U.S. patent application number 10/848175 was filed with the patent office on 2005-11-24 for polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier composition.
This patent application is currently assigned to The Lubrizol Corporation, a corporation of the State of Ohio. Invention is credited to Grisso, Bryan A., Schober, Barton J., Vinci, James N., Visger, Daniel C..
Application Number | 20050261142 10/848175 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34969555 |
Filed Date | 2005-11-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050261142 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Grisso, Bryan A. ; et
al. |
November 24, 2005 |
Polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier composition
Abstract
The present invention provides a composition containing: (a) an
oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) an amine salt of a phosphorus
compound; (c) a compound selected from the group consisting of: 1)
a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier wherein the polymeric
dispersant viscosity modifier excludes copolymers derived from (a)
a nitrogen containing monomer; and (b) methacrylic acid esters
containing from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms in the ester
group; 2) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier, a borated
dispersant; and a sulphurised olefin; and 3) mixtures thereof. The
invention further provides a process for preparing the composition
and a method for improving oxidation cleanliness of surface.
Inventors: |
Grisso, Bryan A.;
(Wickliffe, OH) ; Vinci, James N.; (Mayfield
Heights, OH) ; Schober, Barton J.; (Perry, OH)
; Visger, Daniel C.; (Mentor, OH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
THE LUBRIZOL CORPORATION
Patent Administrator - Mail Drop 022B
29400 Lakeland Boulevard
Wickliffe
OH
44092-2298
US
|
Assignee: |
The Lubrizol Corporation, a
corporation of the State of Ohio
Wickliffe
OH
44092-2298
|
Family ID: |
34969555 |
Appl. No.: |
10/848175 |
Filed: |
May 18, 2004 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/192 ;
508/322; 508/436; 508/466; 508/469; 508/470; 508/471; 508/591 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M 2215/086 20130101;
C10M 2215/04 20130101; C10N 2060/14 20130101; C10M 161/00 20130101;
C10M 2217/028 20130101; C10M 2209/084 20130101; C10N 2040/02
20130101; C10M 2223/047 20130101; C10N 2030/10 20130101; C10N
2030/02 20130101; C10M 2223/049 20130101; C10M 2217/024 20130101;
C10M 2219/022 20130101; C10M 2215/22 20130101; C10M 2223/043
20130101; C10M 2205/0285 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/192 ;
508/322; 508/436; 508/466; 508/469; 508/470; 508/471; 508/591 |
International
Class: |
C10M 141/10 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A composition comprising: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity;
(b) an amine salt of a phosphorus compound; and (c) a compound
selected from the group consisting of: 1) a polymeric dispersant
viscosity modifier wherein the polymeric dispersant viscosity
modifier excludes copolymers derived from (a) a nitrogen containing
monomer; and (b) methacrylic acid esters containing from about 9 to
about 25 carbon atoms in the ester group; 2) a polymeric dispersant
viscosity modifier, a borated dispersant; and a sulphurised olefin;
and 3) mixtures thereof.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the amine salt of a
phosphorus compound is an extreme pressure agent, a wear preventing
agent, a friction modifier or mixtures thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the amine salt of a
phosphorus compound further comprises a sulphur atom in the
molecule.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the amine salt of a
phosphorus compound contains a hydrocarbyl group on the amine with
about 8 to about 26 carbon atoms.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric dispersant
viscosity modifier is derived from at least one polymer selected
from the group consisting of a poly(meth)acrylate, a functionalised
polyolefin, an interpolymer derived from: (i) a vinyl aromatic
monomer; and (ii) an unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivatives
thereof; and mixtures thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric dispersant
viscosity modifier is a poly(meth)acrylate copolymer with a
nitrogen containing monomer.
7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the nitrogen containing
monomer is a vinyl substituted nitrogen heterocyclic monomer, a
dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, a dialkylaminoalkyl
(meth) acrylamide monomer, a tertiary-(meth)acrylamide monomer or
mixtures thereof.
8. The composition of claim 6, wherein the poly(meth)acrylate has a
molecular weight (M.sub.w) of about 15,000 to about 150,000.
9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric dispersant
viscosity modifier is a functionalised polyolefin derived from an
ethylene monomer and at least one other comonomer derived from an
alpha-olefin having the formula H.sub.2C.dbd.CHR.sup.5, wherein
R.sup.5 is a hydrocarbyl group, containing 1 to about 6 carbon
atoms.
10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the functionalised
polyolefin contains a nitrogen derived from a nitrogen containing
compound capable of reacting with a functionalised polymer
backbone.
11. The composition of claim 9, wherein the functionalised
polyolefin has a molecular weight (M.sub.w) from about 1000 to
about 50,000.
12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric dispersant
viscosity modifier is an interpolymer derived from a styrene-maleic
anhydride copolymer.
13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the interpolymer has a
reduced specific viscosity of about 0.06 to about 1.
14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the borated dispersant is a
N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide and wherein the
sulphurised olefin includes an olefin derived from propylene,
isobutylene, pentene or mixtures thereof.
15. The composition of claim 1, wherein: (a) the oil of lubricating
viscosity is present at up to about 99.9 wt % of the composition;
(b) the amine salt of a phosphorus compound is present at about
0.001 wt % to 30 wt % of the composition; and (c) the polymeric
dispersant viscosity modifier wherein the polymeric dispersant
viscosity modifier excludes copolymers derived from (a) a nitrogen
containing monomer; and (b) methacrylic acid esters containing from
about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms in the ester group.
16. The composition of claim 1, wherein: (a) the oil of lubricating
viscosity is present at up to about 99.9 wt % of the composition;
(b) the amine salt of a phosphorus compound is present at about
0.001 wt % to 30 wt % of the composition; (c) the polymeric
dispersant viscosity modifier is present at about 0.001 wt % to
about 60 wt % of the composition; (d) the borated dispersant is
present at 0.01 wt % to about 15 wt % of the composition; and (e)
the sulphurised olefin is present at about 0.001 wt % to 30 wt % of
the composition.
17. A method comprising lubricating a surface while imparting
deposit control, the method employing a composition comprising: (a)
an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) an amine salt of a phosphorus
compound; and (c) a compound selected from the group consisting of:
1) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier wherein the polymeric
dispersant viscosity modifier excludes copolymers derived from (a)
a nitrogen containing monomer; and (b) methacrylic acid esters
containing from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms in the ester
group; 2) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier, a borated
dispersant; and a sulphurised olefin; and 3) mixtures thereof,
wherein the surface is a gear, a bearing or mixtures thereof.
