U.S. patent application number 10/206693 was filed with the patent office on 2005-11-24 for rna interference mediated inhibition of nogo and nogo receptor gene expression using short interfering rna.
Invention is credited to McSwiggen, James A..
Application Number | 20050261212 10/206693 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40293860 |
Filed Date | 2005-11-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050261212 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
McSwiggen, James A. |
November 24, 2005 |
RNA interference mediated inhibition of NOGO and NOGO receptor gene
expression using short interfering RNA
Abstract
The present invention concerns methods and reagents useful in
modulating gene expression in a variety of applications, including
use in therapeutic, diagnostic, target validation, and genomic
discovery applications associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Specifically, the invention relates to small interfering RNA
(siRNA) molecules capable of mediating RNA interference (RNAi)
against NOGO and NOGO receptor (NOGOr) polypeptide and
polynucleotide targets.
Inventors: |
McSwiggen, James A.;
(Boulder, CO) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MCDONNELL BOEHNEN HULBERT & BERGHOFF LLP
300 S. WACKER DRIVE
32ND FLOOR
CHICAGO
IL
60606
US
|
Family ID: |
40293860 |
Appl. No.: |
10/206693 |
Filed: |
July 26, 2002 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10206693 |
Jul 26, 2002 |
|
|
|
PCT/US02/10512 |
Apr 3, 2002 |
|
|
|
PCT/US02/10512 |
Apr 3, 2002 |
|
|
|
09827395 |
Apr 5, 2001 |
|
|
|
09827395 |
Apr 5, 2001 |
|
|
|
09780533 |
Feb 9, 2001 |
|
|
|
60181797 |
Feb 11, 2000 |
|
|
|
60358580 |
Feb 20, 2002 |
|
|
|
60363124 |
Mar 11, 2002 |
|
|
|
60386782 |
Jun 6, 2002 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
514/44A ;
435/375 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12N 2310/321 20130101;
C12N 2310/12 20130101; A61K 38/00 20130101; C12N 15/113 20130101;
C12N 2310/121 20130101; C12N 15/1137 20130101; C12N 15/1138
20130101; C12N 2310/14 20130101; C12N 2310/317 20130101; C12N
2310/321 20130101; C12N 2310/346 20130101; C12N 2310/332 20130101;
C12N 2310/18 20130101; C12N 2310/3521 20130101; C12N 2310/13
20130101; C12N 2310/315 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/044 ;
435/375 |
International
Class: |
A61K 048/00; C12N
005/00 |
Claims
1-36. (canceled)
37. A chemically modified double stranded short interfering nucleic
acid (siNA) molecule that directs cleavage of a NOGO receptor
(NOGOr) RNA via RNA interference (RNAi), wherein: a. each strand of
said siNA molecule is 18 to 27 nucleotides in length; b. the
antisense strand of said siNA molecule comprises a nucleotide
sequence that is complementary to a nucleotide sequence of said
NOGOr RNA; and the sense strand is complementary to the antisense
strand; and c. said siNA molecule comprises at least one chemically
modified nucleotide or non-nucleotide at the 5' end and/or 3' end
of the sense strand and the 3' end of the antisense strand.
38. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein said siNA molecule
comprises no ribonucleotides.
39. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein said siNA molecule
comprises one or more ribonucleotides.
40. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein said chemically modified
nucleotide comprises a 2'-deoxy nucleotide.
41. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein said chemically modified
nucleotide comprises a 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro nucleotide.
42. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein said chemically modified
nucleotide comprises a 2'-O-methyl nucleotide.
43. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein said chemically modified
nucleotide comprises a phosphorothioate internucleotide
linkage.
44. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein said non-nucleotide
comprises an abasic moiety.
45. The siNA molecule of claim 44, wherein said abasic moiety
comprises an inverted deoxyabasic moiety.
46. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein each strand of the siNA
molecule comprises 19 to 23 nucleotides, and wherein each strand
comprises at least 19 nucleotides that are complementary to the
nucleotides of the other strand.
47. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein said siNA molecule is
assembled from two separate oligonucleotide fragments wherein one
fragment comprises the sense region and a second fragment comprises
the antisense region of said siNA molecule.
48. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein said sense region is
connected to the antisense region via a linker molecule.
49. The siNA molecule of claim 48, wherein said linker molecule is
a polynucleotide linker.
50. The siNA molecule of claim 48, wherein said linker molecule is
a non-nucleotide linker.
51. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein pyrimidine nucleotides
in the sense region are 2'-O-methyl pyrimidine nucleotides.
52. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein purine nucleotides in
the sense region are 2'-deoxy purine nucleotides.
53. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein pyrimidine nucleotides
present in the sense region are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro pyrimidine
nucleotides.
54. The siNA molecule of claim 47, wherein the fragment comprising
said sense region includes a terminal cap moiety at the 5'-end, the
3'-end, or both of the 5' and 3' ends of the fragment comprising
said sense region.
55. The siNA molecule of claim 54, wherein said terminal cap moiety
is an inverted deoxy abasic moiety.
56. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein pyrimidine nucleotides
of said antisense region are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro pyrimidine
nucleotides
57. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein purine nucleotides of
said antisense region are 2'-O-methyl purine nucleotides.
58. The siNA molecule of claim 37, wherein purine nucleotides
present in said antisense region comprise 2'-deoxy-purine
nucleotides.
59. The siNA molecule of claim 56, wherein said antisense region
comprises a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage at the 3' end
of said antisense region.
60. The siNA molecule of claim 47, wherein each of the two
fragments of said siNA molecule comprise 21 nucleotides.
61. The siNA molecule of claim 60, wherein about 19 nucleotides of
each fragment of the siNA molecule are base-paired to the
complementary nucleotides of the other fragment of the siNA
molecule and wherein at least two 3' terminal nucleotides of each
fragment of the siNA molecule are not base-paired to the
nucleotides of the other fragment of the siNA molecule.
62. The siNA molecule of claim 61, wherein each of the two 3'
terminal nucleotides of each fragment of the siNA molecule are
2'-deoxy-pyrimidines.
63. The siNA molecule of claim 62, wherein said 2'-deoxy-pyrimidine
is 2'-deoxy-thymidine.
64. The siNA molecule of claim 60, wherein all 21 nucleotides of
each fragment of the siNA molecule are base-paired to the
complementary nucleotides of the other fragment of the siNA
molecule.
65. The siNA molecule of claim 60, wherein 19 nucleotides of the
antisense region are base-paired to the nucleotide sequence of the
RNA encoded by a NOGOr gene or a portion thereof.
66. The siNA molecule of claim 60, wherein 21 nucleotides of the
antisense region are base-paired to the nucleotide sequence of the
RNA encoded by a NOGOr gene or a portion thereof.
67. The siNA molecule of claim 47, wherein the 5'-end of the
fragment comprising said antisense region optionally includes a
phosphate group.
68. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the siNA molecule of
claim 37 in an acceptable carrier or diluent.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention concerns methods and reagents useful
in modulating NOGO and NOGO receptor gene expression in a variety
of applications, including use in therapeutic, diagnostic, target
validation, and genomic discovery applications. Specifically, the
invention relates to short interfering nucleic acid molecules
capable of mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against beta-secretase
NOGO and/or NOGO receptor (NOGOr) expression.
[0002] The following is a discussion of relevant art pertaining to
RNAi. The discussion is provided only for understanding of the
invention that follows. The summary is not an admission that any of
the work described below is prior art to the claimed invention.
[0003] RNA interference refers to the process of sequence-specific
post transcriptional gene silencing in animals mediated by short
interfering RNAs (siRNA) (Fire et al, 1998, Nature, 391, 806). The
corresponding process in plants is commonly referred to as post
transcriptional gene silencing or RNA silencing and is also
referred to as quelling in fungi. The process of post
transcriptional gene silencing is thought to be an evolutionarily
conserved cellular defense mechanism used to prevent the expression
of foreign genes which is commonly shared by diverse flora and
phyla (Fire et al., 1999, Trends Genet., 15, 358). Such protection
from foreign gene expression may have evolved in response to the
production of double stranded RNAs (dsRNA) derived from viral
infection or the random integration of transposon elements into a
host genome via a cellular response that specifically destroys
homologous single stranded RNA or viral genomic RNA. The presence
of dsRNA in cells triggers the RNAi response though a mechanism
that has yet to be fully characterized. This mechanism appears to
be different from the interferon response that results from dsRNA
mediated activation of protein kinase PKR and 2',5'-oligoadenylate
synthetase resulting in non-specific cleavage of mRNA by
ribonuclease L.
[0004] The presence of long dsRNAs in cells stimulates the activity
of a ribonuclease III enzyme referred to as dicer. Dicer is
involved in the processing of the dsRNA into short pieces of dsRNA
known as short interfering RNAs (siRNA) (Berstein et al., 2001,
Nature, 409, 363). Short interfering RNAs derived from dicer
activity are typically about 21-23 nucleotides in length and
comprise about 19 base pair duplexes. Dicer has also been
implicated in the excision of 21 and 22 nucleotide small temporal
RNAs (stRNA) from precursor RNA of conserved structure that are
implicated in translational control (Hutvagner et al., 2001,
Science, 293, 834). The RNAi response also features an endonuclease
complex containing a siRNA, commonly referred to as an RNA-induced
silencing complex (RISC), which mediates cleavage of single
stranded RNA having sequence complementary to the antisense strand
of the siRNA duplex. Cleavage of the target RNA takes place in the
middle of the region complementary to the antisense strand of the
siRNA duplex (Elbashir et al., 2001, Genes Dev., 15, 188).
[0005] Short interfering RNA mediated RNAi has been studied in a
variety of systems. Fire et al., 1998, Nature, 391, 806, were the
first to observe RNAi in C. Elegans. Wianny and Goetz, 1999, Nature
Cell Biol., 2, 70, describe RNAi mediated by dsRNA in mouse
embryos. Hammond et al., 2000, Nature, 404, 293, describe RNAi in
Drosophila cells transfected with dsRNA. Elbashir et al., 2001,
Nature, 411, 494, describe RNAi induced by introduction of duplexes
of synthetic 21-nucleotide RNAs in cultured mammalian cells
including human embryonic kidney and HeLa cells. Recent work in
Drosophila embryonic lysates (Elbashir et al., 2001, EMBO J., 20,
6877) has revealed certain requirements for siRNA length,
structure, chemical composition, and sequence that are essential to
mediate efficient RNAi activity. These studies have shown that 21
nucleotide siRNA duplexes are most active when containing two
nucleotide 3'-overhangs. Furthermore, complete substitution of one
or both siRNA strands with 2'-deoxy (2'-H) or 2'-O-methyl
nucleotides abolishes RNAi activity, whereas substitution of the
3'-terminal siRNA overhang nucleotides with deoxy nucleotides
(2'-H) was shown to be tolerated. Single mismatch sequences in the
center of the siRNA duplex were also shown to abolish RNAi
activity. In addition, these studies also indicate that the
position of the cleavage site in the target RNA is defined by the
5'-end of the siRNA guide sequence rather than the 3'-end (Elbashir
et al., 2001, EMBO J., 20, 6877). Other studies have indicated that
a 5'-phosphate on the target-complementary strand of a siRNA duplex
is required for siRNA activity and that ATP is utilized to maintain
the 5'-phosphate moiety on the siRNA (Nykanen et al., 2001, Cell,
107, 309).
[0006] Studies have shown that replacing the 3'-overhanging
segments of a 21-mer siRNA duplex having 2 nucleotide 3' overhangs
with deoxyribonucleotides does not have an adverse effect on RNAi
activity. Replacing up to 4 nucleotides on each end of the siRNA
with deoxyribonucleotides has been reported to be well tolerated
whereas complete substitution with deoxyribonucleotides results in
no RNAi activity (Elbashir et al., 2001, EMBO J., 20, 6877). In
addition, Elbashir et al., supra, also report that substitution of
siRNA with 2'-O-methyl nucleotides completely abolishes RNAi
activity. Li et al., International PCT Publication No. WO 00/44914,
and Beach et al., International PCT Publication No. WO 01/68836
both suggest that siRNA "may include modifications to either the
phosphate-sugar back bone or the nucleoside to include at least one
of a nitrogen or sulfur heteroatom", however neither application
teaches to what extent these modifications are tolerated in siRNA
molecules nor provide any examples of such modified siRNA. Kreutzer
and Limmer, Canadian Patent Application No. 2,359,180, also
describe certain chemical modifications for use in dsRNA constructs
in order to counteract activation of double stranded-RNA-dependent
protein kinase PKR, specifically 2'-amino or 2'-O-methyl
nucleotides, and nucleotides containing a 2'-O or 4'-C methylene
bridge. However, Kreutzer and Limmer similarly fail to show to what
extent these modifications are tolerated in siRNA molecules nor do
they provide any examples of such modified siRNA.
[0007] Parrish et al., 2000, Molecular Cell, 6, 1977-1087, tested
certain chemical modifications targeting the unc-22 gene in C.
elegans using long (>25 nt) siRNA transcripts. The authors
describe the introduction of thiophosphate residues into these
siRNA transcripts by incorporating thiophosphate nucleotide analogs
with T7 and T3 RNA polymerase and observed that "RNAs with two
[phosphorothioate] modified bases also had substantial decreases in
effectiveness as RNAi triggers (data not shown); [phosphorothioate]
modification of more than two residues greatly destabilized the
RNAs in vitro and we were not able to assay interference
activities." Id. at 1081. The authors also tested certain
modifications at the 2'-position of the nucleotide sugar in the
long siRNA transcripts and observed that substituting
deoxynucleotides for ribonucleotides "produced a substantial
decrease in interference activity", especially in the case of
Uridine to Thymidine and/or Cytidine to deoxy-Cytidine
substitutions. Id. In addition, the authors tested certain base
modifications, including substituting 4-thiouracil, 5-bromouracil,
5-iodouracil, 3-(aminoallyl)uracil for uracil, and inosine for
guanosine in sense and antisense strands of the siRNA, and found
that whereas 4-thiouracil and 5-bromouracil were all well
tolerated, inosine "produced a substantial decrease in interference
activity" when incorporated in either strand. Incorporation of
5-iodouracil and 3-(aminoallyl)uracil in the antisense strand
resulted in substantial decrease in RNAi activity as well.
[0008] Beach et al., International PCT Publication No. WO 01/68836,
describes specific methods for attenuating gene expression using
endogenously derived dsRNA. Tuschl et al., International PCT
Publication No. WO 01/75164, describes a Drosophila in vitro RNAi
system and the use of specific siRNA molecules for certain
functional genomic and certain therapeutic applications; although
Tuschl, 2001, Chem. Biochem., 2, 239-245, doubts that RNAi can be
used to cure genetic diseases or viral infection due "to the danger
of activating interferon response". Li et al., International PCT
Publication No. WO 00/44914, describes the use of specific dsRNAs
for use in attenuating the expression of certain target genes.
Zernicka-Goetz et al., International PCT Publication No. WO
01/36646, describes certain methods for inhibiting the expression
of particular genes in mammalian cells using certain dsRNA
molecules. Fire et al., International PCT Publication No. WO
99/32619, describes particular methods for introducing certain
dsRNA molecules into cells for use in inhibiting gene expression.
Plaetinck et al., International PCT Publication No. WO 00/01846,
describes certain methods for identifying specific genes
responsible for conferring a particular phenotype in a cell using
specific dsRNA molecules. Mello et al., International PCT
Publication No. WO 01/29058, describes the identification of
specific genes involved in dsRNA mediated RNAi. Deschamps
Depaillette et al., International PCT Publication No. WO 99/07409,
describes specific compositions consisting of particular dsRNA
molecules combined with certain anti-viral agents. Driscoll et al.,
International PCT Publication No. WO 01/49844, describes specific
DNA constructs for use in facilitating gene silencing in targeted
organisms. Parrish et al., 2000, Molecular Cell, 6, 1977-1087,
describes specific chemically modified siRNA constructs targeting
the unc-22 gene of C. elegans. Tuschl et al., International PCT
Publication No. WO 02/44321, describe certain synthetic siRNA
constructs.
[0009] The ceased growth of neurons following development has
severe implications for lesions of the central nervous system (CNS)
caused by neurodegenerative disorders and traumatic accidents.
Although CNS neurons have the capacity to rearrange their axonal
and dendritic foci in the developed brain, the regeneration of
severed CNS axons spanning distance does not exist. Axonal growth
following CNS injury is limited by the local tissue environment
rather than intrinsic factors, as indicated by transplantation
experiments (Richardson et al., 1980, Nature, 284, 264-265).
Non-neuronal glial cells of the CNS, including oligodendrocytes and
astrocytes, have been shown to inhibit the axonal growth of dorsal
root ganglion neurons in culture (Schwab and Thoenen,1985, J.
Neurosci., 5, 2415-2423). Cultured dorsal root ganglion cells can
extend their axons across glial cells from the peripheral nervous
system, (ie; Schwann cells), but are inhibited by oligodendrocytes
and myelin of the CNS (Schwab and Caroni, 1988, J. Neurosci., 8,
2381-2393).
[0010] The non-conducive properties of CNS tissue in adult
vertebrates is thought to result from the existence of inhibitory
factors rather than the lack of growth factors. The identification
of proteins with neurite outgrowth inhibitory or repulsive
properties include NI-35, NI-250 (Caroni and Schwab, 1988, Neuron,
1, 85-96), myelin-associated glycoprotein (Genbank Accession No
M29273), tenascin-R (Genbank Accession No X98085), and NG-2
(Genbank Accession No X61945). Monoclonal antibodies (mAb IN-1)
raised against NI-35/250 have been shown to partially neutralize
the growth inhibitory effect of CNS myelin and oligodendrocytes.
IN-1 treatment in vivo has resulted in long distance fiber
regeneration in lesioned adult mammalian CNS tissue (Weibel et al.,
1994, Brain Res., 642, 259-266). Additionally, IN-1 treatment in
vivo has resulted in the recovery of specific reflex and locomotor
functions after spinal cord injury in adult rats (Bregmanwet al.,
1995, Nature, 378, 498-501).
[0011] Recently, the cloning of NOGO-A (Genbank Accession No
AJ242961), the rat complementary DNA encoding NI-220/250 has been
reported (Chen et al., 2000, Nature, 403, 434-439). The NOGO gene
encodes at least three major protein products (NOGO-A, NOGO-B, and
NOGO-C) resulting from both alternative promoter usage and
alternative splicing. Recombinant NOGO-A inhibits neurite outgrowth
from dorsal root ganglia and the spreading of 3T3 firboblasts.
Monoclonal antibody IN-1 recognizes NOGO-A and neutralizes NOGO-A
inhibition of neuronal growth in vitro. Evidence supports the
proposal that NOGO-A is the previously described rat NI-250 since
NOGO-A contains all six peptide sequences obtained from purified
bNI-220, the bovine equivalent of rat NI-250 (Chen et al
supra).
[0012] Prinjha et al., 2000, Nature, 403, 383-384, report the
cloning of the human NOGO gene which encodes three different NOGO
isoforms that are potent inhibitors of neurite outgrowth. Using
oligonucleotide primers to amplify and clone overlapping regions of
the open reading frame of NOGO cDNA, Phrinjha et al., supra
identified three forms of cDNA clone corresponding to the three
protein isoforms. The longest ORF of 1,192 amino acids corresponds
to NOGO-A (Accession No. AJ251383). An intermediate-length splice
variant that lacks residues 186-1,004 corresponds to NOGO-B
(Accession No. AJ251384). The shortest splice variant, NOGO-C
(Accession No. AJ251385), appears to be the previously described
rat vp20 (Accession No. AF051335) and foocen-s (Accession No.
AF132048), and also lacks residues 186-1,004. According to Prinjha
et al., supra, the NOGO amino-terminal region shows no significant
homology to any known protein, while the carboxy-terminal tail
shares homology with neuroendocrine-specific proteins and other
members of the reticulon gene family. In addition, the
carboxy-terminal tail contains a consensus sequence that may serve
as an endoplasmic-reticulum retention region. Based on the NOGO
protein sequence, Prinjha et al., supra, postulate NOGO to be a
membrane associated protein comprising a putative large
extracellular domain of 1,024 residues with seven predicted
N-linked glycosylation sites, two or three transmembrane domains,
and a short carboxy-terminal region of 43 residues.
[0013] Grandpre et al., 2000, Nature, also report the
identification of NOGO as a potent inhibitor of axon regeneration.
The 4.1 kilobase NOGO human cDNA clone identified by Grandpre et
al., supra, KIAA0886, is homologous to a cDNA derived from a
previous effort to sequence random high molecular-weight brain
derived cDNAs (Nagase et al., 1998, DNA Res., 31, 355-364). This
cDNA clone encodes a protein that matches all six of the peptide
sequences derived from bovine NOGO. Grandpre et al., supra
demonstrate that NOGO expression is predominantly associated with
the CNS and not the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Cellular
localization of NOGO protein appears to be predominantly reticluar
in origin, however, NOGO is found on the surface of some
oligodentrocytes. An active domain of NOGO has been identified,
defined as residues 31-55 of a hydrophilic 66-residue
lumenal/extracellular domain. A synthetic fragment corresponding to
this sequence exhibits growth-cone collapsing and outgrowth
inhibiting activities (Grandpre et al., supra).
[0014] A receptor for the NOGO-A extracellular domain (NOGO-66) is
described in Fournier et al., 2001, Nature, 409, 341-346. Fournier
et al., have shown that isolated NOGO-66 inhibits axonal extension
but does not alter non-neuronal cell morphology. The receptor
identified has a high affinity for soluble NOGO-66, and is
expressed as a glycophosphatidylinostitol-linked protein on the
surface of CNS neurons. Furthermore, the expression of the NOGO-66
receptor in neurons that are NOGO insensitive results in NOGO
dependent inhibition of axonal growth in these cells. Cleavage of
the NOGO-66 receptor and other glycophosphatidylinostitol-linked
proteins from axonal surfaces renders neurons insensitive to
NOGO-66 inhibition. As such, disruption of the interaction between
NOGO-66 and the NOGO-66 receptor provides the possibility of
treating a wide variety of neurological diseases, injuries, and
conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0015] One embodiment of the invention provides a short interfering
RNA (siRNA) molecule that down regulates expression of a NOGOr gene
by RNA interference. An siRNA molecule can be adapted for use to
treat Alzheimer's disease. An siRNA molecule can comprise a sense
region and an antisense region and wherein said antisense region
can comprise sequence complementary to an RNA sequence encoding
NOGOr and the sense region can comprise sequence complementary to
the antisense region. An siRNA molecule can be assembled from two
fragments wherein one fragment can comprise the sense region and
the second fragment can comprise the antisense region of said siRNA
molecule. The sense region and antisense region can be covalently
connected via a linker molecule. The linker molecule can be a
polynucleotide linker or a non-nucleotide linker.
[0016] The antisense region of an siRNA molecule can comprise
sequence complementary to sequence having any of SEQ ID NOs. 1-325.
An antisense region can comprise sequence having any of SEQ ID NOs.
326-650, 664, 666, 668, 670, 672, or 674. A sense region can
comprise sequence having any of SEQ ID NOs. 1-325, 663, 665, 667,
669, 671, or 673. A sense region can comprise a sequence of SEQ ID
NO. 651 and an antisense region can comprise a sequence of SEQ ID
NO. 652. A sense region can comprise a sequence of SEQ ID NO. 653
and an antisense region can comprise a sequence of SEQ ID NO. 654.
A sense region can comprise a sequence of SEQ ID NO. 655 and an
antisense region can comprise a sequence of SEQ ID NO. 656. A sense
region can comprise a sequence of SEQ ID NO. 657 and an antisense
region can comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO. 658. A sense region
can comprise a sequence of SEQ ID NO. 659 and an antisense region
can comprise a sequence of SEQ ID NO. 660. A sense region can
comprise a sequence of SEQ ID NO. 661 and an antisense region can
comprise a sequence of SEQ ID NO. 662. A sense region comprises a
3'-terminal overhang and said antisense region comprises a
3'-terminal overhang. The 3'-terminal overhangs can each comprise
about 2 nucleotides. The antisense region 3'-terminal nucleotide
overhang can be complementary to RNA encoding NOGOr. The sense
region can comprise one or more 2'-O-methyl modified pyrimidine
nucleotides. The sense region can comprise a terminal cap moiety at
the 5'-end, 3'-end, or both 5' and 3' ends of said sense region.
The antisense region can comprise one or more 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro
modified pyrimidine nucleotides. The antisense region can comprise
a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of said
antisense region. The antisense region can comprises between about
one and about five phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages at the
5' end of the antisense region. The 3'-terminal nucleotide
overhangs can comprise ribonucleotides that are chemically modified
at a nucleic acid sugar, base, or backbone. The 3'-terminal
nucleotide overhangs can comprise deoxyribonucleotides that are
chemically modified at a nucleic acid sugar, base, or backbone. The
3'-terminal nucleotide overhangs can comprise one or more universal
base ribonucleotides. The 3'-terminal nucleotide overhangs can
comprise one or more acyclic nucleotides.
[0017] 3'-terminal nucleotide overhangs of a siRNA molecule of the
invention can comprise nucleotides comprising internucleotide
linkages having Formula I: 1
[0018] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently any nucleotide,
non-nucleotide, or polynucleotide which can be naturally occurring
or chemically modified, each X and Y is independently O, S, N,
alkyl, or substituted alkyl, each Z and W is independently O, S, N,
alkyl, substituted alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, alkaryl, or aralkyl,
and wherein W, X, Y and Z are not all O.
[0019] 3'-terminal nucleotide overhangs of a siRNA molecule of the
invention can comprise nucleotides or non-nucleotides having
Formula II: 2
[0020] wherein each R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R10, R11 and R12 is
independently H, OH, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkaryl or aralkyl,
F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OCN, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, N-alkyl,
O-alkenyl, S-alkenyl, N-alkenyl, SO-alkyl, alkyl-OSH, alkyl-OH,
O-alkyl-OH, O-alkyl-SH, S-alkyl-OH, S-alkyl-SH, alkyl-S-alkyl,
alkyl-O-alkyl, ONO2, NO2, N3, NH2, aminoalkyl, aminoacid,
aminoacyl, ONH2, O-aminoalkyl, O-aminoacid, O-aminoacyl,
heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkaryl, aminoalkylamino,
polyalklylamino, substituted silyl, or group having Formula I; R9
is 0, S, CH2, S.dbd.O, CHF, or CF2, and B is a nucleosidic base or
any other non-naturally occurring base that can be complementary or
non-complementary to NOGOr RNA or a non-nucleosidic base or any
other non-naturally occurring universal base that can be
complementary or non-complementary to NOGOr RNA.
[0021] Another embodiment of the invention provides an expression
vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one
siRNA molecule of the invention in a manner that allows expression
of the nucleic acid molecule. A mammalian cell, such as a human
cell can comprising such an expression vector. The siRNA molecule
can comprise a sense region and an antisense region. The antisense
region can comprise sequence complementary to an RNA sequence
encoding NOGOr and the sense region can comprise sequence
complementary to the antisense region. The siRNA molecule can
comprise two distinct strands having complementarity sense and
antisense regions. The siRNA molecule can also comprise a single
strand having complementary sense and antisense regions.
[0022] Therefore, this invention relates to compounds,
compositions, and methods useful for modulating gene expression,
for example, genes encoding certain myelin proteins that inhibit or
are involved in the inhibition of neurite growth, including axonal
regeneration in the CNS function and/or gene expression in a cell,
by RNA interference (RNAi) using short interfering RNA (siRNA). In
particular, the instant invention features siRNA molecules and
methods to modulate the expression of NOGO-A, NOGO-B, NOGO-C,
NI-35, NI-220, NI-250, myelin-associated glycoprotein, tenascin-R,
NG-2 and/or their corresponding receptors. The siRNA of the
invention can be unmodified or chemically modified. The siRNA of
the instant invention can be chemically synthesized, expressed from
a vector or enzymatically synthesized. The instant invention also
features various chemically modified synthetic short interfering
RNA (siRNA) molecules capable of modulating NOGO-A, NOGO-B, NOGO-C,
NI-35, NI-220, NI-250, myelin-associated glycoprotein, tenascin-R,
NG-2 and/or corresponding receptor (eg. NOGOr) gene
expression/activity in cells by RNA inference (RNAi). The use of
chemically modified siRNA is expected to improve various properties
of native siRNA molecules through increased resistance to nuclease
degradation in vivo and/or improved cellular uptake. The siRNA
molecules of the instant invention provide useful reagents and
methods for a variety of therapeutic, diagnostic, agricultural,
target validation, genomic discovery, genetic engineering and
pharmacogenomic applications.
[0023] In one embodiment, the invention features one or more siRNA
molecules and methods that independently or in combination modulate
the expression of gene(s) encoding proteins associated with CNS
injurty and other neurodegenerative disorders or conditions such as
Alheimer's disease, dementia, and/or stroke/cardiovascular accident
(CVA). Specifically, the present invention features siRNA molecules
that modulate the expression of proteins associated with prevention
of neurite outgrowth and related pathologies, for example NOGO-A
(Accession No. AJ251383), NOGO-B (Accession No. AJ251384), and/or
NOGO-C (Accession No. AJ251385), NOGO-66 receptor (Accession No
AF283463, Fournier et al., 2001, Nature, 409, 341-346), NI-35,
NI-220, and/or NI-250, myelin-associated glycoprotein (Genbank
Accession No M29273), tenascin-R (Genbank Accession No X98085), and
NG-2 (Genbank Accession No X61945).
[0024] The description below of the various aspects and embodiments
is provided with reference to the exemplary NOGO-A, NOGO-B, NOGO-C
(collectively hereinafter NOGO) and NOGO receptor (NOGOr) proteins,
including components or subunits thereof. However, the various
aspects and embodiments are also directed to other genes which
express other NOGO related proteins or other proteins associated
with neurite outgrowth inhibition, such as myelin-associated
glycoprotein, tenascin-R, and NG-2. Those additional genes can be
analyzed for target sites using the methods described for NOGO
and/or NOGOr herein. Thus, the inhibition and the effects of such
inhibition of the other genes can be performed as described
herein.
[0025] In one embodiment, the invention features a siRNA molecule
that down regulates expression of a NOGO gene, for example, wherein
the NOGO gene comprises NOGO encoding sequence.
[0026] In another embodiment, the invention features a siRNA
molecule which down regulates expression of a NOGOr gene, for
example, wherein the NOGOr gene comprises NOGOr encoding
sequence.
[0027] In one embodiment, the invention features a siRNA molecule
having RNAi activity against NOGO-A RNA, wherein the siRNA molecule
comprises a sequence complementary to any RNA having NOGO-A
encoding sequence, for example Genbank Accession No. AJ251383. In
another embodiment, the invention features a siRNA molecule having
RNAi activity against NOGO-B RNA, wherein the siRNA molecule
comprises a sequence complementary to any RNA having NOGO-B
encoding sequence, for example Genbank Accession No. AJ251384. In
another embodiment, the invention features a siRNA molecule having
RNAi activity against NOGO-C RNA, wherein the siRNA molecule
comprises a sequence complementary to any RNA having NOGO-C
encoding sequence, for example Genbank Accession No. AJ251385. In
another embodiment, the invention features a siRNA molecule having
RNAi activity against NOGOr RNA, wherein the siRNA molecule
comprises a sequence complementary to any RNA having NOGOr encoding
sequence, for example Genbank Accession No. AF283463. In another
embodiment, the invention features a siRNA molecule having RNAi
activity against myelin associated glycoprotein RNA, wherein the
siRNA molecule comprises a sequence complementary to any RNA having
myelin associated glycoprotein encoding sequence, for example
Genbank Accession No. M29273. In another embodiment, the invention
features a siRNA molecule having RNAi activity against tenascin-R
RNA, wherein the siRNA molecule comprises a sequence complementary
to any RNA having tenascin-R encoding sequence, for example Genbank
Accession No. X98085. In another embodiment, the invention features
a siRNA molecule having RNAi activity against NG-2 RNA, wherein the
siRNA molecule comprises a sequence complementary to any RNA having
NG-2 encoding sequence, for example Genbank Accession No.
X61945.
[0028] In another embodiment, the invention features a siRNA
molecule comprising sequences selected from the group consisting of
SEQ ID NOs: 1-650. In yet another embodiment, the invention
features a siRNA molecule comprising a sequence, for example the
antisense sequence of the siRNA construct, complementary to a
sequence or portion of sequence comprising Genbank Accession Nos.
AJ251383 (NOGO-A), AJ251384 (NOGO-B), AJ251385 (NOGO-C), AF283463
(NOGOr), M29273 (myelin associated glycoprotein), X98085
(tenascin-R) and/or X61945 (NG-2).
[0029] In one embodiment, a siRNA molecule of the invention has
RNAi activity that modulates expression of RNA encoded by a NOGO-A,
NOGO-B, NOGO-C, NOGOr, myelin associated glycoprotein, tenascin-R,
and/or NG-2 gene(s).
[0030] In one embodiment, nucleic acid molecules of the invention
that act as mediators of the RNA interference gene silencing
response are double stranded RNA molecules. In another embodiment,
the siRNA molecules of the invention consist of duplexes containing
about 19 base pairs between oligonucleotides comprising about 19 to
about 25 nucleotides (e.g., about 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25).
In yet another embodiment, siRNA molecules of the invention
comprise duplexes with overhanging ends of 1-3 (e.g., 1, 2, or 3)
nucleotides, for example 21 nucleotide duplexes with 19 base pairs
and 2 nucleotide 3'-overhangs. These nucleotide overhangs in the
antisense strand are optionally complementary to the target
sequence.
[0031] In one embodiment, the invention features chemically
modified siRNA constructs having specificity for NOGO and/or NOGOr
expressing nucleic acid molecules. Non-limiting examples of such
chemical modifications include without limitation phosphorothioate
internucleotide linkages, 2'-O-methyl ribonucleotides,
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro ribonucleotides, "universal base" nucleotides,
5-C-methyl nucleotides, and inverted deoxyabasic residue
incorporation. These chemical modifications, when used in various
siRNA constructs, are shown to preserve RNAi activity in cells
while at the same time, dramatically increasing the serum stability
of these compounds. Furthermore, contrary to the data published by
Parrish et al., supra, applicant demonstrates that multiple
(greater than one) phosphorothioate substitutions are well
tolerated and confer substantial increases in serum stability for
modified siRNA constructs. Chemical modifications of the siRNA
constructs can also be used to improve the stability of the
interaction with the target RNA sequence and to improve nuclease
resistance.
[0032] In a non-limiting example, the introduction of chemically
modified nucleotides into nucleic acid molecules will provide a
powerful tool in overcoming potential limitations of in vivo
stability and bioavailability inherent to native RNA molecules that
are delivered exogenously. For example, the use of chemically
modified nucleic acid molecules can enable a lower dose of a
particular nucleic acid molecule for a given therapeutic effect
since chemically modified nucleic acid molecules tend to have a
longer half-life in serum. Furthermore, certain chemical
modifications can improve the bioavailability of nucleic acid
molecules by targeting particular cells or tissues and/or improving
cellular uptake of the nucleic acid molecule. Therefore, even if
the activity of a chemically modified nucleic acid molecule is
reduced as compared to a native nucleic acid molecule, for example
when compared to an all RNA nucleic acid molecule, the overall
activity of the modified nucleic acid molecule can be greater than
the native molecule due to improved stability and/or delivery of
the molecule. Unlike native unmodified siRNA, chemically modified
siRNA can also minimize the possibility of activating interferon
activity in humans.
[0033] In one embodiment, the invention features a chemically
modified short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule capable of
mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against NOGO and/or NOGOr inside
a cell, wherein the chemical modification comprises one or more
(e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) nucleotides
comprising a backbone modified internucleotide linkage having
Formula I: 3
[0034] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently any nucleotide,
non-nucleotide, or polynucleotide which can be naturally occurring
or chemically modified, each X and Y is independently O, S, N,
alkyl, or substituted alkyl, each Z and W is independently O, S, N,
alkyl, substituted alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, alkaryl, or aralkyl,
and wherein W, X, Y and Z are not all O.
[0035] The chemically modified internucleotide linkages having
Formula I, for example wherein any Z, W, X, and/or Y independently
comprises a sulphur atom, can be present in one or both
oligonucleotide strands of the siRNA duplex, for example in the
sense strand, antisense strand, or both strands. The siRNA
molecules of the invention can comprise one or more (e.g., about 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) chemically modified
internucleotide linkages having Formula I at the 3'-end, 5'-end, or
both 3' and 5'-ends of the sense strand, antisense strand, or both
strands. For example, an exemplary siRNA molecule of the invention
can comprise between about 1 and about 5 or more (e.g., about 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, or more) chemically modified internucleotide linkages
having Formula I at the 5'-end of the sense strand, antisense
strand, or both strands. In another non-limiting example, an
exemplary siRNA molecule of the invention can comprise one or more
(e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) pyrimidine
nucleotides with chemically modified internucleotide linkages
having Formula I in the sense strand, antisense strand, or both
strands. In yet another non-limiting example, an exemplary siRNA
molecule of the invention can comprise one or more (e.g., about 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) purine nucleotides with
chemically modified internucleotide linkages having Formula I in
the sense strand, antisense strand, or both strands. In another
embodiment, a siRNA molecule of the invention having
internucleotide linkage(s) of Formula I also comprises a chemically
modified nucleotide or non-nucleotide having any of Formulae II,
III, V, or VI.
[0036] In one embodiment, the invention features a chemically
modified short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule capable of
mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against NOGO and/or NOGOr inside
a cell, wherein the chemical modification comprises one or more
(e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) nucleotides or
non-nucleotides having Formula II: 4
[0037] wherein each R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R10, R11 and R12 is
independently H, OH, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkaryl or aralkyl,
F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OCN, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, N-alkyl,
O-alkenyl, S-alkenyl, N-alkenyl, SO-alkyl, alkyl-OSH, alkyl-OH,
O-alkyl-OH, O-alkyl-SH, S-alkyl-OH, S-alkyl-SH, alkyl-S-alkyl,
alkyl-O-alkyl, ONO2 NO2 N3, NH2, aminoalkyl, aminoacid, aminoacyl,
ONH2, O-aminoalkyl, O-aminoacid, O-aminoacyl, heterocycloalkyl,
heterocycloalkaryl, aminoalkylamino, polyalklylamino, substituted
silyl, or group having Formula I; R9 is O, S, CH2, S.dbd.O, CHF, or
CF2, and B is a nucleosidic base such as adenine, guanine, uracil,
cytosine, thymine, 2-aminoadenosine, 5-methylcytosine,
2,6-diaminopurine, or any other non-naturally occurring base that
can be employed to be complementary or non-complementary to RNA or
a non-nucleosidic base such as phenyl, naphthyl, 3-nitropyrrole,
5-nitroindole, nebularine, pyridone, pyridinone, or any other
non-naturally occurring universal base that can be complementary or
non-complementary to RNA.
[0038] The chemically modified nucleotide or non-nucleotide of
Formula II can be present in one or both oligonucleotide strands of
the siRNA duplex, for example in the sense strand, antisense
strand, or both strands. The siRNA molecules of the invention can
comprise one or more chemically modified nucleotide or
non-nucleotide of Formula II at the 3'-end, 5'-end, or both 3' and
5'-ends of the sense strand, antisense strand, or both strands. For
example, an exemplary siRNA molecule of the invention can comprise
between about 1 and about 5 or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or
more) chemically modified nucleotide or non-nucleotide of Formula
II at the 5'-end of the sense strand, antisense strand, or both
strands. In anther non-limiting example, an exemplary siRNA
molecule of the invention can comprise between about 1 and about 5
or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) chemically modified
nucleotide or non-nucleotide of Formula II at the 3'-end of the
sense strand, antisense strand, or both strands.
[0039] In one embodiment, the invention features a chemically
modified short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule capable of
mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against NOGO and/or NOGOr inside
a cell, wherein the chemical modification comprises one or more
(e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) nucleotides or
non-nucleotides having Formula III: 5
[0040] wherein each R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R10, R11 and R12 is
independently H, OH, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkaryl or aralkyl,
F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OCN, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, N-alkyl,
O-alkenyl, S-alkenyl, N-alkenyl, SO-alkyl, alkyl-OSH, alkyl-OH,
O-alkyl-OH, O-alkyl-SH, S-alkyl-OH, S-alkyl-SH, alkyl-S-alkyl,
alkyl-O-alkyl, ONO2 NO2 N3, NH2, aminoalkyl, aminoacid, aminoacyl,
ONH2, O-aminoalkyl, O-aminoacid, O-aminoacyl, heterocycloalkyl,
heterocycloalkaryl, aminoalkylamino, polyalklylamino, substituted
silyl, or group having Formula I; R9 is O, S, CH2, S.dbd.O, CHF, or
CF2, and B is a nucleosidic base such as adenine, guanine, uracil,
cytosine, thymine, 2-aminoadenosine, 5-methylcytosine,
2,6-diaminopurine, or any other non-naturally occurring base that
can be complementary or non-complementary to RNA or a
non-nucleosidic base such as phenyl, naphthyl, 3-nitropyrrole,
5-nitroindole, nebularine, pyridone, pyridinone, or any other
non-naturally occurring universal base that can be complementary or
non-complementary to RNA.
[0041] The chemically modified nucleotide or non-nucleotide of
Formula III can be present in one or both oligonucleotide strands
of the siRNA duplex, for example in the sense strand, antisense
strand, or both strands. The siRNA molecules of the invention can
comprise one or more chemically modified nucleotide or
non-nucleotide of Formula III at the 3'-end, 5'-end, or both 3' and
5'-ends of the sense strand, antisense strand, or both strands. For
example, an exemplary siRNA molecule of the invention can comprise
between about 1 and about 5 or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or
more) chemically modified nucleotide or non-nucleotide of Formula
III at the 5'-end of the sense strand, antisense strand, or both
strands. In anther non-limiting example, an exemplary siRNA
molecule of the invention can comprise between about 1 and about 5
or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) chemically modified
nucleotide or non-nucleotide of Formula III at the 3'-end of the
sense strand, antisense strand, or both strands.
[0042] In another embodiment, a siRNA molecule of the invention
comprises a nucleotide having Formula II or III, wherein the
nucleotide having Formula II or III is in an inverted
configuration. For example, the nucleotide having Formula II or III
is connected to the siRNA construct in a 3',3', 3'-2', 2'-3', or
5',5' configuration, such as at the 3'-end, 5'-end, or both 3' and
5' ends of one or both siRNA strands.
[0043] In one embodiment, the invention features a chemically
modified short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule capable of
mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against NOGO and/or NOGOr inside
a cell, wherein the chemical modification comprises a 5'-terminal
phosphate group having Forula IV: 6
[0044] wherein each X and Y is independently O, S, N, alkyl,
substituted alkyl, or alkylhalo; each Z and W is independently O,
S, N, alkyl, substituted alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl,
or alkylhalo; and wherein W, X, Y and Z are not all O.
[0045] In one embodiment, the invention features a siRNA molecule
having a 5'-terminal phosphate group having Formula IV on the
target-complementary strand, for example a strand complementary to
NOGO and/or NOGOr RNA, wherein the siRNA molecule comprises an all
RNA siRNA molecule. In another embodiment, the invention features a
siRNA molecule having a 5'-terminal phosphate group having Formula
IV on the target-complementary strand wherein the siRNA molecule
also comprises 1-3 (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) nucleotide 3'-overhangs
having between about 1 and about 4 (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, or 4)
deoxyribonucleotides on the 3'-end of one or both strands. In
another embodiment, a 5'-terminal phosphate group having Formula IV
is present on the target-complementary strand of a siRNA molecule
of the invention, for example a siRNA molecule having chemical
modifications having Formula I, Formula II and/or Formula III.
[0046] In one embodiment, the invention features a chemically
modified short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule capable of
mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against NOGO and/or NOGOr inside
a cell, wherein the chemical modification comprises one or more
phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages. For example, in a
non-limiting example, the invention features a chemically modified
short interfering RNA (siRNA) having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
or more phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages in one siRNA
strand. In yet another embodiment, the invention features a
chemically modified short interfering RNA (siRNA) individually
having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more phosphorothioate
internucleotide linkages in both siRNA strands. The
phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages can be present in one or
both oligonucleotide strands of the siRNA duplex, for example in
the sense strand, antisense strand, or both strands. The siRNA
molecules of the invention can comprise one or more
phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages at the 3'-end, 5'-end, or
both 3' and 5'-ends of the sense strand, antisense strand, or both
strands. For example, an exemplary siRNA molecule of the invention
can comprise between about 1 and about 5 or more (e.g., about 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, or more) consecutive phosphorothioate internucleotide
linkages at the 5'-end of the sense strand, antisense strand, or
both strands. In another non-limiting example, an exemplary siRNA
molecule of the invention can comprise one or more (e.g., about 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) pyrimidine phosphorothioate
internucleotide linkages in the sense strand, antisense strand, or
both strands. In yet another non-limiting example, an exemplary
siRNA molecule of the invention can comprise one or more (e.g.,
about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) purine
phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages in the sense strand,
antisense strand, or both strands.
[0047] In one embodiment, the invention features a siRNA molecule,
wherein the sense strand comprises one or more, for example about
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , 10 or more phosphorothioate
internucleotide linkages, and/or one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, or more) 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro, and/or
one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) universal base
modified nucleotides, and optionally a terminal cap molecule at the
3', 5', or both 3' and 5'-ends of the sense strand; and wherein the
antisense strand comprises any of between 1 and 10 or more,
specifically about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more
phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and/or one or more
(e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl,
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro, and/or one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
or more) universal base modified nucleotides, and optionally a
terminal cap molecule at the 3', 5', or both 3' and 5'-ends of the
antisense strand. In another embodiment, one or more, for example
about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more pyrimidine nucleotides
of the sense and/or antisense siRNA stand are chemically modified
with 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl and/or 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro nucleotides,
with or without one or more, for example about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10 or more phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages and/or a
terminal cap molecule at the 3', 5', or both 3' and 5'-ends, being
present in the same or different strand.
[0048] In another embodiment, the invention features a siRNA
molecule, wherein the sense strand comprises between about 1 and
about 5, specifically about 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 phosphorothioate
internucleotide linkages, and/or one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, or more) 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro, and/or
one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) universal base
modified nucleotides, and optionally a terminal cap molecule at the
3', 5', or both 3' and 5'-ends of the sense strand; and wherein the
antisense strand comprises any of between about 1 and about 5 or
more, specifically about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more phosphorothioate
internucleotide linkages, and/or one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, or more) 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro, and/or
one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) universal base
modified nucleotides, and optionally a terminal cap molecule at the
3', 5', or both 3' and 5'-ends of the antisense strand. In another
embodiment, one or more, for example about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10 or more pyrimidine nucleotides of the sense and/or antisense
siRNA stand are chemically modified with 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl
and/or 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro nucleotides, with or without between
about 1 and about 5 or more, for example about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or
more phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages and/or a terminal
cap molecule at the 3', 5', or both 3' and 5'-ends, being present
in the same or different strand.
[0049] In one embodiment, the invention features a siRNA molecule,
wherein the antisense strand comprises one or more, for example
about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more phosphorothioate
internucleotide linkages, and/or between one or more (e.g., about
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro,
and/or one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) universal
base modified nucleotides, and optionally a terminal cap molecule
at the 3', 5', or both 3' and 5'-ends of the sense strand; and
wherein the antisense strand comprises any of between about 1 and
about 10, specifically about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more
phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and/or one or more
(e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl,
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro, and/or one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
or more) universal base modified nucleotides, and optionally a
terminal cap molecule at the 3', 5', or both 3' and 5'-ends of the
antisense strand. In another embodiment, one or more, for example
about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more pyrimidine nucleotides
of the sense and/or antisense siRNA stand are chemically modified
with 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl and/or 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro nucleotides,
with or without one or more, for example about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10 or more phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages and/or a
terminal cap molecule at the 3', 5', or both 3' and 5'-ends, being
present in the same or different strand.
[0050] In another embodiment, the invention features a siRNA
molecule, wherein the antisense strand comprises between about 1
and about 5 or more, specifically about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or more
phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and/or one or more
(e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl,
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro, and/or one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
or more) universal base modified nucleotides, and optionally a
terminal cap molecule at the 3', 5', or both 3' and 5'-ends of the
sense strand; and wherein the antisense strand comprises any of
between about 1 and about 5 or more, specifically about 1, 2, 3, 4,
5 or more phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and/or one or
more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl,
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro, and/or one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
or more) universal base modified nucleotides, and optionally a
terminal cap molecule at the 3', 5', or both 3' and 5'-ends of the
antisense strand. In another embodiment, one or more, for example
about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more pyrimidine nucleotides
of the sense and/or antisense siRNA stand are chemically modified
with 2'-deoxy, 2'-O-methyl and/or 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro nucleotides,
with or without between about 1 and about 5, for example about 1,
2, 3, 4, 5 or more phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages and/or
a terminal cap molecule at the 3', 5', or both 3' and 5'-ends,
being present in the same or different strand.
[0051] In one embodiment, the invention features a chemically
modified short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule having between
about 1 and about 5, specifically 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or more
phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages in each strand of the
siRNA molecule.
[0052] In another embodiment, the invention features a siRNA
molecule comprising 2'-5' internucleotide linkages. The 2'-5'
internucleotide linkage(s) can be at the 5'-end, 3'-end, or both 5'
and 3' ends of one or both siRNA sequence strands. In addition, the
2'-5' internucleotide linkage(s) can be present at various other
positions within one or both siRNA sequence strands, for example,
about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more including every
internucleotide linkage of a pyrimidine nucleotide in one or both
strands of the siRNA molecule can comprise a 2'-5' internucleotide
linkage, or about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more including
every internucleotide linkage of a purine nucleotide in one or both
strands of the siRNA molecule can comprise a 2'-5' internucleotide
linkage.
[0053] In another embodiment, a chemically modified siRNA molecule
of the invention comprises a duplex having two strands, one or both
of which can be chemically modified, wherein each strand is between
about 18 and about 27 (e.g., about 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, or 27) nucleotides in length, wherein the duplex has between
about 18 and about 23 (e.g., about 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23) base
pairs, and wherein the chemical modification comprises a structure
having Formula I, Formula II, Formula III and/or Formula IV. For
example, an exemplary chemically modified siRNA molecule of the
invention comprises a duplex having two strands, one or both of
which can be chemically modified with a chemical modification
having Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, and/or Formula IV,
wherein each strand consists of 21 nucleotides, each having 2
nucleotide 3'-overhangs, and wherein the duplex has 19 base
pairs.
[0054] In another embodiment, a siRNA molecule of the invention
comprises a single stranded hairpin structure, wherein the siRNA is
between about 36 and about 70 (e.g., about 36, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60,
65, or 70) nucleotides in length having between about 18 and about
23 (e.g., about 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23) base pairs, and wherein
the siRNA can include a chemical modification comprising a
structure having Formula I, Formula II, Formula III and/or Formula
IV. For example, an exemplary chemically modified siRNA molecule of
the invention comprises a linear oligonucleotide having between
about 42 and about 50 (e.g., about 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,
or 50) nucleotides that is chemically modified with a chemical
modification having Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, and/or
Formula IV, wherein the linear oligonucleotide forms a hairpin
structure having 19 base pairs and a 2 nucleotide 3'-overhang.
[0055] In another embodiment, a linear hairpin siRNA molecule of
the invention contains a stem loop motif, wherein the loop portion
of the siRNA molecule is biodegradable. For example, a linear
hairpin siRNA molecule of the invention is designed such that
degradation of the loop portion of the siRNA molecule in vivo can
generate a double stranded siRNA molecule with 3'-overhangs, such
as 3'-overhangs comprising about 2 nucleotides.
[0056] In another embodiment, a siRNA molecule of the invention
comprises a circular nucleic acid molecule, wherein the siRNA is
between about 38 and about 70 (e.g., about 38, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60,
65, or 70) nucleotides in length having between about 18 and about
23 (e.g., about 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23) base pairs, and wherein
the siRNA can include a chemical modification, which comprises a
structure having Formula I, Formula II, Formula III and/or Formula
IV. For example, an exemplary chemically modified siRNA molecule of
the invention comprises a circular oligonucleotide having between
about 42 and about 50 (e.g., about 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,
or 50) nucleotides that is chemically modified with a chemical
modification having Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, and/or
Formula IV, wherein the circular oligonucleotide forms a dumbbell
shaped structure having 19 base pairs and 2 loops.
[0057] In another embodiment, a circular siRNA molecule of the
invention contains two loop motifs, wherein one or both loop
portions of the siRNA molecule is biodegradable. For example, a
circular siRNA molecule of the invention is designed such that
degradation of the loop portions of the siRNA molecule in vivo can
generate a double stranded siRNA molecule with 3'-overhangs, such
as 3'-overhangs comprising about 2 nucleotides.
[0058] In one embodiment, a siRNA molecule of the invention
comprises at least one (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
or more) abasic residue, for example a compound having Formula V:
7
[0059] wherein each R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R10, R11, R12, and R13
is independently H, OH, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkaryl or
aralkyl, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OCN, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, N-alkyl,
O-alkenyl, S-alkenyl, N-alkenyl, SO-alkyl, alkyl-OSH, alkyl-OH,
O-alkyl-OH, O-alkyl-SH, S-alkyl-OH, S-alkyl-SH, alkyl-S-alkyl,
alkyl-O-alkyl, ONO2 NO2 N3, NH2, aminoalkyl, aminoacid, aminoacyl,
ONH2, O-aminoalkyl, O-aminoacid, O-aminoacyl, heterocycloalkyl,
heterocycloalkaryl, aminoalkylamino, polyalklylamino, substituted
silyl, or group having Formula I; R9 is O, S, CH2, S.dbd.O, CHF, or
CF2.
[0060] In one embodiment, a siRNA molecule of the invention
comprises at least one (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
or more) inverted abasic residue, for example a compound having
Formula VI: 8
[0061] wherein each R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R10, R11, R12, and R13
is independently H, OH, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkaryl or
aralkyl, F. Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OCN, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, N-alkyl,
O-alkenyl, S-alkenyl, N-alkenyl, SO-alkyl, alkyl-OSH, alkyl-OH,
O-alkyl-OH, O-alkyl-SH, 5-alkyl-OH, S-alkyl-SH, alkyl-S-alkyl,
alkyl-O-alkyl, ONO2 NO2 N3, NH2, aminoalkyl, aminoacid, aminoacyl,
ONH2, O-aminoalkyl, O-aminoacid, O-aminoacyl, heterocycloalkyl,
heterocycloalkaryl, aminoalkylamino, polyalklylamino, substituted
silyl, or group having Formula I; R9 is O, S, CH2, S.dbd.O, CHF, or
CF2, and either R2, R3, R8 or R13 serve as points of attachment to
the siRNA molecule of the invention.
[0062] In another embodiment, a siRNA molecule of the invention
comprises an abasic residue having Formula II or III, wherein the
abasic residue having Formula II or III is connected to the siRNA
construct in a 3',3', 3'-2', 2'-3', or 5',5' configuration, such as
at the 3'-end, 5'-end, or both 3' and 5' ends of one or both siRNA
strands.
[0063] In one embodiment, a siRNA molecule of the invention
comprises one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
or more) locked nucleic acid (LNA) nucleotides, for example at the
5'-end, 3'-end, 5' and 3'-end, or any combination thereof, of the
siRNA molecule.
[0064] In one embodiment, the invention features a chemically
modified short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule capable of
mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against NOGO and/or NOGOr inside
a cell, wherein the chemical modification comprises a conjugate
covalently attached to the siRNA molecule. In another embodiment,
the conjugate is covalently attached to the siRNA molecule via a
biodegradable linker. In one embodiment, the conjugate molecule is
attached at the 3'-end of either the sense strand, antisense
strand, or both strands of the siRNA. In another embodiment, the
conjugate molecule is attached at the 5'-end of either the sense
strand, antisense strand, or both strands of the siRNA. In yet
another embodiment, the conjugate molecule is attached both the
3'-end and 5'-end of either the sense strand, antisense strand, or
both strands of the siRNA, or any combination thereof. In one
embodiment, a conjugate molecule of the invention comprises a
molecule that facilitates delivery of a siRNA molecule into a
biological system such as a cell. In another embodiment, the
conjugate molecule attached to the siRNA is a poly ethylene glycol,
human serum albumin, or a ligand for a cellular receptor that can
mediate cellular uptake. Examples of specific conjugate molecules
contemplated by the instant invention that can be attached to siRNA
molecules are described in Vargeese et al., U.S. Ser. No.
60/311,865, incorporated by reference herein.
[0065] In one embodiment, the invention features a siRNA molecule
capable of mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against NOGO and/or
NOGOr inside a cell, wherein one or both strands of the siRNA
comprise ribonucleotides at positions withing the siRNA that are
critical for siRNA mediated RNAi in a cell. All other positions
within the siRNA can include chemically modified nucleotides and/or
non-nucleotides such as nucleotides and or non-nucleotides having
Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or any combination thereof to the
extent that the ability of the siRNA molecule to support RNAi
activity in a cell is maintained.
[0066] In one embodiment, the invention features a method for
modulating the expression of a NOGO and/or NOGOr gene within a
cell, comprising: (a) synthesizing a siRNA molecule of the
invention, which can be chemically modified, wherein one of the
siRNA strands includes a sequence complementary to RNA of the NOGO
and/or NOGOr gene; and (b) introducing the siRNA molecule into a
cell under conditions suitable to modulate the expression of the
NOGO and/or NOGOr gene in the cell.
[0067] In one embodiment, the invention features a method for
modulating the expression of a NOGO and/or NOGOr gene within a
cell, comprising: (a) synthesizing a siRNA molecule of the
invention, which can be chemically modified, wherein one of the
siRNA strands includes a sequence complementary to RNA of the NOGO
and/or NOGOr gene and wherein the sense strand sequence of the
siRNA is identical to the complementary sequence of the NOGO and/or
NOGOr RNA; and (b) introducing the siRNA molecule into a cell under
conditions suitable to modulate the expression of the NOGO and/or
NOGOr gene in the cell.
[0068] In another embodiment, the invention features a method for
modulating the expression of more than one NOGO and/or NOGOr gene
within a cell, comprising: (a) synthesizing siRNA molecules of the
invention, which can be chemically modified, wherein one of the
siRNA strands includes a sequence complementary to RNA of the NOGO
and/or NOGOr genes; and (b) introducing the siRNA molecules into a
cell under conditions suitable to modulate the expression of the
NOGO and/or NOGOr genes in the cell.
[0069] In another embodiment, the invention features a method for
modulating the expression of more than one NOGO and/or NOGOr gene
within a cell, comprising: (a) synthesizing a siRNA molecule of the
invention, which can be chemically modified, wherein one of the
siRNA strands includes a sequence complementary to RNA of the NOGO
and/or NOGOr gene and wherein the sense strand sequence of the
siRNA is identical to the complementary sequence of the NOGO and/or
NOGOr RNA; and (b) introducing the siRNA molecules into a cell
under conditions suitable to modulate the expression of the NOGO
and/or NOGOr genes in the cell.
[0070] In one embodiment, the invention features a method of
modulating the expression of a NOGO and/or NOGOr gene in a tissue
explant, comprising: (a) synthesizing a siRNA molecule of the
invention, which can be chemically modified, wherein one of the
siRNA strands includes a sequence complementary to RNA of the NOGO
and/or NOGOr gene; (b) introducing the siRNA molecule into a cell
of the tissue explant derived from a particular organism under
conditions suitable to modulate the expression of the NOGO and/or
NOGOr gene in the tissue explant, and (c) optionally introducing
the tissue explant back into the organism the tissue was derived
from or into another organism under conditions suitable to modulate
the expression of the NOGO and/or NOGOr gene in that organism.
[0071] In one embodiment, the invention features a method of
modulating the expression of a NOGO and/or NOGOr gene in a tissue
explant, comprising: (a) synthesizing a siRNA molecule of the
invention, which can be chemically modified, wherein one of the
siRNA strands includes a sequence complementary to RNA of the NOGO
and/or NOGOr gene and wherein the sense strand sequence of the
siRNA is identical to the complementary sequence of the NOGO and/or
NOGOr RNA; (b) introducing the siRNA molecule into a cell of the
tissue explant derived from a particular organism under conditions
suitable to modulate the expression of the NOGO and/or NOGOr gene
in the tissue explant, and (c) optionally introducing the tissue
explant back into the organism the tissue was derived from or into
another organism under conditions suitable to modulate the
expression of the NOGO and/or NOGOr gene in that organism.
[0072] In another embodiment, the invention features a method of
modulating the expression of more than one NOGO and/or NOGOr gene
in a tissue explant, comprising: (a) synthesizing siRNA molecules
of the invention, which can be chemically modified, wherein one of
the siRNA strands includes a sequence complementary to RNA of the
NOGO and/or NOGOr genes; (b) introducing the siRNA molecules into a
cell of the tissue explant derived from a particular organism under
conditions suitable to modulate the expression of the NOGO and/or
NOGOr genes in the tissue explant, and (c) optionally introducing
the tissue explant back into the organism the tissue was derived
from or into another organism under conditions suitable to modulate
the expression of the NOGO and/or NOGOr genes in that organism.
[0073] In one embodiment, the invention features a method of
modulating the expression of a NOGO and/or NOGOr gene in an
organism, comprising: (a) synthesizing a siRNA molecule of the
invention, which can be chemically modified, wherein one of the
siRNA strands includes a sequence complementary to RNA of the NOGO
and/or NOGOr gene; and (b) introducing the siRNA molecule into the
organism under conditions suitable to modulate the expression of
the NOGO and/or NOGOr gene in the organism.
[0074] In another embodiment, the invention features a method of
modulating the expression of more than one NOGO and/or NOGOr gene
in an organism, comprising: (a) synthesizing siRNA molecules of the
invention, which can be chemically modified, wherein one of the
siRNA strands includes a sequence complementary to RNA of the NOGO
and/or NOGOr genes; and (b) introducing the siRNA molecules into
the organism under conditions suitable to modulate the expression
of the NOGO and/or NOGOr genes in the organism.
[0075] The siRNA molecules of the invention can be designed to
inhibit NOGO and/or NOGOr gene expression through RNAi targeting of
a variety of RNA molecules. In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules
of the invention are used to target various RNAs corresponding to a
target gene. Non-limiting examples of such RNAs include messenger
RNA (mRNA), alternate RNA splice variants of target gene(s),
post-transcriptionally modified RNA of target gene(s), pre-mRNA of
target gene(s), and/or RNA templates used for NOGO and/or NOGOr
activity. If alternate splicing produces a family of transcipts
that are distinguished by usage of appropriate exons, the instant
invention can be used to inhibit gene expression through the
appropriate exons to specifically inhibit or to distinguish among
the functions of gene family members. For example, a protein that
contains an alternatively spliced transmembrane domain can be
expressed in both membrane bound and secreted forms. Use of the
invention to target the exon containing the transmembrane domain
can be used to determine the functional consequences of
pharmaceutical targeting of membrane bound as opposed to the
secreted form of the protein. Non-limiting examples of applications
of the invention relating to targeting these RNA molecules include
therapeutic pharmaceutical applications, pharmaceutical discovery
applications, molecular diagnostic and gene function applications,
and gene mapping, for example using single nucleotide polymorphism
mapping with siRNA molecules of the invention. Such applications
can be implemented using known gene sequences or from partial
sequences available from an expressed sequence tag (EST).
[0076] In another embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the invention
are used to target conserved sequences corresponding to a gene
family or gene families such as NOGO and/or NOGOr genes. As such,
siRNA molecules targeting multiple NOGO and/or NOGOr targets can
provide increased therapeutic effect. In addition, siRNA can be
used to characterize pathways of gene function in a variety of
applications. For example, the present invention can be used to
inhibit the activity of target gene(s) in a pathway to determine
the function of uncharacterized gene(s) in gene function analysis,
mRNA function analysis, or translational analysis. The invention
can be used to determine potential target gene pathways involved in
various diseases and conditions toward pharmaceutical development.
The invention can be used to understand pathways of gene expression
involved in development, such as prenatal development, postnatal
development and/or aging.
[0077] In one embodiment, siRNA molecule(s) and/or methods of the
invention are used to inhibit the expression of gene(s) that encode
RNA referred to by Genbank Accession number, for example genes such
as Genbank Accession Nos. AJ251383 (NOGO-A), AJ251384 (NOGO-B),
AJ251385 (NOGO-C), AF283463 (NOGOr), M29273 (myelin associated
glycoprotein), X98085 (tenascin-R) and/or X61945 (NG-2). Such
sequences are readily obtained using these Genbank Accession
numbers.
[0078] In one embodiment, the invention features a method
comprising: (a) analyzing the sequence of a RNA target encoded by a
NOGO and/or NOGOr gene; (b) synthesizing one or more sets of siRNA
molecules having sequence complementary to one or more regions of
the RNA of (a); and (c) assaying the siRNA molecules of (b) under
conditions suitable to determine RNAi targets within the target RNA
sequence. In another embodiment, the siRNA molecules of (b) have
strands of a fixed length, for example about 23 nucleotides in
length. In yet another embodiment, the siRNA molecules of (b) are
of differing length, for example having strands of about 19 to
about 25 (e.g., about 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25) nucleotides in
length.
[0079] In one embodiment, the invention features a composition
comprising a siRNA molecule of the invention, which can be
chemically modified, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or
diluent. In another embodiment, the invention features a
pharmaceutical composition comprising siRNA molecules of the
invention, which can be chemically modified, targeting one or more
genes in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. In
another embodiment, the invention features a method for treating or
preventing a disease or condition in a subject, comprising
administering to the subject a composition of the invention under
conditions suitable for the treatment or prevention of the disease
or condition in the subject, alone or in conjunction with one or
more other therapeutic compounds. In yet another embodiment, the
invention features a method for reducing or preventing tissue
rejection in a subject comprising administering to the subject a
composition of the invention under conditions suitable for the
reduction or prevention of tissue rejection in the subject.
[0080] In another embodiment, the invention features a method for
validating a NOGO and/or NOGOr gene target, comprising: (a)
synthesizing a siRNA molecule of the invention, which can be
chemically modified, wherein one of the siRNA strands includes a
sequence complementary to RNA of a NOGO and/or NOGOr target gene;
(b) introducing the siRNA molecule into a cell, tissue, or organism
under conditions suitable for modulating expression of the NOGO
and/or NOGOr target gene in the cell, tissue, or organism; and (c)
determining the function of the gene by assaying for any phenotypic
change in the cell, tissue, or organism.
[0081] In one embodiment, the invention features a kit containing a
siRNA molecule of the invention, which can be chemically modified,
that can be used to modulate the expression of a NOGO and/or NOGOr
target gene in a cell, tissue, or organism. In another embodiment,
the invention features a kit containing more than one siRNA
molecule of the invention, which can be chemically modified, that
can be used to modulate the expression of more than one NOGO and/or
NOGOr target gene in a cell, tissue, or organism.
[0082] In one embodiment, the invention features a cell containing
one or more siRNA molecules of the invention, which can be
chemically modified. In another embodiment, the cell containing a
siRNA molecule of the invention is a mammalian cell. In yet another
embodiment, the cell containing a siRNA molecule of the invention
is a human cell.
[0083] In one embodiment, the synthesis of a siRNA molecule of the
invention, which can be chemically modified, comprises: (a)
synthesis of two complementary strands of the siRNA molecule; (b)
annealing the two complementary strands together under conditions
suitable to obtain a double stranded siRNA molecule. In another
embodiment, synthesis of the two complementary strands of the siRNA
molecule is by solid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. In yet
another embodiment, synthesis of the two complementary strands of
the siRNA molecule is by solid phase tandem oligonucleotide
synthesis.
[0084] In one embodiment, the invention features a method for
synthesizing a siRNA duplex molecule comprising: (a) synthesizing a
first oligonucleotide sequence strand of the siRNA molecule,
wherein the first oligonucleotide sequence strand comprises a
cleavable linker molecule that can be used as a scaffold for the
synthesis of the second oligonucleotide sequence strand of the
siRNA; (b) synthesizing the second oligonucleotide sequence strand
of siRNA on the scaffold of the first oligonucleotide sequence
strand, wherein the second oligonucleotide sequence strand further
comprises a chemical moiety than can be used to purify the siRNA
duplex; (c) cleaving the linker molecule of (a) under conditions
suitable for the two siRNA oligonucleotide strands to hybridize and
form a stable duplex; and (d) purifying the siRNA duplex utilizing
the chemical moiety of the second oligonucleotide sequence strand.
In another embodiment, cleavage of the linker molecule in (c) above
takes place during deprotection of the oligonucleotide, for example
under hydrolysis conditions using an alkylamine base such as
methylamine. In another embodiment, the method of synthesis
comprises solid phase synthesis on a solid support such as
controlled pore glass (CPG) or polystyrene, wherein the first
sequence of (a) is synthesized on a cleavable linker, such as a
succinyl linker, using the solid support as a scaffold. The
cleavable linker in (a) used as a scaffold for synthesizing the
second strand can comprise similar reactivity as the solid support
derivatized linker, such that cleavage of the solid support
derivatized linker and the cleavable linker of (a) takes place
concomitantly. In another embodiment, the chemical moiety of (b)
that can used to isolate the attached oligonucleotide sequence
comprises a trityl group, for example a dimethoxytrityl group,
which can be employed in a trityl-on synthesis strategy as
described herein. In yet another embodiment, the chemical moiety,
such as a dimethoxytrityl group, is removed during purification,
for example using acidic conditions.
[0085] In a further embodiment, the method for siRNA synthesis is a
solution phase synthesis or hybrid phase synthesis wherein both
strands of the siRNA duplex are synthesized in tandem using a
cleavable linker attached to the first sequence which acts a
scaffold for synthesis of the second sequence. Cleavage of the
linker under conditions suitable for hybridization of the separate
siRNA sequence strands results in formation of the double stranded
siRNA molecule.
[0086] In another embodiment, the invention features a method for
synthesizing a siRNA duplex molecule comprising: (a) synthesizing
one oligonucleotide sequence strand of the siRNA molecule, wherein
the sequence comprises a cleavable linker molecule that can be used
as a scaffold for the synthesis of another oligonucleotide
sequence; (b) synthesizing a second oligonucleotide sequence having
complementarity to the first sequence strand on the scaffold of
(a), wherein the second sequence comprises the other strand of the
double stranded siRNA molecule and wherein the second sequence
further comprises a chemical moiety than can be used to isolate the
attached oligonucleotide sequence; (c) purifying the product of (b)
utilizing the chemical moiety of the second oligonucleotide
sequence strand under conditions suitable for isolating the full
length sequence comprising both siRNA oligonucleotide strands
connected by the cleavable linker; and (d) under conditions
suitable for the two siRNA oligonucleotide strands to hybridize and
form a stable duplex. In another embodiment, cleavage of the linker
molecule in (c) above takes place during deprotection of the
oligonucleotide, for example under hydrolysis conditions. In
another embodiment, cleavage of the linker molecule in (c) above
takes place after deprotection of the oligonucleotide. In another
embodiment, the method of synthesis comprises solid phase synthesis
on a solid support such as controlled pore glass (CPG) or
polystyrene, wherein the first sequence of (a) is synthesized on a
cleavable linker, such as a succinyl linker, using the solid
support as a scaffold. The cleavable linker in (a) used as a
scaffold for synthesizing the second strand can comprise similar
reactivity or differing reactivity as the solid support derivatized
linker, such that cleavage of the solid support derivatized linker
and the cleavable linker of (a) takes place either concomitantly or
sequentially. In another embodiment, the chemical moiety of (b)
that can used to isolate the attached oligonucleotide sequence
comprises a trityl group, for example a dimethoxytrityl group.
[0087] In another embodiment, the invention features a method for
making a double stranded siRNA molecule in a single synthetic
process, comprising: (a) synthesizing an oligonucleotide having a
first and a second sequence, wherein the first sequence is
complementary to the second sequence, and the first oligonucleotide
sequence is linked to the second sequence via a cleavable linker,
and wherein a terminal 5'-protecting group, for example a
5'-O-dimethoxytrityl group (5'-O-DMT) remains on the
oligonucleotide having the second sequence; (b) deprotecting the
oligonucleotide whereby the deprotection results in the cleavage of
the linker joining the two oligonucleotide sequences; and (c)
purifying the product of (b) under conditions suitable for
isolating the double stranded siRNA molecule, for example using a
trityl-on synthesis strategy as described herein.
[0088] In one embodiment, the invention features siRNA constructs
that mediate RNAi against NOGO and/or NOGOr, wherein the siRNA
construct comprises one or more chemical modifications, for example
one or more chemical modifications having Formula I, II, III, IV,
or V, that increases the nuclease resistance of the siRNA
construct.
[0089] In another embodiment, the invention features a method for
generating siRNA molecules with increased nuclease resistance
comprising (a) introducing nucleotides having any of Formula I-VI
into a siRNA molecule, and (b) assaying the siRNA molecule of step
(a) under conditions suitable for isolating siRNA molecules having
increased nuclease resistance.
[0090] In one embodiment, the invention features siRNA constructs
that mediate RNAi against NOGO and/or NOGOr, wherein the siRNA
construct comprises one or more chemical modifications described
herein that modulates the binding affinity between the sense and
antisense strands of the siRNA construct.
[0091] In another embodiment, the invention features a method for
generating siRNA molecules with increased binding affinity between
the sense and antisense strands of the siRNA molecule comprising
(a) introducing nucleotides having any of Formula I-VI into a siRNA
molecule, and (b) assaying the siRNA molecule of step (a) under
conditions suitable for isolating siRNA molecules having increased
binding affinity between the sense and antisense strands of the
siRNA molecule.
[0092] In one embodiment, the invention features siRNA constructs
that mediate RNAi against NOGO and/or NOGOr, wherein the siRNA
construct comprises one or more chemical modifications described
herein that modulates the binding affinity between the antisense
strand of the siRNA construct and a complementary target RNA
sequence within a cell.
[0093] In another embodiment, the invention features a method for
generating siRNA molecules with increased binding affinity between
the antisense strand of the siRNA molecule and a complementary
target RNA sequence, comprising (a) introducing nucleotides having
any of Formula I-VI into a siRNA molecule, and (b) assaying the
siRNA molecule of step (a) under conditions suitable for isolating
siRNA molecules having increased binding affinity between the
antisense strand of the siRNA molecule and a complementary target
RNA sequence.
[0094] In one embodiment, the invention features siRNA constructs
that mediate RNAi against NOGO and/or NOGOr, wherein the siRNA
construct comprises one or more chemical modifications described
herein that modulate the polymerase activity of a cellular
polymerase capable of generating additional endogenous siRNA
molecules having sequence homology to the chemically modified siRNA
construct.
[0095] In another embodiment, the invention features a method for
generating siRNA molecules capable of mediating increased
polymerase activity of a cellular polymerase capable of generating
additional endogenous siRNA molecules having sequence homology to
the chemically modified siRNA molecule comprising (a) introducing
nucleotides having any of Formula I-VI into a siRNA molecule, and
(b) assaying the siRNA molecule of step (a) under conditions
suitable for isolating siRNA molecules capable of mediating
increased polymerase activity of a cellular polymerase capable of
generating additional endogenous siRNA molecules having sequence
homology to the chemically modified siRNA molecule.
[0096] In one embodiment, the invention features chemically
modified siRNA constructs that mediate RNAi against NOGO and/or
NOGOr in a cell, wherein the chemical modifications do not
significantly effect the interaction of siRNA with a target RNA
molecule and/or proteins or other factors that are essential for
RNAi in a manner that would decrease the efficacy of RNAi mediated
by such siRNA constructs.
[0097] In another embodiment, the invention features a method for
generating siRNA molecules with improved RNAi activity against NOGO
and/or NOGOr, comprising (a) introducing nucleotides having any of
Formula I-VI into a siRNA molecule, and (b) assaying the siRNA
molecule of step (a) under conditions suitable for isolating siRNA
molecules having improved RNAi activity.
[0098] In yet another embodiment, the invention features a method
for generating siRNA molecules with improved RNAi activity against
a NOGO and/or NOGOr target RNA, comprising (a) introducing
nucleotides having any of Formula I-VI into a siRNA molecule, and
(b) assaying the siRNA molecule of step (a) under conditions
suitable for isolating siRNA molecules having improved RNAi
activity against the target RNA.
[0099] In one embodiment, the invention features siRNA constructs
that mediate RNAi against NOGO and/or NOGOr, wherein the siRNA
construct comprises one or more chemical modifications described
herein that modulates the cellular uptake of the siRNA
construct.
[0100] In another embodiment, the invention features a method for
generating siRNA molecules against NOGO and/or NOGOr with improved
cellular uptake, comprising (a) introducing nucleotides having any
of Formula I-VI into a- siRNA molecule, and (b) assaying the siRNA
molecule of step (a) under conditions suitable for isolating siRNA
molecules having improved cellular uptake.
[0101] In one embodiment, the invention features siRNA constructs
that mediate RNAi against NOGO and/or NOGOr, wherein the siRNA
construct comprises one or more chemical modifications described
herein that increases the bioavailability of the siRNA construct,
for example by attaching polymeric conjugates such as
polyethyleneglycol or equivalent conjugates that improve the
pharmacokinetics of the siRNA construct, or by attaching conjugates
that target specific tissue types or cell types in vivo.
Non-limiting examples of such conjugates are described in Vargeese
et al., U.S. Ser. No. 60/311,865 incorporated by reference
herein.
[0102] In one embodiment, the invention features a method for
generating siRNA molecules of the invention with improved
bioavailability, comprising (a) introducing a conjugate into the
structure of a siRNA molecule, and (b) assaying the siRNA molecule
of step (a) under conditions suitable for isolating siRNA molecules
having improved bioavailability. Such conjugates can include
ligands for cellular receptors such as peptides derived from
naturally occurring protein ligands, protein localization sequences
including cellular ZIP code sequences, antibodies, nucleic acid
aptamers, vitamins and other co-factors such as folate and
N-acetylgalactosamine, polymers such as polyethyleneglycol (PEG),
phospholipids, polyamines such as spermine or spermidine, and
others.
[0103] In another embodiment, the invention features a method for
generating siRNA molecules of the invention with improved
bioavailability, comprising (a) introducing an excipient
formulation to a siRNA molecule, and (b) assaying the siRNA
molecule of step (a) under conditions suitable for isolating siRNA
molecules having improved bioavailability. Such excipients include
polymers such as cyclodextrins, lipids, cationic lipids,
polyamines, phospholipids, and others.
[0104] In another embodiment, the invention features a method for
generating siRNA molecules of the invention with improved
bioavailability, comprising (a) introducing nucleotides having any
of Formula I-VI into a siRNA molecule, and (b) assaying the siRNA
molecule of step (a) under conditions suitable for isolating siRNA
molecules having improved bioavailability.
[0105] In another embodiment, polyethylene glycol (PEG) can be
covalently attached to siRNA compounds of the present invention.
The attached PEG can be any molecular weight, preferably from about
2,000 to about 50,000 daltons (Da).
[0106] The present invention can be used alone or as a component of
a kit having at least one of the reagents necessary to carry out
the in vitro or in vivo introduction of RNA to test samples and/or
subjects. For example, preferred components of the kit include the
siRNA and a vehicle that promotes introduction of the siRNA. Such a
kit can also include instructions to allow a user of the kit to
practice the invention.
[0107] The term "short interfering RNA" or "siRNA" as used herein
refers to a double stranded nucleic acid molecule capable of RNA
interference "RNAi", see for example Bass, 2001, Nature, 411,
428-429; Elbashir et al., 2001, Nature, 411, 494-498; and Kreutzer
et al., International PCT Publication No. WO 00/44895;
Zernicka-Goetz et al., International PCT Publication No. WO
01/36646; Fire, International PCT Publication No. WO 99/32619;
Plaetinck et al., International PCT Publication No. WO 00/01846;
Mello and Fire, International PCT Publication No. WO 01/29058;
Deschamps-Depaillette, International PCT Publication No. WO
99/07409; and Li et al., International PCT Publication No. WO
00/44914. As used herein, siRNA molecules need not be limited to
those molecules containing only RNA, but further encompasses
chemically modified nucleotides and non-nucleotides.
[0108] By "modulate" is meant that the expression of the gene, or
level of RNA molecule or equivalent RNA molecules encoding one or
more proteins or protein subunits, or activity of one or more
proteins or protein subunits is up regulated or down regulated,
such that expression, level, or activity is greater than or less
than that observed in the absence of the modulator. For example,
the term "modulate" can mean "inhibit," but the use of the word
"modulate" is not limited to this definition.
[0109] By "inhibit" it is meant that the activity of a gene
expression product or level of RNAs or equivalent RNAs encoding one
or more gene products is reduced below that observed in the absence
of the nucleic acid molecule of the invention. In one embodiment,
inhibition with a siRNA molecule preferably is below that level
observed in the presence of an inactive or attenuated molecule that
is unable to mediate an RNAi response. In another embodiment,
inhibition of gene expression with the siRNA molecule of the
instant invention is greater in the presence of the siRNA molecule
than in its absence.
[0110] By "gene" or "target gene" is meant, a nucleic acid that
encodes an RNA, for example, nucleic acid sequences including, but
not limited to, structural genes encoding a polypeptide. The target
gene can be a gene derived from a cell, an endogenous gene, a
transgene, or exogenous genes such as genes of a pathogen, for
example a virus, which is present in the cell after infection
thereof. The cell containing the target gene can be derived from or
contained in any organism, for example a plant, animal, protozoan,
virus, bacterium, or fungus. Non-limiting examples of plants
include monocots, dicots, or gymnosperms. Non-limiting examples of
animals include vertebrates or invertebrates. Non-limiting examples
of fungi include molds or yeasts.
[0111] By "NOGO" as used herein is meant, any protein, peptide, or
polypeptide, having neurite outgrowth inhibitor activity.
[0112] By "NOGOr" as used herein is meant, any protein, peptide, or
polypeptide having neurite outgrowth inhibitor receptor.
[0113] By "highly conserved sequence region" is meant, a nucleotide
sequence of one or more regions in a target gene does not vary
significantly from one generation to the other or from one
biological system to the other.
[0114] By "complementarity" or "complementary" is meant that a
nucleic acid can form hydrogen bond(s) with another nucleic acid
sequence by either traditional Watson-Crick or other
non-traditional types of interaction. In reference to the nucleic
molecules of the present invention, the binding free energy for a
nucleic acid molecule with its complementary sequence is sufficient
to allow the relevant function of the nucleic acid to proceed,
e.g., RNAi activity. For example, the degree of complementarity
between the sense and antisense strand of the siRNA construct can
be the same or different from the degree of complementarity between
the antisense strand of the siRNA and the target RNA sequence.
Complementarity to the target sequence of less than 100% in the
antisense strand of the siRNA duplex, including point mutations, is
reported not to be tolerated when these changes are located between
the 3'-end and the middle of the antisense siRNA (completely
abolishes siRNA activity), whereas mutations near the 5'-end of the
antisense siRNA strand can exhibit a small degree of RNAi activity
(Elbashir et al., 2001, The EMBO Journal, 20, 6877-6888).
Determination of binding free energies for nucleic acid molecules
is well known in the art (see, e.g., Turner et al., 1987, CSH Symp.
Quant. Biol. LII pp. 123-133; Frier et al., 1986, Proc. Nat. Acad.
Sci. USA 83:9373-9377; Turner et al., 1987, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
109:3783-3785). A percent complementarity indicates the percentage
of contiguous residues in a nucleic acid molecule that can form
hydrogen bonds (e.g., Watson-Crick base pairing) with a second
nucleic acid sequence (e.g., 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 out of 10 being 50%,
60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% complementary). "Perfectly
complementary" means that all the contiguous residues of a nucleic
acid sequence will hydrogen bond with the same number of contiguous
residues in a second nucleic acid sequence.
[0115] The siRNA molecules of the invention represent a novel
therapeutic approach to treat a variety of pathologic indications,
including CNS injury and cerebrovascular accident (CVA, stroke),
Alzheimer's disease, dementia, multiple sclerosis (MS),
chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS), Parkinson's disease, ataxia, Huntington's disease,
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, muscular dystrophy, and/or other
neurodegenerative disease states which respond to the modulation of
NOGO and NOGO receptor expression and/or any other diseases or
conditions that are related to the levels of NOGO and/or NOGOr in a
cell or tissue, alone or in combination with other therapies. The
reduction of NOGO and/or NOGOr expression (specifically NOGO and/or
NOGOr RNA levels) and thus reduction in the level of the respective
protein relieves, to some extent, the symptoms of the disease or
condition.
[0116] In one embodiment of the present invention, each sequence of
a siRNA molecule of the invention is independently about 18 to
about 24 nucleotides in length, in specific embodiments about 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24 nucleotides in length. In another
embodiment, the siRNA duplexes of the invention independently
comprise between about 17 and about 23 (e.g., about 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, or 23) base pairs. In yet another embodiment, siRNA
molecules of the invention comprising hairpin or circular
structures are about 35 to about 55 (e.g., about 35, 35, 40, 45,
50, or 55) nucleotides in length, or about 38 to about 44 (e.g.,
about 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, or 44) nucleotides in length and
comprising about 16 to about 22 (e.g., about 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, or 22) base pairs. Exemplary siRNA molecules of the invention
are shown in Table I, Table II (all sequences are shown 5'-3')
and/or FIGS. 4 and 5.
[0117] As used herein "cell" is used in its usual biological sense,
and does not refer to an entire multicellular organism, e.g.,
specifically does not refer to a human. The cell can be present in
an organism, e.g., mammals such as humans, cows, sheep, apes,
monkeys, swine, dogs, and cats. The cell can be eukaryotic (e.g., a
mammalian cell). The cell can be of somatic or germ line origin,
totipotent or pluripotent, dividing or non-dividing. The cell can
also be derived from or can comprise a gamete or embryo, a stem
cell, or a fully differentiated cell.
[0118] The siRNA molecules of the invention are added directly, or
can be complexed with cationic lipids, packaged within liposomes,
or otherwise delivered to target cells or tissues. The nucleic acid
or nucleic acid complexes can be locally administered to relevant
tissues ex vivo, or in vivo through injection, infusion pump or
stent, with or without their incorporation in biopolymers. In
particular embodiments, the nucleic acid molecules of the invention
comprise sequences shown in Table I, Table II and/or FIGS. 4 and 5.
Examples of such nucleic acid molecules consist essentially of
sequences defined in this table.
[0119] In another aspect, the invention provides mammalian cells
containing one or more siRNA molecules of this invention. The one
or more siRNA molecules can independently be targeted to the same
or different sites.
[0120] By "RNA" is meant a molecule comprising at least one
ribonucleotide residue. By "ribonucleotide" is meant a nucleotide
with a hydroxyl group at the 2' position of a
.beta.-D-ribo-furanose moiety. The terms include double stranded
RNA, single stranded RNA, isolated RNA such as partially purified
RNA, essentially pure RNA, synthetic RNA, recombinantly produced
RNA, as well as altered RNA that differs from naturally occurring
RNA by the addition, deletion, substitution and/or alteration of
one or more nucleotides. Such alterations can include addition of
non-nucleotide material, such as to the end(s) of the siRNA or
internally, for example at one or more nucleotides of the RNA.
Nucleotides in the RNA molecules of the instant invention can also
comprise non-standard nucleotides, such as non-naturally occurring
nucleotides or chemically synthesized nucleotides or
deoxynucleotides. These altered RNAs can be referred to as analogs
or analogs of naturally-occurring RNA.
[0121] By "subject" is meant an organism, which is a donor or
recipient of explanted cells or the cells themselves. "Subject"
also refers to an organism to which the nucleic acid molecules of
the invention can be administered. In one embodiment, a subject is
a mammal or mammalian cells. In another embodiment, a subject is a
human or human cells.
[0122] The term "phosphorothioate" as used herein refers to an
internucleotide linkage having Formula I, wherein Z and/or W
comprise a sulfur atom. Hence, the term phosphorothioate refers to
both phosphorothioate and phosphorodithioate internucleotide
linkages.
[0123] The term "universal base" as used herein refers to
nucleotide base analogs that form base pairs with each of the
natural DNA/RNA bases with little discrimination between them.
Non-limiting examples of universal bases include C-phenyl,
C-naphthyl and other aromatic derivatives, inosine, azole
carboxamides, and nitroazole derivatives such as 3-nitropyrrole,
4-nitroindole, 5-nitroindole, and 6-nitroindole as known in the art
(see for example Loakes, 2001, Nucleic Acids Research, 29,
2437-2447).
[0124] The nucleic acid molecules of the instant invention,
individually, or in combination or in conjunction with other drugs,
can be used to treat diseases or conditions discussed herein. For
example, to treat a particular disease or condition, the siRNA
molecules can be administered to a subject or can be administered
to other appropriate cells evident to those skilled in the art,
individually or in combination with one or more drugs under
conditions suitable for the treatment.
[0125] In a further embodiment, the siRNA molecules can be used in
combination with other known treatments to treat conditions or
diseases discussed above. For example, the described molecules
could be used in combination with one or more known therapeutic
agents to treat a disease or condition. Non-limiting examples of
other therapeutic agents that can be readily combined with a siRNA
molecule of the invention are enzymatic nucleic acid molecules,
allosteric nucleic acid molecules, antisense, decoy, or aptamer
nucleic acid molecules, antibodies such as monoclonal antibodies,
small molecules, and other organic and/or inorganic compounds
including metals, salts and ions.
[0126] In one embodiment, the invention features an expression
vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one
siRNA molecule of the invention, in a manner which allows
expression of the siRNA molecule. For example, the vector can
contain sequence(s) encoding both strands of a siRNA molecule
comprising a duplex. The vector can also contain sequence(s)
encoding a single nucleic acid molecule that is self complementary
and thus forms a siRNA molecule. Non-limiting examples of such
expression vectors are described in Paul et al., 2002, Nature
Biotechnology, 19, 505; Miyagishi and Taira, 2002, Nature
Biotechnology, 19, 497; Lee et al., 2002, Nature Biotechnology, 19,
500; and Novina et al., 2002, Nature Medicine, advance online
publication doi:10.1038/nm725.
[0127] In another embodiment, the invention features a mammalian
cell, for example, a human cell, including an expression vector of
the invention.
[0128] In yet another embodiment, the expression vector of the
invention comprises a sequence for a siRNA molecule having
complementarity to a RNA molecule referred to by a Genbank
Accession numbers, for example genes such as Genbank Accession Nos.
AJ251383 (NOGO-A), AJ251384 (NOGO-B), AJ251385 (NOGO-C), AF283463
(NOGOr), M29273 (myelin associated glycoprotein), X98085
(tenascin-R) and/or X61945 (NG-2).
[0129] In one embodiment, an expression vector of the invention
comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding two or more siRNA
molecules, which can be the same or different.
[0130] In another aspect of the invention, siRNA molecules that
interact with target RNA molecules and down-regulate gene encoding
target RNA molecules (for example target RNA molecules referred to
by Genbank Accession numbers herein) are expressed from
transcription units inserted into DNA or RNA vectors. The
recombinant vectors can be DNA plasmids or viral vectors. siRNA
expressing viral vectors can be constructed based on, but not
limited to, adeno-associated virus, retrovirus, adenovirus, or
alphavirus. The recombinant vectors capable of expressing the siRNA
molecules can be delivered as described herein, and persist in
target cells. Alternatively, viral vectors can be used that provide
for transient expression of siRNA molecules. Such vectors can be
repeatedly administered as necessary. Once expressed, the siRNA
molecules bind and down-regulate gene function or expression via
RNA interference (RNAi). Delivery of siRNA expressing vectors can
be systemic, such as by intravenous or intramuscular
administration, by administration to target cells ex-planted from a
subject followed by reintroduction into the subject, or by any
other means that would allow for introduction into the desired
target cell.
[0131] By "vectors" is meant any nucleic acid- and/or viral-based
technique used to deliver a desired nucleic acid.
[0132] By "comprising" is meant including, but not limited to,
whatever follows the word "comprising". Thus, use of the term
"comprising" indicates that the listed elements are required or
mandatory, but that other elements are optional and may or may not
be present. By "consisting of" is meant including, and limited to,
whatever follows the phrase "consisting of". Thus, the phrase
"consisting of" indicates that the listed elements are required or
mandatory, and that no other elements may be present. By
"consisting essentially of" is meant including any elements listed
after the phrase, and limited to other elements that do not
interfere with or contribute to the activity or action specified in
the disclosure for the listed elements. Thus, the phrase
"consisting essentially of" indicates that the listed elements are
required or mandatory, but that other elements are optional and may
or may not be present depending upon whether or not they affect the
activity or action of the listed elements.
[0133] Other features and advantages of the invention will be
apparent from the following description of the preferred
embodiments thereof, and from the claims.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0134] First the drawings will be described briefly.
DRAWINGS
[0135] FIG. 1 shows a non-limiting example of a scheme for the
synthesis of siRNA molecules. The complementary siRNA sequence
strands, strand 1 and strand 2, are synthesized in tandem and are
connected by a cleavable linkage, such as a nucleotide succinate or
abasic succinate, which can be the same or different from the
cleavable linker used for solid phase synthesis on a solid support.
The synthesis can be either solid phase or solution phase, in the
example shown, the synthesis is a solid phase synthesis. The
synthesis is performed such that a protecting group, such as a
dimethoxytrityl group, remains intact on the terminal nucleotide of
the tandem oligonucleotide. Upon cleavage and deprotection of the
oligonucleotide, the two siRNA strands spontaneously hybridize to
form a siRNA duplex, which allows the purification of the duplex by
utilizing the properties of the terminal protecting group, for
example by applying a trityl on purification method wherein only
duplexes/oligonucleotides with the terminal protecting group are
isolated.
[0136] FIG. 2 shows a MALDI-TOV mass spectrum of a purified siRNA
duplex synthesized by a method of the invention. The two peaks
shown correspond to the predicted mass of the separate siRNA
sequence strands. This result demonstrates that the siRNA duplex
generated from tandem synthesis can be purified as a single entity
using a simple trityl-on purification methodology.
[0137] FIG. 3 shows a non-limiting proposed mechanistic
representation of target RNA degradation involved in RNAi. Double
stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is generated by RNA dependent RNA
polymerase (RdRP) from foreign single stranded RNA, for example
viral, transposon, or other exogenous RNA, activates the DICER
enzyme which in turn generates siRNA duplexes having terminal
phosphate groups (P). An active siRNA complex forms which
recognizes a target RNA, resulting in degradation of the target RNA
by the RISC endonuclease complex or in the synthesis of additional
RNA by RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), which can activate
DICER and result in additional siRNA molecules, thereby amplifying
the RNAi response.
[0138] FIG. 4 shows non-limiting examples of chemically modified
siRNA constructs of the present invention. In the figure, N stands
for any nucleotide (adenosine, guanosine, cytosine, uridine, or
optionally thymidine, for example thymidine can be substituted in
the overhanging regions designated by parenthesis (N N). Various
modifications are shown for the sense and antisense strands of the
siRNA constructs. A The sense strand comprises 21 nucleotides
having four phosphorothioate 5' and 3'-terminal internucleotide
linkages, wherein the two terminal 3'-nucleotides are optionally
base paired and wherein all pyrimidine nucleotides that may be
present are 2'-O-methyl modified nucleotides except for (N N)
nucleotides, which can comprise naturally occurring
ribonucleotides, deoxynucleotides, universal bases, or other
chemical modifications described herein. The antisense strand
comprises 21 nucleotides, wherein the two terminal 3'-nucleotides
are optionally complimentary to the target RNA sequence, and having
one 3'-terminal phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage and four
5'-terminal phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages and wherein
all pyrimidine nucleotides that may be present are
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro modified nucleotides except for (N N)
nucleotides, which can comprise naturally occurring
ribonucleotides, deoxynucleotides, universal bases, or other
chemical modifications described herein. B The sense strand
comprises 21 nucleotides wherein the two terminal 3'-nucleotides
are optionally base paired and wherein all pyrimidine nucleotides
that may be present are 2'-O-methyl modified nucleotides except for
(N N) nucleotides, which can comprise naturally occurring
ribonucleotides, deoxynucleotides, universal bases, or other
chemical modifications described herein. The antisense strand
comprises 21 nucleotides, wherein the two terminal 3'-nucleotides
are optionally complimentary to the target RNA sequence, and
wherein all pyrimidine nucleotides that may be present are
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro modified nucleotides except for (N N)
nucleotides, which can comprise naturally occurring
ribonucleotides, deoxynucleotides, universal bases, or other
chemical modifications described herein. C The sense strand
comprises 21 nucleotides having 5'- and 3'-terminal cap moieties
wherein the two terminal 3'-nucleotides are optionally base paired
and wherein all pyrimidine nucleotides that may be present are
2'-O-methyl modified nucleotides except for (N N) nucleotides,
which can comprise naturally occurring ribonucleotides,
deoxynucleotides, universal bases, or other chemical modifications
described herein. The antisense strand comprises 21 nucleotides,
wherein the two terminal 3'-nucleotides are optionally
complimentary to the target RNA sequence, and wherein all
pyrimidine nucleotides that may be present are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro
modified nucleotides except for (N N) nucleotides, which can
comprise naturally occurring ribonucleotides, deoxynucleotides,
universal bases, or other chemical modifications described herein.
D The sense strand comprises 21 nucleotides having five
phosphorothioate 5' and 3'-terminal internucleotide linkages,
wherein the two terminal 3'-nucleotides are optionally base paired
and wherein all nucleotides are ribonucleotides except for (N N)
nucleotides, which can comprise naturally occurring
ribonucleotides, deoxynucleotides, universal bases, or other
chemical modifications described herein. The antisense strand
comprises 21 nucleotides, wherein the two terminal 3'-nucleotides
are optionally complimentary to the target RNA sequence, and having
one 3'-terminal phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage and five
5'-terminal phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages and wherein
all nucleotides are ribonucleotides except for (N N) nucleotides,
which can comprise naturally occurring ribonucleotides,
deoxynucleotides, universal bases, or other chemical modifications
described herein. E The sense strand comprises 21 nucleotides
wherein the two terminal 3'-nucleotides are optionally base paired
and wherein all pyrimidine nucleotides that may be present are
2'-O-methyl nucleotides except for (N N) nucleotides, which can
comprise naturally occurring ribonucleotides, deoxynucleotides,
universal bases, or other chemical modifications described herein.
The antisense strand comprises 21 nucleotides all having
phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, wherein the two terminal
3'-nucleotides are optionally complimentary to the target RNA
sequence, and wherein all nucleotides are ribonucleotides except
for (N N) nucleotides, which can comprise naturally occurring
ribonucleotides, deoxynucleotides, universal bases, or other
chemical modifications described herein. F The sense strand
comprises 21 nucleotides having 5'- and 3'-terminal cap moieties,
wherein the two terminal 3'-nucleotides are optionally base paired
and wherein all pyrimidine nucleotides that may be present are
2'-O-methyl nucleotides except for (N N) nucleotides, which can
comprise naturally occurring ribonucleotides, deoxynucleotides,
universal bases, or other chemical modifications described herein.
The antisense strand comprises 21 nucleotides, wherein the two
terminal 3'-nucleotides are optionally complimentary to the target
RNA sequence, and having one 3'-terminal phosphorothioate
internucleotide linkage and wherein all pyrimidine nucleotides that
may be present are 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro nucleotides except for (N N)
nucleotides, which can comprise naturally occurring
ribonucleotides, deoxynucleotides, universal bases, or other
chemical modifications described herein. The antisense strand of
constructs A-F comprise sequence complimentary to target RNA
sequence of the invention.
[0139] FIG. 5 shows non-limiting examples of specific chemically
modified siRNA sequences of the invention. A-F applies the chemical
modifications described in FIG. 4A-F to a NOGOr siRNA sequence.
[0140] FIG. 6 shows non-limiting examples of different siRNA
constructs of the invention. The examples shown (constructs 1, 2,
and 3) have 19 representative base pairs, however, different
embodiments of the invention include any number of base pairs
described herein. Bracketed regions represent nucleotide overhangs,
for example comprising between about 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleotides in
length, preferably about 2 nucleotides. Constructs 1 and 2 can be
used independently for RNAi activity. Construct 2 can comprise a
polynucleotide or non-nucleotide linker, which can optionally be
designed as a biodegradable linker. In one embodiment, the loop
structure shown in construct 2 can comprise a biodegradable linker
that results in the formation of construct 1 in vivo and/or in
vitro. In another example, construct 3 can be used to generate
construct 2 under the same principle wherein a linker is used to
generate the active siRNA construct 2 in vivo and/ or in vitro,
which can optionally utilize another biodegradable linker to
generate the active siRNA construct 1 in vivo and/or in vitro. As
such, the stability and/or activity of the siRNA constructs can be
modulated based on the design of the siRNA construct for use in
vivo or in vitro and/or in vitro.
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES OF THE INVENTION
[0141] RNA interference refers to the process of sequence specific
post transcriptional gene silencing in animals mediated by short
interfering RNAs (siRNA) (Fire et al., 1998, Nature, 391, 806). The
corresponding process in plants is commonly referred to as post
transcriptional gene silencing or RNA silencing and is also
referred to as quelling in fungi. The process of post
transcriptional gene silencing is thought to be an evolutionarily
conserved cellular defense mechanism used to prevent the expression
of foreign genes which is commonly shared by diverse flora and
phyla (Fire et al., 1999, Trends Genet., 15, 358). Such protection
from foreign gene expression may have evolved in response to the
production of double stranded RNAs (dsRNA) derived from viral
infection or the random integration of transposon elements into a
host genome via a cellular response that specifically destroys
homologous single stranded RNA or viral genomic RNA. The presence
of dsRNA in cells triggers the RNAi response though a mechanism
that has yet to be fully characterized. This mechanism appears to
be different from the interferon response that results from dsRNA
mediated activation of protein kinase PKR and 2',5'-oligoadenylate
synthetase resulting in non-specific cleavage of mRNA by
ribonuclease L.
[0142] The presence of long dsRNAs in cells stimulates the activity
of a ribonuclease III enzyme referred to as dicer. Dicer is
involved in the processing of the dsRNA into short pieces of dsRNA
known as short interfering RNAs (siRNA) (Berstein et al., 2001,
Nature, 409, 363). Short interfering RNAs derived from dicer
activity are typically about 21-23 nucleotides in length and
comprise about 19 base pair duplexes. Dicer has also been
implicated in the excision of 21 and 22 nucleotide small temporal
RNAs (stRNA) from precursor RNA of conserved structure that are
implicated in translational control (Hutvagner et al., 2001,
Science, 293, 834). The RNAi response also features an endonuclease
complex containing a siRNA, commonly referred to as an RNA-induced
silencing complex (RISC), which mediates cleavage of single
stranded RNA having sequence homologous to the siRNA. Cleavage of
the target RNA takes place in the middle of the region
complementary to the guide sequence of the siRNA duplex (Elbashir
et al., 2001, Genes Dev., 15, 188).
[0143] Short interfering RNA mediated RNAi has been studied in a
variety of systems. Fire et al., 1998, Nature, 391, 806, were the
first to observe RNAi in C. Elegans. Wianny and Goetz, 1999, Nature
Cell Biol., 2, 70, describes RNAi mediated by dsRNA in mouse
embryos. Hammond et al., 2000, Nature, 404, 293, describe RNAi in
Drosophila cells transfected with dsRNA. Elbashir et al., 2001,
Nature, 411, 494, describe RNAi induced by introduction of duplexes
of synthetic 21-nucleotide RNAs in cultured mammalian cells
including human embryonic kidney and HeLa cells. Recent work in
Drosophila embryonic lysates has revealed certain requirements for
siRNA length, structure, chemical composition, and sequence that
are essential to mediate efficient RNAi activity. These studies
have shown that 21 nucleotide siRNA duplexes are most active when
containing two nucleotide 3'-overhangs. Furthermore, substitution
of one or both siRNA strands with 2'-deoxy or 2'-O-methyl
nucleotides abolishes RNAi activity, whereas substitution of
3'-terminal siRNA nucleotides with deoxy nucleotides was shown to
be tolerated. Mismatch sequences in the center of the siRNA duplex
were also shown to abolish RNAi activity. In addition, these
studies also indicate that the position of the cleavage site in the
target RNA is defined by the 5'-end of the siRNA guide sequence
rather than the 3'-end (Elbashir et al., 2001, EMBO J., 20, 6877).
Other studies have indicated that a 5'-phosphate on the
target-complementary strand of a siRNA duplex is required for siRNA
activity and that ATP is utilized to maintain the 5'-phosphate
moiety on the siRNA (Nykanen et al., 2001, Cell, 107, 309), however
siRNA molecules lacking a 5'-phosphate are active when introduced
exogenously, suggesting that 5'-phosphorylation of siRNA constructs
may occur in vivo.
[0144] Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Molecules
[0145] Synthesis of nucleic acids greater than 100 nucleotides in
length is difficult using automated methods, and the therapeutic
cost of such molecules is prohibitive. In this invention, small
nucleic acid motifs ("small" refers to nucleic acid motifs no more
than 100 nucleotides in length, preferably no more than 80
nucleotides in length, and most preferably no more than 50
nucleotides in length; e.g., individual siRNA oligonucleotide
sequences or siRNA sequences synthesized in tandem) are preferably
used for exogenous delivery. The simple structure of these
molecules increases the ability of the nucleic acid to invade
targeted regions of protein and/or RNA structure. Exemplary
molecules of the instant invention are chemically synthesized, and
others can similarly be synthesized.
[0146] Oligonucleotides (e.g., certain modified oligonucleotides or
portions of oligonucleotides lacking ribonucleotides) are
synthesized using protocols known in the art, for example as
described in Caruthers et al., 1992, Methods in Enzymology 211,
3-19, Thompson et al., International PCT Publication No. WO
99/54459, Wincott et al., 1995, Nucleic Acids Res. 23, 2677-2684,
Wincott et al., 1997, Methods Mol. Bio., 74, 59, Brennan et al.,
1998, Biotechnol Bioeng., 61, 33-45, and Brennan, U.S. Pat. No.
6,001,311. All of these references are incorporated herein by
reference. The synthesis of oligonucleotides makes use of common
nucleic acid protecting and coupling groups, such as
dimethoxytrityl at the 5'-end, and phosphoramidites at the 3'-end.
In a non-limiting example, small scale syntheses are conducted on a
394 Applied Biosystems, Inc. synthesizer using a 0.2 .mu.mol scale
protocol with a 2.5 min coupling step for 2'-O-methylated
nucleotides and a 45 sec coupling step for 2'-deoxy nucleotides or
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro nucleotides. Table III outlines the amounts and
the contact times of the reagents used in the synthesis cycle.
Alternatively, syntheses at the 0.2 .mu.mol scale can be performed
on a 96-well plate synthesizer, such as the instrument produced by
Protogene (Palo Alto, Calif.) with minimal modification to the
cycle. A 33-fold excess (60 .mu.L of 0.11 M=6.6 .mu.mol) of
2'-O-methyl phosphoramidite and a 105-fold excess of S-ethyl
tetrazole (60 .mu.L of 0.25 M=15 .mu.mol) can be used in each
coupling cycle of 2'-O-methyl residues relative to polymer-bound
5'-hydroxyl. A 22-fold excess (40 .mu.L of 0.11 M=4.4 .mu.mol) of
deoxy phosphoramidite and a 70-fold excess of S-ethyl tetrazole (40
.mu.L of 0.25 M=10 .mu.mol) can be used in each coupling cycle of
deoxy residues relative to polymer-bound 5'-hydroxyl. Average
coupling yields on the 394 Applied Biosystems, Inc. synthesizer,
determined by colorimetric quantitation of the trityl fractions,
are typically 97.5-99%. Other oligonucleotide synthesis reagents
for the 394 Applied Biosystems, Inc. synthesizer include the
following: detritylation solution is 3% TCA in methylene chloride
(ABI); capping is performed with 16% N-methyl imidazole in THF
(ABI) and 10% acetic anhydride/10% 2,6-lutidine in THF (ABI); and
oxidation solution is 16.9 mM 12, 49 mM pyridine, 9% water in THF
(PERSEPTIVE.TM.). Burdick & Jackson Synthesis Grade
acetonitrile is used directly from the reagent bottle.
S-Ethyltetrazole solution (0.25 M in acetonitrile) is made up from
the solid obtained from American International Chemical, Inc.
Alternately, for the introduction of phosphorothioate linkages,
Beaucage reagent (3H-1,2-Benzodithiol-3-one 1,1-dioxide, 0.05 M in
acetonitrile) is used.
[0147] Deprotection of the DNA-based oligonucleotides is performed
as follows: the polymer-bound trityl-on oligoribonucleotide is
transferred to a 4 mL glass screw top vial and suspended in a
solution of 40% aq. methylamine (1 mL) at 65.degree. C. for 10 min.
After cooling to -20.degree. C., the supernatant is removed from
the polymer support. The support is washed three times with 1.0 mL
of EtOH:MeCN:H2O/3:1:1, vortexed and the supernatant is then added
to the first supernatant. The combined supernatants, containing the
oligoribonucleotide, are dried to a white powder.
[0148] The method of synthesis used for RNA including certain siRNA
molecules of the invention follows the procedure as described in
Usman et al., 1987, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 109, 7845; Scaringe et al.,
1990, Nucleic Acids Res., 18, 5433; and Wincott et al., 1995,
Nucleic Acids Res. 23, 2677-2684 Wincott et al., 1997, Methods Mol.
Bio., 74, 59, and makes use of common nucleic acid protecting and
coupling groups, such as dimethoxytrityl at the 5'-end, and
phosphoramidites at the 3'-end. In a non-limiting example, small
scale syntheses are conducted on a 394 Applied Biosystems, Inc.
synthesizer using a 0.2 .mu.mol scale protocol with a 7.5 min
coupling step for alkylsilyl protected nucleotides and a 2.5 min
coupling step for 2'-O-methylated nucleotides. Table III outlines
the amounts and the contact times of the reagents used in the
synthesis cycle. Alternatively, syntheses at the 0.2 .mu.mol scale
can be done on a 96-well plate synthesizer, such as the instrument
produced by Protogene (Palo Alto, Calif.) with minimal modification
to the cycle. A 33-fold excess (60 .mu.L of 0.11 M=6.6 .mu.mol) of
2'-O-methyl phosphoramidite and a 75-fold excess of S-ethyl
tetrazole (60 .mu.L of 0.25 M=15 .mu.mol) can be used in each
coupling cycle of 2'-O-methyl residues relative to polymer-bound
5'-hydroxyl. A 66-fold excess (120 .mu.L of 0.11 M=13.2 .mu.mol) of
alkylsilyl (ribo) protected phosphoramidite and a 150-fold excess
of S-ethyl tetrazole (120 .mu.L of 0.25 M=30 .mu.mol) can be used
in each coupling cycle of ribo residues relative to polymer-bound
5'-hydroxyl. Average coupling yields on the 394 Applied Biosystems,
Inc. synthesizer, determined by colorimetric quantitation of the
trityl fractions, are typically 97.5-99%. Other oligonucleotide
synthesis reagents for the 394 Applied Biosystems, Inc. synthesizer
include the following: detritylation solution is 3% TCA in
methylene chloride (ABI); capping is performed with 16% N-methyl
imidazole in THF (ABI) and 10% acetic anhydride/10% 2,6-lutidine in
THF (ABI); oxidation solution is 16.9 mM 12, 49 mM pyridine, 9%
water in THF (PERSEPTIVE.TM.). Burdick & Jackson Synthesis
Grade acetonitrile is used directly from the reagent bottle.
S-Ethyltetrazole solution (0.25 M in acetonitrile) is made up from
the solid obtained from American International Chemical, Inc.
Alternately, for the introduction of phosphorothioate linkages,
Beaucage reagent (3H-1,2-Benzodithiol-3-one 1,1-dioxide0.05 M in
acetonitrile) is used.
[0149] Deprotection of the RNA is performed using either a two-pot
or one-pot protocol. For the two-pot protocol, the polymer-bound
trityl-on oligoribonucleotide is transferred to a 4 mL glass screw
top vial and suspended in a solution of 40% aq. methylamine (1 mL)
at 65.degree. C. for 10 min. After cooling to -20.degree. C., the
supernatant is removed from the polymer support. The support is
washed three times with 1.0 mL of EtOH:MeCN:H2O/3:1:1, vortexed and
the supernatant is then added to the first supernatant. The
combined supernatants, containing the oligoribonucleotide, are
dried to a white powder. The base deprotected oligoribonucleotide
is resuspended in anhydrous TEA/HF/NMP solution (300 .mu.L of a
solution of 1.5 mL N-methylpyrrolidinone, 750 .mu.L TEA and 1 mL
TEA-3HF to provide a 1.4 M HF concentration) and heated to
65.degree. C. After 1.5 h, the oligomer is quenched with 1.5 M
NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3.
[0150] Alternatively, for the one-pot protocol, the polymer-bound
trityl-on oligoribonucleotide is transferred to a 4 mL glass screw
top vial and suspended in a solution of 33% ethanolic
methylamine/DMSO: 1/1 (0.8 mL) at 65.degree. C. for 15 min. The
vial is brought to r.t. TEA.3HF (0.1 mL) is added and the vial is
heated at 65.degree. C. for 15 min. The sample is cooled at
-20.degree. C. and then quenched with 1.5 M NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3.
[0151] For purification of the trityl-on oligomers, the quenched
NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3 solution is loaded onto a C-18 containing
cartridge that had been prewashed with acetonitrile followed by 50
mM TEAA. After washing the loaded cartridge with water, the RNA is
detritylated with 0.5% TFA for 13 min. The cartridge is then washed
again with water, salt exchanged with 1 M NaCl and washed with
water again. The oligonucleotide is then eluted with 30%
acetonitrile.
[0152] The average stepwise coupling yields are typically >98%
(Wincott et al., 1995 Nucleic Acids Res. 23, 2677-2684). Those of
ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the scale of
synthesis can be adapted to be larger or smaller than the example
described above including but not limited to 96-well format, all
that is important is the ratio of chemicals used in the
reaction.
[0153] Alternatively, the nucleic acid molecules of the present
invention can be synthesized separately and joined together
post-synthetically, for example, by ligation (Moore et al., 1992,
Science 256, 9923; Draper et al., International PCT publication No.
WO 93/23569; Shabarova et al., 1991, Nucleic Acids Research 19,
4247; Bellon et al., 1997, Nucleosides & Nucleotides, 16, 951;
Bellon et al., 1997, Bioconjugate Chem. 8, 204), or by
hybridization following synthesis and/or deprotection.
[0154] The siRNA molecules of the invention can also be synthesized
via a tandem synthesis methodology as described in Example 1
herein, wherein both siRNA strands are synthesized as a single
contiguous oligonucleotide fragment or strand separated by a
cleavable linker which is subsequently cleaved to provide separate
siRNA fragements or strands that hybridize and permit purification
of the siRNA duplex. The linker can be a polynucleotide linker or a
non-nucleotide linker. The tandem synthesis of siRNA as described
herein can be readily adapted to both multiwell/multiplate
synthesis platforms such as 96 well or similarly larger multi-well
platforms. The tandem synthesis of siRNA as described herein can
also be readily adapted to large scale synthesis platforms
employing batch reactors, synthesis columns and the like.
[0155] An siRNA molecule can also be assembled from two distinct
nucleic acid fragments or strands wherein one fragment includes the
sense region and the second fragment includes the antisense region
of the RNA molecule.
[0156] The nucleic acid molecules of the present invention can be
modified extensively to enhance stability by modification with
nuclease resistant groups, for example, 2'-amino, 2'-C-allyl,
2'-flouro, 2'-O-methyl, 2'-H (for a review see Usman and Cedergren,
1992, TIBS 17, 34; Usman et al., 1994, Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 31,
163). siRNA constructs can be purified by gel electrophoresis using
general methods or can be purified by high pressure liquid
chromatography (HPLC; see Wincott et al., supra, the totality of
which is hereby incorporated herein by reference) and re-suspended
in water.
[0157] In another aspect of the invention, siRNA molecules of the
invention are expressed from transcription units inserted into DNA
or RNA vectors. The recombinant vectors can be DNA plasmids or
viral vectors. siRNA expressing viral vectors can be constructed
based on, but not limited to, adeno-associated virus, retrovirus,
adenovirus, or alphavirus. The recombinant vectors capable of
expressing the siRNA molecules can be delivered as described
herein, and persist in target cells. Alternatively, viral vectors
can be used that provide for transient expression of siRNA
molecules.
[0158] Optimizing Activity of the Nucleic Acid Molecule of the
Invention.
[0159] Chemically synthesizing nucleic acid molecules with
modifications (base, sugar and/or phosphate) can prevent their
degradation by serum ribonucleases, which can increase their
potency (see e.g., Eckstein et al., International Publication No.
WO 92/07065; Perrault et al., 1990 Nature 344, 565; Pieken et al.,
1991, Science 253, 314; Usman and Cedergren, 1992, Trends in
Biochem. Sci. 17, 334; Usman et al., International Publication No.
WO 93/15187; and Rossi et al., International Publication No. WO
91/03162; Sproat, U.S. Pat. No. 5,334,711; Gold et al., U.S. Pat.
No. 6,300,074; and Burgin et al., supra; all of which are
incorporated by reference herein). All of the above references
describe various chemical modifications that can be made to the
base, phosphate and/or sugar moieties of the nucleic acid molecules
described herein. Modifications that enhance their efficacy in
cells, and removal of bases from nucleic acid molecules to shorten
oligonucleotide synthesis times and reduce chemical requirements
are desired.
[0160] There are several examples in the art describing sugar, base
and phosphate modifications that can be introduced into nucleic
acid molecules with significant enhancement in their nuclease
stability and efficacy. For example, oligonucleotides are modified
to enhance stability and/or enhance biological activity by
modification with nuclease resistant groups, for example, 2'-amino,
2'-C-allyl, 2'-flouro, 2'-O-methyl, 2'-O-allyl, 2'-H, nucleotide
base modifications (for a review see Usman and Cedergren, 1992,
TIBS. 17, 34; Usman et al., 1994, Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 31, 163;
Burgin et al., 1996, Biochemistry, 35, 14090). Sugar modification
of nucleic acid molecules have been extensively described in the
art (see Eckstein et al., International Publication PCT No. WO
92/07065; Perrault et al. Nature, 1990, 344, 565-568; Pieken et al.
Science, 1991, 253, 314-317; Usman and Cedergren, Trends in
Biochem. Sci., 1992, 17, 334-339; Usman et al. International
Publication PCT No. WO 93/15187; Sproat, U.S. Pat. No. 5,334,711
and Beigelman et al., 1995, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 25702; Beigelman
et al., International PCT publication No. WO 97/26270; Beigelman et
al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,716,824; Usman et al., U.S. Pat. No.
5,627,053; Woolf et al., International PCT Publication No. WO
98/13526; Thompson et al., U.S. Ser. No. 60/082,404 which was filed
on Apr. 20, 1998; Karpeisky et al., 1998, Tetrahedron Lett., 39,
1131; Earnshaw and Gait, 1998, Biopolymers (Nucleic Acid Sciences),
48, 39-55; Verma and Eckstein, 1998, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 67,
99-134; and Burlina et al., 1997, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 5, 1999-2010;
all of the references are hereby incorporated in their totality by
reference herein). Such publications describe general methods and
strategies to determine the location of incorporation of sugar,
base and/or phosphate modifications and the like into nucleic acid
molecules without modulating catalysis, and are incorporated by
reference herein. In view of such teachings, similar modifications
can be used as described herein to modify the siRNA nucleic acid
molecules of the instant invention so long as the ability of siRNA
to promote RNAi is cells is not significantly inhibited.
[0161] While chemical modification of oligonucleotide
internucleotide linkages with phosphorothioate, phosphorothioate,
and/or 5'-methylphosphonate linkages improves stability, excessive
modifications can cause some toxicity or decreased activity.
Therefore, when designing nucleic acid molecules, the amount of
these internucleotide linkages should be minimized. The reduction
in the concentration of these linkages should lower toxicity,
resulting in increased efficacy and higher specificity of these
molecules.
[0162] Small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules having chemical
modifications that maintain or enhance activity are provided. Such
a nucleic acid is also generally more resistant to nucleases than
an unmodified nucleic acid. Accordingly, the in vitro and/or in
vivo activity should not be significantly lowered. In cases in
which modulation is the goal, therapeutic nucleic acid molecules
delivered exogenously should optimally be stable within cells until
translation of the target RNA has been modulated long enough to
reduce the levels of the undesirable protein. This period of time
varies between hours to days depending upon the disease state.
Improvements in the chemical synthesis of RNA and DNA (Wincott et
al., 1995 Nucleic Acids Res. 23, 2677; Caruthers et al., 1992,
Methods in Enzymology 211,3-19 (incorporated by reference herein))
have expanded the ability to modify nucleic acid molecules by
introducing nucleotide modifications to enhance their nuclease
stability, as described above.
[0163] In one embodiment, nucleic acid molecules of the invention
include one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or
more) G-clamp nucleotides. A G-clamp nucleotide is a modified
cytosine analog wherein the modifications confer the ability to
hydrogen bond both Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen faces of a
complementary guanine within a duplex, see for example Lin and
Matteucci, 1998, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, 8531-8532. A single
G-clamp analog substitution within an oligonucleotide can result in
substantially enhanced helical thermal stability and mismatch
discrimination when hybridized to complementary oligonucleotides.
The inclusion of such nucleotides in nucleic acid molecules of the
invention results in both enhanced affinity and specificity to
nucleic acid targets, complementary sequences, or template strands.
In another embodiment, nucleic acid molecules of the invention
include one or more (e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or
more) LNA "locked nucleic acid" nucleotides such as a 2', 4'-C
mythylene bicyclo nucleotide (see for example Wengel et al.,
International PCT Publication No. WO 00/66604 and WO 99/14226).
[0164] In another embodiment, the invention features conjugates
and/or complexes of siRNA molecules of the invention. Such
conjugates and/or complexes can be used to facilitate delivery of
siRNA molecules into a biological system, such as a cell. The
conjugates and complexes provided by the instant invention can
impart therapeutic activity by transferring therapeutic compounds
across cellular membranes, altering the pharmacokinetics, and/or
modulating the localization of nucleic acid molecules of the
invention. The present invention encompasses the design and
synthesis of novel conjugates and complexes for the delivery of
molecules, including, but not limited to, small molecules, lipids,
phospholipids, nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleic acids, antibodies,
toxins, negatively charged polymers and other polymers, for example
proteins, peptides, hormones, carbohydrates, polyethylene glycols,
or polyamines, across cellular membranes. . In general, the
transporters described are designed to be used either individually
or as part of a multi-component system, with or without degradable
linkers. These compounds are expected to improve delivery and/or
localization of nucleic acid molecules of the invention into a
number of cell types originating from different tissues, in the
presence or absence of serum (see Sullenger and Cech, U.S. Pat. No.
5,854,038). Conjugates of the molecules described herein can be
attached to biologically active molecules via linkers that are
biodegradable, such as biodegradable nucleic acid linker
molecules.
[0165] The term "biodegradable nucleic acid linker molecule" as
used herein, refers to a nucleic acid molecule that is designed as
a biodegradable linker to connect one molecule to another molecule,
for example, a biologically active molecule. The stability of the
biodegradable nucleic acid linker molecule can be modulated by
using various combinations of ribonucleotides,
deoxyribonucleotides, and chemically modified nucleotides, for
example, 2'-O-methyl, 2'-fluoro, 2'-amino, 2'-O-amino, 2'-C-allyl,
2'-O-allyl, and other 2'-modified or base modified nucleotides. The
biodegradable nucleic acid linker molecule can be a dimer, trimer,
tetramer or longer nucleic acid molecule, for example, an
oligonucleotide of about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 nucleotides in length, or can
comprise a single nucleotide with a phosphorus-based linkage, for
example, a phosphoramidate or phosphodiester linkage. The
biodegradable nucleic acid linker molecule can also comprise
nucleic acid backbone, nucleic acid sugar, or nucleic acid base
modifications.
[0166] The term "biodegradable" as used herein, refers to
degradation in a biological system, for example enzymatic
degradation or chemical degradation.
[0167] The term "biologically active molecule" as used herein,
refers to compounds or molecules that are capable of eliciting or
modifying a biological response in a system. Non-limiting examples
of biologically active siRNA molecules either alone or in
combination with othe molecules contemplated by the instant
invention include therapeutically active molecules such as
antibodies, hormones, antivirals, peptides, proteins,
chemotherapeutics, small molecules, vitamins, co-factors,
nucleosides, nucleotides, oligonucleotides, enzymatic nucleic
acids, antisense nucleic acids, triplex forming oligonucleotides,
2,5-A chimeras, siRNA, dsRNA, allozymes, aptamers, decoys and
analogs thereof. Biologically active molecules of the invention
also include molecules capable of modulating the pharmacokinetics
and/or pharmacodynamics of other biologically active molecules, for
example, lipids and polymers such as polyamines, polyamides,
polyethylene glycol and other polyethers.
[0168] The term "phospholipid" as used herein, refers to a
hydrophobic molecule comprising at least one phosphorus group. For
example, a phospholipid can comprise a phosphorus-containing group
and saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, optionally substituted
with OH, COOH, oxo, amine, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl
groups.
[0169] Therapeutic nucleic acid molecules (e.g., siRNA molecules)
delivered exogenously optimally are stable within cells until
reverse trascription of the RNA has been modulated long enough to
reduce the levels of the RNA transcript. The nucleic acid molecules
are resistant to nucleases in order to function as effective
intracellular therapeutic agents. Improvements in the chemical
synthesis of nucleic acid molecules described in the instant
invention and in the art have expanded the ability to modify
nucleic acid molecules by introducing nucleotide modifications to
enhance their nuclease stability as described above.
[0170] In yet another embodiment, siRNA molecules having chemical
modifications that maintain or enhance enzymatic activity of
proteins involved in RNAi are provided. Such nucleic acids are also
generally more resistant to nucleases than unmodified nucleic
acids. Thus, in vitro and/or in vivo the activity should not be
significantly lowered.
[0171] Use of the nucleic acid-based molecules of the invention
will lead to better treatment of the disease progression by
affording the possibility of combination therapies (e.g., multiple
siRNA molecules targeted to different genes; nucleic acid molecules
coupled with known small molecule modulators; or intermittent
treatment with combinations of molecules, including different
motifs and/or other chemical or biological molecules). The
treatment of subjects with siRNA molecules can also include
combinations of different types of nucleic acid molecules, such as
enzymatic nucleic acid molecules (ribozymes), allozymes, antisense,
2,5-A oligoadenylate, decoys, aptamers etc.
[0172] In another aspect a siRNA molecule of the invention
comprises one or more 5' and/or a 3'-cap structure, for example on
only the sense siRNA strand, antisense siRNA strand, or both siRNA
strands.
[0173] By "cap structure" is meant chemical modifications, which
have been incorporated at either terminus of the oligonucleotide
(see, for example, Adamic et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,998,203,
incorporated by reference herein). These terminal modifications
protect the nucleic acid molecule from exonuclease degradation, and
may help in delivery and/or localization within a cell. The cap may
be present at the 5'-terminus (5'-cap) or at the 3'-terminal
(3'-cap) or may be present on both termini. In non-limiting
examples: the 5'-cap is selected from the group comprising inverted
abasic residue (moiety); 4',5'-methylene nucleotide;
1-(beta-D-erythrofuranosyl) nucleotide, 4'-thio nucleotide;
carbocyclic nucleotide; 1,5-anhydrohexitol nucleotide;
L-nucleotides; alpha-nucleotides; modified base nucleotide;
phosphorodithioate linkage; threo-pentofuranosyl nucleotide;
acyclic 3',4'-seco nucleotide; acyclic 3,4-dihydroxybutyl
nucleotide; acyclic 3,5-dihydroxypentyl nucleotide, 3'-3'-inverted
nucleotide moiety; 3'-3'-inverted abasic moiety; 3'-2'-inverted
nucleotide moiety; 3'-2'-inverted abasic moiety; 1,4-butanediol
phosphate; 3'-phosphoramidate; hexylphosphate; aminohexyl
phosphate; 3'-phosphate; 3'-phosphorothioate; phosphorodithioate;
or bridging or non-bridging methylphosphonate moiety.
[0174] In yet another preferred embodiment, the 3'-cap is selected
from a group comprising, 4',5'-methylene nucleotide;
1-(beta-D-erythrofuranosyl) nucleotide; 4'-thio nucleotide,
carbocyclic nucleotide; 5'-amino-alkyl phosphate;
1,3-diamino-2-propyl phosphate; 3-aminopropyl phosphate;
6-aminohexyl phosphate; 1,2-aminododecyl phosphate; hydroxypropyl
phosphate; 1,5-anhydrohexitol nucleotide; L-nucleotide;
alpha-nucleotide; modified base nucleotide; phosphorodithioate;
threo-pentofuranosyl nucleotide; acyclic 3',4'-seco nucleotide;
3,4-dihydroxybutyl nucleotide; 3,5-dihydroxypentyl nucleotide,
5'-5'-inverted nucleotide moiety; 5'-5'-inverted abasic moiety;
5'-phosphoramidate; 5'-phosphorothioate; 1,4-butanediol phosphate;
5'-amino; bridging and/or non-bridging 5'-phosphoramidate,
phosphorothioate and/or phosphorodithioate, bridging or non
bridging methylphosphonate and 5'-mercapto moieties (for more
details see Beaucage and Iyer, 1993, Tetrahedron 49, 1925;
incorporated by reference herein).
[0175] By the term "non-nucleotide" is meant any group or compound
which can be incorporated into a nucleic acid chain in the place of
one or more nucleotide units, including either sugar and/or
phosphate substitutions, and allows the remaining bases to exhibit
their enzymatic activity. The group or compound is abasic in that
it does not contain a commonly recognized nucleotide base, such as
adenosine, guanine, cytosine, uracil or thymine and therefore lacks
a base at the 1'-position.
[0176] An "alkyl" group refers to a saturated aliphatic
hydrocarbon, including straight-chain, branched-chain, and cyclic
alkyl groups. Preferably, the alkyl group has 1 to 12 carbons. More
preferably, it is a lower alkyl of from 1 to 7 carbons, more
preferably 1 to 4 carbons. The alkyl group can be substituted or
unsubstituted. When substituted the substituted group(s) is
preferably, hydroxyl, cyano, alkoxy, .dbd.O, .dbd.S, NO.sub.2 or
N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, amino, or SH. The term also includes alkenyl
groups that are unsaturated hydrocarbon groups containing at least
one carbon-carbon double bond, including straight-chain,
branched-chain, and cyclic groups. Preferably, the alkenyl group
has 1 to 12 carbons. More preferably, it is a lower alkenyl of from
1 to 7 carbons, more preferably 1 to 4 carbons. The alkenyl group
may be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted the
substituted group(s) is preferably, hydroxyl, cyano, alkoxy,
.dbd.O, .dbd.S, NO.sub.2 halogen, N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, amino, or SH.
The term "alkyl" also includes alkynyl groups that have an
unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon
triple bond, including straight-chain, branched-chain, and cyclic
groups. Preferably, the alkynyl group has 1 to 12 carbons. More
preferably, it is a lower alkynyl of from 1 to 7 carbons, more
preferably 1 to 4 carbons. The alkynyl group may be substituted or
unsubstituted. When substituted the substituted group(s) is
preferably, hydroxyl, cyano, alkoxy, .dbd.O, .dbd.S, NO.sub.2 or
N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, amino or SH.
[0177] Such alkyl groups can also include aryl, alkylaryl,
carbocyclic aryl, heterocyclic aryl, amide and ester groups. An
"aryl" group refers to an aromatic group that has at least one ring
having a conjugated pi electron system and includes carbocyclic
aryl, heterocyclic aryl and biaryl groups, all of which may be
optionally substituted. The preferred substituent(s) of aryl groups
are halogen, trihalomethyl, hydroxyl, SH, OH, cyano, alkoxy, alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, and amino groups. An "alkylaryl" group refers to
an alkyl group (as described above) covalently joined to an aryl
group (as described above). Carbocyclic aryl groups are groups
wherein the ring atoms on the aromatic ring are all carbon atoms.
The carbon atoms are optionally substituted. Heterocyclic aryl
groups are groups having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms as ring atoms in
the aromatic ring and the remainder of the ring atoms are carbon
atoms. Suitable heteroatoms include oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen,
and include furanyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, N-lower alkyl
pyrrolo, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, imidazolyl and the like, all
optionally substituted. An "amide" refers to an --C(O)--NH--R,
where R is either alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or hydrogen. An "ester"
refers to an --C(O)--OR', where R is either alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl
or hydrogen.
[0178] By "nucleotide" as used herein is as recognized in the art
to include natural bases (standard), and modified bases well known
in the art. Such bases are generally located at the 1' position of
a nucleotide sugar moiety. Nucleotides generally comprise a base,
sugar and a phosphate group. The nucleotides can be unmodified or
modified at the sugar, phosphate and/or base moiety, (also referred
to interchangeably as nucleotide analogs, modified nucleotides,
non-natural nucleotides, non-standard nucleotides and other; see,
for example, Usman and McSwiggen, supra; Eckstein et al.,
International PCT Publication No. WO 92/07065; Usman et al.,
International PCT Publication No. WO 93/15187; Uhlman & Peyman,
supra, all are hereby incorporated by reference herein). There are
several examples of modified nucleic acid bases known in the art as
summarized by Limbach et al., 1994, Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 2183.
Some of the non-limiting examples of base modifications that can be
introduced into nucleic acid molecules include, inosine, purine,
pyridin-4-one, pyridin-2-one, phenyl, pseudouracil,
2,4,6-trimethoxy benzene, 3-methyl uracil, dihydrouridine,
naphthyl, aminophenyl, 5-alkylcytidines (e.g., 5-methylcytidine),
5-alkyluridines (e.g., ribothymidine), 5-halouridine (e.g.,
5-bromouridine) or 6-azapyrimidines or 6-alkylpyrimidines (e.g.
6-methyluridine), propyne, and others (Burgin et al., 1996,
Biochemistry, 35, 14090; Uhlman & Peyman, supra). By "modified
bases" in this aspect is meant nucleotide bases other than adenine,
guanine, cytosine and uracil at 1' position or their
equivalents.
[0179] In one embodiment, the invention features modified siRNA
molecules, with phosphate backbone modifications comprising one or
more phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, methylphosphonate,
phosphotriester, morpholino, amidate carbamate, carboxymethyl,
acetamidate, polyamide, sulfonate, sulfonamide, sulfamate,
formacetal, thioformacetal, and/or alkylsilyl, substitutions. For a
review of oligonucleotide backbone modifications, see Hunziker and
Leumann, 1995, Nucleic Acid Analogues: Synthesis and Properties, in
Modern Synthetic Methods, VCH, 331-417, and Mesmaeker et al., 1994,
Novel Backbone Replacements for Oligonucleotides, in Carbohydrate
Modifications in Antisense Research, ACS, 24-39.
[0180] By "abasic" is meant sugar moieties lacking a base or having
other chemical groups in place of a base at the 1' position, see
for example Adamic et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,998,203.
[0181] By "unmodified nucleoside" is meant one of the bases
adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil joined to the 1' carbon
of .beta.-D-ribo-furanose.
[0182] By "modified nucleoside" is meant any nucleotide base which
contains a modification in the chemical structure of an unmodified
nucleotide base, sugar and/or phosphate.
[0183] In connection with 2'-modified nucleotides as described for
the present invention, by "amino" is meant 2'-NH.sub.2 or
2'-O--NH.sub.2, which may be modified or unmodified. Such modified
groups are described, for example, in Eckstein et al., U.S. Pat.
No. 5,672,695 and Matulic-Adamic et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,878,
which are both incorporated by reference in their entireties.
[0184] Various modifications to nucleic acid siRNA structure can be
made to enhance the utility of these molecules. Such modifications
will enhance shelf-life, half-life in vitro, stability, and ease of
introduction of such oligonucleotides to the target site, e.g., to
enhance penetration of cellular membranes, and confer the ability
to recognize and bind to targeted cells.
[0185] Administration of Nucleic Acid Molecules
[0186] An siRNA molecule of the invention can be adapted for use to
treat Alzheimer's Disease. For example, a siRNA molecule can
comprise a delivery vehicle, including liposomes, for
administration to a subject, carriers and diluents and their salts,
and can be present in pharmaceutically acceptable formulation.
Methods for the delivery of nucleic acid molecules are described in
Akhtar et al., 1992, Trends Cell Bio., 2, 139; Delivery Strategies
for Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics, ed. Akhtar, 1995,
Maurer et al., 1999, Mol. Membr. Biol., 16, 129-140; Hofland and
Huang, 1999, Handb. Exp. Pharmacol., 137, 165-192; and Lee et al.,
2000, ACS Symp. Ser., 752, 184-192, all of which are incorporated
herein by reference. Beigelman et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,395,713 and
Sullivan et al., PCT WO 94/02595, further describes the general
methods for delivery of nucleic acid molecules. These protocols can
be utilized for the delivery of virtually any nucleic acid
molecule. Nucleic acid molecules can be administered to cells by a
variety of methods known to those of skill in the art, including,
but not restricted to, encapsulation in liposomes, by
iontophoresis, or by incorporation into other delivery vehicles,
such as hydrogels, cyclodextrins, biodegradable nanocapsules, and
bioadhesive microspheres, or by proteinaceous vectors (O'Hare and
Normand, International PCT Publication No. WO 00/53722).
Alternatively, the nucleic acid/vehicle combination is locally
delivered by direct injection or by use of an infusion pump. Direct
injection of the nucleic acid molecules of the invention, whether
subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intradermal, can take place using
standard needle and syringe methodologies, or by needle-free
technologies such as those described in Conry et al., 1999, Clin.
Cancer Res., 5, 2330-2337 and Barry et al., International PCT
Publication No. WO 99/31262. Many examples in the art describe CNS
delivery methods of oligonucleotides by osmotic pump, (see Chun et
al., 1998, Neuroscience Letters, 257, 135-138, D'Aldin et al.,
1998, Mol. Brain Research, 55, 151-164, Dryden et al., 1998, J.
Endocrinol., 157, 169-175, Ghirnikar et al., 1998, Neuroscience
Letters, 247, 21-24) or direct infusion (Broaddus et al., 1997,
Neurosurg. Focus, 3, article 4). Other routes of delivery include,
but are not limited to oral (tablet or pill form) and/or
intrathecal delivery (Gold, 1997, Neuroscience, 76, 1153-1158). For
a comprehensive review on drug delivery strategies including broad
coverage of CNS delivery, see Ho et al., 1999, Curr. Opin. Mol.
Ther., 1, 336-343 and Jain, Drug Delivery Systems: Technologies and
Commercial Opportunities, Decision Resources, 1998 and Groothuis et
al., 1997, J. NeuroVirol., 3, 387-400. More detailed descriptions
of nucleic acid delivery and administration are provided in
Sullivan et al., supra, Draper et al., PCT WO93/23569, Beigelman et
al., PCT WO99/05094, and Klimuk et al., PCT WO99/04819 all of which
have been incorporated by reference herein.
[0187] Experiments have demonstrated the efficient in vivo uptake
of nucleic acids by neurons. As an example of local administration
of nucleic acids to nerve cells, Sommer et al., 1998, Antisense
Nuc. Acid Drug Dev., 8, 75, describe a study in which a 15mer
phosphorothioate antisense nucleic acid molecule to c-fos is
administered to rats via microinjection into the brain. Antisense
molecules labeled with tetramethylrhodamine-isothiocyanate (TRITC)
or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were taken up by exclusively
by neurons thirty minutes post-injection. A diffuse cytoplasmic
staining and nuclear staining was observed in these cells. As an
example of systemic administration of nucleic acid to nerve cells,
Epa et al., 2000, Antisense Nuc. Acid Drug Dev., 10, 469, describe
an in vivo mouse study in which
beta-cyclodextrin-adamantane-oligonucleotide conjugates were used
to target the p75 neurotrophin receptor in neuronally
differentiated PC12 cells. Following a two week course of IP
administration, pronounced uptake of p75 neurotrophin receptor
antisense was observed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. In
addition, a marked and consistent down-regulation of p75 was
observed in DRG neurons. Additional approaches to the targeting of
nucleic acid to neurons are described in Broaddus et al, 1998, J.
Neurosurg., 88(4), 734; Karle et al, 1997, Eur. J. Pharmocol.,
340(2/3), 153; Bannai et al., 1998, Brain Research, 784(1,2), 304;
Rajakumar et al., 1997, Synapse, 26(3), 199; Wu-pong et al., 1999,
BioPharm, 12(1), 32; Bannai et al., 1998, Brain Res. Protoc., 3(1),
83; Simantov et al., 1996, Neuroscience, 74(1), 39. Nucleic acid
molecules of the invention are therefore amenable to delivery to
and uptake by cells that express NOGO and/or NOGOr for modulation
of NOGO and/or NOGOr expression.
[0188] The delivery of nucleic acid molecules of the invention,
targeting NOGO and/or NOGOr, is provided by a variety of different
strategies. Traditional approaches to CNS delivery that can be used
include, but are not limited to, intrathecal and
intracerebroventricular administration, implantation of catheters
and pumps, direct injection or perfusion at the site of injury or
lesion, injection into the brain arterial system, or by chemical or
osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier. Other approaches can
include the use of various transport and carrier systems, for
example though the use of conjugates and biodegradable polymers.
Furthermore, gene therapy approaches, for example as described in
Kaplitt et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,180,613, can be used to express
nucleic acid molecules in the CNS.
[0189] Thus, the invention features a pharmaceutical composition
comprising one or more nucleic acid(s) of the invention in an
acceptable carrier, such as a stabilizer, buffer, and the like. The
polynucleotides of the invention can be administered (e.g., RNA,
DNA or protein) and introduced into a subject by any standard
means, with or without stabilizers, buffers, and the like, to form
a pharmaceutical composition. When it is desired to use a liposome
delivery mechanism, standard protocols for formation of liposomes
can be followed. The compositions of the present invention may also
be formulated and used as tablets, capsules or elixirs for oral
administration, suppositories for rectal administration, sterile
solutions, suspensions for injectable administration, and the other
compositions known in the art.
[0190] The present invention also includes pharmaceutically
acceptable formulations of the compounds described. These
formulations include salts of the above compounds, e.g., acid
addition salts, for example, salts of hydrochloric, hydrobromic,
acetic acid, and benzene sulfonic acid.
[0191] A pharmacological composition or formulation refers to a
composition or formulation in a form suitable for administration,
e.g., systemic administration, into a cell or subject, including
for example a human. Suitable forms, in part, depend upon the use
or the route of entry, for example oral, transdermal, or by
injection. Such forms should not prevent the composition or
formulation from reaching a target cell (i.e., a cell to which the
negatively charged nucleic acid is desirable for delivery). For
example, pharmacological compositions injected into the blood
stream should be soluble. Other factors are known in the art, and
include considerations such as toxicity and forms that prevent the
composition or formulation from exerting its effect.
[0192] By "systemic administration" is meant in vivo systemic
absorption or accumulation of drugs in the blood stream followed by
distribution throughout the entire body. Administration routes
which lead to systemic absorption include, without limitation:
intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, inhalation, oral,
intrapulmonary and intramuscular. Each of these administration
routes expose the siRNA molecules of the invention to an accessible
diseased tissue. The rate of entry of a drug into the circulation
has been shown to be a function of molecular weight or size. The
use of a liposome or other drug carrier comprising the compounds of
the instant invention can potentially localize the drug, for
example, in certain tissue types, such as the tissues of the
reticular endothelial system (RES). A liposome formulation that can
facilitate the association of drug with the surface of cells, such
as, lymphocytes and macrophages is also useful. This approach may
provide enhanced delivery of the drug to target cells by taking
advantage of the specificity of macrophage and lymphocyte immune
recognition of abnormal cells, such as cancer cells.
[0193] By "pharmaceutically acceptable formulation" is meant, a
composition or formulation that allows for the effective
distribution of the nucleic acid molecules of the instant invention
in the physical location most suitable for their desired activity.
Non-limiting examples of agents suitable for formulation with the
nucleic acid molecules of the instant invention include:
P-glycoprotein inhibitors (such as Pluronic P85), which can enhance
entry of drugs into the CNS (Jolliet-Riant and Tillement, 1999,
Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol., 13, 16-26); biodegradable polymers, such
as poly (DL-lactide-coglycolide) microspheres for sustained release
delivery after intracerebral implantation (Emerich, D F et al,
1999, Cell Transplant, 8, 47-58) (Alkermes, Inc. Cambridge, Mass.);
and loaded nanoparticles, such as those made of
polybutylcyanoacrylate, which can deliver drugs across the blood
brain barrier and can alter neuronal uptake mechanisms (Prog
Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 23, 941-949, 1999). Other
non-limiting examples of delivery strategies for the nucleic acid
molecules of the instant invention include material described in
Boado et al., 1998, J. Pharm. Sci., 87, 1308-1315; Tyler et al.,
1999, FEBS Lett., 421, 280-284; Pardridge et al., 1995, PNAS USA.,
92, 5592-5596; Boado, 1995, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 15, 73-107;
Aldrian-Herrada et al., 1998, Nucleic Acids Res., 26, 4910-4916;
and Tyler et al., 1999, PNAS USA., 96, 7053-7058.
[0194] The invention also features the use of the composition
comprising surface-modified liposomes containing poly (ethylene
glycol) lipids (PEG-modified, or long-circulating liposomes or
stealth liposomes). These formulations offer a method for
increasing the accumulation of drugs in target tissues. This class
of drug carriers resists opsonization and elimination by the
mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS or RES), thereby enabling longer
blood circulation times and enhanced tissue exposure for the
encapsulated drug (Lasic et al. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2601-2627;
Ishiwata et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1995, 43, 1005-1011). Such
liposomes have been shown to accumulate selectively in tumors,
presumably by extravasation and capture in the neovascularized
target tissues (Lasic et al., Science 1995, 267, 1275-1276; Oku et
al., 1995, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1238, 86-90). The
long-circulating liposomes enhance the pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics of DNA and RNA, particularly compared to
conventional cationic liposomes which are known to accumulate in
tissues of the MPS (Liu et al., J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 42,
24864-24870; Choi et al., International PCT Publication No. WO
96/10391; Ansell et al., International PCT Publication No. WO
96/10390; Holland et al., International PCT Publication No. WO
96/10392). Long-circulating liposomes are also likely to protect
drugs from nuclease degradation to a greater extent compared to
cationic liposomes, based on their ability to avoid accumulation in
metabolically aggressive MPS tissues such as the liver and
spleen.
[0195] The present invention also includes compositions prepared
for storage or administration, which include a pharmaceutically
effective amount of the desired compounds in a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier or diluent. Acceptable carriers or diluents for
therapeutic use are well known in the pharmaceutical art, and are
described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Mack Publishing Co. (A. R. Gennaro edit. 1985) hereby incorporated
by reference herein. For example, preservatives, stabilizers, dyes
and flavoring agents may be provided. These include sodium
benzoate, sorbic acid and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. In
addition, antioxidants and suspending agents may be used.
[0196] A pharmaceutically effective dose is that dose required to
prevent, inhibit the occurrence, or treat (alleviate a symptom to
some extent, preferably all of the symptoms) of a disease state.
The pharmaceutically effective dose depends on the type of disease,
the composition used, the route of administration, the type of
mammal being treated, the physical characteristics of the specific
mammal under consideration, concurrent medication, and other
factors that those skilled in the medical arts will recognize.
Generally, an amount between 0.1 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body
weight/day of active ingredients is administered dependent upon
potency of the negatively charged polymer.
[0197] The nucleic acid molecules of the invention and formulations
thereof can be administered orally, topically, parenterally, by
inhalation or spray, or rectally in dosage unit formulations
containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable
carriers, adjuvants and/or vehicles. The term parenteral as used
herein includes percutaneous, subcutaneous, intravascular (e.g.,
intravenous), intramuscular, or intrathecal injection or infusion
techniques and the like. In addition, there is provided a
pharmaceutical formulation comprising a nucleic acid molecule of
the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. One or
more nucleic acid molecules of the invention can be present in
association with one or more non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable
carriers and/or diluents and/or adjuvants, and if desired other
active ingredients. The pharmaceutical compositions containing
nucleic acid molecules of the invention can be in a form suitable
for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous
or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsion,
hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs.
[0198] Compositions intended for oral use can be prepared according
to any method known to the art for the manufacture of
pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions can contain one
or more such sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents
or preservative agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant
and palatable preparations. Tablets contain the active ingredient
in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients
that are suitable for the manufacture of tablets. These excipients
can be, for example, inert diluents; such as calcium carbonate,
sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate;
granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or
alginic acid; binding agents, for example starch, gelatin or
acacia; and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate,
stearic acid or talc. The tablets can be uncoated or they can be
coated by known techniques. In some cases such coatings can be
prepared by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption
in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained
action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material
such as glyceryl monosterate or glyceryl distearate can be
employed.
[0199] Formulations for oral use can also be presented as hard
gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an
inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium
phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active
ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut
oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.
[0200] Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in
admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous
suspensions. Such excipients are suspending agents, for example
sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose,
hydropropyl-methylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone,
gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents can be
a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example, lecithin, or
condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for
example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of
ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example
heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene
oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol
such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation
products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty
acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan
monooleate. The aqueous suspensions can also contain one or more
preservatives, for example ethyl, or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate,
one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one
or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.
[0201] Oily suspensions can be formulated by suspending the active
ingredients in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil,
sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid
paraffin. The oily suspensions can contain a thickening agent, for
example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents
and flavoring agents can be added to provide palatable oral
preparations. These compositions can be preserved by the addition
of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
[0202] Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of
an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active
ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent,
suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing
or wetting agents or suspending agents are exemplified by those
already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example
sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, can also be present.
[0203] Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can also be in
the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase can be a
vegetable oil or a mineral oil or mixtures of these. Suitable
emulsifying agents can be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum
acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides, for
example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived
from fatty acids and hexitol, anhydrides, for example sorbitan
monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters
with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan
monooleate. The emulsions can also contain sweetening and flavoring
agents.
[0204] Syrups and elixirs can be formulated with sweetening agents,
for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, glucose or
sucrose. Such formulations can also contain a demulcent, a
preservative and flavoring and coloring agents. The pharmaceutical
compositions can be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or
oleaginous suspension. This suspension can be formulated according
to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents
and suspending agents that have been mentioned above. The sterile
injectable preparation can also be a sterile injectable solution or
suspension in a non-toxic parentally acceptable diluent or solvent,
for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable
vehicles and solvents that can be employed are water, Ringer's
solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition,
sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or
suspending medium. For this purpose, any bland fixed oil can be
employed including synthetic mono-or diglycerides. In addition,
fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of
injectables.
[0205] The nucleic acid molecules of the invention can also be
administered in the form of suppositories, e.g., for rectal
administration of the drug. These compositions can be prepared by
mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient that is
solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature
and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such
materials include cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols.
[0206] Nucleic acid molecules of the invention can be administered
parenterally in a sterile medium. The drug, depending on the
vehicle and concentration used, can either be suspended or
dissolved in the vehicle. Advantageously, adjuvants such as local
anesthetics, preservatives and buffering agents can be dissolved in
the vehicle.
[0207] Dosage levels of the order of from about 0.1 mg to about 140
mg per kilogram of body weight. per day are useful in the treatment
of the above-indicated conditions (about 0.5 mg to about 7 g per
subject per day). The amount of active ingredient that can be
combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form
varies depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of
administration. Dosage unit forms generally contain between from
about 1 mg to about 500 mg of an active ingredient.
[0208] It is understood that the specific dose level for any
particular subject depends upon a variety of factors including the
activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight,
general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of
administration, and rate of excretion, drug combination and the
severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy.
[0209] For administration to non-human animals, the composition can
also be added to the animal feed or drinking water. It can be
convenient to formulate the animal feed and drinking water
compositions so that the animal takes in a therapeutically
appropriate quantity of the composition along with its diet. It can
also be convenient to present the composition as a premix for
addition to the feed or drinking water.
[0210] The nucleic acid molecules of the present invention may also
be administered to a subject in combination with other therapeutic
compounds to increase the overall therapeutic effect. The use of
multiple compounds to treat an indication may increase the
beneficial effects while reducing the presence of side effects.
[0211] In one embodiment, the invention compositions suitable for
administering nucleic acid molecules of the invention to specific
cell types, such as hepatocytes. For example, the
asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr) (Wu and Wu, 1987, J. Biol.
Chem. 262, 4429-4432) is unique to hepatocytes and binds branched
galactose-terminal glycoproteins, such as asialoorosomucoid (ASOR).
Binding of such glycoproteins or synthetic glycoconjugates to the
receptor takes place with an affinity that strongly depends on the
degree of branching of the oligosaccharide chain, for example,
triatennary structures are bound with greater affinity than
biatenarry or monoatennary chains (Baenziger and Fiete, 1980, Cell,
22, 611-620; Connolly et al., 1982, J. Biol. Chem., 257, 939-945).
Lee and Lee, 1987, Glycoconjugate J., 4, 317-328, obtained this
high specificity through the use of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as the
carbohydrate moiety, which has higher affinity for the receptor,
compared to galactose. This "clustering effect" has also been
described for the binding and uptake of mannosyl-terminating
glycoproteins or glycoconjugates (Ponpipom et al., 1981, J. Med.
Chem., 24, 1388-1395). The use of galactose and galactosamine based
conjugates to transport exogenous compounds across cell membranes
can provide a targeted delivery approach to the treatment of liver
disease such as HBV infection or hepatocellular carcinoma. The use
of bioconjugates can also provide a reduction in the required dose
of therapeutic compounds required for treatment. Furthermore,
therapeutic bioavialability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetic
parameters can be modulated through the use of nucleic acid
bioconjugates of the invention.
[0212] Alternatively, certain siRNA molecules of the instant
invention can be expressed within cells from eukaryotic promoters
(e.g., Izant and Weintraub, 1985, Science, 229, 345; McGarry and
Lindquist, 1986, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 83, 399; Scanlon et
al., 1991, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 10591-5; Kashani-Sabet
et al., 1992, Antisense Res. Dev., 2, 3-15; Dropulic et al., 1992,
J. Virol., 66, 1432-41; Weerasinghe et al., 1991, J. Virol., 65,
5531-4; Ojwang et al., 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89,
10802-6; Chen et al., 1992, Nucleic Acids Res., 20, 4581-9; Sarver
et al., 1990 Science, 247, 1222-1225; Thompson et al., 1995,
Nucleic Acids Res., 23, 2259; Good et al., 1997, Gene Therapy, 4,
45. Those skilled in the art realize that any nucleic acid can be
expressed in eukaryotic cells from the appropriate DNA/RNA vector.
The activity of such nucleic acids can be augmented by their
release from the primary transcript by a enzymatic nucleic acid
(Draper et al., PCT WO 93/23569, and Sullivan et al., PCT WO
94/02595; Ohkawa et al., 1992, Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser., 27, 15-6;
Taira et al., 1991, Nucleic Acids Res., 19, 5125-30; Ventura et
al., 1993, Nucleic Acids Res., 21, 3249-55; Chowrira et al., 1994,
J. Biol. Chem., 269, 25856.
[0213] In another aspect of the invention, RNA molecules of the
present invention can be expressed from transcription units (see
for example Couture et al., 1996, TIG., 12, 510) inserted into DNA
or RNA vectors. The recombinant vectors can be DNA plasmids or
viral vectors. siRNA expressing viral vectors can be constructed
based on, but not limited to, adeno-associated virus, retrovirus,
adenovirus, or alphavirus. In another embodiment, pol III based
constructs are used to express nucleic acid molecules of the
invention (see for example Thompson, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,902,880 and
6,146,886). The recombinant vectors capable of expressing the siRNA
molecules can be delivered as described above, and persist in
target cells. Alternatively, viral vectors can be used that provide
for transient expression of nucleic acid molecules. Such vectors
can be repeatedly administered as necessary. Once expressed, the
siRNA molecule interacts with the target mRNA and generates an RNAi
response. Delivery of siRNA molecule expressing vectors can be
systemic, such as by intravenous or intra-muscular administration,
by administration to target cells ex-planted from a subject
followed by reintroduction into the subject, or by any other means
that would allow for introduction into the desired target cell (for
a review see Couture et al., 1996, TIG., 12, 510).
[0214] In one aspect the invention features an expression vector
comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one siRNA
molecule of the instant invention. The expression vector can encode
one or both strands of a siRNA duplex, or a single self
complementary strand that self hybridizes into a siRNA duplex. The
nucleic acid sequences encoding the siRNA molecules of the instant
invention can be operably linked in a manner that allows expression
of the siRNA molecule (see for example Paul et al., 2002, Nature
Biotechnology, 19, 505; Miyagishi and Taira, 2002, Nature
Biotechnology, 19, 497; Lee et al., 2002, Nature Biotechnology, 19,
500; and Novina et al., 2002, Nature Medicine, advance online
publication doi:10.1038/nm725).
[0215] In another aspect, the invention features an expression
vector comprising: a) a transcription initiation region (e.g.,
eukaryotic pol I, II or III initiation region); b) a transcription
termination region (e.g., eukaryotic pol I, II or III termination
region); and c) a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one of
the siRNA molecules of the instant invention; wherein said sequence
is operably linked to said initiation region and said termination
region, in a manner that allows expression and/or delivery of the
siRNA molecule. The vector can optionally include an open reading
frame (ORF) for a protein operably linked on the 5' side or the
3'-side of the sequence encoding the siRNA of the invention; and/or
an intron (intervening sequences).
[0216] Transcription of the siRNA molecule sequences can be driven
from a promoter for eukaryotic RNA polymerase I (pol I), RNA
polymerase II (pol II), or RNA polymerase III (pol III).
Transcripts from pol II or pol III promoters are expressed at high
levels in all cells; the levels of a given pol II promoter in a
given cell type depends on the nature of the gene regulatory
sequences (enhancers, silencers, etc.) present nearby. Prokaryotic
RNA polymerase promoters are also used, providing that the
prokaryotic RNA polymerase enzyme is expressed in the appropriate
cells (Elroy-Stein and Moss, 1990, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87,
6743-7; Gao and Huang 1993, Nucleic Acids Res., 21, 2867-72; Lieber
et al., 1993, Methods Enzymol., 217, 47-66; Zhou et al., 1990, Mol.
Cell. Biol., 10, 4529-37). Several investigators have demonstrated
that nucleic acid molecules expressed from such promoters can
function in mammalian cells (e.g. Kashani-Sabet et al., 1992,
Antisense Res. Dev., 2, 3-15; Ojwang et al., 1992, Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 10802-6; Chen et al., 1992, Nucleic Acids Res.,
20, 4581-9; Yu et al., 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90,
6340-4; L'Huillier et al, 1992, EMBO J., 11, 4411-8; Lisziewicz et
al., 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 90, 8000-4; Thompson et
al., 1995, Nucleic Acids Res., 23, 2259; Sullenger & Cech,
1993, Science, 262, 1566). More specifically, transcription units
such as the ones derived from genes encoding U6 small nuclear
(snRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and adenovirus VA RNA are useful in
generating high concentrations of desired RNA molecules such as
siRNA in cells (Thompson et al., supra; Couture and Stinchcomb,
1996, supra; Noonberg et al., 1994, Nucleic Acid Res., 22, 2830;
Noonberg et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,624,803; Good et al., 1997, Gene
Ther., 4, 45; Beigelman et al., International PCT Publication No.
WO 96/18736. The above siRNA transcription units can be
incorporated into a variety of vectors for introduction into
mammalian cells, including but not restricted to, plasmid DNA
vectors, viral DNA vectors (such as adenovirus or adeno-associated
virus vectors), or viral RNA vectors (such as retroviral or
alphavirus vectors) (for a review see Couture and Stinchcomb, 1996,
supra).
[0217] In another aspect the invention features an expression
vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one of
the siRNA molecules of the invention, in a manner that allows
expression of that siRNA molecule. The expression vector comprises
in one embodiment; a) a transcription initiation region; b) a
transcription termination region; and c) a nucleic acid sequence
encoding at least one strand of the siRNA molecule; wherein the
sequence is operably linked to the initiation region and the
termination region, in a manner that allows expression and/or
delivery of the siRNA molecule.
[0218] In another embodiment the expression vector comprises: a) a
transcription initiation region; b) a transcription termination
region; c) an open reading frame; and d) a nucleic acid sequence
encoding at least one strand of a siRNA molecule, wherein the
sequence is operably linked to the 3'-end of the open reading
frame; and wherein the sequence is operably linked to the
initiation region, the open reading frame and the termination
region, in a manner that allows expression and/or delivery of the
siRNA molecule. In yet another embodiment the expression vector
comprises: a) a transcription initiation region; b) a transcription
termination region; c) an intron; and d) a nucleic acid sequence
encoding at least one siRNA molecule; wherein the sequence is
operably linked to the initiation region, the intron and the
termination region, in a manner which allows expression and/or
delivery of the nucleic acid molecule.
[0219] In another embodiment, the expression vector comprises: a) a
transcription initiation region; b) a transcription termination
region; c) an intron; d) an open reading frame; and e) a nucleic
acid sequence encoding at least one strand of a siRNA molecule,
wherein the sequence is operably linked to the 3'-end of the open
reading frame; and wherein the sequence is operably linked to the
initiation region, the intron, the open reading frame and the
termination region, in a manner which allows expression and/or
delivery of the siRNA molecule.
EXAMPLES
[0220] The following are non-limiting examples showing the
selection, isolation, synthesis and activity of nucleic acids of
the instant invention.
Example 1
Tandem Synthesis of siRNA Constructs
[0221] Exemplary siRNA molecules of the invention are synthesized
in tandem using a cleavable linker, for example a succinyl-based
linker. Tandem synthesis as described herein is followed by a one
step purification process that provides RNAi molecules in high
yield. This approach is highly amenable to siRNA synthesis in
support of high throughput RNAi screening, and can be readily
adapted to multi-column or multi-well synthesis platforms.
[0222] After completing a tandem synthesis of an siRNA oligo and
its compliment in which the 5'-terminal dimethoxytrityl (5'-O-DMT)
group remains intact (trityl on synthesis), the oligonucleotides
are deprotected as described above. Following deprotection, the
siRNA sequence strands are allowed to spontaneously hybridize. This
hybridization yields a duplex in which one strand has retained the
5'-O-DMT group while the complementary strand comprises a terminal
5'-hydroxyl. The newly formed duplex to behaves as a single
molecule during routine solid-phase extraction purification
(Trityl-On purification) even though only one molecule has a
dimethoxytrityl group. Because the strands form a stable duplex,
this dimethoxytrityl group (or an equivalent group, such as other
trityl groups or other hydrophobic moieties) is all that is
required to purify the pair of oligos, for example by using a C18
cartridge.
[0223] Standard phosphoramidite synthesis chemistry is used up to
point of introducing a tandem linker, such as an inverted
deoxyabasic succinate linker (see FIG. 1) or an equivalent
cleavable linker. A non-limiting example of linker coupling
conditions that can be used includes a hindered base such as
diisopropylethylamine (DIPA) and/or DMAP in the presence of an
activator reagent such as Bromotripyrrolidinophosphoniumhe-
xaflurorophosphate (PyBrOP). After the linker is coupled, standard
synthesis chemistry is utilized to complete synthesis of the second
sequence leaving the terminal the 5'-O-DMT intact. Following
synthesis, the resulting oligonucleotide is deprotected according
to the procedures described herein and quenched with a suitable
buffer, for example with 50 mM NaOAc or 1.5M
NH.sub.4H.sub.2CO.sub.3.
[0224] Purification of the siRNA duplex can be readily accomplished
using solid phase extraction, for example using a Waters C18 SepPak
1 g cartridge conditioned with 1 column volume (CV) of
acetonitrile, 2 CV H2O, and 2 CV 50 mM NaOAc. The sample is loaded
and then washed with 1 CV H2O or 50 mM NaOAc. Failure sequences are
eluted with 1 CV 14% ACN (Aqueous with 50 mM NaOAc and 50 mM NaCl).
The column is then washed, for example with 1 CV H2O followed by
on-column detritylation, for example by passing 1 CV of 1% aqueous
trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) over the column, then adding a second CV
of 1% aqueous TFA to the column and allowing to stand for approx.
10 minutes. The remaining TFA solution is removed and the column
washed with H2O followed by 1 CV 1M NaCl and additional H2O. The
siRNA duplex product is then eluted, for example using 1 CV 20%
aqueous CAN.
[0225] FIG. 2 provides an example of MALDI-TOV mass spectrometry
analysis of a purified siRNA construct in which each peak
corresponds to the calculated mass of an individual siRNA strand of
the siRNA duplex. The same purified siRNA provides three peaks when
analyzed by capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), one peak
presumably corresponding to the duplex siRNA, and two peaks
presumably corresponding to the separate siRNA sequence strands.
Ion exchange HPLC analysis of the same siRNA contract only shows a
single peak.
Example 2
Identification of Potential siRNA Target Sites in Any RNA
Sequence
[0226] The sequence of an RNA target of interest, such as a viral
or human mRNA transcript, is screened for target sites, for example
by using a computer folding algorithm. In a non-limiting example,
the sequence of a gene or RNA gene transcript derived from a
database, such as Genbank, is used to generate siRNA targets having
complimentarity to the target. Such sequences can be obtained from
a database, or can be determined experimentally as known in the
art. Target sites that are known, for example, those target sites
determined to be effective target sites based on studies with other
nucleic acid molecules, for example ribozymes or antisense, or
those targets known to be associated with a disease or condition
such as those sites containing mutations or deletions, can be used
to design siRNA molecules targeting those sites as well. Various
parameters can be used to determine which sites are the most
suitable target sites within the target RNA sequence. These
parameters include but are not limited to secondary or tertiary RNA
structure, the nucleotide base composition of the target sequence,
the degree of homology between various regions of the target
sequence, or the relative position of the target sequence within
the RNA transcript. Based on these determinations, any number of
target sites within the RNA transcript can be chosen to screen
siRNA molecules for efficacy, for example by using in vitro RNA
cleavage assays, cell culture, or animal models. In a non-limiting
example, anywhere from 1 to 1000 target sites are chosen within the
transcript based on the size of the siRNA contruct to be used. High
throughput screening assays can be developed for screening siRNA
molecules using methods known in the art, such as with multi-well
or multi-plate assays to determine efficient reduction in target
gene expression.
Example 3
Selection of siRNA Molecule Target Sites in a RNA
[0227] The following non-limiting steps can be used to carry out
the selection of siRNAs targeting a given gene sequence or
transcipt.
[0228] 1. The target sequence is parsed in silico into a list of
all fragments or subsequences of a particular length, for example
23 nucleotide fragments, contained within the target sequence. This
step is typically carried out using a custom Perl script, but
commercial sequence analysis programs such as Oligo, MacVector, or
the GCG Wisconsin Package can be employed as well.
[0229] 2. In some instances the siRNAs correspond to more than one
target sequence; such would be the case for example in targeting
many different strains of a viral sequence, for targeting different
transcipts of the same gene, targeting different transcipts of more
than one gene, or for targeting both the human gene and an animal
homolog. In this case, a subsequence list of a particular length is
generated for each of the targets, and then the lists are compared
to find matching sequences in each list. The subsequences are then
ranked according to the number of target sequences that contain the
given subsequence; the goal is to find subsequences that are
present in most or all of the target sequences. Alternately, the
ranking can indentify subsequences that are unique to a target
sequence, such as a mutant target sequence. Such an approach would
enable the use of siRNA to target specifically the mutant sequence
and not effect the expression of the normal sequence.
[0230] 3. In some instances the siRNA subsequences are absent in
one or more sequences while present in the desired target sequence;
such would be the case if the siRNA targets a gene with a
paralogous family member that is to remain untargeted. As in case 2
above, a subsequence list of a particular length is generated for
each of the targets, and then the lists are compared to find
sequences that are present in the target gene but are absent in the
untargeted paralog.
[0231] 4. The ranked siRNA subsequences can be further analyzed and
ranked according to GC content. A preference can be given to sites
containing 30-70% GC, with a further preference to sites containing
40-60% GC.
[0232] 5. The ranked siRNA subsequences can be further analyzed and
ranked according to self-folding and internal hairpins. Weaker
internal folds are preferred; strong hairpin structures are to be
avoided.
[0233] 6. The ranked siRNA subsequences can be further analyzed and
ranked according to whether they have runs of GGG or CCC in the
sequence. GGG (or even more Gs) in either strand can make
oligonucleotide synthesis problematic, so it is avoided whenever
better sequences are available. CCC is searched in the target
strand because that will place GGG in the antisense strand.
[0234] 7. The ranked siRNA subsequences can be further analyzed and
ranked according to whether they have the dinucleotide UU (uridine
dinucleotide) on the 3' end of the sequence, and/or AA on the 5'
end of the sequence (to yield 3' UU on the antisense sequence).
These sequences allow one to design siRNA molecules with terminal
TT thymidine dinucleotides.
[0235] 8. Four or five target sites are chosen from the ranked list
of subsequences as described above. For example, in subsequences
having 23 nucleotides, the right 21 nucleotides of each chosen
23-mer subsequence are then designed and synthesized for the upper
(sense) strand of the siRNA duplex, while the reverse complement of
the left 21 nucleotides of each chosen 23-mer subsequence are then
designed and synthesized for the lower (antisense) strand of the
siRNA duplex. If terminal TT residues are desired for the sequence
(as described in paragraph 7), then the two 3' terminal nucleotides
of both the sense and antisense strands are replaced by TT prior to
synthesizing the oligos.
[0236] 9. The siRNA molecules are screened in an in vitro, cell
culture or animal model system to identify the most active siRNA
molecule or the most preferred target site within the target RNA
sequence.
Example 4
NOGO Targeted siRNA Design
[0237] siRNA target sites were chosen by analyzing sequences of the
NOGO RNA target and optionally prioritizing the target sites on the
basis of folding (structure of any given sequence analyzed to
determine siRNA accessibility to the target). siRNA molecules were
designed that could bind each target and are optionally
individually analyzed by computer folding to assess whether the
siRNA molecule can interact with the target sequence. Varying the
length of the siRNA molecules can be chosen to optimize activity.
Generally, a sufficient number of complementary nucleotide bases
are chosen to bind to, or otherwise interact with, the target RNA,
but the degree of complementarity can be modulated to accommodate
siRNA duplexes or varying length or base composition. By using such
methodologies, siRNA molecules can be designed to target sites
within any known RNA sequence, for example those RNA sequences
corresponding to the any gene transcript.
Example 5
NOGOr Targeted siRNA Design
[0238] siRNA target sites were chosen by analyzing sequences of the
NOGOr RNA target and optionally prioritizing the target sites on
the basis of folding (structure of any given sequence analyzed to
determine siRNA accessibility to the target). siRNA molecules were
designed that could bind each target and are optionally
individually analyzed by computer folding to assess whether the
siRNA molecule can interact with the target sequence. Varying the
length of the siRNA molecules can be chosen to optimize activity.
Generally, a sufficient number of complementary nucleotide bases
are chosen to bind to, or otherwise interact with, the target RNA,
but the degree of complementarity can be modulated to accommodate
siRNA duplexes or varying length or base composition. By using such
methodologies, siRNA molecules can be designed to target sites
within any known RNA sequence, for example those RNA sequences
corresponding to the any gene transcript.
Example 6
Chemical Synthesis and Purification of siRNA
[0239] siRNA molecules can be designed to interact with various
sites in the RNA message, for example target sequences within the
RNA sequences described herein. The sequence of one strand of the
siRNA molecule(s) are complementary to the target site sequences
described above. The siRNA molecules can be chemically synthesized
using methods described herein. Inactive siRNA molecules that are
used as control sequences can be synthesized by scrambling the
sequence of the siRNA molecules such that it is not complementary
to the target sequence.
Example 7
RNAi In Vitro Assay to Assess siRNA Activity
[0240] An in vitro assay that recapitulates RNAi in a cell free
system is used to evaluate siRNA constructs targeting NOGO and/or
NOGOr RNA targets. The assay comprises the system described by
Tuschl et al., 1999, Genes and Development, 13, 3191-3197 and
Zamore et al., 2000, Cell, 101, 25-33 adapted for use with NOGO
and/or NOGOr target RNA. A Drosophila extract derived from
syncytial blastoderm is used to reconstitute RNAi activity in
vitro. Target RNA is generated via in vitro transcription from an
appropriate NOGO and/or NOGOr expressing plasmid using T7 RNA
polymerase or via chemical synthesis as described herein. Sense and
antisense siRNA strands (for example 20 uM each) are annealed by
incubation in buffer (such as 100 mM potassium acetate, 30 mM
HEPES-KOH, pH 7.4, 2 mM magnesium acetate) for 1 min. at 90.degree.
C. followed by 1 hour at 37.degree. C., then diluted in lysis
buffer (for example 100 mM potassium acetate, 30 mM HEPES-KOH at pH
7.4, 2 mM magnesium acetate). Annealing can be monitored by gel
electrophoresis on an agarose gel in TBE buffer and stained with
ethidium bromide. The Drosophila lysate is prepared using zero to
two hour old embryos from Oregon R flies collected on yeasted
molasses agar that are dechorionated and lysed. The lysate is
centrifuged and the supernatant isolated. The assay comprises a
reaction mixture containing 50% lysate [vol/vol], RNA (10-50 pM
final concentration), and 10% [vol/vol] lysis buffer containing
siRNA (10 nM final concentration). The reaction mixture also
contains 10 mM creatine phosphate, 10 ug.ml creatine phosphokinase,
100 um GTP, 100 uM UTP, 100 uM CTP, 500 uM ATP, 5 mM DTT, 0.1 U/uL
RNasin (Promega), and 100 uM of each amino acid. The final
concentration of potassium acetate is adjusted to 100 mM. The
reactions are pre-assembled on ice and preincubated at 25.degree.
C. for 10 minutes before adding RNA, then incubated at 25.degree.
C. for an additional 60 minutes. Reactions are quenched with 4
volumes of 1.25.times.Passive Lysis Buffer (Promega). Target RNA
cleavage is assayed by RT-PCR analysis or other methods known in
the art and are compared to control reactions in which siRNA is
omitted from the reaction.
[0241] Alternately, internally-labeled target RNA for the assay is
prepared by in vitro transcription in the presence of [a-.sup.32P]
CTP, passed over a G 50 Sephadex column by spin chromatography and
used as target RNA without further purification. Optionally, target
RNA is 5'-.sup.32P-end labeled using T4 polynucleotide kinase
enzyme. Assays are performed as described above and target RNA and
the specific RNA cleavage products generated by RNAi are visualized
on an autoradiograph of a gel. The percentage of cleavage is
determined by Phosphor Imager.RTM. quantitation of bands
representing intact control RNA or RNA from control reactions
without siRNA and the cleavage products generated by the assay.
Example 8
Cell Culture Models
[0242] Spillmann et al., 1998, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 19283-19293,
describe the purification and biochemical characterization of a
high molecular mass protein of bovine spinal cord myelin (bNI-220)
which exerts potent inhibition of neurite outgrowth of NGF-primed
PC 12 cells and chick DRG cells. This protein can be used to
inhibit spreading of 3T3 fibroblasts and to induce collapse of
chick DRG growth cones. The monoclonal antibody, mAb IN-1, can be
used to fully neutralize the inhibitory activity of bNI-220, which
is a presumed NOGO gene product. As such, nucleic acid molecules of
the instant invention directed at the inhibition of NOGO expression
can be used in place of mAb IN-1 in studying the inhibition of
bNI-220 in cell culture experiments described in detail by
Spillmann et al., supra. Criteria used in these experiments include
the evaluation of spreading behavior of 3T3 fibroblasts, the
neurite outgrowth response of PC12 cells, and the growth cone
motility of chick DRG growth cones. Similarly, nucleic acid
molecules of the instant invention, eg siRNA, that target NOGO or
NOGO receptors can be used to evaluate inhibition of NOGO mediated
activity in these cell types using the criteria described
above.
[0243] Fournier et al., 2001, Nature, 409, 341 describe a mouse
clone of the NOGO-66 receptor which is expressed in non-neuronal
COS-7 cells. The transfected COS-7 cell line expresses NOGO-66
receptor protein on the cell surface. An antiserum developed to the
NOGO-66 receptor can be used to specifically stain NOGO-66 receptor
expressing cells by immunohistochemical staining. As such, an assay
for screening nucleic acid-based inhibitors, such as siRNA, of
NOGO-66 receptor expression is provided.
Example 9
Animal Models
[0244] Bregman et al., 1995, Nature, 378, 498-501 and Z'Graggen et
al., 1998, J. Neuroscience, 18, 4744, describe a rat based system
for evaluating the role of myelin-associated neurite growth
inhibitory proteins in vivo. Young adult Lewis rats receive a
mid-thoracic microsurgical spinal cord lesion or a unilateral
pyramidotomy. These animals are then treated with mAb IN-1
secreting hybridoma cell explants. A control population receive
hybridoma explants which secrete horsreradish peroxidase (HRP)
antibodies. Cyclosporin is used during the treatment period to
allow hybridoma survival. Additional control rats receive either
the spinal cord lesion without any further treatment or no lesion.
After a 4-6 week recovery period, behavioral training is followed
by the quantitative analysis of reflex and locomotor function. IN-1
treated animals demonstrate growth of corticospinal axons around
the lesion site and into the spinal cord which persist past the
longest time point of analysis (12 weeks). Furthermore, both reflex
and locomotor function, including the functional recovery of fine
motor control, is restored in IN-1 treated animals. As such, a
robust animal model as described by Bregman et a.,l supra and
Z'Graggen et al., supra, can be used to evaluate nucleic acid
molecules of the instant invention when used in place of or in
conjunction with mAb IN-1 toward use as modulators of neurite
growth inhibitor function (eg. NOGO and NOGO receptor) in vivo.
[0245] Indications
[0246] The nucleic acids of the present invention can be used to
treat a patient having a condition associated with the level of
NOGO or NOGO receptor. One method of treatment comprises contacting
cells of a patient with a nucleic acid molecule of the present
invention, under conditions suitable for said treatment. Delivery
methods and other methods of administration have been discussed
herein and are commonly known in the art. Particular degenerative
and disease states that can be associated with NOGO and NOGO
receptor expression modulation include, but are not limited to, CNS
injury, specifically spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular accident
(CVA, stroke), Alzheimer's disease, dementia, multiple sclerosis
(MS), chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease, ataxia, Huntington's disease,
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, muscular dystrophy, and/or other
neurodegenerative disease states which respond to the modulation of
NOGO and NOGO receptor expression.
[0247] The present body of knowledge in NOGO research indicates the
need for methods to assay NOGO activity and for compounds that can
regulate NOGO expression for research, diagnostic, and therapeutic
use.
[0248] Other treatment methods comprise contacting cells of a
patient with a nucleic acid molecule of the present invention and
further comprise the use of one or more drug therapies under
conditions suitable for said treatment. The use of monoclonal
antibody (eg; mAb IN-1) treatment, growth factors, antiinflammatory
compounds, for example methylprednisolone, calcium blockers,
apoptosis inhibiting compounds, for example GM-1 ganglioside, and
physical therapies, for example treadmill therapy, are all
non-limiting examples of methods that can be combined with or used
in conjunction with the nucleic acid molecules (e.g. ribozymes and
antisense molecules) of the instant invention. Those skilled in the
art will recognize that other drug compounds and therapies can be
similarly be readily combined with the nucleic acid molecules of
the instant invention (e.g. siRNA molecules) are hence within the
scope of the instant invention.
[0249] Diagnostic Uses
[0250] The siRNA molecules of the invention can be used in a
variety of diagnostic applications, such as in identifying
molecular targets such as RNA in a variety of applications, for
example, in clinical, industrial, environmental, agricultural
and/or research settings. Such diagnostic use of siRNA molecules
involves utilizing reconstituted RNAi systems, for example using
cellular lysates or partially purified cellular lysates. siRNA
molecules of this invention may be used as diagnostic tools to
examine genetic drift and mutations within diseased cells or to
detect the presence of endogenous or exogenous, for example viral,
RNA in a cell. The close relationship between siRNA activity and
the structure of the target RNA allows the detection of mutations
in any region of the molecule, which alters the base-pairing and
three-dimensional structure of the target RNA. By using multiple
siRNA molecules described in this invention, one may map nucleotide
changes, which are important to RNA structure and function in
vitro, as well as in cells and tissues. Cleavage of target RNAs
with siRNA molecules can be used to inhibit gene expression and
define the role (essentially) of specified gene products in the
progression of disease or infection. In this manner, other genetic
targets may be defined as important mediators of the disease. These
experiments will lead to better treatment of the disease
progression by affording the possibility of combination therapies
(e.g., multiple siRNA molecules targeted to different genes, siRNA
molecules coupled with known small molecule inhibitors, or
intermittent treatment with combinations siRNA molecules and/or
other chemical or biological molecules). Other in vitro uses of
siRNA molecules of this invention are well known in the art, and
include detection of the presence of mRNAs associated with a
disease, infection, or related condition. Such RNA is detected by
determining the presence of a cleavage product after treatment with
a siRNA using standard methodologies, for example fluorescence
resonance emission transfer (FRET).
[0251] In a specific example, siRNA molecules that can cleave only
wild-type or mutant forms of the target RNA are used for the assay.
The first siRNA molecules is used to identify wild-type RNA present
in the sample and the second siRNA molecules will be used to
identify mutant RNA in the sample. As reaction controls, synthetic
substrates of both wild-type and mutant RNA will be cleaved by both
siRNA molecules to demonstrate the relative siRNA efficiencies in
the reactions and the absence of cleavage of the "non-targeted" RNA
species. The cleavage products from the synthetic substrates will
also serve to generate size markers for the analysis of wild-type
and mutant RNAs in the sample population. Thus each analysis will
require two siRNA molecules, two substrates and one unknown sample
which will be combined into six reactions. The presence of cleavage
products will be determined using an RNase protection assay so that
full-length and cleavage fragments of each RNA can be analyzed in
one lane of a polyacrylamide gel. It is not absolutely required to
quantify the results to gain insight into the expression of mutant
RNAs and putative risk of the desired phenotypic changes in target
cells. The expression of mRNA whose protein product is implicated
in the development of the phenotype (i.e., disease related or
infection related) is adequate to establish risk. If probes of
comparable specific activity are used for both transcripts, then a
qualitative comparison of RNA levels will be adequate and will
decrease the cost of the initial diagnosis. Higher mutant form to
wild-type ratios will be correlated with higher risk whether RNA
levels are compared qualitatively or quantitatively.
[0252] All patents and publications mentioned in the specification
are indicative of the levels of skill of those skilled in the art
to which the invention pertains. All references cited in this
disclosure are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if
each reference had been incorporated by reference in its entirety
individually.
[0253] One skilled in the art would readily appreciate that the
present invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and
obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent
therein. The methods and compositions described herein as presently
representative of preferred embodiments are exemplary and are not
intended as limitations on the scope of the invention. Changes
therein and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art,
which are encompassed within the spirit of the invention, are
defined by the scope of the claims.
[0254] It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that
varying substitutions and modifications may be made to the
invention disclosed herein without departing from the scope and
spirit of the invention. Thus, such additional embodiments are
within the scope of the present invention and the following
claims.
[0255] The invention illustratively described herein suitably may
be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, limitation
or limitations that are not specifically disclosed herein. Thus,
for example, in each instance herein any of the terms "comprising",
"consisting essentially of" and "consisting of" may be replaced
with either of the other two terms. The terms and expressions which
have been employed are used as terms of description and not of
limitation, and there is no intention that in the use of such terms
and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown
and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that
various modifications are possible within the scope of the
invention claimed. Thus, it should be understood that although the
present invention has been specifically disclosed by preferred
embodiments, optional features, modification and variation of the
concepts herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in
the art, and that such modifications and variations are considered
to be within the scope of this invention as defined by the
description and the appended claims.
[0256] In addition, where features or aspects of the invention are
described in terms of Markush groups or other grouping of
alternatives, those skilled in the art will recognize that the
invention is also thereby described in terms of any individual
member or subgroup of members of the Markush group or other
group.
1TABLE I NOGO target and siRNA sequences Seq Seq Seq Pos Target
Sequence ID UPos Upper seq ID LPos Lower seq ID 1
CACCACAGUAGGUCCCUCG 1 1 CACCACAGUAGGUCCCUCG 1 23 #NAME? 227 19
GGCUCAGUCGGCCCAGCCC 2 19 GGCUCAGUCGGCCCAGCCC 2 41
GGGCUGGGCCGACUGAGCC 228 37 CCUCUCAGUCCUCCCCAAC 3 37
CCUCUCAGUCCUCCCCAAC 3 59 GUUGGGGAGGACUGAGAGG 229 55
CCCCCACAACCGCCCGCGG 4 55 CCCCCACAACCGCCCGCGG 4 77
CCGCGGGCGGUUGUGGGGG 230 73 GCUCUGAGACGCGGCCCCG 5 73
GCUCUGAGACGCGGCCCCG 5 95 CGGGGCCGCGUCUCAGAGC 231 91
GGCGGCGGCGGCAGCAGCU 6 91 GGCGGCGGCGGCAGCAGCU 6 113
AGCUGCUGCCGCCGCCGCC 232 109 UGCAGCAUCAUCUCCACCC 7 109
UGCAGCAUCAUCUCCACCC 7 131 GGGUGGAGAUGAUGCUGCA 233 127
CUCCAGCCAUGGAAGACCU 8 127 CUCCAGCCAUGGAAGACCU 8 149
AGGUCUUCCAUGGCUGGAG 234 145 UGGACCAGUCUCCUCUGGU 9 145
UGGACCAGUCUCCUCUGGU 9 167 ACCAGAGGAGACUGGUCCA 235 163
UCUCGUCCUCGGACAGCCC 10 163 UCUCGUCCUCGGACAGCCC 10 185
GGGCUGUCCGAGGACGAGA 236 181 CACCCCGGCCGCAGCCCGC 11 181
CACCCCGGCCGCAGCCCGC 11 203 GCGGGCUGCGGCCGGGGUG 237 199
CGUUCAAGUACCAGUUCGU 12 199 CGUUCAAGUACCAGUUCGU 12 221
ACGAACUGGUACUUGAACG 238 217 UGAGGGAGCCCGAGGACGA 13 217
UGAGGGAGCCCGAGGACGA 13 239 UCGUCCUCGGGCUCCCUCA 239 235
AGGAGGAAGAAGAGGAGGA 14 235 AGGAGGAAGAAGAGGAGGA 14 257
UCCUCCUCUUCUUCCUCCU 240 253 AGGAAGAGGAGGACGAGGA 15 253
AGGAAGAGGAGGACGAGGA 15 275 UCCUCGUCCUCCUCUUCCU 241 271
ACGAAGACCUGGAGGAGCU 16 271 ACGAAGACCUGGAGGAGCU 16 293
AGCUCCUCCAGGUCUUCGU 242 289 UGGAGGUGCUGGAGAGGAA 17 289
UGGAGGUGCUGGAGAGGAA 17 311 UUCCUCUCCAGCACCUCCA 243 307
AGCCCGCCGCCGGGCUGUC 18 307 AGCCCGCCGCCGGGCUGUC 18 329
GACAGCCCGGCGGCGGGCU 244 325 CCGCGGCCCCAGUGCCCAC 19 325
CCGCGGCCCCAGUGCCCAC 19 347 GUGGGCACUGGGGCCGCGG 245 343
CCGCCCCUGCCGCCGGCGC 20 343 CCGCCCCUGCCGCCGGCGC 20 365
GCGCCGGCGGCAGGGGCGG 246 361 CGCCCCUGAUGGACUUCGG 21 361
CGCCCCUGAUGGACUUCGG 21 383 CCGAAGUCCAUCAGGGGCG 247 379
GAAAUGACUUCGUGCCGCC 22 379 GAAAUGACUUCGUGCCGCC 22 401
GGCGGCACGAAGUCAUUUC 248 397 CGGCGCCCCGGGGACCCCU 23 397
CGGCGCCCCGGGGACCCCU 23 419 AGGGGUCCCCGGGGCGCCG 249 415
UGCCGGCCGCUCCCCCCGU 24 415 UGCCGGCCGCUCCCCCCGU 24 437
ACGGGGGGAGCGGCCGGCA 250 433 UCGCCCCGGAGCGGCAGCC 25 433
UCGCCCCGGAGCGGCAGCC 25 455 GGCUGCCGCUCCGGGGCGA 251 451
CGUCUUGGGACCCGAGCCC 26 451 CGUCUUGGGACCCGAGCCC 26 473
GGGCUCGGGUCCCAAGACG 252 469 CGGUGUCGUCGACCGUGCC 27 469
CGGUGUCGUCGACCGUGCC 27 491 GGCACGGUCGACGACACCG 253 487
CCGCGCCAUCCCCGCUGUC 28 487 CCGCGCCAUCCCCGCUGUC 28 509
GACAGCGGGGAUGGCGCGG 254 505 CUGCUGCCGCAGUCUCGCC 29 505
CUGCUGCCGCAGUCUCGCC 29 527 GGCGAGACUGCGGCAGCAG 255 523
CCUCCAAGCUCCCUGAGGA 30 523 CCUCCAAGCUCCCUGAGGA 30 545
UCCUCAGGGAGCUUGGAGG 256 541 ACGACGAGCCUCCGGCCCG 31 541
ACGACGAGCCUCCGGCCCG 31 563 CGGGCCGGAGGCUCGUCGU 257 559
GGCCUCCCCCUCCUCCCCC 32 559 GGCCUCCCCCUCCUCCCCC 32 581
GGGGGAGGAGGGGGAGGCC 258 577 CGGCCAGCGUGAGCCCCCA 33 577
CGGCCAGCGUGAGCCCCCA 33 599 UGGGGGCUCACGCUGGCCG 259 595
AGGCAGAGCCCGUGUGGAC 34 595 AGGCAGAGCCCGUGUGGAC 34 617
GUCCACACGGGCUCUGCCU 260 613 CCCCGCCAGCCCCGGCUCC 35 613
CCCCGCCAGCCCCGGCUCC 35 635 GGAGCCGGGGCUGGCGGGG 261 631
CCGCCGCGCCCCCCUCCAC 36 631 CCGCCGCGCCCCCCUCCAC 36 653
GUGGAGGGGGGCGCGGCGG 262 649 CCCCGGCCGCGCCCAAGCG 37 649
CCCCGGCCGCGCCCAAGCG 37 671 CGCUUGGGCGCGGCCGGGG 263 667
GCAGGGGCUCCUCGGGCUC 38 667 GCAGGGGCUCCUCGGGCUC 38 689
GAGCCCGAGGAGCCCCUGC 264 685 CAGUGGAUGAGACCCUUUU 39 685
CAGUGGAUGAGACCCUUUU 39 707 AAAAGGGUCUCAUCCACUG 265 703
UUGCUCUUCCUGCUGCAUC 40 703 UUGCUCUUCCUGCUGCAUC 40 725
GAUGCAGCAGGAAGAGCAA 266 721 CUGAGCCUGUGAUACGCUC 41 721
CUGAGCCUGUGAUACGCUC 41 743 GAGCGUAUCACAGGCUCAG 267 739
CCUCUGCAGAAAAUAUGGA 42 739 CCUCUGCAGAAAAUAUGGA 42 761
UCCAUAUUUUCUGCAGAGG 268 757 ACUUGAAGGAGCAGCCAGG 43 757
ACUUGAAGGAGCAGCCAGG 43 779 CCUGGCUGCUCCUUCAAGU 269 775
GUAACACUAUUUCGGCUGG 44 775 GUAACACUAUUUCGGCUGG 44 797
CCAGCCGAAAUAGUGUUAC 270 793 GUCAAGAGGAUUUCCCAUC 45 793
GUCAAGAGGAUUUCCCAUC 45 815 GAUGGGAAAUCCUCUUGAC 271 811
CUGUCCUGCUUGAAACUGC 46 811 CUGUCCUGCUUGAAACUGC 46 833
GCAGUUUCAAGCAGGACAG 272 829 CUGCUUCUCUUCCUUCUCU 47 829
CUGCUUCUCUUCCUUCUCU 47 851 AGAGAAGGAAGAGAAGCAG 273 847
UGUCUCCUCUCUCAGCCGC 48 847 UGUCUCCUCUCUCAGCCGC 48 869
GCGGCUGAGAGAGGAGACA 274 865 CUUCUUUCAAAGAACAUGA 49 865
CUUCUUUCAAAGAACAUGA 49 887 UCAUGUUCUUUGAAAGAAG 275 883
AAUACCUUGGUAAUUUGUC 50 883 AAUACCUUGGUAAUUUGUC 50 905
GACAAAUUACCAAGGUAUU 276 901 CAACAGUAUUACCCACUGA 51 901
CAACAGUAUUACCCACUGA 51 923 UCAGUGGGUAAUACUGUUG 277 919
AAGGAACACUUCAAGAAAA 52 919 AAGGAACACUUCAAGAAAA 52 941
UUUUCUUGAAGUGUUCCUU 278 937 AUGUCAGUGAAGCUUCUAA 53 937
AUGUCAGUGAAGCUUCUAA 53 959 UUAGAAGCUUCACUGACAU 279 955
AAGAGGUCUCAGAGAAGGC 54 955 AAGAGGUCUCAGAGAAGGC 54 977
GCCUUCUCUGAGACCUCUU 280 973 CAAAAACUCUACUCAUAGA 55 973
CAAAAACUCUACUCAUAGA 55 995 UCUAUGAGUAGAGUUUUUG 281 991
AUAGAGAUUUAACAGAGUU 56 991 AUAGAGAUUUAACAGAGUU 56 1013
AACUCUGUUAAAUCUCUAU 282 1009 UUUCAGAAUUAGAAUACUC 57 1009
UUUCAGAAUUAGAAUACUC 57 1031 GAGUAUUCUAAUUCUGAAA 283 1027
CAGAAAUGGGAUCAUCGUU 58 1027 CAGAAAUGGGAUCAUCGUU 58 1049
AACGAUGAUCCCAUUUCUG 284 1045 UCAGUGUCUCUCCAAAAGC 59 1045
UCAGUGUCUCUCCAAAAGC 59 1067 GCUUUUGGAGAGACACUGA 285 1063
CAGAAUCUGCCGUAAUAGU 60 1063 CAGAAUCUGCCGUAAUAGU 60 1085
ACUAUUACGGCAGAUUCUG 286 1081 UAGCAAAUCCUAGGGAAGA 61 1081
UAGCAAAUCCUAGGGAAGA 61 1103 UCUUCCCUAGGAUUUGCUA 287 1099
AAAUAAUCGUGAAAAAUAA 62 1099 AAAUAAUCGUGAAPAAUAA 62 1121
UUAUUUUUCACGAUUAUUU 288 1117 AAGAUGAAGAAGAGAAGUU 63 1117
AAGAUGAAGAAGAGAAGUU 63 1139 AACUUCUCUUCUUCAUCUU 289 1135
UAGUUAGUAAUAACAUCCU 64 1135 UAGUUAGUAAUAACAUCCU 64 1157
AGGAUGUUAUUACUAACUA 290 1153 UUCAUAAUCAACAAGAGUU 65 1153
UUCAUAAUCAACAAGAGUU 65 1175 AACUCUUGUUGAUUAUGAA 291 1171
UACCUACAGCUCUUACUAA 66 1171 UACCUACAGCUCUUACUAA 66 1193
UUAGUAAGAGCUGUAGGUA 292 1189 AAUUGGUUAAAGAGGAUGA 67 1189
AAUUGGUUAAAGAGGAUGA 67 1211 UCAUCCUCUUUAACCAAUU 293 1207
AAGUUGUGUCUUCAGAAAA 68 1207 AAGUUGUGUCUUCAGAAAA 68 1229
UUUUCUGAAGACACAACUU 294 1225 AAGCAAAAGACAGUUUUAA 69 1225
AAGCAAAAGACAGUUUUAA 69 1247 UUAAAACUGUCUUUUGCUU 295 1243
AUGAAAAGAGAGUUGCAGU 70 1243 AUGAAAAGAGAGUUGCAGU 70 1265
ACUGCAACUCUCUUUUCAU 296 1261 UGGAAGCUCCUAUGAGGGA 71 1261
UGGAAGCUCCUAUGAGGGA 71 1283 UCCCUCAUAGGAGCUUCCA 297 1279
AGGAAUAUGCAGACUUCAA 72 1279 AGGAAUAUGCAGACUUCAA 72 1301
UUGAAGUCUGCAUAUUCCU 298 1297 AACCAUUUGAGCGAGUAUG 73 1297
AACCAUUUGAGCGAGUAUG 73 1319 CAUACUCGCUCAAAUGGUU 299 1315
GGGAAGUGAAAGAUAGUAA 74 1315 GGGAAGUGAAAGAUAGUAA 74 1337
UUACUAUCUUUCACUUCCC 300 1333 AGGAAGAUAGUGAUAUGUU 75 1333
AGGAAGAUAGUGAUAUGUU 75 1355 AACAUAUCACUAUCUUCCU 301 1351
UGGCUGCUGGAGGUAAAAU 76 1351 UGGCUGCUGGAGGUAAAAU 76 1373
AUUUUACCUCCAGCAGCCA 302 1369 UCGAGAGCAACUUGGAAAG 77 1369
UCGAGAGCAACUUGGAAAG 77 1391 CUUUCCAAGUUGCUCUCGA 303 1387
GUAAAGUGGAUAAAAAAUG 78 1387 GUAAAGUGGAUAAAAAAUG 78 1409
CAUUUUUUAUCCACUUUAC 304 1405 GUUUUGCAGAUAGCCUUGA 79 1405
GUUUUGCAGAUAGCCUUGA 79 1427 UCAAGGCUAUCUGCAAAAC 305 1423
AGCAAACUAAUCACGAAAA 80 1423 AGCAAACUAAUCACGAAAA 80 1445
UUUUCGUGAUUAGUUUGCU 306 1441 AAGAUAGUGAGAGUAGUAA 81 1441
AAGAUAGUGAGAGUAGUAA 81 1463 UUACUACUCUCACUAUCUU 307 1459
AUGAUGAUACUUCUUUCCC 82 1459 AUGAUGAUACUUCUUUCCC 82 1481
GGGAAAGAAGUAUCAUCAU 308 1477 CCAGUACGCCAGAAGGUAU 83 1477
CCAGUACGCCAGAAGGUAU 83 1499 AUACCUUCUGGCGUACUGG 309 1495
UAAAGGAUCGUUCAGGAGC 84 1495 UAAAGGAUCGUUCAGGAGC 84 1517
GCUCCUGAACGAUCCUUUA 310 1513 CAUAUAUCACAUGUGCUCC 85 1513
CAUAUAUCACAUGUGCUCC 85 1535 GGAGCACAUGUGAUAUAUG 311 1531
CCUUUAACCCAGCAGCAAC 86 1531 CCUUUAACCCAGCAGCAAC 86 1553
GUUGCUGCUGGGUUAAAGG 312 1549 CUGAGAGCAUUGCAACAAA 87 1549
CUGAGAGCAUUGCAACAAA 87 1571 UUUGUUGCAAUGCUCUCAG 313 1567
ACAUUUUUCCUUUGUUAGG 88 1567 ACAUUUUUCCUUUGUUAGG 88 1589
CCUAACAAAGGAAAAAUGU 314 1585 GAGAUCCUACUUCAGAAAA 89 1585
GAGAUCCUACUUCAGAAAA 89 1607 UUUUCUGAAGUAGGAUCUC 315 1603
AUAAGACCGAUGAAAAAAA 90 1603 AUAAGACCGAUGAAAAAAA 90 1625
UUUUUUUCAUCGGUCUUAU 316 1621 AAAUAGAAGAAAAGAAGGC 91 1621
AAAUAGAAGAAAAGAAGGC 91 1643 GCCUUCUUUUCUUCUAUUU 317 1639
CCCAAAUAGUAACAGAGAA 92 1639 CCCAAAUAGUAACAGAGAA 92 1661
UUCUCUGUUACUAUUUGGG 318 1657 AGAAUACUAGCACCAAAAC 93 1657
AGAAUACUAGCACCAAAAC 93 1679 GUUUUGGUGCUAGUAUUCU 319 1675
CAUCAAACCCUUUUCUUGU 94 1675 CAUCAAACCCUUUUCUUGU 94 1697
ACAAGAAAAGGGUUUGAUG 320 1693 UAGCAGCACAGGAUUCUGA 95 1693
UAGCAGCACAGGAUUCUGA 95 1715 UCAGAAUCCUGUGCUGCUA 321 1711
AGACAGAUUAUGUCACAAC 96 1711 AGACAGAUUAUGUCACAAC 96 1733
GUUGUGACAUAAUCUGUCU 322 1729 CAGAUAAUUUAACAAAGGU 97 1729
CAGAUAAUUUAACAAAGGU 97 1751 ACCUUUGUUAAAUUAUCUG 323 1747
UGACUGAGGAAGUCGUGGC 98 1747 UGACUGAGGAAGUCGUGGC 98 1769
GCCACGACUUCCUCAGUCA 324 1765 CAAACAUGCCUGAAGGCCU 99 1765
CAAACAUGCCUGAAGGCCU 99 1787 AGGCCUUCAGGCAUGUUUG 325 1783
UGACUCCAGAUUUAGUACA 100 1783 UGACUCCAGAUUUAGUACA 100 1805
UGUACUAAAUCUGGAGUCA 326 1801 AGGAAGCAUGUGAAAGUGA 101 1801
AGGAAGCAUGUGAAAGUGA 101 1823 UCACUUUCACAUGCUUCCU 327 1819
AAUUGAAUGAAGUUACUGG 102 1819 AAUUGAAUGAAGUUACUGG 102 1841
CCAGUAACUUCAUUCAAUU 328 1837 GUACAAAGAUUGCUUAUGA 103 1837
GUACAAAGAUUGCUUAUGA 103 1859 UCAUAAGCAAUCUUUGUAC 329 1855
AAACAAAAAUGGACUUGGU 104 1855 AAACAAAAAUGGACUUGGU 104 1877
ACCAAGUCCAUUUUUGUUU 330 1873 UUCAAACAUCAGAAGUUAU 105 1873
UUCAAACAUCAGAAGUUAU 105 1895 AUAACUUCUGAUGUUUGAA 331 1891
UGCAAGAGUCACUCUAUCC 106 1891 UGCAAGAGUCACUCUAUCC 106 1913
GGAUAGAGUGACUCUUGCA 332 1909 CUGCAGCACAGCUUUGCCC 107 1909
CUGCAGCACAGCUUUGCCC 107 1931 GGGCAAAGCUGUGCUGCAG 333 1927
CAUCAUUUGAAGAGUCAGA 108 1927 CAUCAUUUGAAGAGUCAGA 108 1949
UCUGACUCUUCAAAUGAUG 334 1945 AAGCUACUCCUUCACCAGU 109 1945
AAGCUACUCCUUCACCAGU 109 1967 ACUGGUGAAGGAGUAGCUU 335 1963
UUUUGCCUGACAUUGUUAU 110 1963 UUUUGCCUGACAUUGUUAU 110 1985
AUAACAAUGUCAGGCAAAA 336 1981 UGGAAGCACCAUUGAAUUC 111 1981
UGGAAGCACCAUUGAAUUC 111 2003 GAAUUCAAUGGUGCUUCCA 337 1999
CUGCAGUUCCUAGUGCUGG 112 1999 CUGCAGUUCCUAGUGCUGG 112 2021
CCAGCACUAGGAACUGCAG 338 2017 GUGCUUCCGUGAUACAGCC 113 2017
GUGCUUCCGUGAUACAGCC 113 2039 GGCUGUAUCACGGAAGCAC 339 2035
CCAGCUCAUCACCAUUAGA 114 2035 CCAGCUCAUCACCAUUAGA 114 2057
UCUAAUGGUGAUGAGCUGG 340 2053 AAGCUUCUUCAGUUAAUUA 115 2053
AAGCUUCUUCAGUUAAUUA 115 2075 UAAUUAACUGAAGAAGCUU 341 2071
AUGAAAGCAUAAAACAUGA 116 2071 AUGAAAGCAUAAAACAUGA 116 2093
UCAUGUUUUAUGCUUUCAU 342 2089 AGCCUGAAAACCCCCCACC 117 2089
AGCCUGAAAACCCCCCACC 117 2111 GGUGGGGGGUUUUCAGGCU 343 2107
CAUAUGAAGAGGCCAUGAG 118 2107 CAUAUGAAGAGGCCAUGAG 118 2129
CUCAUGGCCUCUUCAUAUG 344 2125 GUGUAUCACUAAAAAAAGU 119 2125
GUGUAUCACUAAAAAAAGU 119 2147 ACUUUUUUUAGUGAUACAC 345 2143
UAUCAGGAAUAAAGGAAGA 120 2143 UAUCAGGAAUAAAGGAAGA 120 2165
UCUUCCUUUAUUCCUGAUA 346 2161 AAAUUAAAGAGCCUGAAAA 121 2161
AAAUUAAAGAGCCUGAAAA 121 2183 UUUUCAGGCUCUUUAAUUU 347 2179
AUAUUAAUGCAGCUCUUCA 122 2179 AUAUUAAUGCAGCUCUUCA 122 2201
UGAAGAGCUGCAUUAAUAU 348 2197 AAGAAACAGAAGCUCCUUA 123 2197
AAGAAACAGAAGCUCCUUA 123 2219 UAAGGAGCUUCUGUUUCUU 349 2215
AUAUAUCUAUUGCAUGUGA 124 2215 AUAUAUCUAUUGCAUGUGA 124 2237
UCACAUGCAAUAGAUAUAU 350 2233 AUUUAAUUAAAGAAACAAA 125 2233
AUUUAAUUAAAGAAACAAA 125 2255 UUUGUUUCUUUAAUUAAAU 351 2251
AGCUUUCUGCUGAACCAGC 126 2251 AGCUUUCUGCUGAACCAGC 126 2273
GCUGGUUCAGCAGAAAGCU 352 2269 CUCCGGAUUUCUCUGAUUA 127 2269
CUCCGGAUUUCUCUGAUUA 127 2291 UAAUCAGAGAAAUCCGGAG 353 2287
AUUCAGAAAUGGCAAAAGU 128 2287 AUUCAGAAAUGGCAAAAGU 128 2309
ACUUUUGCCAUUUCUGAAU 354 2305 UUGAACAGCCAGUGCCUGA 129 2305
UUGAACAGCCAGUGCCUGA 129 2327 UCAGGCACUGGCUGUUCAA 355 2323
AUCAUUCUGAGCUAGUUGA 130 2323 AUCAUUCUGAGCUAGUUGA 130 2345
UCAACUAGCUCAGAAUGAU 356 2341 AAGAUUCCUCACCUGAUUC 131 2341
AAGAUUCCUCACCUGAUUC 131 2363 GAAUCAGGUGAGGAAUCUU 357 2359
CUGAACCAGUUGACUUAUU 132 2359 CUGAACCAGUUGACUUAUU 132 2381
AAUAAGUCAACUGGUUCAG 358 2377 UUAGUGAUGAUUCAAUACC 133 2377
UUAGUGAUGAUUCAAUACC 133 2399 GGUAUUGAAUCAUCACUAA 359 2395
CUGACGUUCCACAAAAACA 134 2395 CUGACGUUCCACAAAAACA 134 2417
UGUUUUUGUGGAACGUCAG 360 2413 AAGAUGAAACUGUGAUGCU 135 2413
AAGAUGAAACUGUGAUGCU 135 2435 AGCAUCACAGUUUCAUCUU 361 2431
UUGUGAAAGAAAGUCUCAC 136 2431 UUGUGAAAGAAAGUCUCAC 136 2453
GUGAGACUUUCUUUCACAA 362 2449 CUGAGACUUCAUUUGAGUC 137 2449
CUGAGACUUCAUUUGAGUC 137 2471 GACUCAAAUGAAGUCUCAG 363 2467
CAAUGAUAGAAUAUGAAAA 138 2467 CAAUGAUAGAAUAUGAAAA 138 2489
UUUUCAUAUUCUAUCAUUG 364 2485 AUAAGGAAAAACUCAGUGC 139 2485
AUAAGGAAAAACUCAGUGC 139 2507 GCACUGAGUUUUUCCUUAU 365 2503
CUUUGCCACCUGAGGGAGG 140 2503 CUUUGCCACCUGAGGGAGG 140 2525
CCUCCCUCAGGUGGCAAAG 366 2521 GAAAGCCAUAUUUGGAAUC 141 2521
GAAAGCCAUAUUUGGAAUC 141 2543 GAUUCCAAAUAUGGCUUUC 367 2539
CUUUUAAGCUCAGUUUAGA 142 2539 CUUUUAAGCUCAGUUUAGA 142 2561
UCUAAACUGAGCUUAAAAG 368 2557 AUAACACAAAAGAUACCCU 143 2557
AUAACACAAAAGAUACCCU 143 2579 AGGGUAUCUUUUGUGUUAU 369 2575
UGUUACCUGAUGAAGUUUC 144 2575 UGUUACCUGAUGAAGUUUC 144 2597
GAAACUUCAUCAGGUAACA 370 2593 CAACAUUGAGCAAAAAGGA 145 2593
CAACAUUGAGCAAAAAGGA 145 2615 UCCUUUUUGCUCAAUGUUG 371 2611
AGAAAAUUCCUUUGCAGAU 146 2611 AGAAAAUUCCUUUGCAGAU 146 2633
AUCUGCAAAGGAAUUUUCU 372 2629 UGGAGGAGCUCAGUACUGC 147 2629
UGGAGGAGCUCAGUACUGC 147 2651 GCAGUACUGAGCUCCUCCA 373 2647
CAGUUUAUUCAAAUGAUGA 148 2647 CAGUUUAUUCAAAUGAUGA 148 2669
UCAUCAUUUGAAUAAACUG 374 2665 ACUUAUUUAUUUCUAAGGA 149 2665
ACUUAUUUAUUUCUAAGGA 149 2687 UCCUUAGAAAUAAAUAAGU 375 2683
AAGCACAGAUAAGAGAAAC 150 2683 AAGCACAGAUAAGAGAAAC 150 2705
GUUUCUCUUAUCUGUGCUU 376 2701 CUGAAACGUUUUCAGAUUC 151 2701
CUGAAACGUUUUCAGAUUC 151 2723 GAAUCUGAAAACGUUUCAG 377 2719
CAUCUCCAAUUGAAAUUAU 152 2719 CAUCUCCAAUUGAAAUUAU 152 2741
AUAAUUUCAAUUGGAGAUG 378 2737 UAGAUGAGUUCCCUACAUU 153 2737
UAGAUGAGUUCCCUACAUU 153 2759 AAUGUAGGGAACUCAUCUA 379 2755
UGAUCAGUUCUAAAACUGA 154 2755 UGAUCAGUUCUAAAACUGA 154 2777
UCAGUUUUAGAACUGAUCA 380 2773 AUUCAUUUUCUAAAUUAGC 155 2773
AUUCAUUUUCUAAAUUAGC 155 2795 GCUAAUUUAGAAAAUGAAU 381 2791
CCAGGGAAUAUACUGACCU 156 2791 CCAGGGAAUAUACUGACCU 156 2813
AGGUCAGUAUAUUCCCUGG 382 2809 UAGAAGUAUCCCACAAAAG 157 2809
UAGAAGUAUCCCACAAAAG 157 2831 CUUUUGUGGGAUACUUCUA 383 2827
GUGAAAUUGCUAAUGCCCC 158 2827 GUGAAAUUGCUAAUGCCCC 158 2849
GGGGCAUUAGCAAUUUCAC 384 2845 CGGAUGGAGCUGGGUCAUU 159 2845
CGGAUGGAGCUGGGUCAUU 159 2867 AAUGACCCAGCUCCAUCCG 385 2863
UGCCUUGCACAGAAUUGCC 160 2863 UGCCUUGCACAGAAUUGCC 160 2885
GGCAAUUCUGUGCAAGGCA 386 2881 CCCAUGACCUUUCUUUGAA 161 2881
CCCAUGACCUUUCUUUGAA 161 2903 UUCAAAGAAAGGUCAUGGG 387 2899
AGAACAUACAACCCAAAGU 162 2899 AGAACAUACAACCCAAAGU 162 2921
ACUUUGGGUUGUAUGUUCU 388 2917 UUGAAGAGAAAAUCAGUUU 163 2917
UUGAAGAGAAAAUCAGUUU 163 2939 AAACUGAUUUUCUCUUCAA 389 2935
UCUCAGAUGACUUUUCUAA 164 2935 UCUCAGAUGACUUUUCUAA 164 2957
UUAGAAAAGUCAUCUGAGA 390 2953 AAAAUGGGUCUGCUACAUC 165 2953
AAAAUGGGUCUGCUACAUC 165 2975 GAUGUAGCAGACCCAUUUU 391 2971
CAAAGGUGCUCUUAUUGCC 166 2971 CAAAGGUGCUCUUAUUGCC 166 2993
GGCAAUAAGAGCACCUUUG 392 2989 CUCCAGAUGUUUCUGCUUU 167 2989
CUCCAGAUGUUUCUGCUUU 167 3011 AAAGCAGAAACAUCUGGAG 393 3007
UGGCCACUCAAGCAGAGAU 168 3007 UGGCCACUCAAGCAGAGAU 168 3029
AUCUCUGCUUGAGUGGCCA 394 3025 UAGAGAGCAUAGUUAAACC 169 3025
UAGAGAGCAUAGUUAAACC 169 3047 GGUUUAACUAUGCUCUCUA 395 3043
CCAAAGUUCUUGUGAAAGA 170 3043 CCAAAGUUCUUGUGAAAGA 170 3065
UCUUUCACAAGAACUUUGG 396 3061
AAGCUGAGAAAAAACUUCC 171 3061 AAGCUGAGAAAAAACUUCC 171 3083
GGAAGUUUUUUCUCAGCUU 397 3079 CUUCCGAUACAGAAAAAGA 172 3079
CUUCCGAUACAGAAAAAGA 172 3101 UCUUUUUCUGUAUCGGAAG 398 3097
AGGACAGAUCACCAUCUGC 173 3097 AGGACAGAUCACCAUCUGC 173 3119
GCAGAUGGUGAUCUGUCCU 399 3115 CUAUAUUUUCAGCAGAGCU 174 3115
CUAUAUUUUCAGCAGAGCU 174 3137 AGCUCUGCUGAAAAUAUAG 400 3133
UGAGUAAAACUUCAGUUGU 175 3133 UGAGUAAAACUUCAGUUGU 175 3155
ACAACUGAAGUUUUACUCA 401 3151 UUGACCUCCUGUACUGGAG 176 3151
UUGACCUCCUGUACUGGAG 176 3173 CUCCAGUACAGGAGGUCAA 402 3169
GAGACAUUAAGAAGACUGG 177 3169 GAGACAUUAAGAAGACUGG 177 3191
CCAGUCUUCUUAAUGUCUC 403 3187 GAGUGGUGUUUGGUGCCAG 178 3187
GAGUGGUGUUUGGUGCCAG 178 3209 CUGGCACCAAACACCACUC 404 3205
GCCUAUUCCUGCUGCUUUC 179 3205 GCCUAUUCCUGCUGCUUUC 179 3227
GAAAGCAGCAGGAAUAGGC 405 3223 CAUUGACAGUAUUCAGCAU 180 3223
CAUUGACAGUAUUCAGCAU 180 3245 AUGCUGAAUACUGUCAAUG 406 3241
UUGUGAGCGUAACAGCCUA 181 3241 UUGUGAGCGUAACAGCCUA 181 3263
UAGGCUGUUACGCUCACAA 407 3259 ACAUUGCCUUGGCCCUGCU 182 3259
ACAUUGCCUUGGCCCUGCU 182 3281 AGCAGGGCCAAGGCAAUGU 408 3277
UCUCUGUGACCAUCAGCUU 183 3277 UCUCUGUGACCAUCAGCUU 183 3299
AAGCUGAUGGUCACAGAGA 409 3295 UUAGGAUAUACAAGGGUGU 184 3295
UUAGGAUAUACAAGGGUGU 184 3317 ACACCCUUGUAUAUCCUAA 410 3313
UGAUCCAAGCUAUCCAGAA 185 3313 UGAUCCAAGCUAUCCAGAA 185 3335
UUCUGGAUAGCUUGGAUCA 411 3331 AAUCAGAUGAAGGCCACCC 186 3331
AAUCAGAUGAAGGCCACCC 186 3353 GGGUGGCCUUCAUCUGAUU 412 3349
CAUUCAGGGCAUAUCUGGA 187 3349 CAUUCAGGGCAUAUCUGGA 187 3371
UCCAGAUAUGCCCUGAAUG 413 3367 AAUCUGAAGUUGCUAUAUC 188 3367
AAUCUGAAGUUGCUAUAUC 188 3389 GAUAUAGCAACUUCAGAUU 414 3385
CUGAGGAGUUGGUUCAGAA 189 3385 CUGAGGAGUUGGUUCAGAA 189 3407
UUCUGAACCAACUCCUCAG 415 3403 AGUACAGUAAUUCUGCUCU 190 3403
AGUACAGUAAUUCUGCUCU 190 3425 AGAGCAGAAUUACUGUACU 416 3421
UUGGUCAUGUGAACUGCAC 191 3421 UUGGUCAUGUGAACUGCAC 191 3443
GUGCAGUUCACAUGACCAA 417 3439 CGAUAAAGGAACUCAGGCG 192 3439
CGAUAAAGGAACUCAGGCG 192 3461 CGCCUGAGUUCCUUUAUCG 418 3457
GCCUCUUCUUAGUUGAUGA 193 3457 GCCUCUUCUUAGUUGAUGA 193 3479
UCAUCAACUAAGAAGAGGC 419 3475 AUUUAGUUGAUUCUCUGAA 194 3475
AUUUAGUUGAUUCUCUGAA 194 3497 UUCAGAGAAUCAACUAAAU 420 3493
AGUUUGCAGUGUUGAUGUG 195 3493 AGUUUGCAGUGUUGAUGUG 195 3515
CACAUCAACACUGCAAACU 421 3511 GGGUAUUUACCUAUGUUGG 196 3511
GGGUAUUUACCUAUGUUGG 196 3533 CCAACAUAGGUAAAUACCC 422 3529
GUGCCUUGUUUAAUGGUCU 197 3529 GUGCCUUGUUUAAUGGUCU 197 3551
AGACCAUUAAACAAGGCAC 423 3547 UGACACUACUGAUUUUGGC 198 3547
UGACACUACUGAUUUUGGC 198 3569 GCCAAAAUCAGUAGUGUCA 424 3565
CUCUCAUUUCACUCUUCAG 199 3565 CUCUCAUUUCACUCUUCAG 199 3587
CUGAAGAGUGAAAUGAGAG 425 3583 GUGUUCCUGUUAUUUAUGA 200 3583
GUGUUCCUGUUAUUUAUGA 200 3605 UCAUAAAUAACAGGAACAC 426 3601
AACGGCAUCAGGCACAGAU 201 3601 AACGGCAUCAGGCACAGAU 201 3623
AUCUGUGCCUGAUGCCGUU 427 3619 UAGAUCAUUAUCUAGGACU 202 3619
UAGAUCAUUAUCUAGGACU 202 3641 AGUCCUAGAUAAUGAUCUA 428 3637
UUGCAAAUAAGAAUGUUAA 203 3637 UUGCAAAUAAGAAUGUUAA 203 3659
UUAACAUUCUUAUUUGCAA 429 3655 AAGAUGCUAUGGCUAAAAU 204 3655
AAGAUGCUAUGGCUAAAAU 204 3677 AUUUUAGCCAUAGCAUCUU 430 3673
UCCAAGCAAAAAUCCCUGG 205 3673 UCCAAGCAAAAAUCCCUGG 205 3695
CCAGGGAUUUUUGCUUGGA 431 3691 GAUUGAAGCGCAAAGCUGA 206 3691
GAUUGAAGCGCAAAGCUGA 206 3713 UCAGCUUUGCGCUUCAAUC 432 3709
AAUGAAAACGCCCAAAAUA 207 3709 AAUGAAAACGCCCAAAAUA 207 3731
UAUUUUGGGCGUUUUCAUU 433 3727 AAUUAGUAGGAGUUCAUCU 208 3727
AAUUAGUAGGAGUUCAUCU 208 3749 AGAUGAACUCCUACUAAUU 434 3745
UUUAAAGGGGAUAUUCAUU 209 3745 UUUAAAGGGGAUAUUCAUU 209 3767
AAUGAAUAUCCCCUUUAAA 435 3763 UUGAUUAUACGGGGGAGGG 210 3763
UUGAUUAUACGGGGGAGGG 210 3785 CCCUCCCCCGUAUAAUCAA 436 3781
GUCAGGGAAGAACGAACCU 211 3781 GUCAGGGAAGAACGAACCU 211 3803
AGGUUCGUUCUUCCCUGAC 437 3799 UUGACGUUGCAGUGCAGUU 212 3799
UUGACGUUGCAGUGCAGUU 212 3821 AACUGCACUGCAACGUCAA 438 3817
UUCACAGAUCGUUGUUAGA 213 3817 UUCACAGAUCGUUGUUAGA 213 3839
UCUAACAACGAUCUGUGAA 439 3835 AUCUUUAUUUUUAGCCAUG 214 3835
AUCUUUAUUUUUAGCCAUG 214 3857 CAUGGCUAAAAAUAAAGAU 440 3853
GCACUGUUGUGAGGAAAAA 215 3853 GCACUGUUGUGAGGAAAAA 215 3875
UUUUUCCUCACAACAGUGC 441 3871 AUUACCUGUCUUGACUGCC 216 3871
AUUACCUGUCUUGACUGCC 216 3893 GGCAGUCAAGACAGGUAAU 442 3889
CAUGUGUUCAUCAUCUUAA 217 3889 CAUGUGUUCAUCAUCUUAA 217 3911
UUAAGAUGAUGAACACAUG 443 3907 AGUAUUGUAAGCUGCUAUG 218 3907
AGUAUUGUAAGCUGCUAUG 218 3929 CAUAGCAGCUUACAAUACU 444 3925
GUAUGGAUUUAAACCGUAA 219 3925 GUAUGGAUUUAAACCGUAA 219 3947
UUACGGUUUAAAUCCAUAC 445 3943 AUCAUAUCUUUUUCCUAUC 220 3943
AUCAUAUCUUUUUCCUAUC 220 3965 GAUAGGAAAAAGAUAUGAU 446 3961
CUGAGGCACUGGUGGAAUA 221 3961 CUGAGGCACUGGUGGAAUA 221 3983
UAUUCCACCAGUGCCUCAG 447 3979 AAAAAACCUGUAUAUUUUA 222 3979
AAAAAACCUGUAUAUUUUA 222 4001 UAAAAUAUACAGGUUUUUU 448 3997
ACUUUGUUGCAGAUAGUCU 223 3997 ACUUUGUUGCAGAUAGUCU 223 4019
AGACUAUCUGCAACAAAGU 449 4015 UUGCCGCAUCUUGGCAAGU 224 4015
UUGCCGCAUCUUGGCAAGU 224 4037 ACUUGCCAAGAUGCGGCAA 450 4033
UUGCAGAGAUGGUGGAGCU 225 4033 UUGCAGAGAUGGUGGAGCU 225 4055
AGCUCCACCAUCUCUGCAA 451 4035 GCAGAGAUGGUGGAGCUAG 226 4035
GCAGAGAUGGUGGAGCUAG 226 4057 CUAGCUCCACCAUCUCUGC 452 NOGO =
AB020693 (hNogoA) The 3'-ends of the Upper sequence and the Lower
sequence of the siRNA construct can include a overhang sequence,
for example 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleotides in length, preferably 2
nucleotides in length, wherein the overhanging sequence of the
lower sequence is optionally complementary to a portion of the
target sequence. The upper sequence is also referred to as the
sense strand, whereas the lower sequence is also referred to as the
antisense strand.
[0257]
2TABLE II NOGOr target and siRNA sequences Seq Seq Seq Pos Target
Sequence ID UPos Upper seq ID LPos Lower seq ID 1
CCCGAAACGACUUUCAGUC 453 1 CCCGAAACGACUUUCAGUC 453 23
GACUGAAAGUCGUUUCGGG 552 19 CCCCGACGCGCCCCGCCCA 454 19
CCCCGACGCGCCCCGCCCA 454 41 UGGGCGGGGCGCGUCGGGG 553 37
AACCCCUACGAUGAAGAGG 455 37 AACCCCUACGAUGAAGAGG 455 59
CCUCUUCAUCGUAGGGGUU 554 55 GGCGUCCGCUGGAGGGAGC 456 55
GGCGUCCGCUGGAGGGAGC 456 77 GCUCCCUCCAGCGGACGCC 555 73
CCGGCUGCUGGCAUGGGUG 457 73 CCGGCUGCUGGCAUGGGUG 457 95
CACCCAUGCCAGCAGCCGG 556 91 GCUGUGGCUGCAGGCCUGG 458 91
GCUGUGGCUGCAGGCCUGG 458 113 CCAGGCCUGCAGCCACAGC 557 109
GCAGGUGGCAGCCCCAUGC 459 109 GCAGGUGGCAGCCCCAUGC 459 131
GCAUGGGGCUGCCACCUGC 558 127 CCCAGGUGCCUGCGUAUGC 460 127
CCCAGGUGCCUGCGUAUGC 460 149 GCAUACGCAGGCACCUGGG 559 145
CUACAAUGAGCCCAAGGUG 461 145 CUACAAUGAGCCCAAGGUG 461 167
CACCUUGGGCUCAUUGUAG 560 163 GACGACAAGCUGCCCCCAG 462 163
GACGACAAGCUGCCCCCAG 462 185 CUGGGGGCAGCUUGUCGUC 561 181
GCAGGGCCUGCAGGCUGUG 463 181 GCAGGGCCUGCAGGCUGUG 463 203
CACAGCCUGCAGGCCCUGC 562 199 GCCCGUGGGCAUCCCUGCU 464 199
GCCCGUGGGCAUCCCUGCU 464 221 AGCAGGGAUGCCCACGGGC 563 217
UGCCAGCCAGCGCAUCUUC 465 217 UGCCAGCCAGCGCAUCUUC 465 239
GAAGAUGCGCUGGCUGGCA 564 235 CCUGCACGGCAACCGCAUC 466 235
CCUGCACGGCAACCGCAUC 466 257 GAUGCGGUUGCCGUGCAGG 565 253
CUCGCAUGUGCCAGCUGCC 467 253 CUCGCAUGUGCCAGCUGCC 467 275
GGCAGCUGGCACAUGCGAG 566 271 CAGCUUCCGUGCCUGCCGC 468 271
CAGCUUCCGUGCCUGCCGC 468 293 GCGGCAGGCACGGAAGCUG 567 289
CAACCUCACCAUCCUGUGG 469 289 CAACCUCACCAUCCUGUGG 469 311
CCACAGGAUGGUGAGGUUG 568 307 GCUGCACUCGAAUGUGCUG 470 307
GCUGCACUCGAAUGUGCUG 470 329 CAGCACAUUCGAGUGCAGC 569 325
GGCCCGAAUUGAUGCGGCU 471 325 GGCCCGAAUUGAUGCGGCU 471 347
AGCCGCAUCAAUUCGGGCC 570 343 UGCCUUCACUGGCCUGGCC 472 343
UGCCUUCACUGGCCUGGCC 472 365 GGCCAGGCCAGUGAAGGCA 571 361
CCUCCUGGAGCAGCUGGAC 473 361 CCUCCUGGAGCAGCUGGAC 473 383
GUCCAGCUGCUCCAGGAGG 572 379 CCUCAGCGAUAAUGCACAG 474 379
CCUCAGCGAUAAUGCACAG 474 401 CUGUGCAUUAUCGCUGAGG 573 397
GCUCCGGUCUGUGGACCCU 475 397 GCUCCGGUCUGUGGACCCU 475 419
AGGGUCCACAGACCGGAGC 574 415 UGCCACAUUCCACGGCCUG 476 415
UGCCACAUUCCACGGCCUG 476 437 CAGGCCGUGGAAUGUGGCA 575 433
GGGCCGCCUACACACGCUG 477 433 GGGCCGCCUACACACGCUG 477 455
CAGCGUGUGUAGGCGGCCC 576 451 GCACCUGGACCGCUGCGGC 478 451
GCACCUGGACCGCUGCGGC 478 473 GCCGCAGCGGUCCAGGUGC 577 469
CCUGCAGGAGCUGGGCCCG 479 469 CCUGCAGGAGCUGGGCCCG 479 491
CGGGCCCAGCUCCUGCAGG 578 487 GGGGCUGUUCCGCGGCCUG 480 487
GGGGCUGUUCCGCGGCCUG 480 509 CAGGCCGCGGAACAGCCCC 579 505
GGCUGCCCUGCAGUACCUC 481 505 GGCUGCCCUGCAGUACCUC 481 527
GAGGUACUGCAGGGCAGCC 580 523 CUACCUGCAGGACAACGCG 482 523
CUACCUGCAGGACAACGCG 482 545 CGCGUUGUCCUGCAGGUAG 581 541
GCUGCAGGCACUGCCUGAU 483 541 GCUGCAGGCACUGCCUGAU 483 563
AUCAGGCAGUGCCUGCAGC 582 559 UGACACCUUCCGCGACCUG 484 559
UGACACCUUCCGCGACCUG 484 581 CAGGUCGCGGAAGGUGUCA 583 577
GGGCAACCUCACACACCUC 485 577 GGGCAACCUCACACACCUC 485 599
GAGGUGUGUGAGGUUGCCC 584 595 CUUCCUGCACGGCAACCGC 486 595
CUUCCUGCACGGCAACCGC 486 617 GCGGUUGCCGUGCAGGAAG 585 613
CAUCUCCAGCGUGCCCGAG 487 613 CAUCUCCAGCGUGCCCGAG 487 635
CUCGGGCACGCUGGAGAUG 586 631 GCGCGCCUUCCGUGGGCUG 488 631
GCGCGCCUUCCGUGGGCUG 488 653 CAGCCCACGGAAGGCGCGC 587 649
GCACAGCCUCGACCGUCUC 489 649 GCACAGCCUCGACCGUCUC 489 671
GAGACGGUCGAGGCUGUGC 588 667 CCUACUGCACCAGAACCGC 490 667
CCUACUGCACCAGAACCGC 490 689 GCGGUUCUGGUGCAGUAGG 589 685
CGUGGCCCAUGUGCACCCG 491 685 CGUGGCCCAUGUGCACCCG 491 707
CGGGUGCACAUGGGCCACG 590 703 GCAUGCCUUCCGUGACCUU 492 703
GCAUGCCUUCCGUGACCUU 492 725 AAGGUCACGGAAGGCAUGC 591 721
UGGCCGCCUCAUGACACUC 493 721 UGGCCGCCUCAUGACACUC 493 743
GAGUGUCAUGAGGCGGCCA 592 739 CUAUCUGUUUGCCAACAAU 494 739
CUAUCUGUUUGCCAACAAU 494 761 AUUGUUGGCAAACAGAUAG 593 757
UCUAUCAGCGCUGCCCACU 495 757 UCUAUCAGCGCUGCCCACU 495 779
AGUGGGCAGCGCUGAUAGA 594 775 UGAGGCCCUGGCCCCCCUG 496 775
UGAGGCCCUGGCCCCCCUG 496 797 CAGGGGGGCCAGGGCCUCA 595 793
GCGUGCCCUGCAGUACCUG 497 793 GCGUGCCCUGCAGUACCUG 497 815
CAGGUACUGCAGGGCACGC 596 811 GAGGCUCAACGACAACCCC 498 811
GAGGCUCAACGACAACCCC 498 833 GGGGUUGUCGUUGAGCCUC 597 829
CUGGGUGUGUGACUGCCGG 499 829 CUGGGUGUGUGACUGCCGG 499 851
CCGGCAGUCACACACCCAG 598 847 GGCACGCCCACUCUGGGCC 500 847
GGCACGCCCACUCUGGGCC 500 869 GGCCCAGAGUGGGCGUGCC 599 865
CUGGCUGCAGAAGUUCCGC 501 865 CUGGCUGCAGAAGUUCCGC 501 887
GCGGAACUUCUGCAGCCAG 600 883 CGGCUCCUCCUCCGAGGUG 502 883
CGGCUCCUCCUCCGAGGUG 502 905 CACCUCGGAGGAGGAGCCG 601 901
GCCCUGCAGCCUCCCGCAA 503 901 GCCCUGCAGCCUCCCGCAA 503 923
UUGCGGGAGGCUGCAGGGC 602 919 ACGCCUGGCUGGCCGUGAC 504 919
ACGCCUGGCUGGCCGUGAC 504 941 GUCACGGCCAGCCAGGCGU 603 937
CCUCAAACGCCUAGCUGCC 505 937 CCUCAAACGCCUAGCUGCC 505 959
GGCAGCUAGGCGUUUGAGG 604 955 CAAUGACCUGCAGGGCUGC 506 955
CAAUGACCUGCAGGGCUGC 506 977 GCAGCCCUGCAGGUCAUUG 605 973
CGCUGUGGCCACCGGCCCU 507 973 CGCUGUGGCCACCGGCCCU 507 995
AGGGCCGGUGGCCACAGCG 606 991 UUACCAUCCCAUCUGGACC 508 991
UUACCAUCCCAUCUGGACC 508 1013 GGUCCAGAUGGGAUGGUAA 607 1009
CGGCAGGGCCACCGAUGAG 509 1009 CGGCAGGGCCACCGAUGAG 509 1031
CUCAUCGGUGGCCCUGCCG 608 1027 GGAGCCGCUGGGGCUUCCC 510 1027
GGAGCCGCUGGGGCUUCCC 510 1049 GGGAAGCCCCAGCGGCUCC 609 1045
CAAGUGCUGCCAGCCAGAU 511 1045 CAAGUGCUGCCAGCCAGAU 511 1067
AUCUGGCUGGCAGCACUUG 610 1063 UGCCGCUGACAAGGCCUCA 512 1063
UGCCGCUGACAAGGCCUCA 512 1085 UGAGGCCUUGUCAGCGGCA 611 1081
AGUACUGGAGCCUGGAAGA 513 1081 AGUACUGGAGCCUGGAAGA 513 1103
UCUUCCAGGCUCCAGUACU 612 1099 ACCAGCUUCGGCAGGCAAU 514 1099
ACCAGCUUCGGCAGGCAAU 514 1121 AUUGCCUGCCGAAGCUGGU 613 1117
UGCGCUGAAGGGACGCGUG 515 1117 UGCGCUGAAGGGACGCGUG 515 1139
CACGCGUCCCUUCAGCGCA 614 1135 GCCGCCCGGUGACAGCCCG 516 1135
GCCGCCCGGUGACAGCCCG 516 1157 CGGGCUGUCACCGGGCGGC 615 1153
GCCGGGCAACGGCUCUGGC 517 1153 GCCGGGCAACGGCUCUGGC 517 1175
GCCAGAGCCGUUGCCCGGC 616 1171 CCCACGGCACAUCAAUGAC 518 1171
CCCACGGCACAUCAAUGAC 518 1193 GUCAUUGAUGUGCCGUGGG 617 1189
CUCACCCUUUGGGACUCUG 519 1189 CUCACCCUUUGGGACUCUG 519 1211
CAGAGUCCCAAAGGGUGAG 618 1207 GCCUGGCUCUGCUGAGCCC 520 1207
GCCUGGCUCUGCUGAGCCC 520 1229 GGGCUCAGCAGAGCCAGGC 619 1225
CCCGCUCACUGCAGUGCGG 521 1225 CCCGCUCACUGCAGUGCGG 521 1247
CCGCACUGCAGUGAGCGGG 620 1243 GCCCGAGGGCUCCGAGCCA 522 1243
GCCCGAGGGCUCCGAGCCA 522 1265 UGGCUCGGAGCCCUCGGGC 621 1261
ACCAGGGUUCCCCACCUCG 523 1261 ACCAGGGUUCCCCACCUCG 523 1283
CGAGGUGGGGAACCCUGGU 622 1279 GGGCCCUCGCCGGAGGCCA 524 1279
GGGCCCUCGCCGGAGGCCA 524 1301 UGGCCUCCGGCGAGGGCCC 623 1297
AGGCUGUUCACGCAAGAAC 525 1297 AGGCUGUUCACGCAAGAAC 525 1319
GUUCUUGCGUGAACAGCCU 624 1315 CCGCACCCGCAGCCACUGC 526 1315
CCGCACCCGCAGCCACUGC 526 1337 GCAGUGGCUGCGGGUGCGG 625 1333
CCGUCUGGGCCAGGCAGGC 527 1333 CCGUCUGGGCCAGGCAGGC 527 1355
GCCUGCCUGGCCCAGACGG 626 1351 CAGCGGGGGUGGCGGGACU 528 1351
CAGCGGGGGUGGCGGGACU 528 1373 AGUCCCGCCACCCCCGCUG 627 1369
UGGUGACUCAGAAGGCUCA 529 1369 UGGUGACUCAGAAGGCUCA 529 1391
UGAGCCUUCUGAGUCACCA 628 1387 AGGUGCCCUACCCAGCCUC 530 1387
AGGUGCCCUACCCAGCCUC 530 1409 GAGGCUGGGUAGGGCACCU 629 1405
CACCUGCAGCCUCACCCCC 531 1405 CACCUGCAGCCUCACCCCC 531 1427
GGGGGUGAGGCUGCAGGUG 630 1423 CCUGGGCCUGGCGCUGGUG 532 1423
CCUGGGCCUGGCGCUGGUG 532 1445 CACCAGCGCCAGGCCCAGG 631 1441
GCUGUGGACAGUGCUUGGG 533 1441 GCUGUGGACAGUGCUUGGG 533 1463
CCCAAGCACUGUCCACAGC 632 1459 GCCCUGCUGACCCCCAGCG 534 1459
GCCCUGCUGACCCCCAGCG 534 1481 CGCUGGGGGUCAGCAGGGC 633 1477
GGACACAAGAGCGUGCUCA 535 1477 GGACACAAGAGCGUGCUCA 535 1499
UGAGCACGCUCUUGUGUCC 634 1495 AGCAGCCAGGUGUGUGUAC 536 1495
AGCAGCCAGGUGUGUGUAC 536 1517 GUACACACACCUGGCUGCU 635 1513
CAUACGGGGUCUCUCUCCA 537 1513 CAUACGGGGUCUCUCUCCA 537 1535
UGGAGAGAGACCCCGUAUG 636 1531 ACGCCGCCAAGCCAGCCGG 538 1531
ACGCCGCCAAGCCAGCCGG 538 1553 CCGGCUGGCUUGGCGGCGU 637 1549
GGCGGCCGACCCGUGGGGC 539 1549 GGCGGCCGACCCGUGGGGC 539 1571
GCCCCACGGGUCGGCCGCC 638 1567 CAGGCCAGGCCAGGUCCUC 540 1567
CAGGOCAGGOCAGGUCCUC 540 1589 GAGGACCUGGCCUGGCCUG 639 1585
CCCUGAUGGACGCCUGCCG 541 1585 CCCUGAUGGACGCCUGCCG 541 1607
CGGCAGGCGUCCAUCAGGG 640 1603 GCCCGCCACCCCCAUCUCC 542 1603
GCCCGCCACCCCCAUCUCC 542 1625 GGAGAUGGGGGUGGCGGGC 641 1621
CACCCCAUCAUGUUUACAG 543 1621 CACCCCAUCAUGUUUACAG 543 1643
CUGUAAACAUGAUGGGGUG 642 1639 GGGUUCGGCGGCAGCGUUU 544 1639
GGGUUCGGCGGCAGCGUUU 544 1661 AAACGCUGCCGCCGAACCC 643 1657
UGUUCCAGAACGCCGCCUC 545 1657 UGUUCCAGAACGCCGCCUC 545 1679
GAGGCGGCGUUCUGGAACA 644 1675 CCCACCCAGAUCGCGGUAU 546 1675
CCCACCCAGAUCGCGGUAU 546 1697 AUACCGCGAUCUGGGUGGG 645 1693
UAUAGAGAUAUGCAUUUUA 547 1693 UAUAGAGAUAUGCAUUUUA 547 1715
UAAAAUGCAUAUCUCUAUA 646 1711 AUUUUACUUGUGUAAAAAU 548 1711
AUUUUACUUGUGUAAAAAU 548 1733 AUUUUUACACAAGUAAAAU 647 1729
UAUCGGACGACGUGGAAUA 549 1729 UAUCGGACGACGUGGAAUA 549 1751
UAUUCCACGUCGUCCGAUA 648 1747 AAAGAGCUCUUUUCUUAAA 550 1747
AAAGAGCUCUUUUCUUAAA 550 1769 UUUAAGAAAAGAGCUCUUU 649 1762
UAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 551 1762 UAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 551 1784
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUA 650 NOGOr = BC011787 (hNogo-R)
[0258]
3TABLE III Reagent Equivalents Amount Wait Time* DNA Wait Time*
2'-O-methyl Wait Time*RNA A. 2.5 .mu.mol Synthesis Cycle ABI 394
Instrument Phosphoramidites 6.5 163 .mu.L 45 sec 2.5 min 7.5 min
S-Ethyl Tetrazole 23.8 238 .mu.L 45 sec 2.5 min 7.5 min Acetic
Anhydride 100 233 .mu.L 5 sec 5 sec 5 sec N-Methyl 186 233 .mu.L 5
sec 5 sec 5 sec Imidazole TCA 176 2.3 mL 21 sec 21 sec 21 sec
Iodine 11.2 1.7 mL 45 sec 45 sec 45 sec Beaucage 12.9 645 .mu.L 100
sec 300 sec 300 sec Acetonitrile NA 6.67 mL NA NA NA B. 0.2 .mu.mol
Synthesis Cycle ABI 394 Instrument Phosphoramidites 15 31 .mu.L 45
sec 233 sec 465 sec S-Ethyl Tetrazole 38.7 31 .mu.L 45 sec 233 min
465 sec Acetic Anhydride 655 124 .mu.L 5 sec 5 sec 5 sec N-Methyl
1245 124 .mu.L 5 sec 5 sec 5 sec Imidazole TCA 700 732 .mu.L 10 sec
10 sec 10 sec Iodine 20.6 244 .mu.L 15 sec 15 sec 15 sec Beaucage
7.7 232 .mu.L 100 sec 300 sec 300 sec Acetonitrile NA 2.64 mL NA NA
NA C. 0.2 .mu.mol Synthesis Cycle 96 well Instrument Equivalents:
DNA/ Amount: DNA/2'-O- Wait Time* 2'-O- Reagent 2'-O-methyl/Ribo
methyl/Ribo Wait Time* DNA methyl Wait Time* Ribo Phosphoramidites
22/33/66 40/60/120 .mu.L 60 sec 180 sec 360 sec S-Ethyl Tetrazole
70/105/210 40/60/120 .mu.L 60 sec 180 min 360 sec Acetic Anhydride
265/265/265 50/50/50 .mu.L 10 sec 10 sec 10 sec N-Methyl
502/502/502 50/50/50 .mu.L 10 sec 10 sec 10 sec Imidazole TCA
238/475/475 250/500/500 .mu.L 15 sec 15 sec 15 sec Iodine
6.8/6.8/6.8 80/80/80 .mu.L 30 sec 30 sec 30 sec Beaucage 34/51/51
80/120/120 100 sec 200 sec 200 sec Acetonitrile NA 1150/1150/1150
.mu.L NA NA NA Wait time does not include contact time during
delivery. Tandem synthesis utilizes double coupling of linker
molecule
[0259]
Sequence CWU 1
1
674 1 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence
Target sequence/siNA sense region 1 caccacagua ggucccucg 19 2 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 2 ggcucagucg gcccagccc 19 3 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 3 ccucucaguc cuccccaac 19 4 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 4 cccccacaac cgcccgcgg 19 5 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 5 gcucugagac gcggccccg 19 6 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 6 ggcggcggcg gcagcagcu 19 7 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 7 ugcagcauca ucuccaccc 19 8 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 8 cuccagccau ggaagaccu 19 9 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 9 uggaccaguc uccucuggu 19 10 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 10 ucucguccuc ggacagccc 19 11 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 11 caccccggcc gcagcccgc 19 12 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 12 cguucaagua ccaguucgu 19 13 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 13 ugagggagcc cgaggacga 19 14 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 14 aggaggaaga agaggagga 19 15 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 15 aggaagagga ggacgagga 19 16 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 16 acgaagaccu ggaggagcu 19 17 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 17 uggaggugcu ggagaggaa 19 18 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 18 agcccgccgc cgggcuguc 19 19 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 19 ccgcggcccc agugcccac 19 20 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 20 ccgccccugc cgccggcgc 19 21 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 21 cgccccugau ggacuucgg 19 22 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 22 gaaaugacuu cgugccgcc 19 23 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 23 cggcgccccg gggaccccu 19 24 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 24 ugccggccgc uccccccgu 19 25 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 25 ucgccccgga gcggcagcc 19 26 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 26 cgucuuggga cccgagccc 19 27 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 27 cggugucguc gaccgugcc 19 28 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 28 ccgcgccauc cccgcuguc 19 29 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 29 cugcugccgc agucucgcc 19 30 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 30 ccuccaagcu cccugagga 19 31 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 31 acgacgagcc uccggcccg 19 32 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 32 ggccuccccc uccuccccc 19 33 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 33 cggccagcgu gagccccca 19 34 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 34 aggcagagcc cguguggac 19 35 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 35 ccccgccagc cccggcucc 19 36 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 36 ccgccgcgcc ccccuccac 19 37 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 37 ccccggccgc gcccaagcg 19 38 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 38 gcaggggcuc cucgggcuc 19 39 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 39 caguggauga gacccuuuu 19 40 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 40 uugcucuucc ugcugcauc 19 41 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 41 cugagccugu gauacgcuc 19 42 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 42 ccucugcaga aaauaugga 19 43 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 43 acuugaagga gcagccagg 19 44 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 44 guaacacuau uucggcugg 19 45 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 45 gucaagagga uuucccauc 19 46 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 46 cuguccugcu ugaaacugc 19 47 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 47 cugcuucucu uccuucucu 19 48 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 48 ugucuccucu cucagccgc 19 49 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 49 cuucuuucaa agaacauga 19 50 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 50 aauaccuugg uaauuuguc 19 51 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 51 caacaguauu acccacuga 19 52 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 52 aaggaacacu ucaagaaaa 19 53 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 53 augucaguga agcuucuaa 19 54 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 54 aagaggucuc agagaaggc 19 55 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 55 caaaaacucu acucauaga 19 56 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 56 auagagauuu aacagaguu 19 57 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 57 uuucagaauu agaauacuc 19 58 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 58 cagaaauggg aucaucguu 19 59 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 59 ucagugucuc uccaaaagc 19 60 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 60 cagaaucugc cguaauagu 19 61 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 61 uagcaaaucc uagggaaga 19 62 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 62 aaauaaucgu gaaaaauaa 19 63 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 63 aagaugaaga agagaaguu 19 64 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 64 uaguuaguaa uaacauccu 19 65 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 65 uucauaauca acaagaguu 19 66 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 66 uaccuacagc ucuuacuaa 19 67 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 67 aauugguuaa agaggauga 19 68 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 68 aaguuguguc uucagaaaa 19 69 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 69 aagcaaaaga caguuuuaa 19 70 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 70 augaaaagag aguugcagu 19 71 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 71 uggaagcucc uaugaggga 19 72 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 72 aggaauaugc agacuucaa 19 73 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 73 aaccauuuga gcgaguaug 19 74 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 74 gggaagugaa agauaguaa 19 75 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 75 aggaagauag ugauauguu 19 76 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 76 uggcugcugg agguaaaau 19 77 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 77 ucgagagcaa cuuggaaag 19 78 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 78 guaaagugga uaaaaaaug 19 79 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 79 guuuugcaga uagccuuga 19 80 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 80 agcaaacuaa ucacgaaaa 19 81 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 81 aagauaguga gaguaguaa 19 82 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 82 augaugauac uucuuuccc 19 83 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 83 ccaguacgcc agaagguau 19 84 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 84 uaaaggaucg uucaggagc 19 85 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 85 cauauaucac augugcucc 19 86 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 86 ccuuuaaccc agcagcaac 19 87 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 87 cugagagcau ugcaacaaa 19 88 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 88 acauuuuucc uuuguuagg 19 89 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 89 gagauccuac uucagaaaa 19 90 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 90 auaagaccga ugaaaaaaa 19 91 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 91 aaauagaaga aaagaaggc 19 92 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 92 cccaaauagu aacagagaa 19 93 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 93 agaauacuag caccaaaac 19 94 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 94 caucaaaccc uuuucuugu 19 95 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 95 uagcagcaca ggauucuga 19 96 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 96 agacagauua ugucacaac 19 97 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 97 cagauaauuu aacaaaggu
19 98 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence
Target sequence/siNA sense region 98 ugacugagga agucguggc 19 99 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 99 caaacaugcc ugaaggccu 19 100 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 100 ugacuccaga uuuaguaca 19 101 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 101 aggaagcaug ugaaaguga 19 102 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 102 aauugaauga aguuacugg 19 103 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 103 guacaaagau ugcuuauga 19 104 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 104 aaacaaaaau ggacuuggu 19 105 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 105 uucaaacauc agaaguuau 19 106 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 106 ugcaagaguc acucuaucc 19 107 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 107 cugcagcaca gcuuugccc 19 108 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 108 caucauuuga agagucaga 19 109 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 109 aagcuacucc uucaccagu 19 110 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 110 uuuugccuga cauuguuau 19 111 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 111 uggaagcacc auugaauuc 19 112 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 112 cugcaguucc uagugcugg 19 113 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 113 gugcuuccgu gauacagcc 19 114 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 114 ccagcucauc accauuaga 19 115 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 115 aagcuucuuc aguuaauua 19 116 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 116 augaaagcau aaaacauga 19 117 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 117 agccugaaaa ccccccacc 19 118 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 118 cauaugaaga ggccaugag 19 119 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 119 guguaucacu aaaaaaagu 19 120 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 120 uaucaggaau aaaggaaga 19 121 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 121 aaauuaaaga gccugaaaa 19 122 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 122 auauuaaugc agcucuuca 19 123 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 123 aagaaacaga agcuccuua 19 124 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 124 auauaucuau ugcauguga 19 125 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 125 auuuaauuaa agaaacaaa 19 126 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 126 agcuuucugc ugaaccagc 19 127 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 127 cuccggauuu cucugauua 19 128 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 128 auucagaaau ggcaaaagu 19 129 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 129 uugaacagcc agugccuga 19 130 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 130 aucauucuga gcuaguuga 19 131 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 131 aagauuccuc accugauuc 19 132 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 132 cugaaccagu ugacuuauu 19 133 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 133 uuagugauga uucaauacc 19 134 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 134 cugacguucc acaaaaaca 19 135 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 135 aagaugaaac ugugaugcu 19 136 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 136 uugugaaaga aagucucac 19 137 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 137 cugagacuuc auuugaguc 19 138 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 138 caaugauaga auaugaaaa 19 139 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 139 auaaggaaaa acucagugc 19 140 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 140 cuuugccacc ugagggagg 19 141 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 141 gaaagccaua uuuggaauc 19 142 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 142 cuuuuaagcu caguuuaga 19 143 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 143 auaacacaaa agauacccu 19 144 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 144 uguuaccuga ugaaguuuc 19 145 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 145 caacauugag caaaaagga 19 146 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 146 agaaaauucc uuugcagau 19 147 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 147 uggaggagcu caguacugc 19 148 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 148 caguuuauuc aaaugauga 19 149 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 149 acuuauuuau uucuaagga 19 150 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 150 aagcacagau aagagaaac 19 151 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 151 cugaaacguu uucagauuc 19 152 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 152 caucuccaau ugaaauuau 19 153 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 153 uagaugaguu cccuacauu 19 154 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 154 ugaucaguuc uaaaacuga 19 155 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 155 auucauuuuc uaaauuagc 19 156 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 156 ccagggaaua uacugaccu 19 157 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 157 uagaaguauc ccacaaaag 19 158 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 158 gugaaauugc uaaugcccc 19 159 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 159 cggauggagc ugggucauu 19 160 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 160 ugccuugcac agaauugcc 19 161 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 161 cccaugaccu uucuuugaa 19 162 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 162 agaacauaca acccaaagu 19 163 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 163 uugaagagaa aaucaguuu 19 164 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 164 ucucagauga cuuuucuaa 19 165 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 165 aaaauggguc ugcuacauc 19 166 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 166 caaaggugcu cuuauugcc 19 167 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 167 cuccagaugu uucugcuuu 19 168 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 168 uggccacuca agcagagau 19 169 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 169 uagagagcau aguuaaacc 19 170 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 170 ccaaaguucu ugugaaaga 19 171 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 171 aagcugagaa aaaacuucc 19 172 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 172 cuuccgauac agaaaaaga 19 173 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 173 aggacagauc accaucugc 19 174 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 174 cuauauuuuc agcagagcu 19 175 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 175 ugaguaaaac uucaguugu 19 176 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 176 uugaccuccu guacuggag 19 177 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 177 gagacauuaa gaagacugg 19 178 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 178 gagugguguu uggugccag 19 179 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 179 gccuauuccu gcugcuuuc 19 180 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 180 cauugacagu auucagcau 19 181 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 181 uugugagcgu aacagccua 19 182 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 182 acauugccuu ggcccugcu 19 183 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 183 ucucugugac caucagcuu 19 184 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 184 uuaggauaua caagggugu 19 185 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 185 ugauccaagc uauccagaa 19 186 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 186 aaucagauga aggccaccc 19 187 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 187 cauucagggc auaucugga 19 188 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 188 aaucugaagu ugcuauauc 19 189 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 189 cugaggaguu gguucagaa 19 190 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 190 aguacaguaa uucugcucu 19 191 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 191 uuggucaugu gaacugcac 19 192 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 192 cgauaaagga acucaggcg 19 193 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 193 gccucuucuu aguugauga 19 194 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 194 auuuaguuga uucucugaa 19 195 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 195 aguuugcagu guugaugug 19 196 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 196 ggguauuuac cuauguugg 19 197 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 197 gugccuuguu uaauggucu 19 198 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 198 ugacacuacu gauuuuggc 19 199 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 199 cucucauuuc acucuucag 19 200 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 200 guguuccugu uauuuauga 19 201 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 201 aacggcauca ggcacagau 19 202 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 202 uagaucauua ucuaggacu 19 203 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 203 uugcaaauaa gaauguuaa 19 204 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 204 aagaugcuau ggcuaaaau 19 205 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 205 uccaagcaaa aaucccugg 19 206 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 206 gauugaagcg caaagcuga 19 207 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 207 aaugaaaacg cccaaaaua 19 208 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 208 aauuaguagg aguucaucu 19 209 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 209 uuuaaagggg auauucauu 19 210 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 210 uugauuauac gggggaggg 19 211 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 211 gucagggaag aacgaaccu 19 212 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 212 uugacguugc agugcaguu 19 213 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 213 uucacagauc guuguuaga 19 214 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 214 aucuuuauuu uuagccaug 19 215 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 215 gcacuguugu gaggaaaaa 19 216 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 216 auuaccuguc uugacugcc 19 217 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 217 cauguguuca ucaucuuaa 19 218 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 218 aguauuguaa gcugcuaug 19 219 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 219 guauggauuu aaaccguaa 19 220 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 220 aucauaucuu uuuccuauc 19 221 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 221 cugaggcacu gguggaaua 19 222 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 222 aaaaaaccug uauauuuua 19 223 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 223 acuuuguugc agauagucu 19 224 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 224 uugccgcauc uuggcaagu 19 225 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 225 uugcagagau gguggagcu 19 226 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Target
sequence/siNA sense region 226 gcagagaugg uggagcuag 19 227 19 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 227 cgagggaccu acuguggug 19 228 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
228 gggcugggcc gacugagcc 19 229 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 229
guuggggagg acugagagg 19 230 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 230 ccgcgggcgg
uuguggggg 19 231 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 231 cggggccgcg ucucagagc
19 232 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 232 agcugcugcc gccgccgcc 19 233 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 233 ggguggagau gaugcugca 19 234 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
234 aggucuucca uggcuggag 19 235 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 235
accagaggag acuggucca 19 236 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 236 gggcuguccg
aggacgaga 19 237 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 237 gcgggcugcg gccggggug
19 238 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 238 acgaacuggu acuugaacg 19 239 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 239 ucguccucgg gcucccuca 19 240 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
240 uccuccucuu cuuccuccu 19 241 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 241
uccucguccu ccucuuccu 19 242 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 242 agcuccucca
ggucuucgu 19 243 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 243 uuccucucca gcaccucca
19 244 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 244 gacagcccgg cggcgggcu 19 245 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 245 gugggcacug gggccgcgg 19 246 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
246 gcgccggcgg caggggcgg 19 247 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 247
ccgaagucca ucaggggcg 19 248 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 248 ggcggcacga
agucauuuc 19 249 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 249 aggggucccc ggggcgccg
19 250 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 250 acggggggag cggccggca 19 251 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 251 ggcugccgcu ccggggcga 19 252 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
252 gggcucgggu cccaagacg 19 253 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 253
ggcacggucg acgacaccg 19 254 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 254 gacagcgggg
auggcgcgg 19 255 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 255 ggcgagacug cggcagcag
19 256 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 256 uccucaggga gcuuggagg 19 257 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 257 cgggccggag gcucgucgu 19 258 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
258 gggggaggag ggggaggcc 19 259 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 259
ugggggcuca cgcuggccg 19 260 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 260 guccacacgg
gcucugccu 19 261 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 261 ggagccgggg cuggcgggg
19 262 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 262 guggaggggg gcgcggcgg 19 263 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 263 cgcuugggcg cggccgggg 19 264 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
264 gagcccgagg agccccugc 19 265 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 265
aaaagggucu cauccacug 19 266 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 266 gaugcagcag
gaagagcaa 19 267 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 267 gagcguauca caggcucag
19 268 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 268 uccauauuuu cugcagagg 19 269 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 269 ccuggcugcu ccuucaagu 19 270 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
270 ccagccgaaa uaguguuac 19 271 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 271
gaugggaaau ccucuugac 19 272 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 272 gcaguuucaa
gcaggacag 19 273 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 273 agagaaggaa gagaagcag
19 274 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 274 gcggcugaga gaggagaca 19 275 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 275 ucauguucuu ugaaagaag 19 276 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
276 gacaaauuac caagguauu 19 277 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 277
ucagugggua auacuguug 19 278 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 278 uuuucuugaa
guguuccuu 19 279 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 279 uuagaagcuu cacugacau
19 280 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 280 gccuucucug agaccucuu 19 281 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 281 ucuaugagua gaguuuuug 19 282 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
282 aacucuguua aaucucuau 19 283 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 283
gaguauucua auucugaaa 19 284 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 284 aacgaugauc
ccauuucug 19 285 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 285 gcuuuuggag agacacuga
19 286 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 286 acuauuacgg cagauucug 19 287 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 287 ucuucccuag gauuugcua 19 288 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
288 uuauuuuuca cgauuauuu 19 289 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 289
aacuucucuu cuucaucuu 19 290 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 290 aggauguuau
uacuaacua 19 291 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 291 aacucuuguu gauuaugaa
19 292 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 292 uuaguaagag cuguaggua 19 293 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 293 ucauccucuu uaaccaauu 19 294 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
294 uuuucugaag acacaacuu 19 295 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 295
uuaaaacugu cuuuugcuu 19 296 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 296 acugcaacuc
ucuuuucau 19 297 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 297 ucccucauag gagcuucca
19 298 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 298 uugaagucug cauauuccu 19 299 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 299 cauacucgcu caaaugguu 19 300 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
300 uuacuaucuu ucacuuccc 19 301 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 301
aacauaucac uaucuuccu 19 302 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 302 auuuuaccuc
cagcagcca 19 303 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 303 cuuuccaagu ugcucucga
19 304 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 304 cauuuuuuau ccacuuuac 19 305 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 305 ucaaggcuau cugcaaaac 19 306 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
306 uuuucgugau uaguuugcu 19 307 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 307
uuacuacucu cacuaucuu 19 308 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 308 gggaaagaag
uaucaucau 19 309 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 309 auaccuucug gcguacugg
19 310 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 310 gcuccugaac gauccuuua 19 311 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 311 ggagcacaug ugauauaug 19 312 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
312 guugcugcug gguuaaagg 19 313 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 313
uuuguugcaa ugcucucag 19 314 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 314 ccuaacaaag
gaaaaaugu 19 315 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 315 uuuucugaag uaggaucuc
19 316 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 316 uuuuuuucau cggucuuau 19 317 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 317 gccuucuuuu cuucuauuu 19 318 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
318 uucucuguua cuauuuggg 19 319 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 319
guuuuggugc uaguauucu 19 320 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 320 acaagaaaag
gguuugaug 19 321 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 321 ucagaauccu gugcugcua
19 322 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 322 guugugacau aaucugucu 19 323 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 323 accuuuguua aauuaucug 19 324 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
324 gccacgacuu ccucaguca 19 325 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 325
aggccuucag gcauguuug 19 326 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 326 uguacuaaau
cuggaguca 19 327 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 327 ucacuuucac augcuuccu
19 328 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 328 ccaguaacuu cauucaauu 19 329 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 329 ucauaagcaa ucuuuguac 19 330 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
330 accaagucca uuuuuguuu 19 331 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 331
auaacuucug auguuugaa 19 332 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 332 ggauagagug
acucuugca 19 333 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 333 gggcaaagcu gugcugcag
19 334 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 334 ucugacucuu caaaugaug 19 335 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 335 acuggugaag gaguagcuu 19 336 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
336 auaacaaugu caggcaaaa 19 337 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 337
gaauucaaug gugcuucca 19 338 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 338 ccagcacuag
gaacugcag 19 339 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 339 ggcuguauca cggaagcac
19 340 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 340 ucuaauggug augagcugg 19 341 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 341 uaauuaacug aagaagcuu 19 342 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
342 ucauguuuua ugcuuucau 19 343 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 343
gguggggggu uuucaggcu 19 344 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 344 cucauggccu
cuucauaug 19 345 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 345 acuuuuuuua gugauacac
19 346 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 346 ucuuccuuua uuccugaua 19 347 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 347 uuuucaggcu cuuuaauuu 19 348 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
348 ugaagagcug cauuaauau 19 349 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 349
uaaggagcuu cuguuucuu 19 350 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 350 ucacaugcaa
uagauauau 19 351 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 351 uuuguuucuu uaauuaaau
19 352 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 352 gcugguucag cagaaagcu 19 353 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 353 uaaucagaga aauccggag 19 354 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
354 acuuuugcca uuucugaau 19 355 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 355
ucaggcacug gcuguucaa 19 356 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 356 ucaacuagcu
cagaaugau 19 357 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 357 gaaucaggug aggaaucuu
19 358 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 358 aauaagucaa cugguucag 19 359 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 359 gguauugaau caucacuaa 19 360 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
360 uguuuuugug gaacgucag 19 361 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 361
agcaucacag uuucaucuu 19 362 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 362 gugagacuuu
cuuucacaa 19 363 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 363 gacucaaaug aagucucag
19 364 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 364 uuuucauauu cuaucauug 19 365 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 365 gcacugaguu uuuccuuau 19 366 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
366 ccucccucag guggcaaag 19 367 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 367
gauuccaaau auggcuuuc 19 368 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 368 ucuaaacuga
gcuuaaaag 19 369 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 369 aggguaucuu uuguguuau
19 370 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 370 gaaacuucau cagguaaca 19 371 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 371 uccuuuuugc ucaauguug 19 372 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
372 aucugcaaag gaauuuucu 19 373 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 373
gcaguacuga gcuccucca 19 374 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 374 ucaucauuug
aauaaacug 19 375 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 375 uccuuagaaa uaaauaagu
19 376 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 376 guuucucuua ucugugcuu 19 377 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 377 gaaucugaaa acguuucag 19 378 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
378 auaauuucaa uuggagaug 19 379 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 379
aauguaggga acucaucua 19 380 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 380 ucaguuuuag
aacugauca 19 381 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 381 gcuaauuuag aaaaugaau
19 382 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 382 aggucaguau auucccugg 19 383 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 383 cuuuuguggg auacuucua 19 384 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
384 ggggcauuag caauuucac 19 385 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 385
aaugacccag cuccauccg 19 386 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 386 ggcaauucug
ugcaaggca 19 387 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 387 uucaaagaaa ggucauggg
19 388 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 388 acuuuggguu guauguucu 19 389 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 389 aaacugauuu ucucuucaa 19 390 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
390 uuagaaaagu caucugaga 19 391 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 391
gauguagcag acccauuuu 19 392 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 392 ggcaauaaga
gcaccuuug 19 393 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 393 aaagcagaaa
caucuggag
19 394 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 394 aucucugcuu gaguggcca 19 395 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 395 gguuuaacua ugcucucua 19 396 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
396 ucuuucacaa gaacuuugg 19 397 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 397
ggaaguuuuu ucucagcuu 19 398 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 398 ucuuuuucug
uaucggaag 19 399 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 399 gcagauggug aucuguccu
19 400 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 400 agcucugcug aaaauauag 19 401 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 401 acaacugaag uuuuacuca 19 402 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
402 cuccaguaca ggaggucaa 19 403 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 403
ccagucuucu uaaugucuc 19 404 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 404 cuggcaccaa
acaccacuc 19 405 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 405 gaaagcagca ggaauaggc
19 406 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 406 augcugaaua cugucaaug 19 407 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 407 uaggcuguua cgcucacaa 19 408 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
408 agcagggcca aggcaaugu 19 409 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 409
aagcugaugg ucacagaga 19 410 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 410 acacccuugu
auauccuaa 19 411 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 411 uucuggauag cuuggauca
19 412 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 412 ggguggccuu caucugauu 19 413 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 413 uccagauaug cccugaaug 19 414 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
414 gauauagcaa cuucagauu 19 415 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 415
uucugaacca acuccucag 19 416 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 416 agagcagaau
uacuguacu 19 417 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 417 gugcaguuca caugaccaa
19 418 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 418 cgccugaguu ccuuuaucg 19 419 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 419 ucaucaacua agaagaggc 19 420 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
420 uucagagaau caacuaaau 19 421 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 421
cacaucaaca cugcaaacu 19 422 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 422 ccaacauagg
uaaauaccc 19 423 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 423 agaccauuaa acaaggcac
19 424 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 424 gccaaaauca guaguguca 19 425 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 425 cugaagagug aaaugagag 19 426 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
426 ucauaaauaa caggaacac 19 427 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 427
aucugugccu gaugccguu 19 428 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 428 aguccuagau
aaugaucua 19 429 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 429 uuaacauucu uauuugcaa
19 430 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 430 auuuuagcca uagcaucuu 19 431 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 431 ccagggauuu uugcuugga 19 432 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
432 ucagcuuugc gcuucaauc 19 433 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 433
uauuuugggc guuuucauu 19 434 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 434 agaugaacuc
cuacuaauu 19 435 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 435 aaugaauauc cccuuuaaa
19 436 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 436 cccucccccg uauaaucaa 19 437 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 437 agguucguuc uucccugac 19 438 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
438 aacugcacug caacgucaa 19 439 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 439
ucuaacaacg aucugugaa 19 440 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 440 cauggcuaaa
aauaaagau 19 441 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 441 uuuuuccuca caacagugc
19 442 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 442 ggcagucaag acagguaau 19 443 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 443 uuaagaugau gaacacaug 19 444 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
444 cauagcagcu uacaauacu 19 445 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 445
uuacgguuua aauccauac 19 446 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 446 gauaggaaaa
agauaugau 19 447 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 447 uauuccacca gugccucag
19 448 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 448 uaaaauauac agguuuuuu 19 449 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 449 agacuaucug caacaaagu 19 450 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
450 acuugccaag augcggcaa 19 451 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 451
agcuccacca ucucugcaa 19 452 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 452 cuagcuccac
caucucugc 19 453 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 453
cccgaaacga cuuucaguc 19 454 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 454
ccccgacgcg ccccgccca 19 455 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 455
aaccccuacg augaagagg 19 456 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 456
ggcguccgcu ggagggagc 19 457 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 457
ccggcugcug gcaugggug 19 458 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 458
gcuguggcug caggccugg 19 459 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 459
gcagguggca gccccaugc 19 460 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 460
cccaggugcc ugcguaugc 19 461 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 461
cuacaaugag cccaaggug 19 462 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 462
gacgacaagc ugcccccag 19 463 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 463
gcagggccug caggcugug 19 464 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 464
gcccgugggc aucccugcu 19 465 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 465
ugccagccag cgcaucuuc 19 466 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 466
ccugcacggc aaccgcauc 19 467 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 467
cucgcaugug ccagcugcc 19 468 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 468
cagcuuccgu gccugccgc 19 469 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 469
caaccucacc auccugugg 19 470 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 470
gcugcacucg aaugugcug 19 471 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 471
ggcccgaauu gaugcggcu 19 472 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 472
ugccuucacu ggccuggcc 19 473 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 473
ccuccuggag cagcuggac 19 474 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 474
ccucagcgau aaugcacag 19 475 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 475
gcuccggucu guggacccu 19 476 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 476
ugccacauuc cacggccug 19 477 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 477
gggccgccua cacacgcug 19 478 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 478
gcaccuggac cgcugcggc 19 479 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 479
ccugcaggag cugggcccg 19 480 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 480
ggggcuguuc cgcggccug 19 481 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 481
ggcugcccug caguaccuc 19 482 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 482
cuaccugcag gacaacgcg 19 483 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 483
gcugcaggca cugccugau 19 484 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 484
ugacaccuuc cgcgaccug 19 485 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 485
gggcaaccuc acacaccuc 19 486 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 486
cuuccugcac ggcaaccgc 19 487 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 487
caucuccagc gugcccgag 19 488 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 488
gcgcgccuuc cgugggcug 19 489 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 489
gcacagccuc gaccgucuc 19 490 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 490
ccuacugcac cagaaccgc 19 491 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 491
cguggcccau gugcacccg 19 492 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 492
gcaugccuuc
cgugaccuu 19 493 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 493
uggccgccuc augacacuc 19 494 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 494
cuaucuguuu gccaacaau 19 495 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 495
ucuaucagcg cugcccacu 19 496 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 496
ugaggcccug gccccccug 19 497 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 497
gcgugcccug caguaccug 19 498 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 498
gaggcucaac gacaacccc 19 499 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 499
cugggugugu gacugccgg 19 500 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 500
ggcacgccca cucugggcc 19 501 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 501
cuggcugcag aaguuccgc 19 502 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 502
cggcuccucc uccgaggug 19 503 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 503
gcccugcagc cucccgcaa 19 504 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 504
acgccuggcu ggccgugac 19 505 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 505
ccucaaacgc cuagcugcc 19 506 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 506
caaugaccug cagggcugc 19 507 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 507
cgcuguggcc accggcccu 19 508 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 508
uuaccauccc aucuggacc 19 509 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 509
cggcagggcc accgaugag 19 510 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 510
ggagccgcug gggcuuccc 19 511 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 511
caagugcugc cagccagau 19 512 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 512
ugccgcugac aaggccuca 19 513 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 513
aguacuggag ccuggaaga 19 514 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 514
accagcuucg gcaggcaau 19 515 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 515
ugcgcugaag ggacgcgug 19 516 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 516
gccgcccggu gacagcccg 19 517 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 517
gccgggcaac ggcucuggc 19 518 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 518
cccacggcac aucaaugac 19 519 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 519
cucacccuuu gggacucug 19 520 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 520
gccuggcucu gcugagccc 19 521 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 521
cccgcucacu gcagugcgg 19 522 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 522
gcccgagggc uccgagcca 19 523 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 523
accaggguuc cccaccucg 19 524 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 524
gggcccucgc cggaggcca 19 525 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 525
aggcuguuca cgcaagaac 19 526 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 526
ccgcacccgc agccacugc 19 527 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 527
ccgucugggc caggcaggc 19 528 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 528
cagcgggggu ggcgggacu 19 529 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 529
uggugacuca gaaggcuca 19 530 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 530
aggugcccua cccagccuc 19 531 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 531
caccugcagc cucaccccc 19 532 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 532
ccugggccug gcgcuggug 19 533 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 533
gcuguggaca gugcuuggg 19 534 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 534
gcccugcuga cccccagcg 19 535 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 535
ggacacaaga gcgugcuca 19 536 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 536
agcagccagg uguguguac 19 537 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 537
cauacggggu cucucucca 19 538 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 538
acgccgccaa gccagccgg 19 539 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 539
ggcggccgac ccguggggc 19 540 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 540
caggccaggc cagguccuc 19 541 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 541
cccugaugga cgccugccg 19 542 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 542
gcccgccacc cccaucucc 19 543 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 543
caccccauca uguuuacag 19 544 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 544
ggguucggcg gcagcguuu 19 545 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 545
uguuccagaa cgccgccuc 19 546 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 546
cccacccaga ucgcgguau 19 547 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 547
uauagagaua ugcauuuua 19 548 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 548
auuuuacuug uguaaaaau 19 549 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 549
uaucggacga cguggaaua 19 550 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 550
aaagagcucu uuucuuaaa 19 551 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence Target sequence/siNA sense region 551
uaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa 19 552 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 552 gacugaaagu
cguuucggg 19 553 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 553 ugggcggggc gcgucgggg
19 554 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 554 ccucuucauc guagggguu 19 555 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 555 gcucccucca gcggacgcc 19 556 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
556 cacccaugcc agcagccgg 19 557 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 557
ccaggccugc agccacagc 19 558 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 558 gcauggggcu
gccaccugc 19 559 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 559 gcauacgcag gcaccuggg
19 560 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 560 caccuugggc ucauuguag 19 561 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 561 cugggggcag cuugucguc 19 562 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
562 cacagccugc aggcccugc 19 563 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 563
agcagggaug cccacgggc 19 564 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 564 gaagaugcgc
uggcuggca 19 565 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 565 gaugcgguug ccgugcagg
19 566 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 566 ggcagcuggc acaugcgag 19 567 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 567 gcggcaggca cggaagcug 19 568 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
568 ccacaggaug gugagguug 19 569 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 569
cagcacauuc gagugcagc 19 570 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 570 agccgcauca
auucgggcc 19 571 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 571 ggccaggcca gugaaggca
19 572 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 572 guccagcugc uccaggagg 19 573 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 573 cugugcauua ucgcugagg 19 574 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
574 aggguccaca gaccggagc 19 575 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 575
caggccgugg aauguggca 19 576 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 576 cagcgugugu
aggcggccc 19 577 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 577 gccgcagcgg uccaggugc
19 578 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 578 cgggcccagc uccugcagg 19 579 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 579 caggccgcgg aacagcccc 19 580 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
580 gagguacugc agggcagcc 19 581 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 581
cgcguugucc ugcagguag 19 582 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 582 aucaggcagu
gccugcagc 19 583 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 583 caggucgcgg aagguguca
19 584 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 584 gaggugugug agguugccc 19 585 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 585 gcgguugccg ugcaggaag 19 586 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
586 cucgggcacg cuggagaug 19 587 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 587
cagcccacgg aaggcgcgc 19 588 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 588 gagacggucg
aggcugugc 19 589 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 589 gcgguucugg ugcaguagg
19 590 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 590 cgggugcaca ugggccacg
19 591 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 591 aaggucacgg aaggcaugc 19 592 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 592 gagugucaug aggcggcca 19 593 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
593 auuguuggca aacagauag 19 594 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 594
agugggcagc gcugauaga 19 595 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 595 caggggggcc
agggccuca 19 596 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 596 cagguacugc agggcacgc
19 597 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 597 gggguugucg uugagccuc 19 598 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 598 ccggcaguca cacacccag 19 599 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
599 ggcccagagu gggcgugcc 19 600 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 600
gcggaacuuc ugcagccag 19 601 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 601 caccucggag
gaggagccg 19 602 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 602 uugcgggagg cugcagggc
19 603 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 603 gucacggcca gccaggcgu 19 604 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 604 ggcagcuagg cguuugagg 19 605 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
605 gcagcccugc aggucauug 19 606 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 606
agggccggug gccacagcg 19 607 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 607 gguccagaug
ggaugguaa 19 608 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 608 cucaucggug gcccugccg
19 609 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 609 gggaagcccc agcggcucc 19 610 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 610 aucuggcugg cagcacuug 19 611 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
611 ugaggccuug ucagcggca 19 612 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 612
ucuuccaggc uccaguacu 19 613 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 613 auugccugcc
gaagcuggu 19 614 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 614 cacgcguccc uucagcgca
19 615 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 615 cgggcuguca ccgggcggc 19 616 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 616 gccagagccg uugcccggc 19 617 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
617 gucauugaug ugccguggg 19 618 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 618
cagaguccca aagggugag 19 619 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 619 gggcucagca
gagccaggc 19 620 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 620 ccgcacugca gugagcggg
19 621 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 621 uggcucggag cccucgggc 19 622 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 622 cgaggugggg aacccuggu 19 623 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
623 uggccuccgg cgagggccc 19 624 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 624
guucuugcgu gaacagccu 19 625 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 625 gcaguggcug
cgggugcgg 19 626 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 626 gccugccugg cccagacgg
19 627 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 627 agucccgcca cccccgcug 19 628 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 628 ugagccuucu gagucacca 19 629 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
629 gaggcugggu agggcaccu 19 630 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 630
gggggugagg cugcaggug 19 631 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 631 caccagcgcc
aggcccagg 19 632 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 632 cccaagcacu guccacagc
19 633 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 633 cgcugggggu cagcagggc 19 634 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 634 ugagcacgcu cuugugucc 19 635 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
635 guacacacac cuggcugcu 19 636 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 636
uggagagaga ccccguaug 19 637 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 637 ccggcuggcu
uggcggcgu 19 638 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 638 gccccacggg ucggccgcc
19 639 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 639 gaggaccugg ccuggccug 19 640 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 640 cggcaggcgu ccaucaggg 19 641 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
641 ggagaugggg guggcgggc 19 642 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 642
cuguaaacau gauggggug 19 643 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 643 aaacgcugcc
gccgaaccc 19 644 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 644 gaggcggcgu ucuggaaca
19 645 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA antisense region 645 auaccgcgau cuggguggg 19 646 19
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 646 uaaaaugcau aucucuaua 19 647 19 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
647 auuuuuacac aaguaaaau 19 648 19 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 648
uauuccacgu cguccgaua 19 649 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description
of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 649 uuuaagaaaa
gagcucuuu 19 650 19 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 650 uuuuuuuuuu uuuuuuuua
19 651 21 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA sense region 651 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn n 21 652 21
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 652 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn n 21 653 21 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA sense
region 653 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn n 21 654 21 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
654 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn n 21 655 21 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA sense region 655 nnnnnnnnnn
nnnnnnnnnn n 21 656 21 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 656 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
n 21 657 21 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA sense region 657 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn n 21 658 21
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 658 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn n 21 659 21 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA sense
region 659 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn n 21 660 21 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
660 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn n 21 661 21 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA sense region 661 nnnnnnnnnn
nnnnnnnnnn n 21 662 21 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 662 nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn
n 21 663 21 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA sense region 663 gcugcaggca cugccugaun n 21 664 21
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 664 aucaggcagu gccugcagcn n 21 665 21 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA sense
region 665 gcugcaggca cugccugaun n 21 666 21 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
666 aucaggcagu gccugcagcn n 21 667 21 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA sense region 667 gcugcaggca
cugccugaun n 21 668 21 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 668 aucaggcagu gccugcagcn
n 21 669 21 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial
Sequence siNA sense region 669 gcugcaggca cugccugaun n 21 670 21
RNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA
antisense region 670 aucaggcagu gccugcagcn n 21 671 21 RNA
Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA sense
region 671 gcugcaggca cugccugaun n 21 672 21 RNA Artificial
Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region
672 aucaggcagu gccugcagcn n 21 673 21 RNA Artificial Sequence
Description of Artificial Sequence siNA sense region 673 gcugcaggca
cugccugaun n 21 674 21 RNA Artificial Sequence Description of
Artificial Sequence siNA antisense region 674 aucaggcagu gccugcagcn
n 21
* * * * *