U.S. patent application number 10/876995 was filed with the patent office on 2005-12-29 for conveyor system lubricant.
This patent application is currently assigned to Ecolab Inc.. Invention is credited to Lawrence, Michel, Wichmann, Gerald.
Application Number | 20050288191 10/876995 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35506722 |
Filed Date | 2005-12-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050288191 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Lawrence, Michel ; et
al. |
December 29, 2005 |
Conveyor system lubricant
Abstract
A conveyor lubricant including an effective lubricating amount
of at least one lubricant and at least one protectant which is an
alkanolamide, alkyl ether sulfonate, acetylenic diol, alkyl ether
carboxylic acid or salt thereof, alkylated diphenyl oxide
disulfonic acid or salt thereof or a mixture thereof, and methods
of using the same.
Inventors: |
Lawrence, Michel; (Inver
Grove Heights, MN) ; Wichmann, Gerald; (Maple Grove,
MN) |
Correspondence
Address: |
VIDAS, ARRETT & STEINKRAUS, P.A.
6109 BLUE CIRCLE DRIVE
SUITE 2000
MINNETONKA
MN
55343-9185
US
|
Assignee: |
Ecolab Inc.
St. Paul
MN
55118
|
Family ID: |
35506722 |
Appl. No.: |
10/876995 |
Filed: |
June 24, 2004 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/208 ;
508/405; 508/516; 508/539; 508/555; 508/579; 508/583 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M 2207/126 20130101;
C10M 2209/12 20130101; C10M 2201/082 20130101; C10M 2229/02
20130101; C10N 2010/04 20130101; C10M 2209/108 20130101; C10M
2215/082 20130101; C10M 2207/122 20130101; C10M 2207/0225 20130101;
C10N 2040/38 20200501; C10M 2215/04 20130101; C10M 2207/1253
20130101; C10M 2215/042 20130101; C10M 2207/128 20130101; C10M
2207/046 20130101; C10M 2207/289 20130101; C10M 173/025 20130101;
C10M 2201/022 20130101; C10M 2219/044 20130101; C10M 2209/104
20130101; C10M 2209/104 20130101; C10M 2209/105 20130101; C10M
2209/104 20130101; C10M 2209/108 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/208 ;
508/405; 508/516; 508/539; 508/555; 508/579; 508/583 |
International
Class: |
C10M 141/00 |
Claims
What we claim is:
1. A conveyor lubricant composition comprising an effective
lubricating amount of at least one lubricant and at least one
protectant which is a member selected from the group consisting of
alkanolamides, alkyl ether sulfonates, acetylenic diols, alkyl
ether carboxylic acids or salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.
2. The conveyor lubricant of claim 1 wherein said at least one
porotectant is an acetylenic diol employed in combination with at
least one alkylated iphenyl oxide disulfonic acid or salt thereof,
and mixtures thereof.
2. A conveyor lubricant as in claim 1 comprising about 0.1 wt-% to
about 25 wt-% of said at least one protectant.
3. A conveyor lubricant as in claim 1 comprising about 0.5 wt-% to
about 15 wt-% of said at least one lubricant.
4. A conveyor lubricant as in claim 1 comprising at least one
lubricant which is a member selected from the group consisting of
silicones, nonionic surfactants, fatty acids or salts thereof,
amines, amine acetates, and mixtures thereof.
5. A conveyor lubricant as in claim 4 wherein said at least one
lubricant is a nonionic surfactant which is an ethylene
oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer.
6. A conveyor lubricant as in claim 5 wherein said conveyor
lubricant composition further comprises hydrogen peroxide.
7. A conveyor lubricant as in claim 1 wherein said at least one
lubricant is a salt of oleic acid.
8. A conveyor lubricant as in claim 1 wherein at least one
protectant is an alkanolamide.
9. A conveyor lubricant as in claim 8 wherein said alkonalamide is
employed at a concentration of greater than about 5 wt-% up to
about 15 wt-%.
