U.S. patent application number 11/045922 was filed with the patent office on 2005-10-27 for bi-directional resistance exercise apparatus.
Invention is credited to Cordova, John, Marx, Alvin J..
Application Number | 20050239602 11/045922 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35137196 |
Filed Date | 2005-10-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050239602 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Cordova, John ; et
al. |
October 27, 2005 |
Bi-directional resistance exercise apparatus
Abstract
Bi-directional resistance exercise apparatus designed to offer
resistance to opposing muscle groups. The apparatus provides
continuous and sequential resistance during the extension and
flexion phases. The apparatus includes a controller including a
graphic display. Resistance is provided by a variable resistance
element such as a magnetic brake. A chair or other body supporting
devices support the user depending on the exercise being performed.
Force is applied by the user to a rotatable limb or torso retaining
member and is transferred to the shaft of the magnetic brake. The
brake applies variable resistance determined by the software
instructions issued by the controller. The resistance levels can be
pre-programmed or specifically selected by the user. The brake
force varies instantaneously during the flexion and extension
phases based on the angular position of the input shaft. A record
of the exercise activity can be stored and displayed by the
microprocessor controller.
Inventors: |
Cordova, John; (San Antonio,
TX) ; Marx, Alvin J.; (San Antonio, TX) |
Correspondence
Address: |
ALVIN J. MARX
511 MIREPOIX
SAN ANTONIO
TX
78232-1951
US
|
Family ID: |
35137196 |
Appl. No.: |
11/045922 |
Filed: |
January 31, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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60555045 |
Mar 22, 2004 |
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60585448 |
Jul 6, 2004 |
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60619611 |
Oct 18, 2004 |
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60619613 |
Oct 18, 2004 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
482/1 ; 482/4;
482/8 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 23/0405 20130101;
A63B 23/0482 20130101; A63B 21/4035 20151001; A63B 24/00 20130101;
A63B 23/03525 20130101; A63B 21/00072 20130101; A63B 21/4047
20151001; A63B 21/0056 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
482/001 ;
482/004; 482/008 |
International
Class: |
A63B 015/02; A63B
024/00; A63B 071/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Bi-directional resistance exercise apparatus comprising: a chair
portion including a seat, a backrest, a backrest support member and
supporting legs; a pair of parallel spaced elongate padded ankle
retaining members; an elongate padded thigh retaining member; a
pivotally mounted swing arm attached to said ankle retaining
members; a pivotally mounted swing arm attached to said thigh
retaining member; said pivot pins mounted to and through the side
wall of a control box; said control box containing a variable
resistance mechanism such as a magnetic brake, a pulley attached to
the shaft of said brake, a larger arc reducing pulley, a belt
joining said shaft pulley and said arc reducing pulley; said ankle
pivot pin fixedly attached to the central aperture of said larger
arc reducing pulley; and a microprocessor or personal computer and
associated software that is attached to said variable resistance
mechanism so that the resistance can be controlled by said
computer.
2. Bi-directional resistance exercise apparatus as claimed in claim
1 wherein the length of said swing arms is adjustable.
3. Bi-directional resistance exercise apparatus as claimed in claim
1 wherein said chair portion includes hand grips mounted on either
side of said seat portion.
4. Bi-directional resistance exercise apparatus as claimed in claim
1 wherein said back rest is adjustable in and out with respect to
said back rest support member
5. Bi-directional resistance exercise apparatus as claimed in claim
1 further comprising alternate embodiments of said apparatus that
are designed to provide said bi-directional resistance exercise for
other muscle groups by incorporating said variable resistance
device and associated said microprocessor controlling software into
other traditional exercise apparatus including chest/row, overhead
press/pulldown, quadriceps/hamstring, abdominals/lower back and
biceps/triceps type exercise devices.
6. Bi-directional resistance exercise as claimed in claim 1
wherein: said microprocessor or personal computer and associated
software can direct said variable resistance mechanism so that the
resistance can be controlled instantly and sequentially, and
wherein said computer retains custom software that allows the user
to select from pre-programmed resistance levels or to manually
adjust the resistance of the inward and outward stroke of said
second swing arm and attached ankle retaining members, when a user
flexes his or her quadriceps and hamstring muscles.
7. Bi-directional resistance exercise apparatus as claimed in claim
6 wherein said bi-directional resistance can be programmed to
change within a single in and out cycle and can be also programmed
to change over a plurality of cycles.
8. Bi-directional resistance exercise apparatus as claimed in claim
6 wherein the said user's exercise results can be recorded, stored
and retrieved by said computer or microprocessor or can be sent to
a second central computer where exercise results can be further
analyzed.
9. Bi-directional resistance exercise apparatus independently
claimed comprising: a chair portion including a seat, a backrest
support member and supporting legs; additional standard leg and arm
supporting and retaining members; a control box containing a
variable resistance mechanism such as an electromagnetic brake and
an electric motor that provides an automatic positive return force;
a microprocessor that controls the said variable resistance
mechanism and said automatic positive return force mechanism;
associated software that allows said exercise device to act as both
a bi-directional resistance machine, and a machine that provides
resistance in one direction and an automatic positive return force
in the opposite direction.
