U.S. patent application number 10/516620 was filed with the patent office on 2005-11-17 for outsole.
Invention is credited to Braunschweiler, H G.
Application Number | 20050252038 10/516620 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 29737453 |
Filed Date | 2005-11-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050252038 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Braunschweiler, H G |
November 17, 2005 |
Outsole
Abstract
An outsole (1, 3), in particular, for athletic shoes (2) can be
realized with a significant elastic deformability in the tangential
direction so as to also achieve a superior shock-absorption when
the foot contacts the ground obliquely and with a slight propulsive
force. According to the invention, the sole (1) essentially is only
rigid to a tangential deformation beyond at least one critical
point of deformation in the region that is deformed to this
critical point. This results in a correspondingly increased
stability for the runner in the respective point of contact or load
application. The runner is also able to push off from the point of
load application without any loss in distance. A floating effect on
the sole is prevented. The sole can be affixed, as a whole or in a
plurality of parts, also detachably to an intermediate sole (4) of
the shoe (2).
Inventors: |
Braunschweiler, H G;
(Ruschlikon, CH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MORGAN LEWIS & BOCKIUS LLP
1111 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE NW
WASHINGTON
DC
20004
US
|
Family ID: |
29737453 |
Appl. No.: |
10/516620 |
Filed: |
May 13, 2005 |
PCT Filed: |
June 5, 2003 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/CH03/00356 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
36/28 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43B 3/246 20130101;
A43B 3/24 20130101; A43B 13/206 20130101; A43B 13/203 20130101;
A43B 13/36 20130101; A63B 25/10 20130101; A43B 13/184 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
036/028 |
International
Class: |
A43B 013/18 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jun 6, 2002 |
CH |
964/02 |
Mar 10, 2003 |
CH |
369/03 |
Claims
1. An outsole, in particular, for athletic shoes which can also be
elastically deformed in the tangential direction, characterized by
the fact that it essentially is only rigid to a tangential
deformation beyond at least one critical point of deformation in
the region that is deformed to this critical point.
2. The outsole according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that
the critical point of deformation is only reached after a
tangential and/or vertical deformation that is greater than 20% of
its deformable thickness, in particular, greater than 50% of this
thickness.
3. The outsole according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that
it comprises two layers that are separated by at least one, in
particular, elastically deformable element, wherein said element
makes it possible for the two layers to produce a frictional,
non-positive and/or positive engagement with one another once a
sufficient deformation is reached.
4. The outsole according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that
it is provided with at least one elastically deformable hollow
element that contains one or more hollow spaces.
5. The outsole according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that
the hollow element comprises a deformable tubular section.
6. The outsole according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that
several hollow elements are arranged behind one another in the
longitudinal direction of the outsole.
7. The outsole according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that
the hollow element contains two outer layers that are connected to
one another by deformable webs such that several hollow spaces are
formed.
8. The outsole according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that
the hollow element contains at least one chamber that is filled
with a fluid.
9. The outsole according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that
the hollow element contains at least one air-filled chamber that
can be elastically deformed by compressing the air contained
therein.
10. The outsole according to claim 9, characterized by the fact
that the air filled into the chamber is subjected to a higher
pressure than the atmospheric pressure.
11. The outsole according to claim 1, characterized in that this is
provided with means for detachable fixing to an intermediate sole
of a shoe, as a whole or, when constructed as multi-part, with
reference to at least one of its parts.
12. The outsole according to claim 11, characterized in that this
is constructed as multi-part and that the individual parts can be
detachably attached as desired at different points and/or in
different designs to the intermediate sole.
13. The outsole according to claim 11, characterized in that it is
constructed as multi-part and that at least two of its parts have a
different shaping and/or elasticity.
14. The outsole according to claim 11, characterized in that the
means for detachable fixing comprise a part of a hook and loop
fastener and that the intermediate sole is provided with the
complementary part of this hook and loop fastener.
15. The outsole according to claim 14, characterized in that the
means comprise a part of the hook and loop fastener provided with
hooks.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention pertains to an outsole, in particular,
for athletic shoes which can also be elastically deformed in the
tangential direction.
[0002] In this context, the term deformation in the tangential
direction refers to a deformation in the direction tangential or
parallel to the plane of the outsole or its outer surface which,
for example, is caused by shearing. Such a deformation differs from
a deformation in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the
outsole or its outer surface which, for example, is caused by
compression. On a horizontal surface, the tangential direction
approximately coincides with the horizontal direction, and the
perpendicular direction approximately coincides with the vertical
direction.
STATE OF THE ART
[0003] Outsoles with elastically resilient outsoles are known in
numerous variations, wherein different elastic materials of various
hardnesses are used. There also exist outsoles with embedded air or
gel cushions. These cushions are intended to elastically absorb the
shocks that occur while running and to thusly protect, in
particular, the joints of the runner while simultaneously providing
a comfortable running experience.
[0004] Most athletic shoes currently available on the market have
spring characteristics that primary provide a spring effect in the
vertical direction or in the direction perpendicular to the running
surface, namely in the form of a compression of the sole. However,
these outsoles are relatively rigid in the horizontal or tangential
direction and do not yield sufficiently if the runner's foot
contacts the ground obliquely and with a slight propulsive force.
This rigidity in the horizontal or tangential direction is required
because a more significant deformability of the sole in the
horizontal direction would inevitably result in a floating effect.
This would negatively influence the stability of the runner. In
addition, the runner would lose at least a certain distance with
each step because the sole would initially have to slightly deform
in the respectively opposite direction when the runner pushes off
in the running direction. Naturally, this floating effect can
already be observed in known athletic shoes to a certain
degree.
EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present invention is based on the objective of
disclosing an outsole with a simple design which makes it possible
to eliminate the above-described floating effect and can also be
realized sufficiently soft and resilient in the tangential
direction.
[0006] This objective is attained with an outsole that can also be
deformed in the tangential direction and is characterized by the
fact that it essentially is only rigid to a tangential deformation
beyond at least one critical point of deformation in the region
that is deformed to this critical point.
[0007] If the at least one critical point of deformation and the
load exerted upon the outsole required to reach this critical point
of deformation are suitably chosen by adjusting the hardness or
resilience of the outsole accordingly, the sole according to the
invention can be realized such that it is also soft and resilient
tangentially over a broad range of deformation, and that the
critical point of deformation is only reached to a locally limited
degree while running, namely in the zone of the sole that is
subjected to the maximum load, and only around the time at which
this maximum load occurs.
[0008] This not only results in a sufficient shock absorption if
the runner's foot contacts the ground obliquely and/or with a
slight propulsive force, but also in a superior stability at the
respective point of impact or load application, from which the
runner is able to directly push off again without any loss in
distance. The previously described floating effect is prevented in
this fashion.
[0009] It goes without saying that the critical point of
deformation, at which the tangential deformability of the sole
according to the invention is terminated, depends on the type of
deformation. The deformation does not necessarily have to occur
exclusively in the tangential direction. A critical deformation can
also be reached during a purely perpendicular or vertical
deformation.
[0010] According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the
critical point of deformation is only reached after a tangential
and/or perpendicular deformation path that is greater than 20% of
the deformable thickness of the sole, if applicable, even greater
than 50% of this thickness. The absolute deformation value may
easily reach a few cm.
[0011] With respect to constructive considerations and the
materials used, the outsole according to the invention may, in
principle, be realized in different ways. Various embodiments are
described below with reference to the figures. The following
description only pertains to those embodiments in which, for
example, two layers of the sole are separated, in particular, by an
elastically deformable element, and in which the deformable element
has a sufficient deformability and makes it possible to achieve a
frictional, non-positive and/or positive engagement between the two
layers, namely while essentially preventing the two layers from
being displaced parallel to one another.
[0012] In a further development of the invention, the sole can be
provided with means for detachable fixing to an intermediate sole
of a shoe. If the sole is executed as multi-part in this case, the
individual parts can be attached independently of one another
and/or, e.g. in the event of wear, can be individually exchanged.
In this situation, differently constructed parts could also be made
available and/or individual designs could be produced which are
especially adapted to the respective needs and the running style of
the individual runner.
BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES
[0013] The invention is described in greater detail below with
reference to embodiments that are illustrated in the figures. The
figures show:
[0014] FIG. 1, a side view of an athletic shoe with an outsole
according to a first embodiment of the invention, namely a) while
not being subjected to a load, b) while being subjected to a
transversely forward load and c) while pushing off;
[0015] FIG. 2, a rear view of the athletic shoe shown in FIG. 1,
namely a) while not being subjected to a load and b) while being
subjected to a laterally oblique load;
[0016] FIG. 3, detailed representations of the hollow elements of
the outsole shown in FIG. 1, namely a) while not being subjected to
a load, b) while being subjected to a transversely forward load and
c) while being subjected to a vertical load;
[0017] FIG. 4, a side view of another embodiment of an outsole
according to the invention which comprises tubular hollow elements
between the two layers, namely a) while not being subjected to a
load and b) while being subjected to a transversely forward
load;
[0018] FIG. 5, a side view of an embodiment of an outsole according
to the invention which is divided into a ball section and a heel
section and comprises two layers that are connected to one another
by means of deformable webs, namely a) while not being subjected to
a load and b) while being subjected to a transversely forward
load;
[0019] FIG. 6, an outsole according to the invention with an
enclosed volume that is filled with a medium,
[0020] FIG. 7, a partially sectioned representation of a further
outsole according to the invention which is provided with a
toothing;
[0021] FIG. 8, the sports shoe from FIG. 1, wherein according to a
further development of the invention, parts of the outsole are or
can be detachably affixed to an intermediate sole;
[0022] FIG. 9, the sports shoe from FIG. 8 viewed from behind under
a) and b) with various numbers of detachably attached sole portions
adjacent to one another;
[0023] FIG. 10, a hollow element for an outsole according to the
invention somewhat modified compared with the hollow elements from
FIG. 3;
[0024] FIG. 11, a further embodiment of an individual sole element
for an outsole according to the invention.
EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[0025] One embodiment of the invention is initially described below
with reference to FIG. 1. Although this embodiment does not
necessarily represent the most preferred embodiment of the
invention, it suffices for explaining the essential characteristics
of the invention.
[0026] FIG. 1 shows a running shoe 2 that is equipped with an
outsole 1 according to the invention. The outsole 1 is formed by a
plurality of profile-like hollow elements 3 that contain tubular
parts 3.1 and are fixed to the underside of an intermediate sole 4
of the running shoe 1 with webs 3.2 that are integrally formed
thereon, e.g., by means of bonding. The hollow elements 3 are, for
example, manufactured from a rubber material that is able to at
least partially deform in an elastic fashion under the loads that
occur while running. The material preferably has a high static
friction with respect to other materials, but also with respect to
itself. Several hollow elements 3 are arranged behind one another
in the longitudinal direction of the running shoe 2, wherein a gap
remains in the region between the ball and the heel. The hollow
elements 3 may respectively extend over the entire width of the
running shoe 2. However, it would also be conceivable to arrange
two or more hollow elements 3 laterally adjacent to one another as
shown in FIG. 2.
[0027] For example, if the running shoe 2 is subjected to a
transversely forward load when it contacts the ground as
illustrated by the arrow P1 in FIG. 1 b), the tubular parts 3.1
are, if their dimensions are chosen accordingly, completely
compressed after an initial elastic absorption of the load in the
form of a vertical and horizontal deformation. This leads to a
frictional engagement between their upper shell 3.1.1 and their
lower shell 3.1.2 (see FIG. 3). This frictional engagement
generates such a high resistance to an additional deformation of
the tubular parts 3.1 that they practically can only be
additionally deformed by the remaining elasticity of the material,
i.e., to a negligible degree. In this position and in this state of
the outsole 1, the runner is in contact with the ground 5 in such a
way that a horizontal shift practically can no longer take place.
This means that the runner has a superior stability.
[0028] In addition, the runner is able to push off from the
position shown in FIG. 2 for the next step as illustrated in FIG. 1
c) without any loss in distance, namely because the previously
described frictional engagement between the tubular parts 3.1
practically makes it impossible for these parts to horizontally
deform to a noteworthy degree in the direction of the load that
occurs while pushing off and is indicated by the arrow P2.
Naturally, one prerequisite for this is that the load exerted upon
the deformed region of the sole is maintained between the time at
which the foot contacts the ground and the time at which the runner
pushes off again. However, this is usually the case when running
normally.
[0029] FIG. 2 shows the running shoe 2 according to FIG. 1 in the
form of a rear view, namely while a) not being subjected to a load
and b) while being subjected to a laterally oblique load. In this
case, a compression of the tubular parts 3.1 of the hollow elements
3 can also take place such that a frictional engagement between
their upper shells 3.1.1 and their lower shells 3.1.2 is produced.
This means that the runner wearing the running shoe 2 is in contact
with the ground 5 in such a way that a practically unyielding
lateral stability is achieved.
[0030] The previously described embodiment is characterized by
extremely long deformation paths. Between the state shown in FIG. 1
a) in which no load is exerted upon the outsole and the state shown
in FIG. 1 b) in which the frictional engagement occurs, these
deformation paths may easily amount to more than 20%, if
applicable, even more than 50%. The shoe shown in FIGS. 1 and 2
causes the runner to "float on clouds," but the runner never has an
unstable sensation and is always directly and solidly in contact
with the ground.
[0031] FIG. 3 shows a detailed representation of the hollow
elements 3 according to FIG. 1, namely while a) not being subjected
to a load and b) while being subjected to a tangential load. A
deformation under a vertically downward acting load is shown in
part c) of this figure. This part elucidates how the previously
described advantages with respect to the stability of the runner
and the ability of the runner to push off without any loss in
distance are also achieved under a purely vertical load.
[0032] The outsole 6 shown in FIG. 4 also comprises tubular hollow
elements 6.1 that, for example, consist of a rubber material.
However, the hollow elements are arranged between an upper layer
6.2 and a lower layer 6.3 in this case and rigidly connected to the
respective layers. The two layers 6.2 and 6.3 extend over the
entire surface of the outsole. The upper layer 6.2 may, in
principle, be formed by a layer that is provided anyhow or by an
intermediate layer of the shoe. The lower layer 6.3 could also be
provided with a profile. The function of the outsole 6 that is
shown in FIG. 4 while a) not being subjected to a load basically is
identical to that of the outsole 1 described above with reference
to FIG. 2. When the tubular hollow elements 6.1 are compressed, a
frictional engagement between their upper shell and their lower
shell is, in particular, also produced in this case as shown in
part b) of FIG. 4. The deformation of the hollow elements 6.1 under
a load is, however, distributed over a larger area due to the
thrust effect exerted by the lower layer 6.3.
[0033] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, two separate parts 7.1
and 7.2 are respectively provided for the ball region and the heel
region of the outsole 7. It would, in principle, also be
conceivable to realize such a separate design in the other
discussed embodiments. In addition, simple webs 7.1.3 and 7.2.3
that can be elastically deformed are arranged between the
respective upper layers 7.1.2 and 7.2.1 and the respective lower
layers 7.2.1 and 7.2.2. Under a load, these webs lie flatly between
the two outer layers as, for example, illustrated in part b) of
FIG. 5. If a material with a high coefficient of friction is used
for the outer layers and the webs, a frictional engagement similar
to that described above is produced in the situation shown in FIG.
5 b). This means that the upper and the lower layers take over part
of the function of the above-described upper and lower shells of
the tubular parts shown in FIG. 1. The function of the webs, in
contrast, is approximately identical to that of the flanks of the
tubular parts. Two such flanks that are arranged opposite of one
another are identified by the reference symbols 3.1.3 and 3.1.4 in
FIG. 3.
[0034] In the outsole 8 shown in FIG. 6, no elastic elements are
provided between an upper layer 8.1 and a lower layer 8.2. The
upper and the lower layer are connected by peripheral side elements
8.3 such that a closed volume 8.4 is formed. This closed volume is
filled with a fluid, in particular, a gas such as air or, for
example, a gel. In this case, it is important that the outsole can
be deformed under the loads that occur while running to such a
degree that, as shown in part b), the upper layer 8.1 and the lower
layer 8.2 can contact one another in the region subjected to the
load. A frictional engagement with the above-described properties
is also produced in this case if a material with a high coefficient
of friction is chosen for both layers.
[0035] If an incompressible gel is used as the medium for filling
the volume 8.4, the entire volume or parts thereof need to be
elastically expandable in order to achieve the desired effect. If
the volume 8.4 is filled with a gas, it would be possible to
provide an additional valve 8.5, e.g., in the heel region. The
elastic properties and the resilience of the outsole could then be
changed by varying the gas pressure in order to adapt the outsole
to, for example, the weight or the running characteristics of a
specific runner.
[0036] Instead of producing a frictional engagement as in the
previously described embodiments, it would be possible to
alternatively or additionally produce a positive engagement as
shown in the partially illustrated outsole 9 according to FIG. 7.
In this case, a toothing is, for example, arranged between an upper
layer 9.1 and a lower layer 9.2.
[0037] According to a further development of the invention, the
sole can be provided with means which allow it to be detachably
affixed to an intermediate sole of the shoe. The sole can in this
case be detachably affixed as a whole, in parts or also merely with
reference to individual parts. FIG. 8 shows a running shoe 2 in
which the entire sole 1, but in individual parts, is detachably
affixed to an intermediate sole 4 of the running shoe 2. In this
case, as in the example from FIG. 1, the sole 1 is formed by a
plurality of profile-shaped hollow elements 3 which have tubular
sections 3.1 and are detachably affixed to the underside of the
intermediate sole 4 with moulded-on webs 3.2 or are only provided
for detachable affixing to the underside of the intermediate sole 4
with reference to the hollow elements arranged in the ball area. As
can be clearly seen from the enlarged section A in FIG. 8, a
so-called hook and loop fastener 10 which can be made many times
and can be detached again, is used as the fixing means, wherein the
webs 3.2 of the hollow elements 3 are provided with the layer 10.1
of the hook and loop fastener which is constructed as hook-shaped.
Accordingly, the intermediate sole 4 is provided with the
complementary layer 10.2 of the hook and loop fastener 10, i.e.,
constructed as loop-shaped, preferably over the entire area. The
two layers of the hook and loop fastener can each be fixedly glued
to the hollow elements on the one hand and to the intermediate sole
on the other hand.
[0038] The detachable fixing has the advantage that if necessary,
the sole according to the invention can only be attached to the
intermediate sole as required, e.g. directly before and for a
training run and the shoe can otherwise also be used without this
sole. This particularly makes sense when the sole according to the
invention is provided to achieve long spring deflections, e.g. with
relatively voluminous hollow elements. In order to protect the
intermediate sole and the loop layer of the hook and loop fastener
preferably attached thereto, in this case an alternatively
attachable protective layer could also be provided per hook and
loop fastener, which however is not shown here.
[0039] The detachable fixing on the other hand has the advantage
that a worn sole can be replaced with a new one. In the case of a
multi-part construction of the sole as in the example from FIG. 8
individual parts could also be exchanged whereby, for example,
non-uniform wear of the sole caused by the individual running style
of each runner could also be taken into account. In this case,
however, each runner could make up his own sole with optimum
shock-absorbing properties for him, for example, by a special
arrangement of the individual parts. As an example of this, FIG. 9
shows the running shoe from FIG. 8 in two views from behind wherein
under a) and b) respectively two and three rows of hollow elements
3 are arranged adjacent to one another in the heel area. For an
individual shaping of the sole according to the invention, however,
differently constructed parts with different properties could be
made available by the manufacturer. As an example of this, FIG. 8
shows a hollow element 3' arranged in the main loading area of the
sole, which is provided with a greater wall thickness and as a
result, for example, is somewhat more rigid with respect to
deformation than the remaining hollow elements.
[0040] FIG. 10 also shows a hollow element 3" somewhat modified
compared with the hollow elements from FIG. 3 for an outsole
according to the invention, wherein this hollow element 3" is
provided with a flat base surface. In addition, the wall thickness
of the element is not constructed as the same throughout. It has
been shown that with the form shown, an even better feeling of
standing and an improved push-off from the point of contact can be
achieved.
[0041] Finally, FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of a further
embodiment of an individual sole element 11 for an outsole
according to the invention which has a vertically oriented tubular
section instead of a horizontal one.
[0042] With respect to the previously described embodiments, it
should be noted that individual elements or characteristics thereof
may, if applicable, also be utilized in combination with other
embodiments. This applies, for example, to the division of the
outsole into a ball section and a heel section, as well as to the
arrangement of a profile. Frictional engagement means and positive
engagement means may be utilized individually or in combination.
The embodiments shown in FIG. 4 or 5 could be combined with the
embodiment shown in FIG. 6, wherein an elastic and/or
shock-absorbing medium or fluid would be introduced into
corresponding hollow spaces in the embodiments according to FIG. 4
or 5. Vice versa, mechanical spring elements or shock-absorption
elements could be additionally provided in FIG. 6. In the further
development of the invention in which the sole according to the
invention can be detachably affixed as a whole or at least parts
thereof, to an intermediate sole, instead of a hook and loop
fastener with a hook-shaped layer and a loop-shaped or felt-like
layer, a hook and loop fastener with two hook-shaped layers adapted
to one another can also be used wherein such a hook and loop
fastener has a higher adhesive force. The detachable connection
could alternatively or additionally also be made using a special,
re-detachable adhesive.
LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS
[0043] 1 Outsole
[0044] 2 Running shoe
[0045] 3,3',3" Hollow elements
[0046] 3.1 Tubular parts of the hollow elements 3
[0047] 3.2 Webs of the hollow elements 3
[0048] 3.1.1 Upper shell of the tubular parts 3.1
[0049] 3.1.2 Lower shell of the tubular parts 3.1
[0050] 3.1.3, 4.1.4 Flanks of the tubular parts 3.1
[0051] 4 Intermediate sole
[0052] 5 Ground
[0053] 6 Outsole
[0054] 6.1 Tubular hollow elements of the outsole 6
[0055] 6.2 Upper layer of the outsole 6
[0056] 6.3 Lower layer of the outsole 6
[0057] 7 Outsole
[0058] 7.1 Ball section of the outsole 7
[0059] 7.2 Heel section of the outsole 7
[0060] 7.1.1, 7.2.1 Upper layer of the outsole sections 7.1 and
[0061] 7.2
[0062] 7.2.1, 7.2.2 Lower layer of the outsole sections 7.1 and
[0063] 7.2
[0064] 7.1.3, 7.2.3 Deformable webs
[0065] 8 Outsole
[0066] 8.1 Upper layer of the outsole 8
[0067] 8.2 Lower layer of the outsole 8
[0068] 8.3 Peripheral side parts of the outsole 8
[0069] 8.4 Volume of the outsole 8
[0070] 8.5 Valve on the outsole 8
[0071] 9 Outsole
[0072] 9.1 Upper layer of the outsole 9
[0073] 9.2 Lower layer of the outsole 9
[0074] 10 Hook and loop fastener
[0075] 10.1 Hook-shaped layer of the hook and loop fastener 10
[0076] 10.2 Loop-shaped layer of the hook and loop fastener 10
[0077] 11 Sole element with vertical tube
[0078] P1 Arrow indicating the load when contacting the ground
[0079] P2 Arrow indicating the load when pushing off
* * * * *