U.S. patent application number 11/055630 was filed with the patent office on 2005-10-20 for green roofing apparatus, system and method.
Invention is credited to Ardron, Keith, Garner, Greg, Pearce, Kaaren, Sisler, Neil.
Application Number | 20050229535 11/055630 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34860475 |
Filed Date | 2005-10-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050229535 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Garner, Greg ; et
al. |
October 20, 2005 |
Green roofing apparatus, system and method
Abstract
The present invention teaches apparatus, systems and methods for
green roofing comprising interlocking and nesting panels on which
vegetation can be grown before the system is installed. Systems may
be installed on flat or pitched surfaces. The present invention
also teaches apparatus, systems and methods for affixing green
roofs to a roofing surface and apparatus, systems and methods for
the irrigation of green roofs.
Inventors: |
Garner, Greg; (Burford,
CA) ; Ardron, Keith; (Guelph, CA) ; Sisler,
Neil; (Brantford, CA) ; Pearce, Kaaren;
(Burford, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BERESKIN AND PARR
40 KING STREET WEST
BOX 401
TORONTO
ON
M5H 3Y2
CA
|
Family ID: |
34860475 |
Appl. No.: |
11/055630 |
Filed: |
February 11, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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60543911 |
Feb 13, 2004 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
52/783.11 ;
52/95 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01G 9/033 20180201;
E04D 11/002 20130101; Y02B 80/32 20130101; Y02A 30/254
20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
052/783.11 ;
052/095 |
International
Class: |
E04D 003/40; E04B
007/00; E04D 013/00; E04B 001/38; E04C 005/00; E04C 002/32; E04C
002/54 |
Claims
1. A roofing panel comprising: a carrier having a web with a top
portion; an anchor layer positioned adjacent the top portion of the
web; and a plurality of water retention compartments formed in the
web.
2. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein the anchor layer is affixed
to the top portion of the web.
3. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein at least some of the water
retention compartments have a volume of at least about 5 ml.
4. The roofing panel of claim 3 wherein at least some of the water
retention compartments have a volume of less than about 250 ml.
5. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein the water retention
compartments have a volume of at least about 5 ml.
6. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein the water retention
compartments have a volume of between about 5 ml and about 250
ml.
7. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein at least some of the water
retention compartments have a substantially circular cross-section
in a plane parallel to the top surface, and wherein at least some
of the water retention compartments have a diameter greater than 1
cm measured at the top surface.
8. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein a first group of water
retention compartments is formed adjacent a first edge of the
carrier and a second group of water retention compartments is
formed adjacent a second edge of the carrier, and wherein the first
group of water retention compartments is configured to nest in the
second group of water retention compartments of another such
roofing panel.
9. The roofing panel of claim 8 wherein the anchor layer extends
over the first group of water retention compartments but does not
extend over the second group of water retention compartments.
10. The roofing panel of claim 8 wherein a third group of water
retention compartments is formed adjacent a third edge of the
carrier and a fourth group of water retention compartments is
formed adjacent a fourth edge of the carrier, and wherein the third
group of water retention compartments is configured to nest in the
fourth group of water retention compartments of another such
roofing panel.
11. The roofing panel of claim 10 wherein the anchor layer extends
over the first group of water retention compartments but does not
extend over the second group of water retention compartments.
12. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein a first group of water
retention compartments is formed adjacent a first edge of the
carrier and a second group of water retention compartments is
formed adjacent a second edge of the carrier, and wherein the first
group of water retention compartments comprise male interlocking
means and the second group of water retention compartments comprise
female interlocking means, and wherein the first group of water
retention compartments is configured to interlock in the second
group of water retention compartments of another such roofing
panel.
13. The roofing panel of claim 12 wherein a third group of water
retention compartments is formed adjacent a third edge of the
carrier and a fourth group of water retention compartments is
formed adjacent a fourth edge of the carrier, and wherein the third
group of water retention compartments comprise male interlocking
means and the fourth group of water retention compartments comprise
female interlocking means, and wherein the third group of water
retention compartments is configured to interlock in the fourth
group of water retention compartments of another such roofing
panel.
14. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein drainage means are formed
in the carrier.
15. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein the anchor layer covers at
least a portion of the top portion of the web.
16. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein the anchor layer is
affixed directly to the carrier.
17. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein a porous filter is
disposed intermediate the anchor layer and the carrier.
18. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein the anchor layer is
affixed to the carrier by means selected from the group consisting
of welds, mechanical fasteners, chemical bonds, and heat bonds.
19. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein the anchor layer comprises
a plurality of fibers forming a porous three dimensional
structure.
20. The roofing panel of claim 1 wherein the anchor layer comprises
rock wool.
21. The roofing panel of claim 1 further comprising growth medium,
wherein the growth medium is disposed in the anchor layer.
22. The roofing panel of claim 1 further comprising vegetation,
wherein the vegetation comprises roots, and wherein the roots are
disposed in the anchor layer.
23. A roofing system comprising: a plurality of roofing panels
installed on an underlying surface, wherein each of the roofing
panels comprises a carrier having a web with a top portion, an
anchor layer positioned adjacent the top portion of the web, and a
plurality of water retention compartments formed in the web.
24. The roofing system of claim 23 wherein the anchor layer of each
roofing panel is affixed to the to the top portion of the web of
the roofing panel.
25. The roofing system of claim 23 wherein each a first roofing
panel includes a first group of water retention compartments formed
adjacent a first edge of the carrier of the first roofing panel and
a second roofing panel includes a second group of water retention
compartments formed adjacent a second edge of the carrier of the
second roofing panel, and wherein the first group of water
retention compartments is configured to nest in the second group of
water retention compartments.
26. The roofing system of claim 23 wherein each of at least two of
the roofing panels includes a first group of water retention
compartments formed adjacent a first edge of the carrier and a
second group of water retention compartments formed adjacent a
second edge of the carrier, and wherein the first group of water
retention compartments is configured to nest in the second group of
water retention compartments of another such roofing panel.
27. The roofing system of claim 26 wherein each of the at least two
of the roofing panels comprises a third group of water retention
compartments formed adjacent a third edge of the carrier and a
fourth group of water retention compartments formed adjacent a
fourth edge of the carrier, and wherein the third group of water
retention compartments is configured to nest in the fourth group of
water retention compartments of another such roofing panel.
28. The roofing system of claim 23 wherein at least one roofing
panel comprises a first group of water retention compartments
formed adjacent a first edge of the carrier and a second group of
water retention compartments formed adjacent a second edge of the
carrier, and wherein the first group of water retention
compartments comprise male interlocking means and the second group
of water retention compartments comprise female interlocking means,
and wherein the first group of water retention compartments is
configured to interlock in the second group of water retention
compartments of another such roofing panel.
29. The roofing system of claim 23 further comprising a connective
carrier having a first group of water retention compartments and
second group of water retention compartments wherein at least part
of the carrier of a first roofing panel is nested in the first
group of water retention compartments and at least part of the
carrier of a second roofing panel is nested in the second group of
water retention compartments.
30. The roofing system of claim 28 wherein the at least one roofing
panel comprises a third group of water retention compartments
formed adjacent a third edge of the carrier and a fourth group of
water retention compartments formed adjacent a fourth edge of the
carrier, and wherein the third group of water retention
compartments comprise male interlocking means and the fourth group
of water retention compartments comprise female interlocking means,
and wherein the third group of water retention compartments is
configured to interlock in the fourth group of water retention
compartments of another such roofing panel.
31. The roofing system of claim 23 further comprising fasteners,
wherein the fasteners couple at least a first roofing panel to a
second roofing panel.
32. The roofing system of claim 23 further comprising an edge
detail and fasteners, wherein the edge detail borders at least a
portion of at least one roofing panel, and wherein a first set of
fasteners couples the edge detail to the underlying surface.
33. The roofing system of claim 32 wherein a second set of
fasteners couples at least one roofing panel to the edge
detail.
34. The roofing system of claim 23 further comprising irrigation
means for providing water to at least a portion of the roofing
system.
35. The roofing system of claim 23 wherein drainage means are
formed in the carrier of at least one roofing panel.
36. The roofing system of claim 23 wherein the anchor layer covers
at least a portion of the top portion of the web of at least one
roofing panel.
37. The roofing system of claim 23 wherein the anchor layer is
affixed directly to the carrier of at least one roofing panel.
38. The roofing system of claim 23 wherein a porous filter is
disposed intermediate the anchor layer and the carrier of at least
one roofing panel.
39. The roofing system of claim 23 wherein the anchor layer is
affixed to the carrier of at least one roofing panel by means
selected from the group consisting of welds, mechanical fasteners,
chemical bonds, and heat bonds.
40. The roofing system of claim 23 wherein the anchor layer of at
least one roofing panel comprises a plurality of fibers forming a
porous three dimensional structure.
41. The roofing system of claim 23 wherein the anchor layer of at
least one roofing panel comprises rock wool.
42. The roofing system of claim 23 further comprising vegetation,
wherein the vegetation comprises roots, and wherein the roots are
at least partially disposed in the anchor layer of at least one
roofing panel.
43. The roofing system of claim 42 further comprising an erosion
control mesh covering position where an erosion control mesh covers
at least one roofing panel.
44. The roofing system of claim 23 wherein at least some of the
roofing panels comprise a growth medium disposed in the anchor
layer of such roofing panels.
45. The roofing system of claim 44 further comprising vegetation,
wherein the vegetation comprises roots, and wherein the roots are
at least partially disposed in the growth medium of at least some
of the roofing panels.
46. The roofing system of claim 42 further comprising an erosion
control mesh covering position where an erosion control mesh covers
at least one roofing panel.
47. The roofing system of claim 23 further comprising a substrate
sock positioned on one or more roofing panels, wherein the
substrate sock contains a growth medium.
48. The roofing system of claim 23 further comprising a peak
attachment adapter for receiving the carrier of a roofing
panel.
49. The roofing system of claim 48 wherein the peak attachment
adapter has a top flap, a bottom flap and a centre portion that
define a cavity for receiving the carrier of a roofing panel and
wherein the bottom flap is capable of attachment to the underlying
surface.
50. The roofing system of claim 48 wherein the peak attachment
means has a first cavity for receiving the carrier of a first
roofing panel and a second cavity for receiving the carrier of a
second roofing panel, and wherein the peak attachment means is
flexible to allow the first roofing panel to sit on a first
underlying surface and to allow the second roofing panel to sit on
a second underlying surface.
51. The roofing system of claim 50 wherein the first underlying
surface is at an angle to the second underlying surface.
52. The roofing system of claim 51 wherein the first cavity is
defined by a first top flap, a first bottom flap and a centre
portion and the second cavity is defined by a second top flap, a
second bottom flop and the centre portion and wherein the peak
attachment means is flexible adjacent said centre portion.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of green roofing.
More particularly, the invention relates to apparatus, systems and
methods for green roofing.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Green roofing involves the installation of green space on
the rooftops of buildings and on other structures. A green roof
extends the lifespan of traditional roofing materials, reduces
building cooling and heating energy costs, manages storm water
runoff, improves air quality, and creates a more esthetically
pleasing environment.
[0003] Notwithstanding the benefits of green roofing, there has
been relatively little prior development in the field. A typical
green roof includes a waterproof membrane disposed on the surface
of a roof, a drainage layer comprising gravel or another suitable
material, a filter membrane, growth medium that may be loose or
contained, for example, in a mat made of rock wool, and vegetation
such as herbs, grasses, mosses, wild plants and flowers, and other
plants.
[0004] Typically, a green roof is installed directly on the surface
of a roof. There are several problems associated with these current
technologies. The vegetation of green roofs installed directly on
the surface of a roof is typically grown from seed on the roof
after the other components of the green roof are installed. This
growing period results in increased maintenance costs, loss of
growth medium from wind erosion and other natural forces, and
delays the realization of benefits from the green roof. Green roofs
installed in this fashion are also typically permanent fixtures
and, as such, render repairs to the underlying roof very expensive.
