U.S. patent application number 10/515396 was filed with the patent office on 2005-09-15 for structural sandwich plate members.
This patent application is currently assigned to INTELLIGENT ENGINEERING (BAHAMAS) LIMITED. Invention is credited to Kennedy, Stephen John.
Application Number | 20050199166 10/515396 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 9937653 |
Filed Date | 2005-09-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050199166 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kennedy, Stephen John |
September 15, 2005 |
Structural sandwich plate members
Abstract
A structural sandwich plate member comprises first and second
outer plates and a core material of plastics or polymer material. A
plurality of lightweight forms are disposed between the outer
plates so that the core material forms ribs extending in two
substantially orthogonal directions. The lightweight forms may be
hollow or solid and manufactured out of foam, plastics or expanded
polystyrene. The structural sandwich plate member is preferably
formed by injecting the plastics or polymer core material into a
closed cavity formed between the outer plates and in which the
lightweight forms have been preplaced.
Inventors: |
Kennedy, Stephen John;
(Ottawa, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
DARBY & DARBY P.C.
P. O. BOX 5257
NEW YORK
NY
10150-5257
US
|
Assignee: |
INTELLIGENT ENGINEERING (BAHAMAS)
LIMITED
NASSAU
BAHAMAS
EP
|
Family ID: |
9937653 |
Appl. No.: |
10/515396 |
Filed: |
December 9, 2004 |
PCT Filed: |
May 22, 2003 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/GB03/02229 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
114/65R |
Current CPC
Class: |
B32B 15/046 20130101;
B32B 15/08 20130101; B32B 15/18 20130101; B32B 5/18 20130101; B32B
3/08 20130101; B32B 2250/40 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
114/065.00R |
International
Class: |
B63B 003/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
May 29, 2002 |
GB |
0212392.5 |
Claims
1. A structural sandwich plate member comprising: first and second
outer plates formed of metal; a core of substantially compact
plastics or polymer material bonded to said outer plates with
sufficient strength to transfer shear forces therebetween; and a
plurality of relatively lightweight forms disposed within said
core; wherein said lightweight forms are disposed so that there are
ribs of said plastics or polymer material extending in two
substantially orthogonal directions in the plane of said plate
member, said ribs also extending between said first and second
outer plates.
2. A structural sandwich plate member according to claim 1 and
having a rectilinear shape, wherein said two substantially
orthogonal directions are substantially parallel to the edges of
said structural sandwich plate member.
3. A structural sandwich plate member according to claim 1 and
having a substantially rectilinear shape, wherein said
substantially orthogonal directions form an acute angle to the
edges of said structural sandwich plate member.
4. A structural sandwich plate member according to claim 1, 2 or 3
wherein the spacing between ribs extending in a first of said two
substantially orthogonal directions is greater than the spacing
between ribs extending in a second of said two substantially
orthogonal directions.
5. A structural sandwich plate member according to claim 1, wherein
the spacing between ribs extending in said first of said two
substantially orthogonal directions is in the range of from about
0.5 to about 2 m.
6. A structural sandwich plate member according to claim 1, wherein
the thickness of said ribs is in the range of about 10 to about 100
mm.
7. A structural sandwich plate member according to claim 1, wherein
said ribs extend substantially uninterrupted from one edge of said
structural sandwich plate member to another.
8. A structural sandwich plate member according to claim 1, wherein
said ribs span between said first and second outer plates.
9. A structural sandwich plate member according to claim 1, wherein
said ribs have been formed by injection of said plastics or polymer
material into a space defined between said first and second
plates.
10. A method of manufacturing a structural sandwich plate member
comprising the steps of: providing first and second outer plates
formed of metal in a spaced-apart relationship with a plurality of
lightweight forms located therebetween; injecting uncured plastics
or polymer material to fill the space defined between said outer
plates and said lightweight forms; and allowing said plastics or
polymer material to cure to form a substantially compact material
that bonds said outer plates together with sufficient strength to
transfer shear forces therebetween; wherein said lightweight forms
are disposed so that said plastics or polymer material forms ribs
extending in two substantially orthogonal directions in the plane
of said plate member.
11. (canceled)
12. (canceled)
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to structural sandwich plate
members which comprise two outer plates and a core of plastics or
polymer material bonded to the outer plates with sufficient
strength to substantially contribute to the structural strength of
the member.
[0002] Structural sandwich plate members are described in U.S. Pat.
No. 5,778,813 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,050,208, which documents are
hereby incorporated by reference, and comprise outer metal, e.g.
steel, plates bonded together with an intermediate elastomer core,
e.g. of unfoamed polyurethane. These sandwich plate systems may be
used in many forms of construction to replace stiffened steel
plates and greatly simplify the resultant structures, improving
strength and structural performance (stiffness, damping
characteristics) while saving weight. Further developments of these
structural sandwich plate members are described in International
Patent Application GB00/04198, also incorporated hereby by
reference. As described therein, foam forms may be incorporated in
the core layer to reduce weight and transverse metal sheer plates
may be added to improve stiffness.
[0003] According to the teachings of GB00/04198 the foam forms can
be either hollow or solid. Hollow forms generate a greater weight
reduction and are therefore advantageous. The forms described in
this document are not confined to being made of light weight foam
material and can also be make of other materials such as wood or
steel boxes.
[0004] International Patent Application GB02/01565 is a further
development of the concept of including hollow forms and describes
forms that are easy to manufacture and assemble, in particular
hollow elongate forms made from snap-together pieces are
described.
[0005] It is an aim of the present invention to provide structural
sandwich plate members including lightweight forms within the core
and having reduced shear deformations under load and improved
lateral load distribution.
[0006] According to the present invention, there is provided: a
structural sandwich plate member comprising: first and second outer
plates formed of metal; a core of substantially compact plastics or
polymer material bonded to said outer plates with sufficient
strength to transfer shear forces therebetween; and a plurality of
relatively lightweight forms disposed within said core; wherein
said lightweight forms are disposed so that there are ribs of said
plastics or polymer material extending in two substantially
orthogonal directions in the plane of said plate member, said ribs
also extending between said first and second outer plates.
[0007] By arranging the lightweight forms such that the plastics or
polymer material of the core forms ribs extending in two
substantially orthogonal directions, a better lateral distribution
of loads applied to the plate is obtained, thereby reducing shear
deformations of the plate member under load. In use, a load applied
locally to the plate member will be transferred in two orthogonal
directions by the plastics or polymer material ribs as well as via
the outer plates.
[0008] The invention may be used with foam and hollow forms as
described in International Patent Applications GB00/04198 and
GB02/01565 as well as any other suitable forms. The lightweight
forms serve to reduce the mass of the structural sandwich plate
member and need not contribute significantly to its structural
strength. The principal requirements on the lightweight forms are
that they are of lower density than the plastics or polymer
material forming the core and have sufficient thermal and
mechanical properties to maintain the desired shape during
injection and curing of the plastics or polymer core.
[0009] Where the structural sandwich plate member is rectilinear,
the ribs may extend in directions substantially parallel to the
edges of the plate but may also extend in directions making an
angle to the edges of the plate member.
[0010] The materials, dimensions and general properties of the
outer plates of the structural sandwich plate member of the
invention may be chosen as desired for the particular use to which
the structural sandwich plate member is to be put and in general
may be as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,778,813 and U.S. Pat. No.
6,050,208. Steel or stainless steel is commonly used in thicknesses
of 0.5 to 20 mm and aluminium may be used where light weight is
desirable. Similarly, the plastics or polymer core may be any
suitable material, for example an elastomer such as polyurethane,
as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,778,813 and U.S. Pat. No.
6,050,208.
[0011] For some applications, non-metal faceplates, as described in
UK patent application 0201903.2 entitled "Improved Structural
Sandwich Plate Members" and incorporated herein by reference, may
be used. Such non-metal faceplates may be made of a reinforced
composite or polymer material, such as fibre-reinforced polymer
material, and have thicknesses in the range of from 1 to 30 mm.
[0012] Further, the invention provides a method of manufacturing a
structural sandwich plate member comprising the steps of: providing
first and second outer plates formed of metal in a spaced-apart
relationship with a plurality of lightweight forms located
therebetween; injecting uncured plastics or polymer material to
fill the space defined between said outer plates and said
lightweight forms; and allowing said plastics or polymer material
to cure to form a substantially compact material that bonds said
outer plates together with sufficient strength to transfer shear
forces therebetween; wherein said lightweight forms are disposed so
that said plastics or polymer material forms ribs extending in two
substantially orthogonal directions in the plane of said plate
member.
[0013] The present invention will be described below with reference
to exemplary embodiments and the accompanying schematic drawings,
in which:
[0014] FIG. 1 is a part-sectional, perspective view of a bridge
deck utilising structural sandwich plate members according to a
first embodiment of the present invention;
[0015] FIG. 2 is a plan cross-sectional view of a structural
sandwich plate member according to a first embodiment of the
present invention;
[0016] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along the line A-A in FIG.
1;
[0017] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along the line B-B in FIG.
1;
[0018] FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of a second embodiment of
the present invention;
[0019] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along the line A-A in FIG.
4; and
[0020] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view along the line B-B in FIG.
4.
[0021] In the various drawings, like parts are indicated by like
reference numerals.
[0022] FIG. 1 shows a part of a bridge deck 1 in which a structural
sandwich plate member according to the present invention may be
used. The bridge deck is in the form of a box girder with deck 2
and soffit 3 formed of panels 10 according to the invention of
about 5 or 6 m width and about 11 or 12 m length. The panels 10 are
supported by transverse diaphragms 6 at spacings of about 4.5 m.
Four panels across the width of the bridge make a spacing of about
27 m between hangers 4. Faring noses 5 are separate, non-structural
pieces.
[0023] FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 are respective plan, longitudinal and
lateral sectional views of a structural sandwich plate member
according to the present invention which is suitable for use in the
deck of a road bridge. Note that the longitudinal direction is the
direction of primary load transfer. The panel 10 may be of the
order of 5 to 6 m wide and 10 to 12 m long and bear truck loads of
total weight 625 kN or greater as part of a stiffened box
girder.
[0024] The structural sandwich plate member comprises upper and
lower outer plates (faceplates) 11, 12 which may be of steel and
have a thickness of e.g. in the range of from 0.5 to 20 mm. In the
present application a thickness of 6 mm is suitable. Edge plates
are welded between the faceplates 11, 12 around their outer
peripheries to form a closed cavity. In the cavity between the
faceplates 11, 12 is a core 14 of plastics or polymer material,
preferably a polyurethane elastomer. This core may have a thickness
in the range of from 15 to 200 mm; in the present application 160
mm is suitable. The core 14 is bonded to the faceplates 11, 12 with
sufficient strength and has sufficient mechanical properties to
transfer shear forces expected in use between the two faceplates.
The bond strength between the core 14 and faceplates 11, 12 should
be greater than 3 MPa, preferably 6 MPa, and the modulus of
elasticity of the core material should be greater than 250 MPa. For
low load applications, such as floor panels, where the typical use
and occupancy loads are of the order of 1.4 kPa to 7.2 kPa, the
bond strength may be lower, e.g. approximately 1 MPa. By virtue of
the core layer, the structural sandwich plate member has a strength
and load bearing capacity of a stiffened steel plate having a
substantially greater plate thickness and significant additional
stiffening.
[0025] To reduce the weight of the structural sandwich plate member
10, not all of the volume between the faceplates 11, 12 is occupied
by core 13. Instead, an array of lightweight forms 13 is provided,
occupying a substantial part of the internal volume of the plate
member. The lightweight forms 13 do not need to significantly
contribute to the structural strength of the plate and they require
only to have thermal and mechanical properties sufficient to
withstand the pressure of injection of the material to form core 14
and the heat from the exothermic reaction of the core during
curing. The lightweight forms 13 may be solid or hollow and may for
example comprise solid foam blocks, hollow plastic moldings or
hollow expanded polypropylene moldings. The forms are generally
rectilinear in shape and laid out in a grid so that the core 14
includes a plurality of ribs 15, 16 extending perpendicular and
parallel to the long dimension of the forms 13, whilst the forms
themselves extend generally in the short direction of the
structural sandwich plate member 10. In use, the ribs 16 of the
core 14 extending in the long direction of the panel 10, transfer
loads to the transverse diaphragms 6 whilst the ribs 15 spanning in
the short direction of the panel 10 assist in distributing the load
laterally and reduce local shear deformations in the panel. Since
the principal load transfer in the panel is to the transverse
diaphragms 6, only a relatively small number of transverse ribs 15
are requited. For example, seven transverse ribs 15 in a panel
width of about 11 m may suffice. In general, the spacing between
transverse ribs may be in the range of from 0.5 to 2 m.
[0026] The width of the transverse ribs 15 may be between about 10
and 100 mm; 50 mm is suitable in the present application. In
cross-section, the transverse ribs 15 may be rectangular or may be
shaped like Ionic columns (wider tops and bases) to increase the
area of the bond to the faceplates 11, 12.
[0027] The lightweight forms 13 are shown in plan view as having
stubs 131 on three sides thereof. The stubs 131 butt against the
adjacent form, or an edge plate of the structural sandwich plate
member, to maintain the required spacing to form the ribs. The
stubs 131 do not extend the full height of the structural sandwich
plate member 10 so that they form only small holes in the ribs of
the core rather than interrupting them. Additional stubs 131 may be
provided on the top and bottom faces of the forms 13 to space the
forms apart from the faceplates 11, 12 creating a substantially
continuous layer of elastomer adjacent each faceplate.
Polypropylene spacers may be provided to space the forms 13 away
from the edges of the structural sandwich plate member.
[0028] To manufacture the structural sandwich plate member 10 the
edge plates are welded around the periphery of lower faceplate 11
and then forms 13 and any spacers placed in the resulting open
cavity. At this stage, any precast sections of the core may be put
in place as well as any shear plates or other fittings that may be
desired. Then, the upper faceplate 12 is welded to the edge plates
to form a closed cavity and the plastics or polymer material
injected to form core 14, including ribs 15, 16. The injected
material is then allowed to cure and the injection ports used in
the injection step ground off and sealed along with the vent holes.
These steps may be performed in situ, or off-site in factory
conditions and the finished panel transported to the installation
site.
[0029] A structural sandwich plate member according to a second
embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7
which are views corresponding to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. This plate
member may be used as a floor panel, e.g. in a building or floating
structure. The structural sandwich plate member 20 of the second
embodiment is similar to that of the first but smaller and has only
two longitudinal ribs across a width of about 3 m. In view of the
lower loads expected in use, the faceplates may have thicknesses of
about 3 mm and the core thickness may be 60 mm. In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6
parts of the structural sandwich plate member 20 are labelled with
references corresponding to those of FIGS. 2 to 4 with the addition
of 10. Polypropylene spacers are shown as 27. In this embodiment,
the principal load transfer is across the short dimension of the
panel, via ribs 26. Transverse ribs 25 assist in load distribution
and reduce lateral shear deformations.
[0030] In the above embodiments, the transverse ribs are formed
when the plastics or polymer material is injected to form the core
13. However, the ribs may also be formed as precast elements which
are glued to the faceplates 11, 12. It will be appreciated that the
above description is not intended to be limiting and that other
modifications and variations fall within the scope of the present
invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
* * * * *