U.S. patent application number 11/065650 was filed with the patent office on 2005-11-24 for sports drink.
Invention is credited to Tritch, Daniel L..
Application Number | 20050260303 11/065650 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35375449 |
Filed Date | 2005-11-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050260303 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Tritch, Daniel L. |
November 24, 2005 |
Sports drink
Abstract
A conventional food in the form of a sports drink which contains
quinine for preventing muscle cramping in athletes who undertake
strenuous physical activity. In one form, the sports drink is a
water-based composition which includes quinine as a muscle cramping
preventative, as well as suitable electrolytes, such as potassium,
calcium, sodium, and one or more flavoring agents for palatability.
The sports drink also includes magnesium and/or calcium to enhance
the muscle cramping preventative effects of quinine. The sports
drink may also include carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, amino
acids, and other nutrients as desired, and may have an acidic or
substantially neutral pH. When consumed prior to, during, or after
undertaking physical activity, the sports drink has been observed
to be effective in preventing muscle cramping, or alleviating
muscle cramping once it has occurred.
Inventors: |
Tritch, Daniel L.; (Fort
Wayne, IN) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BAKER & DANIELS LLP
111 E. WAYNE STREET
SUITE 800
FORT WAYNE
IN
46802
US
|
Family ID: |
35375449 |
Appl. No.: |
11/065650 |
Filed: |
February 24, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60551278 |
Mar 8, 2004 |
|
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60623026 |
Oct 28, 2004 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
426/74 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A23L 2/60 20130101; A23L
33/16 20160801; A23L 2/56 20130101; A23L 2/52 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
426/074 |
International
Class: |
A23K 001/175 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A liquid composition for use as a sports drink, comprising:
water; at least one electrolyte; and quinine, in an amount of
between 0.5 and 4.5 mg/8 oz.
2. The composition of claim 1, comprising quinine in an amount of
between 1.0 and 4.0 mg/8 oz.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein said at least one
electrolyte comprises magnesium in an amount of between 0.5 and 25
mg/8 oz.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein said at least one
electrolyte comprises calcium in an amount of between 0.5 and 25
mg/8 oz.
5. The composition of claim 1, having a pH of between 5.0 and
7.5.
6. The composition of claim 1, further comprising sodium
chloride.
7. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a
flavoring agent and a suspending agent.
8. A liquid composition for use as a sports drink, comprising:
water; quinine; and magnesium, in an amount of between 0.5 and 25
mg/8 oz.
9. The composition of claim 8, comprising magnesium in an amount of
between 1.5 and 5 mg/8 oz.
10. The composition of claim 8, comprising quinine in an amount of
between 0.5 and 10 mg/8 oz.
11. The composition of claim 10, wherein said at least one
electrolyte comprises calcium in an amount of between 0.5 and 25
mg/8 oz.
12. The composition of claim 8, having a pH of between 5.0 and
7.5.
13. The composition of claim 8, further comprising sodium
chloride.
14. The composition of claim 8, further comprising at least one of
a flavoring agent and a suspending agent.
15. A liquid composition for use as a sports drink, comprising:
water; quinine; and calcium, in an amount of between 0.5 and 25
mg/8 oz.
16. The composition of claim 15, comprising calcium in an amount of
between 1.5 and 5 mg/8 oz.
17. The composition of claim 15, comprising quinine in an amount of
between 0.5 and 10 mg/8 oz.
18. The composition of claim 17, comprising magnesium in an amount
of between 0.5 and 25 mg/8 oz.
19. The composition of claim 15, having a pH of between 5.0 and
7.5.
20. The composition of claim 15, further comprising sodium
chloride.
21. The composition of claim 15, further comprising at least one of
a flavoring agent and a suspending agent.
22. A liquid composition for use as a sports drink, comprising:
water; at least one electrolyte; quinine; and said composition
having a pH of between 5.0 and 7.5.
23. The composition of claim 22, comprising quinine in an amount of
between 0.5 and 10 mg/8 oz.
24. The composition of claim 22, comprising magnesium in an amount
of between 0.5 and 25 mg/8 oz.
25. The composition of claim 22, wherein said at least one
electrolyte comprises calcium in an amount of between 0.5 and 25
mg/8 oz.
26. The composition of claim 22, further comprising sodium
chloride.
27. The composition of claim 22, further comprising at least one of
a flavoring agent and a suspending agent.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is related to and claims the benefit under
Title 35, U.S.C. .sctn. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent
Application Ser. No. 60/551,278, entitled SPORTS DRINK, filed on
Mar. 8, 2004, as well as U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser.
No. 60/623,026, entitled SPORTS DRINK, filed on Oct. 28, 2004.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to sports drinks of the type
consumed by athletes before, during, or after engaging in strenuous
physical activity, such as exercise, training, and athletic
competition.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] It is well known that athletes, when undertaking strenuous
physical activity during exercise, training, or competition, will
lose bodily fluids through sweating according to the human body's
natural cooling process. In particular, athletes lose water,
electrolytes, sugars, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and other
nutrients through sweating during physical activity. In order to
replace the water, electrolytes, and other nutrients which are lost
through sweat during exercise, athletes typically consume water
and/or sports drinks before, during, or after undertaking physical
activity. Known sports drinks are usually water-based, and
typically include electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, and
calcium, as well as sugars, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, and
other nutrients, as well as flavoring agents.
[0006] Additionally, it is well known that athletes may exhibit
muscular cramping during strenuous activity, particularly in the
lower extremities and particularly when the ambient temperature is
high. Other risk factors for muscle cramping include poor diet and
high body weight. Leg cramping in particular is often observed in
athletes who undertake a significant amount of running and/or
jumping activities, such as during participation in track,
basketball, and football, for example. In both individual and team
sports, muscle cramping can adversely effect the outcome of
competitions for athletes and/or their teams.
[0007] While the exact physiological causes of muscle cramping are
not completely understood, one theory is that muscle fatigue may
interfere with the neurological mechanisms which control muscle
contraction. Another theory is that muscle cramping results from
dehydration, and in particular, electrolyte loss during sweating
which occurs during strenuous physical activity.
[0008] The latter of the foregoing theories is rather long
standing, and is known to many athletes. Thus, athletes who
frequently undertake strenuous physical activity in training and
competition often drink water or sports drinks before, during, or
after physical exertion in an attempt to prevent muscle cramping.