In addition to these problems, green roofs installed directly on
the surface of a roof typically lack water retention means other
than those inherent in the vegetation and growth medium. This
results in less efficient management of storm water runoff, as well
as increasing the maintenance required by the green roof during dry
seasons, such as watering.
[0005] Thus, there is a need for an improved green roofing
apparatus, system, and method.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] In a broad aspect of the invention, there is provided a
roofing panel comprising a carrier having a web with a top portion,
an anchor layer positioned adjacent the top portion of the web, and
a plurality of water retention compartments formed in the web.
[0007] In another broad aspect of the invention the anchor layer is
affixed to the top portion of the web.
[0008] In another broad aspect of the invention, there is provided
a roofing system comprising a plurality of roofing panels installed
on an underlying surface. Each of the roofing panels comprises a
carrier having a web with a top portion, an anchor layer positioned
adjacent the top portion of the web, and a plurality of water
retention compartments formed in the web.
[0009] In another broad aspect of the invention the anchor layer of
each roofing panel of the system is affixed to the to the top
portion of the web of the roofing panel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 is a top view of a green roofing panel.
[0011] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a green roofing
panel.
[0012] FIG. 3 is a top view of another embodiment of a green
roofing panel.
[0013] FIG. 4 is a top view of another embodiment of a green
roofing panel.
[0014] FIG. 5 is a top view of another embodiment of a green
roofing panel.
[0015] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a
green roofing panel.
[0016] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a
green roofing panel.
[0017] FIG. 8 is a top view of a green roofing panel having
drainage means.
[0018] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a green roofing panel
having drainage means.
[0019] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a
carrier.
[0020] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a
carrier.
[0021] FIG. 12 is a top view of a green roofing panel having
drains.
[0022] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a drain.
[0023] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of interlocking water
retention compartments.
[0024] FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of interlocking water
retention compartments.
[0025] FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a water retention
compartment.
[0026] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a
water retention compartment.
[0027] FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of nesting water retention
compartments.
[0028] FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of nesting water retention
compartments.
[0029] FIG. 20 is a top view of another embodiment of a
carrier.
[0030] FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a green roofing panel
having a filter.
[0031] FIG. 22 is a top view of a green roofing system.
[0032] FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a green roofing
system.
[0033] FIG. 24 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a green
roofing system.
[0034] FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of an installed green
roofing system.
[0035] FIG. 26 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a green
roofing system.
[0036] FIG. 26B is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a
green roofing system.
[0037] FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of an edge detail.
[0038] FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of a green roofing system
installed with an edge detail.
[0039] FIG. 29 is a top view of an embodiment of a green roofing
system.
[0040] FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a
green roofing system.
[0041] FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a
green roofing system.
[0042] FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a
green roofing system.
[0043] FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a
green roofing system.
[0044] FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a
green roofing system.
[0045] FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a
green roofing system.
[0046] FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a
green roofing system.
[0047] FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a
green roofing system.
[0048] FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view of a green roofing system
installed with a tension system.
[0049] FIG. 39 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a green
roofing system.
[0050] FIG. 39B is a perspective view of an embodiment of a green
roofing system.
[0051] FIG. 39C is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a
green roofing system.
[0052] FIG. 40 is a top view of a green roofing system with
irrigation means.
[0053] FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view of a green roofing system
with irrigation means.
[0054] FIG. 42 is a side view of a bracket.
[0055] FIG. 43 is a top view of a green roofing system with
irrigation means and sprinklers.
[0056] FIG. 44 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a green
peak attachment adapter.
[0057] FIG. 45 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a green
roofing system.
[0058] FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a
green roofing system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[0059] Reference is first made to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 is a top
view of a green roofing panel 100 according to the present
invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of panel
100 as viewed from the line 2-2. Panel 100 is shaped and sized in
order to fit the area in which it is to be installed. Typically,
panel 100 is rectangular having first sides 102 between 0.5 m and
100 m in length and second sides 104 between 0.5 m and 4 m in
length. Panel 100 includes a carrier 108 and an anchor layer 106.
Carrier 108 is formed of a web 110 with a plurality of water
retention compartments 112 formed in web 110.
[0060] Typically, a system comprising several panels 100 is used to
grow vegetation on the roof of a building. Vegetation is grown in
anchor layer 106, and water retention compartments 112 serve to
store water supplied to the system for consumption by
vegetation.
[0061] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, anchor layer 106 is affixed to
carrier 108. Anchor layer 106 can be affixed to carrier 108 by any
suitable means including, but not limited to, chemical bonds, heat
bonds, mechanical bonds, and mechanical fasteners such as rivets,
stitching, clips, screws, nuts, or bolts, and combinations thereof.
Anchor layer 106 is positioned on carrier 108 such that one or more
water retention compartments 112 are left uncovered by anchor layer
106.
[0062] Reference is next made to FIG. 3, which illustrates a panel
300 according to the invention. Panel 300 is similar to panel 100
and corresponding components are identified with similar reference
numerals. Panel 300 has an anchor layer 306 positioned on a carrier
308 such that the anchor layer 306 is bordered by two rows of
exposed water retention compartments 312 on all four sides.
[0063] Reference is next made to FIG. 4, which illustrates a panel
400 according to the invention. Panel 400 is similar to panel 100
and corresponding components are identified with similar reference
numerals. Panel 400 has an anchor layer 406 positioned on a carrier
408 such that anchor layer 406 is bordered by four rows of water
retention compartments 412 on two adjacent sides.
[0064] Reference is next made to FIG. 5, which illustrates a panel
500 according to the invention. Panel 500 is similar to panel 100
and corresponding components are identified with similar reference
numerals. Panel 500 has an anchor layer 506 positioned on a carrier
508 such that all water retention compartments 512 are covered by
anchor layer 506.
[0065] Typically, anchor layer 106 is porous sheet of regular or
irregular three-dimensional mesh or screen. For example, anchor
layer 106 may be a sheet of intertwined fibers, wire, or coated
wire. Anchor layer 106 can be made of any suitable material
including, but not limited to, plastics such as such as polyester,
polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polypropylene, wires made of
metals such as steel and copper, organic materials such as hemp,
rockwool, wood fibers, and coconut fibers, and combinations
thereof.
[0066] Anchor layer 106 may have any dimensions suitable for a
particular embodiment. In one embodiment, anchor layer 106 is
between 0.1 cm and 20 cm thick.
[0067] Carrier 108 can be made of any suitable material including,
but not limited to, rubber, and plastics such as polyester,
polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, and combinations
thereof. In some embodiments, carrier 108 is made of a plastic that
is sufficiently flexible such that panel 100 can be rolled by hand
and cut with hand tools.
[0068] Reference is now made to FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG. 6 is a
perspective view of another embodiment of a green roofing panel 600
according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is cross-sectional view
of a portion of panel 600. Panel 600 is similar to panel 100 and
corresponding components are identified with similar reference
numerals.
[0069] As shown in FIG. 6, an anchor layer 606 is affixed to a
carrier 608 by rivets 614, but may be attached by other suitable
fasteners such as plastic welding (shown at 615) stitching, clips,
screws, nuts, or bolts, and combinations thereof, for example. In
the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, anchor layer 606 is made of
a porous material of tightly intertwined fibers commonly referred
to as rock wool. In use, anchor layer 606 provides a means for
supporting the growth of vegetation. Typically, the roots of
vegetation propagate into, and become entangled in, anchor layer
606. By this, anchor layer 606 provides physical support to the
vegetation. Anchor layer 606 also retains water and nutrients that
are supplied to it and in turn supplies the water and nutrients to
the vegetation. Anchor layer 606 may also be impregnated with a
growth medium or covered in growth medium. Growth medium may be
chosen from a variety of materials. For example, many soils, sands,
and gravels may be used. As well, clay, gravel, fertilizer, peat,
compost, super-absorbent polymers, and combinations thereof may be
used in other embodiments, for example.
[0070] Plastic welding 615 is formed using an plastic injection
welder such the Drader Injectiweld manufactured by Drader
Injectiweld, Inc. of Edmonton, Canada. In practice, molten plastic
such as polyethylene or polypropylene, for example, is injected
into holes disposed in anchor layer 606 in fluid communication with
carrier 610. Once the plastic has cured, anchor layer 606 and
carrier 610 are connected by plastic weld 615.
[0071] In some embodiments, carrier 108 is water impermeable and
has no drainage means, it can act as a waterproofing layer.
[0072] Reference is now made to FIGS. 8 and 9, which illustrate
various alternatives for carrier 108, shown at 808. Carrier 808 is
similar to carrier 108 and corresponding components are identified
with similar reference numerals. Carrier 808 has drainage means
816. Drainage means 816 can be on web 810, or in Water retention
compartments 812, or both. In some embodiments drainage means 816
are holes penetrated through web 810, or water retention
compartments 812, or both. The location, number and dimensions of
drainage means 816 are determined by design parameters such as
climate, water or drainage requirements for the green roofing
system, and the ability of the underlying roof to support the
weight of water held by the green roofing system. For example, in
wet climates, greater drainage can be accomplished with a greater
number of holes or larger holes or both. The location of drainage
means 816 in water retention compartments 812 also controls
drainage. The closer drainage means 816 are to the bottom of water
retention compartment 812 the less water will be retained.
[0073] Reference is now made to FIGS. 10 and 11, which illustrate
perspective views of further embodiments of carrier 108, shown at
1008 and 1108 respectively, corresponding components are identified
with similar reference numerals. Carriers 1008, 1108 have drainage
means 1016, 1116, but are otherwise similar to carrier 108 and
corresponding components are identified with similar reference
numerals.
[0074] Also shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 are different arrangements of
rows of water retention compartments 1012, 1112. In the embodiment
shown in FIG. 11, the water retention compartments 1112 are
arranged in a side-by-side configuration. In the embodiment shown
in FIG. 10, water retention compartments 1012 are arranged in a
staggered configuration. In other embodiments, different
arrangements are also possible, for example.
[0075] Reference is now made to FIGS. 12 and 13. FIG. 12
illustrates a top view of another embodiment of green roofing panel
1200 having drains 1218. Panel 1200 is similar to panel 100 and
corresponding components are identified with similar reference
numerals. FIG. 13 is a perspective view of drain 1218 with a cap.
1219. Sections of panel 1200 are removed such that drains 1218 can
be installed. The number, dimensions, and locations of drains 1218
are determined based on the expected precipitation. Drains 1218 are
particularly suited to wet climates, and for locations where the
temperature drops below freezing. Drain 1218 is a pipe 1220 with
one or more drain holes 1222 penetrated through its walls. The
length of drain 1218 depends on design parameters, but drain 1218
should extend from underlying surface 2224 beyond the expected
height of growth medium 2226 (shown in FIG. 23). Pipe 1220 can be
made of any suitable material including, but not limited to,
rubbers, plastics and metals.
[0076] In another embodiment (not shown) pipe 1220 is a shaped
porous mesh. The mesh can be made of any suitable material
including, but not limited to, rubbers, plastics and metals.
[0077] Reference is now made to FIGS. 14 and 15, which illustrate
cross-sectional views of interlocking water retention compartments
1412A and 1412B, of panels 1400A and 1400B, respectively. Water
retention compartments 1412A, 1412B are similar to water retention
compartments 112, and panels 1400 are similar to panels 100, and
corresponding components are identified with similar reference
numerals. In some embodiments, water retention compartments 1412A,
1412B are formed such that the outer surface has a first
interlocking member 1428 and the inner surface has a second
interlocking member 1430. Water retention compartments 1412A, 1412B
are interlocked by pressing first interlocking member 1428 of one
water retention compartment 1412A into second interlocking member
1430 of another water retention compartment 1412B. Interlocked
water retention compartments 1412A, 1412B can be pulled apart. In
some embodiments water retention compartments 1412A, 1412B can be
interlocked by an interference fit.
