U.S. patent application number 10/867051 was filed with the patent office on 2005-12-29 for fire retardant panel door and door frame having intumescent materials therein.
Invention is credited to Autovino, Enrico, Jelinski, James.
Application Number | 20050284030 10/867051 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35503978 |
Filed Date | 2005-12-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050284030 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Autovino, Enrico ; et
al. |
December 29, 2005 |
Fire retardant panel door and door frame having intumescent
materials therein
Abstract
A fire retardant panel door and door frame that prevents the
spread of fire through the door during a fire. The fire retardant
panel door has at least one door panel and stiles and rails. The
door panel includes an interior center composite section formed by
a first plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a first
plurality of layers of fire resistant materials disposed between
and laminated to a pair of outer sections formed of wood for
enclosing the interior center composite section to form a composite
laminated door panel. Each of the stiles includes a first center
core formed of wood enclosed by a second plurality of layers of
intumescent materials and a second plurality of layers of fire
resistant materials; and the second layers of intumescent and fire
resistant materials are enclosed by a first applique layer formed
of wood to form a composite laminated stile. Each of the rails
includes a second center core formed of wood enclosed by a third
plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a third plurality
of layers of fire resistant materials; and the third layers of
intumescent and fire resistant materials are enclosed by a second
applique layer formed of wood to form a composite laminated rail.
The first, second, and third plurality of layers of intumescent
materials are activated to expand upon exposure to heat and/or fire
to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through at least one
door panel, the stiles and the rails of the panel door during a
fire for at least 90 minutes. At least one door panel is connected
to the panel door by tongue and groove joints; and the tongue and
groove joints have a fourth plurality of layers of intumescent
materials and a fourth plurality of layers of fire resistant
materials in the tongue and groove joints; and wherein the fourth
plurality of layers of fire resistant materials in the tongue and
groove joints are activated to expand upon exposure to heat and/or
fire to seal the joints in order to prevent the heat and/or fire
from passing through the panel door during a fire for at least 90
minutes.
Inventors: |
Autovino, Enrico; (Avenel,
NJ) ; Jelinski, James; (Avenel, NJ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
EZRA SUTTON
PLAZA 9
900 ROUTE 9
WOODBRIDGE
NJ
07095
US
|
Family ID: |
35503978 |
Appl. No.: |
10/867051 |
Filed: |
June 14, 2004 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E06B 2003/7063 20130101;
E06B 3/74 20130101; E06B 5/161 20130101; E06B 2003/7073 20130101;
E06B 2003/7059 20130101; E06B 5/164 20130101; E06B 5/16 20130101;
E06B 2003/7051 20130101; E05B 65/104 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
052/001 |
International
Class: |
E04H 014/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A fire retardant panel door, comprising: a) a panel door having
at least one door panel and stiles and rails; b) said door panel
including an interior composite section formed by a first plurality
of layers of intumescent materials and a first plurality of layers
of fire resistant materials disposed between and laminated to a
pair of outer sections formed of wood for enclosing said interior
composite section to form a composite laminated door panel; c) each
of said stiles including a first core formed of wood enclosed by a
second plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a second
plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; said second layers
of intumescent and fire resistant materials enclosed by a first
layer formed of wood to form a composite laminated stile; d) each
of said rails including a second core formed of wood enclosed by a
third plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a third
plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; said third layers
of intumescent and fire resistant materials enclosed by a second
layer formed of wood to form a composite laminated rail; e) said
first, second, and third plurality of layers of intumescent
materials being activated to expand upon exposure to heat and/or
fire to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through said at
least one door panel, said stiles and said rails of said panel door
during a fire for at least 90 minutes; and f) said at least one
door panel being connected to said panel door by joints; and said
joints having a fourth plurality of layers of intumescent materials
and a fourth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials;
wherein said fourth plurality of layers of intumescent materials in
said joints being activated to expand upon exposure to heat and/or
fire to seal said joints in order to prevent the heat and/or fire
from passing through said panel door during a fire for at least 90
minutes.
2. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said first plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes
four intumescent layers and said first plurality of layers of fire
resistant materials includes two fire resistant barrier layers for
forming said interior composite section of said at least one door
panel.
3. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 2, wherein
at least one of said four intumescent layers includes sodium
silicate; and wherein at least one of said two fire resistant
barrier layers includes a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate
resin of said interior composite section.
4. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said second plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes
at least two intumescent layers and said second plurality of layers
of fire resistant materials includes two fire resistant barrier
layers for forming a first composite of said two intumescent layers
and said two fire resistant barrier layers within said composite
laminated stile.
5. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 4, wherein
at least one of said at least two intumescent layers includes
sodium silicate and wherein at least one of said at least two
intumescent layers includes rockwool silicates; and wherein at
least one of said two fire resistant barrier layers includes a fire
resistant metallo alumino silicate resin of said composite
laminated stile.
6. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said third plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes at
least two intumescent layers and said third plurality of layers of
fire resistant materials includes two fire resistant barrier layers
for forming a second composite of said two intumescent layers and
said two fire resistant barrier layers within said composite
laminated rail.
7. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 6, wherein
at least one of said at least two intumescent layers includes
sodium silicate and wherein at least one of said at least two
intumescent layers include rockwool silicates; and wherein at least
one of said two fire resistant barrier layers includes a fire
resistant metallo alumino silicate resin of said composite
laminated rail.
8. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said fourth plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes
four intumescent layers and wherein said fourth plurality of layers
of fire resistant materials includes two fire resistant barrier
layers for forming a third composite of said four intumescent
layers and said two fire resistant barrier layers within a tongue
section of said joints of said door panel.
9. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 8, wherein
at least one of said four intumescent layers includes sodium
silicate; and wherein at least one of said two fire resistant
barrier layers includes a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate
resin of said tongue section.
10. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
at least one layer of each of said first, second, third, and fourth
plurality of layers of intumescent materials is made from a sodium
silicate; wherein at least one layer of each of said second and
third plurality of layers of intumescent materials is made from
rockwool silicates; and wherein at least one layer of each of said
first, second, third and fourth plurality of layers of fire
resistant materials is made from a fire resistant metallo alumino
silicate resin.
11. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said wood of said pair of outer sections is selected from the group
consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar, and pine.
12. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said first plurality of layers of intumescent materials, said first
plurality of layers of fire resistant materials, and said pair of
outer sections of wood are laminated together using adhesive and
pressure to form said composite laminated door panel.
13. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said first wood core of said stile is a yellow poplar microllem
wood material.
14. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said first wood layer of said stile is selected from the group
consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
15. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 13,
wherein said first wood core, said second plurality of layers of
intumescent materials, said second plurality of layers of fire
resistant materials and said first wood layer are laminated
together using adhesive and pressure to form said composite
laminated stile.
16. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said second wood core of said rail is a yellow poplar microllem
wood material.
17. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said second wood layer of said rail is selected from the group
consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
18. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 17,
wherein said second wood core, said third plurality of layers of
intumescent materials, said third plurality of layers of fire
resistant materials and said second wood layer are laminated
together using adhesive and pressure to form said composite
laminated rail.
19. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said joints are tongue and groove joints.
20. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 19,
wherein said tongue and groove joints each include a tongue section
and a groove section.
21. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 20,
wherein each of said tongue sections and groove sections are held
together by attachment means.
22. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 21,
wherein said attachment means includes a staple and/or a nail
through said tongue section and a groove section of said tongue and
groove joints.
23. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said panel door includes perimeter edging having said third and
fourth plurality of layers of intumescent materials therein which
expand upon exposure to heat and/or fire to seal said perimeter
edging relative to a door frame in order to prevent the heat and/or
fire from passing through said panel door and said door frame
during a fire.
24. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said at least one door panel includes one or more mullions for
separating two or more door panels of said panel door.
25. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 24,
wherein each of said mullions includes a third core formed of wood
enclosed by a fifth plurality of layers of intumescent materials; a
fifth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; said fifth
layers of intumescent materials and said fifth layers of fire
resistant materials being enclosed by a third layer formed of wood
to form a composite laminated mullion.
26. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 24,
wherein said fifth plurality of layers of intumescent materials
includes at least two intumescent layers and wherein said fifth
plurality of layers of fire resistant materials includes two fire
resistant barrier layers for forming a fourth composite of said two
intumescent layers and said two fire resistant barrier layers
within said composite laminated mullion.
27. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 26,
wherein at least one of said at least two intumescent layers
includes sodium silicate and wherein at least one of said at least
two intumescent layers include rockwool silicates; and wherein at
least one of said two fire resistant barrier layers includes a fire
resistant metallo alumino silicate resin of said composite
laminated mullion.
28. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 24,
wherein said third wood core of said mullion is a yellow poplar
microllom wood material.
29. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 24,
wherein said third wood layer of said mullion is selected from the
group consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
30. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 24,
wherein said third wood core, said fifth plurality of layers of
intumescent materials, said fifth plurality of layers of fire
resistant materials and said third wood layer are laminated
together using adhesive and pressure to form said composite
laminated mullion.
31. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 23,
wherein said door frame includes jambs and an upper header.
32. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 31,
wherein each of said jambs includes a fourth core formed of wood
enclosed by a sixth plurality of layers of intumescent materials
and a sixth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; said
sixth layers of intumescent materials and said sixth plurality of
layers of fire resistant materials are enclosed by a fourth layer
formed of wood to form a composite laminated jamb.
33. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 32,
wherein said sixth plurality of layers of intumescent materials
includes at least one intumescent layer and wherein said sixth
plurality of layers of fire resistant material includes one fire
resistant barrier layer for forming a fifth composite of said one
intumescent layer and said one fire resistant barrier layer within
said composite laminated jamb.
34. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 33,
wherein at least one of said intumescent layers includes sodium
silicate; wherein at least one of said intumescent layers include
rockwool silicates; and wherein said fire resistant barrier layer
includes a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate resin.
35. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 32,
wherein said fourth wood core of said jamb is selected from the
group consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
36. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 32,
wherein said fourth wood layer of said jamb is selected from the
group consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
37. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 32,
wherein said fourth wood core, said sixth plurality of layers of
intumescent materials, said sixth plurality of layers of fire
resistant materials and said fourth wood layer are laminated
together using adhesive and pressure to form said composite
laminated jamb.
38. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 31,
wherein said upper header includes a fifth core formed of wood
enclosed by a seventh plurality of layers of intumescent materials
and a seventh plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; said
seventh layers of intumescent materials and said seventh plurality
of layers of fire resistant materials are enclosed by a fifth layer
formed of wood to form a composite laminated upper header on said
door frame.
39. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 38,
wherein said seventh plurality of layers of intumescent materials
includes two intumescent layers and wherein said seventh plurality
of layers of fire resistant materials includes at least one layer
of fire resistant barrier layer for forming a sixth composite of
said two intumescent layers and said one fire resistant barrier
layer within said composite laminated upper header.
40. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 39,
wherein at least one of said two intumescent layers includes sodium
silicate; and wherein at least one of said two intumescent layers
includes rockwool silicates; and wherein at least one of said fire
resistant barrier layers includes a fire resistant metallo alumino
silicate resin.
41. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 38,
wherein said fifth wood core of said upper header is selected from
the group consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
42. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 38,
wherein said fifth wood layer of said upper header is selected from
the group consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
43. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 38,
wherein said fifth wood core, said seventh plurality of layers of
intumescent materials, said seventh plurality of layers of fire
resistant materials and said fifth wood applique layer are
laminated together using adhesive and pressure to form said
composite laminated upper header.
44. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 38,
wherein said door frame includes perimeter surface walls having
said sixth and seventh plurality of layers of intumescent materials
therein which expand upon exposure to heat and/or fire to seal said
perimeter surface walls within said door frame in order to prevent
the heat and/or fire from passing through said panel door and said
door frame during a fire.
45. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, further
including a double door assembly having a first panel door with one
or more door panels, stiles, and rails, and having a second panel
door with one or more door panels, stiles, rails, and mullions
within a double door frame.
46. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 19,
wherein said tongue and groove joints include first air gaps
between said first plurality of layers of intumescent materials of
said door panel and said second plurality of layers of intumescent
materials of said stile for expansion of said first and second
plurality of layers of intumescent materials within said first air
gaps upon exposure to heat and/or fire to seal said tongue and
groove joints in order to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing
through said door panel and said stile during a fire.
47. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 19,
wherein said tongue and groove joints include second air gaps
between said first plurality of layers of intumescent materials of
said door panel and said third plurality of layers of intumescent
materials of said rail for expansion of said first and third
plurality of layers of intumescent materials within said second air
gaps upon exposure to heat and/or fire to seal said tongue and
groove joints in order to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing
through said door panel and said rail during a fire.
48. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 19,
wherein said tongue and groove joints include third air gaps
between said second plurality of layers of intumescent materials of
said stile and said third plurality of layers of intumescent
materials of said rail for expansion of said second and third
plurality of layers of intumescent materials within said third air
gaps upon exposure to heat and/or fire to seal said tongue and
groove joints in order to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing
through said stile and said rail during a fire.
49. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said first plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes
five intumescent layers and wherein said first plurality of layers
of fire resistant materials includes at least one fire resistant
barrier layer for forming said interior composite section.
50. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said composite laminated style further includes a plurality of
metal L-shaped beads being positioned between one of said second
plurality of layers of intumescent materials and one of said second
plurality of layers of fire resistant materials in conjunction with
said intumescent and fire resistant material layers together to
form an exoskeleton layer in order to further strengthen said
composite laminated stile.
51. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said composite laminated rail further includes a plurality of metal
L-shaped beads being positioned between one of said third plurality
of layers of intumescent materials and one of said third plurality
of layers of fire resistant materials in conjunction with said
intumescent and fire resistant material layers together to form an
exoskeleton layer in order to further strengthen said composite
laminated rail.
52. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 32,
wherein said composite laminated jamb further includes a pair of
metal L-shaped beads being positioned between one of said sixth
plurality of intumescent materials and one of said sixth plurality
of layers of fire resistant materials in conjunction with said
intumescent and fire resistant material layers together to form a
partial exoskeleton layer in order to further strengthen said
composite laminated jamb.
53. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
one of said composite laminated stiles includes an upper corner
having a heat activated door pin assembly therein.
54. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 53,
wherein said heat activated door pin assembly includes a housing
member and a hollow door bolt pin having an internal compressive
spring and a rod member therein.
55. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 54,
wherein said door bolt pin being movable from an unexpanded first
position to an expanded second position.
56. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 55,
wherein said compressible spring and said rod member together
include an upper rod end having a fusible solder link therein which
melts at least at 117.degree. F. allowing said combined
compressible spring and fusible solder link to eject said door bolt
pin through a strike plate opening of a strike plate located within
a bolt opening of said upper header to said expanded second
position in order to prevent any movement of said upper corner of
said stile of said fire retardant panel door relative to said door
frame.
57. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 54,
wherein said housing member includes a pin opening for receiving
said door bolt pin therein and having a proximal end and a distal
end.
58. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 57,
wherein said proximal end of said housing member of said heat
activated door pin assembly includes a pair of intumescent pads
which upon exposure to excessive heat and/or fire expands rapidly
to at least 22 times its original thickness in order to permanently
lock said door bolt pin in said expanded second position within
said upper-bolt opening of said upper header of said door
frame.
59. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein
on of said composite laminated stiles includes an upper corner
having a heat activated door hook assembly therein.
60. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 59,
wherein said heat activated door hook assembly includes a housing
member having an internal compressible spring having a first spring
end and a second spring end attached to a hook member having a hook
section fusible solder link therein.
61. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 60,
wherein said compressible spring and hook member being movable from
a tensioned first position to an untensioned second position.
62. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 61,
wherein said first spring end of said compressible spring is
detachably connected to a first end of said fusible solder link and
said second spring end of said compressible spring is attached to a
second end of said fusible solder link which melts at least at
117.degree. F. allowing said combined compressible spring and hook
member to rotatably move in a clockwise motion such that said hook
section of said hook member moves through a strike plate opening of
an upper strike plate located within an opening of said upper
header to said untensioned second position in order to prevent any
movement and buckling of said upper corner of said stile of said
fire retardant panel door relative to said door frame when exposed
to heat and/or fire.
63. A fire retardant panel door, comprising: a) a panel door having
a door panel; b) said door panel including an interior composite
section formed of a first plurality of layers of intumescent
materials and a first plurality of layers of fire resistant
materials disposed between and laminated to a pair of outer
sections formed of wood for enclosing said interior composite
section to form a composite laminated door panel; and c) said first
plurality of layers of intumescent materials being activated to
expand upon exposure to heat and/or fire to prevent the heat and/or
fire from passing through said door panel of said panel door and a
door frame during a fire.
64. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 63,
wherein said first plurality of layers of intumescent materials
includes at least five intumescent layers for forming said interior
composite section, wherein at least one of said at least five
intumescent layers includes sodium silicate and wherein at least
one of said at least five intumescent layers include rockwool
silicates; and wherein at least one of said fire resistant layers
includes a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate resin.
65. A heat activated door pin assembly for preventing the movement
and buckling of an upper free corner of a panel doors comprising:
a) a housing member being substantially cylindrically-shaped having
an opening and an interior compartment for receiving a hollow door
bolt pin therein, said interior compartment having a proximal end
and a distal end; b) said hollow door bolt pin including an
internal compressive spring and a rod member having a proximal rod
end and a distal rod end therein; c) said distal rod end of said
rod member including a fusible solder link; d) said fusible solder
link melting at least at 117.degree. F.; and e) said door bolt pin
being movable from an expanded first position to an expanded second
position when activated by excessive heat and/or fire.
66. A heat activated door pin assembly in accordance with claim 65,
wherein said compressible spring and said fusible solder link
activates at 117.degree. F. by excessive heat and/or fire allowing
said compressible spring to eject said door bolt pin through a
strike plate opening of a strike plate located within a bolt
opening of said upper header to said expanded second position in
order to prevent any movement and buckling of said upper free
corner of said fire retardant panel door relative to said door
frame.
67. A heat activated door pin assembly in accordance with claim 65,
wherein said proximal end of said housing member of said that heat
activated door pin assembly includes a pair of intumescent pads
which upon exposure to excessive heat and/or fire expands rapidly
to at least 22 times its original thickness in order to permanently
lock said door bolt pin in said expanded second position within
said upper-bolt opening of said upper header of said door
frame.
68. A heat activated door hook assembly for preventing the movement
and buckling of an upper free corner of a panel door, comprising:
a) a housing member being substantially rectangularly-shaped
housing a top wall in the form of a strike plate, a bottom wall, a
front wall, a rear wall and side walls for forming an interior
compartment; b) said interior compartment of said housing member
including a movable door hook member having a hook section, a shaft
opening, an end section, a front wall and a rear wall; a shaft
member; an internal compressible spring having a first spring end
and a second spring end; and a fusible solder link having a first
solder link end and a second solder link end; c) said strike plate
including a hook opening for receiving said hook section of said
movable door hook member and a solder link opening for receiving
said first solder link end of said fusible solder link
therethrough; d) said compressible spring being attached to said
front wall of said door hook member and adjacent to said shaft
opening; said shaft opening of said door hook member pivots on said
shaft member; e) said first spring end of said compressible spring
is received within a pin opening of said side wall in order to hold
said compressible spring in place on said side wall; f) said second
solder link end is attached to said second spring end of said
compressible spring, wherein said compressible spring is in an
unexpanded configuration; g) said fusible solder link melting at
least 117.degree. F.; and h) said hook section of said door hook
member and said compressible spring being rotatable in a clockwise
motion from a tensioned first position to an untensioned second
position when activated by excessive heat and/or fire.
69. A heat activated door hook assembly in accordance with claim
68, wherein said compressible spring and said fusible solder link
is activated at said 117.degree. F. by excessive heat and/or fire
allowing said compressive spring to rotatably move said hook
section of said door hook member through an upper strike plate
located within an opening of an upper header to said untensioned
second position in order to prevent any movement and buckling of
said upper free corner of said panel door relative to a door frame
when exposed to heat and/or fire.
70. A heat activated door hook assembly in accordance with claim
68, wherein said strike plate includes opposing ends each having a
mounting opening therethrough for receiving a mounting screw
therein.
71. A heat activated door hook assembly in accordance with claim
68, wherein said front and rear walls include shaft openings for
receiving and attaching said shaft member therein.
72. A heat activated door hook assembly in accordance with claim
68, wherein said bottom wall includes a bottom opening for
accessing said door hook member.
73. A heat activated door hook assembly in accordance with claim
71, wherein shaft opening of said door hook member pivots about
said attached shaft member, where then said hook section of said
door hook member rotatably moves within said upper strike opening
of said upper strike plate permanently such that said hook section
prevents any movement and buckling of said upper free corner of
said panel to said untensioned second position when activated by
excessive heat and/or fire.
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a fire retardant panel door
and door frame, and more particularly to a fire retardant panel
door and door frame that provides fire resistance using a plurality
of intumescent and fire resistant barrier layers therein for
preventing the spread of fire through the fire retardant panel door
and door frame.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] A fire retardant panel door, often referred to as a "fire
door," is installed in homes, commercial buildings, and industrial
plants for preventing the passage or spread of fire from one part
of the building to another. In the interest of public safety,
standards have been set by governmental agencies; and by municipal,
county and state building code authorities and insurance companies
for the installation and performance of fire doors. The standards
require that the fire retardant doors be installed in wall openings
and that they pass industry-wide acceptance tests.
[0003] Standard test methods for fire door assemblies, such as ASTM
E-152, UL 10(b) or NFPA 252, measure the ability of a door assembly
to remain in an opening during a fire to retard the passage of the
fire and evaluate the fire resistant properties of the door. In
conducting such tests, doors are mounted in an opening of a fire
proof wall. One side of the door is exposed to a predetermined
range of temperatures over a predetermined period of time, followed
by the application of a high pressure hose stream that causes the
door to erode and provides a thermal shock to the assembly. Doors
are given a fire rating based on the duration of the heat exposure
of 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, one hour, 11/2 hours or
three hours. The door assembly receives the fire rating when it
remains in the opening for the duration of the fire test and hose
stream, within certain limitations of movement and without
developing openings through the door either at the core or around
the edge material.
[0004] A fire door must be made almost entirely of incombustible
material. However, since a fire door is part of the interior or
exterior of a personal living space or workspace, it must also be
aesthetically pleasing. Usually, therefore, a core of incombustible
material comprising the main structure of the fire door is overlaid
with a thin wood veneer facing that provides the door with an
attractive appearance. Fire door assemblies often fail, not because
of the fire resistant properties of the fire door, but they fail
because of inadequate placement of the fire resistance materials
within the door, such that the fire door buckles. Additionally, the
fire resistant blocking material of a core section of the fire door
may need supplemental fire resistant materials strategically placed
within the fire door to add to its fire door rating.
[0005] There remains a need for a reinforced fire retardant panel
door and door frame which provides additional fire resistance using
layers of intumescent and fire resistant materials in the fire
retardant panel door and door frame in order to prevent buckling of
the fire retardant panel door and door frame during a fire.
Further, the reinforced fire retardant panel door would include
supplemental layers of fire resistant materials strategically
embedded within the structural components of the fire retardant
panel door.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
[0006] Fire retardant doors, and fire doors of various designs,
configurations, structures and materials of construction have been
disclosed in the prior art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,115,976 to
Gomez discloses an assembly for sealing a fire resistant door
within a door frame during a fire event. The door edge assembly
includes a plurality of door edges for receiving an intumescent
strip within a slot on each door edge. The intumescent strip is
constructed and designed to expand upon reaching a certain reaction
temperature when exposed to a fire event or other extreme heat
source. This prior art patent does not disclose or teach the
particular door structure having the use of intumescent and fire
resistant materials in the door panel, stiles, rails, door frame
and door joints in order to provide for a fire retardant panel door
that prevents buckling of the door during a fire, as well as
prevent the spread of fire through the door and door frame for at
least 90 minutes.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 5,816,017 to Hunt et al. discloses a fire
retardant door and exit device for the fire retardant door. The
fire retardant door includes a core of fire resistant blocking
material being Tectonite.TM. for providing the door with a fire
rating of at least 90 minutes. The fire door uses intumescent
material which expands when heated to fill the void in the channel
between the channel walls and the vertical extending rods within
the latch stile of the door. This prior art patent does not
disclose or teach the particular door structure having the use of
intumescent and fire resistant materials in the door panels,
stiles, rails, door frame and door joints in order to provide for a
fire retardant panel door that prevents buckling of the door during
a fire, as well as prevents the spread of fire through the door and
door frame for at least 90 minutes.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 5,417,024 to San Paolo discloses a fire
resistant panel door. The fire resistant panel door is constructed
from panels, stiles, mullion and rails having a core of fire
resistant material. The door components are joined together so that
the fire resistant material extends substantially continuously from
side to side and from top to bottom of the finished door. The fire
resistant core of each door panel is recessed within the fire
resistant core of the associated rails and stiles to reduce air
infiltration through the door which can compromise the door's fire
resistance. This prior art patent does not disclose or teach the
particular door structure having the use of intumescent and fire
resistant materials in the door panels, stiles, rails, door frame
and door joints in order to provide for a fire retardant panel door
that prevents buckling of the door during a fire for at least 90
minutes.