10. Bi-directional exercise apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein
said resistance mechanism can be used during the flexion portion of
the cycle and said automatic positive return force portion can be
used in the extension portion of the exercise cycle or conversely,
the said automatic positive return force mechanism can be used
during the flexion portion of the cycle and said resistance force
mechanism can be used during the extension portion of the
cycle.
11. Bi-directional resistance apparatus as claimed in claim 9
wherein said automatic positive return force mechanism includes a
slip clutch that can be electronically adjusted to provide more or
less force during said return portion of the cycle.
12. Bi-directional exercise apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein
alternate means can be used to provide return force such as
compressed air or springs or a weight stack.
13. Bi-directional exercise apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein
a microprocessor controlled DC motor can provide variable force
instead of a motor with a slip clutch.
14. Bi-directional exercise apparatus independently claimed wherein
adjustment mechanisms are delineated comprising: a seat servo
motor; a microprocessor; an input keyboard; a thigh servo motor; a
thigh retaining pad; a thigh pad pressure sensor; a leg length
servo motor; a pair of ankle pads; and an ankle space adjusting
servo motor; said servo motors mounted in conjunction with standard
components of a stationary exercise equipment apparatus so that
said servo motors can adjust the position of said exercise
equipment's seat, thigh pads and ankle retaining pads to the
measurements of a particular user.
15. Bi-directional exercise apparatus as claimed in claim 14
wherein said servo motors are controlled by inputting measurement
information into said microprocessor via said keyboard.
16. Bi-directional exercise apparatus as claimed in claim 14
wherein said measurement information can be stored in said
microprocessor so that before a user starts his or her exercise, he
can enter a specific code and said exercise apparatus will
automatically adjust to said user's dimensions.
17. Bi-directional exercise apparatus independently claimed wherein
specific firmware is implemented comprising: a microprocessor and
associated electronics for controlling the electronic resistance
mechanism of a bidirectional exercise device including an RS-232
input port, an EEPROM, an angular position transducer, a timing
circuit, a reset circuit, a force range switch reader, a brake
force reader, a memory storage device and a power supply.
18. Firmware design for bidirectional exercise equipment as claimed
in claim 17 wherein when said power is turned on, the said
microprocessor is initialized, clearing and setting ports,
variables, and other normal functions.
19. Firmware design for bi-directional exercise equipment as
claimed in claim 17 wherein said angular position transducer
provides data to a floating start point that recalibrates force and
resistance to said resistance mechanism at each step of the
extension and flexion halves of the resistance cycle.
20. Firmware design for bi-directional exercise equipment as
claimed in claim 17 wherein said angular position transducer is
accurate to within one half of one degree.
21. Firmware design for bi-directional exercise equipment as
claimed in claim 17 wherein said microprocessor includes a force
table in its memory so that as the force range is read, the user
can change force range at any point during the cycle.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] Provisional Applications--No. 60/585/448 filing date Jul.
06, 2004--Title "Bidirectional Exercise Apparatus
[0002] No. 60/19,611 filing date Oct. 18, 2004 Title "Adjustment
Mechanisms for Exercise Equipment.
[0003] No. 60/619613 filing date Oct. 18, 2004 Title "Firmware
Design For Bidirectional Exercise Equipment.
[0004] Certified Mail Number 7003 1680 0004 1550 6534, Filing Date
Jun. 23, 2004 Title "Improved Bidirectional Exercise Apparatus"
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
[0005] Not Applicable
DESCRIPTION OF ATTACHED APPENDIX
[0006] Prior Art Copies--F. Joutras et Al U.S. Pat. No. 5,954,621,
M. Anjanappa U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,403, Jones U.S. Pat. No.
4,500,089, Hamlin U.S. Pat. No. 6,129,690, Lapcevie U.S. Pat. No.
5,088,726, Woods U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,270, Carlson U.S. Pat. No.
D303,696
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0007] This invention relates generally to the field of exercise
equipment and more specifically to a bi-directional resistance
exercise apparatus.
[0008] Exercise devices for improving the strength of various
muscle groups in the human body are well known. The most simple
exercise equipment involves weighted elements such as bar bells
which the user lifts, to burden arm various muscle groups so they
become stronger. More recently, exercise equipment such as that
made by Nautilus Corp. includes benches, chairs and other body
supporting means so that a person may sit or lie on an apparatus
and then exert weighted force on a particular muscle group. One
such Nautilus apparatus can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,500,089 by
Jones The weights tend to be in stacks so that the user can add or
subtract weights according to his or her level of muscle
development and fitness.
[0009] More recently, exercise devices that include alternative
resistance elements have become popular. For example, the Life
Cycle manufactured by Balley Manufacturing, is a stationary
exercise bike that incorporates an automotive type alternator to
provide variable resistance that can be selected by the user
through a control panel. The resulting experience approximates that
of a person pedaling up or down a hill thereby producing an aerobic
workout. Furthermore, F. Joutras et al, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,954,621,
disclose a knee brace type joint having an electronic braking means
as resistance element. A controller can adjust the braking force on
the joint thereby providing resistance to flexion and extension in
a controlled manner. Additionally, M. Anjanappa, in his U.S. Pat.
