U.S. patent application number 10/862804 was filed with the patent office on 2005-12-08 for novel multi-purpose rust preventative and penetrant.
Invention is credited to Akins, Jonathan Lee, Sturtz, Michael Scott, Walker, Johnny B..
Application Number | 20050272614 10/862804 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35044645 |
Filed Date | 2005-12-08 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050272614 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Walker, Johnny B. ; et
al. |
December 8, 2005 |
Novel multi-purpose rust preventative and penetrant
Abstract
A penetrant and coating composition concentrate for metals
having improved corrosion inhibiting properties. The composition
includes from about 2 to about 5 weight percent ashless acidic rust
inhibitor, from about 25 to about 50 weight percent neutral
alkaline earth metal sulfonate corrosion inhibitor component, from
about 25 to about 50 weight percent phosphorus-based corrosion
inhibitor component, and a process oil component.
Inventors: |
Walker, Johnny B.;
(Richmond, VA) ; Akins, Jonathan Lee; (Midlothian,
VA) ; Sturtz, Michael Scott; (Midlothian,
VA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
DENNIS H. RAINEAR
CHIEF PATENT COUNSEL, ETHYL CORPORATION
330 SOUTH FOURTH STREET
RICHMOND
VA
23219
US
|
Family ID: |
35044645 |
Appl. No.: |
10/862804 |
Filed: |
June 7, 2004 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/232 ;
508/390; 508/408; 508/433; 508/438; 508/591 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10N 2030/06 20130101;
C10M 2219/044 20130101; C10N 2030/12 20130101; C10M 2215/224
20130101; C10M 141/10 20130101; C10M 2223/04 20130101; C10N 2050/04
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/232 ;
508/390; 508/408; 508/433; 508/438; 508/591 |
International
Class: |
C10M 141/10 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A penetrant and coating composition concentrate for metals
having improved corrosion inhibiting properties comprising from
about 2 to about 5 weight percent ashless acidic rust inhibitor
component, from about 25 to about 50 weight percent neutral
alkaline earth metal sulfonate corrosion inhibitor component, from
about 25 to about 50 weight percent phosphorus-based corrosion
inhibitor component, and a process oil component.
2. The concentrate of claim 1 wherein the process oil component
comprises from about 20 to about 30 weight percent of the
concentrate.
3. A light duty lubricant containing the concentrate of claim
1.
4. The light duty lubricant of claim 3 wherein the lubricant
contains from about 10 to about 20 percent by weight of the
concentrate.
5. The light duty lubricant of claim 3 wherein the lubricant
contains from about 10 to about 15 percent by weight of the
concentrate.
6. The light duty lubricant of claim 5 wherein the lubricant
further comprises a polyolefin tackifier component having a number
average molecular weight ranging from about 1,000,000 to about
2,000,000 grams/mol.
7. The light duty lubricant of claim 6 wherein the tackifier
component is present in the lubricant in an amount ranging from
about 0.3 to about 1.0 weight percent of a total weight of the
lubricant.
8. The light duty lubricant of claim 1 wherein the ashless acidic
rust inhibitor component comprises a reaction product of linear or
branched alkyl or alkenyl substituted succinic anhydrides with
imidazolines.
9. The light duty lubricant of claim 8 wherein the ashless acidic
rust inhibitor component has a total acid number (TAN) ranging from
about 50 to about 60 mgKOH/gram.
10. The light duty lubricant of claim 1 wherein the
phosphorus-based corrosion inhibitor component comprises a reaction
product of phosphorus with dimer-acids.
11. An aerosol spray package comprising the light duty lubricant of
claim 6 and an aerosol component.
12. A mist spray package comprising the light duty lubricant of
claim 6.
13. A method for inhibiting corrosion of a surface of a metal
comprising applying a corrosion inhibiting composition to the
surface of the metal, the composition containing from about 2 to
about 5 weight percent ashless acidic rust inhibitor component,
from about 25 to about 50 weight percent neutral alkaline earth
metal sulfonate corrosion inhibitor component, from about 25 to
about 50 weight percent phosphorus-based corrosion inhibitor
component, and a process oil component.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the composition includes a
polyolefin tackifier component having a number average molecular
weight ranging from about 1,000,000 to about 2,000,000
grams/mol.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the tackifier component is
present in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.3 to
about 1.0 weight percent of a total weight of the composition.
16. A method for lubricating and protecting moving parts from
corrosion comprising applying to the moving parts a corrosion
inhibiting composition containing from about 2 to about 5 weight
percent ashless acidic rust inhibitor component, from about 25 to
about 50 weight percent neutral alkaline earth metal sulfonate
corrosion inhibitor component, from about 25 to about 50 weight
percent phosphorus-based corrosion inhibitor component, and a
process oil component.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the composition includes a
polyolefin tackifier component having a number average molecular
weight ranging from about 1,000,000 to about 2,000,000
grams/mol.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the tackifier component is
present in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.3 to
about 1.0 weight percent of a total weight of the composition.