[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 4,930,276 to Bawa et al. discloses a fire door
window construction. The fire door includes a trim strip having
inner and outer members. The inner member is of a high density
incombustible mineral material or ceramic and is nailed in position
to securely and uniformly hold the pane of glass in the door
opening. The outer trim member is of a fire retardant particle
board and has an exposed wood veneer facing throughout. An
intumescent caulking compound is applied between an inner portion
of the outer trim member and the pane of glass. This prior art
patent does not disclose or teach the particular door structure
having the use of intumescent and fire resistant materials in the
door panels, stiles, rails, door frame and door joints in order to
provide for a fire retardant panel door that prevents buckling of
the door during a fire, as well as prevents the spread of fire
through the door and door frame for at least 90 minutes.
[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 4,441,296 to Grabendike et al. discloses a
fire resistant wood door structure designed to pass code and
testing laboratories' requirements. The fire resistant wood door
structure includes a door assembly having a support frame assembly
with a panel assembly connected to the support frame assembly. The
support frame assembly includes top, bottom, side, central and
transverse frame members. The panel members include a main body
connected through a peripheral edge by a double connector assembly.
The double connector assembly functions to only remove about 1/3 of
the door's normal 13/4 inch thickness during the burn testing
procedure, thus passing the fire resistant testing of 20 minutes.
This prior art patent does not disclose or teach the particular
door structure having the use of intumescent and fire resistant
materials in the door panels, stiles, rails, door frame and door
joints in order to provide for a fire retardant panel door that
prevents buckling of the door during a fire, as well as prevents
the spread of fire through the door and door frame for at least 90
minutes.
[0011] U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,529,742; 6,031,040; and 6,153,674 all
disclose the use of intumescent compounds/fire barrier materials
within door construction to reduce or eliminate the passage of
smoke and fire through the door and door frame. These prior art
patents do not disclose or teach the particular door structure
having the use of intumescent and fire resistant materials in the
door panels, stiles, rails, door frame and door joints in order to
provide for a fire retardant panel door that prevents buckling of
the door during a fire, as well as prevents the spread of fire
through the door and door frame for at least 90 minutes.
[0012] In addition, the aforementioned prior art patents do not
disclose or teach the particular structure and configuration of the
reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame of the present
invention that provides additional fire resistance to the door in
order to prevent the buckling of the door during a fire.
[0013] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to
provide a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that
prevents buckling of the door during a fire.
[0014] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that has
supplemental fire resistant materials strategically embedded and
placed within the tongue and groove joints of the fire resistant
panel door, as well as supplemental fire resistant materials placed
on the perimeter edges of the fire resistant panel door for
preventing the spread of fire through the door and door frame.
[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that has
intumescent and fire resistant material layers within the panel
door and door frame for preventing the spread of fire through the
door and door frame.
[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that has fire
resistant materials being multiple layers of intumescent material
that expands in the presence of fire such that the intumescent
material closes and seals the component tongue and groove joints,
as well as the perimeter edges of the fire retardant panel door for
preventing the spread of fire through the door and door frame.
[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that is used as
part of an interior or exterior personal living space, or workspace
being installed within home dwellings, commercial buildings or
industrial plants.
[0018] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that has stiles
and rails having metal L-shaped beads therein in order to form an
exoskeleton for further strengthening and tying together the stiles
and rails within the panel door in order to keep the panel door
from buckling during a fire.
[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
reinforced panel door and door frame that has improved aesthetic
qualities by having a maximum panel core thickness of 3/8 of an
inch allowing for a minimum thickness of 13/4 inches of the fire
resistant and reinforced panel door which allows for greater
profiling (depth) of the exterior wood molding between the center
panel and the stiles and rails.
[0020] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
reinforced panel door and door frame that includes a heat activated
door pin or door hook assembly for preventing the active (free)
panel door from buckling during a fire.
[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that is
aesthetically pleasing having the appearance of natural wood, and
has achieved a successful fire rating of at least 90 minutes and
passes a positive pressure test, and is easily installed in a
building.
[0022] A further object of the present invention is to provide a
reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that can be
mass produced in an automated and economical matter and is readily
affordable to the builder or consumer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0023] In accordance with the present invention, there is provided
a fire retardant panel door and door frame that prevents the spread
of fire through the door during a fire. The fire retardant panel
door has at least one door panel and stiles and rails. The door
panel includes an interior center composite section formed of a
first plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a first
plurality of layers of fire resistant materials disposed between
and connected to a pair of outer sections formed of wood for
enclosing the interior center composite section to form a composite
laminate door panel. Each of the stiles includes a first center
core formed of wood enclosed by a second plurality of layers of
intumescent materials and a second plurality of layers of fire
resistant materials; and the second layers of intumescent and fire
resistant materials materials are enclosed by a first applique
layer formed of wood to form a composite laminate stile. Each of
the rails includes a second center core formed of wood enclosed by
a third plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a third
plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; and the third
layers of intumescent and fire resistant materials are enclosed by
a second applique layer formed of wood to form a composite laminate
rail. The first, second, and third plurality of layers of
intumescent materials are activated to expand upon exposure to heat
and/or fire to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through
the at least one door panel, the stiles and the rails of the panel
door during a fire for at least 90 minutes. The at least one door
panel is connected to the panel door by tongue and groove joints;
and the tongue and groove joints have a fourth plurality of layers
of intumescent materials and a fourth plurality of layers of fire
resistant materials in the tongue and groove joints; and wherein
the fourth plurality of layers of intumescent materials in the
tongue and grove joints are activated to expand upon exposure to
heat and/or fire to seal said joints in order to prevent the heat
and/or fire from passing through the panel door during a fire for
at least 90 minutes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Further objects, features and advantages of the present
invention will become apparent upon the consideration of the
following detailed description of the presently-preferred
embodiment when taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, wherein:
[0025] FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of the fire retardant
panel door and door frame of the first embodiment of the present
invention showing a single door and a door frame and its major
component parts thereof;
[0026] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fire retardant panel
door and door frame of the first embodiment of the present
invention taken along lines 2-2 of FIG. 1 in the direction of the
arrows showing intumescent materials within tongue and groove
joints of a center panel, stiles and rails, and intumescent
materials within a door frame;
[0027] FIG. 2A is a sectional view of the fire retardant panel door
and door frame of the present invention showing an upper corner of
a stile and upper header having a heat activated door pin assembly
therein in an unexpanded configuration;
[0028] FIG. 2B is a sectional view of the fire retardant panel door
and door frame of the present invention showing the upper corner of
the stile and upper header having the heat activated door pin
assembly therein in an expanded configuration;
[0029] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the fire retardant panel
door and door frame of the present invention taken along lines 3-3
of FIG. 1 in the direction of the arrows showing the panel
connected to opposing stiles within the door frame;
[0030] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the fire retardant panel
door and door frame of the present invention taken along line 4-4
of FIG. 1 in the direction of the arrows showing the lower rail
connected to opposing stiles within the door frame;
[0031] FIG. 4A is an enlarged sectional detailed view of the fire
retardant panel door and door frame of the present invention
showing the tongue and groove joint and a pair of dowel pins for
joining the lower rail to the opposing stile;
[0032] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the fire retardant panel
door and door frame of the present invention taken along lines 5-5
of FIG. 1 in the direction of the arrows showing the center panel
connecting the upper rail and the lower rail within the door
frame;
[0033] FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional detailed view of the fire
retardant panel door of the present invention showing the stile
having a plurality of intumescent layers surrounding a wood core,
and the center panel having an interior center composite section of
intumescent layers;
[0034] FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional detailed view of the fire
retardant panel door of the present invention showing the rail
having a plurality of intumescent layers surrounding a wood core,
and the center panel having an interior center composite section of
intumescent layers;
[0035] FIG. 8 is an enlarged exploded sectional detailed view of
the fire retardant panel door of the present invention showing the
tongue and groove joint for joining the center panel to the
rail;
[0036] FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional detailed view of the fire
retardant panel door of the present invention showing a tongue
section of the center panel having the interior center composite
section with a plurality of intumescent layers therein;
[0037] FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional detailed view of the fire
retardant door frame of the present invention showing a doorjamb or
an upper header having a plurality of intumescent layers
surrounding a wood core;
[0038] FIG. 11 is a front perspective view of the fire retardant
panel doors and door frame of the second embodiment of the present
invention showing a double door assembly within a double door frame
and their major component parts thereof;
[0039] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the fire retardant
panel doors and door frame of the second embodiment of the present
invention taken along lines 12-12 of FIG. 11 in the direction of
the arrows showing intumescent materials within tongue and groove
joints of a plurality of panels, stiles, rails, and mullions within
each of the doors of the double door assembly and intumescent
materials within a double door frame;
[0040] FIG. 12A is a sectional view of the fire retardant panel
door and door frame of the present invention showing a dead bolt
assembly within one of the upper corners of a stile and upper jamb
header of a first panel door;
[0041] FIG. 12B is a sectional view of the fire retardant panel
door and door frame of the present invention showing one of the
upper corners of a stile and upper header having a heat activated
door pin assembly therein of a second panel door in an unexpanded
configuration;
[0042] FIG. 12C is a sectional view of the fire retardant panel
door and door frame of the present invention showing one of the
upper corners of the stile and upper header having the heat
activated door pin assembly therein of the second panel door in an
expanded configuration;
[0043] FIG. 12D is a perspective view of the fire retardant panel
door and door frame of the present invention showing the heat
activated door pin assembly in an unexpended configuration and
tensioned state;
[0044] FIG. 12E is a sectional view of the fire retardant panel
door and door frame of the present invention showing one of the
upper corners of the stile and upper header having a heat activated
door hook assembly therein of the second panel door in an
unexpanded configuration and tensioned state;
[0045] FIG. 12F is a sectional view of the fire retardant panel
door and door frame of the present invention showing one of the
upper corners of the stile and upper header having the heat
activated door hook assembly therein of the second panel door in an
expanded configuration and untensional state;
[0046] FIG. 12G is a perspective view of the heat activated door
hook assembly of the present invention showing the door hook
assembly in its untensioned state;
[0047] FIG. 12H is a top plan view of the heat activated door hook
assembly of the present invention showing a strike plate, a movable
door hook member, and a fusible solder link;
[0048] FIG. 12I is a bottom plan view of the heat activated door
hook assembly of the present invention showing a door hook housing
member having an opening for accessing the door hook member and the
strike plate;
[0049] FIG. 12J is a side elevational view of the heat activated
door hook assembly of the present invention showing the strike
plate, the movable door hook member and the door hook housing
member and the door hook housing member in an expanded
configuration and untensioned state;
[0050] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the fire retardant
panel doors and door frame of the present invention taken along
lines 13-13 of FIG. 11 in the direction of the arrows showing each
of the panels connected to opposing stiles for each door within the
double door frame;
[0051] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the fire retardant
panel doors and door frame of the present invention taken along
lines 14-14 of FIG. 11 in the direction of the arrows showing each
of the lower rails connected to opposing stiles for each door
within the double door frame;
[0052] FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the fire retardant
panel doors and door frame of the present invention taken along
lines 15-15 of FIG. 11 in the direction of the arrows showing a
first mullion connected to opposing stiles for the second door
within the double door frame;
[0053] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the fire retardant
panel door and door frame of the present invention taken along
lines 16-16 of FIG. 11 in the direction of the arrows showing the
panel, an interior raised panel, an interior stile, and the
opposing stiles of one of the doors being set within the door
frame;
[0054] FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the fire retardant
panel door and door frame of the present invention taken along
lines 17-17 of FIG. 11 in the direction of the arrows showing the
panel connected to opposing rails of the first door within the
double door frame;
[0055] FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the fire retardant
panel door and door frame of the present invention taken along
lines 18-18 of FIG. 11 in the direction of the arrows showing the
panels connecting the opposite rail and the mullions within the
double door frame;
[0056] FIG. 18A is an enlarged sectional detailed view of the fire
retardant panel door of the present invention showing a stile
within the second panel door;
[0057] FIG. 19A is an enlarged sectional detailed view of the fire
retardant panel door of the present invention showing the stile
having a plurality of intumescent layers surrounding a wood core,
and the panel having an interior center composite section of
intumescent layers for the first door panel;
[0058] FIG. 19B is an enlarged sectional detailed view of the fire
retardant panel door of the present invention showing the stile
having a plurality of intumescent layers surrounding a wood core,
and the panel having an interior center composite section of
intumescent layers for the second panel door;
[0059] FIG. 20A is an enlarged sectional detailed view of the fire
retardant panel door of the present invention showing the rail
having a plurality of intumescent layers surrounding a wood core,
and the panel having an interior center composite section of
intumescent layers for the first door panel;
[0060] FIG. 20B is an enlarged sectional detailed view of the fire
retardant panel door of the present invention showing the rail
having a plurality of intumescent layers surrounding a wood core,
and the panel having an interior center composite section of
intumescent layers for the second panel door;
[0061] FIG. 21 is an enlarged exploded sectional detailed view of
the fire retardant panel door of the present invention showing the
tongue and groove joint for joining the upper panel to the upper
rail for the second panel door;
[0062] FIG. 22 is an enlarged sectional detailed view of the fire
retardant panel door of the present invention showing a tongue
section of the panel having the interior center composite section
with a plurality of intumescent layers therein; and
[0063] FIG. 23 is an enlarged sectional detailed view of the fire
retardant door frame of the present invention showing a door jamb
or an upper header having a plurality of intumescent layers
surrounding a wood core.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
First Embodiment 10
[0064] The fire retardant panel door 10 and door frame 30 of the
first embodiment of the present invention is represented in detail
by FIGS. 1 through 10 of the patent drawings. The fire retardant
panel door 10 and door frame 30 is used to fireproof an area and to
prevent fire from spreading to other areas within a home dwelling,
a commercial building, or an industrial plant.
[0065] Fire retardant panel door 10 includes stiles 12 and 14,
rails 16 and 18, and a center panel 20, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3
to 5. The fire retardant panel door 10 is hingedly connected to the
door frame 30, as depicted in FIG. 1, such that the panel door 10
is hingedly connected between a left or right door jamb 32 or 34
and positioned below an upper header 36, as depicted in FIGS. 3 and
4 of the drawings. Jambs 32 and 34 include an interior wall surface
33 and 35, respectfully, and upper header 36 includes an interior
wall surface 37.
[0066] As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, the stiles 12 and 14 and
rails 16 and 18 have a solid core section 40 formed of a yellow
poplar microllam wood material. A composite intumescent and fire
resistant layer section 50 partially surrounds and encloses the
solid wood core section 40 on sides 51 and 53, respectively. A wood
applique 42 (i.e., oak, maple, walnut, etc.) encloses the composite
intumescent and fire resistant layer sections 50 of sides 51 and
53, respectively. The composite intumescent and fire resistant
layer section 50 includes a first inner intumescent layer 52 being
adjacent to and in contact with the solid wood core section 40, a
second middle fire resistant barrier layer 54 being adjacent to and
in contact with the first inner intumescent layer 52, and a third
outer intumescent layer 56 being adjacent to and in contact with
the second middle fire resistant barrier layer 54, as shown in
FIGS. 6 and 7.
[0067] The inner and outer intumescent layers 52 and 56 of sides 51
and 53 are made of PALUSOL P-210.TM. product being manufactured by
the BASF Corporation of the USA. PALUSOL P-210.TM. is an
intumescent panel consisting essentially of a core having sodium
silicate, and a small portion of organic binder reinforced by glass
fibers and having the addition of wire mesh therein. A coating of
epoxy resin is applied to each side of the core which protects the
intumescent panel from atmospheric influences of carbon dioxide,
water, and/or steam. The mass per unit area of the intumescent
laminate (panel) layer 52 or 56 is in the range of 0.46 to 0.77
pounds per foot.sup.2. The thickness of the intumescent laminate
layer 52 or 56 is in the range 0.0590 inches to 0.0906 inches.
[0068] The second middle layer 54 of sides 51 and 53 is made of a
FYRE ROC.TM. (FR-1001) product being manufactured by the Goodrich
Corporation, Engineered Polymer Products Division, of Jacksonville,
Fla., U.S.A. The FYRE ROC.TM. panel is a laminate sheet consisting
of a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate and stainless steel
screen layers for forming a reinforced composite laminate sheet
that has the ability to maintain excellent mechanical and physical
properties at elevated temperatures up to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit,
without significant smoke or toxicity emissions. The density of the
laminate fire resistant barrier (sheet) layer 54 is 2.5.+-.0.5
grams per cubic centimeter. The thickness of the laminate fire
resistant barrier layer 54 is in the range of 0.020 to 0.050 inches
(due to reinforcement thickness variability).
[0069] The wood applique 42 is adjacent to and in contact with the
third outer intumescent layer 56. Wood molding 44 is applied to the
exterior surface of stiles 12 and 14, rails 16 and 18, and center
panel 20, as shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings. The aforementioned
wood applique 42, intumescent layers 52, 54, and 56, and the solid
wood core section 40 are laminated together under pressure P using
an adhesive system consisting of a Simpson ISR 70-07 isocyanate
adhesive A or an equivalent adhesive in order to form the laminated
stiles 12 and 14 and rails 16 and 18, respectively, as depicted in
FIGS. 6 and 7 of the drawings.
[0070] As shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the stiles 12 and 14 and rails
16 and 18 also include inner and outer ends 55 and 57,
respectively. The inner end 55 includes a first inner intumescent
end layer 58 being adjacent to and in contact with the solid wood
core section 40, and a second middle intumescent end layer 64 being
adjacent to and in contact with the first inner intumescent layer
58. The first and second intumescent end layers 58 and 64 of inner
end 55 are made of the PALUSOL.TM. P-210 product as previously
described. The outer end 57 includes a first inner intumescent end
layer 62 being adjacent to and in contact with the solid wood core
section 40, a second middle intumescent end layer 64 being adjacent
to and in contact with the first inner intumescent end layer 62, a
third outer intumescent end layer 66 being adjacent to and in
contact with the second middle intumescent end layer 64 and the
wood applique (veneer) 42 being adjacent to and in contact with the
third outer intumescent end layer 66. The first inner intumescent
end layer 62 is made of the PALUSOL.TM. P-210 product as previously
described. The second and third intumescent end layers 64 and 66
are made of a TECHNOFIRE 2000.TM. product manufactured by the
TECHNICAL FIBRE PRODUCTS SUBSIDIARY in Newburgh, N.Y., U.S.A. The
TECHNOFIRE 2000.TM. rigid sheet panel is a composite laminate sheet
consisting of a core having rockwool fibers with chopped strand
glass fibre reinforcement and a small portion of organic binder. A
coating of epoxy resin is applied to each side of the core which
protect the composite intumescent panel from atmospheric influences
of carbon dioxide, water and/or steam. The density of the composite
intumescent laminate sheet end layers 64 or 66 is in the range of
78.0 to 90.5 5 lbs/ft.sup.3 (1250 to 1450 kg/m.sup.3). The
intumescent laminate end layers 64 or 66 has a maximum thickness of
1.3 mm (0.0512 inches). The mass per unit area of the intumescent
laminate end layers 64 or 66 is in the range of 0.333 to 0.386
pounds per foot.sup.2. The intumescent laminate end layers 64 or 66
upon exposure to heat and/or fire has expansion ratio of 22:1 for
imparting linear gap seals between the fire retardant panel door 10
and door frame 30 in order to prevent the spread of excessive heat
and/or fire through the fire retardant panel door 10 and door frame
30.
[0071] Additionally, as shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the stiles 12
and 14 and rails 16 and 18 further include a plurability of metal
L-shaped beads 68 made from 16 gauge galvanized steel being
positioned at the corners 69a, 69b, 69c and 69d of the stiles 12
and 14, and rails 16 and 18. The metal L-shaped beads 68 each
include a first end section 68f and a second end section 68s. Each
of the second end sections 68s of metal L-shaped beads 68 are
further positioned and placed between the second middle fire
resistant barrier layer 54 and the third outer intumescent layer
56, as shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 of the drawings. One pair of the
first end sections 68f at the inner end 55 are further positioned
and placed in contact with and adjacent to the second middle end
layer 60. The other pair of the first end sections 68f at the outer
end 57 are further positioned and placed between the first inner
intumescent end layer 62 and the second middle intumescent end
layer 64. The aforementioned metal L-shaped beads 68 are used for
rigidity and retention of the second middle fire resistant barrier
layers 54 and the third outer intumescent layers 56 together and in
conjunction with each other to form an exoskeleton layer E.sub.x,
as shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 of the drawings, in order to further
strengthen and tie together stiles 12 and 14 and rails 16 and 18,
respectively. Each of the metal L-shaped beads 68 are fastened at
the inner and outer ends 55 and 57 of the stiles 12, 14 and rails
16, 18 by brads 120n and staples 120s, respectively, as shown in
FIGS. 7 and 8.
[0072] Center panel 20 has edges 61, 63, 65 and 67. The center
panel 20 is formed from a composite laminate structure 70, as shown
in FIG. 9. The composite laminate structure 70 includes outer wood
sections 72 and 76 and an interior center intumescent and fire
resistant barrier section 74 sandwiched between outer wood sections
72 and 76. The interior center intumescent and fire resistant
barrier composite section 74 includes a first outer intumescent
layer 78, a second inner fire resistant barrier layer 80, a third
middle intumescent layer 82, a fourth middle intumescent layer 84,
a fifth inner fire resistant barrier layer 86, and a sixth outer
intumescent layer 88. The first outer, third middle fourth middle,
and sixth outer intumescent layers 78, 82, 84, and 88 are made of
the PALUSOL.TM. P-210 product. The second inner and fifth inner
fire resistant barrier layers 80 and 86 are made of the FYRE
ROC.TM. fire resistant laminate sheet, as previously described. The
aforementioned outer wood sections 72, 76 and the intumescent
layers 78 to 88 are laminated together under pressure P using an
adhesive system consisting of a Simpson ISR 70-07 isocyante
adhesive A or an equivalent adhesive in order to form the laminated
center panel 20.
[0073] Tongue and groove joints 90 and 92 are used to connect
center panel 20 to stiles 12 or 14, respectively, and tongue and
groove joints 94 and 96 are used to connect center panel 20 to
rails 16 or 18, respectively, as depicted in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 of
the drawings. Tongue and groove joints 98 and 100 are used to
connect rails 16 or 18 to stiles 12 or 14, respectively, as shown
in FIGS. 6 and 7 of the drawings. As shown in FIG. 6, the tongue
and groove joints 90 and 92 include air gaps 104 for expansion of
the intumescent material layers 78, 82, 84 and 88 in the presence
of excessive heat and/or fire, such that the intumescent material
layers 78, 82, 84 and 88 close and seal the air gaps 104 within the
fire retardant panel door 10 in order to prevent the spread of
excessive heat and/or fire through the fire retardant panel door 10
and door frame 30. Further, the tongue and groove joints 94 and 96
also include air gaps 108, as shown in FIG. 8, for expansion of the
intumescent material layers 78, 82, 84 and 88 in the presence of
excessive heat and/or fire, such that the intumescent material
layers 78, 82, 84 and 88 close and seal the air gaps 108 within the
fire retardant panel door 10 in order to prevent the spread of
excessive heat and/or fire through the fire retardant panel door 10
and door frame 30. Additionally, the tongue and groove joints 98
and 100, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 4A, include air gaps 112 for
expansion of the intumescent end layers 58 and 60 in the presence
of excessive heat and/or fire, such that the intumescent end layers
58 and 60 close and seal the air gaps 112 within the fire retardant
panel door 10 in order to prevent the spread of excessive heat
and/or fire through the fire retardant panel 10 and door frame 30.
Also, the tongue and groove joints 90 and 92, and 94 and 96 are
attached to each other using a staple 120s or nail 120n,
respectively, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 of the drawings. Further,
each of the rails 16, 18, and stiles 12, 14 include a dowel groove
122, 123, 124 and 125, respectively, for receiving a wooden dowel
126 therein, for additionally joining together the rails 16 and 18
to the stiles 12 and 14, respectively, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 4A.
The dowels 126 are held in place within dowel grooves 122, 123, 124
and 125 with appropriate wood glue G, as depicted in FIG. 4.
[0074] As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 10, the jambs 32 and 34, and
upper head 36 of door frame 30 include a core section 140 formed of
wood materials, such as oak, maple, walnut, pine, poplar and the
like. Wood applique 142 (i.e., oak, maple, walnut, etc.) is applied
to a composite intumescent and/or fire resistant barrier layer
sections 150A, 150B, 150C and 150D which surrounds the solid wood
core section 140. The composite intumescent and fire resistant
barrier layer section 150A includes a first inner intumescent layer
152 being adjacent to and in contact with the solid wood core
section 140, a second middle fire resistant barrier layer 154 being
adjacent to and in contact with the first inner intumescent layer
152, a third outer intumescent layer 156 being adjacent to and in
contact with the second middle fire resistant barrier layer 154 and
a wood applique (veneer) 142 being adjacent and in contact with the
third outer intumescent layer 156. The composite intumescent and
fire resistant barrier layer section 150B includes a first inner
intumescent layer 152 being adjacent to and in contact with the
solid wood core section 140, a second middle fire resistant barrier
layer 154 being adjacent to and in contact with the first inner
intumescent layer 152, a wood applique (veneer) 142 being adjacent
to and in contact with the second middle fire resistant barrier
layer 154. The composite intumescent layer section 150C includes a
first inner intumescent layer 152 being adjacent to and in contact
with the solid wood core section 140, a second middle intumescent
layer 158 being adjacent to and in contact with the first inner
intumescent layer 152, and a wood applique (veneer) 142 being
adjacent to and in contact with the second middle intumescent layer
158. The composite intumescent layer section 150D includes a first
inner intumescent layer 152 being adjacent to and in contact with
the solid wood core section 140, a second middle intumescent layer
158 being adjacent to and in contact with the first inner
intumescent layer 152, and a wood applique (veneer) 142 being
adjacent to and in contact with the second middle intumescent layer
158. The inner and middle intumescent layers 152 and 158 are made
of PALUSOL P-210.TM. product being manufactured by the BASF
Corporation of the USA. PALUSOL P-210.TM. is an intumescent panel
consisting essentially of a core having sodium silicate, and a
small portion of organic binder reinforced by glass fibers and wire
mesh. A coating of epoxy resin is applied to each side of the core
which protects the intumescent panel from atmospheric influences of
carbon dioxide, water, and/or steam. The mass per unit area of the
intumescent laminate (panel) layer 152 or 158 is in the range of
0.46 to 0.77 pounds per foot.sup.2. The thickness of the
intumescent laminate layer 152 or 156 is in the range 0.0590 inches
to 0.906 inches. The second middle fire resistant barrier layer 154
is made of a FYRE ROC.TM. product being manufactured by the
Goodrich Corporation, Engineered Polymer Products Division, of
Jacksonville, Fla., U.S.A. The FYRE ROC.TM. panel is a laminate
sheet consisting of a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate and
stainless steel screen for forming a reinforced composite laminate
sheet that has the ability to maintain excellent mechanical and
physical properties at elevated temperatures up to 2000 degrees
Fahrenheit, without significant smoke or toxicity emissions. The
density of the fire resistant barrier laminate (sheet) layer 154 is
2.5.+-.0.5 grams per cubic centimeter. The thickness of the fire
resistant barrier laminate layer 154 is in the range of 0.020 to
0.050 inches (due to reinforcement thickness variability). The
third outer intumescent layer 156 of the composite layer section
150A is made of a TECHNOFIRE 2000.TM. product manufactured by the
TECHNICAL FIBRE PRODUCTS SUBSIDIARY in Newburgh, N.Y., U.S.A. The
TECHNOFIRE 2000.TM. rigid sheet panel is a composite laminate sheet
consisting of a core having rockwool fibers with chopped strand
glass fibre reinforcement and a small portion of organic binder. A
coating of epoxy resin is applied to each side of the core which
protects the composite intumescent panel atmospheric influences of
carbon dioxide, water and/or steam. The density of the composite
intumescent laminate sheet layer 156 is in the range of 78.0 to
90.5 lbs/ft.sup.3. The mass per unit area of the intumescent
laminate layer 156 is in the range of 0.333 to 0.386 pounds per
foot.sup.2. The intumescent laminate layer 156 has a maximum
thickness of 1.3 mm (0.0512 inches). The intumescent laminate layer
156 upon exposure to heat and/or fire has an expansion ratio of 22
to 1 for importing linear gap seals between the fire retardant
panel door 10 and door frame 30 in order to prevent the spread of
excessive heat and/or fire through the fire retardant panel door 10
and door frame 30. Wood molding 144 is applied to the exterior
surface of the upper header 36, as shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings.
The aforementioned wood applique 142, the composite layer sections
150A, 105B, 150C and 150D, and the solid wood core section 140 are
laminated together under pressure P using an dual adhesive system
consisting of a Simpson ISR 70-07 isocyanate adhesive A or an
equivalent adhesive in order to form the jambs 32 and 34 and the
upper header 36 of door frame 30.
[0075] The composite layer sections 150A, 150B, 150C and 150D of
the jambs 32 and 34 and the upper header 36 expands in the presence
of excessive heat and/or fire, such that the intumescent and fire
resistant barrier material layer sections 150A, 150B, 150C and 150D
closes and seals the perimeter of the fire retardant panel door 10
within the jambs 32 and 34 and upper header 36 of the door frame 30
to also prevent the spread of the excessive heat and/or fire
through the fire retardant panel door 10 and door frame 30, as
shown in FIG. 1.
[0076] Additionally, as shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the jambs 32 and
34 further include a pair of metal L-shaped beads 168 made from 16
gauge galvanized steel being positioned at the corners 169a and
169b of jambs 32 and 34, respectively. The metal L-shaped beads 168
each include a first end section 168f and a second end section
168s. Each of the second end sections 168s of metal L-shaped beads
168 are further positioned and placed between the second middle
fire resistant barrier layer 154 and the third outer intumescent
layer 156, as shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 of the drawings. Each of
the first end sections 168f of metal L-shaped beads 168 are further
positioned and placed between such that they are in contact with
and adjacent to the second middle intumescent layer 158 and the
wood applique (veneer) 142 of composite layer end sections 150C and
150D of jambs 32 and 34, respectively. The aforementioned metal
L-shaped beads 168 are used for rigidity and retention of the
second middle fire resistant barrier layer 154 and the third outer
intumescent layer 156 together and in conjunction with each other
to form a partial exoskeleton layer Epx, as shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and
5 of the drawings, in order to further strengthened jambs 32 and
34, respectively. Each of the metal L-shaped beads 168 are fastened
to the composite end sections 150C and 150D of jambs 32 and 34,
respectively, by brads 120n or staples 120s, as shown in FIGS. 5
and 10.
[0077] The fire retardant panel door 10 and door frame 30 of the
first embodiment of the present invention further includes a heat
activated door pin assembly 170, as shown in FIGS. 2, 2A and 2B,
for securing and holding a free corner C.sub.F of the stile 14 of
the fire retardant panel door 10 in place while the intumescent
layers of the stiles 12, 14 and rails 16, 18 react from excessive
heat and/or fire. The heat activated door pin assembly 170 includes
a substantially cylindrically-shaped housing member 172 having a
pin opening 174 for receiving a movable and hollow door pin 180
therein. The housing member 172 further includes a curved outer
wall 176 and a bottom wall 177 for forming an interior compartment
178. The hollow pin 180 includes an internal compressible spring
182 coiled about a threaded rod 184. The compressible spring 182
includes a first lower end 182f and a second upper end 182s.
Threaded rod 184 includes a proximal end 184p and a distal end
184d. The proximal end 184p of threaded rod 184 is connected to the
first lower end 182f of compressible spring 182 and is held in
place by washer 186 and hex nut 188. The distal end 184d of
threaded rod 184 includes a fusible solder link 190. The fusible
solder link 190 melts at 117.degree. F. allowing the internal
compressible spring 182 to eject the movable door bolt pin 180
within a strike plate opening 192 of a strike plate 194, such that
the movable door bolt pin 180 resides within an upper header bolt
opening 36h of upper header 36. The strike plate 194 also includes
mounting openings 195 for receiving mounting screws 196 therein for
attaching the strike plate 194 to the upper header 36, as shown in
FIGS. 2A and 2B of the drawings. Further, the bottom wall 177 of
interior compartment 178 of the housing member 172 includes a pair
of circular intumescent pads 198a and 198b. The intumescent pads
198a and 198b upon exposure to excessive heat and/or fire expands
rapidly (22 times the original thickness) and locks the movable
door bolt pin 180 permanently within the upper header bolt opening
36h. Thus, preventing any movement or buckling of the free corner
C.sub.F of the fire retardant panel door 10 relative to the door
frame 30. Intumescent pads 198a and 198b are made form TECHNOFIRE
2000.TM. composite laminate sheets as previously described in the
above preferred embodiment. Housing member 172 is made of copper
metal and the movable hollow door bolt pin 180 is made of brass
metal.
Second Embodiment 200
[0078] A double door assembly 200 and door frame 230 of the second
embodiment of the present invention is represented in detail by
FIGS. 11 through 23 of the patent drawings. The double door
assembly 200 includes a first fire retardant panel door 210, and a
second fire retardant panel door 410 being hingedly connected to a
double door frame 230. The first and second fire retardant panel
doors 210 and 410, and double door frame 230 are used to fireproof
an area and to prevent fire from spreading to other areas within a
home dwelling, a commercial building, or an industrial plant. Fire
retardant panel doors 210 and 410 are hingedly connected between a
left and right door jambs 232 and 234 and positioned below an upper
header 236, as depicted in FIG. 11 of the drawings. Jambs 232 and
234 include an interior wall surface 233 and 235, respectfully and
upper header 236 includes an interior wall surface 237.
[0079] Fire retardant panel door 210 includes stiles 212 and 214,
rails 216 and 218, and a center panel 220, as shown in FIGS. 11 and
13 through 18 of the drawings. The fire retardant panel door 210 is
hingedly connected to one section 230A of the door frame 230, as
depicted in FIGS. 11, 13, and 14, such that the panel door 210 is
hingedly connected to the left door jamb 232 and positioned below
section 230A of the upper header 236, as depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9
of the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 19 through 21, the stiles
212 and 214 and rails 216 and 218 have a solid core section 240
formed of a yellow poplar microllam of wood material, and the like.
Wood applique 242 (i.e., oak, maple, walnut, etc.) is applied to a
composite intumescent and fire resistant layer section 250 which
partially surrounds the solid wood core section 240 on sides 251
and 253, respectively. The composite intumescent and fire resistant
layer section 250 includes a first inner intumescent layer 252
being adjacent to and in contact with the solid wood core section
240, a second middle fire resistant barrier layer 254 being
adjacent to and in contact with the first inner intumescent layer
252, and a third outer intumescent layer 256 being adjacent to and
in contact with the second middle fire resistant barrier layer 254.
The inner and outer intumescent layers 252 and 256 of sides 251 and
253 are made of PALUSOL P-210.TM. product being manufactured by the
BASF Corporation of the USA. PALUSOL P-210.TM. is an intumescent
panel consisting essentially of a core having sodium silicate, and
a small portion of organic binder reinforced by glass fibers and
having the addition of wire mesh therein. A coating of epoxy resin
is applied to each side of the core which protects the intumescent
panel from atmospheric influences of carbon dioxide, water, and/or
steam. The mass per unit area of the intumescent laminate (panel)
layers 252 or 256 is in the range of 0.46 to 0.77 pounds per
foot.sup.2. The thickness of the intumescent laminate layers 252 or
256 is in the range 0.0590 inches to 0.0906 inches. The second
middle layer fire resistant barrier 254 is made of a FYRE ROC.TM.
(FR-1001) product being manufactured by the Goodrich Corporation,
Engineered Polymer Products Division, of Jacksonville, Fla., U.S.A.
The FYRE ROC.TM. panel is a laminate sheet consisting of a fire
resistant metallo alumino silicate and stainless steel screen
layers for forming a reinforced composite laminate sheet that has
the ability to maintain excellent mechanical and physical
properties at elevated temperatures up to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit,
without significant smoke or toxicity emissions. The density of the
laminate fire resistant barrier (sheet) layer 254 is 2.5.+-.0.5
grams per cubic centimeter. The thickness of the laminate fire
resistant barrier layer 254 is in the range of 0.020 to 0.050
inches (due to reinforcement thickness variability).
[0080] The wood applique 242 is adjacent to and in contact with the
third outer intumescent layer 256. Wood molding 244 is applied to
the exterior surface of stiles 212 and 214, rails 216 and 218, and
center panel 220, as shown in FIG. 11 of the drawings. The
aforementioned wood applique 242, intumescent layers 252, 254, and
256, and the solid wood core section 240 are laminated together
under pressure P using a dual adhesive system consisting of a
Simpson ISR 70-07 isocyonate adhesive A or an equivalent adhesive
in order to form the laminated stiles 212 and 214 and rails 216 and
218, respectively.
[0081] As shown in FIGS. 11, and 13 through 18, the stiles 212 and
214 and rails 216 and 218 also include inner and outer ends 255 and
257, respectively. The inner end 255 includes a first inner
intumescent end layer 258 being adjacent to and in contact with the
solid wood core section 240, and a second middle intumescent end
layer 260 being adjacent to and in contact with the first inner
intumescent layer 258. The first and second intumescent end layers
258 and 260 of inner end 255 are made of the PALUSOL.TM. P-210
product as previously described. The outer end 257 includes a first
inner intumescent end layer 262 being adjacent to and in contact
with the solid wood core section 240, a second middle intumescent
end layer 264 being adjacent to and in contact with the first inner
intumescent end layer 262, a third outer intumescent end layer 266
being adjacent to and in contact with the second middle intumescent
end layer 264 and the wood applique (veneer) 242 being adjacent to
and in contact with the third outer intumescent end layer 266. The
first inner intumescent end layer 262 is made of the PALUSOL.TM.
P-210 product as previously described. The second and third
intumescent end layers 264 and 266 are made of a TECHNOFIRE
2000.TM. product manufactured by the TECHNICAL FIBRE PRODUCTS
SUBSIDIARY in Newburgh, N.Y., U.S.A. The TECHNOFIRE 2000.TM. rigid
sheet panel is a composite laminate sheet consisting of a core
having rockwool fibers with chopped strand glass fibre
reinforcement and a small portion of organic binder. A coating of
epoxy resin is applied to each side of the core which protect the
composite intumescent panel from atmospheric influences of carbon
dioxide, water and/or steam. The density of the composite
intumescent laminate sheet end layers 264 or 266 is in the range of
78.0 to 90.5 5 lbs/ft.sup.3 (1250 to 1450 kg/m.sup.3). The
intumescent laminate end layers 264 or 266 has a maximum thickness
of 1.3 mm (0.0512 inches). The mass per unit area of the
intumescent laminate end layers 264 or 266 is in the range of 0.333
to 0.386 pounds per foot.sup.2. The intumescent laminate end layers
264 or 266 upon exposure to heat and/or fire has expansion ratio of
22:1 for imparting linear gap seals between the fire retardant
panel door 10 and door frame 30 in order to prevent the spread of
excessive heat and/or fire through the fire retardant panel door 10
and door frame 30.
[0082] Additionally, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 13 through 18, the
stiles 212 and 214 and rails 216 and 218 further include a
plurability of metal L-shaped beads 268 made from 16 gauge
galvanized steel being positioned at the corners 269a, 269b, 269c
and 269d of the stiles 212 and 214, and rails 216 and 218. The
metal L-shaped beads 268 each include a first end section 268f and
a second end section 268s. Each of the second end sections 268s of
metal L-shaped beads 268 are further positioned and placed between
the second middle fire resistant barrier layer 254 and the third
outer intumescent layer 256, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 13 through 18
of the drawings. One pair of the first end sections 268f at the
inner end 255 are further positioned and placed in contact with and
adjacent to the second middle end layer 260. The other pair of the
first end sections 268f at the outer end 257 are further positioned
and placed between the first inner intumescent end layer 262 and
the second middle intumescent end layer 264. The aforementioned
metal L-shaped beads 268 are used for rigidity and retention of the
second middle fire resistant barrier layers 254 and the third outer
intumescent layers 256 together and in conjunction with each other
to form an exoskeleton layer E.sub.x, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 13
through 18 of the drawings, in order to further strengthen and tie
together stiles 212 and 214 and rails 216 and 218, respectively.
Each of the metal L-shaped beads 268 are fastened at the inner and
outer ends 255 and 257 of the stiles 212, 214 and rails 216, 218 by
brads 120n and staples 120s, respectively, as shown in FIGS. 7 and
8.
[0083] Center panel 220 has edges 261, 263, 265 and 267. The center
panel 220 is formed from a composite laminate structure 270. The
composite laminate structure 270 includes outer wood sections 272
and 276 and sandwiched there between is an interior center
intumescent section 274, as depicted in FIGS. 19 and 20. The
interior center composite intumescent section 274 includes a first
outer intumescent layer 278, a second inner fire resistant barrier
intumescent layer 280, a third middle intumescent layer 282, a
fourth middle intumescent layer 284, a fifth inner fire resistant
barrier layer 286, and a sixth outer intumescent layer 288. The
first outer, third middle, fourth middle, and sixth outer
intumescent layers 278, 282, 284, and 288 are made of the
PALUSOL.TM. P-210 product, as previously described. The second and
fifth inner fire resistant barrier layers 280 and 286, are made of
the FYRE ROC.TM. fire resistant barrier intumescent laminate sheet,
as previously described. The aforementioned outer wood sections
272, 276 and the intumescent and fire resistant barrier layers 278,
280, 282, 284, 286 and 288 are laminated together under pressure P
using an adhesive system consisting of a Simpson ISR 70-07
isocyante adhesive A or an equivalent adhesive in order to form the
laminated center panel 220.
[0084] Tongue and groove joints 290 and 292 are used to connect
center panel 220 to stiles 212 or 214, respectively, and tongue and
groove joints 294 and 296 are used to connect center panel 220 to
rails 216 or 218, respectively, as depicted in FIGS. 19 to 21 of
the drawings. Tongue and groove joints 298 and 300 are used to
connect rails 216 or 218 to stiles 212 or 214, respectively, as
shown in FIG. 10A of the drawings. As shown in FIG. 19, the tongue
and groove joints 290 and 292 include air gaps 302 and 304 for
expansion of the intumescent material layers 278, 282, 284 and 288
in the presence of excessive heat and/or fire, such that the
intumescent material layers 278, 282, 284 and 288 close and seal
the air gaps 304 within the fire retardant panel door 210 in order
to prevent the spread of excessive heat and/or fire through the
fire retardant panel door 210 and door frame 230. Further, the
tongue and groove joints 294 and 296, as depicted in FIG. 20, also
include air gaps 308 for expansion of the intumescent material
layers 278, 282,284 and 288 in the presence of excessive heat
and/or fire, such that the intumescent material layers 278, 282,
284 and 288 close and seal the air gaps 308 within the fire
retardant panel door 210 in order to prevent the spread of
excessive heat and/or fire through the fire retardant panel door
210 and door frame 230. Additionally, the tongue and groove joints
298 and 300, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, include air gaps 312 for
expansion of the intumescent end layers 258 and 260 in the presence
of excessive heat and/or fire, such that the intumescent end layers
258 and 260 close and seal the air gaps 312 within the fire
retardant panel door 210 in order to prevent the spread of
excessive heat and/or fire through the fire retardant panel 210 and
door frame 230. Also, the tongue and groove joints 290 and 292 and
294 and 296, are attached to each other using a staple 120s or nail
120n, respectfully, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 of the drawings.
Further, each of the rails 216 and 218 and stiles 212 and 214
include a dowel groove 322, 323, 324 and 325, respectfully, for
receiving a wooden dowel 326 therein, for additionally joining
together the rails 216 and 218 to the stiles 212 and 214,
respectfully, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 of the drawings. The
dowels 326 are held in place within dowel grooves 322, 323, 324 and
325 with appropriate wood glue G, as depicted in FIGS. 14 and
15.
[0085] As shown in FIGS. 13 through 18 and 23, the jambs 232 and
234, and upper head 236 of door frame 230 include a core section
340 formed of wood materials, such as oak, maple, walnut, pine,
poplar and the like. Wood applique 342 (i.e., oak, maple, walnut,
etc.) is applied to a composite intumescent and/ layer section 350
which surrounds the solid wood core section 340. The composite
intumescent layer section 350A includes a first inner intumescent
layer 352 being adjacent to and in contact with the solid wood core
section 340, a second middle intumescent layer 354 being adjacent
to and in contact with the first inner intumescent layer 352, and a
third outer intumescent layer 356 being adjacent to and in contact
with the second middle intumescent layer 354 and a wood applique
(veneer) 342 being adjacent and in contact with the third outer
intumescent layer 356. The composite intumescent and fire resistant
barrier layer section 350B includes a first inner intumescent layer
352 being adjacent to and in contact with the solid wood core
section 340, a second middle fire resistant barrier layer 354 being
adjacent to and in contact with the first inner intumescent layer
352, a wood applique (veneer) 342 being adjacent to and in contact
with the second middle fire resistant barrier layer 354. The
composite intumescent layer section 350C includes a first inner
intumescent layer 352 being adjacent to and in contact with the
solid wood core section 340, a second middle intumescent layer 358
being adjacent to and in contact with the first inner intumescent
layer 352, and a wood applique (veneer) 342 being adjacent to and
in contact with the second middle intumescent layer 358. The
composite intumescent layer section 350D includes a first inner
intumescent layer 352 being adjacent to and in contact with the
solid wood core section 340, a second middle intumescent layer 358
being adjacent to and in contact with the first inner intumescent
layer 352, and a wood applique (veneer) 342 being adjacent to and
in contact with the second middle intumescent layer 358. The inner
and outer intumescent layer 352 and 358 are made of PALUSOL
P-210.TM. product being manufactured by the BASF Corporation of the
USA. PALUSOL P-210.TM. is an intumescent panel consisting
essentially of a core having sodium silicate, and a small portion
of organic binder reinforced by glass fibers and wire mesh. A
coating of epoxy resin is applied to each side of the core which
protects the intumescent panel from atmospheric influences of
carbon dioxide, water, and/or steam. The mass per unit area of the
intumescent laminate (panel) layer 352 or 358 is in the range of
0.46 to 0.77 pounds per foot.sup.2. The thickness of the
intumescent laminate layer 352 or 356 is in the range 0.0590 inches
to 0.906 inches. The second middle fire resistant barrier layer 354
is made of a FYRE ROC.TM. product being manufactured by the
Goodrich Corporation, Engineered Polymer Products Division, of
Jacksonville, Fla., U.S.A. The FYRE ROC.TM. panel is a laminate
sheet consisting of a fire resistant metallo silicate and stainless
steel screen for forming a reinforced composite laminate sheet that
has the ability to maintain excellent mechanical and physical
properties at elevated temperatures up to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit,
without significant smoke or toxicity emissions. The density of the
fire resistant barrier laminate (sheet) layer 354 is 2.5.+-.0.5
grams per cubic centimeter. The thickness of the laminate
intumescent layer 354 is in the range of 0.020 to 0.050 inches (due
to reinforcement thickness variability). The third outer
intumescent layer 356 of the composite layer section 350A is made
of a TECHNOFIRE 2000.TM. product manufactured by the TECHNICAL
FIBRE PRODUCTS SUBSIDIARY in Newburgh, N.Y., U.S.A. The TECHNOFIRE
2000.TM. rigid sheet panel is a composite laminate sheet consisting
of a core having rockwool fibers with chopped strand glass fibre
reinforcement and a small portion of organic binder. A coating of
epoxy resin is applied to each side of the core which protects the
composite intumescent panel atmospheric influences of carbon
dioxide, water and/or steam. The density of the composite
intumescent laminate sheet layer 356 is in the range of 78.0 to
90.5 lbs/ft.sup.3. The mass per unit area of the intumescent
laminate layer 356 is in the range of 0.333 to 0.386 pounds per
foot.sup.2. The intumescent laminate layer 356 has a maximum
thickness of 1.3 mm (0.0512 inches). The intumescent laminate layer
356 upon exposure to heat and/or fire has an expansion ratio of 22
to 1 for importing linear gap seals between the fire retardant
panel door 210 and door frame 230 in order to prevent the spread of
excessive heat and/or fire through the fire retardant panel door
210 and door frame 230. Wood molding 344 is applied to the exterior
surface of the upper header 236, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 of the
drawings. The aforementioned wood applique 342, the composite layer
sections 350A, 350B, 350C and 350D, and the solid wood core section
340 are laminated together under pressure P using an dual adhesive
system consisting of a Simpson ISR 70-07 isocyanate adhesive A or
an equivalent adhesive in order to form the jambs 232, 234 and the
upper header 236 of door frame 230, as depicted in FIG. 23.
[0086] The composite layer sections 350A, 350B, 350C and 350D of
the jambs 232 and 234 and upper header 236 expand in the presence
of excessive heat and/or fire, such that the intumescent and fire
resistant barrier material layer sections 350A, 350B, 350C and 350D
closes and seals the perimeter of the fire retardant panel door 210
within the jambs 232 and 234 and upper header 236 of the door frame
230 to also prevent the spread of the excessive heat and/or fire
through the fire retardant panel door 210 and door frame 230.
[0087] Additionally, as shown in FIGS. 11, 13 through 18, the jambs
232 and 234 further include a pair of metal L-shaped beads 368 made
from 6 gauge galvanized steel being positioned at the corners 369a
to 369d of jambs 232 and 234, respectively. The metal L-shaped
beads 368 each include a first end section 368f and a second end
section 368s. Each of the second end sections 368s of metal
L-shaped beads 368 are further positioned and placed between the
second middle fire resistant barrier layer 356 and the third outer
intumescent layer 356, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 13 through 18 of
the drawings. Each of the first end sections 368f of metal L-shaped
beads 368 are further positioned in contact with and adjacent to
the second middle intumescent layer 358 and the wood applique
(veneer) 342 of composite layer end sections 350C and 350D of jambs
232 and 234, respectively. The aforementioned metal L-shaped beads
368 are used for rigidity and retention of the second middle fire
resistant barrier layer 354 and the third outer intumescent layer
356 together and in conjunction with each other to form a partial
exoskeleton layer Epx, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 13 through 18 of
the drawings, in order to further strengthened jambs 232 and 234,
respectively. Each of the metal L-shaped beads 368 are fastened to
the composite end sections 350C and 350D of jambs 232 and 234,
respectively, by brads 120n or staples 120s, as shown in FIGS. 13,
14 and 23.
[0088] The fire retardant panel door 210 and door frame section
230A of door frame 230 of the second embodiment of the present
invention further includes a standard mechanical flush or dead bolt
assembly 370, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 12A, for securing and
holding a first free corner C.sub.F1 of the fire retardant panel
door 21 in place while the intumescent layers of the stiles 212,
214 and rails 16, 18 react from excessive heat and/or fire. The
flush or dead bolt assembly 370 is positioned within stile 214 as
shown in FIGS. 12 and 12A of the drawings. The dead bolt assembly
370 includes a housing member 372 for receiving a dead bolt 374.
Dead bolt 374 is received within a dead bolt receiving member 376
positioned within the upper header 236 of the door frame section
230A. The aforementioned dead bolt assembly 370 presents any
movement or buckling of the first free corner C.sub.F1 of the fire
retardant panel door 210 relative to the door frame section 230A of
door frame 230.
[0089] Fire retardant panel door 410 includes stiles 412 and 414,
rails 416 and 418, an upper panel 420, a lower panel 422, a first
raised panel 423, and a second raised panel 424, as shown in FIGS.
11 and 13 through 18 of the drawings. The fire retardant panel door
410 also includes a first mullion 426 separating the upper panel
420 from the lower panel 422, a second mullion 427 separating the
lower panel 422 from the first raised panel 423, and a third
mullion 428 separating the first raised panel 423 from the second
raised panel 424. The fire retardant panel door 410 is hingedly
connected to the other section 230B of the door frame 430, as
depicted in FIG. 11, such that the panel door 410 is hingedly
connected to the right door jamb 234 and positioned below a section
230B of the upper header 236, as depicted in FIGS. 11 and 12 of the
drawings.
[0090] As shown in FIGS. 11, 12 and 19 through 21, the stiles 412
and 414, rails 416 and 418, and mullions 426, 427, and 428 have a
solid core section 440 formed of a yellow poplar microllam wood
material, and the like. Wood applique 442 (i.e., oak, maple,
walnut, etc.) is applied to a composite intumescent and fire
resistant layer section 450 which partially surrounds the solid
wood core section 440 on sides 451 and 453, respectively. The
composite intumescent and fire resistant layer section 450 includes
a first inner intumescent layer 452 being adjacent to and in
contact with the solid wood core section 440, a second middle fire
resistant barrier layer 454 being adjacent to and in contact with
the first inner intumescent layer 452, and a third outer
intumescent layer 456 to being adjacent and in contact with the
second middle fire resistant barrier layer 454. The inner and outer
intumescent layers 452 and 456 of sides 451 and 453 are made of
PALUSOL P-210.TM. product being manufactured by the BASF
Corporation of the USA. PALUSOL P-210.TM. is an intumescent panel
consisting essentially of a core having sodium silicate, and a
small portion of organic binder reinforced by glass fibers and wire
mesh. A coating of epoxy resin is applied to each side of the core
which protects the intumescent panel from atmospheric influences of
carbon dioxide, water, and/or steam. The mass per unit area of the
intumescent laminate (panel) layers 452 or 456 is in the range of
0.46 to 0.77 pounds per foot.sup.2. The thickness of the
intumescent laminate layers 452 or 456 is in the range 0.0590
inches to 0.0906 inches. The second middle fire resistant barrier
layer 454 is made of a FYRE ROC.TM. (FR-1001) product being
manufactured by the Goodrich Corporation, Engineered Polymer
Products Division, of Jacksonville, Fla., U.S.A. The FYRE ROC.TM.
panel is a laminate sheet consisting of a fire resistant metallo
alumino silicate and stainless steel screen reinforced composite
laminate sheet that has the ability to maintain excellent
mechanical and physical properties at elevated temperatures up to
2000 degrees Fahrenheit, without significant smoke or toxicity
emissions. The density of the laminate fire resistant barrier
(sheet) layer 454 is 2.5.+-.0.5 grams per cubic centimeter. The
thickness of the laminate first resistant barrier layer 454 is in
the range of 0.020 to 0.050 inches (due to reinforcement thickness
variability).
[0091] The wood applique 442 is adjacent to and in contact with the
third outer intumescent layer 456. Wood molding 444 is applied to
the exterior surface of stiles 412 and 414, rails 416 and 418,
mullions 426, 427, and 428, and panels 420, 422, 423, and 424, as
shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 of the drawings. The aforementioned wood
applique 442, intumescent layers 452, 454, and 456, and the solid
wood core section 440 are laminated together under pressure P using
an adhesive system A consisting of a Simpson ISR 70-07 isocyanate
adhesive A or an equivalent adhesive in order to form the laminated
stiles 412 and 414, rails 416 and 418, and mullions 426, 427, and
428, respectively, as depicted in FIGS. 19 and 20.
[0092] As shown in FIGS. 11, 13, through 18, the stiles 412 and 414
rails 416 and 418 and mullions 426, 427 and 428 also include inner
and outer ends 455 and 457, respectively. The inner end 455
includes a first inner intumescent end layer 458 being adjacent to
and in contact with the solid wood core section 440, and a second
middle intumescent end layer 460 being adjacent to and in contact
with the first inner intumescent layer 458. The first and second
intumescent end layers 458 and 460 of inner end 455 are made of the
PALUSOL.TM. P-210 product as previously described. The outer end
457 includes a first inner intumescent end layer 462 being adjacent
to and in contact with the solid wood core section 440, a second
middle intumescent end layer 464 being adjacent to and in contact
with the first inner intumescent end layer 462, a third outer
intumescent end layer 466 being adjacent to and in contact with the
second middle intumescent end layer 464 and the wood applique
(veneer) 442 being adjacent to and in contact with the third outer
intumescent end layer 466. The first inner intumescent end layer
462 is made of the PALUSOL.TM. P-210 product as previously
described. The second and third intumescent end layers 464 and 466
are made of a TECHNOFIRE 2000.TM. product manufactured by the
TECHNICAL FIBRE PRODUCTS SUBSIDIARY in Newburgh, N.Y., U.S.A. The
TECHNOFIRE 2000.TM. rigid sheet panel is a composite laminate sheet
consisting of a core having rockwool fibers with chopped strand
glass fibre reinforcement and a small portion of organic binder. A
coating of epoxy resin is applied to each side of the core which
protect the composite intumescent panel from atmospheric influences
of carbon dioxide, water and/or steam. The density of the composite
intumescent laminate sheet end layers 464 or 466 is in the range of
78.0 to 90.5 5 lbs/ft.sup.3 (1250 to 1450 kg/m.sup.3). The
intumescent laminate end layers 464 or 466 has a maximum thickness
of 1.3 mm (0.0512 inches). The mass per unit area of the
intumescent laminate end layers 464 or 466 is in the range of 0.333
to 0.386 pounds per foot.sup.2. The intumescent laminate end layers
464 or 466 upon exposure to heat and/or fire has expansion ratio of
22:1 for imparting linear gap seals between the fire retardant
panel door 10 and door frame 30 in order to prevent the spread of
excessive heat and/or fire through the fire retardant panel door
410 and door frame section 230B of door frame 230.
[0093] Additionally, as shown in FIGS. 11, 13 through 18, the
stiles 412 and 414 and rails 416 and 418 further include a
plurability of metal L-shaped beads 468 made from 16 gauge
galvanized steel being positioned at the corners 469a, 469b, 469c
and 469d of the stiles 412 and 414, and rails 416 and 418. The
metal L-shaped beads 468 each include a first end section 468f and
a second end section 468s. Each of the second end sections 468s of
metal L-shaped beads 468 are further positioned and placed between
the second middle fire resistant barrier layer 454 and the third
outer intumescent layer 456, as shown in FIGS. 11, 13 through 18 of
the drawings. One pair of the first end sections 468f at the inner
end 455 are further positioned and placed in contact with and
adjacent to the second middle end layer 460. The other pair of the
first end sections 468f at the outer end 457 are further positioned
and placed between the first inner intumescent end layer 462 and
the second middle intumescent end layer 464. The aforementioned
metal L-shaped beads 468 are used for rigidity and retention of the
second middle fire resistant barrier layers 454 and the third outer
intumescent layers 456 together and in conjunction with each other
to form an exoskeleton layer E.sub.x, as shown in FIGS. 11, 13
through 18 of the drawings, in order to further strengthen stiles
412 and 414 and rails 416 and 418, respectively. Each of the metal
L-shaped beads 68 are fastened at the inner and outer ends 455 and
457 of the stiles 412, 414 and rails 416, 418 by brads 120n and
staples 120s, respectively, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
[0094] Upper panel 420 has edges 461, 463, 465 and 467, and the
lower panel has edges 563, 565, 567, and 569. The panels 420, 422,
423, and 424 are formed from a composite laminate structure 470, as
shown in FIGS. 13 to 18 and 21 of the drawings. The composite
laminate structure 470 includes outer wood sections 472 and 476 and
an interior center intumescent section 474 sandwiched therebetween.
The interior center intumescent section 474 includes a first outer
intumescent layer 478, a second inner fire resistant barrier layer
480, a third middle intumescent layer 482, a fourth middle
intumescent layer 484 a fifth inner fire resistant barrier layer
486, and a sixth outer intumescent layer 488. The first outer,
third middle, fourth middle, and sixth outer intumescent layers
478, 482, 484, and 488 are made of the PALUSOL.TM. P-210 product as
previously described. The second and fifth fire resistant barrier
layers 480 and 486 are made of the FYRE ROC.TM. fire resistant
barrier laminate sheet, as previously described. The aforementioned
outer wood sections 472, 476 and the intumescent and fire resistant
barrier layer 478, 480, 482, 484, 486 and 488 are laminated
together under pressure P using an adhesive system consisting of a
Simpson ISR 70-07 isocyanate adhesive A or an equivalent adhesive
in order to form the laminated panels 428, 422, 423, and 424,
respectively, as shown in FIGS. 19, 20, and 22 of the drawings.
[0095] Tongue and groove joints 490 and 492 are used to connect
upper panel 420 to stiles 412 or 414, respectively, and tongue and
groove joints 494 and 496 are used to connect upper panel 420 to
rail 416, as depicted in FIGS. 12 and 20 of the drawings. Tongue
and groove joints 498 and 500 are used to connect rails 416 or 418
to stiles 412 or 414, respectively, as shown in FIG. 14 of the
drawings. Additionally, tongue and groove joints 514 and 516 are
used to connect the first mullion 426 to stiles 412 or 414, as well
as the first mullion 426 to upper panel 420, as depicted in FIG.
15. As shown in FIGS. 13, 19 and 19B the tongue and groove joints
490 and 492 include air gaps 504 for expansion of the intumescent
material layers 478, 482, 484, and 488 in the presence of excessive
heat and/or fire, such that the intumescent material layers 478,
482, 484, and 488 close and seal the air gaps 504 within the fire
retardant panel door 410 in order to prevent the spread of
excessive heat and/or fire through the fire retardant panel door
410 and door frame 430. Further, the tongue and groove joints 494
and 496, as shown in FIGS. 14, 20A, 20B and 20C also include air
gaps 508 for expansion of the intumescent material layers 478, 482,
484, and 488 in the presence of excessive heat and/or fire, such
that the intumescent material layers 478, 482, 484, and 488 close
and seal the air gaps 508 within the fire retardant panel door 410
in order to prevent the spread of excessive heat and/or fire
through the fire retardant panel door 410 and door frame 230. Also,
the tongue and groove joints 514 and 516 include air gaps 520 for
expansion of the intumescent material layers 478, 482, 484, and 488
in the presence of excessive heat and/or fire, such that the
intumescent material layers 478, 482, 484, and 488 close and seal
the air gaps 520 within the fire retardant panel door 410 in order
to prevent the spread of excessive heat and/or fire through the
fire retardant panel door 410 and door frame 230. Additionally, the
tongue and groove joints 498 and 500 as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13
include air gaps 512 for expansion of the intumescent end layers
458 and 460 in the presence of excessive heat and/or fire, such
that the intumescent end layers 458 and 460 close and seal the air
gaps 512 within the fire retardant panel door 410 in order to
prevent the spread of excessive heat and/or fire through the fire
retardant panel 410 and door frame 230. Also, the tongue and groove
joints 490 and 492, 494 and 496, and 514 and 516 are attached to
each other using a staple 120s or nail 120n, respectively, as shown
in FIGS. 11, 20, and 21 of the drawings. Further, each of the rails
416 and 418, and stiles 412 and 414 include a dowel groove 522,
523, 524 and 525, respectfully, for receiving the wooden dowel 326.
Therein, for additionally joining together the rails 416 and 418 to
the stiles 412 and 414, respectfully, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.
The dowels 526 are held in place within dowel grooves 522, 523, 524
and 525 with appropriate wood glue G, as shown in FIGS. 14 and
15.
[0096] The fire retardant panel door 410 and door frame 230 of the
second embodiment 200 of the present invention further includes a
heat activated door pin assembly 570, as shown in FIGS. 12, 12B,
12C and 12D, for securing and holding a second free corner C.sub.F2
of the fire retardant panel door 410 in place (to present buckling
of free corner C.sub.F2) while the intumescent layers of the stiles
412, 414 and rails 416, 418 react from excessive heat and/or fire.
The heat activated door pin assembly 570 includes a substantially
cylindrically-shaped housing member 572 having a pin opening 574
for receiving a movable and hollow door pin 580 therein. The
housing member 572 further includes a curved outer wall 576 and a
bottom wall 577 for forming an interior compartment 578. The hollow
pin 580 includes an internal compressible spring 582 coiled about a
threaded rod 584. The compressible spring 582 includes a first
lower end 582f and a second upper end 582s. Threaded rod 584
includes a proximal end 584p and a distal end 584d. The proximal
end 584p of threaded rod 584 is connected to the first lower end
582f of compressible spring 582 and is held in place by washer 586
and hex nut 588. The distal end 584d of threaded rod 584 includes a
fusible solder link 590. The fusible solder link 590 melts at
117.degree. F. allowing the internal compressible spring 582 to
eject the movable door bolt pin 580 withing a strike plate opening
592 of a strike plate 594, such that the movable door bolt pin 580
resides within an upper header bolt opening 236h of upper header
236. The strike plate 594 also includes mounting openings 595 for
receiving mounting screws 596 therein for attaching the strike
plate 594 to the upper header 236, as shown in FIGS. 12B and 12C of
the drawings. Further, the bottom wall 577 of interior compartment
578 of the housing member 572 includes a pair of circular
intumescent pads 598a and 598b. The intumescent pads 598a and 598b
upon exposure to excessive heat and/or fire expands rapidly (23
times the original thickness) and locks the movable door bolt pin
580 permanently within the upper header bolt opening 236h. Thus,
preventing any movement or buckling of the second free corner
C.sub.F2 of the fire retardant panel door 410 relative to the door
frame 230. Intumescent pads 598a and 598b are made form TECHNOFIRE
2000.TM. composite laminate sheets as previously described in the
above preferred embodiment. Housing member 572 is made of copper
metal and the movable hollow door bolt pin 580 is made of brass
metal.
[0097] It is understood that the heat activated door pin assembly
570' and 570" can also be positioned at other locations, such as
along the vertical axis of stile 412, as shown in FIG. 12. In this
manner, when the heat activated door pin assemblies (570' and 570"
) react to excessive heat and/or fire, they cause the door panels
210 and 410 to lock together to prevent any movement or buckling of
the door panels 210 and 410 relative to the door frame 230.
[0098] The fire retardant panel door 410 and door frame 230 of the
second embodiment 200 of the present invention also includes a heat
activated door hook or door latch assembly 610, as shown in FIGS.
12, 12E, 12F, 12G, 12H, 12I and 12J for securing and holding a
second free corner C.sub.F2 of the fire retardant panel door 410 in
place (to prevent buckling of the free corner C.sub.F2) while the
intumescent layers of the stiles 412, 414 and rails 416, 418 react
from excessive heat and/or fire. The heat activated door hook
assembly 610 includes a substantially rectangular-shaped housing
member 612 having a top wall 614 in the form of a strike plate, a
bottom wall 616, a front wall 618, a rear wall 620, a left side
wall 622, a right side wall 624 for forming an interior compartment
626. Strike plate 614 includes a hook/latch opening 628 for
receiving a movable door hook or door latch member 630
therethrough. Strike plate 614 further includes opposing ends 632a
and 632b having mounting openings 634a and 634b therethrough for
receiving mounting screws 636 therein. The strike plate 614 also
includes a solder link opening 638 for receiving a fusible solder
link 640 therethrough. The front and rear walls 618 and 620 include
shaft openings 642 and 644 therethrough for receiving a shaft
member 646 therein. The bottom wall 616 includes a rectangular
opening 648 for accessing the door hook member 630. The door hook
member 630 includes a hook or latch section 650, a shaft hook
opening 645 for receiving the shaft member 646 therethrough, a
round end section 652, a front wall 654 and a rear wall 656. The
door hook member 630 further includes an internal compressible
spring 658 having a first spring end 660 and a second spring end
662 being integrally attached to the front wall 654 of the hook
member 630 and adjacent to the shaft hook opening 652, as depicted
in FIGS. 12D and 12E of the drawings. The fusible solder link 640
includes a first solder link end 664 and a second solder link end
666. Side wall 624 includes a pin opening 668 for receiving the
first spring end 660 therethrough in order to hold the compressible
spring 658 in place on side wall 624, as shown in FIG. 12D. The
hook member 630, the attached compressible spring 658 and the fixed
shaft member 646 are all positioned within the interior compartment
626 of the housing member 612. The first solder link end 664 of the
fusible solder link 640 is detachably connected to the solder link
opening 638 and the second solder link end 666 of the fusible
solder link 640 is connected to the second spring end 662 of
compressible spring 658 such that the heat activated door hook
assembly 610 is an unexpanded configuration and tensioned state
C.sub.1, as shown in FIG. 12D, and is readied for activation by
heat or fire. In an alternate design configuration, the second
solder link end 666 of the fusible solder link 640 is connected to
the front wall 654 of the round end section 652 of door hook member
630 such that the heat activated door hook assembly 610 is also in
the tensioned state C.sub.1. The fusible solder link 640 melts at
117.degree. F. allowing the second spring end 662 of compressible
spring 658 to rotatably move in a clockwise motion R.sub.C, such
that the hook section 650 of the door hook member 630 is then moved
to an untensioned state C.sub.2. The shaft hook opening 652 of the
door hook member 630 pivots on the fixed shaft member 646, where
then the hook section 650 rotatably moves within an upper strike
plate opening 672 of an upper strike plate 670. The upper strike
plate 670 includes mounting openings 674a and 674b for receiving
mounting screws 636 therethrough for attaching permanently to the
upper strike plate 670 to the upper header 236, as shown in FIGS.
12D and 12E of the drawings. The housing member 612 is made from
brass or copper materials.
OPERATION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0099] In operation, when fire or excessive heat occurs, the
intumescent materials expand and provide closing and sealing of all
the tongue and groove joints within panel doors 10, 210, and 410,
respectively, of the first and second embodiments. This includes
also the closing and sealing of the panels, stiles, rails, and/or
mullions, as well as perimeter edges of the fire retardant panel
doors 10, 210, and 410 within the door frames 30 and 230,
respectively, thus preventing the spread of the fire through the
fire retardant panel door 10, 210, and 410 and door frames 30 and
230, respectively.
[0100] The fire retardant panel doors 10, 210, and 410 and the door
frames 30 and 230, respectively, of this invention have undergone
special testing by I.T.S. Warnock Hersey Laboratory for fire
resistance and have passed the fire burn test known as ANSI/U.L.
10B1978 including the hose stream test. By passing this fire burn
test, the doors 10, 210, and 410 and the door frames 30 and 230,
respectively, can be specified by architects for many building uses
where metal doors and wood flush doors would have been previously
used.
[0101] The I.T.S. test under ANSI/U.L. 10B1978 includes the
following steps:
[0102] 1. The door structure to be tested is placed within a brick
retaining wall.
[0103] 2. One side of the door is subjected to an intense fire on a
time temperature curve from 0 to 90 minutes and room temperature to
1,462.degree. F. temperature. More specifically, the
time-temperature is as follows:
1 Start: Room temperature 5 minutes: 1000.degree. F. 10 minutes:
1300.degree. F. 20 minutes: 1462.degree. F. 30 minutes:
1550.degree. F. 40 minutes: 1620.degree. F. 50 minutes:
1650.degree. F. 60 minutes: 1700.degree. F. 70 minutes:
1750.degree. F. 80 minutes: 1785.degree. F. 90 minutes:
1785.degree. F.
[0104] 3. Immediately after the 90 minute burn period, the burned
side of the door is subjected to a hose stream test from: a) a 21/2
inch water supply hose; b) discharged through a tapered nozzle with
a one (1) inch outlet opening; c) regulated to a 30 PSI discharge
pressure; d) applied a distance of 20 feet from the door structure;
and e) the time period of application of the water stream against
the middle and all exposed parts of the door structure is
controlled at a rate of 1.5 seconds per square foot.
[0105] The door being tested passes this testing procedure if no
door panel or door members are disengaged from the supporting door
frame assembly and if no openings are created.
[0106] In summary, the fire retardant panel doors 10, 210, and 410
and the door frames 30 and 230, respectively, of the present
invention have passed a ninety (90) minute burn test performed by a
I.T.S. testing laboratory to obtain and meet the fire resistant
specification known as the ANSI/U.L. 10B fire burn test for
doors.
ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0107] Accordingly, it is an advantage of the present invention
that it provides a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door
frame that prevents buckling of the door during a fire.
[0108] Another advantage of the present invention is that it
provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame
that has supplemental fire resistant materials strategically
embedded and placed within the tongue and groove joints of the fire
resistant panel door, as well as supplemental fire resistant
materials placed on the perimeter edges of the fire resistant panel
door for preventing the spread of fire through the door and door
frame
[0109] Another advantage of the present invention is that is
provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame
that has intumescent and fire resistant material layers within the
panel door and door frame for preventing the spread of fire through
the door and door frame.
[0110] Another advantage of the present invention is that it
provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame
that has fire resistant materials being multiple layers of
intumescent material that expands in the presence of fire such that
the intumescent material closes and seals the component tongue and
groove joints, as well as the perimeter edges of the fire retardant
panel door for preventing the spread of fire through the door and
door frame.
[0111] Another advantage of the present invention is that it
provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame
that is used as part of an interior or exterior personal living
space, or workspace being installed within home dwellings,
commercial buildings or industrial plants.
[0112] Another advantage of the present invention is that it
provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame
that has stiles and rails having metal L-shaped beads therein in
order to form an exoskeleton for further strengthening and tying
together the stiles and rails within the panel door in order to
keep the panel door from buckling during a fire.
[0113] Another advantage of the present invention is that it
provides for a reinforced panel door and door frame that has
improved aesthetic qualities by having a maxium panel core
thickness of 3/8 of an inch allowing for a minimum thickness of
13/4 inches of the fire resistant and reinforced panel door which
allows for greater profiling (depth) of the exterior wood molding
between the center panel and the stiles and rails.
[0114] Another advantage of the present invention is that it
provides for a reinforced panel door and door frame that includes a
heat activated door pin or door hook assembly for preventing the
active (free) panel door from buckling during a fire.
[0115] Another advantage of the present invention is that it
provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame
that is aesthetically pleasing having the appearance of natural
wood, and has achieved a successful fire rating of at least 90
minutes and passes a positive pressure test, and is easily
installed in a building.
[0116] A further advantage of the present invention is that it
provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame
that can be mass produced in an automated and economical matter and
is readily affordable to the builder or consumer.
[0117] A latitude of modification, change, and substitution is
intended in the foregoing disclosure, and in some instances, some
features of the invention will be employed without a corresponding
use of other features. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the
appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent
with the spirit and scope of the invention herein.
* * * * *