[0078] Reference is now made to FIGS. 16 and 17. FIG. 16 is a
perspective view of water retention compartment 1612. FIG. 17
illustrates a side view of another embodiment of water retention
compartment 1712. Water retention compartments 1612 and 1712 are
similar to water retention compartments 112, and corresponding
components are identified with similar reference numerals.
[0079] Water retention compartments 112 can be any practical size
or shape. The volume of a water retention compartment 112 may range
from 5 ml to 250 ml.
[0080] Reference is now made to FIGS. 18 and 19, which show
cross-sectional views of an embodiment of nesting water retention
compartments 1812A and 1812B, of two separate panels 1800A and
1800B, respectively. Water retention compartments 1812A, 1812B are
similar to water retention compartments 112, and panels 1800A,
1800B are similar to panels 100, and corresponding components are
identified with similar reference numerals. Water retention
compartments 1812A, 1812B are formed such that the outer surface of
a water retention compartment 1812A is receivable by another water
retention compartment 1812B, as shown. In this way panels 1800A and
1800B can be connected to each other by overlapping panel 1800B
with panel 1800A such that a row of water retention compartments
1812A in panel 1800A nest in a corresponding row of water retention
compartments 1812B in panel 1800B. Optionally, panels 1800A and
1800B may be affixed to each other by fasteners 1832, as shown in
FIGS. 18 and 19. Suitable fasteners include rivets, staples,
stitching, clips, screws, nuts and bolts, and combinations thereof,
for example. Chemical bonds, heat bonds, and other adhesives such
as plastic welding may also be used to affix separate panels 1800A
and 1800B to each other.
[0081] Reference is now made to FIG. 20. FIG. 20 illustrates a top
view of another embodiment of carrier 2008. Carrier 2008 is similar
to carrier 108, and corresponding components are identified with
similar reference numerals. In this embodiment one or more water
retention compartments 2012A are of lesser volume than remaining
water retention compartments 2012B such that interlocking first
interlocking members 2028 (not shown) with second interlocking
members 2030 (not shown) is facilitated.
[0082] Reference is now made to FIG. 21. FIG. 21 illustrates a
cross-sectional view of another embodiment of panel 100, shown at
2100. Panel 2100 is similar to panel 100, and corresponding
components are identified with similar reference numerals. A filter
2134 is disposed between a carrier 2108 and an anchor layer
2106.
[0083] In this embodiment, anchor layer 2106 and filter 2134 can be
affixed to each other and to carrier 2108 by any suitable means
including, but not limited to, chemical bonds, heat bonds, and
mechanical fasteners such as rivets or stitching, and by plastic
welding. Anchor layer 2106 and filter 2134 are positioned on
carrier 2108 such that one or more water retention compartments
2112 are left uncovered by anchor layer 2106 and filter 2134.
[0084] Filter 2134 may be of any suitable water permeable material
that impedes the passage of growth medium 2226 (FIG. 23), such
materials include, but are not limited to, polyester, cotton,
rock-wool, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments filter
2134 is a woven material. Filter 2134 may have any practical
dimensions as design parameters permit. In one embodiment filter
2134 is between 0.01 mm and 80 mm thick.
[0085] Reference is now made to FIGS. 22 and 23. FIG. 22
illustrates a top view of an embodiment of a green roofing system
2236 according to the present invention. In this embodiment, green
roofing system 2236 is partially installed and covers an underlying
surface 2224 surrounded by a curb 2238. FIG. 23 illustrates a
cross-sectional view of a portion of green roofing system 2236.
Green roofing system 2236 includes panels 2200A and 2200B but more
panels may be used, growth medium 2226, and vegetation 2240. Green
roofing system 2236 may be used with all embodiments of green
roofing panels 100.
[0086] Panels 2200A and 2200B are connected by interlocking, or
nesting, water retention compartments 2212 as described above.
Water retention compartments 2212 of panel 2200A are interlocked
(or nested) with corresponding water retention compartments 2212 of
panel 2200B. As many or as few water retention compartments 2212
may be interlocked (or nested) as are required to securely install
green roofing system 2236.
[0087] Growth medium 2226 may be any medium suitable for growing
vegetation 2240 including, but not limited to, soil, sand, clay,
gravel, fertilizer, peat, compost, super-absorbent polymers, and
combinations thereof.
[0088] Vegetation 2240 includes, but is not limited to, herbs,
grasses, mosses, wild plants, wild flowers, other plants, and
combinations thereof.
[0089] Green roofing system 2236 may be installed on any suitable
surface including, but not limited to, flat roofs, pitched roofs,
and vertical walls.
[0090] In some embodiments (not shown) green roofing system 2236
comprises bubble foil disposed between panel 2200 and underlying
surface 2224. Bubble foil acts as an insulator and a vapor barrier.
In some embodiments bubble foil is rFOIL marketed by TVM Building
Products of Ontario, Canada.
[0091] Reference is now made to FIG. 46. FIG. 46 is a perspective
view of another embodiment of green roofing system 2436 according
to the present invention. The components of green roofing system
4636 are similar to those of system 2236, and corresponding
components are identified with similar reference numerals. As
shown, adjacent panels 4600A, 4600B are nested in a connective
carrier 4608. This configuration is suitable for situations where
it is preferable not to overlap panels 4600.
[0092] Reference is now made to FIG. 24. FIG. 24 is a perspective
view of another embodiment of green roofing system 2436 according
to the present invention. The components of green roofing system
2436 are similar to those of system 2236, and corresponding
components are identified with similar reference numerals. As
shown, green roofing system 2436 comprises multiple panels 2400
installed on an underlying surface 2424.