No. 5,583,403, discloses an apparatus for use with exercise
machines to achieve programmable variable resistance. The machine
includes a motor and an attached magnetic clutch.
[0010] However, there are deficiencies in the above mentioned prior
art in that none of the prior art incorporates a programmably
controlled bi-directional resistance element built into specific
pieces of exercise equipment where a resistance element such as a
magnetic brake provides repeatable and instantly variable
resistance and where a single repetition or sequence of cycles of
repetitions of extension and flexion of two opposing muscle groups
can be instantly adjusted in varying degrees depending on the
location of the limb or torso being exercised. Additionally, the
Anjanappa patent discloses the use of a variable speed motor and is
designed to be attached to an existing piece of standard exercise
equipment. The present invention does not rely on a motor of any
kind and is designed as an integrated system of software and
hardware that results in a novel exercise apparatus.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The primary object of the invention is to provide an
exercise apparatus that allows bi-directional resistance during
use.
[0012] Another object of the invention is to provide an exercise
apparatus that produces balanced muscle development of opposing
muscle groups.
[0013] Another object of the invention is to provide an exercise
apparatus that can be programmed to produce variable resistance
within a single use cycle.
[0014] A further object of the invention is to provide an exercise
apparatus where the resistance load can be changed quickly without
getting out of the seat.
[0015] Yet another object of the invention is to provide an
exercise apparatus that eliminates uncontrolled spring back found
in traditional weight training machines.
[0016] Still yet another object of the invention is to provide an
exercise apparatus that is safer to use than to other one way
resistance exercise machines.
[0017] Another object of the invention is to provide an exercise
apparatus that can be quickly adjusted to adapt to various sized
users.
[0018] Another object of the invention is to provide an exercise
apparatus that can record and display historical information
regarding exercise performance of the user or users.
[0019] A further object of the invention is to provide an exercise
apparatus that is lighter than traditional adjustable weight type
machines.
[0020] Yet another object of the invention is to provide an
exercise apparatus that is easy to set up and use.
[0021] An additional object of the present invention is to provide
a bidirectional exercise device that allows the user to select
either resistance for extension or flexion for one half of the
cycle, and no significant resistance for the other half, allowing
the machine to function as two separate units, either flexion or
extension of a muscle group.
[0022] Another object of the invention is to provide firmware
design that can control an electronic brake or other electrically
controlled resistance element associated with bi-directional
exercise equipment.
[0023] A further object of the invention is to provide a firmware
design that can adjust resistance at different points along the
resistance and flexion halves of the exercise cycle.
[0024] Another object of the invention is to provide a firmware
design that can sense angular position offset and respond with
reset each time the direction of travel changes.
[0025] Other objects and advantages of the present invention will
become apparent from the following descriptions, taken in
connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein, by way of
illustration and example, an embodiment of the present invention is
disclosed.
[0026] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention,
there is disclosed a bi-directional resistance exercise apparatus
comprising: a chair portion including a seat, a backrest and
supporting legs, a pair of elongate padded ankle retaining members,
an elongate padded thigh retaining member, a first pivotally
mounted swing arm attached to said ankle retaining members, a
second pivotally mounted swing arm attached to said thigh retaining
member, said pivot pins mounted to and through the side wall of a
control box, said control box containing a variable resistance
mechanism such as a magnetic brake, a pulley attached to the shaft
of said brake, a larger arc reducing pulley, a belt joining said
shaft pulley and said arc reducing pulley, said ankle pivot pin
fixedly attached to the central aperture of said larger arc
reducing pulley, and a micro-processor or personal computer and
associated software that is attached to said variable resistance
mechanism so that the resistance can be controlled by said
computer, wherein said computer retains custom software that allows
the user to select from pre-programmed resistance levels or
manually adjust the resistance of the inward and outward stroke of
said second swing arm and attached ankle retaining members when a
user flexes his or her thigh muscles.
[0027] Additionally, there are disclosed adjustment mechanisms for
exercise equipment comprising: a seat servo motor, a seat position
sensor, a micro sensor, an input keyboard, a thigh servo motor, a
thigh retaining pad, a thigh pad pressure sensor, a leg length
servo motor, a pair of ankle pads, and an ankle space adjusting
servo motor, said servo motors mounted in conjunction with standard
components of a stationary exercise equipment apparatus so that
said servo motors can adjust the position of said exercise
equipment's seat, thigh pads and ankle retaining pads to the
measurements of a particular user.
[0028] Additionally, there is disclosed a bi-directional exercise
apparatus comprising: a chair portion including a seat, a backrest
support member and supporting legs, additional standard leg and arm
supporting and retaining members, a control box containing a
variable resistance mechanism such as an electromagnetic brake, a
microprocessor that controls the said variable resistance
mechanism, a positive force device such as an elecboth a muscle
group. The latter is accomplished by resistance in the first half
of the single muscle group cycle followed by a return force
produced by the machine in the other half of that cycle.