10. A conveyor lubricant as in claim 1 wherein at least one
protectant is an alkyl ether sulfonate.
11. A conveyor lubricant as in claim 10 wherein said alkl ether
sulfonate is employed at a concentration of about 5 wt-% to about
20 wt-% and said lubricant is selected from the group consisting of
silicones, fatty acids, amine acetates and mixtures thereof.
12. A conveyor lubricant as in claim 1 wherein at least one
protectant is an alkyl ether carboxylic acid or salt thereof, and
at least one lubricant is a nonionic surfactant, a fatty acid or
salt thereof, an amine acetate, or mixture thereof.
13. The conveyor lubricant of claim 12 wherein said at least one
lubricant is a nonionic surfactant which is an ethylene
oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer.
14. A conveyor lubricant as in claim 12 wherein said at least one
protectant is an alkyl ether carboxylic acid or salt thereof is
employed at a concentration of about 5 wt-% to about 10 wt-%.
15. A conveyor lubricant as claim 1 wherein said at least one
protectant is an acetylenic diol and at least one lubricant is a
silicone, an amine acetate or mixture thereof.
16. A conveyor lubricant as in claim 15 wherein said acetylenic
diol is employed at a concentration of about 1 wt-% or less.
17. A container or a conveyor for a container, whose surface is
coated at least in part with a lubricant composition comprising at
least one lubricating agent and at least one protectant which is
selected from the group consisting of alkanolamides, alkyl ether
sulfonates, acetylenic diols, alkyl ether carboxylic acids or salts
thereof and mixtures thereof.
18. A container or conveyor as in claim 17, wherein the container
is a beverage container.
19. A container or conveyor as in claim 17 wherein the container is
made from polyalkylene terephthalate.
20. A container or conveyor as in claim 17 wherein said at least
one lubricating agent is selected from the group consisting of
silicones, nonionic surfactants, fatty acids or salts thereof,
amines, amine acetates, and mixtures thereof.
21. A container or conveyor as in claim 20 wherein said at least
one lubricating agent is a nonionic surfactant which is an ethylene
oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer.
22. A method of preventing or reducing stress cracking of polymeric
containers comprising treating the container with a lubricating
composition comprising at least one lubricant and at least one
protectant selected from the group consisting of alkanolamides,
alkyl ether sulfonates, acetylenic diols, alkyl ether carboxylic
acids or salts thereof and mixtures thereof.
23. A method as in claim 22 wherein said polymeric container
comprises a polyalkylene terephthalate.
24. A method as in claim 22 wherein said at least one lubricant is
selected from the group consisting of silicones, nonionic
surfactants, fatty acids or salts thereof, amines, amine acetates,
and mixtures thereof.
25. A method as in claim 24 wherein said at least one lubricant is
a nonionic surfactant which is an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide
block copolymer.
26. A method as in claim 25 wherein said at least one lubricant
further comprises hydrogen peroxide.
27. A method as in claim 26 wherein said at least one protectant is
an alkanolamide, an alkyl ether carboxylic acid or salt thereof, or
a mixture thereof.
28. A method as in claim 24 wherein said at least one lubricant is
a salt of oleic acid
29. A method as in claim 22 wherein said at least one lubricant is
a silicone or amine acetate, and at least one protectant is an
acetylenic diol at a concentration of about 1 wt-% or less.
30. A method as in claim 22 wherein said at least one lubricant is
a silicone, a fatty acid or salt thereof, an amine acetate or
mixture thereof, and at least one protectant is an alkyl ether
sulfonate at a concentration of greater than about 5 wt-% to about
15 wt-%.
31. A method as in claim 22 wherein said at least one lubricant is
a fatthy acid or salt thereof a nonionic surfactant, an amine
acetate or mixture thereof, and at least one protectant is an alkyl
ether carboxylic acid or salt thereof employed at a concentration
of about 5 wt-% to about 10 wt-%.
32. A method as in claim 31 wherein said at least one lubricant is
a nonionic surfactant which is an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide
block copolymer.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to conveyor lubricant
compositions and to methods of using the same.