Additionally, athletes also typically perform stretching exercises
before physical activity in an attempt to prevent cramping.
However, in spite of the athletes' efforts to remain hydrated and
to stretch before physical activity, muscle cramping is still often
observed, and can occur seemingly randomly in all types of athletes
participating in all types of physical activity.
[0009] Quinine is a known muscle relaxant, and has been prescribed
by physicians for the treatment of nocturnal cramping in the
elderly, usually in the form of its quinine sulfate salt, at high
doses such as 300 or 325 mg., for example. In the 1600's and
1700's, quinine was believed to have anti-malarial benefits, and
was included in tonic water for administering orally, often mixed
with gin. Today, tonic water still includes quinine; however, the
very bitter taste of quinine makes it unpalatable to many
people.
[0010] U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,891,888 and 6,039,987 to Strahl disclose
physical endurance drinks which include quinine in relatively high
amounts, namely, between 5 mg to 20 mg per 8 oz. Disadvantageously,
the high amounts of quinine in the drinks, which are apparently
considered necessary to achieve an anti-cramping effect, provide a
bitter taste. In an attempt to mask the bitter taste of the quinine
when present in such high amounts, the drinks include flavoring
agents and have an acidic pH, namely, between 2.5 and 4.5,
preferably 2.5.
[0011] What is needed is an improved, palatable sports drink which
aids in preventing muscle cramping in athletes who undertake
strenuous physical activity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] The present invention relates to a conventional food in the
form of a sports drink which contains quinine for preventing muscle
cramping in athletes who undertake strenuous physical activity. In
one form, the sports drink is a water-based composition which
includes quinine as a muscle cramping preventative, as well as
suitable electrolytes, such as potassium, calcium, sodium, and one
or more flavoring agents for palatability. The sports drink also
includes magnesium and/or calcium to enhance the muscle cramping
preventative effects of quinine. The sports drink may also include
carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and other nutrients
as desired, and may have an acidic or substantially neutral pH.
When consumed prior to, during, or after undertaking physical
activity, the sports drink has been observed to be effective in
preventing muscle cramping, or alleviating muscle cramping once it
has occurred.
[0013] In one embodiment, a sports drink is provided, including
water, quinine and magnesium as muscle cramping preventatives, one
or more electrolytes, such as potassium, and sodium, suitable
suspension and/or flavoring agents, and optionally sugars and/or
salt. It has been found that relatively low amounts of quinine,
such as between 0.5 and 5 mg per 8 oz, are effective to prevent
muscle cramps, yet do not adversely affect the palatability of the
sports drink. Also, it is thought that the presence of magnesium
and/or calcium in the sports drink, along with quinine, enhances
the cramping preventative effect.
[0014] In one method, the sports drink is prepared by first
preparing a liquid or solid concentrate composition including
quinine and other ingredients, and thereafter diluting and mixing
an amount of the concentrate with water, or a solution of water and
electrolytes and/or other ingredients to form a ready-to-drink
liquid sports drink. Alternatively, the sports drink may be
produced directly in ready-to-drink liquid form. The sports drink
may optionally be carbonated.
[0015] In one form thereof, the present invention provides a liquid
composition for use as a sports drink, including water; at least
one electrolyte; and quinine, in an amount of between 0.5 and 4.5
mg/8 oz.
[0016] In another form thereof, the present invention provides a
liquid composition for use as a sports drink, including water;
quinine; and magnesium, in an amount of between 0.5 and 25 mg/8
oz.
[0017] In another form thereof, the present invention provides a
liquid composition for use as a sports drink, including water;
quinine; and calcium, in an amount of between 0.5 and 25 mg/8
oz.
[0018] In a further form thereof, the present invention provides a
liquid composition for use as a sports drink, including water; at
least one electrolyte; quinine; and the composition having a pH of
between 5.0 and 7.5.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The disclosures of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser.
No. 60/551,278, entitled SPORTS DRINK, filed on Mar. 8, 2004, as
well as U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/623,026,
entitled SPORTS DRINK, filed on Oct. 28, 2004, are hereby
incorporated by reference.
[0020] The present invention is directed toward a sports drink
which includes quinine for preventing the occurrence of muscle
cramping in athletes who consume the sports drink, or for aiding in
alleviating muscle cramping once it has occurred. The sports drink
may be prepared as a liquid composition ready for drinking, or
alternatively, may be prepared in a liquid or powder concentrate
form for mixing with water to form a liquid composition ready for
drinking.
[0021] Although the physiological mechanism by which quinine
prevents and/or alleviates muscle cramping is not completely
understood, it is thought that the antimytonic activity of quinine
acts upon the muscle fibers to increase the contractile refractory
period, and that quinine aids in electrolyte distribution through
the muscle fibers, allowing effective prevention and relief of
muscle cramps. Additionally, quinine is water soluble, and is
readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
[0022] In order to produce the sports drink, quinine
((C.sub.20H.sub.24N.sub.2O.sub.2).sub.2) (MW 324.18) is obtained
from a suitable source, such as in bulk powder form or in tablet
form as quinine sulfate
((C.sub.20H.sub.24N.sub.2O.sub.2).sub.2.multidot.H.sub.2SO.sub.4.-
multidot.2H.sub.2O) (MW 782.95). The quinine sulfate may be mixed
with water to dissolve the quinine sulfate, or alternatively, the
quinine sulfate may be mixed with a suitable suspending agent, such
as those set forth in the Examples herein. The suspending agent is
effective to promote dispersion of the quinine sulfate in an
aqueous medium.
[0023] The quinine content of the sports drink may at least 0.5 mg
per 8 oz ((2.1 ppm), at least 1.5 mg per 8 oz (6.25 ppm), or at
least 2.5 mg per 8 oz (10.42 ppm), and less than or equal to 100 mg
per 8 oz 416.6 ppm), less than or equal to 10 mg per 8 oz (41.6
ppm), or less than or equal to 3.5 mg per 8 oz (14.59 ppm).
Preferably, the quinine content will be between 0.5 and 4.5 mg per
8 oz, most preferably between 1.0 and 4.0 mg per 8 oz.
[0024] One or more flavoring agents may be used to mask the bitter
taste of the quinine, such as cocoa, cherry, raspberry, cinnamon,
lime, cola, citric acid, or other types of flavoring agents,
typically available in the form of concentrated syrups. Specific
flavoring agents are set forth in the Examples, and include lemon
juice and lime juice. Further, commercially available packets of
solid or powder form drink flavoring concentrate may also be added.
Also, sugar or salt may be added as desired to aid in masking the
bitter taste of the quinine. Suitable sugars include carbohydrate
monomers and polymers, such as monosaccharides and
oligosaccharides, including glucose and fructose.
[0025] The sports drink may also include one or more electrolytes,
including in particular magnesium, which is thought to be a muscle
cramping preventative. In particular, magnesium is though to
enhance the anti-cramping effects of the quinine in the present
sports drink by helping to stabilize muscle membranes, in view of
the fact that magnesium has been used in the past to relieve
eclampsia convulsions during pregnancy. The sports drink may have a
magnesium content of at least 0.5 mg per 8 oz (2.1 ppm), at least
1.5 mg per 8 oz (6.25 ppm), or at least 2.5 mg per 8 oz (10.42
ppm), and less than or equal to 25 mg per 8 oz (104.17 ppm), less
than or equal to 12.5 mg per 8 oz (52 ppm), or less than or equal
to 5 mg per 8 oz (20.84 ppm).
[0026] The sports drink may include one or more additional
electrolytes, such as alkali and alkaline earth salts, including
salts of potassium, calcium, magnesium, or sodium such as, for
example, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, sodium
bromide, sodium phosphate, potassium acetate, potassium bromide,
potassium chloride, potassium citrate, calcium acetate, calcium
chloride, calcium phosphate, and magnesium chloride.
[0027] Calcium is also thought to be a muscle cramping
preventative. In particular, calcium has been used in the past in
the treatment of seizure-induced cramping, and is also though to
enhance the anti-cramping effects of the quinine in the present
sports drink. The calcium content of the sports drink may be at
least 0.5 mg per 8 oz (2.1 ppm), at least 1.5 mg per 8 oz (6.25
ppm), or at least 2.5 mg per 8 oz (10.42 ppm), and less than or
equal to 25 mg per 8 oz (104.17 ppm), less than or equal to 12.5 mg
per 8 oz (52 ppm), or less than or equal to 5 mg per 8 oz (20.84
ppm).
[0028] To improve the palatability of the sports drink, the pH of
the sports drink is substantially acidic or substantially neutral.
In particular, the pH of the sports drink may be as low as 2.5,
3.5, 4.5 or 5.0, or as high as 7.5, 7.0, 6.5, or 6.0.
[0029] The present sports drink may be carbonated, if desired,
although it is preferred that the sports drink not be carbonated in
order to make the drink easier to consume.
[0030] According to one embodiment, between 8 oz and 16 oz of the
sports drink, for example, may be consumed by the athlete about 1
to 2 hours before physical activity and/or during physical
activity.
[0031] These and other aspects of the present invention may be more
readily understood by reference to one or more of the following
Examples. In the following Examples, sports drink servings of 8,
10, and 16 ounces are used, wherein ounces indicated are fluid
ounces. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate
that the amounts of the various components of the sports drink may
be modified to form different volume servings of the sports drink,
such as 6 ounces or 12 ounces, for example, by application of
suitable dilution or concentration factors.
EXAMPLE 1
Sports Drink Formulation
[0032] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
1 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, five (5) 324 mg capsules 1620
mg Ora Sweet (simple syrup), NDC 70 ml 00574-0304-16, available
from Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN Ora-Plus (oral suspending agent),
NDC 90 ml 00574-0303 from Paddock Co., Minneapolis,MN Cherry syrup
(flavoring vehicle), NDC 20 ml 00395-2662-16, available from Humco
Labs in Texarkana, TX
[0033] The concentrate was prepared as follows. First, 90 ml of
Ora-Plus suspending agent was measured into a container, followed
by dissolving the contents of five (5) 324 mg capsules of quinine
sulfate into the suspending agent with mixing. Thereafter, 70 ml of
Ora Sweet and 20 ml of cherry flavoring agent was measured and
combined with the suspending agent and quinine sulfate with mixing
until a homogeneous concentrate solution was obtained having a
total volume of 180 ml.
[0034] Then, 2.2 ml portions of the concentrate solution were added
via pipette, each to an 8 ounce bottle of fruit punch flavored
Gatorade.RTM. sports drink. (Gatorade.RTM. is a registered
trademark of Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. of Chicago, Ill.).
Gatorade.RTM. is a commercially available non-carbonated sports
drink, which includes a mixture of water, sodium chloride,
potassium chloride, flavoring agents, and other ingredients. Each
2.2 ml portion of the concentrate solution contained approximately
20 mg quinine sulfate, thus, each eight ounce portion of sports
drink included 20 mg of quinine sulfate.
EXAMPLE 2
Muscle Cramping Study #1
[0035] In order to observe the effects of the present sports drink
on muscle cramping in athletes, a study was conducted with high
school football players as described below. Over a three week time
frame, 4 athletic trainers covering 5 different high schools
participated in the study. Each trainer randomly chose 10 athletes
for each of two high school football games. Consent forms outlining
the study were signed by the athletes' guardians and recorded by
the attending athletic trainer.
[0036] At each of 10 total games, 5 athletes were selected at
random to receive the present sports drink of EXAMPLE 1, containing
quinine sulfate, and 5 athletes were selected to receive a control
drink of fruit punch flavored Gatorade.RTM. without the quinine
sulfate concentration of EXAMPLE 1. The athletes were instructed to
drink the entire contents of the drink at least 30 minutes prior to
participation in the football game. Each athlete was asked to
complete a survey within 30 minutes of the completion of the game,
which survey asked the athlete a series of questions regarding the
occurrence of muscle cramping during the game. A total of 26
athletes in the study group complied with the consumption and
survey requirements, and a total of 20 athletes in the control
group complied with the consumption and survey requirements.
[0037] Of the 26 athletes in the study group, an average of 40.8
minutes of play time was reported, while the average play time
reported for 20 athletes in the control group was 36.8 minutes. The
average temperature at the games was 72.degree. F.
[0038] Two (2) members of the study group reporting muscle cramping
during the games, with the severity of the cramping averaging 1.5
out of 10 on a subjective pain scale rating, as reported by the
survey. Six (6) members of the control group reported muscle
cramping during the games with the severity of the cramping
averaging 3.5 out of 10 on the subjective pain scale rating, as
reported by the survey. No members of the study group experienced
more than one muscle cramp each competition, and no muscle cramps
which were experienced during the competitions prohibited
participation in the competition by the respective athlete.
[0039] The athletes in the control group reported an average of
1.83 muscle cramps per athlete, with 2 athletes reporting 1 muscle
cramp, 3 athletes reporting 2 muscle cramps, and 1 athlete
reporting 3 muscle cramps. All athletes in the control group who
experienced more than 1 episode of muscle cramping during any given
competition had play time shortened because of the cramping
episodes.
[0040] The foregoing study indicates that consumption of the
present sports drink is beneficial in reducing cramping in athletes
during strenuous physical activity.
EXAMPLE 3
Sports Drink Formulation
[0041] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
2 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, five (5) 324 mg capsules 1620
mg NDC 53489-0221-01, available from Mutual Labs, Philadelphia, PA
Ora Sweet (simple syrup), NDC 60 ml 00574-0304-16, available from
Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN Ora-Plus (oral suspending agent
vehicle), 40 ml NDC 00574-0303, available from Paddock Co.,
Minneapolis, MN Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 60 ml
00395-2662-16, available from Humco Labs in Texarkana, TX Water
(filtered osmosis) 20 ml
[0042] The concentrate was prepared as follows. First, the 5
capsules of quinine sulfate were added to 20 ml of water in a 180
ml liquid prescription bottle and shaken vigorously. Then, 40 ml of
Ora-plus was added with shaking, followed by the addition of 60 ml
of Ora-sweet with shaking. Finally, 60 ml of cherry syrup was added
with shaking to make a final concentrate suspension of 180 ml.
[0043] A 1.1 ml portion of the quinine concentrate suspension,
including 10 mg of quinine sulfate, was added to 10 ounces of fruit
flavored Gatorade.RTM. sports drink. The drink had a slight bitter
taste as tested by a test panel.
EXAMPLE 4
Sports Drink Formulation
[0044] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
3 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, five (5) 324 mg capsules 1620
mg NDC 53489-0221-01, available from Mutual Labs, Philadelphia, PA
Ora Sweet (simple syrup), NDC 60 ml 00574-0304-16, available from
Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN Ora-Plus (oral suspending agent
vehicle), 40 ml NDC 00574-0303, available from Paddock Co.,
Minneapolis, MN Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 60 ml
00395-2662-16, available from Humco Labs in Texarkana, TX Water
(filtered osmosis) 20 ml Morton's .RTM. table salt - sodium
chloride, 2.75 gm calcium silicate, dextrose, and potassium iodide,
available from Morton Intl. Inc., Chicago, IL
[0045] The concentrate was prepared as follows. First, the 5
capsules of quinine sulfate were added to 20 ml of water in 180 ml
of liquid prescription bottle and shaken vigorously. Then, 40 ml of
Ora-plus was added with shaking, followed by the addition of 60 ml
of Ora-sweet with shaking. 60 ml of cherry syrup were then added,
along with 2.75 gm salt (approximately 1/2 teaspoon) and shaken
very well to ensure that the salt crystals dissolved well into the
concentrate suspension.
[0046] A 1.1 ml of the quinine sulfate suspension, including 10 mg
of quinine sulfate, was added to 10 ounces of fruit flavored
Gatorade.RTM. sports drink. The drink had a very slight quinine
taste, as tested by a test panel. The test panel also found the
drink to have a salty flavor.
EXAMPLE 5
Sports Drink Formulation
[0047] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
4 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, five (5) 324 mg capsules 1620
mg NDC 53489-0221-01, available from Mutual Labs, Philadelphia, PA
Ora-Sweet (simple syrup), NDC 60 ml 00574-0304-16, available from
Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN Ora-Plus (oral suspending agent
vehicle), 40 ml NDC 00574-0303, available from Paddock Co.,
Minneapolis, MN Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 60 ml
00395-2662-16, available from Humco Labs in Texarkana, TX Water
(filtered osmosis) 20 ml Morton's .RTM. table salt - sodium
chloride, 0.75 gm calcium silicate, dextrose, and potassium iodide,
available from Morton Intl. Inc., Chicago, IL
[0048] The concentrate was prepared as follows. First, the 5
capsules of quinine sulfate were added to 20 ml of water in a 180
ml liquid prescription bottle and shaken vigorously. 40 ml of
Ora-plus was added with shaking, followed by the addition of 60 ml
of Ora-sweet with shaking. 60 ml of cherry syrup was added, along
with 0.75 gm of salt (approx. 1/6 of a teaspoon), and shaken very
well to ensure that the salt crystals dissolved.
[0049] A 1.1 ml portion of the quinine sulfate suspension,
including 10 mg of quinine sulfate, was added to 10 ounces of fruit
flavored Gatorade.RTM. sports drink. A 0.55 ml portion of the
quinine sulfate suspension, including 5 mg of quinine sulfate, was
added to 10 ounces of fruit flavored Gatorade.RTM. sports drink. A
very slightly noticeable taste of quinine was present in drinks,
and the lower concentration of salt enhanced the masking of the
bitter taste of the quinine. There was no noticeable bitter
aftertaste of quinine after taste testing the drink by the members
of the test panel.
EXAMPLE 6
Sports Drink Formulation
[0050] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
5 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, five (5) 324 mg capsules 1620
mg NDC 53489-0221-01, available from Mutual Labs, Philadelphia, PA
Morton's .RTM. table salt, sodium chloride, 0.75 gm calcium
silicate, dextrose, and potassium iodide, available from Morton
Intl. Inc., Chicago, IL Lime concentrate, Realime .RTM. 100% juice,
52 ml available from Molt's of Stanford, CT Water (filtered
osmosis) 20 ml
[0051] The concentrate was prepared as follows. First, the two 324
mg capsules of quinine sulfate were added to 20 ml of water in a 90
ml prescription bottle and shaken well. Next, 52 ml of lime
concentrate was added, along with 0.50 mg of salt, and shaken
well.
[0052] A 1.1 ml portion of the quinine sulfate suspension,
including 10 mg of quinine sulfate, was added to 8 ounces of fruit
flavored Gatorade.RTM. sports drink. The bitter taste of quinine
was present, as tested by the test panel, and the lime flavor did
not mix with the fruit flavor of the Gatorade.RTM. from a flavor
standpoint.
EXAMPLE 7
Sports Drink Formulation
[0053] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
6 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 5 capsules (325 mg), 1620
mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs, Philadelphia, PA
19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml 00472-1001-16,
available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD 21244 Calcium
chloride (injection), USP 10%, 10 ml NDC 0517-2710-25, available
from American Regent Laboratories, Inc., Shirley, NY 11967
Magnesium oxide, 4 tablets (400 mg. ea), 1600 mg NDC 68585-0006-12,
available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Paramus, NJ Ora-plus
(oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml 00574-0303-16, available from
Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427 Cherry syrup (flavoring
vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16, available from Humco Labs,
Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered osmosis) 18 ml Sodium chloride
(table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of Concentrate 180 ml
[0054] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 5 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 4
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. 18 ml of filtered water was added, along with 15
ml Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously
for 2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 10
ml of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0055] gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
7 Ingredient Amount Granulated sugar 8 oz (240 ml) Lemon juice
concentrate (liquid) 200 ml Lime juice concentrate (liquid) 30 ml
Sodium chloride (table salt) 3/4 tsp Water (filtered osmosis) to
make 1 gallon
[0056] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. The pH of the sports drink was 2.80. Thereafter, the
sports drink was separated into individual 8 oz. portions or
servings, each 8 oz. portion or serving including the following
amounts of ingredients:
8 Ingredient Amount Quinine 2.5 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 2.5 mg
Magnesium 3 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 8
Sports Drink Formulation
[0057] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
9 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 6 capsules (325 mg), 1950
mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs, Philadelphia, PA
19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml 00472-1001-16,
available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD 21244 Calcium
chloride (injection), USP 10%, 10 ml NDC 0517-2710-25, available
from American Regent Laboratories, Inc., Shirley, NY 11967
Magnesium oxide, 4 tablets (400 mg. ea), 1600 mg NDC 68585-0006-12,
available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Paramus, NJ Ora-plus
(oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml 00574-0303-16, available from
Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427 Cherry syrup (flavoring
vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16, available from Humco Labs,
Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered osmosis) 18 ml Sodium chloride
(table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of Concentrate 180 ml
[0058] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 6 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 4
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. 18 ml of filtered water was added, along with 15
ml Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously
for 2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 10
ml of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0059] 1 gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
10 Ingredient Amount Granulated sugar 8 oz (240 ml) Lemon juice
concentrate (liquid) 200 ml Lime juice concentrate (liquid) 30 ml
Sodium chloride (table salt) 3/4 tsp Water (filtered osmosis) to
make 1 gallon
[0060] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. The pH of the sports drink was 2.80. Thereafter, the
sports drink was separated into individual 8 oz. portions or
servings, each 8 oz. portion or serving including the following
amounts of ingredients:
11 Ingredient Amount Quinine 3 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 2.5 mg
Magnesium 3 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 9
Sports Drink Formulation
[0061] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
12 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 7 capsules (325 mg),
2275 mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs,
Philadelphia, PA 19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml
00472-1001-16, available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD
21244 Calcium chloride (injection), USP 10%, 10 ml NDC
0517-2710-25, available from American Regent Laboratories, Inc.,
Shirley, NY 11967 Magnesium oxide, 4 tablets (400 mg. ea), 1600 mg
NDC 68585-0006-12, available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Paramus, NJ Ora-plus (oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml
00574-0303-16, available from Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427
Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16,
available from Humco Labs, Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered
osmosis) 18 ml Sodium chloride (table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of
Concentrate 180 ml
[0062] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 7 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 4
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. 18 ml of filtered water was added, along with 15
ml Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously
for 2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 10
ml of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0063] 1 gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
13 Ingredient Amount Granulated sugar 8 oz (240 ml) Lemon juice
concentrate (liquid) 200 ml Lime juice concentrate (liquid) 30 ml
Sodium chloride (table salt) 3/4 tsp Water (filtered osmosis) to
make 1 gallon
[0064] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. The pH of the sports drink was 2.80. Thereafter, the
sports drink was separated into individual 8 oz. portions or
servings, each 8 oz. portion or serving including the following
amounts of ingredients:
14 Ingredient Amount Quinine 3.5 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 2.5 mg
Magnesium 3 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 10
Sports Drink Formulation
[0065] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
15 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 4 capsules (325 mg),
1300 mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs,
Philadelphia, PA 19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml
00472-1001-16, available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD
21244 Calcium chloride (injection), USP 10%, 10 ml NDC
0517-2710-25, available from American Regent Laboratories, Inc.,
Shirley, NY 11967 Magnesium oxide, 4 tablets (400 mg. ea), 1600 mg
NDC 68585-0006-12, available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Paramus, NJ Ora-plus (oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml
00574-0303-16, available from Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427
Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16,
available from Humco Labs, Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered
osmosis) 18 ml Sodium chloride (table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of
Concentrate 180 ml
[0066] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 4 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 4
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. 18 ml of filtered water was added, along with 15
ml Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously
for 2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 10
ml of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0067] 1 gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
16 Ingredient Amount Granulated sugar 8 oz (240 ml) Lemon juice
concentrate (liquid) 200 ml Lime juice concentrate (liquid) 30 ml
Sodium chloride (table salt) 3/4 tsp Water (filtered osmosis) to
make 1 gallon
[0068] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. The pH of the sports drink was 2.80. Thereafter, the
sports drink was separated into individual 8 oz. portions or
servings, each 8 oz. portion or serving including the following
amounts of ingredients:
17 Ingredient Amount Quinine 2 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 2.5 mg
Magnesium 3 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 11
Sports Drink Formulation
[0069] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
18 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 3 capsules (325 mg), 975
mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs, Philadelphia, PA
19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml 00472-1001-16,
available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD 21244 Calcium
chloride (injection), USP 10%, 10 ml NDC 0517-2710-25, available
from American Regent Laboratories, Inc., Shirley, NY 11967
Magnesium oxide, 4 tablets (400 mg. ea), 1600 mg NDC 68585-0006-12,
available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Paramus, NJ Ora-plus
(oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml 00574-0303-16, available from
Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427 Cherry syrup (flavoring
vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16, available from Humco Labs,
Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered osmosis) 18 ml Sodium chloride
(table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of Concentrate 180 ml
[0070] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 3 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 4
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. 18 ml of filtered water was added, along with 15
ml Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously
for 2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 10
ml of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0071] 1 gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
19 Ingredient Amount Granulated sugar 8 oz (240 ml) Lemon juice
concentrate (liquid) 200 ml Lime juice concentrate (liquid) 30 ml
Sodium chloride (table salt) 3/4 tsp Water (filtered osmosis) to
make 1 gallon
[0072] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. The pH of the sports drink was 2.80. Thereafter, the
sports drink was separated into individual 8 oz. portions or
servings, each 8 oz. portion or serving including the following
amounts of ingredients:
20 Ingredient Amount Quinine 1.5 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 2.5 mg
Magnesium 3 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 12
Sports Drink Formulation
[0073] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
21 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 5 capsules (325 mg),
1625 mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs,
Philadelphia, PA 19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml
00472-1001-16, available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD
21244 Calcium chloride (injection), USP 10%, 20 ml NDC
0517-2710-25, available from American Regent Laboratories, Inc.,
Shirley, NY 11967 Magnesium oxide, 4 tablets (400 mg. ea), 1600 mg
NDC 68585-0006-12, available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Paramus, NJ Ora-plus (oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml
00574-0303-16, available from Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427
Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16,
available from Humco Labs, Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered
osmosis) 8 ml Sodium chloride (table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of
Concentrate 180 ml
[0074] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 5 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 4
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. 8 ml of filtered water was added, along with 15 ml
Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously for
2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 20 ml
of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0075] 1 gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
22 Ingredient Amount Granulated sugar 8 oz (240 ml) Lemon juice
concentrate (liquid) 200 ml Lime juice concentrate (liquid) 30 ml
Sodium chloride (table salt) 3/4 tsp Water (filtered osmosis) to
make 1 gallon
[0076] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. The pH of the sports drink was 2.80. Thereafter, the
sports drink was separated into individual 8 oz. portions or
servings, each 8 oz. portion or serving including the following
amounts of ingredients:
23 Ingredient Amount Quinine 5 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 3.5 mg
Magnesium 3 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 13
Sports Drink Formulation
[0077] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
24 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 5 capsules (325 mg),
1625 mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs,
Philadelphia, PA 19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml
00472-1001-16, available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD
21244 Calcium chloride (injection), USP 10%, 28 ml NDC
0517-2710-25, available from American Regent Laboratories, Inc.,
Shirley, NY 11967 Magnesium oxide, 4 tablets (400 mg. ea), 1600 mg
NDC 68585-0006-12, available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Paramus, NJ Ora-plus (oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml
00574-0303-16, available from Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427
Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16,
available from Humco Labs, Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered
osmosis) None Sodium chloride (table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of
Concentrate 180 ml
[0078] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 5 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 4
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. No filtered water was added, along with 15 ml
Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously for
2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 28 ml
of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0079] 1 gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
25 Ingredient Amount Granulated sugar 8 oz (240 ml) Lemon juice
concentrate (liquid) 200 ml Lime juice concentrate (liquid) 30 ml
Sodium chloride (table salt) 3/4 tsp Water (filtered osmosis) to
make 1 gallon
[0080] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. The pH of the sports drink was 2.80. Thereafter, the
sports drink was separated into individual 8 oz. portions or
servings, each 8 oz. portion or serving including the following
amounts of ingredients:
26 Ingredient Amount Quinine 5 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 4 mg
Magnesium 3 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 14
Sports Drink Formulation
[0081] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
27 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 5 capsules (325 mg),
1625 mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs,
Philadelphia, PA 19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml
00472-1001-16, available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD
21244 Calcium chloride (injection), USP 10%, 10 ml NDC
0517-2710-25, available from American Regent Laboratories, Inc.,
Shirley, NY 11967 Magnesium oxide, 6 tablets (400 mg. ea), 2400 mg
NDC 68585-0006-12, available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Paramus, NJ Ora-plus (oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml
00574-0303-16, available from Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427
Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16,
available from Humco Labs, Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered
osmosis) 18 ml Sodium chloride (table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of
Concentrate 180 ml
[0082] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 5 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 6
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. 18 ml of filtered water was added, along with 15
ml Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously
for 2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 10
ml of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0083] 1 gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
28 Ingredient Amount Granulated sugar 8 oz (240 ml) Lemon juice
concentrate (liquid) 200 ml Lime juice concentrate (liquid) 30 ml
Sodium chloride (table salt) 3/4 tsp Water (filtered osmosis) to
make 1 gallon
[0084] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. The pH of the sports drink was 2.80. Thereafter, the
sports drink was separated into individual 8 oz. portions or
servings, each 8 oz. portion or serving including the following
amounts of ingredients:
29 Ingredient Amount Quinine 5 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 2.5 mg
Magnesium 3.7 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 15
Sports Drink Formulation
[0085] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
30 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 5 capsules (325 mg),
1625 mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs,
Philadelphia, PA 19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml
00472-1001-16, available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD
21244 Calcium chloride (injection), USP 10%, 10 ml NDC
0517-2710-25, available from American Regent Laboratories, Inc.,
Shirley, NY 11967 Magnesium oxide, 7 tablets (400 mg. ea), 2800 mg
NDC 68585-0006-12, available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Paramus, NJ Ora-plus (oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml
00574-0303-16, available from Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427
Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16,
available from Humco Labs, Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered
osmosis) 18 ml Sodium chloride (table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of
Concentrate 180 ml
[0086] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 5 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 7
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. 18 ml of filtered water was added, along with 15
ml Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously
for 2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 10
ml of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0087] 1 gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
31 Ingredient Amount Granulated sugar 8 oz (240 ml) Lemon juice
concentrate (liquid) 200 ml Lime juice concentrate (liquid) 30 ml
Sodium chloride (table salt) 3/4 tsp Water (filtered osmosis) to
make 1 gallon
[0088] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. The pH of the sports drink was 2.80. Thereafter, the
sports drink was separated into individual 8 oz. portions or
servings, each 8 oz. portion or serving including the following
amounts of ingredients:
32 Ingredient Amount Quinine 5 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 2.5 mg
Magnesium 4.3 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 16
Sports Drink Formulation
[0089] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
33 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 5 capsules (325 mg),
1625 mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs,
Philadelphia, PA 19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml
00472-1001-16, available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD
21244 Calcium chloride (injection), USP 10%, 10 ml NDC
0517-2710-25, available from American Regent Laboratories, Inc.,
Shirley, NY 11967 Magnesium oxide, 3 tablets (400 mg. ea), 1200 mg
NDC 68585-0006-12, available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Paramus, NJ Ora-plus (oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml
00574-0303-16, available from Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427
Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16,
available from Humco Labs, Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered
osmosis) 18 ml Sodium chloride (table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of
Concentrate 180 ml
[0090] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 5 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 3
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. 18 ml of filtered water was added, along with 15
ml Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously
for 2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 10
ml of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0091] 1 gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
34 Ingredient Amount Granulated sugar 8 oz (240 ml) Lemon juice
concentrate (liquid) 200 ml Lime juice concentrate (liquid) 30 ml
Sodium chloride (table salt) 3/4 tsp Water (filtered osmosis) to
make 1 gallon
[0092] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. The pH of the sports drink was 2.80. Thereafter, the
sports drink was separated into individual 8 oz. portions or
servings, each 8 oz. portion or serving including the following
amounts of ingredients:
35 Ingredient Amount Quinine 5 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 2.5 mg
Magnesium 1.85 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 17
Sports Drink Formulation
[0093] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
36 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 5 capsules (325 mg),
1625 mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs,
Philadelphia, PA 19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml
00472-1001-16, available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD
21244 Calcium chloride (injection), USP 10%, 10 ml NDC
0517-2710-25, available from American Regent Laboratories, Inc.,
Shirley, NY 11967 Magnesium oxide, 4 tablets (400 mg. ea), 1600 mg
NDC 68585-0006-12, available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Paramus, NJ Ora-plus (oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml
00574-0303-16, available from Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427
Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16,
available from Humco Labs, Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered
osmosis) 18 ml Sodium chloride (table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of
Concentrate 180 ml
[0094] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 5 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 4
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. 18 ml of filtered water was added, along with 15
ml Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously
for 2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 10
ml of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0095] 1 gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
[0096] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. Thereafter, the sports drink was separated into
individual 8 oz. portions or servings. {fraction (1/16)}.sup.th of
a teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate was added to each portion to bring
the pH of each portion of the sports drink to 3.92, each 8 oz.
portion or serving including the following amounts of
ingredients:
37 Ingredient Amount Quinine 2.5 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 2.5 mg
Magnesium 3 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 18
Sports Drink Formulation
[0097] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
38 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 5 capsules (325 mg),
1625 mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs,
Philadelphia, PA 19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml
00472-1001-16, available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD
21244 Calcium chloride (injection), USP 10%, 10 ml NDC
0517-2710-25, available from American Regent Laboratories, Inc.,
Shirley, NY 11967 Magnesium oxide, 4 tablets (400 mg. ea), 1600 mg
NDC 68585-0006-12, available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Paramus, NJ Ora-plus (oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml
00574-0303-16, available from Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427
Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16,
available from Humco Labs, Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered
osmosis) 18 ml Sodium chloride (table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of
Concentrate 180 ml
[0098] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 5 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 4
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. 18 ml of filtered water was added, along with 15
ml Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously
for 2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 10
ml of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0099] 1 gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
39 Ingredient Amount Granulated sugar 10 oz (240 ml) 2 packets of
punch flavored powder, 0.15 0.30 oz oz (4.25 g) ea., containing
citric acid (8.5 g) maltodextrin, artificial flavor, Red 40, and
ascorbic acid, Inter-American Products, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45202.
Sodium chloride (table salt) 3/4 tsp Water (filtered osmosis) to
make 1 gallon
[0100] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. Thereafter, the sports drink was separated into
individual 8 oz. portions or servings. 1/8.sup.th of a teaspoon of
sodium bicarbonate was added to each portion to bring the pH of
each portion of the sports drink to 5.2, each 8 oz. portion or
serving including the following amounts of ingredients:
40 Ingredient Amount Quinine 2.5 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 2.5 mg
Magnesium 3 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 19
Sports Drink Formulation
[0101] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
41 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 5 capsules (325 mg),
1625 mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs,
Philadelphia, PA 19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml
00472-1001-16, available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD
21244 Calcium chloride (injection), USP 10%, 10 ml NDC
0517-2710-25, available from American Regent Laboratories, Inc.,
Shirley, NY 11967 Magnesium oxide, 4 tablets (400 mg. ea), 1600 mg
NDC 68585-0006-12, available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Paramus, NJ Ora-plus (oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml
00574-0303-16, available from Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427
Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16,
available from Humco Labs, Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered
osmosis) 18 ml Sodium chloride (table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of
Concentrate 180 ml
[0102] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 5 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 4
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. 18 ml of filtered water was added, along with 15
ml Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously
for 2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 10
ml of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0103] 1 gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
42 Ingredient Amount Granulated sugar 10 oz (240 ml) 2 packets of
punch flavored powder, 0.15 0.30 oz oz (4.25 g) ea., containing
citric acid (8.5 g) maltodextrin, artificial flavor, Red 40, and
ascorbic acid, Inter-American Products, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45202.
Sodium chloride (table salt) 3/4 tsp Water (filtered osmosis) to
make 1 gallon
[0104] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. Thereafter, the sports drink was separated into
individual 8 oz. portions or servings. {fraction (3/16)}.sup.th of
a teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate was added to each portion to bring
the pH of each portion of the sports drink to 6.17 each 8 oz.
portion or serving including the following amounts of
ingredients:
43 Ingredient Amount Quinine 2.5 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 2.5 mg
Magnesium 3 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 20
Sports Drink Formulation
[0105] A sports drink concentrate was made, including the following
ingredients:
44 Ingredient Amount Quinine sulfate, from 5 capsules (325 mg),
1625 mg NDC 53489-0021-01, available from Mutual Labs,
Philadelphia, PA 19124 Potassium chloride, 20% (SF) liq., NDC 17 ml
00472-1001-16, available from Alphaderm USPD Inc., Baltimore, MD
21244 Calcium chloride (injection), USP 10%, 10 ml NDC
0517-2710-25, available from American Regent Laboratories, Inc.,
Shirley, NY 11967 Magnesium oxide, 4 tablets (400 mg. ea), 1600 mg
NDC 68585-0006-12, available from Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Paramus, NJ Ora-plus (oral suspending agent), NDC 15 ml
00574-0303-16, available from Paddock Co., Minneapolis, MN 55427
Cherry syrup (flavoring vehicle), NDC 120 ml 00395-2662-16,
available from Humco Labs, Texarkana, TX 75501 Water (filtered
osmosis) 18 ml Sodium chloride (table salt) 1/4 tsp Total Volume of
Concentrate 180 ml
[0106] The concentrate was prepared as follows. 5 capsules of
quinine sulfate were emptied into a 150 ml amber prescription
bottle and the gelatine caps of the capsules were discarded. 4
magnesium oxide tablets (400 mg) were crushed and combined with the
quinine sulfate. 18 ml of filtered water was added, along with 15
ml Ora-Plus suspending agent and the mixture was shaken vigorously
for 2 min. Then, 17 ml potassium chloride was added, along with 10
ml of calcium chloride and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
Then, 120 of cherry syrup and 1/4 tsp of sodium chloride was added
and the mixture was shaken well for 2 min.
[0107] 1 gallon of sports drink was prepared from 4.4 ml of the
concentrate by adding the following further ingredients to the
concentrate:
45 Ingredient Amount Granulated sugar 10 oz (240 ml) 2 packets of
punch flavored powder, 0.15 0.30 oz oz (4.25 g) ea., containing
citric acid (8.5 g) maltodextrin, artificial flavor, Red 40, and
ascorbic acid, Inter-American Products, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45202.
Sodium chloride (table salt) 3/4 tsp Water (filtered osmosis) to
make 1 gallon
[0108] The foregoing ingredients were added to the concentrate with
mixing, followed by addition of the water to make 1 gallon of
sports drink. Thereafter, the sports drink was separated into
individual 8 oz. portions or servings. 1/4.sup.th of a teaspoon of
sodium bicarbonate was added to each portion to bring the pH of
each portion of the sports drink to 7.07 each 8 oz. portion or
serving including the following amounts of ingredients:
46 Ingredient Amount Quinine 2.5 mg Potassium 5 mg Calcium 2.5 mg
Magnesium 3 mg Sodium 55 mg
EXAMPLE 21
Muscle Cramping Study #2
[0109] The present study focused on the effect of small doses of
quinine, magnesium, and calcium, delivered via a sports drink of
the present invention, on the number and severity of muscular
cramps experienced by athletes during high school football
games.
[0110] 55 male high school athletes (ages 16-18) participated in a
double blind study testing the effect of the sports drink of
EXAMPLE 7, which contained small doses of quinine, along with
magnesium, calcium, salts, sugar and flavoring, as described above.
Informed parental consent was obtained from all athletes under the
age of 18. The study was conducted in two consecutive weeks during
two consecutive football games. This two week test allowed each
athlete to consume both the test drink and a control drink within
the two week test.
[0111] The 55 athletes played on 5 different teams. Each athlete
was given 8 oz of either the test drink of EXAMPLE 7, or a control
drink without quinine or magnesium, 45 minutes prior to game time.
The athletes were not aware of which drink each athlete consumed.
Ambient temperature at game time for week one was 63.degree. F. and
was 59.degree. F. for week two. Each athlete was interviewed within
15 minutes after the game and asked questions about number and
severity of cramps experienced during the game. 5 athletes had
consumed ibuprofen prior to the game and 3 were taking allergy
medications. Athletes were allowed to consume water as they
normally would during the game during both trial periods. The
average time played by each player was over 3 quarters, with most
athletes playing both offense and defense.
[0112] A total of 4 cramps were experienced by 3 athletes who had
consumed the test drink. The severity of cramping ranged from 2-6
on a 0-10 scale. Cramps were treated at the time of onset with
rest, stretching and consumption of water. A total of 14 cramps
were experienced by 9 athletes who had consumed the control drink.
The severity of cramping ranged from 1-6 on a 0-10 scale. Cramps
were treated as described above.
[0113] Thus, a decrease in the number of total cramps was observed
when the athletes consumed the test drink with quinine and
magnesium when compared to the control drink with only salt, sugar
and water.
EXAMPLE 21
Muscle Cramping Study #3
[0114] The present study focused on the effect of small doses of
quinine, magnesium, and calcium, delivered via a sports drink of
the present invention, on the number and severity of muscular
cramps experienced by athletes while playing lacrosse.
[0115] Lacrosse is a game which involves considerable running, and
cramping is frequently a problem, particularly when the weather is
warmer and/or when the game is played in relatively high grass.
[0116] 11 lacrosse midfielder and offensive players were allowed to
drink 8 oz of a control drink, which approximated Gatorade.RTM.
sports drink and included sodium, potassium, and sucrose, prior to
the game. (Gatorade.RTM. is a registered trademark of Stokely-Van
Camp, Inc. of Chicago, Ill.). During the game, the players were
encouraged to drink the control drink to manage their dehydration.
The average consumption was 17 oz. The 11 players consumed the
control drink for two games, and experienced a total of 8 cramps
with an average severity of 7 on a 1-10 scale. The ambient
temperature for these two games was 55.degree. F. and 59.degree.
F.
[0117] 11 players, 10 of whom were the same players as in the
foregoing control group, were allowed to consume the sports drink
of EXAMPLE 7, which included quinine, magnesium, calcium, salts,
sugar and flavoring, as described above, in two separate games two
weeks later. The athletes each consumed 8 oz of the sports drink
prior to each of the games. These 11 players suffered a total only
2 cramps with an average severity of 3 on a 1-10 scale. The ambient
temperature for these two games was 61.degree. F. and 63.degree.
F.
[0118] While this was a small study, it gave indications that small
amounts of quinine coupled with magnesium and calcium seemed to
decrease muscle cramping in athletes who are potentially prone to
muscle cramping.
[0119] While this invention has been described as having a
preferred design, the present invention can be further modified
within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is
therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of
the invention using its general principles. Further, this
application is intended to cover such departures from the present
disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to
which this invention pertains and which fall within the limits of
the appended claims.
* * * * *