U.S. patent application number 10/787650 was filed with the patent office on 2005-09-01 for adjustable beverage holder.
Invention is credited to Kempf, Jeff A., Sturt, Alan.
Application Number | 20050189459 10/787650 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34886827 |
Filed Date | 2005-09-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050189459 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Sturt, Alan ; et
al. |
September 1, 2005 |
Adjustable beverage holder
Abstract
A holder for supporting an object in a vehicle includes a first
support member. A second support member is movably mounted on the
first support member about an axis. Each of a plurality of
adjusting members define a contact surface for laterally supporting
an object and has a first end movably connected to the first
support member and a second end movably connected to the second
support member. The adjusting members are substantially coplanar
and transverse to the axis. Movement of the second support member
relative to the first support member causes the adjusting member to
move relative to both the first and the second support members.
Inventors: |
Sturt, Alan; (West
Bloomfield, MI) ; Kempf, Jeff A.; (Romeo,
MI) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MACMILLAN, SOBANSKI & TODD, LLC
ONE MARITIME PLAZA-FOURTH FLOOR
720 WATER STREET
TOLEDO
OH
43604
US
|
Family ID: |
34886827 |
Appl. No.: |
10/787650 |
Filed: |
February 26, 2004 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
248/309.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60N 3/106 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
248/309.1 |
International
Class: |
A47F 005/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A holder for supporting an object in a vehicle, the holder
comprising: a first support member; a second support member movably
mounted on said first support member about an axis; and a plurality
of adjusting members, each adjusting member defining a contact
surface for laterally supporting an object, each said adjusting
member having a first end movably connected to said first support
member and a second end movably connected to said second support
member, wherein said adjusting members are substantially coplanar
and transverse to said axis, and wherein movement of said second
support member relative to said first support member causes said
adjusting members to move relative to said first and said second
support members.
2. The holder according to claim 1, wherein said holder further
includes a locking mechanism for locking said second support member
relative to said first support member.
3. The holder according to claim 2, wherein the second support
member is moveable between a plurality of locked positions.
4. The holder according to claim 3, wherein the locking mechanism
is a ratchet assembly.
5. The holder according to claim 1, wherein said second support
member frictionally engages said first support member.
6. The holder according to claim 1, wherein said second support
member is rotatably mounted on the first support member.
7. The holder according to claim 1, wherein said second support
member is rotatably mounted on said first support member about said
axis, such that when said second support member is rotated in a
first direction, the contact surfaces of said adjusting members
move radially outward away from said axis, and when said second
support member is rotated in a second direction opposite the first
direction, the contact surfaces of said adjusting members move
radially inward toward said axis.
8. The holder according to claim 7, wherein said second support
surface includes a first opening having a first circumferential
size, and wherein the contact surfaces of said adjusting members
define a second opening, such that when said second support member
is rotated in the first direction, said second opening has a second
circumferential size, and when said second support member is
rotated in the second direction, said second opening has a third
circumferential size smaller than said second circumferential
size.
9. The holder according to claim 1, wherein one of said first and
second ends of each said adjusting member is pivotally connected to
said respective first and second support members.
10. The holder according to claim 9, wherein said one of said first
and second ends of each said adjusting member is further slidably
connected to said respective first and second support members.
11. The holder according to claim 1, wherein said first end of each
said adjusting member is pivotally connected to one of said first
and second support members, and wherein said second end of each
said adjusting member is pivotally and slidably connected to the
other one of said first and second support members.
12. The holder according to claim 1, wherein said holder further
includes a biasing member disposed between said first support
member and said adjusting members.
13. The holder according to claim 12, wherein the first end of each
said adjusting member is movably connected to said biasing
member.
14. The holder according to claim 13, wherein said first end of
each said adjusting member is pivotally and slidably connected to
said biasing member.
15. The holder according to claim 12, wherein said biasing member
is a spring.
16. The holder according to claim 12, wherein said biasing member
defines a substantially circular shape, and wherein one of said
first and second ends of each said adjusting member is connected to
said biasing member.
17. The holder according to claim 16, wherein said one of said
first and second ends of each said adjusting member is movably
connected to said biasing member.
18. The holder according to claim 1, wherein said holder further
includes a lower platform for horizontally supporting a lower
portion of said object laterally supported by said contact surface
of each said adjusting member.
19. The holder according to claim 1, wherein said adjusting member
is substantially flexible.
20. The holder according to claim 1, wherein said adjusting member
is substantially elongatable.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to a holder for supporting an object.
More particularly, the invention relates to a beverage holder for
supporting a beverage container in a vehicle.
[0002] Vehicle interiors typically include a variety of decorative
and functional trim panels. For example, the front area of the
interior of a vehicle, generally referred to as the cockpit area,
includes an instrument panel, typically formed of a molded plastic
material. Vehicles also may include a center console located
between the driver and passenger seats for storage and placement of
various articles. The instrument panel and/or center console can
include a variety of devices for holding beverage containers,
typically known as cup holders. Known cup holders typically are
adapted to hold known beverage containers, such as cans, cups, and
bottles. However, known cup holders generally can be used for only
a limited number of sizes of containers. It would be advantageous
if there could be developed an improved beverage holder for
supporting a greater number of beverage container sizes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present invention relates to a holder for supporting an
object in a vehicle. The holder includes a first support member. A
second support member is movably mounted on the first support
member about an axis. Each of a plurality of adjusting members
define a contact surface for laterally supporting an object and has
a first end movably connected to the first support member and a
second end movably connected to the second support member. The
adjusting members are substantially coplanar and transverse to the
axis. Movement of the second support member relative to the first
support member causes the adjusting member to move relative to both
the first and the second support members.
[0004] Other advantages of this invention will become apparent to
those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of
the invention, when read in light of the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0005] FIG. 1 is a top view of the beverage holder according to the
invention.
[0006] FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the beverage holder illustrated
in FIG. 1, showing the holder in a first position.
[0007] FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the beverage holder illustrated
in FIGS. 1 and 2, showing the holder in a second position.
[0008] FIG. 4 is a bottom view of an alternate embodiment of a
beverage holder according to the invention, showing the holder in
the first position.
[0009] FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the beverage holder illustrated
in FIG. 4, showing the holder in a second position.
[0010] FIG. 5A is an enlarged bottom view of the mounting boss
illustrated in FIG. 5.
[0011] FIG. 6 is a partial cross sectional view, taken along line
6-6 of FIG. 1.
[0012] FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross sectional view of an alternate
embodiment of the rim.
[0013] FIG. 8 is a partial cross sectional view, taken along line
8-8 of FIG. 1.
[0014] FIG. 9 is a partial perspective view of the substrate and
button illustrated in FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0015] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a beverage holder for supporting
a beverage container according to the invention is illustrated
generally at 10. The holder 10 includes a first support member or
substrate 12 adapted to be mounted within a vehicle, such as an
automobile, a boat, or an airplane. The substrate 12 may be of any
desired type and located at any desired position in the vehicle.
Preferably, the substrate 12 is mounted within an opening in a
portion of the vehicle, such as a trim panel, a console, or an
instrument panel. The substrate 12 may be attached to the vehicle
by any desired means, such as threaded fasteners, by welding, or
with adhesive. Alternately, the substrate 12 may be mounted in a
drawer-type beverage holder. It will be appreciated that the
substrate 12 can also be attached to any portion of a vehicle where
a beverage holder is desired.
[0016] The substrate 12 includes an ornamental or decorative
substrate surface 14 and a substrate underside 16. As best shown in
FIG. 7, a substantially cylindrical flange 18 extends upwardly from
the decorative surface 14 and includes an inner flange surface 18A
and an outer flange surface 18B. The inner flange surface 18A
defines a substantially cylindrical substrate opening 20. A
circumferential first lip 22 extends radially inward from an upper
end (as viewed in FIG. 7) of the flange 18. A ratchet aperture 24
is formed in a portion of the flange 18, as best shown in FIG. 9.
Preferably, the substrate opening 20 is substantially cylindrical
in shape, although such is not required. The substrate opening 20
can also have any desired shape.
[0017] A plurality of bosses or posts 26 extend outwardly
(downwardly as viewed in FIG. 6) of the substrate underside 16. The
posts 26 are shown as being substantially cylindrical in shape,
however such a substantially cylindrical shape is not required. The
posts 26 can also be formed having any other desired shape. A
button aperture 28 is formed in the substrate 12 adjacent the
ratchet aperture 24 of the flange 18. The substrate 12 can be
formed from any desired substantially rigid material, such as
plastic. Polypropylene, nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS), and polycarbonate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PCABS)
are preferred materials for the substrate 12 because of their
strength and rigidity. Preferably, the posts 26 are integrally
formed with the substrate 12, although such integral formation in
not required. The posts 26 can be attached to the substrate 12 by
any desired means, such as welding, threaded fasteners, or an
adhesive.
[0018] As shown in FIGS. 1, 6 and 8, a substantially annular second
support member or rim 30 is disposed about the opening of the
substrate 12. The rim 30 includes an ornamental or decorative rim
surface 32 and a rim underside 34. An inner rim surface 35 of an
inner wall 50 defines a substantially cylindrical rim opening
36.
[0019] A first circumferential groove 38 is formed in the rim
underside 34 and includes an outer wall 40 and a middle wall 42. A
plurality of first ratchet teeth 44 extend inwardly from the outer
wall 40. A first portion 46A of a circumferentially and radially
inwardly extending channel 46 is formed in the middle wall 42. A
second circumferential groove 48 is formed in the rim underside 34
inboard of the first circumferential groove 38 between the middle
wall 42 and the inner wall 50. A plurality of rim apertures 52 is
formed in the inner wall 50 between the rim opening 36 and the
second circumferential groove 48. The purpose of the rim apertures
52 will be described herein.
[0020] A substantially annular rim retainer 54 is disposed in the
second circumferential groove 48. The retainer 54 includes a
radially outwardly extending circumferential second lip 56. A
second portion 46B of the circumferentially and radially inwardly
extending channel 46 is formed in the second lip 56. Preferably,
the retainer 54 attached within the second circumferential groove
48 with a snap fit. It will be appreciated however, that the
retainer 54 can be attached within the second circumferential
groove 48 by any desired means, such as with an adhesive. The
retainer 54 can be formed from any desired substantially rigid
material, such as plastic or metal. Polypropylene, nylon,
polystyrene, and spring steel are preferred materials for the rim
30 because of their strength and rigidity.
[0021] Preferably, the rim 30 is mounted about the substrate
opening 20 of the substrate 12 with a snap fit such that the first
lip 22 is seated within the channel 46. As will be described
herein, the rim 30 is preferably rotatably mounted to the substrate
12 about an axis A. Although the rim opening 36 has been described
and shown in the figures as being cylindrically shaped, it will be
appreciated that the rim opening 36 can be of any desired shape.
The rim 30 can be formed from any desired substantially rigid
material, such as plastic. Polypropylene, nylon, ABS, and PCABS are
preferred materials for the rim 30 because of their strength and
rigidity. Referring to FIG. 7, an alternate embodiment of the rim
is illustrated generally at 30'. As shown in FIG. 7, the middle
wall 42' can be formed having the entire channel 46' formed
therein, thereby eliminating the need for the retainer 54.
[0022] As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a locking mechanism or ratchet
assembly 58 includes a housing 60 attached to the substrate
underside 16, a first biasing member 62, and a latch portion 64.
The latch portion 64 includes a body 66, an upwardly extending
button 68, an upwardly extending tooth portion 70 having a
plurality of second ratchet teeth 72. The latch portion 64 is
disposed within the housing 60 such that the button 68 extends
upwardly through the button aperture 28. The tooth portion 70
extends upwardly adjacent the first ratchet teeth 44 of the rim 30.
The first biasing member 62 urges the latch portion 64 away from
the rim 30 such that the second ratchet teeth 72 engage the first
ratchet teeth 44, as best shown in FIG. 2. When the second ratchet
teeth 72 are so engaged with the first ratchet teeth 44, the rim 30
cannot move relative to the substrate 12, thereby defining a first
locked position, such as shown in FIG. 2. The first biasing member
62 can be any desired type of biasing member, such as a spring.
Preferably, the first biasing member 62 is a compression spring, as
shown in FIG. 8.
[0023] A substantially annular second biasing member 74 is disposed
about the posts 26. The second biasing member 74 can be formed of
any desired material. A plurality of radially inwardly oriented
indentations 76 are formed in the second biasing member 74. A
spring aperture 78, best shown in FIG. 6, is formed in each
indentation 76, the purpose of which will be described herein.
Preferably, the second biasing member 74 is a flat spring formed of
spring steel within the range of from about 0.020 inches to about
0.040 inches thick. More preferably, the second biasing member 74
is a flat spring defining a substantially circular shape. Any other
desired biasing member, such as an elastomeric member, or a
plurality of biasing members, such as coil springs, can also be
used. If desired, attachment means can be provided to attach the
second biasing member 74 to the substrate 12. Preferably, the
second biasing member 74 is attached to the posts 26. For example,
the second biasing member 74 can be attached to the posts 26 by a
rivet 75. If desired, any other attachment means, such as threaded
fasteners, can be used. Although the second biasing member 74 is
illustrated as being attached by one rivet 75 at one post 26, it
will be appreciated that second biasing member 74 can be attached
by any desired number of rivets 75 at any desired number of posts
26.
[0024] Referring to FIG. 2, a plurality of adjusting members 80
extend between the second biasing member 74 and the rim 30. Each
adjusting member 80 includes a substantially elongated body 82, an
inboard end 82A, and an outboard end 82B. The body 82 defines a
contact surface 82C. The ends 82A and 82B include substantially
spherical portions 84A and 84B, respectively. Preferably, the
inboard spherical portion 84A has a diameter larger than the rim
apertures 52 and outboard spherical portion 84B has a diameter
larger than the spring apertures 78.
[0025] As best shown in FIG. 6, the outboard end 82B extends
through the spring aperture 78 such that the outboard spherical
portion 84B is outboard of the spring aperture 78. The inboard end
82A extends through the rim aperture 52 such that the inboard
spherical portion 84A is disposed in the second circumferential
groove 48. As best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the second biasing
member 74 biases the adjusting members 80 outward of the rim 30 and
toward the second biasing member 74.
[0026] Preferably, the adjusting members 80 are substantially
coplanar and transverse relative to the axis A. As used herein,
substantially coplanar is defined as lying in substantially the
same plane. More preferably, substantially coplanar is defined as
the ends 82A and 82B of the adjusting member 80 lying in
substantially the same plane. Substantially coplanar further
includes overlapping adjusting members 80 wherein the bodies 82 of
adjacent adjusting members 80 contact one another and are thereby
caused to slightly deflect or bend. Further, it will be appreciated
that the overlapping adjusting members 80 are substantially
coplanar, even when slightly deflected or bent. Transverse is
defined as disposed at about a 90 degree angle relative to the axis
A. Each adjusting member 80 is shown in FIGS. 2 through 5 as
overlapping an adjacent adjusting member 80. However, such
overlapping is not required, and the adjusting members 80 can be
disposed such that adjacent adjusting members 80 do not
overlap.
[0027] The contact surfaces 82C of the adjusting members 80 define
a container opening 86 having a first circumferential size or
diameter C1 or receiving and laterally supporting an object, such
as a first beverage container (such as shown by a phantom line 87
in FIG. 2). The adjusting members 80 can be made of any desired
substantially flexible material, such as braided metal cable or an
elastomer. Any other desired substantially flexible metals and
non-metals can also be used.
[0028] As shown in FIG. 6, the holder 10 includes a lower platform
88 for horizontally supporting a lower portion of an object, such
as the container 87 which is laterally supported within the
container opening 86.
[0029] An alternate embodiment of the holder is generally
illustrated at 10 ' in FIGS. 4 and 5. The holder 10' is
substantially identical to the holder 10, except that the biasing
member 74 is not provided and an alternate embodiment of an
adjusting member 90 is provided. A plurality of mounting bosses 92
extend outwardly of the substrate underside 16. A mounting aperture
94 is formed through each mounting boss 92. Preferably, the
outboard spherical portion 84B of the adjusting member 90 has a
diameter larger than the mounting apertures 94. It will be
appreciated that the mounting bosses 92 can be any desired shape.
Preferably, the mounting bosses 92 are integrally formed with the
substrate 12, although such integral formation in not required. The
mounting bosses 92 can be attached to the substrate 12 by any
desired means, such as welding, threaded fasteners, or an
adhesive.
[0030] A plurality of adjusting members 90 extend between the
mounting bosses 92 and the rim 30. Each adjusting member 90
includes a substantially elongated body 82', an inboard end 82A',
and an outboard end 82B'. The body 82' defines a contact surface
82C'. The ends 82A' and 82B' include substantially spherical
portions 84A' and 84B', respectively. Preferably, the inboard
spherical portion 84A' has a diameter larger than the rim apertures
52 and outboard spherical portion 84B' has a diameter larger than
the mounting apertures 94.
[0031] The contact surfaces 82C' of the adjusting members 90 define
a container opening 86' having a first circumferential size or
diameter C1' for receiving and laterally supporting an object, such
as the beverage container shown by a phantom line 87' in FIG. 4.
The adjusting member 90 can be made of any desired substantially
rigid material, such as metal cable or substantially rigid plastic.
Any other desired substantially rigid metals and non-metals can
also be used.
[0032] If desired, the adjusting members 90 can be formed from a
substantially elongatable material. As used herein, elongatable is
defined as being deformable or extendable lengthwise. For example,
rubber or other elastomers can be used.
[0033] In operation, a vehicle occupant applies a radially inward
force to the button 68 (in the direction of an arrow 98, such as
shown in FIG. 8), so as to urge the second ratchet teeth 72 away
from the first ratchet teeth 44. The vehicle occupant can then move
the rim 30 in one of a clockwise or a counterclockwise direction.
For example, when the rim 30 of the holder 10 shown in FIG. 2 is
moved in a clockwise direction (as viewed in FIG. 2), the contact
surfaces 82C of the adjusting members 80 are moved radially inward,
as shown in FIG. 3. As used herein, the phrase "radially inward" is
defined as moving toward the axis A. The phrase "radially outward"
is defined as moving away from the axis A.
[0034] The clockwise rotation of the rim 30 causes the inboard ends
82A of the adjusting members 80 to move along a circumferential
path (as shown by an arrow 99 in FIG. 2) from a first position as
shown in FIG. 2 to a second locked position as shown in FIG. 3. As
the adjusting members 80 move, the second biasing member 74 is
caused to move radially inward, as shown in FIG. 3. Preferably, the
rim 30 is rotatably mounted to the substrate 12 about the axis A,
such that when the rim 30 is rotated in a first direction
(counterclockwise as viewed in FIGS. 2 and 3), the contact surfaces
82C of the adjusting members 80 move radially outward away from the
axis A.
[0035] When the vehicle occupant has rotated the rim 30 to a
desired position, the button 68 is released, causing the first
biasing member 62 to urge the second ratchet teeth 72 into
engagement with the first ratchet teeth 44, thereby defining the
second locked position. Preferably, the rim 30 is movable between a
plurality of locked positions. The first locked position shown in
FIG. 2, and the second locked position as shown in FIG. 3, are two
examples of the plurality of locked positions.
[0036] When the rim 30 is in the second locked position, the
contact surfaces 82C of the adjusting members 80 define a container
opening 100 having a second circumferential size or diameter C2 for
receiving and laterally supporting an object, such as a second
beverage container shown by a phantom line 102 in FIG. 3.
[0037] Similarly, the vehicle occupant can again apply a radially
inward force to the button 68 so as to urge the second ratchet
teeth 72 away from the first ratchet teeth 44. The vehicle occupant
can then move the rim 30 in a counterclockwise direction. For
example, when the rim 30 of the holder 10 shown in FIG. 3 is moved
in a counterclockwise direction (as viewed in FIG. 3), the contact
surfaces 82C of the adjusting members 80 are moved radially
outward, as shown in FIG. 2.
[0038] The counterclockwise rotation of the rim 30 causes the
inboard ends 82A of the adjusting members 80 to move along a
circumferential path (as shown by the arrow 99 in FIG. 2) from the
second position as shown in FIG. 3 to the first position as shown
in FIG. 2. As the rim 30 is rotated, the second biasing member 74
urges the outboard ends 82B of the adjusting members 80 radially
outward, as shown in FIG. 2.
[0039] When the vehicle occupant has rotated the rim 30 to a
desired position, the button 68 is released, causing the first
biasing member 62 to urge the second ratchet teeth 72 into
engagement with the first ratchet teeth 44, thereby defining the
first locked position, as best shown in FIG. 2.
[0040] The operation of the embodiment of the holder 10'
illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 is similar to the operation of the
holder 10. In the first locked position as shown in FIG. 4, the
outboard ends 82B' of the adjusting members 96 extend outward of
the mounting bosses 92.
[0041] The vehicle occupant can move the rim 30 in a clockwise
direction. For example, when the rim 30 of the holder 10' shown in
FIG. 4 is moved in a clockwise direction (as viewed in FIG. 4), the
contact surfaces 82C' of the adjusting members 90 are moved
radially inward, as shown in FIG. 5. The clockwise rotation of the
rim 30 causes the inboard ends 82A' of the adjusting members 90 to
move along a circumferential path (as shown by the arrow 99' in
FIG. 4) from a first position as shown in FIG. 4 to a second
position as shown in FIG. 5. As the adjusting members 90 move, the
outboard ends 82B' are caused to slide within the mounting
apertures 94 of the mounting bosses 92 until the outboard spherical
portion 84B' engages the mounting boss 92.
[0042] When the rim 30 is in the second locked position, the
contact surfaces 82C' of the adjusting members 90 define a
container opening 100' having a second circumferential size or
diameter C2' for receiving and laterally supporting an object, such
as the beverage container shown by a phantom line 103 in FIG.
5.
[0043] In operation, the holder 10, 10' can support objects having
a variety of diameters, and a variety of circumferential shapes and
sizes. An object, such as the container 87, 87', 102, 103 for
example, can be inserted into the container opening 86, 86', 100,
and 100' such that a lower portion of the container 87, 87', 102,
103 is supported by the lower platform 88, as shown in FIGS. 2
through 5, inclusive. Preferably, a portion of an outer surface
87A, 87A', 102A, 103A of the container 87, 87', 102, 103 contacts,
and is laterally supported by, the contact surfaces 82C, 82C' of
the adjusting members 80, 90.
[0044] Although the holder 10, 10' has been described as movable
between a plurality of locked positions by means of the ratchet
assembly 58, the ratchet assembly 58 is not required. For example,
if desired, the rim 30 can be mounted in frictional engagement with
the substrate 12. A rotational force exerted on the rim 30 in
either the clockwise or counterclockwise direction causes the rim
30 to slide against the substrate 12 between a plurality of
frictionally engaged or locked positions.
[0045] One advantage of the invention is that the adjusting members
80, 90 can be adjusted to define any desired circumferential size,
such as circumferential sizes C1 and C2, as illustrated in FIGS. 2
and 3, respectively. When an object, such as the container 87, 102,
has a diameter or circumferential size smaller than the rim opening
36, the adjusting members 80, 90 can be moved so as to define a
container opening 86, 100 wherein at least one of the contact
surfaces 82C, 82C' contacts and supports the object, regardless of
the shape of the object.
[0046] Another advantage of the invention is when an object having
a circumferential size, or diameter C2 slightly larger than the
container opening, such as the container opening 100, the
substantially flexible adjusting members 80 are caused to deflect
radially outward, as best shown in FIG. 3. Such deflection of the
adjusting members 80 allows containers of more than one diameter or
circumferential size to be supported within any one container
opening, such as the container opening 100.
[0047] Another advantage of the invention is that objects having
irregular circumferential shapes can also be easily and
conveniently supported within the container opening 86, 100. Such
objects can include an object having substantially rectangular
circumferential cross section, such as a conventional cellular
telephone, or a beverage box. The object, such as a beverage box,
can contact any one of or all of the adjusting members 80, 90.
[0048] The principle and mode of operation of this invention have
been described in its preferred embodiments. However, it should be
noted that this invention may be practiced otherwise than as
specifically illustrated and described without departing from its
scope.
* * * * *