[0029] Finally, there is disclosed a firmware design for
bi-directional exercise equipment comprising: a microprocessor and
associated electronics for controlling the electronic resistance
mechanism of a bi-directional exercise device including, an RS-232
input port, an EEPROM, an angular position transducer reader, a
tirrcircuit, a force range reader, a brake force reader, a memory
stpower supply.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] The drawings constitute a part of this specification and
include exemplary embodiments to the invention, which may be
embodied in various forms. It is to be understood that in some
instances various aspects of the invention may be shown exaggerated
or enlarged to facilitate an understanding of the invention.
[0031] FIG. 1 is a left side perspective view of a bi-directional
quadriceps/hamstring exercise machine.
[0032] FIG. 2 is a left side view of a bi-directional
quadriceps/hamstring exercise machine.
[0033] FIG. 3 is a top view of a bi-directional
quadriceps/hamstring exercise machine.
[0034] FIG. 4 is a left perspective view of the inside of the
control box.
[0035] FIG. 5 is a right perspective view of the inside of the
control box.
[0036] FIG. 6 is a left side view of an overhead push/pull machine
at the end of a pull cycle.
[0037] FIG. 7 is a left side view of an overhead push/pull machine
at the end of a push cycle.
[0038] FIG. 8 is a right side view of an overhead push/pull machine
at the end of a pull cycle.
[0039] FIG. 9 is a right side view of an overhead push/pull machine
at the end of a push cycle.
[0040] FIG. 10 is right side view of an overhead push/pull machine
at the end of a push cycle with the seat adjusted down.
[0041] FIG. 11 is a left perspective view of a row, push/pull
machine at the end of a push cycle.
[0042] FIG. 12 is a right perspective view of a row, push/pull
machine at the end of a push cycle.
[0043] FIG. 13 is a left view of an abdominal/back machine with the
back support set in high position.
[0044] FIG. 14 is a left view of an abdominal/back machine with the
back support set in low position.
[0045] FIG. 15 is a left rear view of an abdominal/back machine in
the crunch or bent position.
[0046] FIG. 16 is a left front view of an abdominal/back machine in
the crunch or bent position.
[0047] FIG. 17 is a right view of an abdominal/back machine in the
crunch or bent position.
[0048] FIG. 18 is a right view of an abdominal/back machine in the
upright position.
[0049] FIG. 19 is a rear perspective view of a multi use exercise
machine.
[0050] FIG. 20 is a side perspective view of a multi use exercise
machine.
[0051] FIG. 21 is a side perspective view of a multi use exercise
machine set for row push/pull.
[0052] FIG. 22 is a side perspective view of a multi use exercise
machine set for row push/pull with the back support adjusted
inward.
[0053] FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a multi purpose exercise
machine set for quadriceps/hamstring.
[0054] FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a multi purpose exercise
machine set for abdominal/back.
[0055] FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a multi purpose exercise
machine set for biceps/triceps.
[0056] FIG. 26 is perspective view of a biceps/triceps exercise
machine.
[0057] FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a unidirectional
brake/motor assembly.
[0058] FIG. 28 is a chart showing a resistance curve for a
bi-directional system.
[0059] FIG. 29 is a chart showing a unidirectional resistance curve
in the first half of its cycle.
[0060] FIG. 30 is a chart showing a unidirectional resistance curve
in the second half of its cycle.
[0061] FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing the bi-directional
system.
[0062] FIG. 32 is a block diagram showing the unidirectional
system.
[0063] FIG. 33 is a right rear perspective view of a bi-directional
quadriceps/hamstring machine with thigh pad and servo motor.
[0064] FIG. 34 is a side view of the control box and thigh and
ankle pads for the bi-directional quadriceps/hamstring exercise
machine.
[0065] FIG. 35 is a perspective view of a bi-directional
quadriceps/hamstring exercise machine showing range of motion of
ankle pads.
[0066] FIG. 36 is a flow chart of the firmware process needed to
control a bi-directional exercise device.
[0067] FIGS. 2A through 2R shows the entire detailed flow diagram
of the software design of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0068] Detailed descriptions of the preferred embodiments are
provided herein. It is to be understood, however, that the present
invention may be embodied in various other forms. Therefore,
specific details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as
limiting, but rather as a basis for the claims and as a
representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to employ
the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed
system, structure or manner.
[0069] Referring now to FIG. 1 we see a perspective view of the
quadriceps/hamstring version of an exercise apparatus using the
unique continuous sequential bi-directional system of the present
invention. FIGS. 1 though 5 show a preferred embodiment of an
apparatus that is designed to exercise the quadriceps and hamstring
muscles, however, as will be described later in this patent, other
versions of exercise apparatus have been contemplated for
exercising other muscle groups such as biceps/triceps,
thoraco-lumbar/abdominal, chest/back, latissimus dorsi/pectorals
and others that employ a common bi-directional resistance muscle
training system for multiple groups of muscles.