[0002] In commercial container filling or packaging operations, the
containers typically are moved by a conveying system at very high
rates of speed. In most packaging operations, the containers are
moved along conveying systems, usually in an upright position, with
the opening of the container facing vertically up or down, and are
moved from station to station, where various operations are
performed including, for example, filling, capping, labeling,
sealing, and so forth. Thus, in particular in the beverage
industry, it is important that the containers move without
hindrance along the conveyor such that no liquid is spilled onto
the conveyor during the times when the containers are open. This is
particularly important for dairy based beverages such as milk
because milk can coagulate on the equipment surfaces. Lubricants
are thus commonly used to ensure the appropriate movement of the
containers on the conveyor.
[0003] Lubricant compositions are used on conveying systems in the
beverage industry during the filling of containers with dairy
products or other beverages. The conveyor systems are thus
typically lubricated to reduce friction between the package and the
load bearing surface of the conveyor. These lubricants are
typically applied to the conveyor belts and/or the containers to
reduce friction between the container and the conveyor which
facilitates unhindered conveyance of bottles on the conveyor belt.
These lubricants may also be referred to as chain conveyor or belt
lubricants.
[0004] Not only are good lubricating properties important, there
are other important considerations when selecting a lubricant for
use in the beverage bottling industry. One such consideration is
that the lubricant be compatible with the beverage such that it
does not form coagulates or other solid deposits when it
accidentally contacts spilled beverages on the conveyor system.
Formation of such deposits on a conveyor can change the lubricity
of the conveyor and require shutdown to permit cleanup. The
lubricant must also be readily cleaned from the equipment.
[0005] In the commercial distribution of most beverages, the
beverages are packaged in containers of varying sizes, such
containers being in the form of cartons, cans, bottles, tetrapack
packages, waxed carton packs, and other forms of containers. The
containers, in addition to their many possible formats and
constructions, may comprise many different types of materials, such
as metals, glasses, ceramics, papers, treated papers, waxed papers,
composites, layered structures, and polymeric materials.
[0006] Polymeric materials are commonly employed in the beverage
industry. Examples of commonly used polymeric materials include,
for example, polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene,
polystyrene, copolymers thereof; polyesters and copolymers thereof
such as polyethyleneterephthalate and polyethylenenaphthalate;
polyamides and copolymers thereof; polycarbonates and copolymers
thereof; and so forth and mixtures thereof. Some aqueous conveyor
lubricants are incompatible with thermoplastic beverage containers
made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and other plastics, for
example, and can cause stress cracking (crazing and cracking that
occurs when the plastic polymer is under tension) in carbonated
beverage filled plastic containers.
[0007] There remains a need in the industry for to provide an
alternative to currently available lubricants for containers and
conveyors that overcome one or more of the disadvantages of
currently used lubricants.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention relates to lubricants for conveyors
and for containers which includes an effective lubricating amount
of at least one lubricant and at least one protectant which is an
alkanolamide, alkyl ether sulfonate, acetylenic diol, alkyl ether
carboxylic acid or salt thereof, alkylated diphenyloxide disulfonic
acid or salt thereof or mixture thereof.
[0009] The present invention is not limited by the type of
lubricant employed. In some embodiments, the lubricant is an
amine-based lubricant such as an amine acetate, a fatty acid or
salt thereof, silicone including polymers, emulsions and oils,
nonionic surfactant lubricants, phosphate esters and mixtures
thereof.
[0010] Other amine based lubricants include the fatty amines,
primary, secondary and tertiary amines, diamines, alkanolamines,
and so forth.
[0011] Nonionic surfactant lubricants include, but are not limited
to, the ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers, alcohol
alkoxylates, such as the alcohol ethoxylates and alcohol
propoxylates, and so forth.
[0012] As used herein, the term "block copolymer" shall hereinafter
refer to diblocks, triblocks, and so forth.
