U.S. patent application number 11/012668 was filed with the patent office on 2006-01-12 for nitrogen transport metabolism.
Invention is credited to Stephen M. Allen, J. Antoni Rafalski.
Application Number | 20060010512 11/012668 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35542830 |
Filed Date | 2006-01-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20060010512 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Allen; Stephen M. ; et
al. |
January 12, 2006 |
Nitrogen transport metabolism
Abstract
This invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid fragments
encoding an ammonium transporter. The invention also relates to the
construction of a recombinant DNA constructencoding all or a
portion of ammonium transporters, in sense or antisense
orientation, wherein expression of the recombinant DNA construct
may alter levels of the ammonium transporter in a transformed host
cell.
Inventors: |
Allen; Stephen M.;
(Wilmington, DE) ; Rafalski; J. Antoni;
(Wilmington, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY;LEGAL PATENT RECORDS CENTER
BARLEY MILL PLAZA 25/1128
4417 LANCASTER PIKE
WILMINGTON
DE
19805
US
|
Family ID: |
35542830 |
Appl. No.: |
11/012668 |
Filed: |
December 15, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10033109 |
Dec 28, 2001 |
6833492 |
|
|
11012668 |
Dec 15, 2004 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
800/278 ;
435/419; 435/468; 530/370 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07K 14/415 20130101;
Y02A 40/146 20180101; C12N 15/8261 20130101; C07K 2319/00
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
800/278 ;
530/370; 435/468; 435/419 |
International
Class: |
A01H 1/00 20060101
A01H001/00; C12N 5/04 20060101 C12N005/04; C07K 14/415 20060101
C07K014/415 |
Claims
1. An isolated polynucleotide comprising: (a) a nucleotide sequence
encoding a polypeptide having ammonium transporter activity,
wherein the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide and the amino
acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16 have at least 95% sequence identity
based on the Clustal alignment method, or (b) the complement of the
nucleotide sequence, wherein the complement and the nucleotide
sequence contain the same number of nucleotides and are 100%
complementary.
2. The polynucleotide of claim 1 wherein the polypeptide comprises
the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16.
3. The polynucleotide of claim 1 wherein the nucleotide sequence
comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:15.
4. A vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1.
5. A recombinant DNA construct comprising the polynucleotide of
claim 1 operably linked to a regulatory sequence.
6. A method for transforming a cell comprising transforming a cell
with the polynucleotide of claim 1.
7. A cell comprising the recombinant DNA construct of claim 5.
8. A method for producing a plant comprising transforming a plant
cell with the polynucleotide of claim 1 and regenerating a plant
from the transformed plant cell.
9. A plant comprising the recombinant DNA construct of claim 5.
10. A seed comprising the recombinant DNA construct of claim 5.
Description
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of application
Ser. No. 10/033,109 filed on Dec. 28, 2001 which claims priority
benefit of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/384,625 filed on Aug. 27,
1999 which claims priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Application
No. 60/098,248 filed Aug. 28, 1998.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention is in the field of plant molecular biology.
More specifically, this invention pertains to nucleic acid
fragments encoding ammonium transporters in plants and seeds.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Higher plants are autotrophic organisms that can synthesize
all of their molecular components from inorganic nutrients obtained
from the local environment. Nitrogen is a key element in many
compounds present in plant cells. It is found in the nucleoside
phosphates and amino acids that form the building blocks of nucleic
acids and proteins, respectively. Availability of nitrogen for crop
plants is an important limiting factor in agricultural production,
and the importance of nitrogen is demonstrated by the fact that
only oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen are more abundant in higher plant
cells. Nitrogen present in the form of ammonia or nitrate is
readily absorbed and assimilated by higher plants.
[0004] Nitrate is the principal source of nitrogen that is
available to higher plants under normal field conditions. Thus, the
nitrate assimilation pathway is the major point of entry of
inorganic nitrogen into organic compounds (Hewitt et al. (1976)
Plant Biochemistry, pp 633-6812, Bonner, and Varner, eds. Academic
Press, NY). Although nitrate is generally the major form of
nitrogen available to plants, some plants directly utilize ammonia,
under certain conditions.
[0005] In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transport of ammonium
across the plasma membrane for use as a nitrogen source is mediated
by at least two functionally distinct transport systems. Expression
of an Arabidopsis cDNA in a mutant yeast strain deficient in two
ammonium uptake systems allowed the identification of a plant
ammonium transporter. The isolated cDNA encodes a highly
hydrophobic protein with 9-12 putative membrane spanning regions.
Sequence homologies to genes of bacterial and animal origin
indicated that this type of transporter is conserved over a broad
range of organisms suggesting that this gene encodes a
high-affinity ammonium transporter (Ninneman et al. (1994) EMBO J.
13:3464-3471). A gene encoding an ammonium transporter has been
identified in yeast which is most highly expressed when the cells
are grown on low concentrations of ammonium or on `poor` nitrogen
sources like urea or proline. This gene is down-regulated when the
concentration of ammonium is high or when other `good` nitrogen
sources like glutamine or asparagine are supplied in the culture
medium. The main function of this gene appears to be to enable
cells grown under nitrogen-limiting conditions to incorporate
ammonium present at relatively low concentrations in the growth
medium (Marine et al. (1994) EMBO J. 13:3456-3463).
[0006] Genes encoding high affinity ammonium transporters have yet
to be identified in corn, soybean and wheat, although ESTs encoding
peptides with similarities to cDNAs encoding high-affinity ammonium
transporters are found in the NCBI database. Rice ESTs having
General Identifier Nos. 568344 and 2309655 encode peptides with
similarities to high-affinity ammonium transporters. Genes encoding
ammonium transporters have yet to be identified in corn, rice,
soybean and wheat, although an EST encoding a peptide with
similarities to cDNAs encoding ammonium transporters is found in
the NCBI database having NCBI General Identifier No. 5005512.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The instant invention relates to isolated polynucleotides,
each polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a
first polypeptide that has at least 90% identity based on Clustal
method of alignment compared to a polypeptide selected from the
group consisting of a corn ammonium transporter polypeptide of SEQ
ID NO:2, a soybean ammonium transporter polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:4;
a wheat ammonium transporter polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:6, a corn
ammonium transporter of SEQ ID NO:8, a rice ammonium transporter
SEQ ID NO:10, a soybean ammonium transporter of SEQ ID NO:12, and
wheat ammonium transporter of SEQ ID NO:14 and at least 95%
identity based on Clustal method of alignment compared to a full
length corn ammonium transporter of SEQ ID NO:16. The present
invention also comprises an isolated polynucleotide comprising the
complement of the nucleotide sequences described above.
[0008] The present invention relates to an isolated host cell
comprising an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide
sequence of at least one of 30 contiguous nucleotides derived from
a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and the complement of such nucleotide
sequences. Suitable host cells include eucaryotic cells such as
yeast, and plant cells and procaryotic cells such as bacteria. The
present invention also relates to an isolated host cell comprising
an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence
encoding a first polypeptide that has at least 90% identity based
on Clustal method of alignment compared to a polypeptide selected
from the group consisting of a corn ammonium transporter
polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2, a soybean ammonium transporter
polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:4, a wheat ammonium transporter
polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:6, a corn ammonium transporter of SEQ ID
NO:8, a rice ammonium transporter SEQ ID NO:10, a soybean ammonium
transporter of SEQ ID NO:12 and wheat ammonium transporter of SEQ
ID NO:14 and at least 95% identity based on Clustal method of
alignment compared to a full length corn ammonium transporter of
SEQ ID NO:16. The present invention also comprises host cells
comprising an isolated polynucleotide comprising the complement of
the nucleotide sequences described above.
[0009] The present invention relates to a recombinant DNA construct
comprising an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide
sequence (and its complement) encoding a first polypeptide that has
at least 90% identity based on Clustal method of alignment compared
to a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a corn
ammonium transporter polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2, a soybean ammonium
transporter polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:4, a wheat ammonium
transporter polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:6, a corn ammonium transporter
of SEQ ID NO:8, a rice ammonium transporter SEQ ID NO:10, a soybean
ammonium transporter of SEQ ID NO:12 and wheat ammonium transporter
of SEQ ID NO:14 and at least 95% identity based on Clustal method
of alignment compared to a full length corn ammonium transporter of
SEQ ID NO:16, operably linked to suitable regulation sequences. The
present invention also relates to a recombinant DNA construct
comprising a nucleotide sequence of at least one of 30 contiguous
nucleotides derived from a nucleotide sequence selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and the
complement of such nucleotide sequences.
[0010] The present invention relates to a virus, preferably a
baculovirus comprising an isolated polynucleotide comprising a
nucleotide sequence encoding a first polypeptide that has at least
90% identity based on Clustal method of alignment compared to a
polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a corn ammonium
transporter polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2, a soybean ammonium
transporter polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:4, a wheat ammonium
transporter polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:6, a corn ammonium transporter
of SEQ ID NO:8, a rice ammonium transporter SEQ ID NO:10, a soybean
ammonium transporter of SEQ ID NO:12 and wheat ammonium transporter
of SEQ ID NO:14 and at least 95% identity based on Clustal method
of alignment compared to a full length corn ammonium transporter of
SEQ ID NO:16. The present invention also relates to a virus
comprises an isolated polynucleotide comprising the complement of
the nucleotide sequences described above. The present invention
also relates to a virus comprising a nucleotide sequence of at
least 30 contiguous nucleotides derived from a nucleotide sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,
13, 15 and the complement of such nucleotide sequences.
[0011] The present invention relates to an ammonium transporter
polypeptide comprising at least 90% homology based on Clustal
method of alignment compared to a polypeptide selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 and and at
least 95% identity based on Clustal method of alignment compared to
a full length corn ammonium transporter of SEQ ID NO:16.
[0012] The present invention relates to a process for producing an
isolated host cell comprising a recombinant DNA construct of the
present invention described above, the process comprising either
transforming or transfecting an isolated compatible host cell with
a recombinant DNA construct of the present invention.
[0013] The present invention relates to a method of selecting an
isolated polynucleotide that affects the level of expression of
ammonium transporter polypeptide in a plant cell, the method
comprising the steps of: [0014] constructing an isolated
polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence of at least 30
contiguous nucleotides derived from a nucleotide sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15
and the complement of such nucleotide sequences; [0015] introducing
the isolated polynucleotide into a plant cell; [0016] measuring the
level of ammonium transporter polypeptide in the plant cell
containing the polypeptide; and [0017] comparing the level of
ammonium transporter polypeptide in the plant cell containing the
isolated polynucleotide with the level of ammonium transporter
polypeptide in a plant cell that does not contain the recombinant
DNA construct.
[0018] The present invention relate to a method of selecting an
insolated polynucleotide that affects the level of expression of
ammonium transporter polypeptide in a plant cell comprising the
steps described above; however, the isolated polynucleotide
comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding a first polypeptide that
has at least 90% identity based on Clustal method of alignment
compared to a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a
corn ammonium transporter polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2, a soybean
ammonium transporter polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:4, a wheat ammonium
transporter polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:6, a corn ammonium transporter
of SEQ ID NO:8, a rice ammonium transporter SEQ ID NO:10, a soybean
ammonium transporter of SEQ ID NO:12 and wheat ammonium transporter
of SEQ ID NO:14 and at least 95% identity based on Clustal method
of alignment compared to a full length corn ammonium transporter of
SEQ ID NO:16. The above methods may also use isolated
polynucleotide comprising the complement of the nucleotide
sequences described above.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE LISTING
[0019] The invention can be more fully understood from the
following detailed description and the accompanying Sequence
Listing which form a part of this application.
[0020] Table 1 lists the polypeptides that are described herein,
the designation of the cDNA clones that comprise the nucleic acid
fragments encoding polypeptides representing all or a substantial
portion of these polypeptides, and the corresponding identifier
(SEQ ID NO:) as used in the attached Sequence Listing. The sequence
descriptions and Sequence Listing attached hereto comply with the
rules governing nucleotide and/or amino acid sequence disclosures
in patent applications as set forth in 37 C.F.R. .sctn.1.821-1.825.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Ammonium Transporters SEQ ID NO: (Nucle-
(Amino Protein Clone Designation otide) Acid) Corn high affinity
ammonium cr1n.pk0169.g8 1 2 transporter Soybean high affinity
sfl1.pk0070.e12 3 4 ammonium transporter Wheat high affinity
ammonium wlm12.pk0020.b10 5 6 transporter Corn ammonium transporter
p0126.cnlds55r 7 8 Rice ammonium transporter rl0n.pk083.f9 9 10
Soybean ammonium transporter src3c.pk003.h14 11 12 Wheat ammonium
transporter wlk8.pk0013.b6 13 14 Corn ammonium transporter
cnr1c.pk002.e24f:fis 15 16
[0021] The Sequence Listing contains the one letter code for
nucleotide sequence characters and the three letter codes for amino
acids as defined in conformity with the IUPAC-IUBMB standards
described in Nucleic Acids Research 13:3021-3030 (1985) and in the
Biochemical Journal 219 (No. 2):345-373 (1984) which are herein
incorporated by reference. The symbols and format used for
nucleotide and amino acid sequence data comply with the rules set
forth in 37 C.F.R. .sctn.1.822.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0022] In the context of this disclosure, a number of terms shall
be utilized. As used herein, a "polynucleotide" is a nucleotide
sequence such as a nucleic acid fragment. A polynucleotide may be a
polymer of RNA or DNA that is single- or double-stranded, that
optionally contains synthetic, non-natural or altered nucleotide
bases. A polynucleotide in the form of a polymer of DNA, may
comprise one or more segments of cDNA, genomic DNA or synthetic
DNA.
[0023] As used herein, "substantially similar" refers to nucleic
acid fragments wherein changes in one or more nucleotide bases
results in substitution of one or more amino acids, but do not
affect the functional properties of the polypeptide encoded by the
nucleotide sequence. "Substantially similar" also refers to nucleic
acid fragments wherein changes in one or more nucleotide bases does
not affect the ability of the nucleic acid fragment to mediate
alteration of gene expression by gene silencing through for example
antisense or co-suppression technology. "Substantially similar"
also refers to modifications of the nucleic acid fragments of the
instant invention such as deletion or insertion of one or more
nucleotides that do not substantially affect the functional
properties of the resulting transcript vis-a-vis the ability to
mediate gene silencing or alteration of the functional properties
of the resulting protein molecule. It is therefore understood that
the invention encompasses more than the specific exemplary
nucleotide or amino acid sequences and includes functional
equivalents thereof.
[0024] For example, it is well known in the art that antisense
suppression and co-suppression of gene expression may be
accomplished using nucleic acid fragments representing less than
the entire coding region of a gene, and by nucleic acid fragments
that do not share 100% sequence identity with the gene to be
suppressed. Moreover, alterations in a nucleic acid fragment which
result in the production of a chemically equivalent amino acid at a
given site, but do not effect the functional properties of the
encoded polypeptide, are well known in the art. Thus, a codon for
the amino acid alanine, a hydrophobic amino acid, may be
substituted by a codon encoding another less hydrophobic residue,
such as glycine, or a more hydrophobic residue, such as valine,
leucine, or isoleucine. Similarly, changes which result in
substitution of one negatively charged residue for another, such as
aspartic acid for glutamic acid, or one positively charged residue
for another, such as lysine for arginine, can also be expected to
produce a functionally equivalent product. Nucleotide changes which
result in alteration of the N-terminal and C-terminal portions of
the polypeptide molecule would also not be expected to alter the
activity of the polypeptide. Each of the proposed modifications is
well within the routine skill in the art, as is determination of
retention of biological activity of the encoded products.