[0070] In the quadriceps/hamstring version,there is a chair portion
comprised of a seat 32 and a backrest 33 supported by a standard
chair frame 24 which is known in the current art of exercise
equipment such as Nautilus and the like. Hand grips 14 allow the
user to retain greater control when doing the intended leg
exercise. A pair of ankle retaining elongate members, shown as an
upper pad 17 and a lower pad 16 are attached at one end to a leg
pivot arm 34 by input shaft 29. The leg pivot arm 34 is adjustable
in length by means of lead screw 20 and attached servo 13 which is
controlled by operator console 10. Lead screw 21 attached servo 15
enables the user to adjust the distance between ankle pads 16, 17
by input to the operator. console 10 as shown in FIG. 2. Continuing
with FIG. 2 we see adjustment knob 18 which allows the user to move
and fix the seat back 33 to an ideal location for the user. Thigh
retaining pad 11 is attached at one end to thigh pad pivot arm 36.
Adjustment knob 19 allows the user to adjust the angle of of pivot
arm 36 as it rotates about thigh pad pivot shaft 35. Counter weight
25 allows easy adjustment of thigh pivot arm 36. FIG. 3 shows a top
perspective view of the quadriceps/hamstring version of the
invention. Input shaft 22 penetrates control box in the shell of
housing 12 and, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, is attached to a large
pulley 26 which is in turn engaged, by drive belt 31, with small
pulley 27 which is fixidly attached to shaft 30, which in turn is
an output of electromagnetic brake 28. Brake 28 can produce
instantaneous varying resistance as directed by a micro-processor
or computer within console 10. In FIG. 1 this varying of resistance
is transferred to the ankle pads 16, 17 via the drive mechanism
described above. In this way, the user can experience varying
degrees of resistance on the quadriceps and hamstring muscles
within each cycle of the movement arc 23 in FIG. 2 as well as over
the course of a plurality of cycles of the movement arc 23. The
above described variable resistance electromagnetic brake assembly
allows for a smooth and gradual increase in resistance during the
first third of the upward movement of a body part such as a leg
then decreased resistance during the later portion of the upward
movement. On reversing movement, the force is also reversed. The
magnitude of the force is adjusted appropriately, with the maximum
resistance occurring at the end of the first third of the movement.
This relationship is shown in the force vs. distance curve in FIG.
28. The magnetic brake is a preferred resistance element. Other
resistance elements may be used including electromotive, fluid flow
restriction or simple mechanical resistance pads. Electrical power
is provided to the entire system by standard means such as AC
voltage found in homes or gyms, or by rechargeable batteries or the
like.
[0071] To prepare for use the user sits in the chair seat 32 in
FIG. 2, and adjusts the thigh pad 11 to firmly rest against his
leg, locking it in place with locking knob 19. The user's ankles
are placed behind and against the forward ankle pad 17. The leg
length of the machine is adjusted so the forward ankle pad 17 rests
at the ankle bend. To do this adjustment the user presses a switch
on the operator console 10 to activate the leg length servo-motor
13, to either raise or lower the ankle pad 17 assembly as required.
The user then presses a switch on the console 10 to activate ankle
pad servo motor 15 which moves the rear pad 16 until it firmly
contacts the back of his ankle. Each of these actions can be
accomplished with one finger. Because there are no heavy weights or
strong springs in the present invention, the position of moveable
members can be adjusted with minimal effort before the exercise
cycle begins.
[0072] To activate the system, the user accesses his personal
exercise program via the keyboard included with the the
micro-processor or computer within the operator console 10. If the
user has already programmed his information, the cycle can begin
immediately. Otherwise, the user will enter his specific physical
information, and a resistance cycle will be provided by the
operating program. Returning users can access their previous
workouts and modify the cycle if desired.
[0073] The user now begins the exercise cycle by lifting and
dropping his or her leg or legs as shown by movement arc 23, with
the display of operator console 10 providing information such as
number of cycles completed, relative performance, and number of
cycles remaining. A typical cycle will provide greater resistance
during the lift portion of the program than the return portion. The
ratio is preprogrammed so that an appropriate workout of the
agonist/antagonist groups, along with the stabilizers and
synergists, will occur. As each initial movement is completed and
motion stops, a wait period of approximately two tenths of a second
is provided. During this time the moveable machine member is
effectively locked in position, so that no force is required by the
user to maintain the resting position. At that time, opposing
muscles can get ready for the rest of the cycle. Visual and/or
auditory signals can be provided to indicate the end of the rest
period, and signal the user to resume movement.
[0074] To exit the system, the user unlocks the ankle pad 16 and
thigh pad 11 and exits the machine. The history of the workout can
be stored in the computer memory of the micro-processor within
console 10. Workout results can also be printed out or transferred
to a standard storage medium such as compact disk or the like.
Additionally, results can be transferred to a central computer
which could then integrate data and provide the user with a
complete workout analysis. The above described exercise apparatus
and the variations described below all produce balanced muscle
development of opposing muscle groups. The user may change
resistance levels without getting out of the seat of the apparatus.
Additionally, the apparatus can easily be adjusted to accommodate
various sizes of individuals. The apparatus is relatively light
compared to traditional weight based exercise machines. The
apparatus is easy to set up and use.