19. A method for displacing moisture or water from a surface of a
metal to reduce corrosion thereof comprising applying to the
surface of the metal a composition including from about 2 to about
5 weight percent ashless acidic rust inhibitor component, from
about 25 to about 50 weight percent neutral alkaline earth metal
sulfonate corrosion inhibitor component, from about 25 to about 50
weight percent phosphorus-based corrosion inhibitor component, and
a process oil component.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the composition includes a
polyolefin tackifier component having a number average molecular
weight ranging from about 1,000,000 to about 2,000,000
grams/mol.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein the tackifier component is
present in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.3 to
about 1.0 weight percent of a total weight of the composition.
22. A wear reducing composition for moving parts comprising from
about 2 to about 5 weight percent ashless acidic rust inhibitor
component, from about 25 to about 50 weight percent neutral
alkaline earth metal sulfonate corrosion inhibitor component, from
about 25 to about 50 weight percent phosphorus-based corrosion
inhibitor component, and a process oil component.
23. The wear reducing composition of claim 22 further comprising a
polyolefin tackifier component having a number average molecular
weight ranging from about 1,000,000 to about 2,000,000
grams/mol.
24. The wear reducing composition of claim 23 wherein the tackifier
component is present in the composition in an amount ranging from
about 0.3 to about 1.0 weight percent of a total weight of the
lubricant.
25. The wear reducing composition of claim 22 wherein the ashless
acidic rust inhibitor component comprises a reaction product of
linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl substituted succinic anhydrides
with imidazolines.
26. The wear reducing composition of claim 25 wherein the ashless
acidic rust inhibitor component has a total acid number (TAN)
ranging from about 50 to about 60 mgKOH/gram.
27. The wear reducing composition of claim 22 wherein the
phosphorus-based corrosion inhibitor component comprises a reaction
product of phosphorus with dimer-acids.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The following disclosure is directed to a multi-purpose rust
preventative and penetrant formulation for industrial and home use
applications.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Industrial and home environments often require use of a
utility lubricant for a variety of purposes, such as to loosen
bolts, reduce squeaks in hinges and other movable objects, remove
moisture from electrical components, and the like. Such lubricants,
referred to herein as "light duty lubricants" may be sprayed or
otherwise applied to metal surfaces and moving parts to reduce
corrosion of the parts, and to temporarily lubricate the parts.
Such lubricants are effective to reduce corrosion of the parts by
displacing water or moisture from the surface of the parts.
[0003] Such light duty lubricants also desirably have a surface
tension that enables the lubricants to effectively coat the surface
of the parts. In order for the lubricants to penetrate between
closely spaced parts to loosen or lubricate the parts, the
viscosity of the lubricants must be relatively low. In many cases,
such lubricants have major component consisting of an oleaginous
diluent having a relatively high volatility.
[0004] Unfortunately, conventional light duty lubricants that are
effective to reduce corrosion of metal parts, reduce wear, and
reduce squeaks must be reapplied to the parts often. While the
volatility of the lubricant is desirable for some applications
where relatively oil free parts are needed, the volatility is less
desirable in other applications that require a lubricant to
continue to work over an extended period of time.
[0005] Despite the wide variety of light duty lubricants that are
commercially available, there continues to be a need for an
improved light duty lubricant that has improved multi-functional
properties.
SUMMARY OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0006] With regard to the foregoing, there is presented in one
embodiment of the disclosure a penetrant and coating composition
concentrate for metals having improved corrosion inhibiting
properties. The composition contains from about 2 to about 5 weight
percent ashless acidic rust inhibitor component, from about 25 to
about 50 weight percent neutral alkaline earth metal sulfonate
corrosion inhibitor component, from about 25 to about 50 weight
percent phosphorus-based corrosion inhibitor component, and a
process oil component.
[0007] In another embodiment there is provided a method for
inhibiting corrosion of a surface of a metal by applying a
corrosion inhibiting composition to the surface of the metal. The
composition includes from about 2 to about 5 weight percent ashless
acidic rust inhibitor component, from about 25 to about 50 weight
percent neutral alkaline earth metal sulfonate corrosion inhibitor
component, from about 25 to about 50 weight percent
phosphorus-based corrosion inhibitor component, and a process oil
component.
[0008] In yet another embodiment, there is provided a method for
lubricating and protecting moving parts from corrosion. The method
includes applying to the moving parts a corrosion inhibiting
composition containing from about 2 to about 5 weight percent
ashless acidic rust inhibitor component, from about 25 to about 50
weight percent neutral alkaline earth metal sulfonate corrosion
inhibitor component, from about 25 to about 50 weight percent
phosphorus-based corrosion inhibitor component, and a process oil
component.