18. A process for the preparation of a composition comprising
mixing: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) an amine salt of a
phosphorus compound; and (c) a compound selected from the group
consisting of: 1) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier wherein
the polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier excludes copolymers
derived from (a) a nitrogen containing monomer; and (b) methacrylic
acid esters containing from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms in the
ester group; 2) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier, a
borated dispersant; and a sulphurised olefin; and 3) mixtures
thereof.
19. The use of the composition of claim 1 for imparting one or more
performance characteristics including deposit control, reduced
carbon varnish, decreased wear, low temperature viscometrics, high
temperature viscometrics or mixtures thereof.
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a composition containing a
polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier; and an amine salt of a
phosphorus compound. The invention further provides a process for
making the composition and a method for lubricating a gear or
bearing surface with the composition.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Oxidation of an oil of lubricating viscosity, especially an
organic petroleum fluid, occurs in the presence of oxygen which
leads to increased viscosity and sludge and/or deposit formation.
Sludge and/or deposit formation is produced by a number of
different mechanisms such as degradation of oil and decomposition
products of lubricant additives. Using known lubricant additives
containing an amine salt of a phosphorus compound such as many
antiwear agents and friction modifiers are believed to contribute
to the formation of sludge and/or deposit formation. The presence
of sludge and other deposits interferes with seal performance
leading to leakage and ultimately equipment failure for gears or
bearings.
[0003] Polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier are added to
lubricating compositions to impart resistance to rust, improved
cleanliness, improved viscosity modifying properties and decreased
sludge accumulation. The polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier is
generally a nitrogen containing poly(meth)acrylate, a nitrogen
containing polyolefin or a nitrogen containing esterified
styrene-maleic anhydride interpolymer.
[0004] U.S. Pat. No. 6,124,249 (Seebauer et al.) discloses a
dispersant viscosity improving copolymer derived from (a) a
nitrogen containing monomer; and (b) methacrylic acid esters
containing from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms in the ester
group.
[0005] U.S. Pat. No. 6,586,375 (Gahagan et al.) discloses a
lubricant composition containing a nitrogen containing polyacrylate
salted with a phosphorus acid ester. The lubricant composition
provides improved dispersant, viscosity improver and antiwear
properties.
[0006] It is desirable to have a composition capable of decreasing
sludge accumulation. The present invention provides a composition
capable of decreasing sludge accumulation.
[0007] It is desirable to have a composition with deposit control.
The present invention provides a composition with deposit
control.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention is a composition comprising:
[0009] (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity;
[0010] (b) an amine salt of a phosphorus compound; and
[0011] (c) a compound selected from the group consisting of:
[0012] 1) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier wherein the
polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier excludes copolymers derived
from (a) a nitrogen containing monomer; and (b) methacrylic acid
esters containing from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms in the
ester group;
[0013] 2) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier, a borated
dispersant; and a sulphurised olefin; and
[0014] 3) mixtures thereof.
[0015] The invention further provides a method comprising
lubricating a surface while imparting deposit control, the method
employing a composition comprising:
[0016] (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity;
[0017] (b) an amine salt of a phosphorus compound; and
[0018] (c) a compound selected from the group consisting of:
[0019] 1) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier wherein the
polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier excludes copolymers derived
from (a) a nitrogen containing monomer; and (b) methacrylic acid
esters containing from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms in the
ester group;
[0020] 2) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier, a borated
dispersant; and a sulphurised olefin; and
[0021] 3) mixtures thereof, wherein the surface is a gear, a
bearing or mixtures thereof.
[0022] The invention further provides a process for the preparation
of a composition comprising mixing:
[0023] (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity;
[0024] (b) an amine salt of a phosphorus compound; and
[0025] (c) a compound selected from the group consisting of:
[0026] 1) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier wherein the
polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier excludes copolymers derived
from (a) a nitrogen containing monomer; and (b) methacrylic acid
esters containing from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms in the
ester group;
[0027] 2) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier, a borated
dispersant; and a sulphurised olefin; and
[0028] 3) mixtures thereof.
[0029] The use of the composition of the invention is capable of
imparting one or more performance characteristics including deposit
control, reduced carbon varnish, decreased wear, low temperature
viscometrics, high temperature viscometrics or mixtures
thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0030] A composition comprising:
[0031] (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity;
[0032] (b) an amine salt of a phosphorus compound; and
[0033] (c) a compound selected from the group consisting of:
[0034] 1) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier wherein the
polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier excludes copolymers derived
from (a) a nitrogen containing monomer; and (b) methacrylic acid
esters containing from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms in the
ester group;
[0035] 2) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier, a borated
dispersant; and a sulphurised olefin; and
[0036] 3) mixtures thereof.
[0037] In one embodiment the invention provides a composition
comprising:
[0038] (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity;
[0039] (b) an amine salt of a phosphorus compound; and
[0040] (c) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier, wherein the
polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier excludes copolymers derived
from (a) a nitrogen containing monomer; (b) methacrylic acid esters
containing from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms in the ester
group.
[0041] In one embodiment the invention further provides a
composition comprising:
[0042] (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity;
[0043] (b) an amine salt of a phosphorus compound;
[0044] (c) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier;
[0045] (d) a borated dispersant; and
[0046] (e) a sulphurised olefin.
[0047] Oil of Lubricating Viscosity
[0048] The lubricating oil composition includes natural or
synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity, oil derived from
hydrocracking, hydrogenation, hydrofinishing, unrefined, refined
and re-refined oils or mixtures thereof. Natural oils include
animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oils or mixtures thereof.
Synthetic oils include a hydrocarbon oil, a silicon-based oil, a
liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acid. Synthetic oils may be
produced by Fischer-Tropsch reactions and typically may be
hydroisomerised Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes Oils of
lubricating viscosity may also be defined as specified in the
American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability
Guidelines. In one embodiment the oil of lubricating viscosity
comprises an API Group I, II, III, IV, V, VI or mixtures thereof,
and in one embodiment API Group I, II, III or mixtures thereof. If
the oil of lubricating viscosity is an API Group II, III, IV, V or
VI oil there may be up to about 40 wt % and in another embodiment
up to a maximum of about 5 wt % of the lubricating oil an API Group
I oil.
[0049] The oil of lubricating viscosity is present at up to about
99.9 wt % of the composition, in another embodiment up to about
98.9 wt % of the composition, in another embodiment up to about
96.8 wt % of the composition and in yet another embodiment up to
about 94.8 wt % of the composition. In one embodiment of the
invention the oil of lubricating viscosity is present from about 30
wt % to about 99.9 wt % of the composition, in another embodiment
about 45 wt % to about 94.8 wt % and in another embodiment about 60
wt % to about 90 wt % of the composition.