[0075] Referring now to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, we see a version of the
bi-directional resistance muscle training system that is designed
to exercise arm and shoulder muscles. To prepare to use the
apparatus the user sits down and adjusts the seat 113 for height,
so that the hand grips 110 can be grasped comfortably and inline
with the user's body plane. He or she then adjusts the thigh pad
112 using the thigh pad adjustment knob 117, so his legs are held
securely against the seat 113. The user can now select the desired
exercise routine using the control panel which is not shown, but is
similar to that shown and described in FIG. 1.
[0076] To use the overhead push/pull apparatus shown in FIG. 6, the
user pulls down on the hand grips 110, and the grips rotate about
the axis of rotation 118. This angular rotation is transmitted to
the input shaft 115 by a belt inside the hand grip support column
114. The input shaft 115 rotation transfers to the brake inside the
control box 116 through a gear set, which increases the angle of
rotation. The force applied by the brake is regulated by the
electronic controller, which detects the direction and position of
the hand grips 110 and generates a control signal to the brake,
based on the selected force curve. At the end of the downward
movement, the user pushes up on the hand grips 110, reversing the
rotation of the input shaft 115. The function of the control
circuit and brake are fully described in the detailed description
of the quadriceps/hamstring bi-directional resistance
equipment.
[0077] Referring now to FIGS. 9, 10, 11, 12, we see a version of
the invention that exercises the arms in a rowing, push/pull
manner. The user sits down and adjusts the seat 213 for proper
height, so that the hand grips 210 can be grasped comfortably and
properly positioned in line with the center of the user's pectoral
muscles. The user then adjusts the foot rest 214 for his leg
length, so as to provide support during the press cycle. The user
can now select the desired exercise routine using the electronic
input control panel as shown in FIG. 1.
[0078] The hand grips 210 are attached to the hand grip offset
member 218, and rotate about the axis of rotation 217. This
rotation drives a belt within the hand grip support column 211.
This belt drives the input shaft 215. The input shaft 215 is
connected to the brake through a gear set which increases rotation
angle. An electronic controller regulates the brake. The controller
detects the direction and position of the hand grips 210 and
generates a control signal to the brake, based on the selected
force curve. As the user pushes outward, the hand grips 210 rotate
about the axis of rotation 217, producing a large arc. The movement
is generally in the horizontal plane. The user's body is restrained
by pressure against the seat back 212, and seat 213. On pulling
back, the user applies pressure against the foot rest 214. The
function of the control circuit and brake is fully described in the
description of the quadriceps/hamstring exercise apparatus.
[0079] Referring now to FIGS. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 we see a
version of the invention that exercises the abdominal and back
muscles. The user sits down and adjusts the seat 314 for the proper
height, allowing a comfortable hold on the hand grips 310, with
elbows placed on the elbow pads 311. The user then adjusts the foot
rest 316 to the proper length, and tightens the ankle pads 315 to
securely hold his or her ankles. The user can now select the
desired exercise routine using the electronic input control panel
as shown in FIG. 1.
[0080] The user grasps the hand grips 310, applying pressure so
that his back is firmly pressed against the upper seat back 312. As
the user leans forward, the upper seat back 312 pivots about the
axis of rotation 317. This rotation is transferred to the input
shaft 318 by a drive belt within the seat back column 320. The user
then leans backward applying force to the seat back 312, reversing
the pivot angle, rotating the input shaft 318 in the opposite
direction. The input shaft 318 is connected to the brake inside the
control box 319, by way of a gear box which increases the angle of
rotation to the brake. The force applied by the brake is regulated
by an electronic control unit, which detects the direction and
position of the seat back 312, and generates a control signal to
the brake, based on the selected force curve. The function of the
control circuit and brake are fully described in the description of
the quadriceps/hamstring apparatus. FIG. 17 also shows clearly the
padded back rest 313.
[0081] Referring now to FIGS. 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, we see a
version of the invention that exercises several body muscle groups
and is therefore called a multiple muscle group personal use
system. Dotted line 410 shows the axis of rotation for the
overhead/row feature. The upper seat back 420 is adjustable 411 and
supported by fixed seat back column 419. Pads 412 act as elbow
rests as well as thigh pads. Hand grips 413 help the user during
the overhead/row exercise. The seat 418 is height adjustable 414.
Foot and ankle pads 415 allow the user to do leg exercises. Control
box 416 houses the magnetic brake and other mechanical elements
described in FIG. 1. The axis of rotation for doing
abdominals/lower back exercises is indicated by dotted line 417.
Front 421 and rear 422 input shafts transfer rotational movement to
the internal components in the control box 416. The row push/pull
arc is represented by curved line 423. The axis of rotation for
quadriceps/hamstring exercise is represented by dotted line 425.
The arc of movement for the abdominals/lower back exercise is
represented by curved line 426. In one embodiment hand grips 427
for use in arm exercises are used in place of the ankle pads 415.
Arc line 428 shows the rotational movement of hand grips 427. Elbow
pads 412 can be lowered to match seat height. The elbow pad/thigh
pad can be adjusted up and down by adjustable height column 430.
The seat is lowered 431 to provide proper rotation axis at the
user's elbow. Movable member 432 allows the user to do
quadriceps/hamstring as well as biceps/triceps exercises. Ankle
restraining pad 433 is added for quadriceps/hamstring exercises.