[0093] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 24, a waterproof roofing
membrane 2442 is shown intermediate green roofing panels 2400 and
underlying surface 2424. In some applications, it is desirable to
have a waterproof membrane 2442 positioned directly under green
roofing panels 2400. Such membranes 2442 may also serve as a root
barrier to prevent unwanted propagation of roots from vegetation
2440, especially in cases where drainage means 2416 are employed.
Alternatively, a separate membrane (not shown) may be employed as a
root barrier. In other embodiments, such as where a green roofing
system is installed on a wooden deck, for example, the roofing
membrane 2442 may be not be in direct contact with panels 2400.
Drains 2418 are also shown in the embodiment shown in FIG. 24.
[0094] As shown in FIG. 24, green roofing system 2436 is bordered
by an edge detail 2444. Edge detail 2444 serves to define the outer
edge of green roofing system 2436 and supports green roofing system
2436 on underlying surface 2424. Edge detail 2444 may be made of
aluminum, galvanized steel, plastic, wood or another suitable
material.
[0095] An erosion control mesh 2445 is also shown in the embodiment
of green roofing system 2436 illustrated in FIG. 24. Erosion
control mesh 2445 is placed over panels 2400, and is used to cover
green roofing system 2436 as required to provide additional support
to vegetation 2440 as it grows through openings 2447 of erosion
control mesh 2445. Erosion control mesh 2445 can be made from a
variety of plastics and metals and typically will have openings
ranging from 1 cm to 25 cm. The erosion control mesh 2445 with
openings 2447 outside of this range may also be used. The size of
suitable openings 2447 depends on the types of vegetation 2440
grown. The dimensions of erosion control mesh 2445 are variable,
but typically sheets between 1 mm and 10 mm in thickness and 0.5 m
to 2 m in width will be cut from a roll in lengths as needed.
[0096] Reference is now made to FIG. 25. FIG. 25 illustrates a
cross-sectional view of an embodiment of green roofing system 2536
installed on an underlying surface 2524. The components of green
roofing system 2536 are similar to those of system 2236, and
corresponding components are identified with similar reference
numerals. A panel 2500 is bent and affixed to a curb 2538 by
fasteners 2546. Fasteners 2546 can be any suitable fasteners
depending on the characteristics of curb 2538. For example,
fasteners 2546 include nails, screws, concrete nails, lags, nuts,
bolts, and combinations thereof. Roofing sealant (not shown) is
disposed between panel 2500 and curb 2538. In another embodiment
(not shown), green roofing system 2536 is affixed to underlying
surface 2524 by fasteners 2546 and may or may not be affixed to
curb 2538.
[0097] A perspective view of another embodiment of green roofing
system 2236 according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 26
at 2636. The components of green roofing system 2636 are similar to
those of system 2236, and corresponding components are identified
with similar reference numerals. FIG. 26 shows an edge detail 2644
affixed to a paving stone 2648 by fasteners 2646 (not shown). Also,
as shown, a flashing 2650 covers panels a 2600 and a curb 2638 and
adds additional structural integrity to green roofing system 2636.
Typically flashing 2650 will be made of aluminum, galvanized steel,
or plastic, however, in other embodiments other materials may be
used.
[0098] Also shown in FIG. 26 is a substrate 2651 containing growth
medium 2626. A cross sectional view of multiple substrate socks
2651 is shown in the embodiment of green roofing system 2636
illustrated in FIG. 26B. Substrate sock 2651 can be made from a
variety of porous synthetic and natural materials. For example
substrate sock 2651 may be woven from a plastic such as polyester,
or a natural material such as hemp. Typically, substrate sock 2651
will have a generally tubular shape ranging with a diameter of 2 cm
or more. In one embodiment, substrate socks with a diameter ranging
from 10 cm to 60 cm is used. A substrate sock may dimensions
outside of these ranges. The length of substrate sock 2651 will
vary depending on the required application, but will typically be
50 cm or longer. For example, an embodiment may have a plurality of
substrate socks ranging from 0.5 m to 25 m in length. In other
embodiments, a substrate sock may have a length outside these
ranges. Substrate sock 2651 can serve a variety of functions. For
example, substrate sock 2651 can be used to weigh down green
roofing panels 2600 in order to mitigate against uplift forces on
panels 2600 created by wind. For this purpose, substrate sock 2651
will typically be positioned around the outer edges of green
roofing system 2636 closest to the edge of underlying surface 2624.
Substrate sock 2651 also serves another means in which for
vegetation 2640 to grow. By virtue of the porous structure of
substrate sock 2651, vegetation 2640 is able to grow in growth
medium 2626 in substrate sock 2651 and at least partially cover
substrate sock 2651. Substrate sock 2651 can also serve to create
landscaping effects.
[0099] Reference is now made to FIGS. 27 and 28. FIG. 27 is a
cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an edge detail 2744. FIG.
28 illustrates a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a
green roofing system 2736 interlocked with edge detail 2744
installed on an underlying surface 2724. The components of green
roofing system 2736 are similar to those of system 2236, and
corresponding components are identified with similar reference
numerals. Edge detail 2744 has interlocking means 2754
corresponding with a first interlocking member 1428 and a second
interlocking member 1430 of panels 1400 such that edge detail 2744
and panels 1400 can be interlocked. Edge detail 2744 surrounds
outer edge of green roofing system 2736. Edge detail 2744 can be
made of any suitable material including, but not limited to, rubber
and plastics such as polyester, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride,
polypropylene, and metals such as aluminum and galvanized steel,
and combinations thereof.
[0100] Ballast 2756 placed in ballast zone 2758 affixes green
roofing system 2736 to underlying surface 2724. Ballast 2756
includes, but is not limited to, gravel, cinder blocks, brick,
crushed stone, sand, river-rock, and combinations thereof. In some
embodiments, edge detail 2744 is affixed to underlying surface 2724
by fasteners 2746 (not shown). In some other embodiments ballast
2756 is placed at various locations on green roofing system
2736.
[0101] Reference is now made to FIG. 29, which shows a top view of
an embodiment of nested panels 2900. Panels 2900 are similar to
panels 100, and corresponding components are identified with
similar reference numerals. As shown, panels 2900 have been cut to
so as to accommodate an angled joint 2960. Panels 2900 may be cut
to almost any shape so as to accommodate a particular geometry of
an underlying surface 2924. For example, panels 2900 could be cut
so as to fit around chimneys or air ducts located on underlying
surface 2924. As shown in FIG. 29, panels 2900 along angled joint
2960 do not overlap each other. Instead, an edge detail 2944A and
2944B (shown in heavy broken lines) are disposed under panels 2900
(as described above) and abut to form angled joint 2960, as shown.
While an angled joint 2960 is shown in FIG. 29, it will be obvious
to one skilled in the art that similar panels 2900 can be made to
accommodate almost any geometry.
[0102] Reference is made to FIG. 30, which shows a cross-sectional
view of another embodiment of green roofing system 2236 at 3036
according to the present invention. The components of green roofing
system 3036 are similar to those of system 2236, and corresponding
components are identified with similar reference numerals. In this
embodiment growth medium 3026 is disposed in water retention
compartments 3012, as shown. Growth medium 3026 may serve several
purposes. If less water retention capacity is desirable, for
example, gravel may be used to partially fill the volume of water
retention compartments 3012. In other applications, growth medium
may be chosen based on the nutrient requirements of vegetation.
[0103] A cross-sectional view of another embodiment of green
roofing system 2236 according to the present invention is shown at
3136 in FIG. 31. The components of green roofing system 3136 are
similar to those of system 2236, and corresponding components are
identified with similar reference numerals. In this embodiment an
edge detail 3144 is affixed to an underlying surface 3124 by
fastener 3146, and a panel 3100 abuts edge detail 3144 and fastener
3146.
[0104] A cross-sectional view of another embodiment of green
roofing system 2236 according to the present invention is shown at
3236 in FIG. 32. The components of green roofing system 3236 are
similar to those of system 2236, and corresponding components are
identified with similar reference numerals. In this embodiment, a
paving stone 3262 is disposed on a panel 3200 adjacent a divider
plate 3264. Divider plate 3264 is affixed to a carrier 3208 by a
fastener 3232 as shown. Typically divider plate 3264 will be made
of aluminum, galvanized steel, or plastic, however, in other
embodiments other materials may be used.
[0105] A cross-sectional view of another embodiment of green
roofing system 2236 according to the present invention is shown at
3336 in FIG. 33. The components of green roofing system 3336 are
similar to those of system 2236, and corresponding components are
identified with similar reference numerals. In this embodiment
anchor layers 3306 are disposed on opposite sides of a divider
plate 3364, and divider plate 3364 is affixed to a carrier 3308 by
a fastener 3332 as shown. Additionally, growth medium 3326 is
disposed on an anchor layer 3306 to provide additional support for
vegetation 3340.
[0106] A cross-sectional view of another embodiment of green
roofing system 2236 according to the present invention is shown at
3436 in FIG. 34. The components of green roofing system 3436 are
similar to those of system 2236, and corresponding components are
identified with similar reference numerals. In this embodiment,
growth medium 3426 is disposed to form a hill 3466 on an anchor
layer 3406 with vegetation 3440. Additionally, a roofing membrane
3442 is disposed intermediate a panel 3400 and an underlying
surface 3424.
[0107] A cross-sectional view of another embodiment of green
roofing system 2236 according to the present invention is shown at
3536 in FIG. 35. The components of green roofing system 3436 are
similar to those of system 2236, and corresponding components are
identified with similar reference numerals. In this embodiment, an
erosion control mesh 3545 is shown with with vegetation 3440
growing through openings 3547.
[0108] A cross-sectional view of another embodiment of green
roofing system 2236 according to the present invention is shown at
3636 in FIG. 36. The components of green roofing system 3636 are
similar to those of system 2236, and corresponding components are
identified with similar reference numerals. In this embodiment, a
panel 3600 is secured to an anchor plate 3672 by a fastener 3646A
and anchor plate 3672 is secured to an underlying surface 3624 by
fasteners 3646B, as shown. A membrane 3642 is disposed intermediate
underlying surface 3624 and a carrier 3608. Fastener 3646A passes
through membrane 3642, and fasteners 3646B remain under membrane
3642.
[0109] Reference is now made to FIGS. 40, 41, and 42. FIG. 40
illustrates a top view of green roofing system 4036 and irrigation
means 4094. FIG. 41 illustrates a cross-sectional view of green
roofing system 4036 and irrigation means 4094. FIG. 42 illustrates
a side view of irrigation means 4094. Irrigation means 4094 include
irrigation pipes 4096 and brackets 4098. Irrigation means 4094 may
be used with all embodiments of green roofing system 4036.
[0110] Brackets 4098 are interlocked with panels 4900 and
irrigation pipe 4096 is fastened to brackets 4098.
[0111] Irrigation pipe 4096 can be made of any suitable material
including, but not limited to, rubbers, plastics and metals.
Irrigation pipe 4096 has water outlets 40100. Irrigation pipe 4096
can be in any size or shape as design parameters permit.
[0112] In one embodiment irrigation pipe 4096 is cylindrical having
a diameter between 0.5 cm and 20 cm. In another embodiment
irrigation pipe 4096 is a commercially available soaker hose, which
allows water to seep out through its outer walls.
[0113] Bracket 4098 includes a base 40102 and a clamp 40104. Base
40102 can be made of any suitable material including, but not
limited to, rubber and plastics such as polyester, polyethylene,
polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, and combinations thereof.
[0114] Base 40102 is interlocked with panel 4000. Base 40102 has
interlocking member 40106. Base 40102 can be interlocked with panel
4000 by pressing interlocking member 40106 into second interlocking
member 4030 of water retention compartment 4012. Interlocked base
40102 can be pulled out of water retention compartment 4012. In
some embodiments base 40102 and panel 4000 can be interlocked by an
interference fit.
[0115] Clamp 40104 can be any suitable mechanical fastening means.
In some embodiments clamp 40104 is a cable zip-tie. In another
embodiment clamp 40104 is a hose clamp.
[0116] Reference is now made to FIG. 43. FIG. 43 illustrates a top
view of green roofing system 4336 and of another embodiment of
irrigation means 4336. Irrigation means 4336 comprise sprinklers
43108. Sprinklers 43108 may be any suitable type including, but not
limited to, spray head, rotor head, oscillating, pop-up, and
combinations thereof. Irrigation pipes 4396 in this embodiment may
or may not have water outlets 40100.
[0117] A perspective view of another embodiment of green roofing
system 2236 according to the present invention is shown at 3936 in
FIG. 39. The components of green roofing system 3936 are similar to
those of system 2236, and corresponding components are identified
with similar reference numerals. In this embodiment, green roofing
system 3936 is installed on a pitched underlying surface 3924.
Panels 3900 overlap and are affixed to underlying surface 3924 by
fasteners 3946. In the embodiment shown, panels 3900 overlap in a
shingled fashion such that the panels 3900 are generally installed
moving up the pitch of underlying surface 3924, i.e. so that upper
panels 3900A overlap adjacent lower panels 3900B. Installing
roofing panels 3900 in this manner allows for panels 3900 to
replace roofing shingles that would normally be installed on a
pitched roof. Green roofing system 3936 is also supported by edge
detail 3944, which is affixed to underlying surface 3924 by
fasteners 3946 (not shown).
[0118] Additionally a peak attachment adapter 3962 is disposed
intermediate carrier 3908 and anchor layer 3906 of panels 3900
abutting at the peak of underlying surfaces 3924A. 3924B, as shown.
Peak attachment adapter 3962 is also shown in FIGS. 39B and 44.
FIG. 39B is a perspective view an embodiment of green roofing
system 3936 shown in FIG. 39, and corresponding components are
identified with similar reference numerals, but also includes a
side brace 3970. FIG. 44 is perspective view of peak attachment
adapter 3962. Peak attach adapter 3962 has top flaps 39118A, 39188B
which cover and are attach to a portion of carriers 3908A, 3908B,
and is affixed to carriers 3908 by fasteners 3932 (not shown). Peak
attachment adapter 3962 also includes bottom flaps 39120A, 39120B,
which attach to underlying surfaces 3924A, 3924B with fasteners
3946. As shown, carrier 3908 is received in a cavity defined
between top flap 39118 and bottom flap 39120. Peak attachment
adapter 3962 further comprises a centre portion 39122 and flex
grooves 39124, which facilitate bending of peak attachment adapter
3962 to accommodate the attachment angel between underlying
surfaces 3924A, 3924B. Typically attachment adapter 3962 will be
made of aluminum, galvanized steel, or plastic, however, in other
embodiments other materials may be used.
[0119] Reference is now made to FIG. 39C, which is a
cross-sectional view showing side brace 3970 illustrated in FIG.
39B. As shown, side brace 3970 is used to affix panel 3900 to
underlying surface 3924. As shown, side brace 3970 is affixed to
underlying surface 3924 by fasteners 3946, and is disposed
intermediate anchor layer 3906 and carrier 3908. Side brace 3970 is
affixed to carrier 3908 by bond 3971, as shown. Bond 3971 may be a
chemical bond, a heat bond, or plastic weld, for example.
Typically, side brace 3970 will be made of aluminum, galvanized
steel, or plastic, however, in other embodiments other materials
may be used.
[0120] A cross-sectional view of another embodiment of green
roofing system 2236 according to the present invention is shown at
3736 in FIG. 37. The components of green roofing system 3736 are
similar to those of system 2236, and corresponding components are
identified with similar reference numerals. In this embodiment,
system 3736 is shown mounted to an inclined underlying surface 3724
in proximity to a gutter 3774. An anchor 3706 is supported by an
end plate 3776, which is attached to a carrier 3708 by fastener
3732, and carrier 3708 is affixed to an under plate 3778 by
fastener 3746A. As shown, under plate 3778 is affixed to underlying
surface 3724 by fasteners 3746B and 3746C.
[0121] Reference is now made to FIG. 38. FIG. 38 illustrates a
cross-sectional view of another embodiment of green roofing system
3836 installed on an underlying surface 3824 with tension system
3880. The components of green roofing system 3836 are similar to
those of system 2236, and corresponding components are identified
with similar reference numerals. Tension systems 3880 are installed
around the outer edge of green roofing system 3836 as required to
secure installation. Tension system 3880 includes an edge detail
3844 comprising a bracing means 3882 attached to a tightening
bracket 3884. Tightening bracket 3884 is attached to a mechanical
fastener 3886 affixed to a face 3888 of underlying surface 3824.
Tightening bracket 3884 comprises male threaded rods 3890 and a
female linkage 3892. By turning female linkage 3892, tension is
applied to green roofing system 3836 as required to secure
installation. Male threaded rods 3890 and female linkage 3892 can
be made of any suitable material including, but not limited to,
metal and plastics.
[0122] A perspective view of another embodiment of green roofing
system 2236 according to the present invention is shown at 4536 in
FIG. 45. The components of green roofing system 4536 are similar to
those of system 2236, and corresponding components are identified
with similar reference numerals. In this embodiment, green roofing
system 4536 is installed on a pitched underlying surface 4524
abutting a parapet 45128. As shown, in this embodiment a peak
attachment adapter 4562 is attached to a carrier 4508 and an
underlying surface 4524 by fasteners 4546. In this embodiment, peak
attachment adapter 4562 comprises a top flap 45118A attached to
carrier 4508 and a top flap 45118B attached to underlying surface
4524, a centre portion 45122 is also attached to parapet 45128 by
fasteners 4546.
[0123] The invention has been described with regard to a number of
embodiments. However, it will be understood by persons skilled in
the art that other variations and modifications may be made without
departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims
appended hereto.
* * * * *