.
5, jacket runner 14 positioned around bullet 12 has an outer
diameter greater than the diameter of primary bore 56, whereby
lands 52 are designed to cut into or form rifling patterns in
jacket runner 14 as the projectile 10 is fired from the firearm.
The rifling or lands 52 impart spin to jacket runner 14, and thus
to bullet 12 which is integral therewith. In smooth bores and with
the absence of riflings, a critical dimension of the projectile 10
becomes the relative size of the jacket runner 14 with respect to
the diameter of the barrel. In both smooth and rifled bores, jacket
runner 14 functions to hold projectile 10 in place and prevent
bullet 12 from contacting the bore or limit its contact therewith,
eliminating fouling caused by scoring of the metal. In addition,
jacket runner 14, as it expands within the bore from the pressure
of the firing explosion, performs a gas checking function, i.e., it
works to prevent or limit the escape of gases generated during
firing. Thus, by increasing or decreasing the outer diameter of
runner 14, pressures and velocities can be controlled. Although the
dimensions and variations of performance will change with respect
to projectiles for different applications, namely, muzzle loader,
shotgun slug, revolver or handgun, and rifle, the principles and
advantages achieved by the bullet and jacket runner of the present
invention will be essentially the same. For example, in a 50
caliber muzzle loader application, for each one thousandths of an
inch increase or decrease in this outer diameter, as from 0.501 to
0.507, the muzzle velocity will change about 200 feet per second.
Further, in such a muzzle loader firearm, ease of loading will be
dramatically affected by the finished outer diameter of jacket
runner 14 when installed within recessed receiving portion 26 of
bullet 12.
[0038] As one example of a projectile in accordance with the
teachings of the present invention, when a 50 caliber muzzle loader
bullet having a weight of 250 grains is used, bullet 12 will be
undersized, and preferably will have a maximum diameter of
approximately 0.498'' at middle section 22, with recessed receiving
portion 26 having a diameter of approximately 0.469''. Jacket
runner 14 positioned around recessed receiving portion 26 will have
an outer diameter of about 0.504'' to about 0.506''. Thus, in the
rifled bore depicted in FIG. 5, the primary bore is approximately
0.500, and the secondary bore is about 0.510. The outer surface of
jacket runner 14 will be scored by lands 52 after firing, thus
retaining bullet 12 centered within barrel 20. In this way, contact
between bullet 12 and bore 56 is minimized or eliminated, and
therefore no or limited scoring or other deformation of bullet 12
occurs during the loading and firing processes. As pressure builds
up within the bore during firing, the malleability or suppleness of
jacket runner 14 causes it to deform to some degree and fill in the
depths of lands 52 to the secondary bore dimension of the rifle
barrel. This ensures proper gas checking and rotational stability
of projectile 10 as it travels down the barrel and to its final
destination.
[0039] In manufacturing the projectile of the present invention,
the bullet 12 is first formed by conventional means, such as by
casting or impact heading or the like, and middle section 22 of the
bullet is provided with recessed receiving portion 26. As discussed
above, in one embodiment, jacket runner 14 is formed by any
suitable process such as injection molding, extrusion or the like.
It is then deformed or stretched and positioned over bullet 12
adjacent recessed receiving portion 26, after which jacket runner
14 is allowed to return essentially to its original size or form.
As the inner diameter of jacket runner 14 in its original size is
slightly less than the outer diameter of recessed receiving portion
26, runner 14 is retained securely around bullet 12 by means of a
tension or compression fit, a friction fit, or other suitable
securing means. In an alternative embodiment, jacket runner 12 is
formed in place around recessed receiving portion 26 by injection
molding or the like. The tension or elasticity of this material
allows for high speed, cost effective manufacturing of small
caliber and sizes of bullets in accordance with the present
invention, which high speed could not be achieved using metal,
porcelain or other non-elastic materials for runner 14, nor using
items manufactured from multiple pieces which would require
alignment and installation around the bullet.