The actual patterns for exercising on the multiple use version of
the present invention have been previously described in the
alternate versions of the invention. These are designed to exercise
discrete muscle groups and therefore are not explained in detail in
the present multi use version. The present multi use version is
also designed for possible home use and is able to be folded for
storage.
[0082] FIG. 26 shows a version of the present invention that is
designed to exercise the biceps/triceps muscle groups. To prepare
to use the apparatus, the user adjusts the seat height 516 so that
his elbows rest comfortably on the elbow pad 513. The user then
adjusts the seat back 514 to provide proper positioning of his
chest against the elbow pads 513 rear face. The user can now select
the desired exercise routine using the electronic input control as
described in FIG. 1.
[0083] When the hand grips 510 are pulled up, the rotation is
transferred by the gear boxes 515, 515A to a common shaft 519,
which in turn is connected to the brake rotation 512 to be slightly
above the face of the elbow pad 513 and in line with the user's
elbow joint. This matches the elbow rotation axis and insures
safety and comfort for the user. The drive belt is fully encased
inside support column 511 for the elbow pad 513 and hand grip 510
assembly, providing protection to the user from possible pinch
point injury. When the user extends the triceps, the rotation is
reversed. The input rotation shaft 517 is connected to the brake
inside the control box 518. Gears increase the angle of rotation
from the input rotation shaft 517 to the brake. The brake force is
regulated by an electronic controller, which detects the direction
and position of the hand grips 510, and generates a control signal
to the brake, based on the selected force curve.
[0084] FIG. 28 shows a graph of the relationships of the basic
components of the resistance force unit of the bi-directional
resistance apparatus of the present invention. The bi-directional
quadriceps/hamstring machine can be used in the unidirectional
mode.
[0085] Referring back to FIG. 2, a person sits on chair seat 32 and
retains his or her ankles between cushioned supports 16, 17 and
thighs under restraining member 11. Member 11 can be adjusted to
the user by rotating bar 36 about pivot point 35. The user then
flexes his or her legs and causes swing rod assembly 20, 21 to
rotate about shaft 22 causing swinging action 23. A resistance
device such as an electromagnetic brake is located within housing
12. FIG. 27 shows the inside of housing 12 where brake 27
communicates with drive pulley 26 via drive belt 31. In the present
embodiments we have added an electric motor 40 whose shaft 42
engages with an electronically controlled slip clutch 44 which in
turn engages with reverse force drive belt 46. With the addition of
motor 40, the current exercise apparatus is programmed to apply a
return force on shaft 22 thereby simulating the effect of a stack
of weights forcing a user's arms, leg or torso to baseline during
the second half of the exercise cycle. The current apparatus can be
programmed to apply resistance to flexion or extension in the
initial half of the exercise cycle and to then apply an automatic
return force in the other half of the exercise cycle. In this way,
the user can have the feeling of a standard free weight exercise
machine and still retain all the advantages of the variable
resistance assembly as described in detail in the earlier portion
of the present description. For example, in the embodiment shown in
FIG. 27 the user can apply controlled resistance in the upward
swing or his or her lower legs and then, with the use of motor 40,
feel an automatic positive return force similar to that of a weight
stack during the downward swing. Alternately, the present exercise
apparatus can be programmed to provide resistance during the
downward motion of the user's leg and provide an automatic positive
force during the upward swing. As an alternatmechanism, instead of
slip clutch 44 supplying the variable force, a DC mot torque is
controlled by a microprocessor can be used to supply variable
force. Finally, other force means can be employed such as a brake,
air pressure or adjustable springs. An active device such as a
motor could cock the spring during the resistance cycle. At the end
of the first half cycle the spring would then engage the moveable
member and apply the automatic positive return force. It would also
be possible to have a weight stack incorporated, however this would
negate several of the advantages of the basic design. As with the
spring method, an active device such as a motor would drive the
weights during the resistance cycle, engaging them at the end of
the cycle and allowing gravity to produce the return force. FIG. 32
is a block diagram of this embodiment of the invention. This
diagram shows how the microprocessor interacts with the slip clutch
which in turn affects the movable member. The return motor is
attached to the slip clutch and affects the return half of the
exercise cycle. The electronic brake causes resistance during the
first half of the exercise cycle as described in the earlier
portion of the present description. FIG. 29 is a chart that shows
the resistance force during the first half of the cycle. FIG. 30 is
a chart showing the automatic positive rerun force during the
second half of the cycle.
[0086] Referring now to FIGS. 33, 34, 35 we see perspective views
of a stationary exercise apparatus. A servo motor 2 located on the
extension shaft 3 of the seat back 33 moves seat back 33 forward or
backward relative to the pivot point of the moveable member. The
actual position of the seat back 33 is determined by a standard
position sensor, not shown. The position of the seat back 33 is
moved based upon the information stored in microprocessor 60 via
input keyboard 10. A start up menu is used the first time they
engage the equipment. The user's profile is then saved in the
memory section of the microprocessor 60. A servo motor 4 is
attached to the rear extension of the thigh pad assembly 7 by way
of connection shaft 5 to extend, retract, raise or lower the thigh
pad 7 onto the user's thigh a shown in FIG. 34. The microprocessor
60 monitors the current to the servo 4 to insure that the holding
force does not become excessive. The microprocessor 60 also
determines the final position based on the setup values stored for
the user. The same menu used to adjust the seat back 33 is used to
store the initial position and force the the individual user. Upon
completing the thigh pad adjustment, the microprocessor then
adjusts the leg length 9 by use of a servo motor 1 as shown in FIG.