Consequently, polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence of at
least 30 contiguous nucleotides derived from a nucleotide sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,
13 and the complement of such nucleotide sequences may be used in
methods of selecting an isolated polynucleotide that affects the
expression of the ammonium transporter polypeptide in a plant
cell.
[0025] Moreover, substantially similar nucleic acid fragments may
also be characterized by their ability to hybridize. Estimates of
such homology are provided by either DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA
hybridization under conditions of stringency as is well understood
by those skilled in the art (Hames and Higgins, Eds. (1985) Nucleic
Acid Hybridisation, IRL Press, Oxford, U.K.). Stringency conditions
can be adjusted to screen for moderately similar fragments, such as
homologous sequences from distantly related organisms, to highly
similar fragments, such as genes that duplicate functional enzymes
from closely related organisms. Post-hybridization washes determine
stringency conditions. One set of preferred conditions uses a
series of washes starting with 6.times.SSC, 0.5% SDS at room
temperature for 15 min, then repeated with 2.times.SSC, 0.5% SDS at
45.degree. C. for 30 min, and then repeated twice with
0.2.times.SSC, 0.5% SDS at 50.degree. C. for 30 min. A more
preferred set of stringent conditions uses higher temperatures in
which the washes are identical to those above except for the
temperature of the final two 30 min washes in 0.2.times.SSC, 0.5%
SDS was increased to 60.degree. C. Another preferred set of highly
stringent conditions uses two final washes in 0.1.times.SSC, 0.1%
SDS at 65.degree. C.
[0026] Substantially similar nucleic acid fragments of the instant
invention may also be characterized by the percent identity of the
amino acid sequences that they encode to the amino acid sequences
disclosed herein, as determined by algorithms commonly employed by
those skilled in this art. Preferred are those nucleic acid
fragments whose nucleotide sequences encode amino acid sequences
that are 80% identical to the amino acid sequences reported herein.
More preferred nucleic acid fragments encode amino acid sequences
that are 90% identical to the amino acid sequences reported herein.
Most preferred are nucleic acid fragments that encode amino acid
sequences that are 95% identical to the amino acid sequences
reported herein. Sequence alignments and percent identity
calculations were performed using the Megalign program of the
LASERGENE bioinformatics computing suite (DNASTAR Inc., Madison,
Wis.). Multiple alignment of the sequences was performed using the
Clustal method of alignment (Higgins and Sharp (1989) CABIOS.
5:151-153) with the default parameters (GAP PENALTY=10, GAP LENGTH
PENALTY=10). Default parameters for pairwise alignments using the
Clustal method were KTUPLE 1, GAP PENALTY=3, WINDOW=5 and DIAGONALS
SAVED=5.
[0027] A "substantial portion" of an amino acid or nucleotide
sequence comprises an amino acid or a nucleotide sequence that is
sufficient to afford putative identification of the protein or gene
that the amino acid or nucleotide sequence comprises. Amino acid
and nucleotide sequences can be evaluated either manually by one
skilled in the art, or by using computer-based sequence comparison
and identification tools that employ algorithms such as BLAST
(Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; Altschul et al. (1993) J. Mol.
Biol. 215:403-410;). In general, a sequence of ten or more
contiguous amino acids or thirty or more contiguous nucleotides is
necessary in order to putatively identify a polypeptide or nucleic
acid sequence as homologous to a known protein or gene. Moreover,
with respect to nucleotide sequences, gene-specific oligonucleotide
probes comprising 30 or more contiguous nucleotides may be used in
sequence-dependent methods of gene identification (e.g., Southern
hybridization) and isolation (e.g., in situ hybridization of
bacterial colonies or bacteriophage plaques). In addition, short
oligonucleotides of 12 or more nucleotides may be used as
amplification primers in PCR in order to obtain a particular
nucleic acid fragment comprising the primers. Accordingly, a
"substantial portion" of a nucleotide sequence comprises a
nucleotide sequence that will afford specific identification and/or
isolation of a nucleic acid fragment comprising the sequence. The
instant specification teaches amino acid and nucleotide sequences
encoding polypeptides that comprise one or more particular plant
proteins. The skilled artisan, having the benefit of the sequences
as reported herein, may now use all or a substantial portion of the
disclosed sequences for purposes known to those skilled in this
art. Accordingly, the instant invention comprises the complete
sequences as reported in the accompanying Sequence Listing, as well
as substantial portions of those sequences as defined above.
[0028] "Codon degeneracy" refers to divergence in the genetic code
permitting variation of the nucleotide sequence without effecting
the amino acid sequence of an encoded polypeptide. Accordingly, the
instant invention relates to any nucleic acid fragment comprising a
nucleotide sequence that encodes all or a substantial portion of
the amino acid sequences set forth herein. The skilled artisan is
well aware of the "codon-bias" exhibited by a specific host cell in
usage of nucleotide codons to specify a given amino acid.
Therefore, when synthesizing a nucleic acid fragment for improved
expression in a host cell, it is desirable to design the nucleic
acid fragment such that its frequency of codon usage approaches the
frequency of preferred codon usage of the host cell.
[0029] "Synthetic nucleic acid fragments" can be assembled from
oligonucleotide building blocks that are chemically synthesized
using procedures known to those skilled in the art. These building
blocks are ligated and annealed to form larger nucleic acid
fragments which may then be enzymatically assembled to construct
the entire desired nucleic acid fragment. "Chemically synthesized",
as related to nucleic acid fragment, means that the component
nucleotides were assembled in vitro. Manual chemical synthesis of
nucleic acid fragments may be accomplished using well established
procedures, or automated chemical synthesis can be performed using
one of a number of commercially available machines. Accordingly,
the nucleic acid fragments can be tailored for optimal gene
expression based on optimization of nucleotide sequence to reflect
the codon bias of the host cell. The skilled artisan appreciates
the likelihood of successful gene expression if codon usage is
biased towards those codons favored by the host. Determination of
preferred codons can be based on a survey of genes derived from the
host cell where sequence information is available.
[0030] "Gene" refers to a nucleic acid fragment that expresses a
specific protein, including regulatory sequences preceding (5'
non-coding sequences) and following (3' non-coding sequences) the
coding sequence. "Native gene" refers to a gene as found in nature
with its own regulatory sequences. "Recombinant DNA construct"
refers any gene that is not a native gene, comprising regulatory
and coding sequences that are not found together in nature.
Accordingly, a recombinant DNA construct may comprise regulatory
sequences and coding sequences that are derived from different
sources, or regulatory sequences and coding sequences derived from
the same source, but arranged in a manner different than that found
in nature. "Endogenous gene" refers to a native gene in its natural
location in the genome of an organism. A "foreign" gene refers to a
gene not normally found in the host organism, but that is
introduced into the host organism by gene transfer. Foreign genes
can comprise native genes inserted into a non-native organism, or
recombinant DNA constructs. A "transgene" is a gene that has been
introduced into the genome by a transformation procedure.
[0031] "Coding sequence" refers to a nucleotide sequence that codes
for a specific amino acid sequence. "Regulatory sequences" refer to
nucleotide sequences located upstream (5' non-coding sequences),
within, or downstream (3' non-coding sequences) of a coding
sequence, and which influence the transcription, RNA processing or
stability, or translation of the associated coding sequence.
Regulatory sequences may include promoters, translation leader
sequences, introns, and polyadenylation recognition sequences.
[0032] "Promoter" refers to a nucleotide sequence capable of
controlling the expression of a coding sequence or functional RNA.
In general, a coding sequence is located 3' to a promoter sequence.
The promoter sequence consists of proximal and more distal upstream
elements, the latter elements often referred to as enhancers.
Accordingly, an "enhancer" is a nucleotide sequence which can
stimulate promoter activity and may be an innate element of the
promoter or a heterologous element inserted to enhance the level or
tissue-specificity of a promoter. Promoters may be derived in their
entirety from a native gene, or be composed of different elements
derived from different promoters found in nature, or even comprise
synthetic nucleotide segments. It is understood by those skilled in
the art that different promoters may direct the expression of a
gene in different tissues or cell types, or at different stages of
development, or in response to different environmental conditions.
Promoters which cause a nucleic acid fragment to be expressed in
most cell types at most times are commonly referred to as
"constitutive promoters". New promoters of various types useful in
plant cells are constantly being discovered; numerous examples may
be found in the compilation by Okamuro and Goldberg (1989)
Biochemistry of Plants 15:1-82. It is further recognized that since
in most cases the exact boundaries of regulatory sequences have not
been completely defined, nucleic acid fragments of different
lengths may have identical promoter activity.
[0033] The "translation leader sequence" refers to a nucleotide
sequence located between the promoter sequence of a gene and the
coding sequence. The translation leader sequence is present in the
fully processed mRNA upstream of the translation start sequence.
The translation leader sequence may affect processing of the
primary transcript to mRNA, mRNA stability or translation
efficiency. Examples of translation leader sequences have been
described (Turner and Foster (1995) Molecular Biotechnology
3:225).
[0034] The "3' non-coding sequences" refer to nucleotide sequences
located downstream of a coding sequence and include polyadenylation
recognition sequences and other sequences encoding regulatory
signals capable of affecting mRNA processing or gene expression.
The polyadenylation signal is usually characterized by affecting
the addition of polyadenylic acid tracts to the 3' end of the mRNA
precursor. The use of different 3' non-coding sequences is
exemplified by Ingelbrecht et al. (1989) Plant Cell 1:671-680.
[0035] "RNA transcript" refers to the product resulting from RNA
polymerase-catalyzed transcription of a DNA sequence. When the RNA
transcript is a perfect complementary copy of the DNA sequence, it
is referred to as the primary transcript or it may be a RNA
sequence derived from posttranscriptional processing of the primary
transcript and is referred to as the mature RNA. "Messenger RNA
(mRNA)" refers to the RNA that is without introns and that can be
translated into polypeptide by the cell. "cDNA" refers to a
double-stranded DNA that is complementary to and derived from mRNA.
"Sense" RNA refers to an RNA transcript that includes the mRNA and
so can be translated into a polypeptide by the cell. "Antisense
RNA" refers to an RNA transcript that is complementary to all or
part of a target primary transcript or mRNA and that blocks the
expression of a target gene (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,107,065,
incorporated herein by reference). The complementarity of an
antisense RNA may be with any part of the specific nucleotide
sequence, i.e., at the 5' non-coding sequence, 3' non-coding
sequence, introns, or the coding sequence. "Functional RNA" refers
to sense RNA, antisense RNA, ribozyme RNA, or other RNA that may
not be translated but yet has an effect on cellular processes.
[0036] The term "operably linked" refers to the association of two
or more nucleic acid fragments on a single nucleic acid fragment so
that the function of one is affected by the other. For example, a
promoter is operably linked with a coding sequence when it is
capable of affecting the expression of that coding sequence (i.e.,
that the coding sequence is under the transcriptional control of
the promoter). Coding sequences can be operably linked to
regulatory sequences in sense or antisense orientation.
[0037] The term "expression", as used herein, refers to the
transcription and stable accumulation of sense (mRNA) or antisense
RNA derived from the nucleic acid fragment of the invention.
Expression may also refer to translation of mRNA into a
polypeptide. "Antisense inhibition" refers to the production of
antisense RNA transcripts capable of suppressing the expression of
the target protein. "Overexpression" refers to the production of a
gene product in transgenic organisms that exceeds levels of
production in normal or non-transformed organisms. "Co-suppression"
refers to the production of sense RNA transcripts capable of
suppressing the expression of identical or substantially similar
foreign or endogenous genes (U.S. Pat. No. 5,231,020, incorporated
herein by reference).
[0038] "Altered levels" refers to the production of gene product(s)
in transgenic organisms in amounts or proportions that differ from
that of normal or non-transformed organisms.
[0039] "Mature" protein refers to a post-translationally processed
polypeptide; i.e., one from which any pre- or propeptides present
in the primary translation product have been removed. "Precursor"
protein refers to the primary product of translation of mRNA; i.e.,
with pre- and propeptides still present. Pre- and propeptides may
be but are not limited to intracellular localization signals.
[0040] A "chloroplast transit peptide" is an amino acid sequence
which is translated in conjunction with a protein and directs the
protein to the chloroplast or other plastid types present in the
cell in which the protein is made. "Chloroplast transit sequence"
refers to a nucleotide sequence that encodes a chloroplast transit
peptide. A "signal peptide" is an amino acid sequence which is
translated in conjunction with a protein and directs the protein to
the secretory system (Chrispeels (1991) Ann. Rev. Plant Phys. Plant
Mol. Biol. 42:21-53). If the protein is to be directed to a
vacuole, a vacuolar targeting signal (supra) can further be added,
or if to the endoplasmic reticulum, an endoplasmic reticulum
retention signal (supra) may be added. If the protein is to be
directed to the nucleus, any signal peptide present should be
removed and instead a nuclear localization signal included (Raikhel
(1992) Plant Phys. 100:1-627-1632).
[0041] "Transformation" refers to the transfer of a nucleic acid
fragment into the genome of a host organism, resulting in
genetically stable inheritance. Host organisms containing the
transformed nucleic acid fragments are referred to as "transgenic"
organisms. Examples of methods of plant transformation include
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (De Blaere et al. (1987)
Meth. Enzymol. 143:277) and particle-accelerated or "gene gun"
transformation technology (Klein et al. (1987) Nature (London)
327:70-73; U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,050, incorporated herein by
reference).
[0042] Standard recombinant DNA and molecular cloning techniques
used herein are well known in the art and are described more fully
in Sambrook et al. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual; Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, 1989
(hereinafter "Maniatis").
[0043] Nucleic acid fragments encoding at least a portion of
several ammonium transporters have been isolated and identified by
comparison of random plant cDNA sequences to public databases
containing nucleotide and protein sequences using the BLAST
algorithms well known to those skilled in the art. The nucleic acid
fragments of the instant invention may be used to isolate cDNAs and
genes encoding homologous proteins from the same or other plant
species. Isolation of homologous genes using sequence-dependent
protocols is well known in the art. Examples of sequence-dependent
protocols include, but are not limited to, methods of nucleic acid
hybridization, and methods of DNA and RNA amplification as
exemplified by various uses of nucleic acid amplification
technologies (e.g., polymerase chain reaction, ligase chain
reaction).
[0044] For example, genes encoding other high affinity ammonium
transporters or ammonium transporters, either as cDNAs or genomic
DNAs, could be isolated directly by using all or a portion of the
instant nucleic acid fragments as DNA hybridization probes to
screen libraries from any desired plant employing methodology well
known to those skilled in the art. Specific oligonucleotide probes
based upon the instant nucleic acid sequences can be designed and
synthesized by methods known in the art (Maniatis). Moreover, the
entire sequences can be used directly to synthesize DNA probes by
methods known to the skilled artisan such as random primer DNA
labeling, nick translation, or end-labeling techniques, or RNA
probes using available in vitro transcription systems. In addition,
specific primers can be designed and used to amplify a part or all
of the instant sequences. The resulting amplification products can
be labeled directly during amplification reactions or labeled after
amplification reactions, and used as probes to isolate full length
cDNA or genomic fragments under conditions of appropriate
stringency.