[0009] An advantage of the embodiments described herein is that the
compositions have improved corrosion prevention abilities. Another
advantage of the compositions described herein is that the
compositions have improved lubricity over an extended period of
time. A further advantage of the compositions described herein is
the compositions are miscible with light to medium weight diluent
oils thereby increasing the flexibility for use of the compositions
in a wider variety of applications.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0010] Further advantages of the invention will become apparent by
reference to the detailed description of embodiments when
considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which
like reference numbers denote like elements throughout the several
views, and wherein:
[0011] FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of a 4 ball wear test
comparing a formulation according to the disclosure with
commercially available products;
[0012] FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of an extreme pressure
wear test according to procedure A comparing a formulation
according to the disclosure with commercially available
products;
[0013] FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of an extreme pressure
wear test according to procedure B comparing a formulation
according to the disclosure with commercially available
products;
[0014] FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of a pin and vee block
wear test comparing a formulation according to the disclosure with
commercially available products;
[0015] FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of a boundary friction
coefficient versus wear scar diameter test according comparing a
formulation according to the disclosure with commercially available
products;
[0016] FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of a lubricity versus
wear scar diameter test comparing a formulation according to the
disclosure with commercially available products;
[0017] FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of dielectric strengths
comparing a formulation according to the disclosure with
commercially available products;
[0018] FIG. 8 is a graphical representation of a nut and bolt
torque test comparing a formulation according to the disclosure
with commercially available products; and
[0019] FIG. 9 is a graphical representation of a creep test
comparing a formulation according to the disclosure with
commercially available products.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0020] A feature of the compositions as described herein is that
the compositions contain multiple corrosion or rust inhibiting
components unlike conventional products. The corrosion and rust
inhibiting components complement each other to provide superior
corrosion inhibiting and wear properties. Another feature of the
compositions described herein is that the compositions may be
readily formulated for different uses. The compositions may be
provided as a concentrate and blended with diluents to provide
compositions having a desired viscosity. Still other compositions
described herein contain tackifier components that enhance the
ability of the compositions to remain on treated surfaces for
extended periods of time.
[0021] For the purposes of the disclosure, the term "light duty" is
intended to exclude only engine and gear train, and transmission
lubricants, and lubricants intended for high speed heavy duty
applications. All other lubricant applications are intended to be
included in the term "light duty."
[0022] As set forth above, penetrant and coating compositions and
methods describe herein include at least three rust or corrosion
inhibiting components, namely an ashless acidic rust inhibitor
component, a neutral alkaline earth metal sulfonate corrosion
inhibitor component, and a phosphorus-based corrosion inhibitor
component. The foregoing components are provided in a process oil
mixture.
[0023] Ashless Acidic Rust Inhibitor Component
[0024] The ashless acidic rust inhibitor component is derived from
a reaction product of a monocarboxylic acid, a polyalkylene amine
having more than one nitrogen atom per molecule than there are
alkylene groups in the molecule, and a succinic acid or succinic
anhydride. The reaction product may be a linear or branched alkyl
or alkenyl succinic acid/anhydride ester reacted with a substituted
imidazoline of the formula 1
[0025] wherein R.sup.1 is selected from an alkyl group containing
from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group containing from 6
to about 12 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 is selected from H, a lower
C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, e.g. a hydroxyethyl
group, or an alkylaminoalkyl group wherein the alkyl portion
contains from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms. A suitable ashless acidic
rust inhibitor component is available from Ethyl Corporation of
Richmond, Va. under the trade name HiTEC.RTM. 536 Performance
Additive.
[0026] The ashless acidic rust inhibitor component may have a total
acid number (TAN) ranging from about 50 to about 60 mg KOH per
gram. Such reaction products are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,101,429 to Birke and 6,043,199 to Godici.
[0027] The amount of ashless acidic rust inhibitor component in the
formulation is present in a minor amount. Accordingly, the amount
of ashless acidic rust inhibitor ranges from about 2 to about 5
percent by weight based on a total weight of composition
concentrate. The concentrate may be diluted with diluents and a
tackifier to provide a finished penetrant and coating composition
containing from about 0.1 to about 1.0 percent by weight of the
ashless acidic rust inhibitor component.
[0028] Neutral Metal Sulfonate Corrosion Inhibitor Component
[0029] The neutral metal sulfonate corrosion inhibitor component
may be selected from alkaline and alkaline earth metal sulfonates.
Alkaline earth metal sulfonates are derived from sulfonic acids,
particularly from petroleum sulfonic acids or alkylated benzene
sulfonic acids. Useful sulfonic acids from which the neutral
alkaline earth metal sulfonates are prepared have a number average
molecular weight of about 250-1500, about 400-1100, or about
440-600. Examples of specific sulfonic acids include mahogany
sulfonic acids, petrolatum sulfonic acids, aliphatic sulfonic acids
and cycloaliphatic sulfonic acids. Sulfonic acids suitably used are
alkaryl sulfonic acids such as alkylbenzene or alkylnaphthalene
sulfonic acids wherein the alkyl groups contain from 10 to about 30
carbon atoms or more. Higher molecular weight alkyls derived from
alkylation with polyolefin (e.g. polybutenes) having molecular
weights up to about 2000 can be used to give hydrocarbyl sulfonic
acids somewhat above the foregoing molecular weight range, but
still useful. Other suitable sulfonic acids are the alkaryl
sulfonic acids also referred to as alkylbenzene sulfonic acids.