34. The servo motor 1 either raises or lowers the ankle pad
assembly 8 to the correct position. For the initial setup the same
menu is used to select the correct position of the ankle pad
assembly 8. The value is stored for the individual user. The
spacing between ankle pads 8 is adjusted by the user of a servo
motor 333. as shown in FIG. 34. The micro processor 60 activates
the servo motor 1 which moves the pads towards each other until the
correct force, as determined by load current of the servo motor 333
or position sensor, is achieved.
[0087] When the exercise apparatus is used for physical
rehabilitation, it is often desirable to limit the overall movement
of the individual members of the equipment. Using a separate setup
menu, the user or their trainer can enter the desired start and
stop locations. The start position and stop position can be entered
as angular values, or the moveable member can be positioned to the
desired point and the position measured by the microprocessor from
a standard internal position sensor, not shown. During use, when
the moveable member reaches either limit position, the force is
increased to a maximum value, stopping any further movement. After
a short delay, the force, produced by an internal resistance
mechanism housed in enclosure 12, is reduced, and the moveable
member allowed to reverse direction. If the movement direction is
not reversed, then the force again increases to maximum, preventing
further movement past the limit position. The system can be set at
a fixed position in order for the user to perform isometric
exercise. The system can be set to provide a fixed time at the
locked position. To do this, the user sits on the apparatus and
initiates a cycle. After all the predetermined adjustments are
made, the user raises his or her legs, and at the predetermined
position the moveable member locks. The force during the movement
portion can be programmed at an appropriate value, allowing a
variety of resistance from minimal to high. After the programmed
time duration, the microprocessor 60 indicates to the user that he
or she has completed the time and then slowly reduces the locking
force allowing the user to lower his or her legs. There may be
situations where dynamic levels to the holding force of the thigh
pad 7, ankle pads 8 or leg length setting might need to be adjusted
differently during the extension half of the cycle. This would
likely occur during a very rigorous training exercise or as part of
a physical rehabilitation program. The microprocessor can use the
directional information, provided by the internal angular position
sensor of the moveable member, to change the servo motors,
repositioning the seat back 33 thigh pad 7 and ankle pads 8 or leg
length. Obviously, any one of the adjustment mechanisms described
above can be used independently or in any combination with one
another. FIG. 35 shows ankle pads 8 in the down positron 8A and the
up position 8B.
[0088] Referring to FIG. 36, we see a flow chart of the unique
firmware process needed to control a bi-directional exercise
device. The numbering sequence used in FIG. 36 has no relation to
earlier numbering sequences used in the description of the physical
apparatus of the present invention. Accordingly, the user turns on
the power 2 and the microprocessor is initialized 4 clearing and
setting ports, variables, and other normal functions. The force
range is read 6. The angular position offset 8 is set to the
current position. The position transducer is read 10 and the RS 232
port is read 14. If the port input flag has been set 12, the system
will wait for data download. To set the input flag 12 the ASCI
character "a" is sent from an external computer through the RS 232
post. The system responds and the "SEND FILE" and waits for data.
The data is transferred as simple ASCI text, with the first line
indicating the relative storage address (zero to four) for the
EEPROM 16, and the next five hundred and twelve lines being
relative force values 18. The data is stored in non-volatile EEPROM
16. Upon completion of the data download, the program returns to
normal operation.
[0089] The system uses a floating start point 20 for each change in
angular direction 22. The angular position offset is the absolute
physical position of the moveable member as defined by the position
transducer 22 each time the direction changes. For each loop 50 of
the firmware, the position transducer is read 22. The value is
compared to the previous value. If the value does not change for
one hundred and fifty cycles (approximately one tenth of a second)
the brake force to increase to a high le32, 34 is compared to the
start point 6, 8 in order to define the relative movement. The
resolution of the system is on half of one degree, with each half
degree increment being able to have a different force value. If the
direction of movement changes 36, the angular position offset value
is reset 40. The stop counter is reset 38 and the offset value is
reset 40 to the new angular position. Each time prior to reading
the value from the force table memory 44, the force range switch 42
is read. This allows the user to change the force range 46 at any
point during the cycle. The signal 48 called "go to working"
instructs the system to loop back to the "working" 10 portion of
the microprocessor instruction set. FIGS. 2A through 2R shows the
entire detailed flow diagram of the software design of the present
invention. The user may stop at any point. Shut down requires only
tuning off the power 2
[0090] While the invention has been described in connection with a
preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the scope of the
invention to the particular form set forth. On the contrary, it is
intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents
as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as
defined by the appended claims.
* * * * *