[0045] In addition, two short segments of the instant nucleic acid
fragments may be used in polymerase chain reaction protocols to
amplify longer nucleic acid fragments encoding homologous genes
from DNA or RNA. The polymerase chain reaction may also be
performed on a library of cloned nucleic acid fragments wherein the
sequence of one primer is derived from the instant nucleic acid
fragments, and the sequence of the other primer takes advantage of
the presence of the polyadenylic acid tracts to the 3' end of the
mRNA precursor encoding plant genes. Alternatively, the second
primer sequence may be based upon sequences derived from the
cloning vector. For example, the skilled artisan can follow the
RACE protocol (Frohman et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
85:8998-9002) to generate cDNAs by using PCR to amplify copies of
the region between a single point in the transcript and the 3' or
5' end. Primers oriented in the 3' and 5' directions can be
designed from the instant sequences. Using commercially available
3' RACE or 5' RACE systems (BRL), specific 3' or 5' cDNA fragments
can be isolated (Ohara et al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
86:5673-5677; Loh et al. (1989) Science 243:217-220). Products
generated by the 3' and 5' RACE procedures can be combined to
generate full-length cDNAs (Frohman and Martin (1989) Techniques
1:165). Consequently, a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide
sequence of at least 30 contiguous nucleotides derived from a
nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and the complement of such nucleotide
sequences may be used in methods of obtaining a nucleic acid
fragment encoding a substantial portion of an amino acid sequence
encoding an ammonium transporter.
[0046] Availability of the instant nucleotide and deduced amino
acid sequences facilitates immunological screening of cDNA
expression libraries. Synthetic peptides representing portions of
the instant amino acid sequences may be synthesized. These peptides
can be used to immunize animals to produce polyclonal or monoclonal
antibodies with specificity for peptides or proteins comprising the
amino acid sequences. These antibodies can be then be used to
screen cDNA expression libraries to isolate full-length cDNA clones
of interest (Lerner (1984) Adv. Immunol. 36: 1; Maniatis).
[0047] The nucleic acid fragments of the instant invention may be
used to create transgenic plants in which the disclosed
polypeptides are present at higher or lower levels than normal or
in cell types or developmental stages in which they are not
normally found. This would have the effect of altering the level of
nitrogen transport and accumulation in those cells. Nitrogen
deficiency in plants results in stunted growth, and many times in
slender and often woody stems. In many plants the first signal of
nitrogen deficiency is chlorosis (yellowing of the leaves).
[0048] Overexpression of the proteins of the instant invention may
be accomplished by first making a recombinant DNA construct in
which the coding region is operably linked to a promoter capable of
directing expression of a gene in the desired tissues at the
desired stage of development. For reasons of convenience, the
recombinant DNA construct may comprise promoter sequences and
translation leader sequences derived from the same genes. 3'
Non-coding sequences encoding transcription termination signals may
also be provided. The t instant recombinant DNA construct may also
comprise one or more introns in order to facilitate gene
expression.
[0049] Plasmid vectors comprising the instant recombinant DNA
construct can then be made. The choice of plasmid vector is
dependent upon the method that will be used to transform host
plants. The skilled artisan is well aware of the genetic elements
that must be present on the plasmid vector in order to successfully
transform, select and propagate host cells containing the
recombinant DNA construct. The skilled artisan will also recognize
that different independent transformation events will result in
different levels and patterns of expression (Jones et al. (1985)
EMBO J. 4:2411-2418; De Almeida et al. (1989) Mol. Gen. Genetics
218:78-86), and thus that multiple events must be screened in order
to obtain lines displaying the desired expression level and
pattern. Such screening may be accomplished by Southern analysis of
DNA, Northern analysis of mRNA expression, Western analysis of
protein expression, or phenotypic analysis.
[0050] For some applications it may be useful to direct the instant
polypeptides to different cellular compartments, or to facilitate
its secretion from the cell. It is thus envisioned that the
recombinant DNA construct described above may be further
supplemented by altering the coding sequence to encode the instant
polypeptides with appropriate intracellular targeting sequences
such as transit sequences (Keegstra (1989) Cell 56:247-253), signal
sequences or sequences encoding endoplasmic reticulum localization
(Chrispeels (1991) Ann. Rev. Plant Phys. Plant Mol. Biol.
42:21-53), or nuclear localization signals (Raikhel (1992) Plant
Phys. 100:1627-1632) added and/or with targeting sequences that are
already present removed. While the references cited give examples
of each of these, the list is not exhaustive and more targeting
signals of utility may be discovered in the future.
[0051] It may also be desirable to reduce or eliminate expression
of genes encoding the instant polypeptides in plants for some
applications. In order to accomplish this, a recombinant DNA
construct designed for co-suppression of the instant polypeptide
can be constructed by linking a gene or gene fragment encoding that
polypeptide to plant promoter sequences. Alternatively, a
recombinant DNA construct designed to express antisense RNA for all
or part of the instant nucleic acid fragment can be constructed by
linking the gene or gene fragment in reverse orientation to plant
promoter sequences. Either the co-suppression or antisense
recombinant DNA constructs could be introduced into plants via
transformation wherein expression of the corresponding endogenous
genes are reduced or eliminated.
[0052] Molecular genetic solutions to the generation of plants with
altered gene expression have a decided advantage over more
traditional plant breeding approaches. Changes in plant phenotypes
can be produced by specifically inhibiting expression of one or
more genes by antisense inhibition or cosuppression (U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,190,931, 5,107,065 and 5,283,323). An antisense or cosuppression
construct would act as a dominant negative regulator of gene
activity. While conventional mutations can yield negative
regulation of gene activity these effects are most likely
recessive. The dominant negative regulation available with a
transgenic approach may be advantageous from a breeding
perspective. In addition, the ability to restrict the expression of
specific phenotype to the reproductive tissues of the plant by the
use of tissue specific promoters may confer agronomic advantages
relative to conventional mutations which may have an effect in all
tissues in which a mutant gene is ordinarily expressed.
[0053] The person skilled in the art will know that special
considerations are associated with the use of antisense or
cosuppression technologies in order to reduce expression of
particular genes. For example, the proper level of expression of
sense or antisense genes may require the use of different
recombinant DNA constructs utilizing different regulatory elements
known to the skilled artisan. Once transgenic plants are obtained
by one of the methods described above, it will be necessary to
screen individual transgenics for those that most effectively
display the desired phenotype. Accordingly, the skilled artisan
will develop methods for screening large numbers of transformants.
The nature of these screens will generally be chosen on practical
grounds, and is not an inherent part of the invention. For example,
one can screen by looking for changes in gene expression by using
antibodies specific for the protein encoded by the gene being
suppressed, or one could establish assays that specifically measure
enzyme activity. A preferred method will be one which allows large
numbers of samples to be processed rapidly, since it will be
expected that a large number of transformants will be negative for
the desired phenotype.
[0054] The instant polypeptides (or portions thereof) may be
produced in heterologous host cells, particularly in the cells of
microbial hosts, and can be used to prepare antibodies to the these
proteins by methods well known to those skilled in the art. The
antibodies are useful for detecting the polypeptides of the instant
invention in situ in cells or in vitro in cell extracts. Preferred
heterologous host cells for production of the instant polypeptides
are microbial hosts. Microbial expression systems and expression
vectors containing regulatory sequences that direct high level
expression of foreign proteins are well known to those skilled in
the art. Any of these could be used to construct a recombinant DNA
construct for production of the instant polypeptides. This
recombinant DNA construct could then be introduced into appropriate
microorganisms via transformation to provide high level expression
of the encoded ammonium transporter. An example of a vector for
high level expression of the instant polypeptides in a bacterial
host is provided (Example 7).
[0055] Additionally, the instant polypeptides can be used as
targets to facilitate design and/or identification of inhibitors of
those enzymes that may be useful as herbicides. This is desirable
because the polypeptides described herein catalyze various steps in
nitrogen uptake. Accordingly, inhibition of the activity of one or
more of the enzymes described herein could lead to inhibition of
plant growth. Thus, the instant polypeptides could be appropriate
for new herbicide discovery and design.
[0056] All or a substantial portion of the nucleic acid fragments
of the instant invention may also be used as probes for genetically
and physically mapping the genes that they are a part of, and as
markers for traits linked to those genes. Such information may be
useful in plant breeding in order to develop lines with desired
phenotypes. For example, the instant nucleic acid fragments may be
used as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers.
Southern blots (Maniatis) of restriction-digested plant genomic DNA
may be probed with the nucleic acid fragments of the instant
invention. The resulting banding patterns may then be subjected to
genetic analyses using computer programs such as MapMaker (Lander
et al. (1987) Genomics 1:174-181) in order to construct a genetic
map. In addition, the nucleic acid fragments of the instant
invention may be used to probe Southern blots containing
restriction endonuclease-treated genomic DNAs of a set of
individuals representing parent and progeny of a defined genetic
cross. Segregation of the DNA polymorphisms is noted and used to
calculate the position of the instant nucleic acid sequence in the
genetic map previously obtained using this population (Botstein et
al. (1980) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 32:314-331).
[0057] The production and use of plant gene-derived probes for use
in genetic mapping is described in Bematzky and Tanksley (1986)
Plant Mol. Biol. Reporter 4(1):37-41. Numerous publications
describe genetic mapping of specific cDNA clones using the
methodology outlined above or variations thereof. For example, F2
intercross populations, backcross populations, randomly mated
populations, near isogenic lines, and other sets of individuals may
be used for mapping. Such methodologies are well known to those
skilled in the art.
[0058] Nucleic acid probes derived from the instant nucleic acid
sequences may also be used for physical mapping (i.e., placement of
sequences on physical maps; see Hoheisel et al. In: Nonmammalian
Genomic Analysis: A Practical Guide, Academic press 1996, pp.
319-346, and references cited therein).
[0059] In another embodiment, nucleic acid probes derived from the
instant nucleic acid sequences may be used in direct fluorescence
in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping (Trask (1991) Trends Genet.
7:149-154). Although current methods of FISH mapping favor use of
large clones (several to several hundred KB; see Laan et al. (1995)
Genome Research 5:13-20), improvements in sensitivity may allow
performance of FISH mapping using shorter probes.
[0060] A variety of nucleic acid amplification-based methods of
genetic and physical mapping may be carried out using the instant
nucleic acid sequences. Examples include allele-specific
amplification (Kazazian (1989) J. Lab Clin. Med. 11:95-96),
polymorphism of PCR-amplified fragments (CAPS; Sheffield et al.
(1993) Genomics 16:325-332), allele-specific ligation (Landegren et
al. (1988) Science 241:1077-1080), nucleotide extension reactions
(Sokolov (1990) Nucleic Acid Res. 18:3671), Radiation Hybrid
Mapping (Walter et al. (1997) Nature Genetics 7:22-28) and Happy
Mapping (Dear and Cook (1989) Nucleic Acid Res. 17:6795-6807). For
these methods, the sequence of a nucleic acid fragment is used to
design and produce primer pairs for use in the amplification
reaction or in primer extension reactions. The design of such
primers is well known to those skilled in the art. In methods
employing PCR-based genetic mapping, it may be necessary to
identify DNA sequence differences between the parents of the
mapping cross in the region corresponding to the instant nucleic
acid sequence. This, however, is generally not necessary for
mapping methods.
[0061] Loss of function mutant phenotypes may be identified for the
instant cDNA clones either by targeted gene disruption protocols or
by identifying specific mutants for these genes contained in a
maize population carrying mutations in all possible genes
(Ballinger and Benzer (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA
86:9402-9406; Koes et al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA
92:8149-8153; Bensen et al. (1995) Plant Cell 7:75-84). The latter
approach may be accomplished in two ways. First, short segments of
the instant nucleic acid fragments may be used in polymerase chain
reaction protocols in conjunction with a mutation tag sequence
primer on DNAs prepared from a population of plants in which
Mutator transposons or some other mutation-causing DNA element has
been introduced (see Bensen, supra). The amplification of a
specific DNA fragment with these primers indicates the insertion of
the mutation tag element in or near the plant gene encoding the
instant polypeptides. Alternatively, the instant nucleic acid
fragment may be used as a hybridization probe against PCR
amplification products generated from the mutation population using
the mutation tag sequence primer in conjunction with an arbitrary
genomic site primer, such as that for a restriction enzyme
site-anchored synthetic adaptor. With either method, a plant
containing a mutation in the endogenous gene encoding the instant
polypeptides can be identified and obtained. This mutant plant can
then be used to determine or confirm the natural function of the
instant polypeptides disclosed herein.
EXAMPLES
[0062] The present invention is further defined in the following
Examples, in which all parts and percentages are by weight and
degrees are Celsius, unless otherwise stated. It should be
understood that these Examples, while indicating preferred
embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration
only. From the above discussion and these Examples, one skilled in
the art can ascertain the essential characteristics of this
invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof,
can make various changes and modifications of the invention to
adapt it to various usages and conditions.
Example 1
Composition of cDNA Libraries; Isolation and Sequencing of cDNA
Clones
[0063] cDNA libraries representing mRNAs from various corn, rice,
soybean and wheat tissues were prepared. The characteristics of the
libraries are described below. TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 cDNA
Libraries from Corn, Rice, Soybean and Wheat Library Tissue Clone
cr1n Corn Root From 7 Day Old Seedlings* cr1n.pk0169.g8 cnr1c
Plants were Nitrogen starved until all cnr1c.pk002.e24.f:fis seed
reserves were depleted of a Nitrogen source. Plants were induced
with addition of Nitrogen, then samples were collected at 30 min-1
hr and 2 hr after Nitrogen. p0126 Corn Leaf Tissue From V8-V10
p0126.cnlds55r Stages**, Night-Harvested, Pooled rl0n Rice 15 Day
Old Leaf* rl0n.pk083.f9 sfl1 Soybean Immature Flower
sfl1.pk0070.e12 src3c Soybean 8 Day Old Root Infected
src3c.pk003.h14 With Cyst Nematode wlk8 Wheat Seedlings 8 Hours
After wlk8.pk0013.b6 Treatment With Herbicide*** Wlm12 Wheat
Seedlings 12 Hours After wlm12.pk0020.b10 Inoculation With Erysiphe
graminis f. sp tritici *These libraries were normalized essentially
as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,482,845, incorporated herein by
reference. **Corn developmental stages are explained in the
publication "How a corn plant develops" from the Iowa State
University Coop. Ext. Service Special Report No. 48 reprinted June
1993. ***Application of
6-iodo-2-propoxy-3-propyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone; synthesis and
methods of using this compound are described in USSN 08/545,827,
incorporated herein by reference.
[0064] cDNA libraries may be prepared by any one of many methods
available. For example, the cDNAs may be introduced into plasmid
vectors by first preparing the cDNA libraries in Uni-ZAP.TM. XR
vectors according to the manufacturer's protocol (Stratagene
Cloning Systems, La Jolla, Calif.). The Uni-ZAP.TM. XR libraries
are converted into plasmid libraries according to the protocol
provided by Stratagene. Upon conversion, cDNA inserts will be
contained in the plasmid vector pBluescript. In addition, the cDNAs
may be introduced directly into precut Bluescript II SK(+) vectors
(Stratagene) using T4 DNA ligase (New England Biolabs), followed by
transfection into DH 10B cells according to the manufacturer's
protocol (GIBCO BRL Products). Once the cDNA inserts are in
plasmid, vectors, plasmid DNAs are prepared from randomly picked
bacterial colonies containing recombinant pBluescript plasmids, or
the insert cDNA sequences are amplified via polymerase chain
reaction using primers specific for vector sequences flanking the
inserted cDNA sequences. Amplified insert DNAs or plasmid DNAs are
sequenced in dye-primer sequencing reactions to generate partial
cDNA sequences (expressed sequence tags or "ESTs"; see Adams et
al., (1991) Science 252:1651-1656). The resulting ESTs are analyzed
using a Perkin Elmer Model 377 fluorescent sequencer.
Example 2
Identification of cDNA Clones
[0065] cDNA clones encoding ammonium transporters were identified
by conducting BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; Altschul et
al. (1993) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410;) searches for similarity to
sequences contained in the BLAST "nr" database (comprising all
non-redundant GenBank CDS translations, sequences derived from the
3-dimensional structure Brookhaven Protein Data Bank, the last
major release of the SWISS-PROT protein sequence database, EMBL,
and DDBJ databases). The cDNA sequences obtained in Example 1 were
analyzed for similarity to all publicly available DNA sequences
contained in the "nr" database using the BLASTN algorithm provided
by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The
DNA sequences were translated in all reading frames and compared
for similarity to all publicly available protein sequences
contained in the "nr" database using the BLASTX algorithm (Gish and
States (1993) Nature Genetics 3:266-272) provided by the NCBI. For
convenience, the P-value (probability) of observing a match of a
cDNA sequence to a sequence contained in the searched databases
merely by chance as calculated by BLAST are reported herein as
"pLog" values, which represent the negative of the logarithm of the
reported P-value. Accordingly, the greater the pLog value, the
greater the likelihood that the cDNA sequence and the BLAST "hit"
represent homologous proteins.
Example 3
Characterization of cDNA Clones Encoding High Affinity Ammonium
Transporter
[0066] The BLASTX search using the EST sequences from clones listed
in Table 3 revealed similarity of the polypeptides encoded by the
cDNAs to high affinity ammonium transporter from Oryza sativa and
Arabidopsis thaliana (NCBI General Identifier Nos. 2160782 and
1703292, respectively). Shown in Table 3 are the BLAST results for
the sequences of the entire cDNA inserts comprising the indicated
cDNA clones ("FIS"): TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 BLAST Results for
Sequences Encoding Polypeptides Homologous to High Affinity
Ammonium Transporter NCBI General Clone Status Identifier No. BLAST
pLog Score cr1n.pk0169.g8 FIS 2160782 72.50 cnr1c.pk002.e24.f:fis
CGS 32488298 215.40 sfl1.pk0070.e12 FIS 1703292 254.00
wlm12.pk0020.b10 FIS 2160782 254.00
[0067] Nucleotides 6 through 272 from clone wlm12.pk0020.b10 are
91% identical to nucleotides 64 through 330 of a 334 nucleotide
rice EST having NCBI General Identifier No. 568344. Nucleotides 6
through 98 from clone wlm12.pk0020.b10 are 90% identical to
nucleotides 71 through 163 of a 305 nucleotide rice EST having NCBI
General Identifier No. 2309655. Nucleotides 116 through 236 from
clone wlml2.pk0020.b10 are 93% identical to nucleotides 181 through
301 of a 305 nucleotide rice EST having NCBI General Identifier No.
2309655. Nucleotides 1 through 1753 from clone
cnrlc.pk002.e24.f:fis are 83% identical to nucleotides 5 through
1768 of a 2044 nucleotide rice sequence having NCBI General
Identifier No. 32983741.
[0068] The data in Table 4 represents a calculation of the percent
identity of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs:2, 4,
6 and 16 and the Oryza sativa sequences (NCBI General Identifier
Nos. 2160782 and 32488298 and the Arabidopsis thaliana sequence
(NCBI General Identifier No 1703292) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Percent
Identity of Amino Acid Sequences Deduced From the Nucleotide
Sequences of cDNA Clones Encoding Polypeptides Homologous to High
Affinity Ammonium Transporter Percent Identity to SEQ ID NO.
2160782 1703292 32488298 2 70.5 59.6 84.8 4 66.2 77.8 72.5 6 83.6
72.7 91.3 16 84.0 72.5 91.8
[0069] Sequence alignments and percent identity calculations were
performed using the Megalign program of the LASERGENE
bioinformatics computing suite (DNASTAR Inc., Madison, Wis.).
Multiple alignment of the sequences was performed using the Clustal
method of alignment (Higgins and Sharp (1989) CABIOS. 5:151-153)
with the default parameters (GAP PENALTY=10, GAP LENGTH
PENALTY=10). Default parameters for pairwise alignments using the
Clustal method were KTUPLE 1, GAP PENALTY=3, WINDOW=5 and DIAGONALS
SAVED=5. Sequence alignments and BLAST scores and probabilities
indicate that the nucleic acid fragments comprising the instant
cDNA clones encode a portion of a corn, an entire soybean and an
entire wheat high affinity ammonium transporter. These sequences
represent the first corn, soybean and wheat sequences encoding high
affinity ammonium transporter.
Example 4
Characterization of cDNA Clones Encoding Ammonium Transporter
[0070] The BLASTX search using the EST sequences from clones listed
in Table 5 revealed similarity of the polypeptides encoded by the
cDNAs to ammonium transporter from Arabidopsis thaliana (NCBI
General Identifier No. 3335376). Shown in Table 5 are the BLAST
results for individual ESTs ("EST"), or the sequences of the entire
cDNA inserts comprising the indicated cDNA clones ("FIS"):
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 BLAST Results for Sequences Encoding
Polypeptides Homologous to Ammonium Transporter BLAST Clone Status
3335376 pLog Score p0126.cnlds55r EST 28.30 rl0n.pk083.f9 FIS
254.00 src3c.pk003.h14 FIS 254.00 wlk8.pk0013.b6 FIS 254.00
[0071] The data in Table 6 represents a calculation of the percent
identity of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs:8, 10,
12 and 14 and the Arabidopsis thaliana sequence (NCBI General
Identifier No. 3335376). TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Percent Identity of
Amino Acid Sequences Deduced From the Nucleotide Sequences of cDNA
Clones Encoding Polypeptides Homologous to Ammonium Transporter
Percent Identity to SEQ ID NO. 3335376 8 76.2 10 68.2 12 75.6 14
64.0
[0072] Sequence alignments and percent identity calculations were
performed using the Megalign program of the LASERGENE
bioinformatics computing suite (DNASTAR Inc., Madison, Wis.).
Multiple alignment of the sequences was performed using the Clustal
method of alignment (Higgins and Sharp (1989) CABIOS. 5:151-153)
with the default parameters (GAP PENALTY=10, GAP LENGTH
PENALTY=10). Default parameters for pairwise aligrunents using the
Clustal method were KTUPLE 1, GAP PENALTY=3, WINDOW=5 and DIAGONALS
SAVED=5. Sequence alignments and BLAST scores and probabilities
indicate that the nucleic acid fragments comprising the instant
cDNA clones encode a portion of a corn, an entire rice, an entire
soybean, and an entire wheat ammonium transporter. These sequences
represent the first corn, rice, soybean and wheat sequences
encoding ammonium transporters.
Example 5
Expression of Recombinant DNA Constructs in Monocot Cells
[0073] A recombinant DNA construct comprising a cDNA encoding the
instant polypeptides in sense orientation with respect to the maize
27 kD zein promoter that is located 5' to the cDNA fragment, and
the 10 kD zein 3' end that is located 3' to the cDNA fragment, can
be constructed. The cDNA fragment of this gene may be generated by
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cDNA clone using appropriate
oligonucleotide primers. Cloning sites (NcoI or SmaI) can be
incorporated into the oligonucleotides to provide proper
orientation of the DNA fragment when inserted into the digested
vector pML103 as described below. Amplification is then performed
in a standard PCR. The amplified DNA is then digested with
restriction enzymes NcoI and SmaI and fractionated on an agarose
gel. The appropriate band can be isolated from the gel and combined
with a 4.9 kb NcoI-SmaI fragment of the plasmid pML103. Plasmid
pML103 has been deposited under the terms of the Budapest Treaty at
ATCC (American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Blvd.,
Manassas, Va. 20110-2209), and bears accession number ATCC 97366.
The DNA segment from pML103 contains a 1.05 kb SalI-NcoI promoter
fragment of the maize 27 kD zein gene and a 0.96 kb SmaI-SalI
fragment from the 3' end of the maize 10 kD zein gene in the vector
pGem9Zf(+) (Promega). Vector and insert DNA can be ligated at
15.degree. C. overnight, essentially as described (Maniatis). The
ligated DNA may then be used to transform E. coli XLl-Blue
(Epicurian Coli XL-1 Blue.TM.; Stratagene). Bacterial transformants
can be screened by restriction enzyme digestion of plasmid DNA and
limited nucleotide sequence analysis using the dideoxy chain
termination method (Sequenase.TM. DNA Sequencing Kit; U.S.
Biochemical). The resulting plasmid construct would comprise a
recombinant DNA construct encoding, in the 5' to 3' direction, the
maize 27 kD zein promoter, a cDNA fragment encoding the instant
polypeptides, and the 10 kD zein 3' region.
[0074] The recombinant DNA construct described above can then be
introduced into corn cells by the following procedure. Immature
corn embryos can be dissected from developing caryopses derived
from crosses of the inbred corn lines H99 and LH132. The embryos
are isolated 10 to 11 days after pollination when they are 1.0 to
1.5 mm long. The embryos are then placed with the axis-side facing
down and in contact with agarose-solidified N6 medium (Chu et al.
(1975) Sci. Sin. Peking 18:659-668). The embryos are kept in the
dark at 27.degree. C. Friable embryogenic callus consisting of
undifferentiated masses of cells with somatic proembryoids and
embryoids borne on suspensor structures proliferates from the
scutellum of these immature embryos. The embryogenic callus
isolated from the primary explant can be cultured on N6 medium and
sub-cultured on this medium every 2 to 3 weeks.
[0075] The plasmid, p35S/Ac (obtained from Dr. Peter Eckes, Hoechst
Ag, Frankfurt, Germany) may be used in transformation experiments
in order to provide for a selectable marker. This plasmid contains
the Pat gene (see European Patent Publication 0 242 236) which
encodes phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT). The enzyme PAT
confers resistance to herbicidal glutamine synthetase inhibitors
such as phosphinothricin. The pat gene in p35S/Ac is under the
control of the 35S promoter from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (Odell et
al. (1985) Nature 313:810-812) and the 3' region of the nopaline
synthase gene from the T-DNA of the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium
tumefaciens.
[0076] The particle bombardment method (Klein et al. (1987) Nature
327:70-73) may be used to transfer genes to the callus culture
cells. According to this method, gold particles (1 .mu.m in
diameter) are coated with DNA using the following technique. Ten
.mu.g of plasmid DNAs are added to 50 .mu.L of a suspension of gold
particles (60 mg per mL). Calcium chloride (50 .mu.L of a 2.5 M
solution) and spermidine free base (20 .mu.L of a 1.0 M solution)
are added to the particles. The suspension is vortexed during the
addition of these solutions. After 10 minutes, the tubes are
briefly centrifuged (5 sec at 15,000 rpm) and the supernatant
removed. The particles are resuspended in 200 .mu.L of absolute
ethanol, centrifuged again and the supernatant removed. The ethanol
rinse is performed again and the particles resuspended in a final
volume of 30 .mu.L of ethanol. An aliquot (5 .mu.L) of the
DNA-coated gold particles can be placed in the center of a
Kapton.TM. flying disc (Bio-Rad Labs). The particles are then
accelerated into the corn tissue with a Biolistic.TM. PDS-1000/He
(Bio-Rad Instruments, Hercules Calif.), using a helium pressure of
1000 psi, a gap distance of 0.5 cm and a flying distance of 1.0
cm.
[0077] For bombardment, the embryogenic tissue is placed on filter
paper over agarose-solidified N6 medium. The tissue is arranged as
a thin lawn and covered a circular area of about 5 cm in diameter.
The petri dish containing the tissue can be placed in the chamber
of the PDS-1000/He approximately 8 cm from the stopping screen. The
air in the chamber is then evacuated to a vacuum of 28 inches of
Hg. The macrocarrier is accelerated with a helium shock wave using
a rupture membrane that bursts when the He pressure in the shock
tube reaches 1000 psi.
[0078] Seven days after bombardment the tissue can be transferred
to N6 medium that contains gluphosinate (2 mg per liter) and lacks
casein or proline. The tissue continues to grow slowly on this
medium. After an additional 2 weeks the tissue can be transferred
to fresh N6 medium containing gluphosinate. After 6 weeks, areas of
about 1 cm in diameter of actively growing callus can be identified
on some of the plates containing the glufosinate-supplemented
medium. These calli may continue to grow when sub-cultured on the
selective medium.
[0079] Plants can be regenerated from the transgenic callus by
first transferring clusters of tissue to N6 medium supplemented
with 0.2 mg per liter of 2,4-D. After two weeks the tissue can be
transferred to regeneration medium (Fromm et al. (1990)
Bio/Technology 8:833-839).
Example 6
Expression of Recombinant DNA Constructs in Dicot Cells
[0080] A seed-specific expression cassette composed of the promoter
and transcription terminator from the gene encoding the .beta.
subunit of the seed storage protein phaseolin from the bean
Phaseolus vulgaris (Doyle et al. (1986) J. Biol. Chem.
261:9228-9238) can be used for expression of the instant
polypeptides in transformed soybean. The phaseolin cassette
includes about 500 nucleotides upstream (5') from the translation
initiation codon and about 1650 nucleotides downstream (3') from
the translation stop codon of phaseolin. Between the 5' and 3'
regions are the unique restriction endonuclease sites Nco I (which
includes the ATG translation initiation codon), Sma I, Kpn I and
Xba I. The entire cassette is flanked by Hind III sites.
[0081] The cDNA fragment of this gene may be generated by
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cDNA clone using appropriate
oligonucleotide primers. Cloning sites can be incorporated into the
oligonucleotides to provide proper orientation of the DNA fragment
when inserted into the expression vector. Amplification is then
performed as described above, and the isolated fragment is inserted
into a pUC 18 vector carrying the seed expression cassette.
[0082] Soybean embroys may then be transformed with the expression
vector comprising sequences encoding the instant polypeptides. To
induce somatic embryos, cotyledons, 3-5 mm in length dissected from
surface sterilized, immature seeds of the soybean cultivar A2872,
can be cultured in the light or dark at 26.degree. C. on an
appropriate agar medium for 6-10 weeks. Somatic embryos which
produce secondary embryos are then excised and placed into a
suitable liquid medium. After repeated selection for clusters of
somatic embryos which multiplied as early, globular staged embryos,
the suspensions are maintained as described below.