[0030] Alkaryl sulfonic acids can be made by conventional methods
such as by alkylating benzene, toluene or naphthalene or aromatic
mixtures with olefins containing about 10-30 carbon atoms or more
(e.g. with polyolefin). The most suitable olefins are cracked-wax
olefins, propylene trimers and tetramers and olefin mixtures
derived from aluminum alkyl chain growth. Alkylation is effected
using a Friedel-Crafts (e.g. AlCl3 or BF3) catalyst. The
alkylaromatic mixture contains predominantly mono- and di-alkyl
products. These alkyl aromatics are then sulfonated by known
methods such as by reaction with sulfuric acid, oleum, sulfur
trioxide and the like.
[0031] Sulfonic acids which may be used include octadecylbenzene
sulfonic acid, didodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, docosylbenzene
sulfonic acid, triacontylbenzene sulfonic acid,
dodecyloctadecylbenzene sulfonic acid, didecylbenzene sulfonic
acid, dodecylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, hexadecylnaphthalene
sulfonic acid, dinonylbenzene sulfonic acid and mixtures thereof
and the like.
[0032] Hydrocarbyl sulfonic acids may have a number average
molecular weight of about 250-1500. Suitable hydrocarbyl sulfonic
acids, alkylbenzene sulfonic acids may have a number average
molecular weight of, for example, about 400-1100 and as a further
example, about 440-600.
[0033] Neutral alkaline earth metal sulfonates are produced by
neutralizing the sulfonic acid with an alkaline earth metal base to
form an alkaline earth metal sulfonate salt. The process provides a
product having a total base number (TBN) of less than about 50, for
example, about 0.
[0034] Neutral calcium petroleum sulfonates or alkylaryl (e.g.
alkylbenzene) sulfonates may be used. Such products are prepared by
neutralizing the corresponding petroleum sulfonic acid or alkylated
benzene sulfonic acid with a calcium base to form a calcium
sulfonate salt. Such neutral calcium sulfonates are available from
Ethyl Corporation under the trade name HiTEC.RTM. 614 Performance
Additive.
[0035] The amount of neutral alkaline earth metal sulfonate
component in the formulation ranges from about 25 to about 50
percent by weight based on a total weight of composition
concentrate. The concentrate may be diluted with diluents and a
tackifier to provide a finished penetrant and coating composition
containing from about 2 to about 10 percent by weight of the
neutral alkaline earth metal sulfonate component.
[0036] Phosphorus-Based Corrosion Inhibitor Component
[0037] A third corrosion inhibiting component in the formulation is
a phosphorus-based corrosion inhibitor component. Such corrosion
inhibitors may be selected from aryl phosphates, alkaryl
phosphates, and arylalkyl phosphates and are combined with alkyl
phenols and dimer acids. Phosphates of the formula
(RO).sub.3PO
[0038] wherein each R is, independently, a phenyl or an
alkyl-substituted phenyl group, are particularly suitable
phosphates. Non-limiting examples include dimethyl (monophenyl)
phosphates where the phenyl group is substituted with up to six
carbon atoms as up to three lower alkyl radicals from such phenols
as ortho-, meta-, or para-cresol; xylenols such as
2,3-dimethyl-phenol, 3,4-dimethyl-phenol, 3,5-dimethyl-phenol,
2,6-dimethyl-phenol, 2,4-dimetllylphenol, and 2,5-dimethylphenol;
mono ethyl, -propyl, isopropyl, -butyl, -amyl, or -hexyl-phenols
where such straight or branched chain alkyl groups are in the
ortho, meta or para position. Similarly di- and trialkyl
substituted phenols such as 2,4-dimethyl-5-t-butyl-phenol,
2,4-dimethyl-6 ethyl-phenol and 2-methyl-4,5-diethyl-phenol
[0039] The phenolic component of the mixture may be provided by,
for example, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, liquid mixtures of tertiary
butylated phenols, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,
4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-- butylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), mixed
methylene-bridged polyalkyl phenols, and
4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-but- ylphenol).
N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-iso-propylaminodiphenyl
amine, phenyl-naphthyl amine, and ring-alkylated diphenylamines may
also be used.
[0040] The dimer acid component of the mixture includes oil-soluble
monocarboxylic acids such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid, lauric acid,
myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic
acid, behenic acid, cerotic acid, and the like, and oil-soluble
polycarboxylic acids including dimer and trimer acids, such as are
produced from tall oil fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, or
the like. Other suitable corrosion inhibitors include
alkenylsuccinic acids in which the alkenyl group contains about 10
or more carbon atoms such as, for example, tetrapropenylsuccinic
acid, tetradecenylsuccinic acid, hexadecenylsuccinic acid, and the
like; long-chain .alpha.,.omega.-dicarboxylic acids in the
molecular weight range of about 600 to about 3000; and other
similar materials. Products of this type are available from various
commercial sources, such as, for example, the dimer and trimer
acids sold under the HYSTRENE trademark by the Humco Chemical
Division of Witco Chemical Corporation and under the EMPOL
trademark by Emery Chemicals.
[0041] Such phosphorus-based corrosion inhibitor components are
available from Ethyl Corporation under the trade name HiTEC.RTM.
515 Performance Additive.
[0042] The amount of phosphorus-based corrosion inhibitor component
in the formulation ranges from about 25 to about 50 percent by
weight based on a total weight of composition concentrate. The
concentrate may be diluted with diluents and a tackifier to provide
a finished penetrant and coating composition containing from about
2 to about 10 percent by weight of the phosphorus-based corrosion
inhibitor component.
[0043] Optional Components
[0044] It may also be useful to include other corrosion inhibitor
components in the above composition. Such components may be a
single compound or a mixture of compounds having the property of
inhibiting corrosion of metallic surfaces. For example, compounds
such as thiazoles, triazoles, and thiadiazoles may be used in
combination with the foregoing. Examples of such compounds include
benzotriazole, tolytriazole, octyltriazole, decyltriazole,
dodecyltriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole,
2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole,
2-mercapto-5-hydrocarbylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazoles,
2-mercapto-5-hydrocarbyl- dithio- 1,3,4-thiadiazoles,
2,5-bis(hydrocarbylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, and
2,5-(bis)hydrocarbyl-dithio),1,3,4-thiadiazoles. Such compounds are
generally synthesized from hydrazine and carbon disulfide by known
procedures. See for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,765,289; 2,749,311;
2,760,933; 2,850,453; 2,910,439; 3,663,561; and 3,840,549. Other
types of corrosion inhibitors are known and suitable for use in the
foregoing compositions. Suitable corrosion inhibitors include ether
amines; acid phosphates; amines; polyethoxylated compounds such as
ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated phenols, and
ethoxylated alcohols; imidazolines; and the like. Materials of
these types are well known to those skilled in the art and a number
of such materials are available as articles of commerce.
[0045] Other useful types of corrosion inhibitors include the
alkenyl succinic acid and alkenyl succinic anhydride corrosion
inhibitors such as, for example, tetrapropenylsuccinic acid,
tetrapropenylsuccinic anhydride, tetradecenylsuccinic acid,
tetradecenylsuccinic anhydride, hexadecenylsuccinic acid,
hexadecenylsuccinic anhydride, and the like. Also useful are the
half esters of alkenyl succinic acids having 8 to 24 carbon atoms
in the alkenyl group with alcohols such as the polyglycols.
[0046] Base Oils and Diluents
[0047] The components of the penetrant and coating compositions
described above are formulated in a base oil. The base oils may be
provided by a combination of aromatic organic solvents from
petroleum distillates, and light to medium solvent extract neutral
base stocks. Suitable solvents are mineral spirits, white spirits,
and Stoddard solvent (also known as VARSOL and TEXSOLVE).
[0048] Suitable diluents are very light solvent extract neutral
base stocks (e.g., EC 100, EC 135 or 150SN); suitable process oils
are light to medium solvent extract neutral base stocks (e.g.,
100SN or 150SN). All diluents and base oils are available from
ExxonMobil Oil Corporation of Fairfax, Va.
[0049] The amount of base oil and/or diluent in the formulations
varies depending on whether a concentrate or a fully formulated
mixture is provided. In the concentrate, the formulation may
contain from about 15 to about 40 percent by weight process oil. A
fully formulated mixture may contain from about 10 to about 30
percent by weight 150 neutral base stock, from about 2 to about 5
percent by weight process oil, and from about 50 to about 75
percent by weight mineral spirits.
[0050] Tackifier
[0051] A tackifier component may be included in the formulation.
The tackifier provides an increased tendency of the penetrant and
coating composition to remain on a treated surface. A wide variety
of oil soluble tackifiers may be used including, but not limited
to, olefin hydrocarbon tackifiers, tall oil rosin esters,
polymerized rosin, phenolic resins, ethylene-propylene copolymers,
and the like. A suitable tackifier is an olefinic material, such as
a high molecular weight olefin or polyolefin having a number
average molecular weight ranging from about 1,000,000 to about
2,000,000. A suitable tackifier is polyisobutylene. The tackifier
may be provided as a mixture in a process oil or diluent as set
forth above. Such a tackifier is available from Ethyl Corporation
under the trade name HiTEC.RTM. 152 Performance Additive. The
amount of tackifier in a fully formulated penetrant and coating
formulation ranges from about 0.1 to about 1.0 percent by weight of
the total weight of the formulation.
[0052] The components used in formulating the compositions
described herein can be blended into the base oil individually or
in various sub-combinations. For example, all of the components may
be blended concurrently using a component concentrate (i.e.,
components plus a diluent, such as a hydrocarbon solvent). The use
of a component concentrate takes advantage of the mutual
compatibility afforded by the combination of ingredients when in
the form of a component concentrate. Also, the use of a concentrate
reduces blending time and lessens the possibility of blending
errors.
[0053] The formulations described herein were compared to
commercially available products to determine if the formulation met
or exceeded desirable properties for the formulation. Trade names
of the commercially available products compared with the
formulation of this disclosure include the following:
[0054] WD-40.RTM. from WD-40 Company of San Diego, Calif.;
[0055] PB BLASTER from Blaster Chemical Companies, Inc. of Valley
View, Ohio;
[0056] AEROKROIL from Kano Laboratories, Inc. of Nashville,
Tenn.;
[0057] JB-80 from Justice Brothers, Inc. of Duarte, Calif.;
[0058] MEGA POWER 120 from Mega Power, Inc. of Oldsmar, Fla.;
[0059] LIQUID WRENCH.RTM. from Radiator Specialty Company of
Charlotte, N.C.; and
[0060] CRC 3-36 from C.R.C. Chemicals U.S.A. of Warminster, Pa.
[0061] The following tests were conducted on the formulation
described herein and the commercially available products listed
above:
[0062] Demulsification according to ASTM D 1401;
[0063] Copper Corrosion according to ASTM D-130;
[0064] Rust test according to ASTM D 665B;
[0065] Four Ball Wear scar according to ASTM D 2266;
[0066] Falex Pin & Vee Block Wear according to ASTM D 2670;
[0067] Boundary Friction Coefficient at 40.degree. C. by high
frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) test;
[0068] Lubricity according to ASTM D 6079;
[0069] Falex Extreme Pressure according to ASTM D 3233 (Procedures
A and B); and
[0070] Dielectric Strength according to ASTM D 877.
[0071] Other tests were conducted for comparison purposes,
including a nut and bolt torque test, a steel wool corrosion test,
a standard thermogravimetric analysis, and a creep test.
[0072] The nut and bolt torque test was conducted by providing a
new tempered steel nut and bolt assembly for each fluid tested. The
nut was tightened onto the bolt to exactly 75 ft. lbs. torque. The
torque nut and bolt were then submerged in a solution containing a
synthetic sea water solution containing additional amounts of NaCl,
CaCl and MgCl for two months. Next, the torque nut and bolt were
exposed to the environment for two months. Each nut and bolt
assembly was then sprayed with a sample of each of the products
being tested and were allowed to soak for three minutes. The
minimum torque used to loosen the nuts was then determined for each
sample.
[0073] The steel wool test was conducted by soaking half of a steel
wool sample in each of the products for ten minutes then exposing
the steel wool samples to the environment for two weeks.
[0074] The creep test was conducted by soaking a portion of a metal
sample in each of the products for thirty minutes whereby the
product only covered a portion of each metal sample. After thirty
minutes, the samples were removed from the products and the
percentage increase in height of the product on the sample versus
the initial height of the product on the sample was observed and
recorded.
[0075] The standard thermogravimetric analysis was conducted at
210.degree. C. under a nitrogen atmosphere to determine the
volatile organic content (VOC) of each of the products.
[0076] A non-limiting example of a formulation suitable for use
according to the disclosure is set forth in the following table and
is referred to hereinafter as HiTEC.RTM. 503 Performance
Additive.
1 HiTEC .RTM. 503 Formulation Concentrate Fully Formulated
Component (wt. %) Product (wt. %) HiTEC .RTM. 515 (Lubricity/Cu
corr.) 35.84 5.00 HiTEC .RTM. 152 (Tackifier) -- 0.50 HiTEC .RTM.
614 (Ca Sulfonate Deterg.) 35.84 5.00 HiTEC .RTM. 536 (Ashless Rust
Inhib.) 3.58 0.50 150 Neutral base stock 24.74 23.45 Mineral
Spirits -- 65.55 Total 100.00 100.00
[0077] The foregoing concentrate formulation had the following
characteristics.
2 Appearance Clear Dark Amber Liquid Color, Neat 6.50 NTU, Neat
4.10 Nitrogen, wt. % 0.08 Phosphorus, wt. % 0.13 Sulfur, wt. % 0.90
Calcium, wt. % 0.93 Silicon, ppm 6.00 Zinc, ppm 6.00 TBN, mg
KOH/gram 12.00 Flash Point, .degree. C. 65 (minimum) Specific
Gravity @ 15.6/15.6.degree. C. 0.905 Viscosity @ 100.degree. C.,
(centistokes) 10-22
[0078] Results of the various tests conducted on the conventional
samples and HiTEC.RTM. 503 are contained in the following tables
and shown graphically in FIGS. 1-9. In the figures, the following
legend is used:
[0079] A--HiTEC.RTM. 503--formulation according to the
disclosure
[0080] B--WD-40.RTM.
[0081] C--PB BLASTER
[0082] D--AEROKROIL
[0083] E--JB-80
[0084] F--MEGA POWER 120
[0085] G--LIQUID WRENCH.RTM.
[0086] H--CRC 3-36
3 HiTEC .RTM. 503 Finished WD- PB- MEGA LIQUID Formulation 40 .RTM.
BLASTER AEROKROIL JB-80 POWER 120 WRENCH CRC 3-36 Viscosity @
40.degree. C. 2.58 2.18 1.66 2.11 No 1.89 1.63 3.01 reading
D-5950/D97, Pour Point >-60 -54 -60 -63 -27 -- -24 -53 D130,
Copper Corrosion (Modified) (3 hrs. @ 100.degree. F.) lb/lb lb/lb
lb/lb lb/lb lb/lb lb/lb lb/lb lb/lb D92, Flash Point, 64 64 82 64
78 79 82 90 (COC), .degree. C. D93 Flash Point, (P-M), 48 50 76 60
60 62 64 90 .degree. C. D4052, Specific Gravity 0.8195 0.8095
0.8924 0.8641 0.8604 0.9027 0.8068 0.8161 @ 15.6/15.6.degree. C.
D665 B Run 1 Pass Pass Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Run 2 Pass
Pass Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass D1401 @ 54.degree. C.
(oil/water/emulsion) Initial 0/0/80 0/0/80 0/5/75 0/30/50 30/27/23
20/27/23 0/0/80 0/0/80 After 24 hrs. 0/0/80 0/0/80 15/35/30 0/35/45
40/40/0 40/37/3 0/36/44 0/15/65 After 72 hrs. 1/0/79 1/0/79
17/38/25 5/30/45 40/40/0 40/37/3 2/36/42 2/20/58 STD. TGA under
N.sub.2 VOC % @ 210.degree. C. 67.8315 78.6774 94.6407 92.0908 No
No No No Sample Sample Sample Sample D1748 Rust Protection Test
(Run 1/Run 2) Temperature, .degree. C. 49/(49) 49/(49) 49 49 49 49
49 49 Duration, hours/ 100 hrs./ 100 hrs./ 50 50 50 50 50 50
(months) (3 mos.) (3 mos.) Number of panels used 2/(3) 2/(3) 2 2 2
2 2 2 Number of passing 2/(6) 2/(6) 2 2 2 2 2 2 panels Panel
preparation SB/SB SB/SB SB SB SB SB SB SB SB = Sandblasted Rating
Pass(Pass) Pass(Pass) Fail Fail Pass Fail Pass Pass BT-9 Humidity
Corrosion Test (100 hours) Pass Pass Fail (25 hrs.) Fail (25 hrs.)
Pass Fail (25 hrs.) Fail Pass Mil-L-21260/p4.6.4 Salt Water
Immersion Temperature during 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 immersion,
.degree. C. Duration of salt water 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
immersion, hours Panel preparation SB SB SB SB SB SB SB SB SB =
Sandblasted Number of panels 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Number of passing 3 3
0 0 3 3 3 3 panels Rating Pass Pass Fail Fail Pass Fail Pass Pass
FTM 4001.2M, Salt Spray Test, 24 Hours Rating, % (Panel 1/ 35/30/40
15/10/10 95/95/95 95/95/95 25/30/25 90/90/90 0/0/0 2/1/2001 Panel
2/Panel 3) D2266 4 Ball Wear - FIG. 1 (1200 rpm; 40 kg; 90.degree.
F.; 15 min.) Wear scar diameter, 0.402 0.642 0.560 0.846 0.502
0.483 0.586 0.475 mm Dana Wet Bronze Corrosion Test @ 190 Hours
Visual Rating of D D Not Run Not Run Not Run C B D Oxidation Tube
after 24- hr. Drain Metal Strips Weight 0.0014 0.1008 " " " 1.1664
0.3230 0.0473 Loss (Bronze), mg Metal Strips Weight 3.1009 0.3655 "
" " 0.0198 0.0002 2.9400 Loss (Iron), mg Metal Strip Residue 0.5021
0.0163 " " " 1.2476 0.0008 0.5087 Weight (Bronze), mg Metal Strip
Residue 0.0001 0.2335 " " " 0.0208 0.0002 0.0755 Weight (Iron), mg
D3233 Falex EP, Procedure A - FIG. 2 Actual Load, lbs. (2 1500 775
448 350 450 Fail @ Fail @ 450 run average) Break-in Break-in True
Load, lbs. (2 run 1213 558 299 234 300 300 average) D3233 Falex EP,
Procedure B - FIG. 3 Actual Load, lbs. (2 run 1275 690 450 450 450
Fail @ Fail @ 450 avg.) Break-in Break-in True Load, lbs. (2 run
1000 500 300 300 300 Fail @ Fail @ 300 avg.) Break-in Break-in
D2670 Falex Pin & Vee Block Wear - FIG. 4 Total Teeth Wear 36
41 40 350 350 60 20 50 D1331A Surface Tension Dynes/cm 23.0 24.9
27.8 27.3 27.7 17.4 -- 5.1 D1331B Interfacial Tension Dynes/cm 4.6
4.2 Undetectable 1.8 2.5 17.4 -- 3.6 tension D971 Interfacial
Tension of Oil Against Water by Ring Method Dynes/cm 26.1 24.5
Undetectable 1.1 4.4 18.8 2.4 0.7 tension Film Thickness @
30.degree. C. 17 14 18 12 24 24 6 22 and 1 m/s (nm) Boundary
Friction 0.082 0.129 0.151 0.162 0.135 0.124 0.111 0.109 Coeff. By
HFRR @ 40.degree. C. - FIG. 5 D6079 Lubricity by HFRR @ 60.degree.
C., 75 min. - FIG. 6 Wear scar diameter, 0.175 0.195 0.250 0.425
0.360 0.180 0.180 0.215 mm D877 Dielectric Strength - FIG. 7 Max.
Kv 40 32 53 17 No 14 40 26 reading Nut & Bolt Torque - FIG. 8
Initial Torque, ft-lbs 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 Final Torque, ft-lbs
75 80 80 75 120 80 75 90
[0087] As shown by the foregoing table and attached figures, the
formulation according to the disclosure has physical properties
comparable to commercially available products. For example, the
rust protection test (D 1748) and the salt water immersion test
provided passing results for the formulation according to the
disclosure, as well as the WD-40.RTM. lubricant, the JB-80 product,
the LIQUID WRENCH.RTM. product and the CRC 3-36 product. The other
products tested failed the test.
[0088] The D 1748 Rust Protection Test is normally run for 50
hours. As shown in the foregoing table, the formulation according
to the disclosure is comparable to WD-40.RTM. lubricant and
superior to all the other products tested with respect to this
test. The formulation according to the disclosure and WD-40.RTM.
lubricant gave passing results after being tested for 3 months. The
other products that passed this test only lasted for the standard
50 hours. The remaining fluids failed the test at 50 hours.
[0089] The D 1401 oil/water/emulsion test was used to show the
emulsibility characteristics for each fluid. The formulation
according to this disclosure provided a total emulsion that lasted
over time which helped to keep water from shedding onto metal parts
and causing rust. The WD-40.RTM. lubricant was the only other
product that was able to achieve this result. All the other
products separated immediately into oil, water, and/or emulsion
fractions.
[0090] In the humidity corrosion test (BT-9), the formulation
according to the disclosure passed along with the WD-40.RTM.
lubricant, the JB-80 product, and the CRC 3-36 product.
[0091] The lubricity properties of a formulation according to the
disclosure are superior to many of the other available products as
shown in the table and in FIGS. 1-6. In FIG. 1, the formulation (A)
according to the disclosure had the lowest wear scar diameter of
the products tested determined by a four ball wear test. In FIGS. 2
and 3, the formulation (A) according to the disclosure had the
highest loads according to the Falex extreme pressure tests
(procedures A and B). The formulation (A) according to the
disclosure had one of the lowest total wear according to the Falex
pin and vee block wear test of the products testes (FIG. 4). The
formulation (A) according to the disclosure had the lowest wear
scar diameter of the products tested by a HFRR (FIG. 5) and one of
the lowest wear scar diameters by method D 6079 (FIG. 6). The nut
and bolt torque test indicated that the formulation (A) according
to the disclosure had comparable, if not superior ability to loosen
a rusted nut and bolt (FIG. 8). The creep test (FIG. 8) illustrated
that the formulation (A) according to the disclosure had superior
ability to penetrate and coat a metal surface.
[0092] At numerous places throughout this specification, reference
has been made to a number of U.S. Patents. All such cited documents
are expressly incorporated in full into this disclosure as if fully
set forth herein.
[0093] The foregoing embodiments are susceptible to considerable
variation in its practice. Accordingly, the embodiments are not
intended to be limited to the specific exemplifications set forth
hereinabove. Rather, the foregoing embodiments are within the
spirit and scope of the appended claims, including the equivalents
thereof available as a matter of law.
[0094] The patentees do not intend to dedicate any disclosed
embodiments to the public, and to the extent any disclosed
modifications or alterations may not literally fall within the
scope of the claims, they are considered to be part hereof under
the doctrine of equivalents.
* * * * *