[0050] In one embodiment the invention is in the form of a
concentrate (which can be combined with additional oil to form, in
whole or in part, a finished lubricant), the ratio of each of the
above-mentioned polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier and an
amine salt of a phosphorus compound, as well as other components,
to diluent oil in the range from about 80:20 to about 10:90 by
weight.
[0051] Amine Salt of Phosphorus Compound
[0052] The invention further includes an amine salt of a phosphorus
compound. The amine salt of a phosphorus compound includes an
extreme pressure agent, a wear preventing agent, a friction
modifier or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment of the invention
the amine salt of a phosphorus compound further comprises a sulphur
atom in the molecule. In one embodiment of the invention the amine
salt of a phosphorus compound is ashless i.e. metal-free.
[0053] The amine includes a primary amine, a secondary amine, a
tertiary amine or mixtures thereof. The amine includes those with
at least one hydrocarbyl group, in another embodiment about two
hydrocarbyl groups and in another embodiment about three
hydrocarbyl groups. The hydrocarbyl group contains a number of
carbon atoms including those in the range from about 2 to about 30,
in another embodiment about 8 to about 26, in another embodiment
about 10 to about 20, and in yet another embodiment about 13 to
about 19.
[0054] Primary amines include ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine,
2-ethylhexylamine, octylamine and dodecylamine. Also suitable
primary fatty amines which include n-octylamine, n-decylamine,
n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-hexadecylamine,
n-octadecylamine and oleyamine. Other useful fatty amines include
commercially available fatty amines such as "Armeen.RTM." amines
(products available from Akzo Chemicals, Chicago, Ill.), such as
Armeen C, Armeen O, Armeen O L, Armeen T, Armeen H T, Armeen S and
Armeen S D, wherein the letter designation relates to the fatty
group, such as coco, oleyl, tallow, or stearyl groups.
[0055] Examples of suitable secondary amines include dimethylamine,
diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, diamylamine,
dihexylamine, diheptylamine, methylethylamine, ethylbutylamine and
ethylamylamine. The secondary amines may be cyclic amines such as
piperidine, piperazine and morpholine.
[0056] The amine may also be a tertiary-aliphatic primary amine.
The aliphatic group includes an alkyl group containing a number of
carbon atoms from 2 to 30, in another embodiment 6 to 26 and in
another embodiment 8 to 24. The tertiary alkyl amines include a
monoamine such as tert-butylamine, terthexylamine,
1-methyl-1-amino-cyclohexane, tert-octylamine, tert-decylamine,
tertdodecylamine, tert-tetradecylamine, tert-hexadecylamine,
tert-octadecylamine, terttetracosanylamine, or
tert-octacosanylamine.
[0057] The amine salt of a phosphorus compound also includes
phosphoric acid esters or salt thereof; dialkyldithiophosphoric
acid esters or salt thereof; phosphites; and phosphorus-containing
carboxylic esters, ethers, and amides or mixtures thereof.
[0058] Mixtures of amines may also be used in the invention. In one
embodiment a useful mixture of amines is "Primene.RTM. 81R" and
"Primene.RTM. JMT." Primene.RTM. 81R and Primene.RTM. JMT (both
produced and sold by Rohm & Haas) are mixtures of C.sub.11 to
C.sub.14 tertiary alkyl primary amines and C.sub.18 to C.sub.22
tertiary alkyl primary amines respectively.
[0059] In one embodiment of the invention the amine salt of a
phosphorus compound is a friction modifier. Examples of a suitable
friction modifier include amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids
other than the wear preventing agent.
[0060] The amine salt of a phosphorus compound is present in one
embodiment in range from about 0 wt % to about 30 wt % of the
composition, in another embodiment from about 0.001 wt % to 30 wt %
of the composition, in another embodiment from about 0.1 wt % to
about 20 wt % of the composition, in another embodiment from about
0.5 wt % to about 15 wt % of the composition and in another
embodiment from about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the
composition.
[0061] Polymeric Dispersant Viscosity Modifier
[0062] As used hereinafter the term "(meth)acrylate" is used to
refer to a methacrylate and a acrylate; and "(meth)acrylamide" is
used to refer to a acrylamide and a methacrylamide.
[0063] The polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier includes a
(co)polymer with a nitrogen containing monomer, a nitrogen
containing compound capable of reacting with a functionalised
polymer backbone or mixtures thereof. The polymeric dispersant
viscosity modifier includes those derived from at least one polymer
including a poly(meth)acrylate copolymer, a functionalised
polyolefin, an esterified polymer derived from: (i) a vinyl
aromatic monomer; and (ii) an unsaturated carboxylic acid or
derivatives thereof; or mixtures thereof.
[0064] The nitrogen containing monomer includes a vinyl substituted
nitrogen heterocyclic monomer, a dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate
monomer, a dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamide monomer, a
tertiary-(meth)acrylamide monomer and mixtures thereof. The alkyl
contains 1 to about 8, or from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms.
[0065] Useful nitrogen containing monomers include vinyl pyridine,
N-vinyl imidazole, N-vinyl pyrrolidinone, and N-vinyl caprolactam,
dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate,
dimethylaminobutylacrylamide dimethylamine propyl methacrylate,
dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide,
dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, tertiary butyl acrylamide or mixtures
thereof.
[0066] The nitrogen containing compound includes an amine such as a
monoamine, a polyamine or mixtures thereof. The amine includes
primary functionality, secondary functionality or mixtures thereof.
The amine includes cyclic, linear or branched and examples include
an alkylenemonoamine, a heterocyclic monoamine, an
alkylenepolyamine, a heterocyclic polyamine or mixtures thereof. In
one embodiment the amine contains not more than one primary or
secondary amino group, for example
N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine.
[0067] In one embodiment the amine may be a hydroxy-substituted
hydrocarbyl amine such as a hydroxyalkyl amine. Examples of a
suitable hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl amine include aminoethyl
ethanolamine, aminopropyl ethanolamine, aminobutyl ethanolamine or
mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the amine includes compounds
that are represented by the formula: 1
[0068] wherein
[0069] w is the number of R.sup.3 atoms, including ranges from
about 4 to about 16 atoms, in another embodiment about 5 to about
12 atoms, and in another embodiment 5 to about 8 atoms;
[0070] y is the number of carbon atoms associated with R.sup.2,
including ranges from 1 to about 8, in another embodiment 1 to
about 6, and in another embodiment about 2 to about 5 carbon
atoms;
[0071] R.sup.1 is independently an atom including carbon, oxygen,
nitrogen, phosphorus or mixtures thereof;
[0072] R.sup.2 is an alkyl or an alkenyl group with containing y
carbon atoms, especially useful examples of R.sup.2 include ethyl,
propyl or mixtures thereof; and
[0073] R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen or a
hydrocarbyl group, in another embodiment at least one is hydrogen,
and in another embodiment both are hydrogen.