[0083] Soybean embryogenic suspension cultures can maintained in 35
mL liquid media on a rotary shaker, 150 rpm, at 26.degree. C. with
florescent lights on a 16:8 hour day/night schedule. Cultures are
subcultured every two weeks by inoculating approximately 35 mg of
tissue into 35 mL of liquid medium.
[0084] Soybean embryogenic suspension cultures may then be
transformed by the method of particle gun bombardment (Klein et al.
(1987) Nature (London) 327:70-73, U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,050). A
DuPont Biolistic.TM. PDS 1000/HE instrument (helium retrofit) can
be used for these transformations.
[0085] A selectable marker gene which can be used to facilitate
soybean transformation is a recombinant DNA construct composed of
the 35S promoter from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (Odell et al. (1985)
Nature 313:810-812), the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene from
plasmid pJR225 (from E. coli; Gritz et al. (1983) Gene 25:179-188)
and the 3' region of the nopaline synthase gene from the T-DNA of
the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The seed expression
cassette comprising the phaseolin 5' region, the fragment encoding
the instant polypeptides and the phaseolin 3' region can be
isolated as a restriction fragment. This fragment can then be
inserted into a unique restriction site of the vector carrying the
marker gene.
[0086] To 50 .mu.L of a 60 mg/mL 1 .mu.m gold particle suspension
is added (in order): 5 .mu.L DNA (1 .mu.g/.mu.L), 20 .mu.l
spermidine (0.1 M), and 50 .mu.L CaCl.sub.2 (2.5 M). The particle
preparation is then agitated for three minutes, spun in a microfuge
for 10 seconds and the supernatant removed. The DNA-coated
particles are then washed once in 400 .mu.L 70% ethanol and
resuspended in 40 .mu.L of anhydrous ethanol. The DNA/particle
suspension can be sonicated three times for one second each. Five
.mu.L of the DNA-coated gold particles are then loaded on each
macro carrier disk.
[0087] Approximately 300-400 mg of a two-week-old suspension
culture is placed in an empty 60.times.15 mm petri dish and the
residual liquid removed from the tissue with a pipette. For each
transformation experiment, approximately 5-10 plates of tissue are
normally bombarded. Membrane rupture pressure is set at r 100 psi
and the chamber is evacuated to a vacuum of 28 inches mercury. The
tissue is placed approximately 3.5 inches away from the retaining
screen and bombarded three times. Following bombardment, the tissue
can be divided in half and placed back into liquid and cultured as
described above.
[0088] Five to seven days post bombardment, the liquid media may be
exchanged with fresh media, and eleven to twelve days post
bombardment with fresh media containing 50 mg/mL hygromycin. This
selective media can be refreshed weekly. Seven to eight weeks post
bombardment, green, transformed tissue may be observed growing from
untransformed, necrotic embryogenic clusters. Isolated green tissue
is removed and inoculated into individual flasks to generate new,
clonally propagated, transformed embryogenic suspension cultures.
Each new line may be treated as an independent transformation
event. These suspensions can then be subcultured and maintained as
clusters of immature embryos or regenerated into whole plants by
maturation and germination of individual somatic embryos.
Example 7
Expression of Recombinant DNA Construct in Microbial Cells
[0089] The cDNAs encoding the instant polypeptides can be inserted
into the T7 E. coli expression vector pBT430. This vector is a
derivative of pET-3a (Rosenberg et al. (1987) Gene 56:125-135)
which employs the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase/T7 promoter
system. Plasmid pBT430 was constructed by first destroying the EcoR
I and Hind III sites in pET-3a at their original positions. An
oligonucleotide adaptor containing EcoR I and Hind III sites was
inserted at the BamH I site of pET-3a. This created pET-3aM with
additional unique cloning sites for insertion of genes into the
expression vector. Then, the Nde I site at the position of
translation initiation was converted to an Nco I site using
oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The DNA sequence of pET-3aM
in this region, 5'-CATATGG, was converted to 5'-CCCATGG in
pBT430.
[0090] Plasmid DNA containing a cDNA may be appropriately digested
to release a nucleic acid fragment encoding the protein. This
fragment may then be purified on a 1% NuSieve GTG.TM. low melting
agarose gel (FMC). Buffer and agarose contain 10 .mu.g/ml ethidium
bromide for visualization of the DNA fragment. The fragment can
then be purified from the agarose gel by digestion with GELase.TM.
(Epicentre Technologies) according to the manufacturer's
instructions, ethanol precipitated, dried and resuspended in 20
.mu.L of water. Appropriate oligonucleotide adapters may be ligated
to the fragment using T4 DNA ligase (New England Biolabs, Beverly,
Mass.). The fragment containing the ligated adapters can be
purified from the excess adapters using low melting agarose as
described above. The vector pBT430 is digested, dephosphorylated
with alkaline phosphatase (NEB) and deproteinized with
phenol/chloroform as described above. The prepared vector pBT430
and fragment can then be ligated at 16.degree. C. for 15 hours
followed by transformation into DH5 electrocompetent cells (GIBCO
BRL). Transformants can be selected on agar plates containing LB
media and 100 .mu.g/mL ampicillin. Transformants containing the
gene encoding the instant polypeptides are then screened for the
correct orientation with respect to the T7 promoter by restriction
enzyme analysis.
[0091] For high level expression, a plasmid clone with the cDNA
insert in the correct orientation relative to the T7 promoter can
be transformed into E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) (Studier et al.
(1986) J. Mol. Biol. 189:113-130). Cultures are grown in LB medium
containing ampicillin (100 mg/L) at 25.degree. C. At an optical
density at 600 nm of approximately 1, IPTG
(isopropylthio-.beta.-galactoside, the inducer) can be added to a
final concentration of 0.4 mM and incubation can be continued for 3
h at 25.degree.. Cells are then harvested by centrifugation and
re-suspended in 50 .mu.L of 50 mM Tris-HCl at pH 8.0 containing 0.1
mM DTT and 0.2 mM phenyl methylsulfonyl fluoride. A small amount of
1 mm glass beads can be added and the mixture sonicated 3 times for
about 5 seconds each time with a microprobe sonicator. The mixture
is centrifuged and the protein concentration of the supernatant
determined. One .mu.g of protein from the soluble fraction of the
culture can be separated by SDS-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis.
Gels can be observed for protein bands migrating at the expected
molecular weight.
Example 8
Evaluating Compounds for Their Ability to Inhibit the Activity of
Ammonium Transporters
[0092] The polypeptides described herein may be produced using any
number of methods known to those skilled in the art. Such methods
include, but are not limited to, expression in bacteria as
described in Example 7, or expression in eukaryotic cell culture,
in planta, and using viral expression systems in suitably infected
organisms or cell lines. The instant polypeptides may be expressed
either as mature forms of the proteins as observed in vivo or as
fusion proteins by covalent attachment to a variety of enzymes,
proteins or affinity tags. Common fusion protein partners include
glutathione S-transferase ("GST"), thioredoxin ("Trx"), maltose
binding protein, and C- and/or N-terminal hexahistidine polypeptide
("(His).sub.6"). The fusion proteins may be engineered with a
protease recognition site at the fusion point so that fusion
partners can be separated by protease digestion to yield intact
mature enzyme. Examples of such proteases include thrombin,
enterokinase and factor Xa. However, any protease can be used which
specifically cleaves the peptide connecting the fusion protein and
the enzyme.
[0093] Purification of the instant polypeptides, if desired, may
utilize any number of separation technologies familiar to those
skilled in the art of protein purification. Examples of such
methods include, but are not limited to, homogenization,
filtration, centrifugation, heat denaturation, ammonium sulfate
precipitation, desalting, pH precipitation, ion exchange
chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and affinity
chromatography, wherein the affinity ligand represents a substrate,
substrate analog or inhibitor. When the instant polypeptides are
expressed as fusion proteins, the purification protocol may include
the use of an affinity resin which is specific for the fusion
protein tag attached to the expressed enzyme or an affinity resin
containing ligands which are specific for the enzyme. For example,
the instant polypeptides may be expressed as a fusion protein
coupled to the C-terminus of thioredoxin. In addition, a
(His).sub.6 peptide may be engineered into the N-terminus of the
fused thioredoxin moiety to afford additional opportunities for
affinity purification. Other suitable affinity resins could be
synthesized by linking the appropriate ligands to any suitable
resin such as Sepharose-4B. In an alternate embodiment, a
thioredoxin fusion protein may be eluted using dithiothreitol;
however, elution may be accomplished using other reagents which
interact to displace the thioredoxin from the resin. These reagents
include .beta.-mercaptoethanol or other reduced thiol. The eluted
fusion protein may be subjected to further purification by
traditional means as stated above, if desired. Proteolytic cleavage
of the thioredoxin fusion protein and the enzyme may be
accomplished after the fusion protein is purified or while the
protein is still bound to the ThioBond.TM. affinity resin or other
resin.
[0094] Crude, partially purified or purified enzyme, either alone
or as a fusion protein, may be utilized in assays for the
evaluation of compounds for their ability to inhibit enzymatic
activation of the instant polypeptides disclosed herein. Assays may
be conducted under well known experimental conditions which permit
optimal enzymatic activity.
[0095] Trsansformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ammonium
transport mutant 26972c, which lacks high affinity ammonium
transporters, with the instant cDNAs encoding ammonium transporters
willevaluation of compounds for their ability to inhibit enzymatic
activation of the instant polypeptides disclosed herein. Assays may
be conducted under well known experimental conditions to test for
viability of the transformed yeast stain as presented by Marini et
al. (1997). Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:4282-4293.
Sequence CWU 1
1
16 1 1037 DNA Zea mays 1 gcacgaggtt cgcggccatc acggccgggt
gcagcgtggt ggagccgtgg gcggccgtca 60 tctgcgggtt cgtgtccgcg
tgggtgctca tcggcgccaa cgccctcgcg gcgcgcttca 120 ggttcgacga
cccgctggag gcggcgcagc tgcacggcgg gtgtggcgcc tggggcgtcc 180
tcttcacggg gctcttcgcg aggcgaaagt acgtggagga gatctacggc gccgggaggc
240 cctacgggct gttcatgggc ggcggcggga agctcctcgc cgcgcagatc
atccagatcc 300 tggtgatcgc cgggtgggtg agctgcacca tgggcccgct
cttctacgcg ctcaagaagc 360 tgggcctgct gcgcatctcg gccgacgacg
agatgtccgg catggacctg acccggcacg 420 gcggcttcgc ctacgtctac
cacgacgagg accctggcga caaggccggg gttggtgggt 480 tcatgctcaa
gtccgcgcag aaccgtgtcg agccggcggc ggcggtggcg gcggcgacca 540
gcagccaggt gtaaaaaaaa aatcaggagc aaattgaaac cgagctgaag ttacgtgctt
600 gcctttttca gtatgttgtc gcgtatcacg tttgaggtgg atcgtatctg
ccggtcagta 660 cgcagtgttt gggcaaatac ttggctactt gggagtcgca
agaaattgtg taaattatat 720 agaggaggat ggcgacgaag cacgcatgtg
ttacgtagtt ggggtttgtg tgcacatggt 780 ggtgggcagg ggctaggaga
gggtttatct ttaggttatt ttcgtagtgg aatgaatctt 840 atgatcggat
atccatcgtc ggaaggtgtg gcgggctgct ggtcaagata ggtggcttct 900
atgactatga gggttgaaac aacaagtgga cgattctgtc ctgtggtcac tgctcatcat
960 ccaatctagc ggctttgacg gtcgtgcctt tttagtatca ataatattat
tccaagttta 1020 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaa 1037 2 183 PRT Zea mays 2 Thr
Arg Phe Ala Ala Ile Thr Ala Gly Cys Ser Val Val Glu Pro Trp 1 5 10
15 Ala Ala Val Ile Cys Gly Phe Val Ser Ala Trp Val Leu Ile Gly Ala
20 25 30 Asn Ala Leu Ala Ala Arg Phe Arg Phe Asp Asp Pro Leu Glu
Ala Ala 35 40 45 Gln Leu His Gly Gly Cys Gly Ala Trp Gly Val Leu
Phe Thr Gly Leu 50 55 60 Phe Ala Arg Arg Lys Tyr Val Glu Glu Ile
Tyr Gly Ala Gly Arg Pro 65 70 75 80 Tyr Gly Leu Phe Met Gly Gly Gly
Gly Lys Leu Leu Ala Ala Gln Ile 85 90 95 Ile Gln Ile Leu Val Ile
Ala Gly Trp Val Ser Cys Thr Met Gly Pro 100 105 110 Leu Phe Tyr Ala
Leu Lys Lys Leu Gly Leu Leu Arg Ile Ser Ala Asp 115 120 125 Asp Glu
Met Ser Gly Met Asp Leu Thr Arg His Gly Gly Phe Ala Tyr 130 135 140
Val Tyr His Asp Glu Asp Pro Gly Asp Lys Ala Gly Val Gly Gly Phe 145
150 155 160 Met Leu Lys Ser Ala Gln Asn Arg Val Glu Pro Ala Ala Ala
Val Ala 165 170 175 Ala Ala Thr Ser Ser Gln Val 180 3 1706 DNA
Glycine max 3 gcacgagcac tcccaacccc cacccgtagt ttctaccacc
ttcagtcacg gcgtaataca 60 ctaaccaacc caccatgtcg ctgcctgctt
gtcccgccga acaactggcc caacttctcg 120 gcccaaacac cacagacgcc
tccgccgccg cctcccttat ctgcggccat ttcgccgccg 180 tggacagcaa
gttcgtcgac acggccttcg ccgtcgacaa cacctacctc ctcttttccg 240
cctacctcgt tttttctatg cagctcggct tcgccatgct ctgcgccggc tccgtccgcg
300 ccaagaacac catgaacatc atgctcacca acgtcctgga cgctgccgcc
ggcggcctct 360 tctactacct cttcggcttc gccttcgctt tcggctcccc
ctccaacggc ttcatcggta 420 aacatttctt cggcctcaag gacatccctt
catcctccta cgactacagc tacttcctct 480 accaatgggc cttcgccatc
gccgccgccg gcatcaccag cggaagcatc gccgaacgca 540 cacagttcgt
ggcctatctc atctactcct ccttcctcac cggcttcgtc tatccggtgg 600
tctcccactg gttctggtcc ccagacggct gggcctctgc ctttaagatc accgaccggc
660 tattttccac cggcgtaata gacttcgccg gttccggcgt agtccacatg
gtcggcggaa 720 tagccggcct atggggagcg ctgatcgaag gcccaagaat
gggacgtttc gatcatgcag 780 gacgagctgt ggccttgcga ggccacagcg
cgtccttagt agtcctggga accttcttgc 840 tttggttcgg ttggtacgga
tttaaccccg gttcatttaa caaaatccta cttacttacg 900 gtaactcagg
aaattactac ggtcaatgga gcgcggttgg cagaaccgcg gtcaccacta 960
ccctagcggg gtcaacagct gccttgacca cgctattcgg taaacgggtg atatccggtc
1020 actggaacgt gaccgatgtc tgcaacgggc tgttaggcgg tttcgcggcg
ataacagccg 1080 gttgctccgt ggttgagcca tgggcagcca tcgtatgcgg
ttttgttgct tctatagtat 1140 taatagcttg caacaaatta gcagagaagg
ttaagttcga cgatcctctg gaggcggcgc 1200 agttgcacgg tgggtgtggc
acgtgggggg tgatattcac ggcgttgttc gcaaaaaagg 1260 agtatgtgaa
ggaggtttac gggttgggga gggcgcacgg gttgctcatg gggggtggtg 1320
ggaagttgct ggcggcgcac gtgattcaga ttctggtgat tgctgggtgg gttagtgcga
1380 ccatgggacc cttgttttgg gggttgaata aactgaagct gttgaggatt
tcttcagagg 1440 atgagcttgc ggggatggac atgactcgcc atggaggctt
tgcttatgct tatgaggatg 1500 atgagacgca caagcatggg atgcagttga
ggagggttgg gcccaacgcg tcttccacac 1560 ccaccactga tgaatgatct
ttttttccca tatgcatgtc tcattagtca aacattaaat 1620 ttggatacat
attccttgta aggattcaaa ccttggttac ttgttacttc tgttaaaaaa 1680
aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaa 1706 4 500 PRT Glycine max 4 Met Ser
Leu Pro Ala Cys Pro Ala Glu Gln Leu Ala Gln Leu Leu Gly 1 5 10 15
Pro Asn Thr Thr Asp Ala Ser Ala Ala Ala Ser Leu Ile Cys Gly His 20
25 30 Phe Ala Ala Val Asp Ser Lys Phe Val Asp Thr Ala Phe Ala Val
Asp 35 40 45 Asn Thr Tyr Leu Leu Phe Ser Ala Tyr Leu Val Phe Ser
Met Gln Leu 50 55 60 Gly Phe Ala Met Leu Cys Ala Gly Ser Val Arg
Ala Lys Asn Thr Met 65 70 75 80 Asn Ile Met Leu Thr Asn Val Leu Asp
Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Leu Phe 85 90 95 Tyr Tyr Leu Phe Gly Phe Ala
Phe Ala Phe Gly Ser Pro Ser Asn Gly 100 105 110 Phe Ile Gly Lys His
Phe Phe Gly Leu Lys Asp Ile Pro Ser Ser Ser 115 120 125 Tyr Asp Tyr
Ser Tyr Phe Leu Tyr Gln Trp Ala Phe Ala Ile Ala Ala 130 135 140 Ala
Gly Ile Thr Ser Gly Ser Ile Ala Glu Arg Thr Gln Phe Val Ala 145 150
155 160 Tyr Leu Ile Tyr Ser Ser Phe Leu Thr Gly Phe Val Tyr Pro Val
Val 165 170 175 Ser His Trp Phe Trp Ser Pro Asp Gly Trp Ala Ser Ala
Phe Lys Ile 180 185 190 Thr Asp Arg Leu Phe Ser Thr Gly Val Ile Asp
Phe Ala Gly Ser Gly 195 200 205 Val Val His Met Val Gly Gly Ile Ala
Gly Leu Trp Gly Ala Leu Ile 210 215 220 Glu Gly Pro Arg Met Gly Arg
Phe Asp His Ala Gly Arg Ala Val Ala 225 230 235 240 Leu Arg Gly His
Ser Ala Ser Leu Val Val Leu Gly Thr Phe Leu Leu 245 250 255 Trp Phe
Gly Trp Tyr Gly Phe Asn Pro Gly Ser Phe Asn Lys Ile Leu 260 265 270
Leu Thr Tyr Gly Asn Ser Gly Asn Tyr Tyr Gly Gln Trp Ser Ala Val 275
280 285 Gly Arg Thr Ala Val Thr Thr Thr Leu Ala Gly Ser Thr Ala Ala
Leu 290 295 300 Thr Thr Leu Phe Gly Lys Arg Val Ile Ser Gly His Trp
Asn Val Thr 305 310 315 320 Asp Val Cys Asn Gly Leu Leu Gly Gly Phe
Ala Ala Ile Thr Ala Gly 325 330 335 Cys Ser Val Val Glu Pro Trp Ala
Ala Ile Val Cys Gly Phe Val Ala 340 345 350 Ser Ile Val Leu Ile Ala
Cys Asn Lys Leu Ala Glu Lys Val Lys Phe 355 360 365 Asp Asp Pro Leu
Glu Ala Ala Gln Leu His Gly Gly Cys Gly Thr Trp 370 375 380 Gly Val
Ile Phe Thr Ala Leu Phe Ala Lys Lys Glu Tyr Val Lys Glu 385 390 395
400 Val Tyr Gly Leu Gly Arg Ala His Gly Leu Leu Met Gly Gly Gly Gly
405 410 415 Lys Leu Leu Ala Ala His Val Ile Gln Ile Leu Val Ile Ala
Gly Trp 420 425 430 Val Ser Ala Thr Met Gly Pro Leu Phe Trp Gly Leu
Asn Lys Leu Lys 435 440 445 Leu Leu Arg Ile Ser Ser Glu Asp Glu Leu
Ala Gly Met Asp Met Thr 450 455 460 Arg His Gly Gly Phe Ala Tyr Ala
Tyr Glu Asp Asp Glu Thr His Lys 465 470 475 480 His Gly Met Gln Leu
Arg Arg Val Gly Pro Asn Ala Ser Ser Thr Pro 485 490 495 Thr Thr Asp
Glu 500 5 1991 DNA Triticum aestivum 5 gccaatcccg gcttcccgat
tccgatcgct gaacgccaac cactttccta agcagggggg 60 cgccgcggag
atgtcggcga cgtgcgcggc ggacctgggg ccgctgctgg gggcggcggc 120
ggcgaacgcc acggactacc tgtgcaacag gttcgccgac accacgtccg cggtggactc
180 cacctacctg ctcttctcgg cctacctcgt cttcgccatg cagctcggct
tcgccatgct 240 ctgcgccggc tccgtccggg ccaagaacac catgaacatc
atgctcacca acgtgctcga 300 cgccgccgcc ggcgcgctct tctactacct
cttcggcttc gccttcgcct tcgggacgcc 360 gtcgaacggc ttcatcggga
agcacttctt cggcctcaag gacatgccgc agaccggctt 420 cgactacagc
ttcttcctct tccagtgggc cttcgccatc gccgccgccg gcatcacctc 480
cggctccatc gccgagagga cgcagttcgt cgcgtatctc atctactcgg ccttccttac
540 gggattcgtc tacccggtcg tgtcccactg gatctggtcc gtcgacggct
gggcctccgc 600 ggcccgcacg tccggcccgc tgctcttcaa gtccggcgtg
atcgacttcg ccggctccgg 660 cgtcgtgcac atggtcggcg gcatcgccgg
cttctggggc gcgctcatcg agggcccccg 720 catcggccgg ttcgaccacg
ccggccgctc ggtggcgctc aagggccaca gcgcgtcgct 780 cgtcgtgctg
gggaccttcc tgctctggtt cggctggtac gggttcaacc cggggtcctt 840
cgtcaccatc ctcaagtcgt acggcccgcc cgggagcatc aacgggcagt ggtcgggcgt
900 gggccgcacc gccgtgacga cgacgctggc gggcagcgtg gcggcgctca
cgacgctgtt 960 cgggaagcgg ctccagacgg ggcactggaa cgtggtggac
gtctgcaacg gcctgctcgg 1020 cgggttcgcg gccatcaccg ccgggtgcag
cgtggtcgac ccgtgggccg ccgtcatctg 1080 cggcttcgtc tccgcctggg
tgctcatcgg gctcaacgcg ctcgccggcc gcctcaagta 1140 cgacgacccg
ctggaggcgg cgcagctgca cggcggctgc ggcgcgtggg ggatcatctt 1200
cacggcgctg ttcgccaaga agcagtacgt ggaggagatc tacggcgccg gcaggccgta
1260 cgggctgttc ctgggcggcg gcgggcggct gctggcggcg cacatcgtgc
agatcctcgt 1320 catcgccggc ttcgtgagct gcaccatggg cccgctcttc
ttggcgctca agaagctggg 1380 cctgctccgc atctcggccg aggacgagat
ggccggcatg gacctgaccc ggcacggtgg 1440 gttcgcctac gtctaccacg
acgacgacga gcacgacaag tcggtcggcg gcttcatgct 1500 caggtcggcg
cagacccgcg tcgagccggc ggcggcggcg aacagccagg tctaaccaat 1560
caagccggac tacgtaacaa gaaatccagt ggaaatcgcc tttctgttct cgcgcgtcat
1620 atcacatatg tgatccgatc atgggatcaa tatttccggt gctgtttggg
ccaatacttt 1680 ggcgctcttg tgttcgttca caagattgta aaattattac
actaggacga ggttattttt 1740 tttacctttt ttgtgtacat gcgtgcgttt
agaggagatg tgtggtgtgt ggatggaatc 1800 tgcagggctg gggttttttc
tttcttggtg atatcttgtc atttttgtgg tggaattttg 1860 tgatcatgag
ggtgtggtca agataggtgg ctgctcaagg ttgaattgtt gagatttgtc 1920
ctctagtacg ggccaccctc tctatcaaaa ctttggcgcg ttttctcgat cgaaaaaaaa
1980 aaaaaaaaaa a 1991 6 494 PRT Triticum aestivum 6 Met Ser Ala
Thr Cys Ala Ala Asp Leu Gly Pro Leu Leu Gly Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Ala
Ala Asn Ala Thr Asp Tyr Leu Cys Asn Arg Phe Ala Asp Thr Thr 20 25
30 Ser Ala Val Asp Ser Thr Tyr Leu Leu Phe Ser Ala Tyr Leu Val Phe
35 40 45 Ala Met Gln Leu Gly Phe Ala Met Leu Cys Ala Gly Ser Val
Arg Ala 50 55 60 Lys Asn Thr Met Asn Ile Met Leu Thr Asn Val Leu
Asp Ala Ala Ala 65 70 75 80 Gly Ala Leu Phe Tyr Tyr Leu Phe Gly Phe
Ala Phe Ala Phe Gly Thr 85 90 95 Pro Ser Asn Gly Phe Ile Gly Lys
His Phe Phe Gly Leu Lys Asp Met 100 105 110 Pro Gln Thr Gly Phe Asp
Tyr Ser Phe Phe Leu Phe Gln Trp Ala Phe 115 120 125 Ala Ile Ala Ala
Ala Gly Ile Thr Ser Gly Ser Ile Ala Glu Arg Thr 130 135 140 Gln Phe
Val Ala Tyr Leu Ile Tyr Ser Ala Phe Leu Thr Gly Phe Val 145 150 155
160 Tyr Pro Val Val Ser His Trp Ile Trp Ser Val Asp Gly Trp Ala Ser
165 170 175 Ala Ala Arg Thr Ser Gly Pro Leu Leu Phe Lys Ser Gly Val
Ile Asp 180 185 190 Phe Ala Gly Ser Gly Val Val His Met Val Gly Gly
Ile Ala Gly Phe 195 200 205 Trp Gly Ala Leu Ile Glu Gly Pro Arg Ile
Gly Arg Phe Asp His Ala 210 215 220 Gly Arg Ser Val Ala Leu Lys Gly
His Ser Ala Ser Leu Val Val Leu 225 230 235 240 Gly Thr Phe Leu Leu
Trp Phe Gly Trp Tyr Gly Phe Asn Pro Gly Ser 245 250 255 Phe Val Thr
Ile Leu Lys Ser Tyr Gly Pro Pro Gly Ser Ile Asn Gly 260 265 270 Gln
Trp Ser Gly Val Gly Arg Thr Ala Val Thr Thr Thr Leu Ala Gly 275 280
285 Ser Val Ala Ala Leu Thr Thr Leu Phe Gly Lys Arg Leu Gln Thr Gly
290 295 300 His Trp Asn Val Val Asp Val Cys Asn Gly Leu Leu Gly Gly
Phe Ala 305 310 315 320 Ala Ile Thr Ala Gly Cys Ser Val Val Asp Pro
Trp Ala Ala Val Ile 325 330 335 Cys Gly Phe Val Ser Ala Trp Val Leu
Ile Gly Leu Asn Ala Leu Ala 340 345 350 Gly Arg Leu Lys Tyr Asp Asp
Pro Leu Glu Ala Ala Gln Leu His Gly 355 360 365 Gly Cys Gly Ala Trp
Gly Ile Ile Phe Thr Ala Leu Phe Ala Lys Lys 370 375 380 Gln Tyr Val
Glu Glu Ile Tyr Gly Ala Gly Arg Pro Tyr Gly Leu Phe 385 390 395 400
Leu Gly Gly Gly Gly Arg Leu Leu Ala Ala His Ile Val Gln Ile Leu 405
410 415 Val Ile Ala Gly Phe Val Ser Cys Thr Met Gly Pro Leu Phe Leu
Ala 420 425 430 Leu Lys Lys Leu Gly Leu Leu Arg Ile Ser Ala Glu Asp
Glu Met Ala 435 440 445 Gly Met Asp Leu Thr Arg His Gly Gly Phe Ala
Tyr Val Tyr His Asp 450 455 460 Asp Asp Glu His Asp Lys Ser Val Gly
Gly Phe Met Leu Arg Ser Ala 465 470 475 480 Gln Thr Arg Val Glu Pro
Ala Ala Ala Ala Asn Ser Gln Val 485 490 7 376 DNA Zea mays unsure
(40) unsure (272) unsure (276) unsure (294) unsure (339) unsure
(341) unsure (359) unsure (361) 7 gctaagagag agagagagag agaggtatac
gtaggaccgn cggcaactag ctaactaaca 60 tgtcgtcgtc gtccgggacg
acgatgccgc tggcgtacca gacgtcggcg tcgtctcccg 120 agtggctgaa
caagggcgac aacgcgtggc agctgacggc ggcgacgctg gtggggctgc 180
agagcttccc gggtctggtg gtcctgtacg gcggcgtggt gaagaagaag tgggccgtga
240 actcggcctt catggcgctg tacgcgttcg cnggcnggtg tggatctgct
gggngacctg 300 ggcctacaac atgtcctttg gcgaacaggg ctgctgtcng
ntgtggggca aaggcggcng 360 ncggtgctta atccag 376 8 63 PRT Zea mays 8
Met Pro Leu Ala Tyr Gln Thr Ser Ala Ser Ser Pro Glu Trp Leu Asn 1 5
10 15 Lys Gly Asp Asn Ala Trp Gln Leu Thr Ala Ala Thr Leu Val Gly
Leu 20 25 30 Gln Ser Phe Pro Gly Leu Val Val Leu Tyr Gly Gly Val
Val Lys Lys 35 40 45 Lys Trp Ala Val Asn Ser Ala Phe Met Ala Leu
Tyr Ala Phe Ala 50 55 60 9 1883 DNA Oryza sativa 9 gcacgagctt
acatgtaagc tcgtgccgaa ttcggcacga gcttacaatc caaacaatca 60
cgtcggtcga cgagaagaag tgagtgatgg cgtcgccgac ccggccgggg ccgtacatgc
120 cgcgcccacc ggcggtgccg gagtggctga acaccgggga caacgggtgg
cagctcgcgg 180 cggcgacgtt cgtcgggctc cagtcgatgc ctgggctggt
ggtgctgtac ggcagcatcg 240 tgaagaagaa gtgggccgtc aactcggcct
tcatggcgct gtacgcgtac gcgtccacgc 300 tcatcgtgtg ggtgctggtc
ggcttccgca tggcgttcgg cgaccggctg ctcccgttct 360 gggggaaggc
cggcgcggcg ctgacggagg ggttcctcgt ggcgcgcgcg tcggtcccgg 420
ccacggcgca ctacgggaag gacggcgccc tggagtcgcc gcgcaccgag ccgttctacc
480 cggaggcgtc catggtgctg ttccagttcg agctcgccgc catcacgctg
gtgctgctcg 540 ccgggtcgct cctcgggagg atgaacatca aggcgtggat
ggcgttcact ccgctctggc 600 tcctcttctc ctacaccgtc tgcgccttca
gcctctgggg cggcggcttc ctctaccagt 660 ggggcgtcat cgactactcc
ggcggatacg tcatccacct ctcctccggc atcgccggct 720 tcaccgccgc
ctactgggtg gggccgaggc tgaagagcga cagggagcgg ttctcgccga 780
acaacatcct cctcatgatc gccggcggcg ggctgctgtg gctgggctgg gccgggttca
840 acggcggcgc gccgtacgcc ccaaacatca ccgcgtccat cgccgtgctc
aacaccaacg 900 tcagcgccgc ggcgagcctc ctcacctgga cctgcctcga
cgtcatcttc ttcggcaagc 960 cctccgtcat cggcgccgtg cagggcatga
tgaccggtct cgtctgcatc acccccggcg 1020 caggtctggt gcacacgtgg
gcggccatac tgatgggcat ctgtggcggc agcttgccgt 1080 ggttctccat
gatgatcctc cacaagagat cggcgctgct ccagaaggtg gacgacaccc 1140
tcgccgtctt ccacacccac gccgtcgcgg gcctcctcgg cggcttcctc acgggcctgt
1200 tcgccttgcc ggacctcacc gccgtccaca cccacatccc tggcgcgcgc
ggcgcgttct 1260 acggcggcgg catcgcccag gtggggaagc agatcgccgg
cgcgctcttc gtcgtcgtgt 1320 ggaacgtcgt ggccaccacc gtcatcctgc
tcggcgtcgg cctcgtcgtc ccgctccgca 1380 tgcccgacga gcagctcaag
atcggcgacg acgcggcgca cggggaggag gcctacgcgc 1440 tatggggaga
cggcgagagg ttcgacgtga cgcgccatga gggggcgagg ggcggcgcgt 1500
ggggcgccgc ggtcgtggac gaggcgatgg atcaccggct ggccggaatg ggagcgagag
1560 gagtcacgat tcagctgtag tggtggtaga gtgggcattt tgtcgcaggc
tttgccgcac 1620 tgcagctaaa ctggacgttg accatacgat aattctcatc
tcgtacaggt agatcttgca 1680 actagcaaga tggagtagca gatattacta
aacacatatg cttcattatt ttatttctgg 1740 agtaaatcaa gattcgtttt
ggggtagtgg tagatatttg caatctgatg cagtcagtat 1800 gcaatgtgtc
ctaccctggg agtcccaata gataaacaaa cttttgccag cattgcacac 1860
aagcaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa aaa 1883 10 497 PRT Oryza sativa 10 Met Ala Ser Pro Thr
Arg Pro Gly Pro Tyr Met Pro Arg Pro Pro Ala 1 5 10 15 Val Pro Glu
Trp Leu Asn Thr Gly Asp Asn Gly Trp Gln Leu Ala Ala 20 25 30 Ala
Thr Phe Val Gly Leu Gln Ser Met Pro Gly Leu Val Val Leu Tyr 35 40
45 Gly Ser Ile Val Lys Lys Lys Trp Ala Val Asn Ser Ala Phe Met Ala
50 55 60 Leu Tyr Ala Tyr Ala Ser Thr Leu Ile Val Trp Val Leu Val
Gly Phe 65 70 75 80 Arg Met Ala Phe Gly Asp Arg Leu Leu Pro Phe Trp
Gly Lys Ala Gly 85 90 95 Ala Ala Leu Thr Glu Gly Phe Leu Val Ala
Arg Ala Ser Val Pro Ala 100 105 110 Thr Ala His Tyr Gly Lys Asp Gly
Ala Leu Glu Ser Pro Arg Thr Glu 115 120 125 Pro Phe Tyr Pro Glu Ala
Ser Met Val Leu Phe Gln Phe Glu Leu Ala 130 135 140 Ala Ile Thr Leu
Val Leu Leu Ala Gly Ser Leu Leu Gly Arg Met Asn 145 150 155 160 Ile
Lys Ala Trp Met Ala Phe Thr Pro Leu Trp Leu Leu Phe Ser Tyr 165 170
175 Thr Val Cys Ala Phe Ser Leu Trp Gly Gly Gly Phe Leu Tyr Gln Trp
180 185 190 Gly Val Ile Asp Tyr Ser Gly Gly Tyr Val Ile His Leu Ser
Ser Gly 195 200 205 Ile Ala Gly Phe Thr Ala Ala Tyr Trp Val Gly Pro
Arg Leu Lys Ser 210 215 220 Asp Arg Glu Arg Phe Ser Pro Asn Asn Ile
Leu Leu Met Ile Ala Gly 225 230 235 240 Gly Gly Leu Leu Trp Leu Gly
Trp Ala Gly Phe Asn Gly Gly Ala Pro 245 250 255 Tyr Ala Pro Asn Ile
Thr Ala Ser Ile Ala Val Leu Asn Thr Asn Val 260 265 270 Ser Ala Ala
Ala Ser Leu Leu Thr Trp Thr Cys Leu Asp Val Ile Phe 275 280 285 Phe
Gly Lys Pro Ser Val Ile Gly Ala Val Gln Gly Met Met Thr Gly 290 295
300 Leu Val Cys Ile Thr Pro Gly Ala Gly Leu Val His Thr Trp Ala Ala
305 310 315 320 Ile Leu Met Gly Ile Cys Gly Gly Ser Leu Pro Trp Phe
Ser Met Met 325 330 335 Ile Leu His Lys Arg Ser Ala Leu Leu Gln Lys
Val Asp Asp Thr Leu 340 345 350 Ala Val Phe His Thr His Ala Val Ala
Gly Leu Leu Gly Gly Phe Leu 355 360 365 Thr Gly Leu Phe Ala Leu Pro
Asp Leu Thr Ala Val His Thr His Ile 370 375 380 Pro Gly Ala Arg Gly
Ala Phe Tyr Gly Gly Gly Ile Ala Gln Val Gly 385 390 395 400 Lys Gln
Ile Ala Gly Ala Leu Phe Val Val Val Trp Asn Val Val Ala 405 410 415
Thr Thr Val Ile Leu Leu Gly Val Gly Leu Val Val Pro Leu Arg Met 420
425 430 Pro Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ile Gly Asp Asp Ala Ala His Gly Glu
Glu 435 440 445 Ala Tyr Ala Leu Trp Gly Asp Gly Glu Arg Phe Asp Val
Thr Arg His 450 455 460 Glu Gly Ala Arg Gly Gly Ala Trp Gly Ala Ala
Val Val Asp Glu Ala 465 470 475 480 Met Asp His Arg Leu Ala Gly Met
Gly Ala Arg Gly Val Thr Ile Gln 485 490 495 Leu 11 1961 DNA Glycine
max 11 gcacgagtca cgatcagaca ttaaatgtaa acacttctct atcaaaaatt
tgaacttagt 60 tcgcctcaca cttttgtttt gtcaccttgt gagagactaa
ttccctctaa taaacgcaac 120 gttgttcatc agtggcacat acatatacag
catcacaatt ctttgaaggg tgaaaaagct 180 tgatcaagaa ttgaagcata
ttgatcttca gccatggcta cacccttggc ctaccaagag 240 caccttccgg
cggcacccga atggctgaac aaaggtgaca acgcatggca gctaacagca 300
gccaccctcg tcggtcttca aagcatgccg ggtctcgtga tcctctacgc cagcatagtg
360 aagaaaaaat gggcagtgaa ctcagctttc atggctctct acgcctttgc
ggcggttcta 420 atatgttggg tgcttgtgtg ttaccgaatg gcctttggag
aagaactttt ccccttctgg 480 ggaaagggtg ctccagcact aggccagaag
ttcctcacga aaagagccat agtcattgaa 540 accatccacc actttgataa
tggcactgtt gaatcacctc ctgaggaacc cttttaccct 600 atggcctcgc
ttgtgtattt ccaattcact tttgctgcta ttactcttat tttgttggct 660
ggctctgtcc ttggccgaat gaacatcaag gcttggatgg cttttgtgcc tctttggttg
720 atcttttcct acacagtcgg ggcttttagt ctttggggtg gtggctttct
ctaccaatgg 780 ggcgttattg attattctgg cggctatgtc atacaccttt
cttctggaat cgctggcttc 840 actgctgctt actgggttgg accaaggttg
aagagtgata gggagaggtt cccaccaaac 900 aatgtgcttc tcatgcttgc
tggtgctggg ttgttgtgga tggggtggtc agggttcaac 960 ggtggagcac
catatgctgc aaacattgca tcttcaattg cggtgttgaa cacaaacatt 1020
tgtgcagcca ctagcctcct tgtgtggaca actttggatg tcattttttt tgggaaacct
1080 tcggtgattg gagctgtgca gggcatgatg actggacttg tatgcatcac
cccaggggca 1140 gggcttgtgc aatcatgggc tgctatagtg atgggaatat
tatctgggag cattccatgg 1200 gtgactatga tgattttgca taaaaagtca
actttgctac agaaggtaga tgacaccctt 1260 ggtgtgtttc acacacatgc
tgtggctggc cttttgggtg gtctcctcac aggtctatta 1320 gcagaaccag
ccctttgtag acttctattg ccagtaacaa attcaagggg tgcattctat 1380
ggtggaggtg gtggtgtgca gttcttcaag caattggtgg cggccatgtt tgttattgga
1440 tggaacttgg tgtccaccac cattattctc cttgtcataa aattgttcat
acccttgagg 1500 atgccggacg agcagctgga aatcggtgac gacgccgtcc
acggtgagga agcttatgcc 1560 ctttggggtg atggagaaaa atatgaccca
actaggcatg gttccttgca aagtggcaac 1620 actactgtct caccttatgt
taatggtgca agaggggtga ctataaactt atgagtcaag 1680 aaattaggct
gtgccttgct cacacatgca tgtgtataaa tttatatgat taacaaatgt 1740
gatgaatccg tgagtggtat aagtagatat ttgattttgt catgaaagaa aatttccaaa
1800 ttttgagatc tgatgttcct ctggtcatct tgcattcgaa gacctggtca
tatatttctg 1860 gcacagaatg tcttggcatg tgtataaaat ttagatttgt
caaattttaa aggaacttat 1920 gattagtttt tttcacttag aagaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa a 1961 12 486 PRT Glycine max 12 Met Ala Thr Pro Leu Ala
Tyr Gln Glu His Leu Pro Ala Ala Pro Glu 1 5 10 15 Trp Leu Asn Lys
Gly Asp Asn Ala Trp Gln Leu Thr Ala Ala Thr Leu 20 25 30 Val Gly
Leu Gln Ser Met Pro Gly Leu Val Ile Leu Tyr Ala Ser Ile 35 40 45
Val Lys Lys Lys Trp Ala Val Asn Ser Ala Phe Met Ala Leu Tyr Ala 50
55 60 Phe Ala Ala Val Leu Ile Cys Trp Val Leu Val Cys Tyr Arg Met
Ala 65 70 75 80 Phe Gly Glu Glu Leu Phe Pro Phe Trp Gly Lys Gly Ala
Pro Ala Leu 85 90 95 Gly Gln Lys Phe Leu Thr Lys Arg Ala Ile Val
Ile Glu Thr Ile His 100 105 110 His Phe Asp Asn Gly Thr Val Glu Ser
Pro Pro Glu Glu Pro Phe Tyr 115 120 125 Pro Met Ala Ser Leu Val Tyr
Phe Gln Phe Thr Phe Ala Ala Ile Thr 130 135 140 Leu Ile Leu Leu Ala
Gly Ser Val Leu Gly Arg Met Asn Ile Lys Ala 145 150 155 160 Trp Met
Ala Phe Val Pro Leu Trp Leu Ile Phe Ser Tyr Thr Val Gly 165 170 175
Ala Phe Ser Leu Trp Gly Gly Gly Phe Leu Tyr Gln Trp Gly Val Ile 180
185 190 Asp Tyr Ser Gly Gly Tyr Val Ile His Leu Ser Ser Gly Ile Ala
Gly 195 200 205 Phe Thr Ala Ala Tyr Trp Val Gly Pro Arg Leu Lys Ser
Asp Arg Glu 210 215 220 Arg Phe Pro Pro Asn Asn Val Leu Leu Met Leu
Ala Gly Ala Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 Leu Trp Met Gly Trp Ser Gly Phe
Asn Gly Gly Ala Pro Tyr Ala Ala 245 250 255 Asn Ile Ala Ser Ser Ile
Ala Val Leu Asn Thr Asn Ile Cys Ala Ala 260 265 270 Thr Ser Leu Leu
Val Trp Thr Thr Leu Asp Val Ile Phe Phe Gly Lys 275 280 285 Pro Ser
Val Ile Gly Ala Val Gln Gly Met Met Thr Gly Leu Val Cys 290 295 300
Ile Thr Pro Gly Ala Gly Leu Val Gln Ser Trp Ala Ala Ile Val Met 305
310 315 320 Gly Ile Leu Ser Gly Ser Ile Pro Trp Val Thr Met Met Ile
Leu His 325 330 335 Lys Lys Ser Thr Leu Leu Gln Lys Val Asp Asp Thr
Leu Gly Val Phe 340 345 350 His Thr His Ala Val Ala Gly Leu Leu Gly
Gly Leu Leu Thr Gly Leu 355 360 365 Leu Ala Glu Pro Ala Leu Cys Arg
Leu Leu Leu Pro Val Thr Asn Ser 370 375 380 Arg Gly Ala Phe Tyr Gly
Gly Gly Gly Gly Val Gln Phe Phe Lys Gln 385 390 395 400 Leu Val Ala
Ala Met Phe Val Ile Gly Trp Asn Leu Val Ser Thr Thr 405 410 415 Ile
Ile Leu Leu Val Ile Lys Leu Phe Ile Pro Leu Arg Met Pro Asp 420 425
430 Glu Gln Leu Glu Ile Gly Asp Asp Ala Val His Gly Glu Glu Ala Tyr
435 440 445 Ala Leu Trp Gly Asp Gly Glu Lys Tyr Asp Pro Thr Arg His
Gly Ser 450 455 460 Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Thr Thr Val Ser Pro Tyr Val
Asn Gly Ala Arg 465 470 475 480 Gly Val Thr Ile Asn Leu 485 13 1656
DNA Triticum aestivum 13 ctcgtgccga attcggcacg aggctacgtg
gccgccggac ggcgaggaca agcaactgag 60 caaggtatag gtaggtagat
cagtcgggca agatgtcggt gccggtggcg taccagggga 120 acacgtcggc
ggcggtggcc gactggctga acaagggcga caacgcgtgg cagctgacgg 180
cgtccacgct ggtgggcctc atgagcgtgc cgggcatggt ggtgctgtac ggcggcgtgg
240 tgaagaagaa gtgggcggtc aactccgcct tcatggcgct ctacgccttc
gccgccgtct 300 ggatctgctg ggtcgtctgg gcctacaaca tgtccttcgg
cgaggagctg ctcccgttct 360 ggggcaaggc cggcccggcg ctcgaccagg
ccttcctcgt cggccgcgcc tcgctcccgg 420 ccaccgcgca ctaccgcgca
gacggcacgc tcgagacggc catggtggag ccctacttcc 480 ccatggccac
cgtcgtctac ttccagtgcg tgttcgccgc catcacgctc atcctggtgg 540
ccgggtcgct gctgggccgc atgagcttcc tggcgtggat gctcttcgtg ccgctctggc
600 tcaccttctc ctacaccgtc ggcgccttct ccgtgtgggg cggcggcttc
ctcttccact 660 ggggcgtcat cgactactgc ggcggctacg tcatccacat
ccccgccggc gtcgccggct 720 tcaccgccgc gtactgggtc gggccaagga
ccaagaagga cagggagagc ttcccgccca 780 acaacatcct gttcgcgctc
accggcgccg ggctgctgtg gatggggtgg gccgggttca 840 acggcggcgg
gccgtacgcg gccaatgtcg actcgtccat ggccatcctg aacaccaaca 900
tctgcacggc ggcgagcctc atcgtctgga cctgcctcga tgccgtcttc ttcaagaagc
960 cctccgtggt cggcgccgtc caggccgtga tcaccggtct cgtctgcatc
acgccaggcg 1020 caggtgtcgt gcagggttgg gcggcgctgg ttatgggcgt
gctggccggc agtgtgccgt 1080 ggtacaccat gatggtgctc cacaagcgct
ccaagctcct tcaacgcgtc gacgacaccc 1140 ttggcgtcat ccacacccac
ggcgtcgccg gcctgctggg cggcgtcctc acgggcctct 1200 tcgccgagcc
gaacctctgc aatctattcc ttccggtcac caactcccgg ggcgccttct 1260
acggtggtaa cggtggggcg cagctcggga agcagatcgc cggagcgctc ttcgtgatcg
1320 ggtggaacgt ggtcgtcacg tccattatct gcgtcgtcat ccgccttgtc
gtcccgctgc 1380 gcatgtccga ggagaagctc gccattggcg acgacgccgt
gcacggcgag gaggcctacg 1440 cgttgtgggg cgatggcgag cactacgatg
acaccaagca cggcgccgcc gtcgtgccgg 1500 tgtgattttc tctgctttgc
ttccttgtta tgtttgtccc gtctatattg tgtcctgctt 1560 tattttctct
tgtctcttgc cttccaaatg taaatttgta gctcatgtat aatgtgacca 1620
aaattttcat agataaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaa 1656 14 470 PRT Triticum
aestivum 14 Met Ser Val Pro Val Ala Tyr Gln Gly Asn Thr Ser Ala Ala
Val Ala 1 5 10 15 Asp Trp Leu Asn Lys Gly Asp Asn Ala Trp Gln Leu
Thr Ala Ser Thr 20 25 30 Leu Val Gly Leu Met Ser Val Pro Gly Met
Val Val Leu Tyr Gly Gly 35 40 45 Val Val Lys Lys Lys Trp Ala Val
Asn Ser Ala Phe Met Ala Leu Tyr 50 55 60 Ala Phe Ala Ala Val Trp
Ile Cys Trp Val Val Trp Ala Tyr Asn Met 65 70 75 80 Ser Phe Gly Glu
Glu Leu Leu Pro Phe Trp Gly Lys Ala Gly Pro Ala 85 90 95 Leu Asp
Gln Ala Phe Leu Val Gly Arg Ala Ser Leu Pro Ala Thr Ala 100 105 110
His Tyr Arg Ala Asp Gly Thr Leu Glu Thr Ala Met Val Glu Pro Tyr 115
120 125 Phe Pro Met Ala Thr Val Val Tyr Phe Gln Cys Val Phe Ala Ala
Ile 130 135 140 Thr Leu Ile Leu Val Ala Gly Ser Leu Leu Gly Arg Met
Ser Phe Leu 145 150 155 160 Ala Trp Met Leu Phe Val Pro Leu Trp Leu
Thr Phe Ser Tyr Thr Val 165 170 175 Gly Ala Phe Ser Val Trp Gly Gly
Gly Phe Leu Phe His Trp Gly Val 180 185 190 Ile Asp Tyr Cys Gly Gly
Tyr Val Ile His Ile Pro Ala Gly Val Ala 195 200 205 Gly Phe Thr Ala
Ala Tyr Trp Val Gly Pro Arg Thr Lys Lys Asp Arg 210 215 220 Glu Ser
Phe Pro Pro Asn Asn Ile Leu Phe Ala Leu Thr Gly Ala Gly 225 230 235
240 Leu Leu Trp Met Gly Trp Ala Gly Phe Asn Gly Gly Gly Pro Tyr Ala
245 250 255 Ala Asn Val Asp Ser Ser Met Ala Ile Leu Asn Thr Asn Ile
Cys Thr 260 265 270 Ala Ala Ser Leu Ile Val Trp Thr Cys Leu Asp Ala
Val Phe Phe Lys 275 280 285 Lys Pro Ser Val Val Gly Ala Val Gln Ala
Val Ile Thr Gly Leu Val 290 295 300 Cys Ile Thr Pro Gly Ala Gly Val
Val Gln Gly Trp Ala Ala Leu Val 305 310 315 320 Met Gly Val Leu Ala
Gly Ser Val Pro Trp Tyr Thr Met Met Val Leu 325 330 335 His Lys Arg
Ser Lys Leu Leu Gln Arg Val Asp Asp Thr Leu Gly Val 340 345 350 Ile
His Thr His Gly Val Ala Gly Leu Leu Gly Gly Val Leu Thr Gly 355 360
365 Leu Phe Ala Glu Pro Asn Leu Cys Asn Leu Phe Leu Pro Val Thr Asn
370 375 380 Ser Arg Gly Ala Phe Tyr Gly Gly Asn Gly Gly Ala Gln Leu
Gly Lys 385 390 395 400 Gln Ile Ala Gly Ala Leu Phe Val Ile Gly Trp
Asn Val Val Val Thr 405 410 415 Ser Ile Ile Cys Val Val Ile Arg Leu
Val Val Pro Leu Arg Met Ser 420 425 430 Glu Glu Lys Leu Ala Ile Gly
Asp Asp Ala Val His Gly Glu Glu Ala 435 440 445 Tyr Ala Leu Trp Gly
Asp Gly Glu His Tyr Asp Asp Thr Lys His Gly 450 455 460 Ala Ala Val
Val Pro Val 465 470 15 1928 DNA Zea mays 15 cccaatcccc tccccctcgc
gtatccacac ttttcacacg cgacgccgga gagacagagc 60 gcgcgcgcgc
ccgaaagatg tcgacgtgcg cggcggacct ggcgccgctg ctcggcccgg 120
cggcggcgaa cgccacggac tacctgtgcg ggcagttcgc ggacacggcc tccgcggtgg
180 acgccacgta cctgctcttc tcggcctacc tcgtgttcgc catgcagctc
ggcttcgcca 240 tgctgtgcgc cggctccgtc cgcgccaaga acaccatgaa
catcatgctc accaacgtgc 300 tcgacgccgc cgcgggggcg ctcttctact
acctcttcgg cttcgccttc gccttcggca 360 cgccctccaa cggcttcatc
ggcaagcagt tcttcgggct caagcacctg cccaggaccg 420 gcttcgacta
cgacttcttc ctctaccagt gggccttcgc catcgccgcc gcgggcatca 480
cgtcgggctc catcgccgag cggacccagt tcgtcgccta cctcatctac tccgcgttcc
540 tgacggggtt cgtctacccc gtggtgtcgc actggttctg gtccgccgac
ggctgggccg 600 gcgccagccg cacgtccggc ccgctgctct tcgggtccgg
cgtcatcgac ttcgccggct 660 ccggcgtcgt ccacatggtc ggcggcatcg
cggggctgtg gggcgcgctc atcgagggcc 720 cccgcatcgg gcgcttcgac
cacgccggcc gctccgtggc gctcaagggc cacagcgcgt 780 cgctcgtggt
gctcggcacc ttcctgctgt ggttcggctg gtacgggttc aaccccgggt 840
ccttcaccac catcctcaag tcgtacggcc ccgccgggac cgtccacggg cagtggtcgg
900 ccgtgggccg caccgccgtc accaccaccc tcgccggcag cgtcgccgcg
ctcaccacgc 960 tgttcgggaa gcggctccag acgggccact ggaacgtggt
ggacgtctgc aacggcctcc 1020 tcggcgggtt cgcggccatc acggccgggt
gcagcgtggt ggagccgtgg gcggccgtca 1080 tctgcgggtt cgtgtccgcg
tgggtgctca tcggcgccaa cgccctcgcg gcgcgcttca 1140 ggttcgacga
cccgctggag gcggcgcagc tgcacggcgg gtgtggcgcc tggggcgtcc 1200
tcttcacggg gctcttcgcg aggcgaaagt acgtggagga gatctacggc gccgggaggc
1260 cctacgggct gttcatgggc ggcggcggga agctcctcgc cgcgcagatc
atccagatcc 1320 tggtgatcgc cgggtgggtg agctgcacca tgggcccgct
cttctacgcg ctcaagaagc 1380 tgggcctgct gcgcatctcg gccgacgacg
agatgtccgg catggacctg acccggcacg 1440 gcggcttcgc ctacgtctac
cacgacgagg accctggcga caaggccggg gttggtgggt 1500 tcatgctcaa
gtccgcgcag aaccgtgtcg agccggcggc ggcggtggcg gcggcgacca 1560
gcagccaggt gtaaaaaaaa aatcaggagc aaattgaaac cgagctgaag ttacgtgctt
1620 gcctttttca gtatgttgtc gcgtatcacg tttgaggtgg atcgtatctg
ccggtcagta 1680 cgcagtgttt gggcaaatac ttggctactt gggagtcgca
agaaattgtg taaattatat 1740 agaggaggat ggcgacgaag cacgcatgtg
ttacgtagtt ggggtttgtg tgcacatggt 1800 ggtgggcagg ggctaggaga
gggtttatct ttaggttatt ttcgtagtgg aatgaatctt 1860 atgatcggat
atccaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 1920
aaaaaaaa 1928 16 498 PRT Zea mays 16 Met Ser Thr Cys Ala Ala Asp
Leu Ala Pro Leu Leu Gly Pro Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Ala Asn Ala Thr Asp
Tyr Leu Cys Gly Gln Phe Ala Asp Thr Ala Ser 20 25 30 Ala Val Asp
Ala Thr Tyr Leu Leu Phe Ser Ala Tyr Leu Val Phe Ala 35
40 45 Met Gln Leu Gly Phe Ala Met Leu Cys Ala Gly Ser Val Arg Ala
Lys 50 55 60 Asn Thr Met Asn Ile Met Leu Thr Asn Val Leu Asp Ala
Ala Ala Gly 65 70 75 80 Ala Leu Phe Tyr Tyr Leu Phe Gly Phe Ala Phe
Ala Phe Gly Thr Pro 85 90 95 Ser Asn Gly Phe Ile Gly Lys Gln Phe
Phe Gly Leu Lys His Leu Pro 100 105 110 Arg Thr Gly Phe Asp Tyr Asp
Phe Phe Leu Tyr Gln Trp Ala Phe Ala 115 120 125 Ile Ala Ala Ala Gly
Ile Thr Ser Gly Ser Ile Ala Glu Arg Thr Gln 130 135 140 Phe Val Ala
Tyr Leu Ile Tyr Ser Ala Phe Leu Thr Gly Phe Val Tyr 145 150 155 160
Pro Val Val Ser His Trp Phe Trp Ser Ala Asp Gly Trp Ala Gly Ala 165
170 175 Ser Arg Thr Ser Gly Pro Leu Leu Phe Gly Ser Gly Val Ile Asp
Phe 180 185 190 Ala Gly Ser Gly Val Val His Met Val Gly Gly Ile Ala
Gly Leu Trp 195 200 205 Gly Ala Leu Ile Glu Gly Pro Arg Ile Gly Arg
Phe Asp His Ala Gly 210 215 220 Arg Ser Val Ala Leu Lys Gly His Ser
Ala Ser Leu Val Val Leu Gly 225 230 235 240 Thr Phe Leu Leu Trp Phe
Gly Trp Tyr Gly Phe Asn Pro Gly Ser Phe 245 250 255 Thr Thr Ile Leu
Lys Ser Tyr Gly Pro Ala Gly Thr Val His Gly Gln 260 265 270 Trp Ser
Ala Val Gly Arg Thr Ala Val Thr Thr Thr Leu Ala Gly Ser 275 280 285
Val Ala Ala Leu Thr Thr Leu Phe Gly Lys Arg Leu Gln Thr Gly His 290
295 300 Trp Asn Val Val Asp Val Cys Asn Gly Leu Leu Gly Gly Phe Ala
Ala 305 310 315 320 Ile Thr Ala Gly Cys Ser Val Val Glu Pro Trp Ala
Ala Val Ile Cys 325 330 335 Gly Phe Val Ser Ala Trp Val Leu Ile Gly
Ala Asn Ala Leu Ala Ala 340 345 350 Arg Phe Arg Phe Asp Asp Pro Leu
Glu Ala Ala Gln Leu His Gly Gly 355 360 365 Cys Gly Ala Trp Gly Val
Leu Phe Thr Gly Leu Phe Ala Arg Arg Lys 370 375 380 Tyr Val Glu Glu
Ile Tyr Gly Ala Gly Arg Pro Tyr Gly Leu Phe Met 385 390 395 400 Gly
Gly Gly Gly Lys Leu Leu Ala Ala Gln Ile Ile Gln Ile Leu Val 405 410
415 Ile Ala Gly Trp Val Ser Cys Thr Met Gly Pro Leu Phe Tyr Ala Leu
420 425 430 Lys Lys Leu Gly Leu Leu Arg Ile Ser Ala Asp Asp Glu Met
Ser Gly 435 440 445 Met Asp Leu Thr Arg His Gly Gly Phe Ala Tyr Val
Tyr His Asp Glu 450 455 460 Asp Pro Gly Asp Lys Ala Gly Val Gly Gly
Phe Met Leu Lys Ser Ala 465 470 475 480 Gln Asn Arg Val Glu Pro Ala
Ala Ala Val Ala Ala Ala Thr Ser Ser 485 490 495 Gln Val
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