U.S. patent application number 10/900370 was filed with the patent office on 2006-02-02 for safety candleholder.
Invention is credited to Deborah Ann Platts.
Application Number | 20060024627 10/900370 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35732679 |
Filed Date | 2006-02-02 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060024627 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Platts; Deborah Ann |
February 2, 2006 |
Safety candleholder
Abstract
This invention relates to a "candleholder" containing one or
more sensing devices that can detect any one or more unsafe
conditions and generate a signal to activate an alarm when an
unsafe condition is detected.
Inventors: |
Platts; Deborah Ann;
(Allentown, PA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Thomas G. Ryder, Esq.
P.O. Box 716
Trexlertown
PA
18087-0716
US
|
Family ID: |
35732679 |
Appl. No.: |
10/900370 |
Filed: |
July 28, 2004 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
431/14 ;
431/289 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F23D 3/16 20130101; F23D
3/26 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
431/014 ;
431/289 |
International
Class: |
F23N 5/26 20060101
F23N005/26 |
Claims
1. A device for use with a candle which comprises (1) means for
holding a candle, (2) means associated with the candle holding
means for detecting an unsafe condition, (3) an alarm means (4)
means responsive to the means for detecting an unsafe condition for
activating the alarm means when the means for detecting an unsafe
condition detects an unsafe condition, and (5) power supply
means.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the means for holding a candle
comprises a base device selected from the group consisting of a
plate, a cup, a spike, and a clamp.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the means for detecting an unsafe
condition is selected from the group consisting of: (a) a
temperature sensing means: (b) a weight sensing means; (c) a weight
change sensing means; (d) a light sensing means; (e) a motion
sensing means; and (f) a proximity sensing means.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein the power supply means is selected
from: (a) a household electrical source; (b) a battery; (c) a solar
power source; and (d) a fuel cell.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein the means for activating the alarm
means is selected from the group consisting of an electronic
circuit and an integrated circuit.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein the alarm means is selected from
the group consisting of audible and visible means.
7. The device of claim 3 wherein the unsafe condition is the candle
burning too low and the detection means is selected from the group
consisting of: (a) a temperature sensing means; (b) a weight
sensing means; (c) a weight change sensing means; and (d) a light
sensing means.
8. The device of claim 3 wherein the unsafe condition is the candle
or candleholder being disoriented and the detection means is
selected from the group consisting of: (a) a temperature sensing
means; (b) a weight sensing means; (c) a weight change sensing
means: and (e) a motion sensing means.
9. The device of claim 3 wherein the unsafe condition is a hazard
above the candleholder and the detection means is selected from the
group consisting of: (a) a temperature sensing means; (e) a motion
sensing means; and (f) a proximity sensing means.
10. A modular sensing device for use with a candleholder which
comprises; (2) means for detecting an unsafe condition, (3) an
alarm means (4) a means responsive to the means for detecting an
unsafe condition for activating the alarm means when the means for
detecting an unsafe condition detects an unsafe condition, and (5)
a power supply means.
11. The modular device of claim 10 wherein the means for detecting
an unsafe condition is selected from the group consisting of: (a) a
temperature sensing means: (b) a weight sensing means; (c) a weight
change sensing means; (d) a light sensing means; (e) a motion
sensing means; and (f) a proximity sensing means.
12. The modular device of claim 10 wherein the power supply means
is selected from the group consisting of: (a) a household
electrical source; (b) a battery; (c) a solar power source; and (d)
a fuel cell.
13. The modular device of claim 10 wherein the means for activating
the alarm means is selected from the group consisting of an
electronic circuit and an integrated circuit.
14. The modular device of claim 10-wherein the alarm means is
selected from the group consisting of audible and visible
means.
15. The modular device of claim 10 wherein the unsafe condition is
a candle burning too low and the detection means is selected from
the group consisting of: (a) a temperature sensing means; (b) a
weight sensing means; (c) a weight change sensing means; and (d) a
light sensing means.
16. The modular device of claim 10 wherein the unsafe condition is
a candle or candleholder being disoriented and the detection means
is selected from the group consisting of: (a) a temperature sensing
means; (b) a weight sensing means; (c) a weight change sensing
means: and (e) a motion sensing means.
17. The device of claim 10 wherein the unsafe condition is a hazard
above the candleholder and the detection means is selected from the
group consisting of: (a) a temperature sensing means; (e) a motion
sensing means; and (f) a proximity sensing means.
18. The device of claim 1 wherein the candle holding means is
designed to hold a plurality of candles and there is and a
plurality of means for detecting an unsafe condition.
19. The device of claim 18 wherein the candle holding means is a
flat plate and the means for detecting an unsafe condition are
imbedded in the candle holding means.
Description
[0001] This invention relates to a safety device for use with a
candle, which device gives an alarm when an unsafe condition is
detected. More specifically, this invention relates to a
"candleholder" containing one or more detectors that can activate
an alarm when various unsafe conditions are detected.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] According to the National Candle Association (NCA), retail
candle sales in the United States alone are estimated to be 2.3
billion dollars per year. Since the early 1990s, overall candle
sales have grown at a rate of 10 to 15 per cent each year. The NCA
also reports that candles are used in seven out of ten households
in the United States and that candles are no longer used only for
the occasional dinner party. During the past 10 years, there has
been a huge shift toward people using scented candles as part of
everyday home life and families are lighting candles in their
living rooms, family rooms, dens, kitchens, bathrooms and
bedrooms.
[0003] Along with the soaring popularity of candles has come a
dramatic increase in the number of fires and resulting damage,
injury and death caused by candle fires. A report from the National
Fire Protection Association (NFPA) shows that the estimated number
of home candle fires jumped from 8,240 in 1980 to 15,040 in 1999.
According to this report, in 1999, candle fires caused 1,473
injuries, up from 506 in 1980, and $278 million in direct property
damage, up from $38.1 million in 1980. According to the Consumer
Product Safety, during the same period deaths in the U.S. from
fires caused by candles have increased more than 700 per cent.
[0004] Candle fires most often start when flames are left
unattended or ignite nearby objects. Candle users don't seem to
realize that they are dealing with fire. According to the NFPA, 38%
of the home candle fires in 1999 occurred when candles were left
unattended, abandoned or inadequately controlled. Twenty three
percent (23%) of home candle fires started when some form of
combustible material was left or came too close to the candle.
[0005] Unfortunately, there is no standardization in the production
of candles. Different manufacturers employ different types and
compositions of the "wax" or "paraffin" from which the candles are
fabricated. Additionally, in many instances, the composition of the
same style candle can vary from one batch to another from the same
manufacturer. These differences cause the different composition
candles to burn at different rates and at different
temperatures.
[0006] Furthermore, candles are fabricated in different sizes and
shapes and this has an impact on the rate at which candles burn.
Thus, for example, two candles of the same height and composition,
but of different diameters, will "burn down" at different rates. An
illustration of this is the comparison between a candle for a
birthday cake, which is about 2 inches high and about an eighth
inch in diameter, and a votive candle, which is about 2 inches high
and about an inch and a half in diameter. The birthday cake candle
burns down in a matter of a few minutes, while the votive candle
burns for several hours.
[0007] It has been previously suggested to provide a means for
snuffing out a candle after a pre-set amount of time has elapsed.
See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,572,365 to Byxbe, which describes
a device with a timer for snuffing out a candle after a pre-set
amount of time has elapsed. While this may be a step in the right
direction and is better than nothing, it still does not address the
problem when an unsafe condition arises before the time that the
snuffing mechanism is activated. It clearly does not address the
situations of the candle holder falling over, the candle being
removed from the candle holder, the candle burning down to an
unsafe level, the temperature in the area of the candle becoming
too high, or the candle igniting combustible matter in the vicinity
of the candle, all at a time prior to the pre-set snuffing time
selected by the operator.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0008] My invention relates to a safety device for use with a
candle. This device comprises a candleholder or means for holding
or supporting a candle. Associated with the candleholder is another
means or several different means for detecting an unsafe condition
or several unsafe conditions. The device of my invention also
includes an alarm means, which is responsive to the means for
detecting an unsafe condition. The alarm is activated when an
unsafe condition is detected.
[0009] The candleholder of my invention can be any means or device
that is capable supporting a candle and can include any of the
well-known devices currently in use. Examples of such devices
include spikes (upon which a candle can be impaled), cups or
sockets (into which the base of a candle can be inserted), clamps
(for gripping a candle), containers (in which the entire candle is
located), or flat plates (upon which the base of a candle
rests).
[0010] My invention further relates to a modular device which
comprises means for detecting an unsafe condition, an alarm means
and a means for activating the alarm means when an unsafe condition
is detected. This modular device is adapted to be included in a
candleholder when it is being fabricated or added to a previously
fabricated candleholder, thereby providing such candleholders with
the ability to detect unsafe conditions and to sound an alarm when
a unsafe condition is detected.
[0011] Some of the unsafe conditions that could exist in connection
with the burning of a candle include the burning of the candle to
an unsafely low level, the candle and/or candle holder tipping
over, the removal of the candle from the candleholder, too high a
temperature in the area of the candle or candleholder, or a foreign
object or material in proximity to the candle or candleholder.
[0012] Generally, the means for detecting unsafe conditions include
devices such as a means for sensing temperature, means for sensing
weight, means for sensing weight change, means for sensing light,
means for sensing motion and means for sensing proximity, such as a
foreign object intruding into the space about a candleholder.
[0013] The means for detecting the unsafe condition of the candle
burning too low can include a means for detecting or sensing the
temperature in the area proximate the base of the candle, a means
for detecting the weight of the candle or the rate of change of the
weight of the candle, a means for detecting the level of the flame
of a burning candle. or the distance of the candle flame from the
candleholder.