[0040] Although much of this discussion has been directed to
projectiles for muzzle loader firearms, the teachings of the
present invention are equally useful for projectiles used for a
variety of applications, including slugs for shot guns, centerfire
or rimfire rifle bullets, and centerfire or rimfire handgun
bullets. Some of these projectiles are depicted in FIGS. 6-8.
[0041] Turning now to FIG. 6, a projectile 110 is depicted which
includes a bullet 112, a jacket runner 114, and a cartridge 115,
and is of the configuration typically associated with centerfire or
rimfire rifles. Optionally, the projectile can also include a tip
116 positioned on one end thereof. Bullet 112 includes a tapered
front section 120, a cylindrical middle section 122, and a tapered
end section 124. Intermediate the opposed end portions of middle
section 122 is a recessed receiving portion 126 for receiving
jacket runner 114 thereon. Both middle section 122 and recessed
receiving portion 126 are preferably circular in cross-section.
Recessed receiving portion 126 has opposed leading edge (not shown)
and trailing edge 130. The leading edge is connected to middle
section 122 adjacent one opposed end portion thereof by a first
shoulder (not shown), and trailing edge 130 is connected to middle
section 122 adjacent the second opposed end portion thereof by
second shoulder 134. The shoulders can form any suitable angle with
respect to the longitudinal axis of bullet 112, and function to
limit the forward and rearward movement of jacket runner 114 after
firing and during flight, in the same manner as discussed above
with respect to FIGS. 1-3. The front end of bullet 112 can
optionally include tip 116 extending therefrom. Tip 116 can be
secured to the front surface of bullet 112 by any suitable means of
attachment, including the recess and swaging configuration as shown
in FIGS. 2-3 above, or suitable adhesives or the like.
[0042] When used with centerfire or rimfire rifles, bullet 112 is
positioned partially within centerfire cartridge 115 adjacent end
section 124. Centerfire cartridge 115 can be of any suitable
configuration, and in the embodiment of FIG. 6, encompasses end
section 124 and extends partially over middle section 122 and
jacket runner 114. As in conventional applications, cartridge 115
is filled with charge 150, and upon firing, projectile 110 detaches
from cartridge 115 and travels through and exits firearm barrel
toward its target.
[0043] As discussed above, jacket runner 114 is an elongated
ring-shaped band which fits co-axially around recessed receiving
portion 126. Typically, jacket runner 114 is formed from a
resilient, shape-retaining material and has an inner diameter which
is slightly less than the diameter of recessed receiving portion
126. Accordingly, it can be secured thereon by means of a tension
or compression fit, or a friction fit. Alternatively, any other
suitable securing means can be utilized for securing jacket runner
114 to bullet 112, including adhesives or the like, or by forming
jacket runner 114 directly around bullet 112 by injection molding
or the like. Jacket runner 114 is securely positioned around
recessed receiving portion 126 intermediate the leading edge and
trailing edge 130, and thereby forms an integral part of bullet
112. In a preferred embodiment, jacket runner 114 extends along
essentially the entire axial length of recessed receiving portion
126. Further, it is preferred that the recessed receiving portion
126 and corresponding jacket runner 114 extend along a major
portion of the axial length of the middle section or shank 122 of
bullet 112, and preferably from 50 to 95% of the axial length
thereof. This elongated configuration helps to achieve increased
gas checking efficiency and rotational stability. Recessed
receiving portion 126 is of sufficient depth such that the outer
diameter of jacket runner 114 is slightly greater than the maximum
diameter of bullet 112 when runner 114 is positioned thereon.