[0013] In some embodiments, the lubricant includes hydrogen
peroxide. In these embodiments, the protectants found to be very
effective include the alkanolamides, alkyl ether carboxylic acids
or salts thereof or mixtures thereof.
[0014] In one embodiment, the lubricant composition includes an
ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer and hydrogen
peroxide.
[0015] The protectants, in general, have been found to be useful at
concentrations of about 1 wt-% to about 25 wt-%. For some
lubricants, the effective concentration may be about 1 wt-% or
less. For other lubricants, the effective concentration may be from
about 5 wt-% to about 15 wt-%. This has been found to be dependent
on, for one thing, the combination of the lubricant and the
protectant employed.
[0016] The lubricants are useful at concentrations of about 0.1
wt-% to about 50 wt-%, more suitably about 0.5 wt-% to about 20
wt-%, and most suitably about 1 wt-% to about 10 wt-%.
[0017] Other optional ingredients include, but are not limited to,
surfactants, antimicrobial agents, preservatives, water
conditioning agents, and so forth. Such additives are known to
those of skill in the art.
[0018] The present invention further relates to methods of using
the lubricant compositions according to the present invention. One
such method includes lubricating a continuously-moving conveyor
system for transporting packages wherein the conveyor system is
wetted with an aqueous lubricant composition including at least one
ether carboxylate and at least one foam destabilizer according to
the present invention.
[0019] The lubricant composition may be provided to the end user as
a concentrate, or the method may include the step of diluting the
concentrate prior to application of the concentrate to the
desirable location of the conveyor system, or the lubricant may be
supplied in diluted use form. The lubricant composition may be
applied to the conveyor system using any techniques known in the
art such as a spray method. Application may involve applying the
lubricant to the conveyor and/or to the package or container
itself.
[0020] These and other advantages of the present invention will be
more readily understood by those skilled in the art from a reading
of the following detailed description.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0021] While this invention may be embodied in many different
forms, there are described in detail herein specific embodiments of
the invention. This description is an exemplification of the
principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the
invention to the particular embodiments illustrated.
[0022] The present invention relates to lubricant compositions
which include at least one additive or protectant for inhibiting
stress cracking and hazing of polymeric articles, particularly
those formed from polyolefins, polyesters, or mixtures thereof. In
particular, the lubricant compositions find utility in lubricating
conveyors wherein articles formed from polyalkylene terephthalates
such as polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene
terephthalate.
[0023] A. Protectants
[0024] The protectants which find utility herein include
alkanolamides, alkyl ether sulfonates, acetylenic diols, alkyl
ether carboxylic acids or salts thereof, alkylated diphenyl oxide
disulfonic acids or salts thereof or mixtures thereof.
[0025] Suitable commercially available examples include, but are
not limited to, alkanolamides such as Alkamide.RTM. DC-212/SE
available from Rhone-Poulenc Co.; alkyl ether sulfonates such as
Avanel.RTM. S74 available from BASF Corp.; acetylenic diols such as
those sold under the tradename of Surfonyl.RTM. 104 available from
Air Products; alkyl ether carboxylic acids or salts thereof such as
those sold under the tradename of Sandopan.RTM. DTC available from
Clariant Corp.
[0026] Alkylated diphenyl oxide disulfonic acids or salts thereof
available under the tradename of Dowfax.RTM. such as Dowfax.RTM.
2A1 available from Dow Chemical Co. are found to be beneificial
when employed in combination with acetylenic diols such as
Surfonyl.RTM. 14.
[0027] The protectants are suitable for use in amounts of about 0.1
wt-% to about 20 wt-%, and mores suitably about 0.5 wt-% to about
15 wt-%. These amounts may vary depending on the type of protectant
or mixture thereof which is employed, as well as the lubricant base
employed.
[0028] B. Lubricants
[0029] The present invention is not limited by the lubricant which
may be employed herein. Any lubricants known in the art may find
utility in the compositions of the present invention and including
synthetic lubricants such as silicones, glycerin, petroleum based
lubricants such as mineral oil, and natural lubricants including
fatty oils and animal and vegetable oils including those which are
edible.
[0030] Lubricants come in a variety of classes including, for
example, fatty acids and salts thereof, or soaps; fatty amines;
alkanolamines; primary, secondary and tertiary amines; diamines;
amphoteric, cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants; phosphate
esters; silicones; methyl parabens; and so forth. Acids also may
come in a salt form which has been neutralized with a base such as
potassium or sodium hydroxide.
[0031] More specific examples includes, but are not limited to,
synthetic hydrocarbons; organic esters; high molecular weight
alcohols; carboxylic acids including oleic acid or salts thereof;
perfluoroalkylpolyethers (PFPE); silicates; silicones including
oils and emulsions as well as the polymers thereof; fluoropolymers
such as chlorotrifluoroethylene; polyphenyl ethers; poly(alkylene)
glycol(s) including polyethylene and polypropylene glycols;
oxypolyalkylene glycols; copolymers of ethylene and propylene
oxide, polyhydroxy compounds; ethoxylated amines; primary,
secondary and tertiary amines; alkanolamines; fatty acid amines
including N-coco B-Amino propionic acid amphoteric surfactant;
perfluoroalkylpolyethers (PFPE); polyhydroxy compounds; and so
forth and mixtures thereof. This list is intended for illustrative
purposes only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the
present invention.
[0032] In some embodiments, the lubricants employed are silicones
including polymers, oils and emulsions; fatty acids and salts
thereof; amines such as amine acetates; and nonionic
surfactants.
[0033] In one embodiment, a nonionic surfactant which is an
ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymer is employed.
A specific example of such EO/PO block copolymers include triblock
copolymers which have the following general structure:
(EO).sub.x(PO).sub.y(PO).sub.z
[0034] wherein EO represents ethylene oxide residue, PO represents
propylene oxide residue, x equals an integer of about 2 to about
100, y equals an integer of about 2 to about 100 and z equals a
integer of about 2 to 100 and those having the following general
formula:
(EO).sub.x(PO).sub.y(EO).sub.z
[0035] wherein x, y and z are independently selected from the group
of numbers that range from about 2 to about 100. These lubricants
are available from BASF under the tradename of PLURONIC.RTM. and
include PLURONIC.RTM. 10R5 and PLURONIC.RTM. F108 which is an
EO--PO-EO triblock polymer. As used herein the term "block
copolymer" shall be hereinafter used to include diblocks,
triblocks, and so forth.
[0036] Another example of suitable lubricants are the alkoxylated
alcohols including ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols. A
specific example is TOMADOL.RTM. 45-13, an alcohol ethoxylate which
includes a 14-15 carbon alcohol with 13 moles ethylene oxide
available from Tomah Products, Inc. in Milton, Wis.
[0037] Another specific example are the alkyl polyglucosides
available from Cognis North America in Cincinnati, Ohio under the
tradename of GLUCOPON.RTM. including GLUCOPON.RTM. 220, 225, 425,
600 and 625.
[0038] Other specific examples of useful lubricants include oleic
acid, corn oil, mineral oil available from Vulcan Oil and Chemical
Products under the Bacchus.RTM. trademark; fluorinated oils and
fluorinated greases, available from DuPont in Wilmington, Del.
under the trademark Krytox.RTM.; siloxane fluids available from
General Electric silicones, such as SF96-5 and SF 1147 and other
silicone emulsions; synthetic oils and their mixture with PTFE
available from Synco Chemical under the trademark Super Lube.RTM.;
polyalkylene glycols from Union Carbide such as UCON.RTM. LB625 and
CARBOWAX.RTM. 300; block copolymer surfactants such as UCON.RTM.
50HB660 ethylene oxide(EO)/propylene oxide (PO) monobutyl ether;
and so on and so forth.
[0039] Lubricants are available in solid form as well. Examples
include, but are not limited to, molybdenum disulfide, boron
nitride, graphite, silica particles, silicone gums and particles,
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon), fluoroethylene-propylene
copolymers (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy resins (PFA),
ethylene-chloro-trifluoroethylene alternating copolymers (ECTFE),
poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), and the like. The lubricant
composition can contain an effective amount of a water-based
cleaning agent-removable solid lubricant based on the weight of the
lubricant composition. The lubricant composition can also contain a
solid lubricant as a suspension in a substantially aqueous or
non-aqueous liquid.
[0040] Lubricants are useful from about 0.1 wt-% to about 50 wt-%
of the composition, suitably about 0.5 wt-% to about 20 wt-%, and
most suitably about 1 wt-% to about 10 wt-%.
[0041] The above lists are not exhaustive, and are intended for
illustrative purposes only, and not as a limitation on the scope of
the present invention. One of ordinary skill in the art has
knowledge of such lubricants. Suitable lubricants are described,
for example, in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,576,298, U.S.
Pat. No. 5,925,610, US 5559087 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,352,376, each of
which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0042] The lubricant compositions used in the invention may be
available as concentrates, or as diluted use solutions. As such,
the lubricant compositions may contain water or a hydrophilic
diluent, as a component or components in the lubricant composition
as sold or added just prior to use. Suitably, the lubricant
composition does not require in-line dilution with significant
amounts of water, that is, it can be applied with little or no
dilution.
[0043] Suitably, the lubricant compositions include about 1 wt-% to
about 90 wt-% water, and more suitably about 25 wt-% to about 85
wt-% and most suitably about 50 wt-% to about 85 wt-%. Of course,
such compositions can be further diluted during use.
[0044] The lubricant compositions may be diluted with water at a
ratio of about 1:200 to about 1:1000, suitably about 1:600 to about
1:800 of the composition to water.
[0045] A variety of other optional ingredients may be incorporated
into the compositions including, but not limited to, pH adjusters
such as potassium or sodium hydroxide or other neutralizing agents,
surfactants, emulsifiers, sequestrants, hydrotropes, solubilizers,
other lubricants, buffers such as potassium carbonate, detergents,
bleaching or decolorizing agents, antioxidants, preservatives such
as methyl paraben, antistatic agents, binders, thickeners or other
viscosity modifiers, processing aids, carriers, water-conditioning
agents, antimicrobial agents, foam inhibitors or foam generators,
film formers, combinations thereof, and so forth. The amounts and
types of such additional components are apparent to those skilled
in the art.
[0046] The lubricant compositions according to the invention are
non-corrosive, and can also provide protective properties to
plastic containers such as polyalkylene terephthalate containers
including PET and PBT. However, the lubricant compositions
according to the present invention can be used in any application
where lubricity is desired, as well as on any of a variety of
materials other than plastics such as glass, metal including
aluminum cans, treated and coated papers, laminates and composites,
ceramics, and so forth can be treated.
[0047] The term container as used herein may include any receptacle
in which some material is or will be held or carried. Such
containers come in a variety of shapes and sizes. The containers
may include beverages, solid and non-solid foodstuffs, as well as
non-food items. The containers may be employed in beverage
operations such as breweries and soft drinks, fruit juices, water,
alcoholic beverages such as wine, and so forth.
[0048] The lubricant composition can be applied to a conveyor
system surface that comes into contact with containers, the
container surface that needs lubricity, or both. The surface of the
conveyor that supports the containers may comprise fabric, metal,
plastic, elastomer, composites, or mixture of these materials. Any
type of conveyor system used in the field can be treated according
to the present invention.
[0049] The lubricant composition can be applied in any desired
manner, for example, by spraying, wiping, rolling, brushing, or a
combination of any of these, to the conveyor surface and/or the
container surface. If the container surface is coated, it is only
necessary to coat the surfaces that come into contact with the
conveyor, and/or that come into contact with other containers.
Similarly, only portions of the conveyor that contacts the
containers need to be treated.
EXAMPLES
[0050] Test Methods
[0051] 1. PET Bottle Sress Test (#Failures/24)
[0052] Standard 2-liter PET beverage bottles (commercially
available from Constar International) were charged with 1850 g of
chilled water, 31.0 g of sodium bicarbonate and 31.0 g of citric
acid. The charged bottle was capped, rinsed with deionized water
and set on clean plastic lines or paper towels overnight. The
bottoms of 12 bottles were dipped in a 200 g sample of 0.5% lube
solution which was prepared using DI water with 200 ppm added
alkalinity. The bottles were then placed in a bin and 85.2 g of the
lube solution is evenly distributed to the bottom of the bin. The
bottles/bin were stored in an environmental chamber at 37.8.degree.
C., 90% relative humidity for 28 days. Burst bottles were tracked
throughout the test. The bottles were removed from the chamber,
observed for crazes, creases and crack patterns on the bottom. The
bottles were rated using the following method, and an overall grade
assigned.
[0053] 0=No signs of crazing to infrequent small, shallow
crazes.
[0054] 0.5=Infrequent small, shallow to infrequent medium depth
crazes, which cannot or barely be felt with fingernail.
[0055] 1.0=Frequent small, shallow to infrequent medium depth
crazes which cannot or barely be felt with fingernail.
[0056] 1.5=Infrequent medium depth to infrequent deep crazes.
[0057] 2.0=Frequent medium depth to infrequent deep crazes.
[0058] 2.5=Infrequent deep crazes.
[0059] 3.0=Frequent deep crazes.
[0060] 3.5=Frequent deep crazes and looks like it should have been
a leaker.
[0061] 4.0=Leakers or Bottle burst before the end of the 14-30 day
test.
[0062] The following base compositions having no added protectant
were prepared according to the formulas found in Table 1.
1 TABLE 1 Chemical Comp Comp Comp Comp description A B C D Si
Emulsion Silicone 5.0 -- -- -- lubricant Pluronic .RTM. EO/PO/EO
0.3 -- -- -- F-108 (BASF) triblock copolymer lubricant Methyl
paraben Preservative 0.2 -- -- -- Tomadol .RTM. C.sub.14-15 -- 5.0
-- -- 45-13 (Tomah alcohol/13 Products, Inc) moles ethylene oxide;
lubricant Pluronic .RTM. EO/PO/EO -- 3.0 -- -- 10R5 (BASF) triblock
copolymer lubricant Glucopon .RTM. Alkyl -- 1.0 -- -- 625 (Cognis
polyglucoside No. America) surfactant; lubricant H2O2; 35% Calcium
-- 5.7 -- -- chloride Calcium Conditioner -- -- -- 1.0 chloride
Oleyl Lubricant -- -- -- 7.5 diaminopropane Acetic acid;
Neutralizer -- -- -- 8.04 80% Lauryl propyl Lubricant -- -- -- 3.0
diamine Dimethyl Lubricant -- -- -- 4.5 lauryl amine Polyethylene
Lubricant -- -- -- 3.0 glycol coco amine Isotridecyl Detergent --
-- -- 9.0 alcohol/9 mole ethoxylate Potassium Buffer -- -- 8.48
1.65 hydroxide; 50% Propylene Cold Temp -- -- 14.98 -- glycol
Solvent Na salt Fatty acid -- -- 20.00 -- oleic acid lubricant DI
water Carrier 94.5 85.3 56.54 62.31
[0063] Comparative examples A, B, C and D, without any protectant,
were employed as the base compositions for testing a variety of
compositions found in the table below. The protectant was added and
an equivalent amount of DI water was removed from each formula. The
compositions were then tested using Test Method No. 1 described
above. The results are shown in the same table.
2 TABLE 2 Failures Grade Comparative A Nonionic lubricant 2 1.35
with H2O2 Comparative E Comp A with 10% 4 1.69 Avanel .RTM. S-74
Comparative F Comp A with 20% 4 1.58 Avanel .RTM. S-74 Comparative
G Comp A with 5% 2 1.40 Alkamide .RTM. DC 212/SE Example 1 Comp A
with 10% 1 0.92 Alkamide .RTM. DC 212/SE Example 2 Comp A with 5% 1
1.08 Sandopan .RTM. DTC Comparative H Comp A with 10% 2 1.08
Sandopan .RTM. DTC Comparative I Comp A with 0.5% 2 1.23 Surfonyl
.RTM. 104 Example 3 Comp A with 0.5% 1 1.33 Surfonyl .RTM. 104 and
5% Dowfax .RTM. 2A1
[0064]
3 TABLE 3 Failures (#/24) Grade Comparative B Silicone emulsion 4
1.25 lubricant Comparative J Comp B with 10% 6 1.81 Avanel .RTM.
S-74 Comparative K Comp B with 20% 2.5 1.27 Avanel .RTM. S-74
Example 4 Compa B with 5% 1 1.29 Alkamide .RTM. DC 212/SE
Comparative L Comp B with 10% 2 1.33 Alkamide .RTM. DC 212/SE
Comparative M Comp B with 5% 3 1.46 Sandopan .RTM. DTC Comparative
N Comp B with 10% 3 1.50 Sandopan .RTM. DTC Example 5 Comp B with
0.5% 1 1.31 Surfonyl .RTM. 104
[0065]
4 TABLE 4 Failures (#/24) Grade Comparative C Fatty acid lubricant
6 1.13 Example 6 Comp C with 5% 6 1.81 Alkamide .RTM. DC 212/SE
Comparative O Comp C with 10% 2.5 1.27 Alkamide .RTM. DC 212/SE
Comparative P Comp C with 5% 1 1.29 Sandopan .RTM. DTC Example 7
Comp C with 10% 2 1.33 Sandopan .RTM. DTC Comparative Q Comp C with
0.5% 3 1.46 Surfonyl .RTM. 104 Comparative R Comp C with 0.5% 3
1.50 Surfonyl .RTM. 104 and 5% Dowfax .RTM. 2A1 Example 8 Comp C
with 5% 1 1.31 Avanel .RTM. S-74 Comparative S Comp C with 10% 4
1.94 Avanel .RTM. S-74
[0066]
5 TABLE 5 Failures (#/24) Grade Comparative D Amine acetate 3 1.88
lubricant Example 9 Comp D with 5% 0 1.92 Alkamide .RTM. DC 212/SE
Comparative T Comp D with 10% 2 1.96 Alkamide .RTM. DC 212/SE
Comparative U Comp D with 5% 2 2.27 Sandopan .RTM. DTC Example 10
Comp D with 10% 0 1.02 Sandopan .RTM. DTC Example 11 Comp D with 1%
0 0.79 Surfynol .RTM. 104 Example 12 Comp D with 1% 0 0.88 Surfynol
.RTM. 104 and 5% Dowfax .RTM. 2A1 Example 13 Comp D with 5% 0 1.04
Avanel .RTM. S-74 Example 14 Comp D with 10% 0 0.85 Avanel .RTM.
S-74
[0067]
6TABLE 6 Summary of Results Lubricant type Nonionic with Silicone
Fatty Amine Protectant Type H2O2 Emulsion acid acetate alkyl ether
No .gtoreq.20% .ltoreq.10% .ltoreq.10% sulfonate Alkanolamide
.gtoreq.10% .ltoreq.10% .ltoreq.10% .ltoreq.10% Alkyl ether 5%
Little or none .gtoreq.5% .ltoreq.10% carboxylate Acetylenic Diol
No Yes No yes
[0068] The combinations of lubricants and protectants, as well as
the concentrations, found in table 6 exhibited superior results
over other combinations.
[0069] The above disclosure is intended for illustrative purposes
only and is not exhaustive. The embodiments described therein will
suggest many variations and alternatives to one of ordinary skill
in this art. All these alternatives and variations are intended to
be included within the scope of the attached claims. Those familiar
with the art may recognize other equivalents to the specific
embodiments described herein which equivalents are also intended to
be encompassed by the claims attached hereto.
* * * * *