[0014] The means for detecting the unsafe condition of the candle
or candleholder tipping over can include a means for detecting the
temperature proximate the candleholder, a means for detecting
weight of the candle and/or the candleholder, a means for detecting
motion in the vicinity of the candleholder, or a means for
detecting the motion of the candle or candleholder.
[0015] The means for detecting the unsafe condition of a foreign
object material in proximity to the candle or candleholder can be
means for detecting ignition of foreign material or means for
detecting the motion of a foreign body or material in proximity to
the candle or candleholder.
[0016] A variety of the various means mentioned above are well
known to the art and are readily available in the industry. Thus,
for example, temperature sensing devices useful in my invention
include thermistors (thermo resistive devices), thermocouples,
pyroelectric devices (infrared thermal detectors), bimetallic cut
out switches, and thermopile sensors.
[0017] Similarly, a selection of means for detecting weight or
change of weight is also available commercially and include such
devices as strain gauges, piezoresistive pressure sensors,
mechanical switches, and spring actuated switches.
[0018] There are also available many motion detecting devices. Some
of the more readily available devices of this nature include photo
electric motion sensors (LED light beams), capacitive proximity
sensors, photo voltaic sensors, ultra sonic proximity sensors, and
several inductive devices,
[0019] The devices for the detection of flames or the location or
position of flames are also known in the art and include, for
example, photo resistive flame detectors, infra red pyro electric
detectors and various heat sensing and detecting devices mentioned
above.
[0020] It will be understood that many of the means and devices
mentioned above can be used to detect more than one unsafe
condition. Additionally, many of the devices can be calibrated so
as to detect different unsafe conditions. Thus, for example, a
temperature or heat sensing device, such as a thermocouple, can be
used to detect either or both of the unsafe conditions of the
candle burning too low and/or a candle tipping over.
[0021] Thus, for example, a variety of specific means exist for
determining if a candle has burned too low or too hot. Some of the
devices available for the detection of temperature at or near the
base of the candle include a thermistor. In practice one or more
thermistors, such as the Accu-curve brand available from RTI
Electronics, can be positioned proximate the bottom of a candle.
The thermistor can be attached mechanically or with and adhesive
(e.g., epoxy) to the candle holder, or it can be incorporated into
the candle holder, such as by molding the thermistor into the
candle holder. If the candleholder is a flat plate, the thermistor
can be positioned on either the upper or under surface of the
candleholder. When a predetermined temperature is sensed or
detected by the thermistor, a signal is transmitted by the
thermistor to the alarm means, such as by an electronic
circuit.
[0022] Another means for sensing or detecting temperature is a
thermocouple and devices of this type can be obtained commercially
from Newport Electronics or Watlow. In accordance with my
invention, one or more thermocouples can be positioned on or in a
candleholder so as to detect the temperature near the base of a
candle. When a predetermined temperature is sensed or detected
proximate the base of a candle, a signal is generated to activate
the alarm means.
[0023] Alternatively, a bi-metal switch, such as those available
from Cantherm can be positioned on or in the candle holder so as to
sense or detect the temperature at the base of a candle so that
when a predetermined temperature is sensed the bi-metal switch will
change position and cause the activation of the alarm means.
[0024] In another embodiment of my invention, a thermopile sensor,
such as the thin film type available from Dexter Research Center,
Inc., can be used to sense or detect the temperature at or near the
base of a candle. The thermopile sensor can be located on or in the
candleholder proximate the base of a candle. When a predetermined
temperature is sensed or detected, the out put voltage of the
thermopile will activate the alarm means and sound an alarm.
[0025] It is also possible to employ a thermal detector, such as an
IR pyroelectric detector available from InfraTec GmbH. The thermal
detector can also be positioned on or in the candleholder so as to
detect or sense the temperature near the base of the candle. When
the temperature sensed or detected reaches or exceed a
predetermined temperature, the output signal from the thermal
detector will cause the activation of the alarm means.
[0026] In addition to temperature sensing devices, the unsafe
condition of a candle burning too low can also determined by use of
means for detecting the weight or the rate of weight change of a
candle. Thus, for example, a strain gauge, such as a thin film
strain gauge available from Advanced Custom Sensors, Inc., can be
attached to the candle holder of this invention in such a manner as
to sense the weight of a candle and/or the rate of change in the
weight of a burning candle as it burns down. When the weight of the
candle decreases or the rate of change in the weight of the candle
increases to a predetermined level, which is indicative of the
candle having burned to a low level, a signal from the strain gauge
triggers the alarm means. While this means for detecting the weight
or rate of change of weight of a candle is suitable for use with
any of the various types of candle holders, including, for example,
a spike, a clamp or a cup, it is particularly well suited for use
in connection with a candle supporting surface, such as a flat
plate.
[0027] Alternatively, a force sensor, such as an FS series Micro
Switch available from Honeywell, can be mounted on the candle
holder in a manner to sense the weight of a candle and/or the rate
of change in weight of a burning candle. As a candle burns to the
bottom, the weight of the candle diminishes or the rate of change
in the weight loss of the candle INCREASES--? to a predetermined
level, which is indicative of the candle having burned to a low
level. At this point a signal from the force sensor activates the
alarm means. As mentioned above, while this means for detecting the
weight or rate of change of weight of a candle is suitable for use
with any of the various types of candle holders, including, for
example, spikes, clamps or cups, it is particularly well suited for
use in connection with a candle supporting surface, such as a flat,
horizontal plate.
[0028] Another type of means for detecting the unsafe condition of
a candle having burned too low is a light detection means,
including means for sensing when the flame of the candle approaches
too closely to the candle holder. Yet another type device can be an
LED beam that is connected or completed when the candle burns below
a predetermined level.
[0029] A different unsafe condition that can occur is when a candle
is knocked over or is unintentionally removed from the
candleholder. This situation can occur when the candle is knocked
over by an object impacting the candle or the candle is removed
from the candle holder, such as by a child.
[0030] Suitable means for detection of this or these unsafe
conditions include devices for detecting a weight change. An
example of such device is a subminiature on-off switch, such as a
ZX series switch from Honeywell Micro Switch division, which can be
mounted in such a manner that when a candle is in position on/in
the candle holder, of whatever type, the switch remains closed, but
if/when the candle is tipped over or removed from the candleholder,
the switch changes to the open position and the alarm means is
activated. Thus, it will be seen that a mere tipping over of the
candle will reduce the weight/pressure on the switch to cause the
switch to change position. Similarly, the removal of the candle
from the candleholder will also cause the switch to change
position. The change in position of the switch results in
activation of the alarm means. Devices of this nature can be used
in connection with the various types of candle holders, such as
spikes, clamps, cups or flat plates. It will be understood that a
device of this type is also capable of detecting when a candle has
burned to a predetermined low level.
[0031] Similarly, a force measuring device, such as a
piezoresistive force sensor in the FS series available from
Honeywell Micro Switch division, can be mounted in/on the
candleholder in such a manner to sense the weight of a candle when
positioned in/on the candleholder. In the event of the sudden
change in the weight sensed by the device, such as, for example, by
the candle tipping over or being removed from the candleholder, the
sensing means will trigger the alarm means.
[0032] Another device that can be employed to detect a candle
tipping over or a candle being removed from the candleholder is a
strain gauge, such as those available from Omega, which can be
attached to the candleholder to detect the presence of a candle. In
the event the candle is tipped over or removed from the
candleholder, the resulting change in the resistance of the strain
gauge can be employed in an electric/electronic circuit to trigger
the alarm means.
[0033] An alternative can be a combination strain gauge and
temperature sensor, such as the Kyowa brand available from Soltec.
The combination device can be installed in./on the candleholder so
that the strain gauge can detect the tipping or removal of the
candle and the detection of an abnormal temperature proximate the
base of the candle holder by the temperature sensor is indicative
of the candle tipping over. Either or both sensed phenomenon will
activate the alarm means.
[0034] A heat flux sensor located proximate the base of the
candleholder will react to the flame of a candle that has been
tipped over and activate the alarm means.
[0035] Motion detecting devices can also be used as the means for
detecting an unsafe condition in connection with a candle being
unintentionally removed from the candleholder or the candle being
knocked over. Thus, for example, an LED light beam, i.e., a visible
light emitting and receiving device, such as the Sideview TLP
series available from Vishay, can be set in a through beam manner
to shine a light beam parallel to the candle supporting surface.
When the candle is in proper position in/on the candleholder, the
beam is broken. In the event the candle is removed from the
candleholder or is tipped over, the beam will be completed and the
alarm means will be triggered.
[0036] Another device that can be employed is a photoelectric cell
or a photo diode, such as the typ available from Clairex
Technologies, Inc. This type device can be located on the
candleholder in such a manner that the visible light is blocked
from the sensor when the candle is in proper position. If the
candle is removed from the candleholder or is tipped from its
proper position, the photodiode will sense the light and will
activate the alarm means.
[0037] It is also possible to employ an ultra sonic sensor of the
type available from Baumer Electric and positioned in/on the
candleholder so that the sensor will recognize the presence of a
candle and in the event that the candle is removed or is tipped
from its proper position, the sensor will change its current output
and trigger the alarm means.
[0038] Alternatively, a capacitive proximity sensor, such as the
CFDM model available from Baumer Electric can be mounted relative
to the candleholder so as to focus on the candle base while it is
in the proper position. If the candle is removed or tipped out of
proper position, the sensor output will change and the alarm means
will be triggered.
[0039] In the situation wherein the unsafe condition results from
the candleholder being removed from its proper resting place, such
as on a table or other horizontal/flat surface. Typical of this
situation is having the candleholder knocked over or removed from
its resting place such s by the action of a passerby, and animal or
a child.
[0040] Illustrative of such a means is a subminiature on-off
switch, for example the D2F series snap action switches from Omron.
This type of switch can be mounted to the base of a candleholder in
such a manner that when the candleholder is resting on a table or
other flat, horizontal surface, the switch is closed. If the
candleholder is removed from the resting surface, the switch
position changes and the electronic circuit activates the alarm
mechanism,
[0041] Another such means is a peizoresistive force sensor, for
example an LPM Micro Force Sensor device from Cooper Instruments.
This kind of device is mounted on a candleholder housing so as to
sense the weight of the candle holder as it rests on a table or
other support. If the candleholder is knocked over, the change in
signal from the force sensor will cause the electronic circuit to
trigger the alarm means.
[0042] A strain gauge, such as one from the LQB series available
from Cooper Instruments can be attached to the candleholder housing
so as to measure the load while the candleholder is resting on a
table or other supporting surface. In the event the candleholder is
removed, a change in resistance will cause the
electronic/integrated circuit to trigger the alarm.
[0043] Another device that can be employed is a membrane touch
switch of the type available from Conductive Technologies, Inc.
This type of device can be positioned in the candleholder housing
so that an actuating arm can momentarily engage its touch switch if
the candleholder is knocked off the table or supporting surface,
thereby causing the electronic/integrated circuit to trigger the
alarm.
[0044] Another means for detecting if a candleholder has been
tipped over or removed from its proper resting place is a motion
sensing means. Such means include devices such as a tilt sensor,
particularly the wide angle series available from The Fredericks
Company. This type of device can be mounted in the candleholder
and, if the candleholder is knocked over or held out of level, the
tilt sensor will send a signal to the electronic/integrated circuit
to activate the alarm means. A similar device that acts in the same
manner is an inclinometer, such as one from the SCA series
available from VTI Technologies.
[0045] A visible light sensing device, such as a light sensitive
photo diode from the Si series available from Hamamatsu
Corporation, can be mounted on the underside of a candleholder so
as not to receive any visible light. If the candle older is knocked
over or removed from its supporting surface, the light sensing
means will be exposed to room light and the output signal will
change causing the electronic/integrated circuit to activate the
alarm.
[0046] An accelerometer or inertia switch, such as those available
from Dytran Instruments, Inc., can be mounted on the candleholder
and if the candleholder is knocked over or removed from its
supporting surface, the change in output signal will cause the
integrated circuit to activate the alarm.
[0047] Another motion sensing device that can be employed is an
electronic compass, such as a member of the HMR series available
from Honeywell, can be mounted on a candleholder to sense any
movement of the candleholder. The resulting output signal will
cause the electronic circuit to activate the alarm.
[0048] Other unsafe conditions that can occur include problems
arising in the area above the candle or candleholder and include
such things as foreign objects intruding into the space above the
candleholder or candle or items catching fire. Means for detecting
the intrusion of objects above the candleholder include many of the
motion sensing devices discussed previously, but in the present
situation they operate in a manner somewhat opposite to mode of
operation described previously. Thus, for example, a photo electric
device such as a photo diode can be places in the candle holder
such that it is exposed to available light. If a foreign object
intrudes into the area above the candleholder the amount of light
received by the photo diode is reduced and the variation is output
to the electronic circuit causes the circuit to send a signal to
activate the alarm. Similarly, ultra sonic sensors and capacitive
type proximity sensors will react to the presence of foreign
objects in their vicinity. Other well-known motion sensing devices
can also be employed.
[0049] In connection with the unsafe condition of ignition of
material around or above the candleholder, temperature sensing
devices can be employed similar to those described previously.
Further, temperature sensing means including an infrared
pyroelectric detector, such as one selected from the LIE series
available from Infra Tec, and a thermopile detector, such as one
selected from the ZTP series manufactured by GE, can be used.
Devices of this nature sense the ambient conditions near and around
a candle held in a candleholder of this invention and ignition of a
foreign object will change the output from the devices causing the
electronic/integrated circuit to activate the alarm.
DRAWINGS
[0050] FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an embodiment of this
invention suitable for holding a candle on a flat plate.
[0051] FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of this invention wherein the
candleholder if of the "spike" type.
[0052] FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of this invention wherein
the candleholder is of the cup or container type.
[0053] FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of this invention wherein
the candleholder is of the clamp type.
[0054] FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of this invention suitable for
use with multiple candles.
[0055] FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of this invention wherein
all of the sensing, computing, and alarm means are contained in a
single module for inclusion in a candleholder.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0056] FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of one embodiment of a device
10 in accordance with this invention. As shown in the drawing,
there is a base plate 12 and a top plate 14. Disposed between the
base plate 12 and the top plate 14 are three other components of
the device 10, specifically, a candle holding or support plate 16,
a battery 18, and a sensing device plate 20.
[0057] On sensing device plate 20 are mounted several sensing
devices. As shown in FIG. 1, there are a temperature sensing device
22, a weight sensing device 24, a weight change sensing device 26,
an audible alarm mechanism 28, and an electronic/integrated control
circuit 30, all. mounted on plate 20. Also connected to plate 20
are a light sensing device 32, a motion sensing device 34, and a
proximity sensing device 36. Plate 20 further has associated with
it a visual alarm mechanism 38, an on-off switch 40 and a battery
connector 42 for use with battery 18.
[0058] Sensing devices 22, 24, and 26 are designed to come in
contact with the surface of plate 16, when the device 10 of this
invention is assembled, and to detect, respectively, the
temperature at or proximate to plate 16, the weight of any load on
plate 16 (such as the weight of a candle), and the rate of change
in weight of any load on plate 16 (such as the rate of weight
change of a burning candle supported on plate 16).
[0059] The sensing and alarm devices 22, 24, 26, 28, 32, 34, 36,
and 38 as well as on-off switch 40 and battery connector 42
described above are all electrically connected to
electronic/integrated circuit 30 by means of a series of connecting
wires, all designated by reference numeral 44. Each of these
connecting wires is capable of conducting electrical power and/or
signals to circuit member 30, which operates to activate the alarm
means 28 and 38 in the event a phenomenon determined to be unsafe
is detected by any one or more of the sensing devices 22, 24, 26,
32, 34 and 36.
[0060] As also shown in FIG. 1, top plate 14 is provided with a
series of apertures there through and identified by reference
numbers 46, 48, and 50. Aperture 46 is adapted to receive light
sensing device 32 in a manner that sensing device 32 is capable of
detecting the intensity of light in the area above candle holding
or support plate 16 and top plate 14. Aperture 48 is adapted to
receive motion sensing device 34 in a manner that sensing device 34
is capable of detecting motion of a body in the area above candle
holding or support plate 16 and top plate 14. Similarly, aperture
50 is adapted to receive proximity sensing device 36 in a manner
that sensing device 36 is capable of detecting the presence of a
foreign body in the area above candle holding or support plate 16
and top plate 14.
[0061] It will be noted that base plate 12 has a notched opening 52
in its outer rim and an aperture 54 there through. The notched
opening 52 is adapted to receive on-off switch 40 in a manner that
switch 40 is operable from the exterior of the device of the
invention 10 after the device 10 is assembled. Aperture 54 is
adapted to receive visual alarm mechanism 38 in a manner that the
visual alarm 38 is capable of being seen from the exterior of the
device 10 after it is assembled.
[0062] In assembling the device of this invention 10, battery 18 is
connected to battery connector 42 to provide power to the system
and the ears 56 on sensing device plate 20 are received into the
slots 58 in base plate 12 to provide support and stability. Candle
holding plate 16 is placed on top of sensing device plate 20 and,
if desired or required, in contact with sensing devices 22, 24, and
26. On-off switch 40 is positioned in notched opening 52 in base
plate 12 and visual alarm means 38 is inserted through aperture 54
in base plate 12. Similarly, top plate 14 is placed over plates 16
and 20 so that on-off switch 40 is received in notched opening 60
in top plate 14 and sensing devices 32, 34 and 36 are disposed
through apertures 46, 48 and 50, respectively. Plates 12 and 14 are
fastened together, by means not shown, thereby securing in an
integral structure, the device 10 of this invention.
[0063] In operation, one or more candles can be placed on the
candle holding/support plate 16 the assembled device 10. In the
event an unsafe condition occurs one or more of the sensing devices
will detect the phenomenon(s) associated with such unsafe
condition. Thus, for example, if a candle placed on plate 16 is
removed from plate 16, then weight sensing device 24 will detect
the removal of that load from plate 16 and send an appropriate
signal to control circuit 30 which in turn will activate either or
both of audible alarm mechanism 28 and visual alarm mechanism 38.
Similarly, upon removal of the load from plate 16, weight change
sensing device 26 will detect the abnormally rapid change in weight
and send an appropriate signal to control circuit 30 which will
activate either or both of the audible alarm 28 and the visual
alarm 38.
[0064] In the unsafe condition of a candle falling over, not only
will weight sensing device 24 and weight change sensing device 26
detect the phenomenon, but motion sensing device 34 will also
detect the motion of the candle falling over. Additionally, if the
candle falls over onto plate 16, then temperature sensing device 22
can also detect the high temperature of the flame of the candle on
the plate. Thus, all of weight sensing device 24, weight change
sensing device 26, motion sensing device 34 and temperature sensing
device 22 will send signals to control circuit 30 to activate the
alarm mechanisms 28 and 38.
[0065] In the unsafe condition of the candle burning too low, the
temperature sensing device 22 will detect the temperature proximate
plate 16 exceeding a predetermined maximum safe temperature. In
this situation weight sensing device 24 can also detect the very
low weight of the almost consumed candle, while weight change
sensing device 26 can detect the change in the rate of weight
change in a candle as the candle is almost totally consumed. As the
candle burns low, light sensing device 32 can also detect the low
elevation of the candle flame. Thus, any one or more of sensing
devices 22, 24, 26, and 32 can send an appropriate signal to
control circuit 30 which in turn will activate either or both of
the alarm mechanisms 28 and 38.
[0066] In the unsafe condition of some object, especially a
flammable object, intruding into the space above the plate 16 or a
candle supported on plate 16, several of the sensing devices can
detect the unsafe condition. For example, the motion sensing device
34 can detect the presence of a foreign object, such as a child, an
animal or a careless person, moving into the vicinity of the device
of this invention 10. If the device of this invention 10 has been
moved from an original safe position, for example by a child, and
animal or a careless adult, the proximity sensing device 36 can
detect the newly created unsafe condition and send an appropriate
signal to control circuit 30 to activate alarms 28 and 38.
[0067] Another unsafe condition that could occur is for the entire
device of this invention 10 to be tipped over. In such situation,
all of the temperature sensing device 22, the weight sensing device
24, the weight change sensing device 26 and the motion sensing
device 34 would detect abnormal conditions, such as predetermined
parameters, and transmit appropriate signals to control circuit 30
to activate alarms 28 and 38.
[0068] Although the embodiment of this invention illustrated in
FIG. 1, is shown using a standard alkali battery as the source of
power, it will be understood that other power sources can be
employed with this invention. For example, the apparatus of this
invention can be powered using standard household current, a
rechargeable battery (Nickel-Cadmium), thin film batteries, and
radiation driven electrical sources, such as photo voltaic cells
(solar cells).
[0069] It will also be understood that it is not necessary to use
all of the sensing devices described above in every embodiment of
devices of this invention, since some of the sensing devices are
duplicative in results. It is also possible that a user may not
believe it necessary to use all of the sensing devices.
[0070] In FIG. 2 there is shown a different embodiment of the
device of this invention where the candleholder is of the "spike"
type. Thus, in this figure there is shown a support rod 210 on
which is mounted a drip tray 212 and from which projects a spike
214. In this type of "candle holder" the center of the bottom of a
candle 216 (shown in dotted lines) is impaled on the spike 214 and
the bottom of the candle 216 rests on drip tray 212.
[0071] Shown imbedded in tray 212 are a light sensing device 218, a
weight sensing device 220, a weight change sensing device 222, a
temperature sensing device 224, a motion sensing device 226 and an
audible alarm mechanism 228. Imbedded in the support rod 210 is
electronic/integrated circuit 230. Also shown in FIG. 2 is
electrical line 232 coming from a power supply, not shown, such as
a standard household source of electric power.
[0072] Similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, out put
signals from each of the sensing devices 218, 220, 222, 224, and
226, if all are used, are routed to electronic/integrated circuit
230 which in turn sends signal to audible alarm mechanism 228 when
any one of the such sensing devices detects a parameter other than
a predetermined value, thus indicating an unsafe condition.
[0073] FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of this invention. In
this figure there is shown supporting base 310 on which is mounted
candle container 312 having an opening 314 for receiving a candle
316 (shown in dotted lines). Imbedded in container 312 are a light
sensing device 318, a weight sensing device 320, a weight change
sensing device 322, temperature sensing device 324, and motion
sensing device 326. Also imbedded in container 312 is an audible
alarm mechanism 328. An electronic/integrated circuit 330 is also
shown imbedded in supporting base 310. Electrical lead 332
providing power for the operation of the device is shown connecting
the device to a power supply, not shown.
[0074] As in the preceding embodiments of this invention
illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the sensing devices 318, 320, 322,
324, and 326 (if all are used); the alarm mechanism 328; and the
electronic/integrated circuit 330 are interconnected by appropriate
wiring means so that the alarm mechanism 328 is activated when any
unsafe condition is detected by any one or more of the sensing
devices 318, 320, 322, 324, or 326 detects a parameter other than a
predetermined norm. Thus, for example, if a candle burns too low or
is tipped over, the alarm is activated. Similarly, if the entire
device is tipped over or a foreign body come to close to a candle,
the alarm is also activated.
[0075] FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of this invention wherein a
candle is grasped by a clamp. In this figure can be seen a support
arm 410 to which is attached a clamp mechanism 412 and support base
414 designed to support and clamp a candle 416 (shown in dotted
lines). Imbedded in clamp 412 are a light sensing device 418,
proximity sensing device 422, temperature sending device 424, and
motion sensing device 426. There is also a weight sensing device
420 imbedded in support base 414. An alarm mechanism 428 is
imbedded in clamp 412 and an electronic/integrated circuit 430 is
imbedded in support arm 410. Also shown is an electrical line 432
connected to a power supply, not shown.
[0076] In the embodiment of FIG. 4, as in the previously described
embodiments of this invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 3, the
sensing devices 418, 420, 422, 424, and 426, if all are used, are
interconnected with electronic/integrated circuit 430, alarm
mechanism 428 and to a power supply, not shown, via electrical line
432. In operation, when an unsafe condition is detected by any of
the sensing devices 418, 420, 422, 424, or 426 by registering a
parameter other than a predetermined value, the alarm mechanism 428
is activated. Thus unsafe conditions, such as, the candle burning
too low, tipping over or being removed from the clamp 412 can be
detected and alarm mechanism 428 is activated.
[0077] FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of this invention,
which is designed to accommodate multiple candles and is indicated
by reference number 510. This embodiment includes a support
platform 512. FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment capable of
supporting four candles 516. Because of this embodiment being
larger that those illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 4, this embodiment
shows multiple light sensing devices 518 located at a plurality of
locations on support platform 512. The entire upper surface of
platform 512 is covered with a thin film weight sensing device 520
which is capable of detecting changes in weight on the film, such
as the candles 516 burning too low, tipping over or being removed
from weight sensing device 520. Also located at multiple locations
along the top surface of platform 512 are a plurality temperature
sensing devices 524. Further there are multiple motion sensing
devices 526 located at a plurality of locations along the top
surface of platform 512. Sensing devices 518 and 526 extend above
weight sensing device 520. Associated with platform 512 is an
audible alarm mechanism 528. Positioned within platform 512 is an
electronic/integrated circuit 530 designed to process signals from
the sensing devices 518, 520, 524, and 526. There is also
illustrated an electrical line 532 connecting the platform 512 to a
power supply, not shown. As mentioned in connection with the
embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 4, the sensing devices
518, 520, 524, and 526, the electronic/integrated circuit 530 and
the alarm mechanism 528 are all interconnected with appropriate
wiring.
[0078] In operation, the phenomena detected by the sensing devices
518, 520, 524, and 526, if all are used, generate signals that are
transmitted to electronic/integrated circuit 530 where they are
processed and if there is a variation from any predetermined norm,
a signal is sent from electronic/integrated circuit 530 to alarm
mechanism 528 to activate it and sound an audible alarm indicating
that an unsafe condition exists. Thus, if the temperature detected
by temperature sensing device 524 is too high thus indicating that
a candle 516 has burned too low or that a candle 516 has tipped
over, the alarm will be sounded. On the other hand, if one of the
motion sensing devices 526 detects movement proximate support
platform 512 indicative of an object, animal or person coming too
close to the platform 512, a signal will be sent to
electronic/integrated circuit 530, which in turn will activate
alarm 528. In another instance of unsafe conditions, if weight
sensing device 520 detects a reduction in weight which can be
indicative of a candle 516 burning too low, tipping over or being
removed from platform 512, a signal will be sent to
electronic/integrated circuit 530 where it will be determined if a
predetermined norm has been exceeded. In such event, a signal will
be sent from electronic/integrated circuit 530 to activate alarm
528. If a light sensing device 518 detects an amount of light that
electronic/integrated circuit 530 determines exceeds a
predetermined level, a signal will be sent to activate alarm
mechanism 528. This can occur if a candle 516 burns too low, is
tipped over or a foreign object above platform 512 catches
fire.
[0079] In FIG. 6 there is illustrated a module in accordance with
this invention. Within module housing 610 there are disposed a
weight sensing device 612, a weight change sensing device 614, and
a temperature sensing device 616. Also connected to modular housing
610 are a light sensing device 618, a motion sensing device 620,
and a proximity sensing device 622. At an exterior surface of
module 610 is located an alarm mechanism 624. Positioned within
module housing 610 is an electronic/integrated circuit 626. As can
also be seen in FIG. 6, the sensing devices 612, 614, 616, 618, 620
and 622 are all interconnected with electronic/integrated circuit
626 and alarm mechanism 624 by means of connecting wires 628.
Electrical power to the module is supplied by means of electrical
line 630, which leads to a power supply, not shown. The power
supply can be a normal household electrical power supply, a
battery, a photo-voltaic cell, or a fuel cell.
[0080] In operation, the module housing 610 can be installed in any
of the many types of commercially available candleholders readily
available on the market. Thus, for example, a module 610 of this
invention can be incorporated into the body of a candleholder
during fabrication of the candle holder so as to become an integral
part of such candle holder. Alternatively, a module 610 of this
invention can be added to a previously fabricated candleholder. In
any event, the module 610, which includes all of the sensing means,
calculating or computing means, and alarm means necessary to detect
operating parameters, to determine if predetermined unsafe
operating conditions prevail and alarm means to alert the user to
the existence of an unsafe condition in order that corrective or
remedial action can be taken.
* * * * *