[0044] Jacket runner 114 is constructed from any suitable
materials, as discussed above with respect to jacket runner 14, and
preferably includes the same characteristics of pliability,
strength, elastic memory, resistance to heat, and coefficient of
friction. When a resilient plastic is utilized as the runner
material, in one embodiment jacket runner 114 is temporarily
stretched during manufacture of the projectile 110 to fit over the
maximum diameter of bullet 112, and is positioned over recessed
receiving portion 126, whereafter it returns to substantially its
original size and becomes integral with middle section 122, secured
thereto by means of a tension or compression fit. In an alternative
embodiment, jacket runner 114 is formed directly on bullet 112 by
injection molding or the like, or can be secured thereon by any
suitable securing means. Upon firing, the explosive forces cause
the trailing end of elongated jacket runner 114 to temporarily
expand or otherwise deform to some degree within the bore, creating
enhanced gas checking efficiency and rotational stability.
[0045] Turning now to FIG. 7, a projectile 210 is depicted which
includes a bullet 212, a jacket runner 214, and a cartridge 215,
and is of a configuration typically associated with centerfire or
rimfire handguns. Optionally, the projectile can also include a tip
216 positioned on one end thereof. Bullet 212 includes a tapered
front section 220, a cylindrical middle section 222, and a tapered
end section 224. Intermediate the opposed end portions of middle
section 222 is a recessed receiving portion (not shown) similar to
the recessed receiving portions 26, 126 of FIGS. 2 and 6,
respectively, for receiving jacket runner 214 thereon. Both middle
section 222 and recessed receiving portion are preferably circular
in cross-section. Recessed receiving portion has opposed leading
and trailing edges (not shown) connected to middle section 122
adjacent the corresponding opposed end portions thereof by a first
shoulder and a second shoulder (not shown). The shoulders can form
any suitable size and angle with respect to the diameter and
longitudinal axis of bullet 212, and function to limit the forward
and rearward movement of jacket runner 214, in the same manner as
discussed above with respect to FIGS. 1-3. The front end of bullet
212 can optionally include tip 216 extending therefrom. Tip 216 can
be secured to the front surface of bullet 212 by any suitable means
of attachment, including the recess and swaging configuration as
shown in FIGS. 2-3 above, or suitable adhesives or the like.
[0046] When used with centerfire or rimfire handguns, bullet 212 is
positioned partially within cartridge 215 adjacent end section 224.
Handgun cartridge 215 can be of any suitable configuration, and in
the embodiment depicted in FIG. 7, encompasses end section 224 and
extends partially over middle section 222 and jacket runner 214. As
in conventional applications, cartridge 215 is filled with charge
250, and upon firing, projectile 210 detaches from cartridge 215
and travels through and exits from firearm barrel toward its
target.
[0047] Jacket runner 214 is an elongated ring-shaped band which
fits co-axially around the recessed receiving portion. In one
embodiment, jacket runner 214 is formed from a resilient,
shape-retaining material and has an inner diameter which is
slightly less than the outer diameter of recessed receiving
portion, so that it can be secured thereon by means of a tension or
compression fit. Alternatively, any other suitable securing means
can be utilized for securing jacket runner 214 to bullet 212,
including adhesives or the like, or by forming jacket runner 214
directly around the recessed receiving portion by an injection
molding process or the like. As discussed above, jacket runner 214
is securely positioned around recessed receiving portion
intermediate the leading and trailing edges thereof, and thereby
forms an integral part of bullet 212. In a preferred embodiment,
jacket runner 214 extends along essentially the entire axial length
of recessed receiving portion. Further, it is preferred that
recessed receiving portion and corresponding jacket runner 214
extend along a major portion of the axial length of the middle
section or shank 222 of bullet 212, and preferably from 50 to 95%
of the axial length thereof. Recessed receiving portion is of
sufficient depth such that the outer diameter of jacket runner 214
is slightly greater than the maximum diameter of bullet 212 when
runner 214 is positioned thereon.
[0048] Jacket runner 214 is constructed from any suitable
materials, such as those discussed above with respect to jacket
runner 14, and preferably includes the same characteristics of
pliability, strength, memory or elasticity, resistance to heat, and
coefficient of friction. When a resilient plastic is utilized as
the runner material, in one embodiment jacket runner 214 is
temporarily stretched during manufacture of the projectile 210 to
fit over the maximum diameter of bullet 212, and when positioned
over the recessed receiving portion, it can return to substantially
its original size and becomes integral with middle section 222,
secured thereto by means of a tension or compression fit.
Alternatively, jacket runner 214 can be formed directly around
bullet 112 by injection molding or the like, or can be secured
thereon by any suitable securing means. Further, upon firing, the
explosive forces cause the trailing end of elongated jacket runner
214 to temporarily expand or otherwise deform to some degree,
creating enhanced gas checking efficiency and rotational
stability.
[0049] Turning now to FIG. 8, a projectile 310 is depicted which
includes a bullet or slug 312, a jacket runner 314, and a cartridge
or hull 315, and is of the configuration typically associated with
shotgun slugs. Optionally, the projectile can also include a tip
316 positioned on one end thereof. Bullet 312 includes a tapered
front section 320, a cylindrical middle section 322, and a tapered
end section 324. Intermediate the opposed end portions of middle
section 322 is a recessed receiving portion 326 for receiving
jacket runner 314 thereon. Both middle section 322 and recessed
receiving portion 326 are preferably circular in cross-section.
Recessed receiving portion 326 has opposed leading edge (not shown)
and trailing edge 330. The leading edge is connected to middle
section 322 adjacent one opposed end portion thereof by a first
shoulder (not shown), and trailing edge 330 is connected to middle
section 322 adjacent the second opposed end portion thereof by a
second shoulder 334. The shoulders can form any suitable angle with
respect to the longitudinal axis of bullet 312, and function to
limit the forward and rearward movement of jacket runner 314, in
the same manner discussed above with respect to FIGS. 1-3.
[0050] The opposed ends of bullet 312 include a front surface 336
and a rear surface 338. Front surface 336 optionally includes tip
316 extending therefrom. Tip 316 can be secured to first section
320 of bullet 312 by any suitable means of attachment. In one
embodiment, the means of attachment includes a recess or inlet 340
extending inwardly therefrom, and adapted to receive therein
receiving end portion 342 of tip 316. Receiving end 342 can be
secured within inlet 340 by means of swaging, or the like.
Alternatively, adhesive or other suitable securing means can be
utilized. Any suitable shape and size of tip can be utilized, and
is contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention.
Rear surface 338 can be flat or conical, or any suitable shape. In
the embodiment depicted in FIG. 8, rear surface 338 is conical.
Again, any suitable configuration of the rear surface is
contemplated to be within the scope of the invention.
[0051] When used with shotguns, bullet 312 is positioned within
shotgun hull 115 adjacent end section 324. Hull 315 can be of any
suitable configuration, and in the embodiment of FIG. 8,
essentially encompasses projectile 310. As in conventional
applications, hull 315 is filled with charge 350, and upon firing,
projectile 310 detaches from hull 315 and travels through and exits
from firearm barrel toward its target.
[0052] Jacket runner 314 is an elongated ring-shaped band which
fits co-axially around recessed receiving portion 326. In one
embodiment, jacket runner 314 is formed from a material which is
resilient and shape-retaining, and has an inner diameter which is
slightly less than the diameter of recessed receiving portion 326,
so that it can be secured thereon by means of a tension or
compression fit. Alternatively, any other suitable securing means
can be utilized for securing jacket runner 314 to bullet 312,
including adhesives or the like, or by means of an injection
molding process by which jacket runner 314 is formed directly
around recessed receiving portion 326 of bullet 312. As discussed
above,jacket runner 314 is securely positioned around recessed
receiving portion 326 intermediate the leading edge and trailing
edge 330 thereof, and thereby forms an integral part of bullet 312.
In a preferred embodiment,jacket runner 314 extends along
essentially the entire axial length of recessed receiving portion
326. Further, it is preferred that recessed receiving portion 326
and corresponding jacket runner 314 extend along a major portion of
the axial length of the middle section or shank 322 of bullet 312,
and preferably from 50 to 95% of the axial length thereof. Recessed
receiving portion 326 is of sufficient depth such that the outer
diameter of jacket runner 314 is slightly greater than the maximum
diameter of bullet 312 when runner 314 is positioned thereon.
[0053] Jacket runner 314 is constructed from any suitable materials
such as those discussed above with respect to jacket runner 14, and
preferably includes the same characteristics of pliability,
strength, elastic memory, resistance to heat, and coefficient of
friction. When a resilient plastic is utilized as the runner
material, in one embodiment jacket runner 314 is temporarily
stretched during manufacture of the projectile 310 to fit over the
maximum diameter of bullet 312, and is positioned ove recessed
receiving portion 326, whereafter it returns substantially to its
original size and becomes integral with middle section 322, secured
thereto by means of a tension or compression fit. In an alternative
embodiment, jacket runner 314 is formed directly around recessed
receiving portion 26 by injection molding or the like, or can be
secured thereon by any suitable securing means. Upon firing, the
explosive forces cause the trailing end of jacket runner 314 to
temporarily expand or otherwise deform to some degree, creating
enhanced gas checking efficiency and rotational stability.
[0054] It can thus be seen that the combination bullet 12 and
jacket runner 14 of the present invention provides a synergistic
effect which results in a projectile 10 having enhanced velocity
and accuracy characteristics. The metal bullet 12 provides the down
range toughness to deliver controlled expansion at close and long
range distances. Its recessed receiving portion 26 provides a
cradle for jacket runner 14, securing it therearound by means of a
tension pressure fit or the like, or other suitable means.
Shoulders 32,34 prevent the forward or rearward movement of jacket
runner 14 during loading and firing of the projectile. In addition,
the two shoulders 32, 34, the outward most ends of which are
preferably the greatest outer diameter of bullet 12, also act as a
guide within the barrel facilitating the centering of projectile 10
within the bore of the firearmn. This greatest outer diameter of
bullet 12 is slightly less than the primary bore of the firearm,
and can be approximately half a thousandth of an inch smaller. The
outer diameter of jacket runner 14 when positioned on bullet 12 is
greater than the primary bore diameter. Thus, jacket runner 14
limits contact between the barrel and bullet 12, reducing or
eliminating scoring of the metal, which can cause fouling of the
firearm barrel. Further, when inserted into the bore or fired from
the barrel of a rifle, the malleability of the jacket runner
material allows it to fill in the depth of the lands to the
secondary bore dimension of the barrel. In this way, jacket runner
14 provides a gas checking function, and in combination with
shoulders 32, 34 of bullet 14, provides for centering of the
projectile 10 in the barrel. Thus, the combination bullet 12 and
jacket runner 14 work together to provide the correct alignment of
the projectile 10 in the center of the barrel, and efficient gas
checking from the ignition of the powder charge, and since jacket
runner 14 remains on bullet 12 throughout its flight, this
combination also provides rotational stability of the projectile in
flight to give it enhanced down range accuracy.
[0055] The manufacturing process for runners 14, 114, 214 and 314
formed from materials incorporating synthetic or other elastic
materials can achieve high speed, cost effective mass production,
whereas a runner formed from metal, porcelain or other such
materials which cannot stretch and does not have elastic memory
properties, would require manufacturing in multiple pieces for
installation onto the recessed receiving portion of the bullet.
Accordingly, the projectile in accordance with the present
invention, due to the flexibility and elasticity of the jacket
runner, is highly suitable for the high speed manufacture of small
sizes and calibers of projectiles.
[0056] It is understood that the projectile of the present
invention is useful for any of a number of small munitions
applications. These can include, but are not limited to, muzzle
loader firearms, slugs for shot guns, centerfire or rimfire rifles,
and center fire or rimfire handguns. Projectiles for any such
applications incorporating the bullet and jacket runner
configuration of the present invention are deemed to be within the
scope of this invention.
* * * * *