[0074] When R.sup.3 or R.sup.4 is a hydrocarbyl group, the number
of carbon atoms present is in the range from 1 to about 8, in
another embodiment in the range from 1 to about 5 and in another
embodiment in the range from 1 to about 3. Examples of a
hydrocarbyl group include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or
mixtures thereof.
[0075] Formula (I) represents a compound that includes a
mononuclear cyclic structure, a polynuclear cyclic structure or
mixtures thereof. When formula (I) represents a mononuclear
structure, w in one embodiment ranges from about 5 to about 8 and
in another embodiment about 6 to about 7. When formula (I)
represents a polynuclear cyclic structure w in one embodiment
ranges from about 8 to about 16 and in another embodiment about 10
to about 12. The cyclic ring includes aromatic, non-aromatic or
mixtures thereof, although a non-aromatic ring is especially
useful.
[0076] Suitable cyclic amines include 4-aminodiphenylamine,
4-(3-aminopropyl) morpholine, 4-(2-aminoethyl) morpholine or
mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the cyclic amine is
4-(3-aminopropyl) morpholine or mixtures thereof.
[0077] The polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier is also derived
from at least one polymer including a poly(meth)acrylate, a
functionalised polyolefin, an esterified polymer derived from: (i)
a vinyl aromatic monomer; and (ii) an unsaturated carboxylic acid
or derivatives thereof; or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the
poly(meth)acrylate further contains a nitrogen containing
monomer.
[0078] The poly(meth)acrylate polymeric dispersant viscosity
modifier includes a copolymer derived from a (meth)acrylate monomer
containing an alkyl group with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, in another
embodiment 1 to 26 carbon atoms and in another embodiment 1 to 20
carbon atoms. The alkyl group includes mixtures derived from an
alcohol containing 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, about 8 to about 10
carbon atoms, about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms, about 12 to about
15 carbon atoms, about 16 to about 18 carbon atoms or about 16 to
about 20 carbon atoms. Examples of commercially available alcohol
mixtures include the following products sold under the brand names
of Dobanol.TM. 25, Neodol.TM. 25, Lial.TM. 125, and Alchem.TM. 125.
In one embodiment the alcohol is a single alcohol i.e. not a
mixture.
[0079] The (meth)acrylate monomer includes those derived from
natural or synthetic sources. When derived by synthetic sources the
(meth)acrylate monomer may be prepared using known direct
esterification and/or transesterification processes.
[0080] In one embodiment the poly(meth)acrylate polymeric
dispersant viscosity modifier is derived from a methyl
(meth)acrylate monomer and at least one other (meth)acrylate
monomer including an alkyl group with about 8 to about 20 carbon
atoms, in another embodiment about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and
in another embodiment about 12 to about 15 carbon atoms. The methyl
(meth)acrylate monomer is in the range from about 1 wt % or more of
the poly(meth)acrylate, in another embodiment in the range from
about 8 wt % or more of the poly(meth)acrylate and in another
embodiment in the range from about 10 wt % or more of the
poly(meth)acrylate. Upper limits on the amount of methyl
(meth)acrylate include about 40 wt % of the poly(meth)acrylate, in
another embodiment about 30 wt % of the poly(meth)acrylate and in
another embodiment about 20 wt % of the poly(meth)acrylate.
[0081] In one embodiment the composition containing the polymeric
dispersant viscosity modifier excludes copolymers derived from (a)
a nitrogen containing monomer; and (b) methacrylic acid esters
containing from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms in the ester
group. In another embodiment the composition containing the
polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier further excludes a salt of
a phosphorus acid ester and a nitrogen containing polyacrylate.
[0082] As described hereinafter the molecular weight of the
polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier has been determined using
known methods, such as GPC analysis using a polystyrene
standard.
[0083] The poly(meth)acrylate has a molecular weight (M.sub.w)
including from about 5000 to about 350,000, in another embodiment
about 10,000 to about 150,000, in another embodiment about 15,000
to about 120,000, in another embodiment about 10,000 to about
50,000 and in yet another embodiment about 15,000 to about
35,000.
[0084] The polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier derived from a
functionalised polyolefin and/or an esterified polymer contain an
unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof. The carboxylic
acid or derivatives thereof includes a mono-acid, a di-acid or
mixtures thereof. Optionally the unsaturated carboxylic acid or
derivatives thereof is further substituted with a hydrocarbyl
group. The hydrocarbyl group includes substituted, unsubstituted,
branched, unbranched or mixtures thereof, although, unsubstituted
is especially useful.
[0085] The unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives
thereof may be wholly esterified, partially esterified or mixtures
thereof. When partially esterified other derivatives include acids,
salts or mixtures thereof. Suitable salts include alkali metals,
alkaline earth metals or mixtures thereof. The salts include
lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or mixtures
thereof.
[0086] The unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof
includes an acrylic acid, a methyl acrylate, a methacrylic acid, a
maleic acid or anhydride, a fumaric acid, an itaconic acid or
anhydride or mixtures thereof.
[0087] Suitable examples of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid
anhydride or derivatives include itaconic anhydride, maleic
anhydride, methyl maleic anhydride, ethyl maleic anhydride,
dimethyl maleic anhydride or mixtures thereof. The unsaturated
carboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof functionality may
be used alone or in combination.
[0088] In one embodiment the polymeric dispersant viscosity
modifier is a functionalised polyolefin. In one embodiment the
functionalised polyolefin further contains a nitrogen derived from
a nitrogen containing compound capable of reacting with a
functionalised polymer backbone.
[0089] In one embodiment the functionalised polyolefin is derived
from an ethylene monomer and at least one other comonomer derived
from an alpha-olefin having the formula H.sub.2C.dbd.CHR.sup.5,
wherein R.sup.5 is a hydrocarbyl group, especially an alkyl radical
containing 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, in another embodiment 1 to
about 10 carbon atoms, in another embodiment 1 to about 6 carbon
atoms and in yet another embodiment 1 to about 3 carbon atoms. The
hydrocarbyl group includes an alkyl radical that has a straight
chain, a branched chain or mixtures thereof. Examples of a
comonomer include propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene,
4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-decene or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment
the comonomer includes 1-butene, propylene or mixtures thereof.
