U.S. patent application number 10/805055 was filed with the patent office on 2005-09-22 for functionalized polymer composition for grease.
This patent application is currently assigned to The Lubrizol Corporation, a corporation of the State of Ohio. Invention is credited to Sivik, Matthew R., Twining, Steven R..
Application Number | 20050209114 10/805055 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34962677 |
Filed Date | 2005-09-22 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050209114 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Sivik, Matthew R. ; et
al. |
September 22, 2005 |
Functionalized polymer composition for grease
Abstract
A grease composition containing: (a) an esterified polymer
derived from monomers comprising: (i) a vinyl aromatic monomer;
(ii) an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives
thereof; (b) a thickening agent; and (c) an oil of lubricating
viscosity, wherein the esterified polymer contains titratable acid
groups with a total acid number of at least about 4. The invention
further relates to the process to make the composition and its use
in grease to increase water resistance.
Inventors: |
Sivik, Matthew R.;
(Broadview Hts., OH) ; Twining, Steven R.; (Rocky
River, OH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
THE LUBRIZOL CORPORATION
Patent Administrator - Mail Drop 022B
29400 Lakeland Boulevard
Wickliffe
OH
44092-2298
US
|
Assignee: |
The Lubrizol Corporation, a
corporation of the State of Ohio
29400 Lakeland Boulevard
Wickliffe
OH
44092-2298
|
Family ID: |
34962677 |
Appl. No.: |
10/805055 |
Filed: |
March 19, 2004 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/468 ;
508/452; 508/454 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10N 2010/04 20130101;
C10M 2207/1265 20130101; C10M 2203/1025 20130101; C10N 2030/26
20200501; C10N 2050/10 20130101; C10N 2020/00 20130101; C10M
2209/086 20130101; C10N 2010/02 20130101; C10M 145/16 20130101;
C10M 2217/024 20130101; C10M 2207/1285 20130101; C10M 2209/086
20130101; C10M 2209/086 20130101; C10M 2209/086 20130101; C10M
2205/04 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/468 ;
508/452; 508/454 |
International
Class: |
C10M 145/22 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A grease composition comprising: (a) an esterified polymer
derived from monomers comprising: (i) a vinyl aromatic monomer;
(ii) an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives
thereof; (b) a thickening agent; and (c) an oil of lubricating
viscosity, wherein the esterified polymer contains titratable acid
groups with a total acid number of at least about 4.
2. The grease composition of claim 1, wherein the titratable acid
groups have a Total Acid Number (TAN) in the range from about 5 to
about 100.
3. The grease composition of claim 1, wherein the vinyl aromatic
monomer is styrene, substituted styrene or mixtures thereof.
4. The grease composition of claim 1, wherein the unsaturated
dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof is derived from
maleic anhydride, methyl maleic anhydride, ethyl maleic anhydride,
dimethyl maleic anhydride or mixtures thereof.
5. The grease composition of claim 1, wherein the conversion of
dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof to ester groups
is in the range of about 88% to about 99.5%.
6. The grease composition of claim 1, wherein the esterified
polymer is derived from alcohols containing about 6 to about 24
carbon atoms.
7. The grease composition of claim 1, wherein the esterified
polymer is derived from mixtures of alcohols containing at least
one alcohol with about 6 to about 11 carbon atoms and at least one
alcohol with about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms.
8. The grease composition of claim 1, wherein the esterified
polymer optionally contains at least one reacted amine.
9. The grease composition of claim 1, wherein the esterified
polymer is derived from a vinyl aromatic monomer present in the
range from about 0.7 to about 1 mole equivalents relative to the
amount of the of the dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives
thereof; and wherein the dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives
thereof is present in the esterified polymer in the range from
about 0.7 to about 1 mole equivalents relative to the amount of the
vinyl aromatic monomer.
10. The grease composition of claim 1, wherein the esterified
polymer is present in a grease composition in the range from about
0.01 to about 30 weight percent of the grease composition; wherein
the thickener is present in the range from about 3 to about 40
weight percent of the grease composition; the oil of lubricating
viscosity is present in the range from about 20 to about 97 weight
percent of the grease composition; and wherein the other
performance additives are present in the range from 0 to about 20
weight percent of the grease composition.
11. A process for preparing a grease composition comprising the
steps of: (1) mixing an esterified polymer derived from monomers
comprising (i) a vinyl aromatic monomer; (ii) an unsaturated
dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof; with a solvent
to form a solvated polymer; (2) reacting the solvated polymer of
step (1) with at least two alcohols containing (i) at least about 6
carbon atoms and (ii) the other containing less than about 6 carbon
atoms to form a solvated polymer containing an ester or derivatives
thereof; (3) optionally, adding to the solvated polymer containing
an ester or derivatives thereof an amine with primary
functionality, secondary functionality or mixtures thereof to form
an amidated polymer; (4) adding the solvated polymer containing an
ester or derivatives thereof of step (2) or the amidated polymer of
step (3) to a thickening agent, an oil of lubricating viscosity or
mixtures thereof; and (5) optionally adding to the product of step
(4) adding at least one other performance additive to form a grease
composition.
12. The use of the grease composition of claim 1 for imparting at
least one improved property include improved water repellence,
improved water wash-off, improved thickening, increased longevity
and decreased wear.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a grease in particular a
lubricating grease comprising: (a) an esterified polymer derived
from monomers comprising: (i) a vinyl aromatic monomer; (ii) an
unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof; (b)
a thickening agent; and (c) an oil of lubricating viscosity,
wherein the esterified polymer contains titratable acid groups. The
invention further relates to the process to make the composition
and its use.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] It is known to prepare greases from base oil, a thickener
and optionally other performance additives for example antioxidants
or antiwear agents. Polymers have also been added to greases in an
attempt to improve the performance characteristics of the grease,
for example, polymers have been employed to decrease water
wash-off, to increase water repellency, to decrease oil separation,
to increase dropping points or cone penetration and as thickeners.
Often the polymers of polymethacrylates or polyolefins are added to
grease. Typically these polymers are incorporated in the base oil
and act as a viscosity modifier. However, the polymers have limited
interaction with the thickener. This results in the grease being
more susceptible to the effects of water, for example, water
wash-off or decreased water repellency. Producing greases with poor
water wash-off or water repellency decreases the longevity of
grease and increases wear on the surface being lubricated.
[0003] Japanese Patent Application 04-046997 A2 (Tanaka et al,
Showa Shell) discloses a hydrolysed or un-hydrolysed maleic
anhydride-styrene-oxyalkylene copolymer capable of imparting water
resistance to greases. The oxyalkylene monomer is required to
impart oil solubility.
[0004] U.S. Pat. No. 5,858,934 (Wiggins et al., Lubrizol
Corporation) discloses a pour point depressing amount of an
interpolymer maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer suitable for use in
biodegradable vegetable oil greases. The maleic anhydride-styrene
copolymer has a total acid number of less than 2 and acid groups
associated with the low TAN results in chemical instability,
reduced high temperature performance and unwanted interactions
between other components in the grease.
[0005] It would be desirable to have a grease composition
containing polymers capable of imparting decreased water wash-off,
prolonged longevity and increased water repellence. The present
invention provides a grease composition containing polymers capable
of imparting decreased water wash-off, prolonged longevity and
increased water repellence.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention provides a grease in particular a
lubricating grease composition comprising:
[0007] (a) an esterified polymer derived from monomers
comprising:
[0008] (i) a vinyl aromatic monomer; and
[0009] (ii) an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride or
derivatives thereof;
[0010] (b) a thickening agent; and
[0011] (c) an oil of lubricating viscosity,
[0012] wherein the esterified polymer contains titratable acid
groups with a total acid number of at least about 4.
[0013] The invention further provides a process for preparing a
grease composition comprising the steps of:
[0014] (1) mixing an esterified polymer derived from monomers
comprising (i) a vinyl aromatic monomer; (ii) an unsaturated
dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof; with a solvent
to form a solvated polymer;
[0015] (2) reacting the solvated polymer of step (1) with at least
two alcohols containing (i) at least about 6 carbon atoms and (ii)
the other containing less than about 6 carbon atoms to form a
solvated polymer containing an ester or derivatives thereof;
[0016] (3) optionally, adding to the solvated polymer containing an
ester or derivatives thereof an amine with primary functionality,
secondary functionality or mixtures thereof to form an amidated
polymer;
[0017] (4) adding the solvated polymer containing an ester or
derivatives thereof of step (2) or the amidated polymer of step (3)
to a thickening agent, an oil of lubricating viscosity or mixtures
thereof; and
[0018] (5) optionally adding to the product of step (4) adding at
least one other performance additive to form a grease
composition.
[0019] The present invention further provides a grease composition
containing polymers capable of improving greases by imparting
improved water wash-off and water repellence. The invention further
provides a grease composition containing polymers capable of
improving thickening. The invention further provides a grease
composition containing polymers capable of decreasing wear and
increasing longevity.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0020] The present invention provides a grease composition
comprising:
[0021] (a) an esterified polymer derived from monomers
comprising:
[0022] (i) a vinyl aromatic monomer;
[0023] (ii) an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride or
derivatives thereof;
[0024] (b) a thickening agent; and
[0025] (c) an oil of lubricating viscosity,
[0026] wherein the esterified polymer contains titratable acid
groups with a total acid number of at least about 4.
[0027] The titratable acid groups located on the carbon atoms of
the esterified polymer are adjacent to each other, randomly
dispersed or mixtures thereof. The level of titratable acid groups
as measured by titration and expressed as mg KOHigram of sample may
be expressed as a Total Acid Number (TAN) in the range from about 4
to about 150, preferably about 5 to about 100, more preferably
about 8 to about 80, even more preferably about 8 to about 60 and
most preferably about 8 to 50 per mole.
[0028] In one embodiment the polymer is free of units derived from
an oxyalkylene monomer including those represented by the formula:
1
[0029] wherein the alkylene includes --CH.sub.2--,
--C.sub.2H.sub.4--, --C.sub.3H.sub.6--, C.sub.4H.sub.8--or mixtures
thereof; n is a repeat unit that may be present from 1 to about 60
times; and the alkyl group may contain 1 to about 20 carbon
atoms.
[0030] The molecular weight of the polymer derived from component
(a) monomers (i) a vinyl aromatic monomer and (ii) an unsaturated
dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof, is controlled
using a variety of known techniques such as reaction temperature,
initiators, monomer concentration and chain transfer agents. The
molecular weight (M.sub.n) of the polymer is in the range from
about 20,000 to about 500,000, preferably about 24,000 to about
400,000, more preferably about 28,000 to about 350,000, and most
preferably about 32,000 to about 300,000.
[0031] The molecular weight of the copolymer (also referred to as
an interpolymer) of a vinyl aromatic monomer and an unsaturated
dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof from which
component (a) of the invention is made may also be expressed in
terms of the "reduced specific viscosity" of the polymer which is a
widely recognized means of expressing the molecular size of a
polymeric substance. As used herein, the reduced specific viscosity
(abbreviated as RSV) is the value obtained in accordance with the
formula RSV=(Relative Viscosity-1)/Concentration, wherein the
relative viscosity is determined by measuring, by means of a
dilution viscometer, the viscosity of a solution of about 1 g of
the polymer in about 10 cm.sup.3 of acetone and the viscosity of
acetone at about 30.degree. C. For purpose of computation by the
above formula, the concentration is adjusted to about 0.4 g of the
interpolymer per 10 cm.sup.3 of acetone. A more detailed discussion
of the reduced specific viscosity, also known as the specific
viscosity, as well as its relationship to the average molecular
weight of an interpolymer, appears in Paul J. Flory, Principles of
Polymer Chemistry, (1953 Edition) pages 308 et seq. The
interpolymer polymer has a RSV from about 0.05 to about 2
preferably about 0.1 to about 1 and most preferably about 0.1 to
about 0.8. In one embodiment the RSV is about 0.69.
[0032] When incorporated into the interpolymer from which the
esterified polymer is made the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid
anhydride or derivatives thereof loses unsaturated functionality to
become the dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof. The
dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof is present in
the esterified polymer from about 0.1 to about 1, preferably about
0.7 to about 1, more preferably about 0.8 to about 1, even more
preferably about 0.95 to about 1 and most preferably about 1 to
about 1 mole equivalents relative to the amount of the vinyl
aromatic monomer.
[0033] The esterified polymer is present in a grease composition
from about 0.01 to about 30, preferably about 0.04 to about 20,
even more preferably about 0.06 to about 10 and most preferably
about 0.08 to about 5 weight percent of the grease composition. The
esterified polymer may be used alone or in combination.
[0034] Vinyl Aromatic Monomer
[0035] The esterified polymer contains a vinyl aromatic monomer.
Suitable examples of a vinyl aromatic monomer include styrene
(often referred to as ethenylbenzene), substituted styrene or
mixtures thereof. Substituted styrene monomers include functional
groups such as a hydrocarbyl group, halo-, amino-, alkoxy-,
carboxy-, hydroxy-, sulphonyl- or mixtures thereof. The functional
groups are located at the ortho, meta or para positions relative to
the vinyl group on the aromatic monomer, although preferably the
functional groups are located at the ortho or para position; and
most preferably at the para position. Halo- functional groups
include chlorine, bromine, iodine or mixtures thereof. Preferably
the halo functional group is chlorine or mixtures thereof. Alkoxy
functional groups can contain 1 to about 10, preferably 1 to about
8, more preferably 1 to about 6 and most preferably 1 to about 4
carbon atoms. Alkoxy functional groups containing 1 to about 4
carbon atoms is referred to as lower alkoxy styrene.
[0036] The hydrocarbyl group includes alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl,
acyclic, aryl or mixtures thereof; and the functional groups can be
branched or linear. The hydrocarbyl group contains 1 to about 30,
preferably 1 to about 20, more preferably 1 to about 15 and most
preferably 1 to about 10 carbon atoms. Examples of a suitable
hydrocarbyl group on styrene monomers include alpha-methylstyrene,
para-methylstyrene (often referred to as vinyl toluene),
para-tert-butylstyrene, alpha-ethylstyrene, para-lower alkoxy
styrene or mixtures thereof.
[0037] Examples of para-lower alkoxy styrene include para-methoxy
styrene, para-ethoxy styrene, para-propoxy styrene, para-butoxy
styrene or mixtures thereof. Although the vinyl aromatic monomer
includes styrene, a substituted styrene or mixtures thereof,
styrene is preferred. The vinyl aromatic monomer can be used alone
or in combination.
[0038] The vinyl aromatic monomer is present in the esterified
polymer from about 0.1 to about 1, preferably about 0.7 to about 1,
more preferably about 0.8 to about 1, even more preferably about
0.95 to about 1 and most preferably about 1 to about 1 mole
equivalents relative to the amount of the dicarboxylic acid
anhydride or derivatives thereof.
[0039] Unsaturated Dicarboxylic acid Anhydride or Derivatives
Thereof
[0040] The esterified polymer further contains at least one monomer
derived from and unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride or
derivatives thereof. The unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride or
derivatives thereof include those derived from a maleic anhydride
represented by the formula: 2
[0041] wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen or a
hydrocarbyl group containing about 1 to about 40, preferably about
1 to about 30, more preferably about 1 to about 20 and most
preferably about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms. The carbon atoms of
the hydrocarbyl group include alkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkyl, aryl or
mixtures thereof. The hydrocarbyl group includes substituted,
unsubstituted, branched, unbranched or mixtures thereof, although,
unsubstituted is preferred.
[0042] The unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives
thereof may be wholly or partially esterified. When partially
esterified other derivatives include acids, salts or mixtures
thereof.
[0043] Suitable salts include alkali metals, alkaline metal or
mixtures thereof. The salts include lithium, sodium, potassium,
magnesium, calcium or mixtures thereof.
[0044] Suitable examples of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid
anhydride or derivatives thereof for the grease composition include
maleic anhydride, methyl maleic anhydride, ethyl maleic anhydride,
dimethyl maleic anhydride or mixtures thereof. The unsaturated
dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof functionality
can be used alone or in combination.
[0045] Alkyl Acrylate or Alkyl Methacrylate Monomer
[0046] Optionally, the esterified polymer described above contains
an alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate monomer. The alkyl group of
the acrylate or methacrylate contains 1 to about 20, preferably 1
to about 10, more preferably 1 to about 5 and most preferably 1 to
about 2 carbon atoms. The alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate
monomer is present from 0 to about 15 mole %, about 1 to about 10
mole %, and most preferably about 2 to about 8% relative to the
amount of vinyl aromatic monomer.
[0047] Examples of a suitable alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate
monomer include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate,
methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate or
mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the alkyl acrylate is methyl
acrylate and in another embodiment the alkyl methacrylate is methyl
methacrylate. The alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate monomer may
be used alone or in combination.
[0048] Alcohols
[0049] The esterified polymer is formed by reaction of the
dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof with an alcohol
to form esterified groups. The alcohol reacts with a portion of the
dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof thus forming an
ester, a half-ester or mixtures thereof and unsaturated bonds are
partially or wholly saturated. The portion of the partially or
wholly saturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof
that do not react with alcohol remain titratable.
[0050] The conversion of dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives
thereof to ester groups include those in the range of about 50% to
about 99.5%, preferably about 80% to about 99.5%, more preferably
about 84% to about 99.5%, even more preferably about 88% to about
99.5% and most preferably about 92% to about 99%
[0051] The alcohols suitable for the invention include those with
about 6 to about 24, preferably about 6 to about 20, more
preferably about 8 to about 20 and most preferably about 8 to about
18 carbon atoms. The carbon atoms of the alcohol include a
hydrocarbyl group, preferably, alkyl or cycloalkyl, more preferably
alkyl or mixtures thereof. The alcohol is may be linear, branched
or mixtures thereof, although preferably branched. The branched
alcohols are present in an amount greater than about 5, preferably
greater than about 10, more preferably greater than about 20, even
more preferably greater than about 40 and most preferably greater
than about 60 wt % of the alcohol molecules present.
[0052] In one embodiment the alcohol is a mixture containing at
least one alcohol with about 6 to about 11, preferably about 6 to
about 10 and most preferably about 8 to about 10 carbon atoms; and
at least one alcohol with about 12 to about 24, preferably about 12
to about 20 and most preferably about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms.
The weight percentage ratio of an alcohol containing about 6 to
about 11 to an alcohol containing about 12 to about 24 is in the
range of about 99:1 to about 1:99, preferably about 50:50 to about
10:90, more preferably about 40:60 to about 15:85, even more
preferably about 35:65 to about 15:85 and most preferably about
20:80 to about 30:70. In one embodiment the weight percentage ratio
of an alcohol containing about 6 to about 11 to an alcohol
containing about 12 to about 24 is about 25:75.
[0053] Suitable examples of alcohols include hexanol, heptanol,
octanol, isooctanol, 2-ethylhexanol, nonanol, decanol, isodecanol,
dodecanol, tridecanol, butadecanol, myristol, pentadecanol,
palmitol, hexadecanol, heptadecanol, stearol, octadecanol,
icosyldecanol, icosanol, decan-2-ol, isodecan-2-ol, dodecan-2-ol,
tridecan-2-ol, butadecan-2-ol, pentadecan-2-ol, hexadecan-2-ol,
heptadecan-2-ol, octadecan-2-ol, icosyldecan-2-ol, icosan-2-ol,
decan-3-ol, isodecan-3-ol, dodecan-3-ol, tridecan-3-ol,
butadecan-3-ol, pentadecan-3-ol, hexadecan-3-ol, heptadecan-3-ol,
octadecan-3-ol, icosyldecan-3-ol, icosan-3-ol, isononanol,
isodecanol, isododecan-2-ol, isotridecan-2-ol, isobutadecan-2-ol,
isopentadecan-2-ol, isohexadecan-2-ol, isoheptadecan-2-ol,
isooctadecan-2-ol or mixtures thereof. Preferably the alcohols
include octanol, isooctanol, 2-ethylhexanol, nonanol, decanol,
dodecan-2-ol, tridecan-2-ol, butadecan-2-ol, pentadecan-2-ol,
hexadecan-2-ol, heptadecan-2-ol, octadecan-2-ol, isononanol,
isodecanol, isododecan-2-ol, isotridecan-2-ol, isobutadecan-2-ol,
isopentadecan-2-ol, isohexadecan-2-ol, isoheptadecan-2-ol,
isooctacdecan-2-ol or mixtures thereof. When mixtures of alcohols
are used in the invention, the alcohols are available as mixtures
for example Alfol C8C10.RTM. Alcohols or Alfol C12C18.RTM. Alcohols
and the like.
[0054] In one embodiment alcohol with less than about 6 carbon
atoms is used in combination with an alcohol containing about 6 to
about 24 carbon atoms. Suitable examples include propanol, butanol,
pentanol or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the alcohol with
less than about 6 carbon atoms is butanol.
[0055] Amine
[0056] The esterified polymer optionally contains at least one
amine includes a monoamine, a polyamine or mixtures thereof. The
amine contains primary functionality, secondary functionality or
mixtures thereof. The amine includes cyclic, linear or branched and
include an alkylenemonoamine, a heterocyclic monoamine, an
alkylenepolyamine, a heterocyclic polyamine or mixtures thereof,
preferably the amine contains not more than one primary or
secondary amino group, for example
N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine.
[0057] In one embodiment the amine compounds are represented by the
formula: 3
[0058] wherein R.sup.3 includes atoms bonded to form mono- or poly-
nuclear rings; and the atoms include carbon, oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus or mixtures thereof. Preferably R.sup.3 includes carbon,
oxygen, nitrogen or mixtures thereof.
[0059] The mononuclear cyclic structure contains about 5 to about 8
atoms and preferably about 6 to about 7 atoms. The polynuclear
cyclic structure contains about 8 to about 16 and preferably about
10 to about 12 atoms. w is tin the range from about 4 to about 15,
preferably about 5 to about 11, more preferably about 5 to about 8
atoms. The cyclic ring includes aromatic, non-aromatic or mixtures
thereof, although non-aromatic is preferred.
[0060] R.sup.4 includes alkyl or alkenyl group with y containing
about 1 to about 8, preferably about 1 to about 6, and most
preferably about 2 to about 5 carbon atoms. The alkyl or alkenyl
group include substituted, unsubstituted, branched, unbranched
alkylaryl, cycloalkyl or mixtures thereof. Suitable examples of
R.sup.4 include ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or mixtures thereof.
Preferably R.sup.4 is ethyl, propyl or mixtures thereof.
[0061] R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently hydrogen or a
hydrocarbyl group, preferably at least one, and most preferably
both of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are hydrogen. When R.sup.5 or R.sup.6
is a hydrocarbyl group, the number of carbon atoms present is in
the range from about 1 to about 8, preferably about 1 to about 5
and most preferably about 1 to about 3 or mixtures thereof.
Suitable examples of a hydrocarbyl group include methyl, ethyl,
propyl, butyl, pentyl or mixtures thereof.
[0062] Examples of suitable cyclic amines include
4-(3-aminopropyl)morphol- ine, 4-(3-aminoethyl)morpholine or
mixtures thereof. Preferably the cyclic amine is
4-(3-aminopropyl)morpholine and may be used alone or in
combination.
[0063] The amines when present are in an effective amount to
substantially react with the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid
anhydride or derivatives thereof and leaving no residual amine
present in the esterified polymer. Typically the amine is present
weight percent based on the total weight of the polymer in the
range from about 0 to about 1, preferably about 0.1 to about 1,
more preferably about 0.2 to about 1 and most preferably about 0.4
to about 1 equivalents of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid
anhydride or derivatives thereof.
[0064] In one embodiment the polymer described above does not
contain Mannich base functionality. The Mannich base is formed by
the reaction of (a) an aldehyde, with (b) a phenols and (c) at
least one non-monomeric amine with primary functionality, secondary
functionality or mixtures thereof.
[0065] The Thickening Agent
[0066] Thickening agents such as metal salts of carboxylic acids
are known in the art of grease formulation. The metal is an alkali
metal, alkaline earth metal, aluminium or mixtures thereof.
Examples of suitable metals include lithium, potassium, sodium,
calcium, magnesium, barium, aluminium or mixtures thereof.
Preferably the metal is lithium, calcium, aluminium or mixtures
thereof.
[0067] The carboxylic acid used in the thickener is a fatty acid
and a mono-hydroxycarboxylic acid, a di-hydroxycarboxylic acid, a
poly-hydroxycarboxylic acid or mixtures thereof. The carboxylic
acid has about 4 to about 30, preferably about 8 to about 27, more
preferably about 19 to about 24 and most preferably about 10 to
about 20 carbon atoms and includes derivatives thereof such as an
ester, a half ester, salts, anhydrides or mixtures thereof.
Examples of suitable fatty acids include capric acid, palmitic
acid, stearic acid, oleic acid or mixtures thereof. Preferably the
fatty acid is a stearic acid.
[0068] In one embodiment the carboxylic acid thickener is a
di-hydroxycarboxylic acid, a poly-hydroxycarboxylic acid or
mixtures thereof. Alternatively the di-carboxylic acid include
iso-octanedioic acid, octanedioic acid, nonanedioic acid (azelaic
acid), decanedioic acid (sebacic acid), undecanedioic acid,
dodecanedioic acid, tridecanedioic acid, tetradecanedioic acid,
pentadecanoic acid or mixtures thereof. The di-carboxylic acid and
poly-carboxylic acid tend to be more expensive than mono-carboxylic
acid and as a consequence, most industrial processes using mixtures
preferably use a weight ratio of dicarboxylic and/or polycarboxylic
acid to monocarboxylic acid in the range about 15:85 to about
40:60, more desirably about 20:80 to about 35:65, and more
preferably about 25:75 to about 35:65. Many commercial
manufacturers use a blend of about 30:70.
[0069] In one embodiment the carboxylic acid thickener is a
hydroxy-substituted fatty acid or mixtures thereof. A particularly
preferred hydroxy-substituted fatty acid is hydroxy stearic acid.
Suitable examples include 10-hydroxystearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic
acid, 14-hydroxystearic acid or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment
the hydroxy-substituted fatty acid is 12-hydroxystearic acid.
[0070] The thickener can also be prepared directly from at least
one fatty acid source, such as vegetable oil or animal fats, by
saponification. The thickener is prepared directly from a fatty
acid including hydrogenated castor oil, glyceride or other esters
containing alkyl groups. The alkyl groups contains about 1 to about
10, preferably about 1 to about 5 and most preferably about 1 to
about 3 carbon atoms. Suitable examples of alkyl groups for the
fatty acid esters include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl,
glycerol or mixtures thereof.
[0071] In one embodiment thickening agents include inorganic
powders include clay, organo-clays, bentonite, fumed silica,
calcite, carbon black, pigments, copper phthalocyanine or mixtures
thereof. In one embodiment the calcite containing thickeners made
from overbased calcium sulphonate or carboxylates are used.
[0072] The thickener is present in the range from about 3 to about
40, preferably from about 4 to about 35, even more preferably about
4 to about 30, even more preferably about 5 to about 25 and most
preferably from about 5 to about 20 weight percent of the grease
composition. The thickener may be used alone or in combination.
[0073] Oil of Lubricating Viscosity
[0074] The grease composition includes natural or synthetic oils of
lubricating viscosity, oil derived from hydrocracking,
hydrogenation, hydrofinishing, unrefined, refined and re-refined
oils or mixtures thereof.
[0075] Natural oils include animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral
oils or mixtures thereof. Synthetic oils include a hydrocarbon oil,
a silicon-based oil, a liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acid.
Synthetic oils include those produced by Fischer-Tropsch reactions
and hydroisomerised Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes.
[0076] Oils of lubricating viscosity is defined as specified in the
American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability
Guidelines. In one embodiment the oil of lubricating viscosity
comprises an API Group I, II, III, IV, V or mixtures thereof, and
preferably API Group I, II, III or mixtures thereof. If the oil of
lubricating viscosity is an API Group II, III , IV or V oil there
up to about 40 wt % and most preferably up to a maximum of about 5
wt % of the lubricating oil an API Group I oil.
[0077] The oil of lubricating viscosity is present from about 20 to
about 97, preferably from about 40 to about 96, even more
preferably about 60 to about 96 and most preferably from about 67
to about 95 weight percent of the grease composition. The oil of
lubricating viscosity may be used alone or in combination.
[0078] Other Performance Additives
[0079] Optionally, the grease composition includes at least one
other performance additives which include antioxidants, rust
inhibitors, metal deactivators, antiwear agents, antiscuffing
agents, extreme pressure agents, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers,
friction modifiers, viscosity modifiers, pour point depressants or
mixtures thereof.
[0080] The other performance additives are present in the range
from 0 to about 20, preferably about 0.1 to about 15, even more
preferably about 0.2 to about 10 and most preferably about 0.4 to
about 10 weight percent of the grease composition. In one
embodiment one or more of the other performance additives are
present and it is common for the performance additives to be
present in different amounts relative to each other.
[0081] Antioxidants
[0082] Antioxidants are known materials and include diphenylamines,
sterically hindered phenols, molybdenum dithiocarbamates,
sulphurised olefins and the like. The antioxidants can be used
alone or in combination.
[0083] Examples of suitable diphenylamine antioxidants include
octyl diphenylamine, nonyl diphenylamine, bis-octyl diphenylamine,
bis-nonyl diphenylamine or mixtures thereof.
[0084] Examples of sterically hindered phenols include
2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-ethyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-propyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-butyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-pentyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-hexyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-heptyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-(2-ethylhexyl)-2,6-di-tert-butylpheno- l,
4-octyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-nonyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-decyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-undecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-dodecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-tridecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
4-tetradecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxypheny- l)propionic acid butyl ester,
3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propion- ic acid methyl ester,
3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid 2-ethylhexyl
ester or mixtures thereof.
[0085] In one embodiment the sterically hindered phenol is
2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the
sterically hindered phenol is
4-(2-ethylhexyl)-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or mixtures thereof. In
one embodiment the sterically hindered phenol is
4-dodecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or mixtures thereof.
[0086] In one embodiment two sterically hindered phenols are linked
through a bridging group typically located at position 2- or
4-relative to the hydroxyl group. The bridging group include
--CH.sub.2-- (methylene bridge) or --CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2-- (ether
bridge) or mixtures thereof. Examples of methylene-bridged
sterically hindered phenols include
4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-o-cresol),
4,4'-methylenebis(2-tert-amyl-o- -cresol),
2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol),
4,4'-methylene-bis(2,6-di-tertbutylphenol) or mixtures thereof.
[0087] Examples of suitable molybdenum dithiocarbamates include
commercial materials sold under the trade names such as Vanlube
822.TM. and Molyvan.TM. A from R. T. Vanderbilt Co., Ltd., and
Adeka Sakura-Lube.TM. S-100 and S-165 and S-600 from Asahi Denka
Kogyo K. K and the like.
[0088] Examples of suitable sulphurised olefins include propylene,
isobutylene, pentene, hexane, heptene, octane, nonene, decene,
undecene, dodecene, undecyl, tridecene, tetradecene, pentadecene,
hexadecene, heptadecene, octadecene, octadecenene, nonodecene,
eicosene or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, hexadecene,
heptadecene, octadecene, octadecenene, nonodecene, eicosene or
mixtures thereof and their dimers, trimers and tetramers are
preferred olefins. In another embodiment, the olefin is a
Diels-Alder adduct of a diene such as 1,3-butadiene and an
unsaturated ester such as butyl(meth)acrylate.
[0089] Sulphurised olefins include fatty acids and their esters.
The fatty acids are obtained from vegetable oil, animal oil or
mixtures thereof; and contains about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms.
Examples of suitable fatty acids and/or their esters include
triglycerides, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid or
mixtures thereof. The fatty acids are obtained from lard oil, tall
oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil or
mixtures thereof. In one embodiment fatty acids and/or their esters
are mixed with alpha-olefins.
[0090] Antiwear Agents
[0091] The lubricant optionally contains an antiwear agent. Useful
antiwear agents include metal thiophosphates, especially zinc
dialkyldithiophosphates; phosphoric acid esters or salt thereof;
phosphites; and phosphorus-containing carboxylic esters, ethers,
amides and the like. The antiwear agent may be used alone or in
combination.
[0092] Antiscuffing Agents
[0093] The lubricant optionally contains an antiscuffing agent.
Antiscuffing agents that decrease adhesive wear include sulphur
containing compounds. The sulphur containing compounds include
organic sulphides and polysulphides, such as benzyldisulphide,
bis-(chlorobenzyl)disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, di-tertiary
butyl polysulphide, sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid,
sulphurised alkylphenol, sulphurised dipentene, sulphurised
terpene, sulphurised Diels-Alder adducts, sulphurised fats
(including vegetable oil, animal fat or mixtures thereof),
sulphurised olefins, mixed co-sulphurised fats and olefins, alkyl
sulphenyl N'N-dialkyl dithiocarbamates, the reaction product of
polyamines with polybasic acid esters, chlorobutyl esters of
2,3-dibromopropoxyisobutyric acid, acetoxymethyl esters of dialkyl
dithiocarbamic acid and acyloxyalkyl ethers of xanthogenic acids or
mixtures thereof. The antiscuffing agents may be used alone or in
combination.
[0094] Extreme Pressure Agents
[0095] Extreme Pressure (EP) agents that are soluble in the oil
include sulphur and chlorosulphur-containing EP agents, chlorinated
hydrocarbon EP agents, phosphorus EP agents, or mixtures thereof.
Examples of such EP agents include chlorinated wax, organic
sulphides and polysulphides, such as benzyldisulphide,
bis-(chlorobenzyl)disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, sulphurised
fats (including vegetable oil, animal fat or mixtures thereof),
sulphurised olefins, mixed co-sulphurised fats and olefins,
sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid, sulphurised alkylphenol,
sulphurised dipentene, sulphurised terpene, and sulphurised
Diels-Alder adducts; phosphosulphurised hydrocarbons, such as the
reaction product of phosphorus sulphide with turpentine or methyl
oleate, phosphorus esters such as the dihydrocarbon and
trihydrocarbon phosphites, i.e., dibutyl phosphite, diheptyl
phosphite, dicyclohexyl phosphite, pentylphenyl phosphite;
dipentylphenyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, distearyl phosphite
and polypropylene substituted phenol phosphite, metal
thiocarbamates, such as zinc dioctyldithiocarbamate and barium
heptylphenol diacid, such as zinc dicyclohexyl phosphorodithioate
and the zinc salts of a phosphorodithioic acid; or mixtures
thereof. The extreme pressure agents may be used alone or in
combination.
[0096] Additionally the grease composition optionally includes
friction modifiers including fatty amines, esters such as borated
glycerol esters, fatty phosphites, fatty acid amides, fatty
epoxides, borated fatty epoxides, alkoxylated fatty amines, borated
alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, fatty
imidazolines, condensation products of carboxylic acids and
polyalkylene-polyamines, amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids;
viscosity modifiers including copolymers of styrene-butadiene
rubbers, ethylene-propylene, polyisobutenes, hydrogenated
styrene-isoprene polymers, hydrogenated isoprene polymers,
polymethacrylate acid esters, polyacrylate acid esters, polyalkyl
styrenes, alkenyl aryl conjugated diene copolymers, polyolefins,
polyalkylmethacrylates or esters of maleic anhydride-styrene
copolymers; and dispersant viscosity modifiers (often referred to
as a DVM) include functionalised polyolefins, for example,
ethylene-propylene copolymers that have been functionalized with
the reaction product of maleic anhydride and an amine, a
polymethacrylate functionalised with an amine, or styrene-maleic
anhydride copolymers reacted with an amine.
[0097] Other performance additives are optionally present in the
grease composition, such as rust inhibitors including octylamine
octanoate, condensation products of dodecenyl succinic acid or
anhydride and a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a polyamine;
metal deactivators including derivatives of benzotriazoles,
1,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles or
2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles; foam inhibitors including copolymers
of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate and optionally vinyl
acetate; demulsifiers including trialkyl phosphates, polyethylene
glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides and (ethylene
oxide-propylene oxide) polymers; pour point depressants including
esters of maleic anhydride-styrene, polymethacrylates,
polyacrylates or polyacrylamides; and seal swell agents including
Exxon Necton-37.TM. (FN 1380) and Exxon Mineral Seal Oil (FN
3200).
[0098] Process
[0099] The invention further provides a process for preparing a
grease composition comprising the steps of:
[0100] (1) mixing an esterified polymer derived from monomers
comprising (i) a vinyl aromatic monomer; (ii) an unsaturated
dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof; and a solvent
to form a solvated polymer;
[0101] (2) reacting the solvated polymer of step (1) with at least
two alcohols containing (i) at least about 6 carbon atoms and (ii)
the other containing less than about 6 carbon atoms to form a
solvated polymer containing an ester or derivatives thereof; at a
pressure from about 650 mm of Hg (about 86 kPa) to about 2000 mm of
Hg (about 267 kPa); at a temperature from about 25.degree. C. to
about 250.degree. C. preferably about 50.degree. C. to about
200.degree. C., more preferably about 55.degree. C. to about
175.degree. C. and most preferably about 60.degree. C. to about
150.degree. C.; and for a period of time from about 1 minute to
about 48 hours, preferably about 2 minutes to about 36 hours and
most preferably about 3 minutes to about 30 hours;
[0102] (3) optionally, reacting the solvated polymer containing an
ester or derivatives thereof an amine with primary functionality,
secondary functionality or mixtures thereof to form an amidated
polymer; at a pressure from about 650 mm of Hg (about 86 kPa) to
about 2000 mm of Hg (about 267 kPa); at a temperature from about
50.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. preferably about 60.degree.
C. to about 200.degree. C., more preferably about 65.degree. C. to
about 175.degree. C. and most preferably about 70.degree. C. to
about 150.degree. C.; and for a period of time from about 1 minute
to about 48 hours, preferably about 2 minutes to about 36 hours and
most preferably about 3 minutes to about 30 hours;
[0103] (4) adding the solvated polymer containing an ester or
derivatives thereof of step (2) or the amidated polymer of step (3)
to a thickening agent, an oil of lubricating viscosity or mixtures
thereof; at a pressure from about 650 mm of Hg (about 86 kPa) to
about 2000 mm of Hg (about 267 kPa); at a temperature from about
25.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. preferably about 25.degree.
C. to about 200.degree. C., more preferably about 30.degree. C. to
about 175.degree. C. and most preferably about 35.degree. C. to
about 150.degree. C.; and for a period of time from about 1 minute
to about 48 hours, preferably about 2 minutes to about 36 hours and
most preferably about 3 minutes to about 30 hours; and
[0104] (5) optionally adding to the product of step (4) adding at
least one other performance additive to form a grease
composition.
[0105] The optional solvents include aliphatic solvents, aromatic
solvents, alcohols, ethers, esters, an oil of lubricating viscosity
or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable the optional solvents
include hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, mineral spirits, petroleum
ether, benzene, toluene, xylene; iso-propanol, iso-butanol,
2-ethylhexanol, diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl
acetate, iso-amyl acetate or mixtures thereof.
[0106] When the solvated polymer of step (1) is reacted with at
least two alcohols, the alcohols are charged in a sufficient level
to provide a product of step (2) with a TAN of at least about 4.
When present the process includes the addition of the methacrylate
or acrylate monomer in step (1).
[0107] When present an esterification catalyst includes an acid, a
base or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable catalysts include
methane sulphonic acid, mineral acids, tin salts, organo titanates,
silica gel, cation-exchange resins or mixtures thereof. In one
embodiment the catalyst is methane sulphonic acid or mixtures
thereof.
[0108] When used as a solvent, the oil of lubricating viscosity may
be the same or different to the oil of lubricating viscosity of the
grease. Although the oil of lubricating viscosity may be used as a
solvent, an aromatic solvent is preferred. In one embodiment the
solvent is toluene or mixtures thereof. When present solvent, can
be used alone or in combination.
INDUSTRAIL APPLICATION
[0109] The grease composition of the present invention will be used
for imparting at least one improved property including improved
water repellence, improved water wash-off, improved thickening,
increased longevity and decreased wear. In one embodiment the
grease composition is used in an emulsified grease.
[0110] The following examples provide an illustration of the
invention. It should however be noted that these examples are non
exhaustive and not intended to limit the scope of the
invention.
Specific Embodiment
EXAMPLES
Example 1 and Reference Example R1
Preparative Example 1
[0111] A four neck round bottom flask with a volume of about 5
litres, is charged with about 454 g of a maleic anhydride-styrene
copolymer and about 1000 g of toluene solvent and stirred to form a
mixture. The mixture is heated to about 120.degree. C. in a
nitrogen atmosphere and a mixture of alcohols are added containing
about 592 g of Alfol C.sub.12-C.sub.18 and about 198 g of Alfol
C.sub.8-C.sub.10. The mixture is stirred for about 30 minutes
before the dropwise addition of a catalytic amount of methane
sulphonic acid (about 23 g) in about 200 cm.sup.3 of toluene over a
period of about 1 hour. The reaction is held at about 120 .degree.
C. for about 24 hours before the addition of about 16.8 g of
butanol and the reaction is held for about another 3 hours followed
by vacuum solvent stripping of toluene The product is diluted to
about 20 wt % in diluent oil before filtering. The final product
has a total acid number of about 8-21 and a molecular weight of
about 266,000.
Preparative Example 2
[0112] The product of Preparative Example 2 is the same as
Preparative Example 1, except about 26.6 g of
N-(3-aminopropyl)morpholine is added immediately before vacuum
solvent stripping of toluene.
Example 1
[0113] A grease formulation is prepared using a NLGI grade 2 grease
containing lithium 12-hydroxy stearate and about 0.25 g of a the
polymer prepared in Preparative Example 2
Example 2
[0114] Example 2 is a lithium 12-hydroxystearate grease prepared in
naphthenic oil. The grease is treated with the polymer prepared in
Preparative Example 2 at about 0.6 wt % (on an oil free basis) of
the grease composition.
Example 3
[0115] Example 3 is the same as Example 2, except the grease is
treated with the polymer prepared in Preparative Example 1.
Example 4
[0116] Example 4 is a NLGI grade 2 lithium grease containing about
85 wt % of the grease composition (a) a 800 SUS paraffinic base oil
containing unmilled lithium; (b) about 14.26 wt % of the grease
composition a 800 SUS paraffinic base oil; and (c) about 0.6 wt %
(on an oil free basis) the polymer prepared in Preparative Example
1.
Example 5
[0117] Example 5 is the same as Example 4, except the polymer
prepared in Preparative Example 2 is used instead of the polymer
prepared in Preparative Example 1.
Example 6
[0118] Example 6 is a grease composition containing 99.1 wt % of
the composition of Example 2, except the grease is heated to about
54.degree. C. and about 0.74 wt % (on an oil free basis) the
polymer prepared in Preparative Example 2 is added and milled.
Example 7
[0119] Example 7 is the same as Example 6, except the polymer of
Preparative Example 2 is added at about 0.31 wt % (on an oil free
basis).
Example 8
[0120] Example 8 is the same as Example 6, except the grease
composition is (a) a 800 SUS paraffinic base oil containing
unmilled lithium 12-hydroxystearate; (b) about 14.26 wt % of the
grease composition is a 800 SUS paraffinic base oil.
Example 9
[0121] Example 9 is the same as Example 8, except the polymer of
Preparative Example 2 is added at about 0.31 wt % (on an oil free
basis).
Reference Example R1
[0122] Reference Example R1 is a grease formulation similar to
Example 1, except the polymer of the invention is excluded.
Test 1
[0123] The ASTM D4049 test measures the resistance of grease to
water spray. A pre-weighed stainless steel panel is evenly coated
with about 8 mm of grease. The panel is then reweighed. The coated
stainless steel panel is then placed in a water spray for about 5
minutes. The water is preheated to about 38.degree. C. and held at
constant temperature. The water pressure pump is held at about 276
kPa (equivalent to about 40 psi). The panel is removed from the
spray and heated in an oven for about 1 hour at about 66.degree. C.
The panel is then removed from the oven, allowed to cool and is
reweighed. The results obtained for the grease compositions are
shown in Table 1 below.
1TABLE 1 ASTM D4049 Results % Grease Removed Example by Water Spray
R1 60 1 31.9 2 16.2 3 20.2 4 21.6 5 18.6 6 25.7 7 35.5 8 47.6 9
61.9
[0124] The results indicate Examples 1 to 8 have better resistance
to water spray than the reference example. Grease with better
resistance to water spray have increased longevity and/or decreased
wear.
Test 2
[0125] The ASTM D1264 test measures the water washout
characteristics of greases. A tared bearing is packed with about 4
g of grease and inserted into the apparatus described in ASTM
D1264. A minimum of about 750 ml of distilled water preheated to
about 79.degree. C. is added to the reservoir, but the water level
is below the bearing. The water is re-circulated with a water pump
and reheat to the about 79.degree. C. When the water reaches about
79.degree. C. the water is sprayed at a rate of about 5 ml s.sup.-1
over the bearing. The bearing is rotated at a speed of about 600
rpm for about 1 hour. The bearing is removed from the apparatus and
dried for about 15 hours at about 77.degree. C. The remaining
grease is reweighed. The results obtained for the grease
compositions are shown in Table 2 below.
2TABLE 2 ASTM D1264 Results % Grease Removed Example by Water
Washout R1 10.9 1 1.9 2 4.1 3 2.5 4 3.6 5 3.4 6 5.51 7 5.37 8 5.13
9 5.51
[0126] Examples 1 to 9 have better water washout properties than
the reference example. Grease with better water washout properties
have increased longevity and/or decreased wear.
[0127] In summary the tests illustrate that the polymer of the
invention provides grease compositions with improved water washout
and spray-off properties. These enhanced properties further provide
decreased wear and improved longevity of the grease.
[0128] While the invention has been explained, it is to be
understood that various modifications thereof will become apparent
to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification.
Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention disclosed
herein is intended to cover such modifications as fall within the
scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *