U.S. patent application number 11/147234 was filed with the patent office on 2005-10-27 for user-centric event reporting with follow-up information.
This patent application is currently assigned to User-Centric Enterprises, Inc.. Invention is credited to O'Neil, Perry Jay, Smith, Michael R..
Application Number | 20050240378 11/147234 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46303630 |
Filed Date | 2005-10-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050240378 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Smith, Michael R. ; et
al. |
October 27, 2005 |
User-centric event reporting with follow-up information
Abstract
The invention provides a system and method for receiving hazard
and event information in a mobile unit and using that information
to warn a user of an event or future hazard with reference to the
mobile unit's location and/or intended direction of travel. A
hazard location algorithm compares a forecast location of each
mobile unit with a forecast hazard and transmits a warning to each
mobile unit that is predicted to encounter the hazard. As the
mobile unit moves, its actual position is updated in an event
center, and a revised warning is transmitted to the mobile unit as
applicable. Warnings include audio warnings for playback and/or
visual warnings for display on the mobile device. Users may also
wirelessly report events or hazards to a central server in an event
center by sending data to the event center via a wireless
communications network. Secondary information may be included,
based on the selected event type.
Inventors: |
Smith, Michael R.; (Wichita,
KS) ; O'Neil, Perry Jay; (Golden, CO) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BANNER & WITCOFF
1001 G STREET N W
SUITE 1100
WASHINGTON
DC
20001
US
|
Assignee: |
User-Centric Enterprises,
Inc.
Wichita
KS
|
Family ID: |
46303630 |
Appl. No.: |
11/147234 |
Filed: |
June 8, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11147234 |
Jun 8, 2005 |
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11024979 |
Dec 30, 2004 |
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11024979 |
Dec 30, 2004 |
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10969915 |
Oct 22, 2004 |
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10969915 |
Oct 22, 2004 |
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10386437 |
Mar 13, 2003 |
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6845324 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
702/188 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04W 4/02 20130101; H04W
4/029 20180201; G08G 1/096844 20130101; H04W 4/024 20180201; G08G
1/096811 20130101; G08G 1/0962 20130101; G08G 1/20 20130101; G08B
27/006 20130101; G08B 21/10 20130101; H04W 64/00 20130101; Y10S
128/903 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
702/188 |
International
Class: |
G06F 015/00 |
Claims
We claim:
1. A method for providing information regarding an observed event,
comprising: (a) receiving an event type as user input into a mobile
data processing device, said event type selected from a constrained
set of event types displayed on the mobile data processing device,
and wherein the event type identifies a medical condition or injury
affecting a person; (b) determining an event location in proximity
to the mobile data processing device; (c) wirelessly sending from
the mobile data processing device to an event center, the event
type and the determined event location; (d) receiving at the mobile
data processing device, an input value for a type of secondary
information associated with the selected event type; and (e)
wirelessly sending from the mobile data processing device to the
event center, the input value for the secondary information.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (d) the input value of
the associated type of secondary information comprises a digital
photograph.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein step (b) comprises determining
the event location based on a GPS-determined location of the mobile
data processing device.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a
confirmation message from the event center in response to receipt
of the information sent in step (c).
5. The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) comprises determining
the type of secondary information associated with the event type by
looking up the selected event type in a database stored in a memory
of the mobile data processing device.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) comprises determining
the type of secondary information associated with the event type by
receiving the type of secondary information from the event
center.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) comprises navigating a
hierarchy of categories and subcategories and selecting the event
type in a last selected subcategory.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the hierarchy of categories
comprises a medical category.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) comprises receiving an
input value for each of a plurality of types of secondary
information, and wherein step (f) comprises sending the input value
for each of the plurality of types of secondary information.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) comprises receiving
input from a camera.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein steps (c) and (e) occur in a
single transmission.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (d) the input value of
the associated type of secondary information comprises a blood
pressure.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (d) the input value of
the associated type of secondary information comprises EKG
information.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (d) the input value of
the associated type of secondary information comprises blood gas
information.
15. A computer readable medium storing computer executable
instructions for performing the method of claim 1.
16. A method for providing information regarding an observed event,
comprising: (a) receiving from a mobile data processing device,
computer readable data comprising information corresponding to an
event visually observed by a user of the mobile data processing
device, wherein said computer readable data includes an event type
and an event location based on a location of the mobile data
processing device, and wherein the event type identifies a medical
condition or injury affecting a person; (b) sending via a data
connection to the mobile data processing device a confirmation
message in response to receiving the computer readable data in step
(a); and (c) receiving from the mobile data processing device,
computer readable data comprising secondary information
corresponding to the event type.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein said data indicating the event
type indicates a medical condition affecting a person in proximity
with the mobile data processing device.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein in step (a) the received event
location corresponds to a location within an entertainment
venue.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein in step (a) the received event
location corresponds to a section within the entertainment
venue.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein in step (a) the received event
location corresponds to a row within the section.
21. A computer readable medium storing computer executable
instructions for performing the method of claim 16.
22. A handheld data processing device, comprising: a transceiver
for sending and receiving data to and from a wireless data
communication network; a display screen; a processor for executing
computer readable instructions stored in a memory of the handheld
data processing device; said memory storing the computer executable
instructions, said computer executable instructions, when executed
by the processor, cause the device to perform an event reporting
method comprising steps of: (a) determining a present location of
the handheld data processing device; (b) displaying on the display
screen a geographic map oriented around the present location of the
handheld data processing device; (c) displaying a list of a
plurality of event categories; (d) receiving user input selecting
one of the plurality of categories; (e) displaying a list of a
plurality of event types corresponding to the selected category;
(f) receiving user input selecting a first event type in the
selected category, wherein the first event type identifies a
medical condition or injury affecting a person; (g) determining a
location corresponding to the first event type based on the present
location of the handheld data processing device; (h) sending via
the transceiver data corresponding to the first event type and
determined location; (i) determining a type of secondary
information corresponding to the first event type; (j) receiving an
input value for the type of secondary information; and (k) sending
via the transceiver the input value for the type of secondary
information.
23. The handheld device of claim 22, wherein the display screen
comprises a touch-sensitive display screen, and step (f) comprises
detecting a point on the map touched by a user.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED CASES
[0001] The present application is a continuation of co-pending
application Ser. No. 11/024,979, titled User-Centric Event
Reporting, and filed Dec. 30, 2004, which is a continuation-in-part
of application Ser. No. 10/969,915, filed Oct. 22, 2004, entitled
User-Centric Event Reporting, which is a continuation of
application Ser. No. 10/386,437, filed Mar. 13, 2003, entitled
Rotating Map And User-Centric Weather Prediction.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to hazard and event
warning systems. More particularly, the invention provides a method
and apparatus for receiving event and/or hazard information by a
portable electronic device and using that information to warn a
device operator of a future event or hazard with respect to the
specific device's location, and also provide the device operator
with the ability to report event or hazard information to a server
for further distribution.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Vehicle operators, such as automobile drivers, frequently
tune to radio stations while traveling in order to obtain weather
forecast information. Such forecasts generally cover a large
geographic area, such as an entire county or a multi-county region,
and can provide some indication to the vehicle operator of likely
weather trouble, such as a flash flood or tornado. Because they
cover such large areas, however, generalized weather forecasts may
cause wasteful evasive action by drivers not realistically at risk.
For example, if the National Weather Service issues a flash flood
warning for an entire county, all drivers in the county may need to
heed the warning, even if the flood areas make up only a small part
of the county.
[0004] Similarly, if a sudden snowstorm approaches from the west, a
large number of drivers may take evasive action based on a general
weather forecast for cities in the path of the approaching storm.
Depending on where the drivers are relative to the weather hazard,
some drivers may feel the effects of the storm shortly after the
warning, while others may not be in the path of the storm for 10,
20, or even 30 minutes. Providing drivers with more accurate and
vehicle-specific weather forecasts could result in substantial time
and energy savings. For example, if a driver is heading West and is
projected to arrive at his destination within 20 minutes, it would
be helpful to know that the storm will not arrive at the intended
destination for another 30 minutes. Such a system would be
particularly useful for fleets of commercial trucks or buses, for
example, particularly since such vehicles may be more susceptible
to causing injury or property damage during severe weather events
(e.g., snow, ice storms, and the like).
[0005] Various position-sensitive automated vehicle systems have
been proposed. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,991,687 ("System and
Method for Communicating Information Related to a Geographic Area")
describes a system for displaying the location of a vehicle to the
vehicle operator, along with other information such as a weather
map. However, the system cannot provide the sort of information
that would permit a vehicle operator to determine whether he or she
was likely to encounter a weather hazard and for how long such a
hazard might last.
[0006] Another system, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,009,374
("Apparatus for and Method of Controlling Vehicular Systems While
Traveling"), assists a vehicle operator by automatically
controlling the vehicle in response to various detected conditions
and an intended travel position. One variation of the system
extracts current weather information and uses the information to
sound an alarm. The system, however, does not provide predicted
weather information to the vehicle operator; it does not provide
hazard duration information; and it does not provide weather
information tailored to the particular vehicle. Consequently, the
system does not solve the aforementioned problems.
[0007] Yet another system, described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,018,699
("Systems and Methods for Distributing Real-Time Site Specific
Weather Information"), reports weather forecasts through the use of
storm profiles that are transmitted to remote units at dispersed
geographic sites. The remote units are stationary, and storm
profiles are transmitted to remote units based on their geographic
location. The system has no application for use with moving
vehicles, as it cannot receive information concerning the mobile
location of such vehicles.
[0008] In addition to the above, because we live in an increasingly
mobile society, individuals are more likely to get lost or
disoriented in unfamiliar territory and have their safety
threatened by severe weather conditions. Specifically, weather is a
factor in a high percentage of transportation accidents, including
commercial aviation (26.8%), general aviation (20%), boating (11.2%
of accidents; 14.8% of accidents involving fatalities), automobiles
(16.3%), and recreational vehicles (10%). While some of these
accidents were due to operator error, others are due to the driver,
pilot or operator of the vehicle traveling into an area of
hazardous weather beyond his or her skill level or the capability
of his or her vehicle to handle the inclement weather. Current
terrestrial navigation and weather systems suffer from several
deficiencies: 1) receipt of a warning depends on a user being tuned
to a radio station in the affected area that actually broadcasts
storm warnings (in addition, many radio stations no longer
broadcast warnings outside of the immediate area in which they are
located); 2) warnings, e.g., NWR tone alerts, are only broadcast
once--if the user misses the warning, the user will not be notified
of the impending inclement conditions; and 3) if the user is not
tuned to the correct radio station at the time of the warning, the
user will miss the warning.
[0009] Assuming that the user actually hears the warning, the
National Weather Service issues storm warnings by county. Thus, in
order for the warning to be meaningful to the user, he or she would
necessarily need to be familiar with the county layout of the area.
However, when traveling, few people know which county they are
currently in or which county they are approaching, other than when
in or around their own home county. In addition, when the National
Weather Service indicates that a storm is "near Jonesburg, moving
northeast at 40 mph," it assumes a user knows the location of
Jonesburg, the spatial relationship between Jonesburg and the
user's location (which may be changing if the user is in motion)
and is able to integrate the motion of the storm with the motion of
the user to know if the user is actually threatened. However, most
people are not cognizant of this information.
[0010] Previously, the meteorological science and the positioning
and communications technology required to get site specific
information for a given vehicle or user and the hazards it could
face did not exist. However, a number of navigation products for
aviation, marine and terrestrial use have recently been introduced,
including TeleType World Navigator, MapTech Pocket Navigator,
MapTech Outdoor Navigator, TeleType GPS Companion, Microsoft
Streets & Trips, Hertz NeverLost, ControlVision
AnywhereMap/AnywhereWx.
[0011] In each of these products (except AnywhereWx), the user map
orientation is fixed with a moving icon representing the vehicle
(automobile or boat) in motion. This approach has a number of
shortcomings, including ease with which a user can still get lost,
and inability to adapt to non-fixed range conditions. That is,
users who cannot easily read and interpret maps may still get lost.
For example, if a map is always oriented with north at the top and
a right turn is indicated, to someone traveling south the turn is
actually to the left (on the map). A display that rotates to keep
the route of travel at the top of the display would allow turns and
other maneuvers to be synchronized with the route of travel (i.e.,
left on the display is the direction the driver actually
turns).
[0012] Fixed ranges may be appropriate when a map display is used
for navigation only, but fixed ranges are not appropriate when a
device is used to anticipate hazardous conditions. For example,
exits on the Kansas Turnpike can be as much as 30 miles apart. A
user traveling westbound at Topeka using a navigation device with a
fixed-range map display set on a range of ten miles may go past the
last exit and drive into a dangerous weather situation 15 miles to
the west. There would be no way for the user to avoid or escape on
this limited-access rural highway.
[0013] Some known aviation systems rotate a display map with the
route of flight and changes in aircraft direction. However, these
are relatively large units intended to be fixed inside the cockpit
of an aircraft. There is one known aviation display system that is
portable, AnywhereMap by Control Vision. AnywhereMap uses a GPS
signal to rotate its display to conform to the direction of travel
of the AnywhereMap device. The map moves underneath a fixed icon or
point on the display to indicate the location of the device above
the map. There is a supplement to AnywhereMap called AnywhereWx in
which current radar and other weather information is added. No
forecast information is available on AnywhereWx, nor does it have
the capability of changing ranges or otherwise notifying a pilot or
user of hazardous conditions in the travel path. There is no
technology to predict when the path of hazardous weather and a
moving user will intersect.
[0014] Hertz's Neverlost in-car navigation system also changes
orientation as the automobile changes direction. However, there is
no weather information on the Neverlost system. In addition,
because the Neverlost system is designed to assist automobile
renters who are generally unfamiliar with the locale in which they
have rented the car, the close-up fixed map range is inappropriate
for meteorological display and warning purposes.
[0015] In addition to the above limitations, known systems
typically provide, at most, only location information regarding the
mobile device. That is, the mobile device cannot be used to report
information, other than location information, from the mobile
device to a second party, e.g., another user or a central
server.
[0016] The aforementioned problems indicate there is a need for the
solutions provided by the present invention.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0017] The invention provides a system and method for receiving
event or hazard information by a mobile data processing device and
using that information to warn a user of the device of a future
hazard or life threatening event with reference to the user's
and/or device's intended direction of travel. In one embodiment, an
event center maintains a database and display of hazards (current
and predicted) across a large area, such as the entire United
States and adjacent coastal waters. The event center also receives
information regarding the location of each of a plurality of mobile
data processing devices, such as PDA's, cell phones, laptop
computers, automobiles or a fleet of commercial trucks.
[0018] A hazard location algorithm compares a forecast location of
each device with a forecast hazard and transmits a warning to each
device that is predicted to encounter the hazard. The warning can
take the form of text, audio, and/or a visual display indicating,
for example, that the device will likely encounter heavy snow in
approximately 30 minutes, and that the heavy snow will last for
approximately 45 minutes. As the device moves, its actual position
is updated in the event center, and a revised warning is
transmitted to the device. The warning can be conveyed to the
vehicle in terms of mile posts, railroad stations, waypoints, Very
High Frequency Omnidirectional Range Stations (VORs),
latitude/longitude, etc.
[0019] In some embodiments, the event forecast warning system may
use a rotating map to display information to a user of the system.
The system display displays a geographic map including an icon
indicating a present location of the system on the geographic map,
based on received location information. The display also includes
forecast hazard information. Control logic of the system rotates
the geographic map displayed, based on the received location
information, so that a direction of travel of the system maintains
constant with respect to a predetermined position on a housing of
the display (e.g., the top of the display).
[0020] In yet other embodiments there is a method for providing
information regarding an observed event, receiving an event type as
user input into a mobile data processing device, where the event
type is selected from a constrained set of event types displayed on
the mobile data processing device. The mobile data processing
device determines an event location in proximity to the mobile data
processing device, and wirelessly sends to an event center, the
event type and the determined event location. The location can be
determined in various ways, including user input, automatic
detection, or reading location information from a second device
such as an RFID tag.
[0021] The event center may receive from a mobile data processing
device, computer readable data comprising information corresponding
to an event visually observed by a user of the mobile data
processing device, wherein the data includes a type of event, and
includes a location of the event based on the location of the
mobile data processing device. The type of event can be selected
from a constrained set of event types. The event center may then
display on a display device a warning based on the received
computer readable data.
[0022] In some embodiments, based on the event initially reported,
the device may be used to report subsequent related information, or
secondary information, regarding the event dependent on the type of
event initially selected by the user of the mobile data processing
device. E.g., where the event type identifies a medical condition,
it is useful to know such information including the afflicted
person's blood pressure, or to relay EKG information. The mobile
data processing device may receive an input value for a type of
secondary information associated with the selected event type, and
wirelessly send to an event center the input value for the
secondary information. The event center may optionally return a
confirmation message to the mobile data processing device.
[0023] The secondary information may be determined in various ways
according to various embodiments of the invention. For example, the
types of secondary information associated with various event types
may be stored in a lookup table, database, or other storage in the
mobile data processing device. Alternatively, the associated type
of secondary information may be provided by the event center. An
event type may have multiple types of secondary information
associated with it. Secondary information may include numerical
values (e.g., a blood pressure), binary data (e.g., an EKG),
textual information, visual images or photos, audio recordings, and
the like.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] FIG. 1 shows a system including an event center that
provides hazard information to a plurality of recipients 107, 108
and 109.
[0025] FIG. 2 shows one possible configuration for a vehicle
warning system and method including a display 201 that shows
weather hazard information and a cell phone 207 that optionally
displays weather hazard information.
[0026] FIG. 3A shows a current weather grid including current and
forecast weather hazards, and current and forecast vehicle
locations.
[0027] FIG. 3B shows the weather grid of FIG. 3A after ten minutes
have elapsed.
[0028] FIG. 3C shows the weather grid of FIG. 3A after twenty
minutes have elapsed.
[0029] FIG. 3D shows the weather grid of FIG. 3A after thirty
minutes have elapsed.
[0030] FIG. 3E shows the weather grid of FIG. 3A after forty
minutes have elapsed.
[0031] FIG. 3F shows the weather grid of FIG. 3A after fifty
minutes have elapsed.
[0032] FIG. 4A shows a current weather grid including current and
forecast weather hazards, and current and forecast vehicle
locations.
[0033] FIG. 4B shows the weather grid of FIG. 4A after ten minutes
have elapsed.
[0034] FIG. 4C shows the weather grid of FIG. 4A after twenty
minutes have elapsed.
[0035] FIG. 5 shows a method of generating weather hazard
information for vehicles according to various principles of the
present invention.
[0036] FIG. 6 shows an illustrative rotating user map in a first
orientation according to an aspect of the invention.
[0037] FIG. 7 shows an illustrative rotating user map in a second
orientation according to an aspect of the invention.
[0038] FIG. 8 shows an illustrative rotating user map in the second
orientation according to an aspect of the invention, zoomed out
from FIG. 7.
[0039] FIG. 9 illustrates a storm spotter observing meteorological
conditions using a mobile device, according to an illustrative
embodiment of the invention.
[0040] FIG. 10 illustrates a display of meteorological conditions
as reported to a weather monitoring system, according to an
illustrative embodiment of the invention.
[0041] FIG. 11 illustrates a conventional crawl generation
method.
[0042] FIG. 12 illustrates a method for generating information for
broadcast via television according to an illustrative embodiment of
the invention.
[0043] FIG. 13 illustrates a block diagram of a vehicular media
system with an integrated hazard warning system, according to an
illustrative embodiment of the invention.
[0044] FIG. 14 illustrates a method for reporting follow up
information based on the type of event initially selected by a
user.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0045] FIG. 1 shows a system employing various principles of the
present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, an event center 101 receives
event-related information from various sources, such as
weather-related information from one or more radar sources 102,
temperature data sources 103, wind data sources 104, and other data
sources 105 (including, but not limited to, regional weather
stations that provide air and pavement temperature, humidity, and
other measurements). One or more antennas 110 coupled to weather
center 101 may receive information regarding the location of mobile
devices that use the system. In addition to or instead of radio
frequency communication, this information can be received over the
Internet, wireless network, or other computer network, or via
dedicated dial-up telephone lines. Additionally, Aircraft Situation
Display (ASD) data 113 can be received from various sources, such
as the FAA, which distributes information regarding the current
location and identity of aircraft.
[0046] Event center 101 may also be connected to and receive
information from non-weather related entities, such as Federal,
State, and/or local emergency response agencies 114 (fire, police,
EMS, 911, FEMA, etc.), private response companies 115. In this
manner, center 101 may be equipped to accept, provide, and/or relay
information regarding any life threatening or hazardous event.
[0047] In one embodiment, event center 101 may be coupled to one or
more trip planning web sites 106, which allow device operators to
pre-register with the system and to optionally file trip plans,
similar in nature to so-called "flight plans" that are filed by
pilots. In this embodiment, described in more detail herein, device
operators provide information regarding the identity of the device,
the intended starting point and destination, and route information
(e.g., which highways will be traversed), and this information is
stored in event center 101 for tracking purposes.
[0048] Each recipient 107, 108 and 109 includes a corresponding
device, illustrated by element 107a, 108a, and 109, that receives
event information from event center 101 pertaining to that device's
current and/or future predicted location. In certain embodiments,
each device is equipped with a navigational device such as a GPS
receiver that enables the device to determine its present position
and a radio frequency transmitter that transmits the device's
current location to weather center 101. Additionally, as described
below, each device preferably includes a display and/or audio
output device that permits event information to be communicated to
the device operator. In one embodiment, the device comprises a
cellular telephone, a wireless Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), or
other similar device.
[0049] It is presumed that a network of radio antennae illustrated
as elements 110, 111, and 112 is available to relay signals to and
from each device. Alternatively, satellite communication can be
used, or a combination of the two can be used. Various commercially
available systems, such as the so-called "ON STAR.TM." system, or a
mobile telecommunications carrier (e.g., Sprint PCS, Cingular,
Nextel, etc.) can be used to transmit and receive information
including device identification and location information. For
aircraft, the FAA provides a data stream that identifies each
aircraft by its tail number and provides the current location of
the aircraft. Although not critical to the invention, it is
contemplated that each device user (or fleet operator, where
appropriate) will pre-register each device with event center 101 by
automatically or manually providing device identification
information that can then be used to correlate device locations
with particular devices. Event center 101 may charge a fee for
event reporting services on a monthly or transaction basis, thus
providing a commercially beneficial arrangement.
[0050] In general, event center 101 generates event or hazard
predictions for a plurality of geographic areas, such as four
square kilometer "cells," and compares the location (current and
predicted) of each cell in which there is a future event or hazard
to device locations. The size of the cells is arbitrary, as they
could be 100 yards on a side or even smaller as meteorological
science improves and computing power continues to drop in price.
For each event or hazard, event center 101 transmits a message to
each device that is predicted to intersect with or be located in
the cell, and optionally provides information concerning the nature
of the event (e.g., severe snowstorm, flood, chemical plume,
biological hazard, terrorist attack, etc.), the predicted time
before the event will occur, based on the device's current path
(including, for example, the direction and speed of the event), and
the predicted duration of the event.
[0051] Event center 101 monitors weather conditions around various
geographic areas such as counties, States, bodies of water, or the
entire United States, and forecasts future events, including
weather hazards such as severe storms, hail, snow, wind, ice,
tornados, or other types of hazards. There are numerous methods of
predicting weather involving both computers and humans, and various
companies provide weather forecasting services, as does the
National Weather Service. One example of a weather predicting
method is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,959,567, entitled "Method
and Apparatus for Tracking of Organized Storms."
[0052] FIG. 2 shows an illustrative embodiment for a device 200
that can be used independently or installed in vehicles in
accordance with the principles of the present invention. It will be
appreciated that various types of navigational aids are
commercially available, including GPS receivers and map displays
that identify a device operator's current location. The inventive
principles can be applied by modifying any of these commercially
available units to incorporate additional functions contained
herein. Moreover, various commercially available systems can be
installed in a vehicle to transmit the current location of the
vehicle for various purposes, such as theft prevention and vehicle
recovery. Alternatively, device 200 may be a standalone data
processing unit with the requisite capabilities, such as a laptop
or notebook computer, personal digital assistant or mobile
telephone, handheld or tablet PC, or the like.
[0053] As shown in FIG. 2, a GPS receiver 203 receives information
from satellites that permits the device to determine its current
location with a reasonable degree of accuracy. This information is
fed into a microprocessor 202, which is programmed to periodically
transmit the information through wireless transceiver 204, or
through an optional other network interface 208. When installed in
a vehicle, additional information from the vehicle, such as data
from vehicle sensors (e.g., temperature, speed, etc.) can be
transmitted to the event center through transceiver 204 or network
interface 208.
[0054] Microprocessor 202 can be programmed with information
regarding where to transmit the information (e.g., a radio
frequency, Internet Protocol address, or the like). Instead of a
single event center, multiple event centers can of course be
provided, and each device can transmit to the nearest event center
based on its location or to an event center for a particular type
of event. Alternatively, distributed receiving centers can forward
device location information to a central event center using a
computer network such as the Internet. Transceiver 204 may include
a receiver that receives messages transmitted from the event center
and a transmitter for providing information from the device to the
event center. Alternatively, the warnings can be received through
Network interface 208. Warnings can be transmitted as text and/or
audio messages to a cellular telephone number provided by the
device operator corresponding to the device.
[0055] In one embodiment, a map display 201 of the type commonly
used in commercially available vehicle navigation systems or on
portable electronic devices is coupled to the microprocessor 202.
As shown, the map shows the current location of the device
superimposed on a map, such as a street or county map.
Additionally, warning information received from the event center
can be superimposed in the form of text and/or graphics on the map
display in order to indicate the proximity and direction of the
hazard or to the device operator. A speaker 205 can be used to
generate audio warnings.
[0056] Turning to the operation of the event center, in one
embodiment a computerized database of current and forecast event
information, such as weather information, is generated and
periodically updated. This data can be stored in a grid-type data
structure in which a geographic area is divided into cells of a
given size (e.g., four statute of nautical miles on each side). In
other words, weather hazard information extracted from a weather
map (extracted either by a human operator or automatically by
computer) is converted into a discrete hazard indicator (e.g.,
severe snow, severe thunderstorm, hail, chemical cloud, etc.) and
the indicator is stored into a cell corresponding to the area over
which the hazard will occur. A county, for example, may be divided
into a plurality of fixed-size cells, and a storm moving through
the county may cause hazard indicators to be stored in a subset of
those cells as the storm moves, thus avoiding sending a warning
message to an entire county if possible.
[0057] For purposes of illustration, it will be assumed that a
geographic region is divided into a plurality of cells. In each
cell for which a current or forecast hazard exists, a hazard
indicator is stored to indicate the current or predicted condition
in the cell. The grid is updated as the event situation changes
(e.g., the weather changes). Thus, every few minutes, the grid is
updated to reflect the latest current and predicted future
information.
[0058] In one embodiment, information concerning each device
location is also maintained in the weather grid, such that overlaps
between forecast hazards and forecast device locations can be
identified by computer. Assume that a severe thunderstorm is moving
directly from west to east, and a device is moving directly toward
the advancing storm (i.e., from east to west). FIG. 3A shows a
current weather grid including a plurality of cells in which a
current weather hazard W0 exists in four cells on the left side of
the grid. A forecast weather hazard W10 (i.e., predicted to hit in
10 minutes) exists in the next set of cells just to the east of the
current weather hazard. Similarly, a forecast weather hazard W20
exists just to the east of the 10-minute forecast, and a forecast
weather hazard W30 exists just to the east of the 20-minute
prediction. Thus, assuming that each cell measures 4 nautical miles
on each side, FIG. 3A shows that the storm is generally moving east
at a rate of 4 nautical miles every 10 minutes. Although only one
weather hazard per cell is shown, it is of course possible to have
multiple weather hazards activated in each cell (e.g., severe hail
and severe lightning, for example). It will be appreciated that
different cell sizes and granularity can be used as desired; in
general, smaller cell sizes will result in increased computational
needs, but greater specificity.
[0059] Also shown in FIG. 3A is a forecast vehicle or device
location, illustrated by the notation V0 (vehicle position now)
through V30 (forecast vehicle location 30 minutes from the present
time). As shown in FIG. 3A, the vehicle is moving due west at
approximately 4 nautical miles every 10 minutes. At the initial
time as shown in FIG. 3A, the current vehicle position is not in a
cell for which a weather hazard exists, and there is no projected
overlap for the next 30 minutes based on the 30-minute forecast
weather hazard (indicated by W30) and the 30-minute forecast
vehicle position (indicated by V30). Thus, no warning is issued at
this time. As meteorological science improves it will be possible
to generate warnings for more than 30 minutes into the future.
[0060] FIG. 3B shows the weather grid of FIG. 3A after ten minutes
has elapsed. In FIG. 3B, all of the current and forecast weather
hazards have moved one cell to the right (i.e., moved due east by
four nautical miles), and the vehicle positions (current and
forecast) have moved to the left by one cell (i.e., moved due west
by four nautical miles). Consequently, there is now an overlap
between the vehicle's 20-minute forecast location and the storm's
forecast 30-minute future location. According to one variation of
the invention, the weather center generates a warning to the
vehicle or device indicating that a weather hazard is forecast to
hit the vehicle in 30 minutes and, optionally, when the vehicle
will "clear" the hazard. In general, the system looks for matches
to indicate the time that the hazard will first be encountered and
its duration (i.e., based on the number of cells that the vehicle
is expected to travel through). There may be times when the hazard
is so large that the end of the hazard will be beyond the 30-minute
interval; in such cases, no "duration" need be provided.
[0061] There are many different ways of evaluating the overlap
situations illustrated in FIGS. 3A through 3F, and the following is
intended to provide one example only. In one variation, for each
overlapping cell, if the vehicle forecast time is greater than the
weather forecast time (e.g., V30 is greater than W20), the cell is
ignored for warning purposes, whereas if the weather forecast time
is greater than or equal to the vehicle forecast time, a warning is
generated. Thus, according to one variation of the method, a
warning is generated for only one cell in FIG. 3B (i.e., the cell
containing W30 and V20). The warning time is the weather forecast
time for that cell (i.e., 30 minutes). The validity of this
prediction can be seen by looking forward to FIG. 3E, which shows
the situation 30 minutes later (i.e., the current vehicle position
V0 coincides with a current weather hazard, W0).
[0062] Turning now to FIG. 3C (twenty minutes later), there are
four cells in which the vehicle's location falls in cells
containing weather hazards. However, the two leftmost cells contain
overlaps where the vehicle forecast time is greater than the
weather forecast time, and these can be ignored. The remaining two
cells indicate that the vehicle's current location is in a
30-minute hazard cell (cell containing V0), and that the vehicle's
10-minute future location is in a 20-minute hazard cell (cell with
V10). The hazard time can be calculated as T=V+(W-V)=W, or 20
minutes. That is, the hazard time is the weather forecast time in
the leftmost cell that does not contain a vehicle forecast time
that exceeds a weather forecast time. The validity of this forecast
can be seen by looking forward to FIG. 3E (twenty minutes hence),
which shows that the vehicle is in a cell experiencing a weather
hazard.
[0063] Alternatively, where multiple overlapping cells occur, a
subtraction value W-V can be obtained (i.e., subtract the vehicle
forecast time from the weather forecast time) for each cell. The
cell containing the lowest non-negative number is used to generate
the warning value, and the warning value is the weather forecast
time. For example, in FIG. 3B, there are two overlapping cells, the
first one having a W-V value of -10, and the second having a W-V
value of +10. The cell containing the +10 value is used, and its
weather forecast time is 30 minutes. Therefore, a 30-minute hazard
warning is generated. Similarly, in FIG. 3C, there are four
overlapping cells, as follows: first cell W-V=-30; second cell
W-V=-10; third cell W-V=+10; fourth cell W-V=+30. The cell
generating the lowest non-negative number has a weather forecast
value of 20 minutes, which can be verified by looking ahead 20
minutes (FIG. 3E). Similarly, in FIG. 3D, there are three
overlapping cells, as follows: first cell W-V=-20; second cell
W-V=-10; third cell W-V=+10. The weather forecast value of that
cell is 10 minutes, which can be verified by looking ahead 10
minutes (to FIG. 3E). Finally, in FIG. 3E there is only one
overlapping cell, which has a W-V value of zero. The weather
forecast value for that cell is zero, indicating that a weather
hazard presently exists for the vehicle.
[0064] FIGS. 4A to 4C show a second illustrative example in which
the vehicle's predicted path changes over time (i.e., from
generally northwest to generally southwest). Beginning in FIG. 4A,
at an initial time there is an overlap between two cells. The first
cell has a W-V value of -20, and the second cell has a W-V value of
zero. The weather forecast for the non-zero cell is 20 minutes,
indicating that a weather hazard will occur in 20 minutes.
[0065] In FIG. 4B, ten minutes later, there are four overlapping
cells, with W-V values as follows: first cell, W-V=-30; second
cell, W-V=-10; third cell, W-V=+10; fourth cell, W-V=0. The two
non-negative cells show weather hazard forecast times of 20 minutes
and 10 minutes, respectively. The lowest non-negative cell has a
forecast time of 10 minutes, which can be given as the warning.
[0066] In FIG. 4C (twenty minutes after FIG. 4A), the forecast
vehicle position has now shifted to a southwest position, possibly
as a result of receiving updated position information from the
vehicle, or due to an interpolated new path based on updated
information, or due to other information such as deviation from a
previously provided travel plan. In FIG. 4C, there are two
overlapping cells, with W-V values as follows: first cell, W-V=0;
second cell, W-V=+10. Using the cell having the lowest value (0),
the forecast weather hazard time is 10 minutes, which can be given
as the warning.
[0067] In addition to providing a warning indicating the time that
a weather hazard will be encountered, the system can provide an
estimate as to the duration of the hazard, based on the current
travel path of the vehicle. For example, if the weather grid
indicates that the forecast vehicle position for the next 30
minutes will intersect cells in which storm activity is predicted
for the next 30 minutes, but thereafter will be cleared of the
storm cells, the system can inform the vehicle operator that the
weather hazard will last for 30 minutes. In FIG. 3C, for example, a
hazard duration value of 20 minutes can be given, because the
vehicle's 20-minute future position is not in a cell that contains
a weather hazard.
[0068] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that similar
methodologies may be used to provide warning messages regarding
events other than meteorological events, including smog warnings,
chemical or biological attack warnings, earthquake, volcanic
eruption, and the like.
[0069] As explained above, event center 101 preferably maintains
information regarding the positional location (e.g., latitude and
longitude) of each of a plurality of devices that have
pre-registered with the event center to provide mobile hazard
reporting services. In one variation of the invention, each device
periodically transmits its current location to the event center,
and this information is used to update the grid. Devices can
pre-register with the event center by providing identification
information, personal identifier, serial number, or other unique
ID, (e.g., the VIN for an automobile, a license plate number, fleet
serial number, or the like), and this information is transmitted
along with the positional information to event center 101.
Additionally, the computer in event center 101 can extrapolate
future (forecast) positions for the device by comparing two
previous locations along with the time differences between
transmissions from those locations.
[0070] For example, if a device has moved between two
latitude/longitude points within a certain period of time, the
computer can calculate a predicted heading and velocity based on
these two points and the elapsed time between the points. This
heading and velocity can be translated into cells using simple
linear algebra.
[0071] Device locations can also be correlated and interpolated
based on a "flight plan" provided by a device owner before leaving
for a trip. A web site can be used to facilitate the entry and
transmission of this information to weather center 101. For
example, a driver can indicate on a map the starting point, ending
point, and intended travel path (e.g., by specifying or
highlighting this route on a map). Weather center 101 can use this
information to determine the likely position of a device based on
the starting time of the trip and the elapsed time. Additionally,
information regarding speed limits on various highways can be taken
into consideration when determining the likely position of a device
(e.g., if traveling on an interstate that has a 65-mph speed limit,
the computer can assume that the vehicle has maintained this speed
between two points). Consequently, if event center 101 does not or
cannot receive a signal indicating device position, it can estimate
the position based on the trip plan filed by the device operator.
In the event that hazards are predicted for the vehicle, the system
can suggest an alternate route that avoids or minimizes
intersections with cells that have hazards.
[0072] In another variation of the invention, devices can register
to use the service by using a telephone (e.g., a cell phone) to
dial a telephone number and provide the phone number of the device,
to be activated for alerts. For example, a family traveling by
automobile can use a cell phone capability of the device to call a
toll-free telephone number and enter the telephone number of the
device. Thereafter, they can periodically transmit their current
location. Event center 101 can thereafter transmit weather hazard
warnings directly to the cell phone, in the form of short text
messages, or by voice messages.
[0073] Aircraft positions can be obtained from an Aircraft
Situation Display (ASD) data source, such as that provided by the
Federal Aviation Administration. In this variation of the
invention, event center 101 obtains periodic location information
and identification information (e.g., tail numbers) and uses it to
identify the location of airplanes. Consequently, it is not
necessary for aircraft to transmit their location to weather center
101, although such a configuration is of course within the scope of
the invention.
[0074] In addition to transmitting current location information,
each device may transmit other data, such as temperature and
current and average velocity. Temperature data from the device
could be used, for example, to help predict whether the roads will
be icy based on meteorological conditions.
[0075] FIG. 5 shows various steps of a method that can be used to
carry out various principles of the present invention. Beginning in
step 501, one or more devices pre-register to receive warnings. As
described above, this pre-registration can occur using a web site;
a telephone; data connection, or by other means. The registration
step associates a device identifier with the device, so that
subsequent location updates for that device identifier can be
correlated with the device, including means for communicating with
the device (e.g., an Internet Protocol address of a device; a cell
phone telephone number to which warnings will be transmitted, the
network address of a wireless PDA; or the like). Once registered
and activated, event center 101 will track and provide warnings to
the device.
[0076] In step 502, a composite of current and forecast conditions
is generated and mapped onto a grid such as the type shown in FIG.
3A. There are many different methods of predicting hazards,
including human-originated means, computer-generated means, and
combinations of the two. As is conventional, various meteorological
displays can be generated to show various forms of precipitation,
temperatures, pressures, and wind conditions. The data can include
radar reflectivity data such as that generated by NEXRAD radars
operated by the National Weather Service; "slime track" information
showing the position of observed or actual tornados over a period
of time; meteorologist-entered information such as the suspected
location of a tornado or other severe weather event; information
derived from spotters; and other data tending to show a severe
weather event such as a tornado. In one embodiment, this
information can also include predicted future storm or tornado
tracks that are predicted using any of various technologies, such
as those illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,959,567, entitled "Method
and Apparatus for Tracking of Organized Storms."
[0077] In another embodiment, a future path can be predicted using
human judgment (e.g., trained meteorologists monitoring various
radar data and other sensed information). In yet another
embodiment, a projected path as provided by the National Weather
Service (NWS) can be used. The NWS often provides an array of
points or "dots" that can be connected to determine the path along
which a tornado or hurricane is expected to move.
[0078] A tornado location can be heuristically determined using a
combination of radar echo shape ("hook" echo), radar wind velocity
and echo structure, all well known in the meteorological community.
Once the initial position is determined, a predicted future
location can be predicted using the principles set forth in the
'567 patent, or a meteorologist can use his or her judgment to
establish a projected future path. The National Weather Service
transmits a Tornado Detection Algorithm (TDA) in its WSR-88 radar
data stream, and this TDA position could thus also be used. The NWS
also uses its own movement algorithms, which could be employed in
conjunction with the principles of the invention. Finally,
information supplied by "spotters" can be used in conjunction with
any of the above techniques in order to pinpoint the location of an
actual tornado.
[0079] Event center 101 may similarly receive data regarding
non-meteorological events from government agencies and/or private
companies.
[0080] In step 503, a composite of current and forecast device
locations is generated and stored in a data structure like that of
FIG. 3A, such that device positions and hazards can be evaluated to
determine whether there are intersections in cells that would
warrant one or more warnings. As explained above, device locations
can be extrapolated if necessary, and updated as device location
updates are received.
[0081] In step 504, the forecast hazards and the forecast device
locations are compared to determine whether there are any overlaps.
As explained above, for example, if a forecast device position in
30 minutes will intersect with a cell in which a storm hazard is
forecast for 30 minutes, a warning will be sent to the device
operator, based on the pre-registered information (e.g.,
information correlating the device identifier to a cell phone
number, IP address, or other communication tool). Additionally, the
duration of the weather hazard can be provided based on the
forecast path of the device and the end of the weather hazard. For
example, if a severe hailstorm is predicted to occur across a large
number of cells, but the vehicle will have passed beyond the cells
in 45 minutes, then the event center can indicate that the hazard
will subside in 45 minutes.
[0082] Consequently, in step 505 a warning of the distance or
travel time to a hazard is transmitted to the device or devices in
the cell corresponding to the hazard, along with the duration of
the hazard and other supplemental information as available (e.g.,
tornado spotted in the cell in which the vehicle is traveling). In
step 506, an optional step of suggesting an alternate route can be
provided.
[0083] In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the functions
of the event center may be performed by system 200 (FIG. 2) based
on received location and hazard information, such as meteorological
or weather information. That is, each system 200 may include
control logic (e.g., computer software executed by microporocessor
202 ) to perform the functions of an event center with respect to
itself, calculating warning information for itself based on the
received location and hazard information. In such an embodiment, an
information distributor may relay pertinent weather and hazard
information to each system, or the information may be received
directly from primary information sources (e.g., the National
Weather Service).
[0084] Roating User Map
[0085] According to an aspect of the invention, a rotating user map
may be used to improve vehicle and device navigation, and hazard
awareness, resulting in improved safety and productivity. While the
invention is described with respect to weather hazards and
meteorological information, the invention is applicable for
providing warnings for any type of hazard, including natural or
man-made disasters, life threatening events, etc.
[0086] The GPS receiver 203 may communicate with the microprocessor
202 to generate for display on display 201 a map that is tied to
latitude and longitude coordinates and that "rotates"as the user
changes directions. That is, the top of the display (or any
arbitrary fixed point) faces the same direction the user is
traveling. In addition, the range of the display (i.e., the level
of granularity and size of the area visible on the display) is
selectable by a user of the device or dynamically by software
controlling the device's operation. The range refers to the zoom
level of the display. For example, a customer may use a short range
(high zoom level) when using the system primarily as a navigational
tool, e.g., where the display depicts an area of only 1 square
mile, in order to view in detail the immediately surrounding area.
However, a customer may use a larger range (low zoom level) when
using the system to receive meteorological information and/or
warnings, e.g., the display depicts an area of 100 square miles, in
order to clearly view meteorological information for a larger
geographic area. The zooming of the display may be controlled by
the microprocessor 202.
[0087] FIG. 6 illustrates a display 201 of device 200, where the
system is traveling to the north, and rain 605 is illustrated with
respect to the location of the system. If the user holding the
system or vehicle in which the system is located turns right onto
Grand Ave. and begins traveling to the east, the display rotates so
that the direction of travel is at the top of the display (or any
other predetermined side), such as is illustrated in FIG. 7. While
an icon 601 depicting a car is used to indicate the system's
current position, any icon may alternatively be used. Arrow 603 is
for illustrative purposes, indicating the direction of travel of
the system, and does not necessarily need to be included on display
201.
[0088] With further reference to FIGS. 8, an aspect of the
invention provides current and forecast weather information
pertinent to the system's route of travel. An override system may
cause the zoom level of the display to change to insure that the
user receives critical information regardless of the range or
direction of travel when the information becomes pertinent. The
method as performed by the system may be controlled by the
microprocessor connected to the GPS receiver with appropriate
circuitry, hardware and/or software control logic.
[0089] When a user is viewing the display at a high zoom level
(e.g., one mile) to view detailed street, topographic or marine
information, meteorological information regarding an approaching
storm might not be visible on the display 201 until the system (and
its user) is too near the meteorological phenomenon (e.g.,
inclement weather such as heavy rain or a lightning storm) to take
appropriate precautions such as altering his or her route of travel
to avoid the inclement weather. Thus, according to an aspect of the
invention, the system automatically enlarges the range (lowers the
zoom level) as appropriate such that the meteorological threat is
visible on the display as well as the icon 601 indicating the
position of the system.
[0090] FIG. 8 illustrates the display after the system
automatically zooms out from the display illustrated in FIG. 7.
FIG. 8 illustrates the icon 601 indicating the current location of
the user, the present location 801 of a storm with severe weather
areas 803 (e.g., hail), and the forecast location 805 of the storm
and severe weather areas 807, with which the system will intersect.
FIG. 8 also illustrates a warning 809 indicating that hail is
predicted. The warning may optionally include a duration or
expiration time (see FIG. 9, discussed below). The types of hazards
or inclement weather for which the system will automatically adjust
the range of the display 201 may be user-defined or set by the
system software.
[0091] In some embodiments the system automatically changes the
zoom level without user input if the inclement weather will
intersect an extrapolated path of the user or the path as depicted
on a pre-registered trip plan. The extrapolated path of the user
may be based on a direction of travel of the system, or may be
based on the road on which the user is currently traveling. That
is, if the road turns or changes directions, the system may assume
that the system will turn and change directions with it.
Alternatively, the user may specify or the system may provide a
default safe distance, e.g., five miles, where if the inclement
weather is or is forecast to be closer than the safe distance
value, then the system will automatically adjust the zoom such that
the inclement weather (or weather forecast) is visible on the
display.
[0092] However, if the system and the inclement weather are not
calculated to intersect (or get closer than the safe distance) at
some future time, the system might not automatically change zoom
levels. For example, when the system is traveling away from the
inclement weather and the paths of the system and the weather do
not intersect, the system will not change the zoom level and
interrupt the user's viewing of the display (e.g., the user is
heading south at 65 mph and the inclement weather behind the user,
while also heading south, is only moving at 30 mph).
[0093] Using the above described systems and methods, the weather
warning system is user centric in that the display is based on the
system's specific location. Another system one mile away will
provide a different display. Each system displays hazards or hazard
warnings when the hazard is pertinent to the specific system's
location or path. Each system overrides the user to display a
hazard pertinent to the system's location if the hazard is within a
distance selected by the user, and each system will not interrupt a
user when the system is not threatened by the hazard. By only
displaying information pertinent to the specific system, the
effectiveness of a storm warning or other alert is maximized
because false alarms are minimized. Another mobile device 905
displaying hazard information on a rotating user map is illustrated
in FIG. 9, discussed further below.
[0094] Reporting Spotter Information
[0095] As indicated above, meteorological condition information or
hazard information may be observed by a spotter or user near a
location of the observed condition or event. FIG. 9 illustrates a
spotter 901 observing, e.g., meteorological condition 903, namely,
a rotating wall cloud, indicative of a possible tornado. Spotter
901 may enter data 907 into a mobile computing device 905, e.g., a
personal digital assistant, smartphone, mobile telephone, or the
like. Data 907 may include a type 909 of the observed condition,
and an approximate location 911 of the observed condition.
[0096] Various input methods may be used to enter data 907 into
mobile device 905. For example, the observed condition may be
selected from a constrained list of predetermined inputs, e.g., by
using a drop down list, radio buttons, or the like. Alternatively,
the spotter 901 may manually enter the observed condition, e.g., by
typing or writing input into the mobile device 905 as is known in
the art. The predetermined inputs may be selected by the mobile
device based on a category (e.g., meteorological, medical, natural
disaster, terrorist, etc.) and subcategory (e.g., under
meteorological, sub-categories may include tornado, precipitation,
lightning, etc.) selected by the spotter. Thus, if the spotter
selects the meteorological category and tornado subcategory, the
mobile device may provide a drop down list or radio buttons having
selections for "Tornado On Ground," "Funnel Cloud Aloft," and
"Rotating Wall Cloud" as is illustrated in FIG. 9. The following
table provides illustrative categories, subcategories, and
selections within subcategories that may be used.
1 TABLE 1 Category Subcategory Selections Meteorological Tornado
Tornado On Ground Funnel Cloud Aloft Rotating Wall Cloud
Precipitation Rain Sleet Hail Snow Flooding Surface Conditions Icy
Roads High Winds Sub-32.degree. F. Heat Advisory Medical Individual
Heart Attack Heat Exhaustion Seizure Broken Bone Vehicular Accident
Auto Accident Motorcycle Accident Bicycle Accident Natural Disaster
Volcanic Eruption Earthquake Forest Fire Terrorist Attack Physical
Bomb Gunfire/Artillery Hostages Chemical Liquid Gaseous Biological
Contained Uncontained
[0097] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that alternative
categories, subcategories, and selections within subcategories may
be used to suit the needs of the particular system. That is, the
specific categories, subcategories, and selections within
subcategories used is secondary to the fact that categories,
subcategories, and selections within subcategories are used to
provide a constrained list of selection items to a user. In
addition, more or fewer hierarchical levels of categories may
alternatively be used and, as evidenced above, the same number of
category levels need not be used for each top-level category.
[0098] The approximate location input by the user may be based on
the location of the mobile device 905, e.g., when device 905
includes a global positioning system (GPS). The spotter 901 may
enter information indicating that the observed condition is at the
location of the mobile device 905, or may provide information
indicating the observed condition's location relative to the mobile
device 905, e.g., by providing a distance 913 from the mobile
device 905, and a direction 915 from the mobile device to the
observed condition. Optionally, the mobile device 905 may be
equipped with a compass and/or a distance meter (e.g., a laser
distance calculator) to help the user determine the direction of an
event from the mobile device as well as the distance of the event
from the mobile device. The device may then convert the location
information into estimated latitude and longitude coordinates. In
addition, the user of the mobile device may provide an approximate
location of the observed condition by selecting a position on the
displayed map. That is, the user can touch the screen at the
approximate location of the observed condition, and the device
translates the touch input coordinates to an approximate location
(e.g., latitude and longitude) of the observed condition based on
the input location on the displayed map.
[0099] In other embodiments, alternative methods of computing
location may be used. For example, the system may be adapted for
use in a particular location, such as a large stadium, arena, race
track, or other venue in which prompt reporting of hazardous and
life-threatening events can potentially save lives. In such a
scenario, the system may be adapted for the user to input a
section, row, and/or seat number where an affected individual is
located. That is, if a patron seated in section 212, row AA, seat
10 is having chest pains, that patron (or others around him or her)
can signal an usher or employee equipped with a mobile device 905
adapted for use in the particular venue. The employee may then
select Medical/Heart Attack from the constrained list of selection
items on the device, and enter the location section 212, row AA,
and optionally seat 10 (the section and row numbers typically
provide enough specificity for emergency response purposes). The
employee then sends the information by selecting the `send`button
917 or similar option. The information is wirelessly transmitted to
the event center 101, and a confirmation message may optionally be
relayed back to the device 905 from which the employee sent the
information to confirm that the report was received by the event
center 101. In this example, the venue operator may maintain its
own event center, in which case the venue operators are immediately
notified of the patron's medical situation and can initiate the
emergency response thereto. In addition, the venue operator may
have a GIS map that correlates GPS locations to specific seat
locations, where the reported location information is sent in
latitude/longitude format.
[0100] In another embodiment of the invention, the mobile device
905 may be equipped with a RFID tag reader, and RFID tags may be
located throughout a venue, e.g., at each section, row, seat,
conference hall, points of interest, offices, etc. Each RFID tag
then identifies the location in which the RFID tag is placed when
activated by the RFID tag reader on the mobile device 905, and the
location information is automatically input into device 905 for
further communication to event center 101.
[0101] Upon submitting the data to the event center 101 (FIG. 1),
the event center may perform an integrity check on the reported
data. The integrity check may include determining the user or
spotter from which the information was received. If the spotter is
known to the organization operating the event center, the
information is more likely to be reliable than if the information
is received from a user unknown to the organization operating the
weather center. In addition, the event center may compare the
received information to known conditions (e.g., current weather) to
determine if the condition is likely or even possible. For example,
upon receiving a report from a spotter that a rotating wall cloud
has been observed at location X,Y, the event center may compare the
report with other meteorological information. If all other
meteorological information indicates that location X,Y is sunny
with no clouds in the sky, the received report might be discarded
or ignored.
[0102] After performing the integrity check, the event center
integrates the newly received information with presently known
information, e.g., information received from other sources such as
the National Weather Service, FEMA, etc. In addition, the event
center may transmit the updated information to remote subscribers
who have previously requested to be kept informed of conditions in
certain areas. FIG. 10 illustrates a subscriber display including
an indication 1001 of the spotter's report regarding the rotating
wall cloud.
[0103] The reporting system described herein is especially useful
in high-noise environments, such as at auto races, during high
winds or storms, amidst a panicked crowd of people, on an airport
tarmac, or at other high-noise events, because communications are
not dependent on voice communications or being able to hear a user
attempt to audibly report event information. The system is also
particularly useful in self-sustained environments or areas that do
not rely on public emergency response groups. For example, many
auto race tracks, speedways, and superspeedways are not supported
by public 911, fire department, paramedic service, and/or
hospitals. That is, they provide their own fire department, their
own paramedic service, and/or their own hospital. In such a
scenario, the present system can be used to report events when
calling 911 would only introduce an additional level of delay
(i.e., 911 would either inform the caller that they cannot send
paramedics to the caller's location, or 911 would merely call the
venue operator for further action on the venue operator's
part).
[0104] With further reference to FIG. 14, one or more aspects of
the invention may provide or allow a user of a mobile device
adapted to perform as described herein, e.g., any of devices 107 a,
108a, 109 (FIG. 1), device 200 (FIG. 2), or device 905 (FIG. 9), to
report follow up information relevant to the reported event based
on the type of event or hazard initially reported by the user. That
is, certain event types may have associated secondary information
that, while not necessary in the initial report, provides useful
follow up information that may assist private, local, state, or
federal agencies in responding to the event report. For example, if
a tornado is reported, it would be useful to provide a direction
and speed of travel of the tornado. If a heart attack is reported,
it would be useful to provide blood pressure information, if known.
The below table provides an illustrative example of secondary
information that may be associated with event types, and stored in
the memory of the mobile device, as well as the expected format of
the input values for the secondary information. The secondary
information preferably comprises one or more numerical quantities,
although the invention is not limited in this respect as is evident
in Table 2. For example, the secondary information may also
comprise a Boolean variable, text, or an image such as a
photograph.
2TABLE 2 Secondary Event Type Information Requested Format Tornado
on ground Speed mph Direction of travel compass direction Heart
Attack Blood pressure Number Electrocardiogram (EKG) Binary data
Broken Bone Bone location Text Flooding Depth Number (Ft.) Hostages
Number of people Number Motorcycle Accident Rider wearing helmet?
(Y/N) Boolean Photograph of helmet Image
[0105] The above are merely examples of secondary information that
may be provided. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that
different or additional secondary information may be provided, as
determined by the needs of the particular system and event types
used. The specific secondary information provided is secondary to
the ability to provide secondary information based on a selected
event type.
[0106] Referring to FIG. 14, in step 1401, a user of a mobile
device visually observes or learns of an event or hazard regarding
which the user desired to report back to the event center. Such an
event may include any event discussed herein, including
meteorological events, medical events, etc. After visually
observing or learning about the event, the user inputs an event
type in step 1403.
[0107] The device determines the event location in step 1405, e.g.,
based on a GPS location (e.g., latitude, longitude, and altitude)
determined automatically by the mobile device, based on the GPS
location in conjunction with a user provided or automatically
determined direction and distance from the mobile device of the
event, other user provided information (e.g., section, row, and/or
seat number of a venue), or based on externally obtained location
information, e.g., by reading an RFID tag storing location
information. These are but a few examples of how the location may
be determined. The specific methodology used is secondary to the
ability of the user or device to input or determine the event
location in proximity to the mobile device. The mobile device in
step 1407 sends the event type and event location to the event
center via a wireless communications network, e.g., a wireless data
link over the Internet or a cell phone with a modem.
[0108] In step 1409 the mobile device determines whether any
secondary information is associated with the selected event type.
The mobile device may determine whether any secondary information
is associated with the selected event type by looking up the
selected event type in a table, similar to Table 2, above.
Alternatively or in addition to the lookup table of secondary
information based on event type, the event center, upon receiving
the initial report of the event type and event location, may
transmit a list of requested secondary information back to the
reporting mobile device, optionally with a confirmation of receipt
of the initial report. If no secondary information is associated
with the selected event type, the method proceeds to step 1415.
[0109] If secondary information is associated with the selected
event type, the mobile device prompts the user, and the secondary
information is entered in step 1411. The mobile device may also
receive automated secondary information input from intelligent
devices connected to or in communication with the mobile device,
e.g., a camera and/or microphone. The mobile device transmits in
step 1413 the entered secondary information to the event
center.
[0110] The event center distributes the received information, e.g.,
the initial event type, event location, and associated secondary
information, to third parties in step 1415. Event center may simply
display the reported information on a display device for an event
center operator to visually observe, and may optionally output
audio to alert the operator of the incoming report. The server
computer at the event center may log the event and store records of
it for future use, and may also forward alerts to other personnel,
as appropriate. In addition, authorized users may access the data
stored on the event center server, e.g., via the Internet.
[0111] The inventive system, including the mobile device(s) from
which reports can be sent, in conjunction with the event center
server with network access, provides routine, non-incident public
safety and medical information collection and dissemination to
appropriate personnel. The event center server may optionally
provide a geographically specific map (e.g., a street-level map)
illustrating the locations of all related parties to an event as
determined by a particular subscriber to the event center. E.g., if
a remote user reports a medical emergency, and the emergency
response personnel are equipped with location aware devices (e.g.,
GPS) that report the location of the emergency response personnel
back to the event center, the event center may track the location
of the emergency response personnel and the injured person's
location on the map, and may report the location and ETA of the
emergency response personnel to the mobile device from which the
medical emergency report was received.
[0112] The event center server may also provide, or be linked to
another database that can provide, information regarding known risk
factors for the reporting party (e.g., a subscriber is known to be
allergic to codeine) and/or the incident location (e.g., the
location is accessible only by dirt road). The event center may
also communicate with other computers, databases, and/or electronic
devices to obtain configuration, diagnostic, and/or repair
information based on the event type and/or secondary information
received, and optionally transmit the information back to the
mobile device from which the event information and secondary
information is received.
[0113] Given that the system described herein provides
meteorological warnings as well as receives event reporting
information, the event center server may mediate between
responders, on-scene systems and meteorological databases to
provide location-based prospective and historical weather
conditions, e.g., conditions at the time the event was reported,
believed to have occurred, and/or for the expected duration of the
incident or the response thereto.
[0114] The event center may also be used for subsidiary operations
such as tracking consumables inventory (e.g., drugs administered
on-scene at a reported event), and tracking durable equipment
inventory, maintenance, and repair.
[0115] As indicated above, authorized users or subscribers can
access any and/or all information stored in the event center server
or servers, either directly from within the event center or
remotely via a network connection such as through the Internet. In
addition, the event center server notifies applicable personnel,
e.g., based on the type of event and/or the location of the event.
That is, if a medical event occurs within the jurisdiction of Smith
County, the event center may notify the Smith County Police and
Smith County Paramedics. However, if the event occurs at the Kansas
Speedway, the event center may also or alternatively notify the
Kansas Speedway operations center because Kansas Speedway operates
its own medical response unit and has hospital facilities on-site.
The personnel, company, group, agency, etc., to notify may be
stored in a lookup table, database, or the like in the event center
server, and may be based on event type, event location, or any
other information (including secondary information) received from a
mobile device.
[0116] Custom Warnings
[0117] According to an aspect of the invention, a subscriber may be
a television station or a meteorologist employed by a television
station, and updated meteorological information may be
automatically sent to a computer used by the meteorologist or at
the location of the television station. The meteorologist may want
to display information, referred to as a "crawl", over a television
program being broadcast by the television station, based on the
received meteorological information. The crawl displays text moving
from right to left on the top or bottom of a television screen.
However, if the meteorologist is not present, viewers might not
receive a crawl warning that they otherwise would if the
meteorologist were present when the warning arrived from the event
center. Thus, the event center (or alternatively the subscriber's
computer with applicable control logic or software) may
automatically generate crawl text for broadcast over a television
program. When the meteorologist subscriber's computer receives or
generates the automated crawl text, the crawl information is sent
to a broadcast computer for mixing with the television signal, such
that the broadcast television signal includes the crawl text moving
across the screen.
[0118] FIG. 11 illustrates a conventional method for generating a
crawl for display over a television broadcast. In a typical
scenario, in step 1101, a tornado or some other event is spotted by
a stormchaser or other individual near the location of the tornado,
and the individual notifies a law enforcement agency, e.g., by
calling 911 or the police. In step 1103, the law enforcement agency
notifies the National Weather Service. In step 1105, the NWS
manually sends the information to the Advanced Weather Interactive
Processing System (AWIPS) of the NWS (that is, they type it). In
step 1107, an AWIPS administrator types in information regarding
the tornado or other event and sends the information to the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather Wire
(NWWR) and other dissemination channels. In step 1109, the NWWR
sends a notification to a television station. In step 1111, the
television station processes the notification by manually entering
crawl text based on the notification, and airs the crawl for
broadcast. The amount of time from initial sighting in step 1101 to
display in step 1111 usually takes approximately 5 to 30
minutes.
[0119] FIG. 12 illustrates a method for generating television
display information according to an illustrative aspect of the
invention. In step 1201, a storm chaser or other individual
equipped with a mobile device as described herein witnesses a
tornado or other hazardous or life-threatening event. In step 1203,
the user inputs information about the event into the mobile device,
which wirelessly transmits the information as a "ground truth"
report to a event center. In step 1205, the event center performs a
quality control integrity check on the received "ground truth"
report, either by manually comparing the received report to
presently known conditions for the applicable area, or by using
automated computer algorithms to do so. In step 1207, the event
center sends the quality controlled report to a device, such as a
remote, mobile or vehicular device described herein (including,
e.g., the device from which the report was received). The event
center may also send email notifications or other reports to one or
more devices or entities including, e.g., the NWS, news media, etc.
The remote device may also include a computing device at a
television station which, in step 1209, automatically processes the
received quality controlled report for broadcast via television.
The television broadcast might include not only a text crawl, but
also a plotted weather report similar to that illustrated in FIG.
10. The amount of time from initial sighting in step 1201 to
display in step 1209 takes less than one minute, and typically only
requires about 30 seconds when the integrity check is performed
automatically.
[0120] An advantage of the present invention is that crawl
information can be automatically generated without human
intervention, thus presenting crawls and other information to
viewers in much less time than previously possible, thereby saving
lives. In some embodiments, a user may be required to authorize or
approve the automatically generated text, for example, a
meteorologist may approve the crawl text regarding weather prior to
its being sent over the broadcast TV signal. In another embodiment,
the crawl may be sent automatically over the broadcast without
requiring a user to approve or authorize the crawl. Another
advantage of the present invention is that, because the remote
device from which a ground truth report is received may be
GPS-enabled, location information is inherently trustworthy.
Whereas in previous solutions, manual data entry errors often
resulted in misidentifying the location of meteorological
events.
[0121] Using the above-described system, a user is not required to
type the text of the crawl into a computer because the weather
center or client computer can generate the crawl automatically
based on the location of the client computer, or based on some
other predetermined location (e.g., the viewing area of the
television station). The event center or subscriber computer may
store a database of text information indicative of common words and
phrases used in warnings, e.g., times, locations, hazard types, and
the like. When a warning is received that should be provided to
television viewers, the event center or subscriber computer
automatically generates a crawl message using the stored words and
phrases in the database, e.g., "A thunderstorm watch is in effect
for Washington County until 9:30 PM.", based on the content of the
hazard warning information received from the event center.
Alternatively, crawls can also be manually typed into a Chyron or
other messaging system at the television station.
[0122] According to another aspect of the invention, audio warnings
may be automatically generated and spoken back to a user of a
mobile warning device. For example, with reference to FIG. 13, a
hazard warning system 1305 as described herein may be integrated in
a vehicular media system 1303, e.g., AM, FM, or satellite radio
receiver, CD/DVD player, digital music player, navigation system,
or the like, so that the vehicle has one combined information and
media display system 1301. The vehicular media system 1303 and
hazard warning system 1305 may both be connected to an output
override circuit 1307. The output override circuit, by default,
passes information received from the vehicular media system 1303 to
the audio and video output devices, e.g., speaker(s) 1309 and
visual display 1311. However, when a warning is receive or detected
by hazard warning system 1305, the output override circuit may mute
or lower the volume of the vehicular media system 1303 and output
audio information from hazard warning system 1305 via speaker 1309.
In addition, output override circuit 1307 may overlay information
received from hazard warning system 1105 on top of other
information already displayed on visual display 1311.
[0123] Hazard warning system 1305 may be connected to warning
database 1313 that stores audio clips that may be combined to
provide customized audio warnings to a driver of the vehicle so
that the driver does not need to divert his or her attention from
the road to read information on the visual display. Warning
database may store pre-recorded audio clips that hazard warning
system 1305 combines and plays to provide the proper warning. E.g.,
hazard warning system 1305 might combine the recorded audio clips
"hail," "is," "detected," "five,""miles," "ahead," "and," "is
expected to last," "until," "four," and "PM" to inform the user
that the system, on its present route of travel, is predicted to
encounter hail in five miles and the hail will last until 4 PM. In
an alternative embodiment, the warning database stores text strings
which, after combined, are read back by a text-to-speech processor
in the hazard warning system 1305.
[0124] Any of the methods of the invention can be implemented in
control logic, e.g., software, that can be stored on computer disks
or other computer-readable media for execution in a computer or
other data processing device. The invention can be implemented
using web browser technology, handheld computing units, and/or
cellular telephones in addition to or instead of being integrated
into a vehicular system. Moreover, the invention has wide
application for various types of weather hazards including
lightning, hail, hurricanes, wind shear, and the like, and the
inventive principles can be applied equivalently to such phenomena,
as well as to natural and man-made hazards, disasters, and
life-threatening events. No claim should be interpreted to be in
means plus function format. Numbered steps in method claims should
not be interpreted to require a particular ordering of the steps,
unless the claim expressly requires such ordering. What has been
described above is merely illustrative of the application of the
principles of the present invention. Other arrangements and methods
can be implemented by those skilled in the art without departing
from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
* * * * *