Examples of the olefin copolymers include ethylene-propylene
copolymers, ethylene-1-butene copolymers or mixtures thereof.
[0090] In another embodiment the alpha-olefin includes a comonomer
with about 6 to about 40 carbon atoms, in another embodiment about
10 to about 34 carbon atoms, and in another embodiment about 14 to
about 22 carbon atoms. Examples of an alpha-olefin include 1-decene
1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-butadecene, 1-pentadecene,
1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene 1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene, 1-eicosene,
1-doeicosene, 2-tetracosene, 3-methyl-1-henicosene,
4-ethyl-2-tetracosene or mixtures thereof. Useful examples of an
alpha-olefin include 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene
1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene or mixtures thereof. The alpha-olefin is
often commercially available as mixtures especially as
C.sub.16-C.sub.18.
[0091] In one embodiment the polymeric dispersant viscosity
modifier is derived from functionalised polyolefin, functionalised
with an unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives
thereof (described above). The functionalised polyolefin has a
molecular weight (M.sub.w) in the range including from about 600 to
about 300,000, in another embodiment about 600 to about 100,000, in
another embodiment about 1000 to about 50,000 and in another
embodiment about 2000 to about 20,000.
[0092] The unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives
thereof may be incorporated into olefin polymer backbone and/or
grafted on to the backbone. In one embodiment the unsaturated
carboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof is grafted on to
the backbone. In one embodiment the unsaturated carboxylic acid
anhydride or derivatives thereof is incorporated into olefin
polymer backbone.
[0093] In one embodiment the polymeric dispersant viscosity
modifier is an esterified polymer derived from monomers comprising:
(i) a vinyl aromatic monomer; and (ii) an unsaturated carboxylic
acid or derivatives thereof. The polymer prior to esterification is
generally referred to as an interpolymer. In one embodiment the
esterified polymer is substantially free of to free of a
(meth)acrylate ester. In one embodiment the interpolymer is a
styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer. In one embodiment the
esterified polymer contains a nitrogen derived from a nitrogen
containing compound capable of reacting with a functionalised
polymer backbone to form an amidated polymer.
[0094] The molecular weight of the interpolymer may also be
expressed in terms of the "reduced specific viscosity" of the
polymer which is recognized means of expressing the molecular size
of a polymeric substance. As used herein, the reduced specific
viscosity (abbreviated as RSV) is the value obtained in accordance
with the formula RSV=(Relative Viscosity--1)/Concentration, wherein
the relative viscosity is determined by measuring, by means of a
dilution viscometer, the viscosity of a solution of about 1 g of
the polymer in about 10 cm.sup.3 of acetone and the viscosity of
acetone at about 30.degree. C. For purpose of computation by the
above formula, the concentration is adjusted to about 0.4 g of the
interpolymer per 10 cm.sup.3 of acetone. A more detailed discussion
of the reduced specific viscosity, also known as the specific
viscosity, as well as its relationship to the average molecular
weight of an interpolymer, appears in Paul J. Flory, Principles of
Polymer Chemistry, (1953 Edition) pages 308 et seq. The
interpolymer polymer of the invention has a RSV from about 0.05 to
about 2 in one embodiment about 0.06 to about 1 and in another
embodiment about 0.06 to about 0.8. In one embodiment the RSV is
about 0.69. In another embodiment the RSV is about 0.12. In one
embodiment the Mw of the interpolymer is about 10,000 to about
300,000.
[0095] Examples of a vinyl aromatic monomer include styrene (often
referred to as ethenylbenzene), substituted styrene or mixtures
thereof. Substituted styrene monomers include functional groups
such as a hydrocarbyl group, halo-, amino-, alkoxy-, carboxy-,
hydroxy-, sulphonyl- or mixtures thereof. The functional groups
include those located at the ortho, meta or para positions relative
to the vinyl group on the aromatic monomer, the functional groups
are located at the ortho or para position being especially useful.
In one embodiment the functional groups are located at the para
position. Halo-functional groups include chlorine, bromine, iodine
or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the halo functional group is
chlorine or mixtures thereof. Alkoxy functional groups may contain
1 to about 10 carbon atoms, in another embodiment 1 to about 8
carbon atoms, in another embodiment 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and
in yet another embodiment 1 to about 4 carbon atoms. Alkoxy
functional groups containing 1 to about 4 carbon atoms is referred
to as lower alkoxy styrene.
[0096] The hydrocarbyl group includes ranges from 1 to about 30
carbon atoms, in another embodiment 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, in
another embodiment 1 to about 15 carbon atoms and in yet another
embodiment 1 to about 10 carbon atoms. Examples of a suitable
hydrocarbyl group on styrene monomers include alpha-methylstyrene,
para-methylstyrene (often referred to as vinyl toluene),
para-tert-butylstyrene, alpha-ethylstyrene, para-lower alkoxy
styrene or mixtures thereof.
[0097] The polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier is known in the
art and commercially available from a number of corporations,
including The Lubrizol Corporation, Degussa AG and Rohmax GmbH.
[0098] The polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier is present in
the range from about 0.001 wt % to about 60 wt % of the
composition, in another embodiment about 1 wt % to about 50 wt % of
the composition, in another embodiment about 2 wt % to about 40 wt
% of the composition and in another embodiment about 5 wt % to
about 35 wt % of the composition.
[0099] Other Performance Additive
[0100] The composition of the invention optionally includes at
least one other performance additive. The other performance
additive includes a metal deactivator, a detergent, a dispersant,
an extreme pressure agent, an antiwear agent, an antioxidant, a
corrosion inhibitor, a foam inhibitor, a demulsifiers, a pour point
depressant, a seal swelling agent or mixtures thereof.
[0101] The total combined amount of the other performance additive
present on an oil free basis is present in the range from about 0
wt % to about 25 wt %, in another embodiment about 0.01 wt % to
about 20 wt %, in another embodiment about 0.1 wt % to about 15 wt
% and in yet another embodiment about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of
the composition. Although one or more of the other performance
additives may be present, it is common for the other performance
additives to be present in different amounts relative to each
other.
[0102] Antiwear Agent
[0103] Optionally, the composition includes an antiwear agent. The
antiwear agent may also act as an extreme pressure agent for
example a sulphurised olefin. The antiwear agent may be used alone
or in combination. In one embodiment the antiwear agent includes a
thiocarbamate-containing compound such as thiocarbamate esters,
thiocarbamate amides, thiocarbamic ethers, alkylene-coupled
thiocarbamates, or bis(S-alkyldithiocarbamyl) disulphides. In one
embodiment the thiocarbamate-containing compound is present. In one
embodiment the thiocarbamate-containing compound is not
present.
[0104] The dithiocarbamate containing compounds may be prepared by
reacting a dithiocarbamate acid or salt with an unsaturated
compound. The dithiocarbamates containing compounds may also be
prepared by simultaneously reacting an amine, carbon disulphide and
an unsaturated compound. Generally, the reaction occurs at a
temperature from 25.degree. C. to 125.degree. C. U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,758,362 and 4,997,969 describe dithiocarbamate compounds and
methods of making them.
[0105] In one embodiment the antiwear agent includes a fatty amine.
Useful fatty amine compounds include those commercially available
as "Armeen" (RTM) amines (products available from Akzo Chemicals,
Chicago, Ill.), such as Akzo's, Armeen C, Armeen O, Armeen O L,
Armeen T, Armeen H T, Armeen S and Armeen S D, wherein the letter
designation relates to the fatty group, such as coco, oleyl,
tallow, or stearyl groups. In one embodiment the fatty amine is
present. In one embodiment the fatty amine is not present.
[0106] In one embodiment the antiwear agent includes a sulphurised
olefin. Examples of the sulphurised olefin include an olefin
derived from propylene, isobutylene, pentene, an organic sulphide
and/or polysulphide including benzyldisulphide; bis-(chlorobenzyl)
disulphide; dibutyl tetrasulphide; di-tertiary butyl polysulphide;
and sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid, a sulphurised
alkylphenol, a sulphurised dipentene, a sulphurised terpene, a
sulphurised Diels-Alder adduct, an alkyl sulphenyl N'N-dialkyl
dithiocarbamates; or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the
sulphurised olefin includes an olefin derived from propylene,
isobutylene, pentene or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the
sulphurised olefin is present. In one embodiment the sulphurised
olefin is not present.
[0107] In one embodiment the antiwear agent includes a
phosphosulphurised hydrocarbon. Examples include a dithiophosphate,
the reaction product of phosphorus sulphide with turpentine and/or
methyl oleate; a phosphorus ester including a dihydrocarbon and/or
a trihydrocarbon phosphite, e.g., dibutyl phosphite, diheptyl
phosphite, dicyclohexyl phosphite, pentylphenyl phosphite;
dipentylphenyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, distearyl phosphite
and polypropylene substituted phenol phosphite; or mixtures
thereof.
[0108] In one embodiment the antiwear agent includes phosphorus
antiwear compounds similar to the amine salt of a phosphorus
compound described above, except the amine salt has been replaced
partially or wholly by a valence of a metal to form a metal salt.
The valence of metal includes an alkali metal, alkaline
earth-metal, a transition metal or mixtures thereof. Examples of a
metal include sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium,
barium, zinc or mixtures thereof.
[0109] In one embodiment the antiwear agent includes a metal
hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate. Examples of a metal hydrocarbyl
dithiophosphate include zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates (often
referred to as ZDDP, ZDP or ZDTP). Examples of suitable zinc
hydrocarbyl dithiophosphates compounds may include the reaction
product(s) of heptyl or octyl or nonyl dithiophosphoric acids with
ethylene diamine, morpholine or mixtures thereof. The antiwear
agent is present in ranges including from about 0 wt % to about 30
wt % of the composition, in another embodiment about 0.001 wt % to
30 wt % of the composition, in another embodiment from about 0.05
wt % to about 20 wt % of the composition, in another embodiment
from about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % of the composition and in
another embodiment from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of the
composition.
[0110] Dispersant
[0111] In one embodiment of the invention the composition further
includes a dispersant. The dispersant may be used alone or in
combination with other dispersant additives. The dispersant
includes those derived from a N-substituted long chain alkenyl
succinimide.
[0112] The N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide has a
variety of chemical structures and includes a mono-succinimide
and/or a di-succinimide. The long chain alkenyl group includes
those with a number average molecular weight of about 350 to about
10,000, in another embodiment about 400 to about 7000, in another
embodiment about 500 to about 5000 and in yet another embodiment
about 500 to about 4000. In one embodiment the long chain alkenyl
group is a polyisobutylene group, which has a number average
molecular weight from 800 to 1600 and in another embodiment from
about 1600 to about 3000. The succinimide includes those prepared
by the condensation of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent
(e.g., hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride) with a polyamine
or an amino alcohol, a polyalkylene polyamine or
poly(ethyleneamine) such as triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene
pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, still bottoms (often described
as HPAX.TM.) or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the polyamine
is still bottoms.
[0113] The N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide dispersant
additives and their preparation are disclosed, for instance, in
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,361,673, 3,401,118 and 4,234,435.
[0114] Another class of dispersant includes Mannich bases, which
are the reaction products of alkyl phenols in which the alkyl group
includes at least about 30 carbon atoms with aldehydes (especially
formaldehyde) and amines (especially polyalkylene polyamines) and
are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 3,634,515.
[0115] Another class of ashless dispersant is high molecular weight
esters. These materials are similar to the above-described
succinimides except that they may be seen as having been prepared
by reaction of a hydrocarbyl acylating agent and a polyhydric
aliphatic alcohol such as glycerol, pentaerythritol, or sorbitol.
Such materials are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No.
3,381,022.
[0116] The dispersant may also be post-treated by reaction with any
of a variety of agents. Among these are urea, thiourea,
dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones,
carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides,
nitriles, epoxides, boron compounds, and phosphorus compounds.
References detailing such treatment are listed in U.S. Pat. No.
4,654,403. In one embodiment the dispersant is borated dispersant
especially a borated N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide
or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment of the invention the borated
dispersant is not present.
[0117] The dispersant is present in a ranges from about 0 wt % to
about 25 wt % of the composition, in another embodiment about 0.01
wt % to about 15 wt % of the composition, in another embodiment
about 0.1 wt % to about 8 wt % of the composition and in yet
another embodiment about 0.5 wt % to about 4 wt % of the
composition.
[0118] Detergent
[0119] The composition may further include a detergent. Detergent
compounds are known and include neutral or overbased, Newtonian or
non-Newtonian, basic salts of alkali, alkaline earth and transition
metals with one or more of a phenate, a sulphurised phenate, a
sulphonate, a carboxylic acid, a phosphorus acid, a mono- and/or a
di-thiophosphoric acid, a saligenin, a salixarate, an
alkylsalicylate or mixtures thereof. Commonly used metals include
sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium lithium or mixtures thereof.
Most commonly used metals include sodium, magnesium and calcium. In
one embodiment of the invention the detergent include a phenate, a
sulphurised phenate or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment of the
invention the detergent is a sulphurised phenate.
[0120] Antioxidant
[0121] The composition of the invention may further include an
antioxidant. The antioxidant compounds are known and include a
molybdenum dithiocarbamate, a sulphurised olefin, a hindered
phenol, a diphenylamine or mixtures thereof. The antioxidant can be
used alone or in combination. In one embodiment the antioxidants
includes a hindered phenol, a diphenylamine or mixtures
thereof.
[0122] The diphenylamine antioxidant includes those with a mono- or
a di-alkylated phenyl ring. Examples of suitable diphenylamine
antioxidant include bis-nonylated diphenylamine, nonyl
diphenylamine, octyl diphenylamine, bis-octylated diphenylamine,
bis-decylated diphenylamine, decyl diphenylamine or mixtures
thereof.
[0123] The hindered phenol antioxidant includes a secondary butyl
and/or a tertiary butyl group as a sterically hindering group. The
phenol group optionally further includes a substituted hydrocarbyl
group and/or a bridging group linking to a second aromatic group.
Examples of suitable hindered phenol antioxidant include
2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-ethyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-propyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-butyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-pentyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-hexyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-heptyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-(2-ethylhexyl)-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-octyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol- , 4-nonyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-decyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-undecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-dodecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-tridecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-tetradecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or mixtures thereof. In one
embodiment the hindered phenol antioxidant is an ester, for
example, Irganox.RTM.L-135 a commercially available product from
Ciba. Specialty Chemicals.
[0124] Suitable examples of molybdenum dithiocarboamate include
commercial materials sold under the trade names such as Vanlube
822.TM. and Molyvan.TM. A from R. T. Vanderbilt Co., Ltd., and
Adeka Sakura-Lube.TM. S-100 and S-165 and S-600 from Asahi Denka
Kogyo K. K.
[0125] The other performance additive compounds such as a metal
deactivator include a benzotriazole; a 1,2,4-triazole, a
thiadiazole; a corrosion inhibitor include octylamine octanoate,
condensation products of dodecenyl sliccinic acid or anhydride and
a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a polyamine; a foam inhibitor
include a copolymer of (a) ethyl acrylate; (b) 2-ethylhexylacrylate
and (c) optionally vinyl acetate; a demulsifier include trialkyl
phosphates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides,
polypropylene oxides and (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers;
a pour point depressant include polyacrylamides or polymers other
than component (b) of the invention such as esters of maleic
anhydride-styrene, poly(meth)acrylates, polyacrylates; and a seal
swell agent include Exxon Necton-37.TM. (FN 1380) and Exxon Mineral
Seal Oil (FN 3200); may also be used in the composition of the
invention.
[0126] The invention further provides a method comprising
lubricating a surface while imparting deposit control, the method
employing a composition comprising:
[0127] (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity;
[0128] (b) an amine salt of a phosphorus compound; and
[0129] (c) a compound selected from the group consisting of:
[0130] 1) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier wherein the
polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier excludes copolymers derived
from (a) a nitrogen containing monomer; and (b) methacrylic acid
esters containing from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms in the
ester group;
[0131] 2) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier, a borated
dispersant; and a sulphurised olefin; and
[0132] 3) mixtures thereof, wherein the surface is a gear, a
bearing or mixtures thereof.
[0133] The surface is usually metallic and in one embodiment
ferrous. In one embodiment of the method, the wear preventing agent
is present. Deposit control includes sludge and other deposits. In
one embodiment deposit control is reduced sludge accumulation.
[0134] Process
[0135] The invention further provides a process for the preparation
of a composition comprising mixing:
[0136] (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity;
[0137] (b) an amine salt of a phosphorus compound; and
[0138] (c) a compound selected from the group consisting of:
[0139] 1) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier wherein the
polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier excludes copolymers derived
from (a) a nitrogen containing monomer; and (b) methacrylic acid
esters containing from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms in the
ester group;
[0140] 2) a polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier, a borated
dispersant; and a sulphurised olefin; and
[0141] 3) mixtures thereof.
[0142] Components (a)-(c) are mixed sequentially and/or separately
to form the composition of the invention. The mixing conditions
include a temperature in the range from about 15.degree. C. to
about 130.degree. C., in another embodiment about 20.degree. C. to
about 120.degree. C. and in another embodiment about 25.degree. C.
to about 110.degree. C.; and for a period of time in the range
about 30 seconds to about 48 hours, in another embodiment about 2
minutes to about 24 hours, in another embodiment about 5 minutes to
about 16 hours and in yet another embodiment about 10 minutes to
about 5 hours; and at pressures in the range about 86 kPa to about
266 kPa (about 650 mm Hg to about 2000 mm Hg), in another
embodiment about 91 kPa to about 200 kPa (about 690 mm Hg to about
1500 mm Hg), and in another embodiment about 95 kPa to about 133
kPa (about 715 mm Hg to about 1000 mm Hg).
[0143] The process optionally includes mixing other optional
performance additives as described above. In one embodiment the
process provides a process for the preparation of a concentrate.
The optional performance additives may be added sequentially,
separately or as a concentrate.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
[0144] The composition of the present invention is useful for a
gear or bearing lubricant. The use of the composition described
above is capable of imparting one or more performance
characteristics including deposit control, reduced carbon varnish,
decreased wear, low temperature viscometrics, high temperature
viscometrics or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the composition
of the invention is capable of improving one or more of the
performance characteristics listed above.
[0145] The following examples provide an illustration of the
invention. These examples are non exhaustive and are not intended
to limit the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLES
Preparative Example 1
Polymethacrylate Dispersant Viscosity Modifier (DVM)
[0146] A container is charged with about 120.1 parts methyl
methacrylate, about 722.4 parts C.sub.12-C.sub.15
alkylmethacrylate, about 6 parts n-dodecylmercaptan, 6 parts
t-butylperoctoate (Akzo Trigonox-21) and about 242.0 parts of Total
85N oil, followed by stirring for about 0.25 hours. A reactor
equipped with a stirrer, thermocouple reaching into the charged
reaction mixture, N.sub.2 inlet atop an addition funnel attached to
a subsurface tube, and water condenser is charged with about 1/3 of
the monomer-initiator solution and about 15.4 parts
dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide. The remainder of the
monomer-initiator mixture is placed in the addition funnel. With
N.sub.2 addition at about 0.3 litres per hour and stirring, the
mixture is heated to about 110.degree. C. over about 0.3 hour,
heating is stopped and an exotherm to about 143.degree. C. over
about 0.1 hours is observed. The temperature begins to drop and
dropwise addition of the remaining solution is begun. Addition time
is about 90 minutes; about 0.4 hours after the peak exothermic
temperature, the temperature is about 110.degree. C. The
temperature during addition is maintained at about 110.degree. C.
The reaction is held at about 110.degree. C. for one hour about 1.5
parts of t-butylperoctoate and about 3.5 parts of Total 85N oil is
charged to the reaction, the reaction is held at about 110.degree.
C. for one hour. Another about 1.5 parts of t-butylperoctoate and
about 3.5 parts of Total 85N oil is charged and the reaction is
held at about 110.degree. C. for two hours. The resulting product
has M.sub.w=68,800 and polydispersity (M.sub.w/M.sub.n)=1.90.
Preparative Example 2
Polymethacrylate (PMA) with no DVM Properties
[0147] Prepared in same process as Preparative Example of PMA DVM
except Dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide is not added.
Preparative Example 3
Esterified Maleic Anhydride Styrene Interpolymer DVM
[0148] A Polymeric Dispersant Viscosity Modifier derived from a
maleic anhydride-styrene interpolymer is prepared in a reactor
charged with about 2498.7 parts of about 11.6% solids in toluene
slurry of a maleic anhydride/styrene (1:1 mole ratio) copolymer
having a RSV=0.08, and about 500.3 parts Alfol 1218 (a mixture of
predominantly straight chain primary alcohols having from 12 to 18
carbon atoms). The materials are heated to about 120.degree. C.
with N.sub.2 blowing while removing toluene. A mixture of about
15.8 parts methane sulphonic acid and about 82.8 parts Alfol 810 (a
mixture of predominantly straight chain primary alcohols having
from 8 to 10 carbon atoms), is added over about 0.5 hour, heating
is begun while removing water and excess toluene, stabilising at
about 135.degree. C. The reaction is continued for about 18 hours,
removing water as toluene-water azeotrope. An aliquot has total
acid number=6.1 and strong acid number=3.7, net=2.4, about 98%
esterified. The temperature is raised to about 150.degree. C. The
strong acid is neutralized with about 5.6 parts 50% aqueous NaOH
added dropwise and held for about 0.5 hour. Then about 3.0 parts
aminopropylmorpholine are added over about 0.2 hour followed by
heating for 1 hour. An alkylated diphenylamine is added (3.0 parts)
and the materials are stripped to 150.degree. C. and at about 2.5
kPa (equivalent to about 20 mm Hg pressure). A light mineral oil
(S0-44) (218 parts) is added and after mixing, the oil solution is
filtered to yield 870 parts (80.0% of theory) of product.
Preparative Example 4
Esterified Maleic Anhydride Styrene with no DVM Properties
[0149] Prepared in same process as Preparative Example of
esterified Maleic anhydride Styrene DVM except
aminopropylmorpholine is not added.
Examples 1-2 and Reference Examples 1-2
[0150] Example 1 (Ex 1) was prepared by mixing in about 78.5 wt %
of EMERY.RTM. 3008 PAO oil of lubricating viscosity about 14.5 wt %
of a dispersant polymethacrylate of Preparative Example 1 and about
6.4 wt % of a mixture of a sulphurised isobutylene and an
alkylamine salt of a phosphoric acid (Primene.RTM. 81R). Example 2
(Ex 2) is prepared the same way as Example 1 except about 1.6 wt %
of a borated dispersant is added. Reference Examples 1 and 2 (Ref 1
and Ref 2) were prepared the same way as Example 1 and 2
respectively, except the dispersant polymethacrylate is replaced
with a non-dispersant polymethacrylate.
Examples 3-4 and Reference Examples 3-4
[0151] Examples 3 (Ex 3) and 4 (Ex 4) were prepared by the process
of Examples 1 and 2. The only exception is the dispersant
polymethacrylate is replaced by 11 wt % of dispersant polyolefin
(PA-1160, commercially available from DSM) and EMERY.RTM. 3008 PAO
oil of lubricating viscosity is present at about 82 wt %. Reference
Examples 3 (Ref 3) and 4 (Ref 4) were prepared by the same process
as Examples 3 and 4 except, the PA-1160 was replaced by about 7.5
wt % of polyolefin (Lucantg HC-2000 commercially available from
Mitsui Chemicals America, Inc.).
Examples 5-6 and Reference Examples 5-6
[0152] Examples 5 (Ex 5) and 6 (Ex 6) were prepared by were
prepared by the process of Examples 1 and 2. The only exception is
the dispersant polymethacrylate is replaced by about 22 wt % of a
dispersant esterified styrene-maleic anhydride interpolymer and the
EMERY.RTM. 3008 PAO oil of lubricating viscosity at about 71 wt %.
Reference Examples 5 (Ref 5) and 6 (Ref 6) were prepared by the
same process as Examples 5 and 6 except, the dispersant esterified
styrene-maleic anhydride interpolymer is replaced by a
non-dispersant esterified styrene-maleic anhydride
interpolymer.
[0153] Test 1: Oxidation Stability Test
[0154] The Oxidation Stability test was carried out based on a
modified Coordinating European Council (CEC) test method
CEC-L-48-A-00. The modified test conditions used were a test tube
is filled with about 90 g sample and heated to about 160.degree. C.
for a period of about 72 hours with an air flow of about 83 cc
min.sup.-1. The test procedure measures a tube rating, % viscosity
increase (at 40.degree. C. and 100.degree. C.) and spot rating. A
lighter tube rating indicates decreased deposit formation on the
tube. Higher spot ratings indicate reduced amounts of particulate
matter being produced. The results obtained were:
1 Example Tube Rating Spot Rating Ex 1 Medium 61.9 Ref 1 Heavy 49.4
Ex 2 Light to Medium 100 Ref 2 Heavy 26.4 Ex 3 Medium 43.7 Ref 3
Heavy 69.5 Ex 4 Light to Medium 100 Ref 4 Heavy 31.3 Ex 5 Heavy
30.3 Ref 5 Heavy 27.3 Ex 6 Medium 54.7 Ref 6 Medium 37.7
[0155] The analysis of the experimental data obtained for the
following combinations of reference examples and invention examples
Ex 1 with Ref 1; Ex 2 with Ref 2; Ex 3 with Ref 3; Ex 4 with Ref 4;
Ex 5 with Ref 5; and Ex 6 with Ref 6 shows that the composition of
the invention produces decreased amounts of deposit formation over
the corresponding reference example.
[0156] In summary the composition of the invention is capable of
imparting one or more performance characteristics including deposit
control, reduced carbon varnish, decreased wear, low temperature
viscometrics, high temperature viscometrics or mixtures
thereof.
[0157] While the invention has been explained, it is to be
understood that various modifications thereof will become apparent
to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification.
Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention disclosed
herein is intended to cover such modifications as fall within the
scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *